Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2691 149461 142317 2026-11-07T21:42:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 149461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Happy baby.jpg|thumb|Umwana wishimye]] '''Umwana''', ( en francais: Enfant / En anglais: Child ) ni urubyaro rukomoka ku mugore n'umugabo. Iyo ari benshi bavuga abana. Amasezerano y'uburenganzira bw'umwana asobanura umwana nk'igihe cy'ubuzima bw'abantu kuva akivuka kugeza ku myaka 18[[Umwana: Kurera, Ubuzima n'Iterambere|.Umwana]] w’uruhinja ni umwana kuva avutse kugeza ku mwaka umwe. Abana b’impinja bahagarariye ubuzima bushya, icyizere n’ukomereza ku miryango n’imiryango migari. Bakeneye kwitabwaho byihariye, gukundwa no kurindwa kuko baba bishingikirije ku babyeyi cyangwa ababarera ku buryo bwuzuye kugira ngo babeho kandi bakure neza. == Iterambere ry’Umubiri == [[Dosiye:Kids, Namibe, Angola.jpg|thumb]] Mu mwaka wa mbere w’ubuzima, uruhinja rukura kandi rugahinduka vuba cyane. Iyo avutse, uruhinja rushobora kurira, gusinzira no konsa gusa. Uko amezi agenda ashira, atangira kumwenyura, kwiyunguruza, kwicara, gukambakamba no kugerageza guhaguruka cyangwa kugenda. Indyo yuzuye, cyane cyane konsa mu mezi ya mbere, igira uruhare rukomeye mu mikurire myiza. Kujyana uruhinja kwa muganga kenshi no kuruhesha inkingo nabyo birurinda indwara zitandukanye. == Iterambere ry’Amarangamutima n’Imibanire == Uruhinja rugirana umubano ukomeye n’ababyeyi cyangwa abamurera. Uwo mubano urufasha kumva rufite umutekano n’urukundo. Iyo umubyeyi yitabye ku marira y’uruhinja akamuhumuriza kandi akamwitaho, arwigisha kwizera no kwigirira icyizere. Kuvugisha uruhinja, kururirimbira no kurukinishiriza bifasha mu iterambere ry’ururimi no mu kumenya kubana n’abandi. N’ibikorwa byoroheje nko kumureba mu maso no kumusekera bigira <ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=43&q=umwana&cvid=14664bc8903643029b1fdbdc6a6084e4&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg8MgYIAhBFGDzSAQg1NjQ5ajBqMagCALACAA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U531 umwana - Search] </ref> uruhare rukomeye mu kumwumvisha ko akunzwe kandi afite agaciro. == Uruhare rw’Umuryango n’Abaturage == Kurera uruhinja si inshingano z’ababyeyi gusa, ahubwo n’umuryango mugari n’abaturage bafite uruhare. Ibidukikije byiza bifasha uruhinja gukura neza kandi mu mutekano. Inzu itekanye, isuku, ubuvuzi bwiza n’urukundo bihoraho ni ingenzi ku mibereho myiza y’umwana. == Imbogamizi zo Kurera Uruhinja == Kwita ku ruhinja bishobora kugorana kuko rukenera kwitabwaho buri gihe. Rukanguka kenshi nijoro, rukeneye kugenzurwa no kwitabwaho buri mwanya, kandi bisaba kwihangana. Ariko nubwo hari izo mbogamizi, kurera uruhinja ni ishema n’umugisha ku miryango myinshi. == Umwanzuro == Uruhinja ni impano y’agaciro kandi ni ryo shingiro ry’ahazaza h’umuryango n’igihugu. Iyo rwitabwaho neza, rukundwa kandi rukayoborwa neza mu myaka yarwo ya mbere, rukura ruba umwana muzima kandi ufite inshingano. Gushora igihe n’urukundo mu kurera uruhinja ni imwe mu nshingano zikomeye kandi zifite agaciro mu buzima bw’abantu.<ref>[https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=43&q=umwana&cvid=14664bc8903643029b1fdbdc6a6084e4&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg8MgYIAhBFGDzSAQg1NjQ5ajBqMagCALACAA&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U531 umwana - Search]</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abana]] ncofo6o143ckhbgk44zj79m145yh5fg 0 3534 149379 140977 2026-11-07T21:10:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Ikirundi | subheader = ''Ikirundi'' | image = [[File:PancarteLa réserve naturelle de la forêt de Bururi.jpg|250px]] | caption = Icyapa cyanditse mu Kirundi gihaza abasura ishyamba rya Bururi | label1 = Kivugwa muri | data1 = [[Uburundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]], [[Ubugande]] | label2 = Abakivuga | data2 = hafi miliyoni 12,5 | label3 = Umuryango | data3 = Indimi z'Ikibantu → Ikinyarwanda-Ikirundi | label4 = Imvugo | data4 = Ikibo, Ikirundi, Ikiragane, Igisoni, Ikinyabweru, Ikiyogoma, Ikimoso | label5 = Inyuguti | data5 = Inyuguti z'[[Ikilatini]] | label6 = Ururimi rw'igihugu | data6 = [[Uburundi]] | label7 = ISO 639-1 | data7 = rn | label8 = ISO 639-2 / 639-3 | data8 = run | label9 = Glottolog | data9 = rund1242 | label10 = Guthrie | data10 = JD.62 }} '''Ikirundi''' (cyitwa kandi ''Kirundi'' cyangwa ''Rundi'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Ikibantu, kikaba ururimi rw'igihugu cy'[[Uburundi]]. Kivugwa n'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 12,5, cyane cyane mu Burundi, ariko no mu bice byegeranye na bwo by'u [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], ndetse no muri [[Ubugande]]. Ikirundi n'[[Ikinyarwanda]] birumvikana hagati yabyo, kandi byombi bigize itsinda rimwe ry'imvugo zegeranye ryitwa Ikinyarwanda-Ikirundi. == Abakivuga n'aho kivugwa == Ikirundi ni ururimi kavukire rw'abagera kuri 97 % by'abaturage b'Uburundi (abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 11). Kivugwa kandi n'abantu bagera ku 576 000 mu Rwanda, 512 000 muri Tanzaniya na 246 000 mu Bugande.<ref name="joshua">{{Cite web |title=Rundi Language |url=https://joshuaproject.net/languages/run |website=Joshua Project |language=en |access-date=2021-10-13}}</ref><ref name="glottolog">{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 4.4 – Rundi |url=http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/rund1242 |website=glottolog.org |language=en |access-date=2021-10-13}}</ref> Kivugwa n'[[Abahutu]], [[Abatutsi]] n'[[Abatwa]], ndetse n'Abahima. Imvugo z'Ikirundi zo hafi y'umupaka wa Tanzaniya zumvikana n'Igiha, ururimi ruvugwa mu burengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya. == Isano n'Ikinyarwanda == Ikirundi n'Ikinyarwanda ni imvugo ebyiri z'ururimi rumwe, zifite amagambo menshi ahuye n'imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo isa.<ref name="zorc">{{Cite book |last1=Zorc |first1=R. David |last2=Nibagwire |first2=Louise |year=2007 |title=Kinyarwanda and Kirundi Comparative Grammar |publisher=Dunwoody Press |location=Hyattsville, MD |url=https://zorc.net/publications/121%3DKinyarwanda%26KirundiComparativeGrammar.pdf |language=en}}</ref> Bimwe mu bitandukanya izo ndimi zombi bigaragara mu myandikire no mu magambo amwe n'amwe: {| class="wikitable" |+ Imibare n'amagambo amwe mu Kirundi no mu Kinyarwanda ! Ikirundi !! Ikinyarwanda |- | rimwe || rimwe |- | kabiri || kabiri |- | gatatu || gatatu |- | kane || kane |- | gatanu || gatanu |- | gatandatu || gatandatu |- | indwi || karindwi |- | umunani || umunani |- | icenda || icyenda |- | icumi || icumi |- | icongereza || icyongereza |- | canke || cyangwa |} == Imiterere y'ururimi == === Amajwi === Abahanga bose bemeranya ko Ikirundi gifite inyajwi eshanu (''a, e, i, o, u''); buri nyajwi ishobora kuba ngufi cyangwa ndende, kandi iryo tandukaniro rihindura igisobanuro cy'ijambo.<ref name="meeussen">{{Cite book |last=Meeussen |first=A. E. |year=1959 |title=Essai de grammaire rundi |series=Annales du Musée royal du Congo belge, Sciences humaines – Linguistique |volume=24 |location=Tervuren |language=fr}}</ref> Umubare w'ingombajwi wo uratandukana bitewe n'abanditsi, uri hagati ya 19 na 26.<ref name="zorc" /> Ikirundi ni ururimi rufite amajwi y'injyana (''tons'') abiri: ijwi ryo hejuru n'iryo hasi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Samie |first=Thierry |year=2009 |title=Dictionnaire français-kirundi |publisher=L'Harmattan |location=Paris |edition=2 |isbn=978-2-296-09185-6 |language=fr}}</ref> Gikunze gukoreshwa nk'urugero rw'itegeko rya Meeussen, risobanura uko amajwi y'injyana ahinduka mu ndimi z'Ikibantu. === Imiterere y'amagambo === Ibyumvikanyo by'Ikirundi bigizwe ahanini n'ingombajwi ikurikiwe n'inyajwi (CV). Kimwe n'Ikinyarwanda, Ikirundi gikoresha ibyiciro 16 by'amazina (''classes nominales'') by'indimi z'Ikibantu; byinshi muri byo bigenda ari bibiri bibiri (ubumwe n'ubwinshi), urugero: '''umu'''rundi / '''aba'''rundi.<ref name="zorc" /> Cyandikishwa inyuguti z'[[Ikilatini]]. == Amateka n'ikoreshwa mu butegetsi == [[File:Church of the Pater Noster rn.jpg|thumb|Isengesho rya [[Dawe uri mu ijuru]] mu Kirundi, ku kiliziya ya Pater Noster i Yeruzalemu]] Itegeko Nshinga ry'Ubwami bw'Uburundi ryo mu 1962 ryemeje Ikirundi nk'ururimi rwemewe mu butegetsi. Inyandiko nyinshi za Leta, cyane cyane izasohotse mu kinyamakuru ''Bulletin officiel du Burundi'' hagati ya 1962 na 1963, zandikwaga mu [[Igifaransa]] no mu Kirundi. Nyuma y'aho iryo Tegeko Nshinga rihagarikiwe mu 1966, Ikirundi cyakomeje gukoreshwa nk'ururimi rwemewe, nubwo cyagiye gikoreshwa gake mu nyandiko za Leta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verdoodt |first=A. |chapter=Social and Linguistic Structures of Burundi, a Typical 'Unimodal' Country |title=Language and Society: Anthropological Issues |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |date=2011 |pages=509–532 |isbn=9783110806489 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHgQp8SKvkgC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1972, Ikirundi cyagizwe ururimi rwigishwamo mu mashuri abanza y'u Burundi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weinstein |first=Warren |title=Historical Dictionary of Burundi |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000wein_e0d2 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=1976 |location=Metuchen, NJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000wein_e0d2/page/89 89] |isbn=9780810809628 |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2020, hashyizweho Akademiya y'Ikirundi (''Académie rundi'') igamije gutunganya no guteza imbere ururimi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rigumye |first=Mariette |title=Longtemps attendue, l'Académie Rundi ouvre sous peu |url=https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/longtemps-attendue-lacademie-rundi-ouvre-sous-peu/ |work=IWACU |language=fr |access-date=2021-09-10}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ikinyarwanda]] * [[Uburundi]] * [[Igiswahili]] * [[Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://rn.wikipedia.org/ Wikipediya mu Kirundi] * {{Cite web |title=Rundi |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/rund1242 |website=Glottolog |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last1=Goldsmith |first1=John |last2=Sabimana |first2=Firmard |year=1989 |chapter=The Kirundi Verb |title=Modèles en tonologie: kirundi et kinyarwanda |publisher=Éditions du CNRS |location=Paris |isbn=9782222043232 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last=Meeussen |first=A. E. |year=1959 |title=Essai de grammaire rundi |location=Tervuren |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last1=Zorc |first1=R. David |last2=Nibagwire |first2=Louise |year=2007 |title=Kinyarwanda and Kirundi Comparative Grammar |publisher=Dunwoody Press |location=Hyattsville, MD |language=en}} [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Indimi]] [[Category:Burundi]] ft9gbj2a7en7i5v1uf2ylpsem768dx6 0 3561 149453 102723 2026-11-07T21:38:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 149453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyiragongo2004.jpg |thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo</span>]] [[File:Virunga 03.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo</span>]] '''Pariki y’Ibirunga ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo}} [[Category:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 9n5js4knu94xgwmcpvy8jqo48weh50j 0 5504 149194 135953 2026-11-07T18:58:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q175323|useImage=TR Sakarya asv2021-10 img20 Urban Park.jpg}} '''Adapazarı''' : ni umujyi kandi ni akarere ka komini nini (metropolitan district) ndetse n’umurwa mukuru w’[[Districts of Turkey|akarere]] ka [[Sakarya Province]], muri [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706215822/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |date=2015-07-06 }}, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> Ifite ubuso bungana na km² 324,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331065214/https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|archive-date=31 March 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> kandi ituwe n’abaturage 281,489 (2022).<ref name="tuik">{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> Ikubiyemo igice cyo hagati n’icy’amajyaruguru y’agace kagize umujyi wa Adapazarı n’icyaro kiwukikije. ==Amateka== Amateka ya Adapazarı atangira mu mwaka wa 378 mbere ya Yezu, ubwo yitwaga '''Agrilion''' (Ἀγρίλιον mu rurimi rw’[[Greek language|Ikigereki]]). Abaturage ba mbere barimo [[Phrygia]]ns, [[Bithynia]]ns, [[Cimmerians]], [[Lydians]], [[Greeks]], n’[[Achaemenid Empire|Abapersi]]. Gusa Adapazarı yubatse umwimerere wayo mu bihe by’[[Hellenistic period|Abagiriki ba kera]], [[Ancient Rome|Abaroma]] n’ubwami bwa [[Byzantine]]. Nyuma y’intsinzi za [[Alexander the Great]], Abapersi birukanwe muri ako karere. Kimwe mu bimenyetso by’amateka by’ingenzi ni [[Sangarius Bridge]] ({{langx|tr|Beş Köprü}}) yubatswe n’Umwami w’Abaroma b’Iburasirazuba [[Justinian]] mu 533 nyuma ya Yezu. Mu mateka, wari ku muhanda wa gisirikare wahuzaga [[Constantinople]] (ubu ni [[Istanbul]]) n’ibice by’iburasirazuba by’ubwami bwe.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Adabazar|volume=1|page=166}}</ref> Mu 1868 hashinzwe ku mugaragaro Komini ya Adapazarı. Mu 1954, itegeko ryatowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Turukiya ryayigize [[umurwa]] mukuru w’intara yigenga itandukanye na Kocaeli. [[1999 İzmit earthquake|Umutingito wa Marmara wo mu 1999]] wangije cyane umujyi, uhitana abantu barenga 18,000 kandi wangiza byinshi mu bikorwa remezo. Mu 2008 hashyizweho akarere ka Adapazarı mu buryo bushya, kandi intara ihindurirwa izina iba Sakarya, ikomora ku mugezi wa [[Sakarya River]].<ref>[https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/03/20080322M1-1.htm Kanun No. 5747], Resmî Gazete, 22 March 2008.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=İl İdaresi ve Mülki Bölümler Şube Müdürlüğü İstatistikleri - İl ve İlçe Kuruluş Tarihleri |url=https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kurumlar/icisleri.gov.tr/IcSite/illeridaresi/İstatistiki%20Bilgiler/İl%20İdaresi%20ve%20Mülki%20Bölümler/il%20ilce%20kurulus%20tarihleri_2019.pdf |access-date=11 October 2023|page=71 |language=tr}}</ref> ==Ubukungu== Adapazarı ibamo uruganda runini rw’imodoka rwa [[Toyota Motor Corporation]] ndetse n’uruganda rwa gari ya moshi rwa [[EUROTEM|Hyundai EURotem]]. Hari kandi n’inganda zikomeye za gisirikare zirimo Tank Pallet 1st Main Maintenance na [[Otokar]]. Inganda z’imyenda (siliki na lini), ubuhinzi n’amashyamba nabyo bifite uruhare rukomeye, harimo umusaruro w’itabi, imbuto za hazelnut, ibiti bya walnut, n’imboga. Nyuma y’umutingito wa 1999, umujyi wongeye kubaka ibikorwa remezo byawo kandi hubakwa inzu ndangamurage y’umutingito mu rwego rwo kuwibuka. ==Uburezi n’umuco== Kaminuza rukumbi iri muri uyu mujyi ni [[Sakarya University]], yashinzwe mu 1992 kandi ifite umubare munini w’abanyeshuri muri Turukiya. Ifite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere umuco n’imibereho rusange y’umujyi. Hari kandi ibigo by’umuco nka Adapazarı Kültür Merkezi na Sakarya Sanat Galerisi. Kent Park irimo ishusho y’uruziga rw’amazi rwa kera rwakoreshwaga mu kugeza amazi meza ku baturage hagati ya 1724 na 1955. ==Siporo== Adapazarı ni ho ikipe ya [[Sakaryaspor]] ikorera. Yatwaye [[Fortis Turkey Cup|Igikombe cya Turukiya]] inshuro imwe kandi yakinnye muri [[Süper Lig]] ibihe 11. Yagarutse muri [[TFF First League]] mu 2011 nyuma yo gutsinda [[Konya Şeker S.K.]], [[Bugsaşspor]] na [[Bandırmaspor]]. Nubwo atahora mu cyiciro cya mbere, iyi kipe yareze abakinnyi bakomeye nka [[Hakan Şükür]], [[Tuncay (footballer)|Tuncay]], [[Oğuz Çetin]] na [[Aykut Kocaman]]. ==Ikirere== Adapazarı ifite ikirere cya [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa mu buryo bwa [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]). Impeshyi irashyuha kandi igira ubuhehere bwinshi, naho imbeho igakonja kandi ikagira imvura nyinshi. Imvura igwa umwaka wose ariko ikiyongera cyane mu gihe cy’imbeho. Urubura rugwa hagati ya Ukuboza na Werurwe. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwigeze kwandikwa ni {{Convert|44.0|C|F|abbr=on}} ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2000, naho ubukonje bukabije bwigeze kwandikwa ni {{Convert|-14.5|C|F|abbr=on}} ku ya 22 Mutarama 1961.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=SAKARYA | title = İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri | publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service | language = tr | access-date = 12 July 2024}}</ref> ==Abantu bazwi== * [[Udi Hrant]] (1901–1978), umucuranzi wa oud n’umuririmbyi * [[Kriton Ilyadis]] (1916–1980), umufata-amashusho * [[Sait Faik Abasıyanık]], umwanditsi * [[Tuncay (footballer)|Tuncay]], umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru * [[Hakan Şükür]], umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru * [[Semih Saygıner]], umukinnyi wa carom billiards * [[Kenan Sofuoğlu]], umukinnyi w’amapikipiki ==Imijyi y’impanga== Adapazarı ifitanye ubufatanye (sister cities) na:<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaç kardeş şehrimiz var? İşte cevabı|url=https://t54.com.tr/haber/4807684/kac-kardes-sehrimiz-var-iste-cevabi|publisher=T54|language=tr|date=2020-06-06|access-date=2024-06-10}}</ref> * {{flagicon|KOS}} [[Klina]], Kosovo * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ==Amashakiro== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adapazari}} [[Category:Adapazarı| ]] [[Category:Populated places in Sakarya Province]] [[Category:Districts of Sakarya Province]] [[Category:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey]] f2ryftxggpp4w9tpnzs11awnm0wxr1y 0 6124 149398 142736 2026-11-07T21:15:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149398 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Ntukitiranye n'ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]].'' {{Infobox | title = Kanguka | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Ikinyamakuru cyigenga | label2 = Uwagishinze | data2 = Vincent Rwabukwisi | label3 = Ururimi | data3 = Ikinyarwanda | label4 = Izina Kanguka | data4 = 1989 }} '''Kanguka''' cyari ikinyamakuru cyigenga cyo mu Rwanda. Cyashinzwe n'umunyamakuru Vincent Rwabukwisi. Cyanengaga ubutegetsi bwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. Ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]] cyashinzwe mu 1990 kugira ngo gihangane na Kanguka. == Amateka == Mu 1987, Vincent Rwabukwisi yatangije ikinyamakuru cyigenga cyitwaga ''Kazagwa''. Nyuma cyiswe ''Ejo Nzamera Nte''. Mu 1989, cyahawe izina rya Kanguka.<ref name="tnt" /> Mbere, Kanguka ntiyandikaga ibya politiki. Mu 1989, yatangiye kunenga politiki ya Leta. Yarwanyaga ivangura rishingiye ku moko n'uturere.<ref name="tnt" /> Umucuruzi Valens Kajeguhakwa yateye inkunga Kanguka.<ref name="twagi" /> == Vincent Rwabukwisi == Mu 1990, Rwabukwisi yafashwe avuye i [[Nairobi]]. Yari yagiye kubaza ibibazo umwami [[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]].<ref name="tnt" /> Yakatiwe igifungo cy'imyaka 15. Yafunzwe amezi 10, arekurwa muri Nzeri 1991.<ref name="cpj" /> Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Rwabukwisi yarasiwe iwe i [[Nyamirambo]], i [[Kigali]].<ref name="tnt" /> Yari Umuhutu, ariko yakekwagaho gukorana na FPR Inkotanyi.<ref name="tnt" /> == Kangura == Ikinyamakuru ''The New Times'' cyanditse ko Kangura yashinzwe nk'igisubizo kuri Kanguka. Cyanditse ko [[Hassan Ngeze]] yahinduye inyuguti za nyuma z'izina Kanguka.<ref name="tnt" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="tnt">{{Cite news |last=Kuteesa |first=Hudson |title=Genocide: Remembering Vincent Rwabukwisi, founder of Rwanda's first private newspaper |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15917/news/kwibuka/genocide-remembering-vincent-rwabukwisi-founder-of-rwandas-first-private-newspaper |work=The New Times |date=2024-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="cpj">{{Cite web |title=Vincent Rwabukwisi |url=https://cpj.org/data/people/vincent-rwabukwisi/ |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="twagi">{{Cite book |last=Twagilimana |first=Aimable |chapter=Kanguka |title=Historical Dictionary of Rwanda |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000twag |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |year=2007 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000twag/page/99 99]–100 |isbn=978-0810853133 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Kangura]] * [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last=Chrétien |first=Jean-Pierre |title=Rwanda : les médias du génocide |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9782865376216 |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |year=1995 |isbn=978-2-86537-621-6 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] m6gogyr8o87lofk2x0zny9mxw6nmkcw 0 6206 149199 149022 2026-11-07T19:01:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnes van Ardenne.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q225902}} '''Anna Maria Agnes "Agnes" van Ardenne-Van der Hoeven''' (wavutse ku wa '''21 Mutarama 1950''') ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate w'Umuholandi wagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Yabaye umwe mu banyamuryango b'ishyaka Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), aho yagiye anagira imyanya itandukanye muri guverinoma y'u [[Buholandi]] ndetse no mu rwego rwa dipolomasi. == Umwuga == Agnes van Ardenne yavukiye i Maasland mu Buholandi ku wa 21 Mutarama 1950. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Guverinoma y'u Buholandi, yabaye Visi Perezida w'umuryango CORDAID, ukora ibikorwa by'ubutabazi n'iterambere, ndetse aba n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Komite y'igihugu ya UNICEF mu Buholandi.Hagati ya 1994 na 2002, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Buholandi. Muri icyo gihe kandi yari mu ntumwa z'Inteko zoherezwaga mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inama y'u Burayi (PACE). ====== Minisitiri ushinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere ====== Kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye Minisitiri ushinzwe Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga n'Iterambere muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe Jan Peter Balkenende. Mu mwaka wa 2004, ubwo u Buholandi bwari buyoboye Inama y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, yayoboye inama z'abaminisitiri bashinzwe ubufatanye mu iterambere.Mu gihe yari kuri uwo mwanya, yibanze ku gufasha ibihugu bifite intege nke n'ibyugarijwe n'intambara, harimo na [[Sudani]]. Yanashyize imbere ko nibura 50% by'ingengo y'imari y'u Buholandi yagenerwaga ubufatanye bw'ibihugu byombi ishyirwa mu mishinga yo muri Afurika. Mu 2006, yahagaritse inkunga y'amadolari ya Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 150 yagombaga guhabwa guverinoma ya Perezida [[Mwai Kibaki]] wa [[Kenya]], bitewe n'impungenge zerekeye ruswa.Nyuma y'umutingito wabaye muri Kashmir mu mwaka wa 2005, yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba mbere baturutse mu mahanga basuye Pakisitani kugira ngo barebe uko ibikorwa by'ubutabazi byakorwaga. === Gushyigikira uburezi n'ubuzima === Mu 2006, yongereye inkunga u Buholandi bwatangaga mu burezi bwo mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza, ayigeza kuri miliyoni 110 z'amayero ku mwaka. Yanongereye kandi umusanzu watangwaga muri gahunda ya Education for All Fast Track Initiative (FTI) awugeza kuri miliyoni 150 z'amayero.Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yasezeranyije GAVI inkunga igera kuri miliyoni 100 z'amayero mu myaka ine yo gushyigikira gahunda zo gukingira abana no guteza imbere ubuvuzi. Yanatanze indi nkunga ya miliyoni 201 z'amadolari ya Amerika kuri [[UNICEF|UNICEF,]] igamije gufasha abana bibasiwe n'intambara, ibiza cyangwa ibindi bibazo gukomeza amashuri. === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma === Nyuma yo kuva muri guverinoma mu 2007, yabaye Uhagarariye u Buholandi muri FAO, WFP na IFAD i Roma kugeza mu 2011.Hagati ya 2011 na 2014, yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubuhinzi bw'Indabo n'Ibihingwa by'Ubusitani mu Buholandi. Kuva mu 2017, ni Perezida w'Ikigo cy'u Buholandi gishinzwe igenzura ry'ubuhinzi bw'indabo n'ibihingwa by'ubusitani. == Ibindi bikorwa == === Mu miryango mpuzamahanga === Hagati ya 2003 na 2007, Agnes van Ardenne yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama y'Abaguverineri mu mwanya w'uhagarariye u Buholandi mu [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (AfDB), Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere ya Aziya (ADB) ndetse no muri Banki y'Isi (World Bank). ====== Mu miryango idaharanira inyungu ====== Kuva mu '''2013''', ni Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'<nowiki/>'''African Studies Centre (ASC)''' yo muri '''Kaminuza ya Leiden''', ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku Afurika.Kuva mu '''2012''', yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama y'Ubuzima bw'Ibidukikije n'Ibikorwaremezo (RLI) mu Buholandi.Yanabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi ya '''Van Hall Larenstein''', ishuri rikuru ryigisha ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi, ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye. Ni na we uyoboye Inama y'Ubutegetsi y''''Marga Klompé Foundation''', umuryango ukora ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abaturage. == Imya ya politiki == Ku wa '''30 Werurwe 2012''', Agnes van Ardenne hamwe n'abandi banyapolitiki bakomeye bo mu ishyaka '''Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA)''', barimo ba Minisitiri b'Intebe bahoze ari bo '''Ruud Lubbers''' na '''Piet de Jong''', bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yamaganaga icyemezo cya guverinoma ya Minisitiri w'Intebe '''Mark Rutte''' cyo kugabanya ingengo y'imari yagenerwaga ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere. == Amashakiro == # .https://web.archive.org/web/20160207120410/http://www.ncdo.nl/sites/default/files/Report%20Analysis%20The%20Dutch%20and%20Development%20Cooperation%20FINAL%202013%2003%2004.pdf # https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2014/04/01/iob-return-on-aid-for-dutch-exports # https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4958316.stm # http://en.rli.nl/news/2012/dutch-government-names-members-of-council-for-the-environment-and-infrastructure [[Dosiye:Famara_Jatta_and_Agnes_van_Ardenne,_IMF_691765l.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] {{commonscat|Agnes van Ardenne}} [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] 796ogqsybpd4a92gx3jq4qrlqem5cdd 0 7451 149342 68419 2026-11-07T20:47:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radio Studio 54 Network''' ni [[radiyo]]. [[File:Radio Studio 54 Network logo.svg|thumbnail|Radio Studio 54 Network logo]] == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191225112737/http://www.studio54network.it/ Studio 54 Network website] * [http://share.xdevel.com/scriptshare/streamsolution/playeros/index.php?logobackground=000000&logo=true&autostart=true&height=36&width=380&id=442964986e275016d0e4a3e3ec40e0d6 Radio Studio 54 Network webcast] [[Category:Amaradiyo mu Ubutaliyani]] mdapyktnu0szselh3mhwhvfa3te932x 0 8617 149425 146233 2026-11-07T21:24:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Agathe Uwilingiyimana | birth_date = 23 Gicurasi 1953 | birth_place = Nyaruhengeri, [[Butare]], [[Rwanda]] | death_date = 7 Mata 1994 (afite imyaka 40) | death_place = [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]] | death_cause = Yarishwe | resting_place = Irimbi ry'Intwari, [[Kigali]] | nationality = Umunyarwandakazi | occupation = Umwarimu, umunyapolitiki | known_for = Minisitiri w'Intebe w'u Rwanda (1993–1994) | party = MDR | spouse = Ignace Barahira (1976–1994) | children = 5 }} '''Agathe Uwilingiyimana''' (23 Gicurasi 1953 – 7 Mata 1994) yari umwarimu w'[[imibare]] akaba n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyarwandakazi. Yabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe mu Rwanda kuva ku wa 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza yicwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994, akaba ari we mugore wa mbere wabaye kuri uwo mwanya mu Rwanda. Yari mu ishyaka MDR ritavugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], kandi yagize uruhare mu mishyikirano yatumye hasinywa amasezerano y'amahoro ya [[Umujyi wa Arusha|Arusha]]. Yishwe n'abasirikare barindaga Perezida mu masaha ya mbere ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], ari kumwe n'umugabo we. Ashyirwa mu [[Intwari z'u Rwanda|Ntwari z'u Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima == Yavukiye i Nyaruhengeri, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Butare]], mu muryango w'abahinzi. Ababyeyi be bimukiye muri Kongo-Mbiligi (ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]) bajyanywe no gushaka akazi, bagaruka i Butare mu 1957.<ref name="Burnet">{{Cite web |last=Burnet |first=Jennie |date=2019-03-26 |title=Uwilingiyimana, Agathe |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-487 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en}}</ref> Amashuri yisumbuye yayigiye muri Lycée Notre-Dame des Cîteaux i [[Kigali]], akomeza kwiga imibare n'ubutabire. Mu 1976 yabaye umwarimu i Butare, muri uwo mwaka ashakana na Ignace Barahira, babyarana abana batanu. Mu 1985 yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ubutabire muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]], yigisha ubutabire mu mashuri ya Butare imyaka ine. Yashishikarizaga abakobwa kwiga imibare n'ubumenyi, ibintu byamuteye kunengwa n'abari bagifite imyumvire ya kera.<ref name="Burnet">{{Cite web |last=Burnet |first=Jennie |date=2019-03-26 |title=Uwilingiyimana, Agathe |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-487 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en}}</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Mu 1986 yashinze koperative yo kuzigama no kuguriza mu bakozi b'ishuri yigishagamo i Butare. Mu 1989 yagizwe umuyobozi muri Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi.<ref name="Burnet">{{Cite web |last=Burnet |first=Jennie |date=2019-03-26 |title=Uwilingiyimana, Agathe |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-487 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1992 yinjiye mu ishyaka MDR (''Mouvement démocratique républicain''), ritavugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. Muri Mata 1992, Minisitiri w'Intebe Dismas Nsengiyaremye yamugize Minisitiri w'Uburezi muri guverinoma y'amashyaka menshi. Ari kuri uwo mwanya, yakuyeho iringaniza rishingiye ku moko mu mashuri, imyanya n'amashuri bitangwa hakurikijwe ubushobozi bw'abanyeshuri. Ibyo byatumye yangwa n'Abahutu b'intagondwa.<ref name="Burnet">{{Cite web |last=Burnet |first=Jennie |date=2019-03-26 |title=Uwilingiyimana, Agathe |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-487 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |date=March 1999 |title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-11.htm |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> === Minisitiri w'Intebe === Ku wa 18 Nyakanga 1993, Perezida Habyarimana yamugize Minisitiri w'Intebe, asimbura Nsengiyaremye. Ishyaka rye ryari ryacitsemo ibice hagati y'abashyira mu gaciro n'intagondwa; ubuyobozi bwa MDR ntibwemeye iryo shyirwaho, bumuvana mu ishyaka.<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |date=March 1999 |title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-11.htm |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Ku wa 4 Kanama 1993, Leta y'u Rwanda, amashyaka atanu atavuga rumwe na yo na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] basinyiye i [[Umujyi wa Arusha|Arusha]] amasezerano y'amahoro yagombaga guhagarika intambara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1993-08-04 |title=Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Rwandese Patriotic Front |url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4fcc.html |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Hakurikijwe ayo masezerano, umwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe wagombaga guhabwa Faustin Twagiramungu. Uwilingiyimana yakomeje kuyobora guverinoma by'agateganyo, mu gihe guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yari itarajyaho.<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |date=March 1999 |title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-11.htm |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> == Urupfu == [[File:Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial monument 18.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rw'abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi biciwe muri Camp Kigali ku wa 7 Mata 1994.]] Ku mugoroba wa 6 Mata 1994, indege yari itwaye Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe hafi ya Kigali. Muri iryo joro, Uwilingiyimana yagombaga kunyura kuri Radio Rwanda kugira ngo ahumurize abaturage; [[MINUAR]] yohereje abasirikare icumi b'[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] gusanga abasirikare batanu bo muri [[Gana]] bari basanzwe bamurinda.<ref name="Dallaire">{{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |author-link=Roméo Dallaire |title=Shake Hands with the Devil |url=https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde0000dall_l3u7 |publisher=Carroll & Graf |location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=0-7867-1510-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde0000dall_l3u7/page/245 245]–246, 268 |language=en}}</ref> Mu gitondo cya 7 Mata, abasirikare barindaga Perezida bagose urugo rwe, bambura intwaro abasirikare ba MINUAR. Uwilingiyimana n'umugabo we bagerageje kwihisha mu kigo cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye cyari hafi aho, ariko basanzwe aho barabica. Abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi bajyanywe muri Camp Kigali, bakorerwa iyicarubozo maze baricwa.<ref name="Power">{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Samantha |date=2001-09-01 |title=Bystanders to Genocide |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2001/09/bystanders-to-genocide/304571/ |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |last=Des Forges |first=Alison |date=March 1999 |title=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-11.htm |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Abana be batanu barokowe na kapiteni Mbaye Diagne wa MINUAR, nyuma bajyanwa mu [[Ubusuwisi]].<ref name="Dallaire">{{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |author-link=Roméo Dallaire |title=Shake Hands with the Devil |url=https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde0000dall_l3u7 |publisher=Carroll & Graf |location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=0-7867-1510-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde0000dall_l3u7/page/245 245]–246, 268 |language=en}}</ref> == Ubutabera == Majoro [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]] yaregwe n'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kugira uruhare mu iyicwa rya Uwilingiyimana n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi, ariko ikirego cye kirakurwaho mu 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Genocide suspect 'likely to be tried' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/299858.stm |work=BBC News |date=1999-03-20 |language=en}}</ref> Ku wa 18 Ukuboza 2008, urwo rukiko rwahamije Koloneli [[Théoneste Bagosora]] icyaha cya jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, harimo iyicwa rya Uwilingiyimana, rumukatira gufungwa burundu.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwandan Officer Found Guilty of 1994 Genocide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/world/africa/19rwanda.html |work=The New York Times |date=2008-12-18 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] * [[Jean Kambanda]] * [[MINUAR]] * [[Roméo Dallaire]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |title=Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda |url=https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde00dall |publisher=Carroll & Graf |location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=0-7867-1510-3 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Uwilingiyimana, Agathe}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] er0l35pphcbfk4ek3ku4re4d7kdxxld 0 8689 149377 148495 2026-11-07T21:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Imiterere y'u Rwanda | image = [[File:Rwanda Topography.png|260px]] | caption = Ikarita y'imiterere y'ubutaka bw'u Rwanda | label1 = Umugabane | data1 = [[Afurika]] | label2 = Aho ruherereye | data2 = 2°00′S 30°00′E | label3 = Ubuso | data3 = 26 338 km² (ku mwanya wa 148 ku isi) | label4 = Ubutaka | data4 = 24 668 km² | label5 = Amazi | data5 = 1 670 km² | label6 = Imbibi | data6 = 930 km | label7 = Inkombe z'inyanja | data7 = 0 km | label8 = Ahantu harehare | data8 = [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] (4 507 m) | label9 = Ahantu hasi | data9 = [[Umugezi wa Rusizi]] (950 m) | label10 = Ikiyaga kinini | data10 = [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] }} '''Imiterere y'u Rwanda''' ivuga uko ubutaka, amazi n'ikirere by'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] biteye. U Rwanda ni igihugu gito kiri muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iburasirazuba. Nta nyanja rufite. Ruri mu majyepfo ya ekwateri, hafi yayo. Ruhana imbibi na [[Ubugande]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. U Rwanda ni igihugu cy'imisozi myinshi. Ahantu harehare ni [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]]. Ahantu hasi ni ku [[Umugezi wa Rusizi|mugezi wa Rusizi]]. Ikirere cy'u Rwanda ntigishyuha cyane kandi ntigikonja cyane. Mu mwaka habamo ibihe bibiri by'imvura. == Aho ruherereye n'imbibi == U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 26 338. Ubutaka bufite kilometero kare 24 668. Amazi afite kilometero kare 1 670.<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ |title=The World Factbook – Rwanda |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251227151133/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ |archive-date=2025-12-27 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> Umurwa mukuru, [[Kigali]], uri hagati mu gihugu.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rwanda |title=Rwanda |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2026-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> U Rwanda ruhana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] mu majyaruguru. Ruhana imbibi na [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba. Ruhana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] mu majyepfo. Ruhana imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba.<ref name="Britannica" /> Imbibi zose zifite kilometero 930. Umupaka n'Uburundi ufite kilometero 315. Umupaka na Tanzaniya ufite kilometero 222. Umupaka na Kongo ufite kilometero 221. Umupaka n'Ubugande ufite kilometero 172.<ref name="CIA" /> == Imiterere y'ubutaka == Urukurikirane rw'imisozi rwambukiranya igihugu kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo. Iyo misozi itandukanya amazi ajya muri [[Nili]] n'ajya mu mugezi wa Kongo. Ahantu harehare ni [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]]. Gifite metero 4 507. Kiri mu [[Imisozi ya Virunga|misozi ya Virunga]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Hagati mu gihugu hari imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Mu burasirazuba, ubutaka buramanuka bukagera kuri metero 1 220 mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|Akagera]]. Icyo kibaya kirimo ibishanga.<ref name="Britannica" /> Ahantu hasi mu gihugu ni ku [[Umugezi wa Rusizi|mugezi wa Rusizi]], kuri metero 950. Ubutumburuke mpuzandengo bw'u Rwanda ni metero 1 598.<ref name="CIA" /> == Imigezi n'ibiyaga == [[File:Lake Kivu in rwanda.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]]] Imigezi myinshi iri mu burasirazuba bw'imisozi itandukanya Kongo na Nili. [[Umugezi wa Akagera|Akagera]] ni wo mugezi munini wo mu burasirazuba. Ugize igice kinini cy'umupaka n'Uburundi na Tanzaniya. Umugezi wa Rusizi ujyana amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu mu [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]].<ref name="Britannica" /> Umugezi muremure mu gihugu ni [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]]. Ikiyaga kinini ni [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'iburengerazuba.<ref name="Britannica" /> U Rwanda rugisangiye na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2 220.<ref name="CIA" /> Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo bugera kuri metero 480.<ref name="Jorgensen">{{Cite book |last=Jørgensen |first=Sven Erik |year=2005 |title=Lake and reservoir management |url=https://archive.org/details/lakereservoirman0000unse |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-444-51678-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lakereservoirman0000unse/page/93 93] |language=en}}</ref> Ibindi biyaga birimo [[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Burera]], [[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Ruhondo]], [[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Muhazi]], [[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Rweru]] n'[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Ihema]]. == Ikirere == Ikirere cy'u Rwanda ntigishyuha cyane kandi ntigikonja cyane.<ref name="CIA" /> I Kigali, ubushyuhe mpuzandengo ni dogere 21 °C mu mwaka wose. Imisozi yo hagati mu gihugu ibona imvura ingana na milimetero 1 140 ku mwaka. Hari ibihe bibiri by'imvura. Icya mbere kiva muri Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi. Icya kabiri kiva mu Ukwakira kugera mu Ukuboza. Agace k'ibirunga mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kabona imvura nyinshi. Ako gace gakonja kurusha hagati mu gihugu.<ref name="Britannica" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Ikirere cya Kigali ! Ukwezi !! Mut !! Gas !! Wer !! Mat !! Gic !! Kam !! Nya !! Kan !! Nze !! Ukw !! Ugu !! Uku !! Umwaka |- ! Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (°C) | 26.9 || 27.4 || 26.9 || 26.2 || 25.9 || 26.4 || 27.1 || 28.0 || 28.2 || 27.2 || 26.1 || 26.4 || 26.9 |- ! Ubushyuhe bwo hasi (°C) | 15.6 || 15.8 || 15.7 || 16.1 || 16.2 || 15.3 || 15.0 || 16.0 || 16.0 || 15.9 || 15.5 || 15.6 || 15.7 |- ! Imvura (mm) | 76.9 || 91.0 || 114.2 || 154.2 || 88.1 || 18.6 || 11.4 || 31.1 || 69.6 || 105.7 || 112.7 || 77.4 || 950.9 |- ! Iminsi y'imvura (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11 || 11 || 15 || 18 || 13 || 2 || 1 || 4 || 10 || 17 || 17 || 14 || 133 |} == Umutungo kamere n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka == U Rwanda rufite umutungo kamere ukurikira: zahabu, gasegereti, wolframu, [[Ingufu za Gaz methani|gaz metani]], ingufu z'amazi n'ubutaka bwo guhinga.<ref name="CIA" /> Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu 2023.<ref name="CIA" /> Muri 2012, ubutaka buhirwa bwari kilometero kare 96.<ref name="CIA" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka (2023) ! Ubwoko !! Ijanisha |- | Ubutaka buhingwa || 47 % |- | Ibihingwa bihoraho || 13,7 % |- | Inzuri || 15,6 % |- | Amashyamba || 24,5 % |} == Ibidukikije == U Rwanda rugira amapfa rimwe na rimwe. [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke|Bisoke]] (metero 3 711) kiri ku mupaka na Kongo. Ni cyo kirunga cyonyine cyarutse mu mateka y'u Rwanda.<ref name="CIA" /> Amashyamba kimeza asigaye ari make.<ref name="Britannica" /> Ibibazo by'ibidukikije birimo gutema amashyamba no kurisha cyane. Harimo kandi isuri, kugabanuka k'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka no kwangirika kw'[[ibishanga]]. Harimo no gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no guhiga bitemewe.<ref name="CIA" /> Isuri iterwa n'imisozi ihanamye, imvura nyinshi, gutema amashyamba n'ubuhinzi bukabije.<ref name="Britannica" /> Pariki z'igihugu zirimo [[Pariki y'Akagera]], [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] na [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]. U Rwanda ruri mu masezerano mpuzamahanga menshi yerekeye ibidukikije. Muri yo harimo ayerekeye urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, imihindagurikire y'ibihe, ubutayu, ibishanga no kurinda ozone. U Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano yerekeye amategeko y'inyanja, ariko ntirurayemeza.<ref name="CIA" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Geography of Rwanda|Amafoto y'imiterere y'u Rwanda]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] kcayto9t7oehypebhleh38at7i1o8ym 0 8948 149462 142302 2026-11-07T21:42:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 149462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abami bategetse u Rwanda''' Impuguke mu mateka Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditse ku mateka y’u [[Rwanda]], bavuga ko Abami 28 aribo bayoboye u [[Rwanda]] kuva ahagana mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza muwa 1960. Amateka y’u [[Rwanda]] kandi agaragaza ko ab' Abami bose bo mu Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Musinga.jpg|thumb|umwami Yuhi I Musinga]] [[Dosiye:Tutsi King Kigeli in Exile (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] Igihugu cy'u Rwanda gifite amateka yacyo yihariye ajyanye n’ingoma za cyami zariho mu myaka yo hambere. [[Dosiye:RUGANZU_monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano cyerekana umwami RUGANZU II Ndoli]] Bamwe mu bami babaye ibihangange ku bw’inyurabwenge rijimije ryabo ryihariye, abandi babaye indatwa ku bw’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu rugamba rwo kwagura igihugu no kurinda ubusugire bwacyo.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190819131735/http://umubavu.com/amateka/article/Twige-amateka-yacu-tumenya-abami-28-bayoboye-u-Rwanda-kuva-1091-1960] Amateka y’u Rwanda kugira ngo ashyirwe mu nyandiko, hakoreshwaga ihererekanya bumenyi bafataga mu mutwe, dore ko abanyarwanda bari abahanga mu kuvuga imivugo, [[ibyivugo]], amahamba, ibisigo n’ibindi. Bakoreshaga ihererekanyabumenyi bafata mu mutwe. Bitewe n’uburyo bw’ishyinguranyandiko butari buriho muri ibyo bihe, amateka yagiye amenyekana cyane n’abagiye bahiga abandi cyane mu bikorwa by’indashyikirwa. Iyi akaba ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru usanga [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] bivuga ku mateka hari aho bidahuza. Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditsi, bakoze urutonde hagendewe ku bikorwa bikomeye byaranze ingoma ya buri mwami, ijyanye n’igihe cye cyo kwima na bamwe mu bami bo mu bihugu byari bikikije u Rwanda, ibitero bikomeye byaragabwe, inzara yateye, impinduka zidasanzwe mu buyobozi cyangwa mu mibereho ya Rubanda n’ibindi. == Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Kings_Palace_1.jpg|thumb|Kings Palace 1]] 1. [[GIHANGA NGOMIJANA|Gihanga I Ngomijan]]<nowiki/>a (1091-1124) 2. [[Kanyarwanda I Gahima I|Kanyarwanda Gahima]] (1124-1157) 3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180) 4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213) 5. Ndoba (1213-1246) 6. Samembe (1246-1279) 7. Nsoro Samukondo (1279-1312) 8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345) 9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378) 10. [[Kigeli I Mukobanya]] (1378-1411) 11. [[Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi|Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I]] (1411-1444) [[Dosiye:Tchached_house.jpg|thumb|Icumbi ry'abami bahambere mu Rwanda]] 12. [[Yuhi II Gahima II]] (1444-1477) 13. [[Ndahiro II Cyamatare]] (1477-1510) 14. [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] (1510-1543) 15. [[Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi|Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi]] (1543-1576) 16[[Kigeli II Nyamuheshera|. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera]] (1576-1609) 17. [[Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura|Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura]] (1609-1642) 18[[Yuhi III Mazimpaka|. Yuhi III Mazimpaka]] (1642-1675) 19. [[Cyilima II Rujugira]] (1675-1708) 20. [[Kigeli III Ndabarasa]] (1708-1741) [[Kalemera Rwaka|Karemera Rwaka]] : (Ku rutonde ntabarwa kuko yabaye umusigarira wa Ndabarasa ubwo yarwaraga amakaburo) 21. [[Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo]] (1741-1746) 22. [[Yuhi IV Gahindiro]] (1746-……?) 23. [[Mutara II Rwogera]] (1830-1853) 24. [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeli IV Rwabugili]] (1853-1895) 25. [[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]] (1895-1895) Yakorewe kudeta. 26. [[Yuhi V Musinga]] (1895-1931) 27. [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] (1931-1959) [[Dosiye:Mutara_II_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mutara II Rudahigwa w' u Rwanda]] 28. [[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] (1959-1960 Mu nyandiko zakozwe, kugeza none, hagendewe ku byo [[Abiru]] n’ibisonga by’Abami bagaragaje, Abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranye n’imyaka bimye ingoma, mu buryo bukurikira kuva mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza muwa 1960.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/abami-10-bashatse-abagore-benshi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/amazina-yahabwa-abami-mu-rwanda-ninshingano-zabo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-08 |archive-date=2025-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125235541/https://panorama.rw/amazina-yahabwa-abami-mu-rwanda-ninshingano-zabo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/122396/Education/know-your-history-the-kings-of-rwanda</ref> == Ubushakashatsi == Bitewe nuko impuguke mu mateka zakoze [[ubushakashatsi]] ku bantu banyuranye kugira ngo zishyire amateka y’u Rwanda mu nyandiko, hari henshi usanga badahuza nko ku myaka ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, kuko byari ukugereranya. Akaba ariyo mpamvu bitazagutangaza uguye nko ku gitabo kinyuranya n’uru rutonde.<ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=5818670cd70ad89173d0652ebfca10a389c&vario=229a9f382b7e96e8e74cf5c299f6634e5d</ref> [[Dosiye:King Muzinga’s children and Major R. Høier’s daughter. Ruanda 1928. (9422840528).jpg|thumb|Umuryango w'Umwami MUSINGA ]] Twibukiranye ko kandi ko [[Umwami]] yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye. Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga. Muri make ubuzima bw’abaturage b’Igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye. Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’Umwami, [[inka]] zari iz’Umwami, ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’Umwami, [[Umugore|abagore]] bose babaga ari ab’Umwami, [[abana]] babaga ari ab’Umwami n’ibindi. Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka, rikubahirizwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kubana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 1c9axh675h1n52ip5qmr9pjgz7mzxl4 0 8959 149294 135567 2026-11-07T20:05:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-Nirere evangeline-Mulindi w'Intwari,.wav|thumb|right|alt=PRONOUNCIATION OF UMULINDI W'INTWALI|UMULINDI W'INTWALI]] Ingoro ndangamateka yo kubohora igihugu iri ku [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ Mulindi w’Intwari] mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], Umurenge wa [[Dosiye:Hall_of_Heroes,_Satriamandala_Museum.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ndangamurage y' intwari]] Kaniga, Akagari ka Mukindi, Umudugudu wa Nyakabungo.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> Iyi [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ Ingoro ndangamurage] yo [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181336/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ ku Mulindi w’Intwari ifite umwihariko] irusha izindi ngoro ndangamurage hafi ya zose zo ku Isi bitangazwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181336/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Aphrodisias_Museum_Apollo_and_a_royal_hero_4653.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Bimwe mu ibimenyetso biboneka mu ingoro ndangamateka y' intwali.]] Iyi ngoro [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ iherereye]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> ahari ibiro bya [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR Inkotanyi]], [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ irimo n’indaki]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] ikoze mu nyuguti ya L, yakoreshaga mu gutanga amabwiriza igihe yari ayoboye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu hagati yo mu 1990-1994 no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yanifashishwaga n’abanyamuryango ba FPR Inkotanyi bungurana ibitekerezo ku ngingo zitandukanye<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref>. Mu 2018 [http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 Ingoro y’amateka y’urugamba]<ref>http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765</ref> rwo guhagarika Jenoside niyo yasuwe cyane, ikurikirwa n’Ingoro y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda i Huye, Ingoro y’Abami i Nyanza n’Ingoro y’Ubugeni n’ubuhanzi yahoze yitwa iy’[https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ abaperezida iri i Kigali.]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> [http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 Gusura Ingoro]<ref>http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765</ref> z’umurage w’u [[Rwanda]] abana n’abanyeshuri bishyura 700 Frw, abakuru bishyura 1500 Frw, abo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bishyura 3000 Frw naho abandi banyamahanga bakishyura 6000 Frw. == Reba == 1.https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ 2.http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 3.https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181336/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0efljs1e6vdk7tlvmwg78f0qf0ltd31 0 8960 149430 143105 2026-11-07T21:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q24964531|useImage=[[File:BiseseroGenocideMemorial25.jpg|BiseseroGenocideMemorial25]]}} [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Bisesero_Memorial |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-17 |archive-date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804125628/https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Bisesero_Memorial |url-status=dead }}</ref>ni urwibutso ruherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Kibuye, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]], rukaba ruzwi cyane kubera amateka yihariye yaranze aka gace aho Abatutsi bahatuye bagaragaje ubutwari budasanzwe bwo kwirwanaho mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], bakifashisha amabuye n’inkoni mu guhangana n’interahamwe zari zifite intwaro zikomeye; hagati y’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi na Kamena 1994, ibi bitero byarakomeje bikaza kuganisha ku bwicanyi ndengakamere bwahitanye Abatutsi barenga 40,000, ari na yo mpamvu uyu munsi uru rwibutso ari ahantu ho kuzirikana no guha icyubahiro abazize jenoside, ndetse rukaba n’ikimenyetso cy’ubutwari n’ubudaheranwa byaranze abaharwaniye ubuzima bwabo. == Imiterere rusange == {{Ikarita y'Inzibutso za Jenoside mu Rwanda}} Urwibutso rwa Bisesero ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Inkuru irambuye == Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ abaturage baturutse] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>mu mirenge ituranye baza guhungira i Bisesero. Uko ubwicanyi bwibasiye [[Abatutsi]],bwagendaga bwiyongera uko bwije n'uko bukeye, abantu bakoze urugendo rw'ibirometero kugira ngo bajyane impunzi. Ubwo ubwicanyi bwatangiraga,abaturage ba Bisesero bari biteguye bihagije kurwana aho kugwa mu ntagondwa z'interahamwe. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibusto rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi Bisesero ]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ Bitegetswe n'umusaza]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> umwe n'umuturage witwa [[Aminadabu Birara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, abatutsi ba Bisesero bateguye amayeri yo kurwanya interahamwe zaje gutera umudugudu wabo. Bisesero ni agace k'imisozi, abatutsi bategekwa kwifata hejuru y'umusozi witwa Muyira aho bashoboraga kubona interahamwe hejuru. Gusa abarwanyi b'abatutsi bari bemerewe ni abagabo n’abahungu bari bafite imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana, mu gihe abana n’abagore bitwikiriye inyuma y’umusozi umwe. Muri ako kanya intwaro ikomeye ku batutsi bahigwaga ba Bisesero yari amabuye n'amacumu make<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Jenoside ikomeye == Ku ya 13 Gicurasi, interahamwe zimaze kumenya ko abatutsi ba Bisesero biteguye kwirwanaho,interahamwe zashatse intwaro zikomeye (Mortar 81, 82 n’intwaro nyinshi ziremereye) ziva mu mpande zose z’u Rwanda ndetse n’ingabo nyinshi zirimo abasivili b’Abahutu boherejwe i [https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ Bisesero kurangiza abaturage.]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bageze i Bisesero, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ abatutsi barenga 4000]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bari bateraniye hejuru y’umusozi wa Muyira bafite amabuye n'amacumu biteguye kwirwanaho. Mortar 81 na 82s zahanganye numusozi zirekura amasasu manini mu gihe intagondwa z'interahamwe zazamutse umusozi. Muri icyo gihe, abatutsi ba Bisesero bari bazi ko bagabweho igitero - ku muntu wese wagerageje kuzamuka hejuru yateraga amabuye n'amacumu mu rwego rwo kwirwanaho<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 02.jpg|thumb|abacu bazize Jenoside]] N'ubwo abatutsi benshi bapfuye, abatutsi bake barokotse bagerageje gukomeza kwirwanaho kugeza ku ya 13 kamena igihe Abafaransa bafashaga interahamwe kwica abatutsi .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> == Igitero cy'Abafaransa == Ku ya 27 Kamena, [[:en:Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre|Abafaransa bateye Bisesero]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> baje bavuga ko bafite umugambi wo kubungabunga umutekano no guhagarika jenoside. Bahageze bavugana n'umuntu Eric wahoze ari umwarimu muri kiriya gihe, yari azi [[igifaransa]]. Ibintu byari bikomeje gutera ubwoba n'ubwo abatutsi bavuga ko bavuye mu bwihisho bashaka ubufasha bw’ingabo z’Ubufaransa. Nyuma yaho (ingabo z'Ubufaransa) barabihakana bavuga ko bazagaruka nyuma y'iminsi itatu kugira ngo batabare. Umunyamakuru w'Umufaransa [[Patrick de Saint-Exupéry]] wa ''Le Figaro'', wari kumwe n'ingabo z'Ubufaransa muri ''Opération Turquoise'', yiboneye ibyabereye i Bisesero icyo gihe, maze nyuma abyandikaho inkuru n'ibitabo. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 03.jpg|alt=imibiri|thumb|285x285px|Imibiri ya Bazize Jenoside]] Ntibyatinze ingabo z'Ubufaransa zimaze kugenda, interehamwe zagarutse kurangiza ibyo zatangiye. Ku ikubitiro ubwicanyi bw'Abatutsi bwakomeje ku manywa, ariko kuri iyi nshuro baza kwica amanywa n'ijoro kugira ngo barangize abatutsi bose mbere yuko Abafaransa bagaruka nyuma y'iminsi 3. Ijoro ryo ku ya 30 Kamena Abafaransa baragarutse basanga hafi ya bose bishwe kandi wenda kimwe cya kane cy'ibihumbi bazima ariko bakomeretse cyane. Kugeza ubu urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero rwubatswe mu 1997 rufite inyubako eshatu zuzuyemo imibiri y'abazize jenocide kandi kuri ubu hakaba hakomeje kubakwa inzibutso aho hazashyingurwa imibiri 50-60.000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero == [[:en:Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre|Uru rwibutso]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> ni rumwe mu nzibutso zikomeye bibukiraho jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Ku wa 20 nzeri 2023 nibwo urwibutso rwa jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 rwa Bisesero rwashyizwe mu nzibutso zikomeye n'izindi zirimo Murambi,[[Nyamata]] n'urwa Gisozi. Nyuma y'umwaka rushyizwemo; abarusura bavuye ku 4.592 mu 2023 bagera ku 10.170 mu 2024.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/abasura-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-bisesero-bikubye-kabiri-nyuma-yo-gushyirwa</ref> == Izindi nzibutso z'itsembabwoko mu Rwanda == Uru rwibutso ni kimwe mu bigo bitandatu bikomeye byo mu Rwanda bibuka itsembabwoko ry’abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994. Ahandi ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Kigali]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Urwibutso rwa Murambi]] n’[[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]] n’ahandi i [[Nyamata]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye|Nyarubuye]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=2 Werurwe 2015}}</ref> Urwibutso ruherereye ku birometero 60 uvuye i Kibuye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/noam-schimmel/rwanda-genocide_b_1656970.html |title=Bisesero: The Hill of Resistance |author=Noam Schimmel |publisher=Huffington Post |date=2012 |access-date=3 Werurwe 2016}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1.https://web.archive.org/web/20210523011842/https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ 2.https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/bisesero-genocide-memorial-centre/ 3.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} jy83qrxcffqdeigkqq9jlwep7uxot5w 0 8965 149205 145800 2026-11-07T19:07:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149205 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubusobanuro == [[Dosiye:NYARUGENGE_PRISON_1930.jpg|thumb|GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE ]] [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01.jpg|alt=Gereza ya 1930|center|thumb|720x720px|Iyahoze ari Gereza nkuru Ya Nyarungege]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Iyo gereza ikunze kwitwa 1930]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>, iri mu Murenge wa Muhima, Mu kagari ka Kanunga, muri Nyarugenge, ariyo gereza ya cyera kurusha izindi mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ikaba iranga imyubakire y’abakoloni mu [[Rwanda]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl architecture coloniale]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>). == Igihe ya tangiriye n'Igihe ya funze imiryago == Iyi [http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en gereza nkuru ya Kigali]<ref>http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en</ref> yari iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Akarere ka Nyarungege]] yubatswe 1930. Iyo gereza yimuriwe i Mageragere muri Nyakanga 2018. == Ibikorwa bitega nyijwe. == ''Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa mu [[Rwanda]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182142/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ RCS]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182142/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'') rwatangaje ko rugiye kumurika  igitabo ku mateka ya gereza zo mu [[Rwanda]] ‘Amateka kuri Gereza z'u [[Rwanda]]’ ndetse hatangizwe ku mugaragaro ikinyamakuru cya RCS ‘ [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182142/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ Gororoka Magazine’]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182142/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''kizajya gisohoka buri gihembwe, kandi kikagera ku bantu bose.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182142/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ Umujyi wa Kigali biteganyijwe ko [http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en Gereza ya Nyarungege izagirwa ahantu Ndangamateka]<ref>http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en</ref> bivuze ko urukuta rwayo rutazasenywa. Umuyobozi ushinzwe imiturire mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181805/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi Mujyi wa Kigali]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181805/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Eng.Mugisha Fred, yasobanuye ko ihuriro ry’abashoramari bibumbiye muri CHIC (Champion Investment Corporation), rizubaka amacumbi ku butaka bungana na hegitari 5,5 ziri [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181805/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi mu kibanza cy’ahahahoze Gereza].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181805/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi |url-status=dead }}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Kuyisenya cyangwa kutayisenya], byaba ari amahitamo y’abafata ibyemezo, nk’uko n’ahandi bigenda iyo hari ikimenyetso cy’amateka gikuweho, kigasigara mu nyandiko n’amafoto gusa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Njye nsanga]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyi nyubako yabungabungwa, ikanegurirwa INMR kuko ariyo ishinzwe iby’umurage w’igihugu. Bikozwe bityo, INMR niyo yagena uko iyi nzu y’abagororwa n’imfungwa yitwa 1930 yavugururwa ikajya mu zindi “monuments” z’igihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka arambuye == [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Gereza ya mbere]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> yubakiwe [[abanyarwanda]] ariko ku nyungu z’Abakoloni b’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] n’Abadage bari barateye u [[Rwanda]] imigwi. Mu 1930 ni bwo yubatswe, izina rifata ubwo itangira kuba icumbi ry’abananiranye n’abigometse. Ni yo yazanye ubundi buryo bwo guhana abahamijwe ibyaha butari bumenyerewe, butandukanye n’[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uko byakorwaga mbere mu rwa Gasabo].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hambere, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Abanyarwanda bakosaga]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> barihanangirizwaga, bagatamazwa biciye mu buvanganzo nk’indirimbo n’ibindi, hari n’abacibwaga ihazabu; bikarangirira aho. Urutonde rw’abo yacumbikiye rwo ni rurerure. Ndakubwiza ukuri urebye hafi yawe aho, ukabaza mugenzi wawe arakubwira abake batatu, bisobanuye ko yakoze akazi gakomeye. Hari nk’amazina twese tuzi ya vuba cyangwa ya kera! Uhereye ku bari abayobozi bakomeye nka ba Pasiteri Bizimungu wabaye Perezida, Dr Leo Mugesera n’ubu ukiri muri gereza. Ufashe umwana ku ngufu wagombaga kumenya ko iza kuguha karibu, warya utw’abandi nabwo bikaba uko, wakwenderanya mu kabari n’ibindi... Yo nta mpuhwe yagiraga mu gihe [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video amategeko yabyemeje].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko ubuzima bwabaga bwifashe == Kugira ngo wumve neza [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video ubuzima bwo muri gereza]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref>, bigereranye n’ikindi gihugu. Hari umugororwa nigeze gusanga kwa muganga arambaza ati ‘inaha iwanyu mu gihugu se muraho?’.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuri we, Gereza ni mu kindi gihugu gifite amategeko akigenga. Haba imirenge, imidugudu, Umuyobozi w’Akagari n’izindi nzego nk’izo. Nko muri 1930 harimo Umurenge umwe witwa PCK. Wari ufite imidugudu myinshi ifite n’amazina ameze kimwe n’ayo hanze. Hari nk’umudugudu witwa uw’Amahoro [aho Kizito yabaga].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imyemerere ya muntu ni ikintu cy’ingenzi == Iyi gereza yari ifite [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video ahantu hihariye]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> abayisilamu basengeraga, [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] aho yari iri hateguye neza ku buryo haberaga misa mu buryo buhoraho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igice cyahariwe abana kirihariye == Muri 1930 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video abana bari munsi y’imyaka 18]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref>, bafungirwaga ahantu habo hihariye. Bari abana koko! Kuko n’ubu ubona amagambo bandikaga ku nkuta bakoresheje amakara, <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref>bagacishamo bakubahuka bakahandika ibitutsi n’ibindi. Mu yo nabonye ni nk’ayanditswe n’[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uwitwa Fabrice]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] wavuze ati “Twiteguye kuba imfungwa.” Undi we yandika aho yararaga ati “Iyi ni California, Biryogo”. Birashoboka ko umubare munini w’abari muri iki gice ari abana b’i Nyamirambo kuko usomye ku nkuta, uhasanga amazina y’uduce twaho ku buryo wakeka ko ariho benshi bakomokaga. Nasekejwe n’ibyanditswe na Hafashimana wagize ati “Ugenzwa na Mambo ntakagere hano.” Amazi muri iyi gereza ntiyajyaga abura kuko umunsi ku wundi abagororwa babashaga kubona uko bakora isuku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Iyo wa kosaga == Muri iyi gereza, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video hari kasho yashyirwagamo abagororwa]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> barenze ku mategeko, igizwe n’uturyango duto turenze 20. Buri kamwe kabaga gafite umuryango gusa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imibereho y'umurwayi == M[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uri kasho abagororwa basurwaga na bagenzi babo], ku buryo umwe yavugaga ati ‘umuntu twari duturanye ari muri kasho’ akajya kumusura amushyiriye nk’ifunguro. Iyi gereza kandi yari ifite ibitaro biha ubutabazi bw’ibanze abarwayi, abarembye bagahabwa inyandiko ‘transfert’ zibohereza mu bitaro byo hanze. Uwajyaga kwivuza arembye yashoboraga kurara mu bitaro bya gereza, afite n’umurwaza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igice cy’abagororwa mpuzamahanga kiruta inzu za benshi mu bwiza == Muri 1930 harimo igice cyafungirwagamo [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video abagororwa mpuzamahanga]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> babaga barazanywe mu Rwanda bavanywe mu bindi bihugu. Urugero ni nk’urwa Dr Leo Mugesera. Aho yari afungiye, Mugisha asobanura neza ko yajyaga ahajya agiye nko gukora amashanyarazi mu gihe hari ibibazo by’umuriro. Buri mugororwa muri iki gice, yabaga mu cyumba kinini cya wenyine. Kirimo uburiri bwiza, ameza n’intebe ku buryo agira icyo umuntu yakwita ibiro. Mu gihe abandi barebaga televiziyo muri rusange we yayirebaga uko ashatse kuko yabaga ayigengaho. Icyo cyumba cyabaga gisa neza, kirimo amakaro, gifite ubwiherero bugezweho, internet, amazi n’ibindi byose nkenerwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyifuzo == [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Ku muntu utarafungiwe muri 1930], nasoza mwifuriza kutazajya n’i Mageragere. Ku wagezeyo nawe, ntazasubireyo n’abari yo mbibifurije kugororoka vuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181520/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == 1.https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182057/https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl 2.http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en 3.https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi 4.http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en 5.https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-56414986 6.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video 7.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} rdp9fdz8jbgq38gfdt2qdbty3ynzc2i 0 9002 149172 148763 2026-11-07T17:22:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 149172 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!-- ==== IKAZE (HERO) ==== --> <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:16px;padding:28px 24px 22px;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0b5f8f 0%,#00A1DE 45%,#20603D 100%);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)"> <div style="font-size:1.05em;opacity:0.95">Murakaza neza kuri</div> <div style="font-family:Georgia,'Linux Libertine','Times New Roman',serif;font-size:2.6em;line-height:1.15;font-weight:700;margin:4px 0">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="font-size:1.08em;max-width:46em">Inkoranyabumenyi yubakwa n'abayikoresha, mu rurimi rwacu. Buri wese ashobora kuyisoma no kuyandikaho ku buntu.</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);font-size:1.05em">Ubu ifite ingingo '''[[Special:Statistics|<span style="color:#fff">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</span>]]''' zanditswe mu Kinyarwanda</div> <div style="margin-top:14px"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Random|<span style="color:#fff">🎲 Ingingo zidasanzwe</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:NewPages|<span style="color:#fff">🆕 Ingingo nshya</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:Categories|<span style="color:#fff">🗂️ Ibyiciro</span>]]</span><span style="display:inline-block;margin:4px 3px;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.18);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45)">[[Special:CreateAccount|<span style="color:#fff">✍️ Fungura konti</span>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:-30px;top:-30px;width:150px;height:150px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,#FAD201 0%,rgba(250,210,1,0.55) 45%,rgba(250,210,1,0) 70%)"></div> </div> <div style="height:6px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:6px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00A1DE 0%,#00A1DE {{#expr:(5+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(12+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#FAD201 {{#expr:(17+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D {{#expr:(22+({{#time:N|||1}}-1)*70/6) round 0}}%,#20603D 100%)"></div> <!-- ==== IMBUGA (PORTAILS) ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|alt=Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuhanzi, amateka, indimi</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|alt=Ubumenyi]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubumenyi|Ubumenyi]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubumenyi bwimbitse n’ibintu karemano</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|alt=Umuryango w'abantu]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Umuryango w'abantu|Umuryango w'abantu]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Politiki, ubukungu, idini</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|alt=Ikoranabuhanga]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ikoranabuhanga|Ikoranabuhanga]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Mudasobwa, ubwubatsi, inganda</div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 115px;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3)">[[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|48px|link=Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|alt=Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]<div style="font-weight:700;margin-top:6px">[[Wikipedia:Irembo/Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro|Ubuzima n'imyidagaduro]]</div><div style="font-size:0.85em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Siporo, ibiryo, umuziki</div></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO Y'ICYUMWERU + ISHUSHO ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:2 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <div> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">📖 Ingingo yatoranyijwe</h2> <!-- Ingingo zihinduka buri minota 20 (ibiyaga, ibihugu bya Afurika, intara n'uturere by'u Rwanda) --> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 1200) mod 128 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe]] '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki y'Igihugu ya Nyungwe]]''' (izwi kandi nka Ishyamba rya Nyungwe) ni pariki iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka w'u Burundi, aho ikomereza muri Pariki ya Kibira. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019, ikaba ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, kandi ni rimwe mu mashyamba y'imvura ya kera kurusha ayandi muri Afurika. Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:View of burera lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Burera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Burera]], hafi y’umupaka n’[[Ubugande]]. Ikiyaga cya Burera kiri hejuru y’[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]. Ibyo biyaga byombi byitwa ibiyaga by’impanga. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni kimwe mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika. Giherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'iburengerazuba rya Rift ya Afurika. Amazi yacyo asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rutemba rugana mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku kiyaga ni Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo exotic view 01.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], hafi y'umujyi wa Musanze. Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo n'[[Ikiyaga cya Burera]] byitwa «ibiyaga by'impanga». <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Ruhondo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|right|180px|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga]]''' ni pariki iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], ku mupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] na Sabyinyo. Izwi cyane ku isi kubera [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu birunga]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ihema.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cy'Ihema]] '''Ikiyaga cy'Ihema''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu majyepfo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Inkombe yacyo y'iburasirazuba ni umupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cy'Ihema ni cyo kiyaga kinini muri Pariki y'Akagera. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cy'Ihema|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|right|180px|link=Ikinyarwanda]] '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' ni ururimi gakondo rw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ijambo « ikinyarwanda » rishobora kandi gusobanura umuco n'imico ikomoka mu Rwanda. Kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu nkengero zarwo, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubugande. Gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikinyarwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]]. Gihana imbibi kandi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. Ikiyaga cya Mugesera gifite ubuso bwa km² 39. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Traditional food from Rwanda.jpg|right|180px|link=Umuganura]] '''[[Umuganura]]''' ni umuhango nyarwanda wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho Abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, mu bworozi no mu burumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango ni ugusigasira umurage w'u Rwanda, kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo n'igihugu. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Umuganura|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Sake).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Sake]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Sake]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Iki kiyaga gihana imbibi n'imirenge itatu: Sake, Jarama na Rukumberi. Ni ikiyaga gito kandi kidafite ubujyakuzimu burebure. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Sake|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|right|180px|link=Uruyuki]] '''[[Uruyuki]]''' (ubuke: inzuki; mu kilatini: ''Apis'') ni agasimba k'inigwahabiri kadafite amagufwa, gafite umubiri ugizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe, igituza n'inda. Ku mutwe hariho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha kumenya ibizikikije n'amaso manini abiri. Mu muzinga umwe hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uruyuki|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:Lakes of Burundi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Rweru]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru]]''' ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka w'ibihugu byombi, muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kiri mu Burundi. Amazi y'ikiyaga si maremare. Ikiyaga cya Rweru kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rweru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Muhazi Lake.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ni ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Igice kinini cyacyo kiri mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, naho impera yacyo y'iburengerazuba igakora umupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyaruguru na [[Kigali]]. Ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo amazi kiryamye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17845 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lakes Nasho Cyambwe Mpanga).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Nasho]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ndego|Murenge wa Ndego]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Nasho gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 13,7. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Maasai boys in hunting gear.jpg|right|180px|link=Abamasayi]] '''[[Abamasayi]]''' ni ubwoko bw'abantu batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya Kenya, no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bitewe n'aho batuye hafi ya pariki nyinshi zo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari bya Afurika, n'imigenzo yabo, imyambarire n'imitako byabo bwite. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Abamasayi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Lac Cohoha (redressé et recadré).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cohoha]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo''' (mu Burundi: Cohoha) ni ikiyaga gihuriweho n'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi|u Burundi]]. Kiri ku mupaka uhuza amajyepfo y'u Rwanda n'amajyaruguru y'u Burundi, mu gace ka Bugesera. Ikiyaga kigenda kigabanuka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:ISS012-E-17842 - View of Burundi (cropped Lake Cyohoha North).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru]] '''Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]. Kiri mu majyaruguru y'[[Ikiyaga cya Cohoha|Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyepfo]]. Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru cyakamye hafi ya cyose mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyohoha y'amajyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:The Mihindi Lake - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kiri hafi y'umupaka wa [[Tanzaniya]]. Ikiyaga cya Mihindi gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Mihindi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 18 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki y'Igihugu y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ni ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini muri pariki, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Ihema. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Rwanyakazinga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 19 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu Murenge wa Jenda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. Kiri hafi y'umuhanda wa kaburimbo uva i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] ujya i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Nyirakigugu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 20 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga]]''' ni ikiyaga gihangano cyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]. Cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2004. Amazi y'Ikiyaga cya Cyabayaga yuhira [[Umuceli|umuceri]]. Ikiyaga kirororerwamo [[amafi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya cyabayaga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 21 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu Murenge wa Nasho. Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe kiri hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Nasho]]. Kibamo amafi, imvubu n'ingona. Amazi yacyo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Cyambwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:Bisoke Crater View.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke]]''' ni ikiyaga kiri ku gasongero k'[[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]], mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Ni ikiyaga kiri mu mwobo w'ikirunga (''crater lake''). Ikiyaga cya Bisoke ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga mu Rwanda. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barakizamuka kugira ngo bakirebe. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Bisoke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:ISS006-E-24705 - View of Rwanda (cropped Lake Birira).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Ikiyaga cya Birira]] '''[[Ikiyaga cya Birira]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Birira kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cy'[[Umugezi wa Kagera|Akagera]] yo haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Birira|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 24 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Hago]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Hago gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 16,1. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo ntiburenga metero 5,8. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Hago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 25 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Karago]]''' ni ikiyaga gito cyo mu [[Rwanda]]. Giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ikiyaga cya Karago kiri ku butumburuke burenga m 2 300. Mu mwaka wa 2022, bashyizemo amagi y'amafi kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Karago|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 26 = '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba]]''' ni ikiyaga cyo mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kiri muri [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. Ikiyaga cya Kivumba kiri mu biyaga byo mu kibaya cyo hasi cy'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|umugezi w'Akagera]]. Ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivumba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 27 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|180x140px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Africa.svg|33px|link=Afurika y’Epfo]]</div></div> '''[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]''' ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Kigizwe n'intara icyenda. Gihana imbibi na [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambike]] na [[Eswatini]], kandi kizengurutse igihugu cya [[Lesoto]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Afurika y’Epfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|right|180x140px|link=Intara z’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara z’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego nini z’ubutegetsi bw’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. U Rwanda rufite intara enye n’[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara z’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 29 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|180x140px|link=Aligeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Algeria.svg|33px|link=Aligeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Aligeriya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 47,400,000 (2025), batuye ku buso bwa km² 2,381,741. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Aligeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 31 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Morro do Moco, Huambo, Angola.jpg|180x140px|link=Angola]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Angola.svg|33px|link=Angola]]</div></div> '''[[Angola]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Angola ikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Luanda. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Angola|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 33 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin.jpg|180x140px|link=Bene]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Benin.svg|33px|link=Bene]]</div></div> '''[[Bene]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1975, Bene yitwaga Dahomey. Umurwa mukuru ni Porto-Novo. Icyicaro cya guverinoma kiri i Cotonou. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Bene|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 35 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|180x140px|link=Botswana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|33px|link=Botswana]]</div></div> '''[[Botswana]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Botswana ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Gaborone]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Botswana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z’u Rwanda]]. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 37 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tiebele village in Burkina Faso 04.jpg|180x140px|link=Burukina Faso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|33px|link=Burukina Faso]]</div></div> '''[[Burukina Faso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Burukina Faso ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Wagadugu]]. Mbere y'umwaka wa 1984, iki gihugu cyitwaga Volta y'Haruguru. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Burukina Faso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara enye z'u Rwanda]]. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 39 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Well of the Young Girls in the Ennedi Mountains - northeastern Chad 2015.jpg|180x140px|link=Cade]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Chad.svg|33px|link=Cade]]</div></div> '''[[Cade]]''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Cade|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:RwandaDists.png|right|180x140px|link=Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] '''[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]''' ni inzego z’ubutegetsi z’[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ziri munsi y’intara. U Rwanda rufite uturere 30. Uturere 27 turi mu [[Intara z’u Rwanda|ntara]] enye. Uturere dutatu turi mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 41 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:An old house in the European quarter built during Italian Eritrea in the early 19th century in Asmara, Eritrea.jpg|180x140px|link=Eritereya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eritrea.svg|33px|link=Eritereya]]</div></div> '''[[Eritereya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eritereya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Lake view at gashora.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Bugesera]] '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Bugesera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 43 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mbabane Landscape.jpg|180x140px|link=Eswatini]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Eswatini.svg|33px|link=Eswatini]]</div></div> '''[[Eswatini]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyepfo. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Eswatini|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Burera]] '''[[Akarere ka Burera]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 644,5 km² n'abaturage 387 729. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Burera|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 45 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Addis Ababa (16314616596).jpg|180x140px|link=Etiyopiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|33px|link=Etiyopiya]]</div></div> '''[[Etiyopiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Etiyopiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:GAKENKE District.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gakenke]] '''[[Akarere ka Gakenke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 704,06 km² n'abaturage 365 292. Kagizwe n'imirenge 19. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gakenke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 47 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Éléphant du Gabon.jpg|180x140px|link=Gabon]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Gabon.svg|33px|link=Gabon]]</div></div> '''[[Gabon]]''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gabon|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gasabo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 430,3 km² n'abaturage 879 505. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gasabo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 49 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|180x140px|link=Gambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of The Gambia.svg|33px|link=Gambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Gambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''[[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 585,3 km² n'abaturage 551 164. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 51 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Accra General Post Office.jpg|180x140px|link=Gana]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Ghana.svg|33px|link=Gana]]</div></div> '''[[Gana]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gicumbi]] '''[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'iyi ntara. Umujyi wako mukuru ni [[Byumba]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 828,9 km² n'abaturage 448 824. Kagizwe n'imirenge 21. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 53 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Taxi Guinée.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:KabuyeGenocideMemorial12.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Gisagara]] '''[[Akarere ka Gisagara]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 397 051. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Gisagara|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 55 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Port of Malabo 1.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|33px|link=Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Kigizwe n'igice kiri ku mugabane n'ibirwa bitanu. Umurwa mukuru ni Ciudad de la Paz kuva mu 2026. Mbere, umurwa mukuru wari [[Malabo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Huye]] '''[[Akarere ka Huye]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 581,5 km² n'abaturage 381 900. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Huye|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 57 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Biso kotuwa.jpg|180x140px|link=Gineya-Biso]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|33px|link=Gineya-Biso]]</div></div> '''[[Gineya-Biso]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Gikora ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Biso]]. Ururimi rwemewe ni Igiporutigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Gineya-Biso|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 58 = [[Dosiye:A view of Nyabarongo river.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kamonyi]] '''[[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 655,5 km² n'abaturage 450 849. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 59 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lake Assal 1-Djibouti.jpg|180x140px|link=Jibuti]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Djibouti.svg|33px|link=Jibuti]]</div></div> '''[[Jibuti]]''' ni igihugu cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Jibuti ihana imbibi na [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. Jibuti ikora ku Kigobe cya Aden. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni umujyi wa Jibuti. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Jibuti|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 60 = [[Dosiye:Kibuye view.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Karongi]] '''[[Akarere ka Karongi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 993 km² n'abaturage 373 869. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Karongi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 61 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Cameroon, Buea in the wee hours of a clear morning.jpg|180x140px|link=Kameruni]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cameroon.svg|33px|link=Kameruni]]</div></div> '''[[Kameruni]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni Yaoundé. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kameruni|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 62 = [[Dosiye:Wild sunset.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kayonza]] '''[[Akarere ka Kayonza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 935 km² n'abaturage 457 156. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. Ni amarembo ya [[Pariki y'Akagera]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kayonza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 63 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Satellite image of Cape Verde in December 2002.jpg|180x140px|link=Kapu Veri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|33px|link=Kapu Veri]]</div></div> '''[[Kapu Veri]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. Kiri ku kilometero bigera kuri 600 uvuye ku nkombe ya [[Senegali]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Praia. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kapu Veri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 64 = [[Dosiye:Gahanga Cricket Oval in Kicukiro.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kicukiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Kicukiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 166,7 km² n'abaturage 491 731. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 65 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mount Kenya.jpg|180x140px|link=Kenya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|33px|link=Kenya]]</div></div> '''[[Kenya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Nairobi]]. Indimi zemewe ni Igiswahili n'Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kenya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 66 = [[Dosiye:ICYUZI.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Kirehe]] '''[[Akarere ka Kirehe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gaherereye mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 118,5 km² n'abaturage 460 860. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Kirehe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 67 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Shores Moroni.jpg|180x140px|link=Komore]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Comoros.svg|33px|link=Komore]]</div></div> '''[[Komore]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri hagati ya [[Madagasikari]] na [[Mozambike]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Moroni]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Komore|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 68 = [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Muhanga]] '''[[Akarere ka Muhanga]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 647,7 km² n'abaturage 369 491. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Muhanga|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 69 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Congo Brazzaville 2014.png|180x140px|link=Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Kongo]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati, giherereye iburengerazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa Kongo Brazzaville. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 70 = [[Dosiye:This picture was taken in Musanze District which is location in the Northern Province of Rwanda 03.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Musanze]] '''[[Akarere ka Musanze]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 530,2 km² n'abaturage 476 522. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Musanze|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 71 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 12.jpg|180x140px|link=Kote Divuwari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|33px|link=Kote Divuwari]]</div></div> '''[[Kote Divuwari]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kote Divuwari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 72 = [[Dosiye:Sholi horizon (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngoma]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngoma]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri i Kibungo. Gafite ubuso bwa 867,74 km² n'abaturage 404 048. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngoma|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 73 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Katse Dam.jpg|180x140px|link=Lesoto]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Lesotho.svg|33px|link=Lesoto]]</div></div> '''[[Lesoto]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyepfo. Kizengurutswe na [[Afurika y’Epfo]] impande zose. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Maseru]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Lesoto|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 74 = [[Dosiye:Ibyiza bitatse akarere ka Ngororero (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ngororero]] '''[[Akarere ka Ngororero]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kagizwe n'imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Gafite ubuso bwa 679 km² n'abaturage 367 955. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ngororero|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 75 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Monrovia 3348917715 67a2002529.jpg|180x140px|link=Liberiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Liberia.svg|33px|link=Liberiya]]</div></div> '''[[Liberiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru ni Monrovia. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Liberiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 76 = [[Dosiye:Gusarura Icyayi.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibiro byako biri mu Murenge wa Mukamira. Gafite ubuso bwa 531,5 km² n'abaturage 319 047. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 77 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tripoli Skyline edit.jpg|180x140px|link=Libiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|33px|link=Libiya]]</div></div> '''[[Libiya]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Amajyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru ni Tripoli. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu. Igice kinini cy'igihugu kiri mu butayu bwa Sahara. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Libiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 78 = [[Dosiye:Vache de Nyagatare 3.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyagatare]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyagatare]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi na [[Ubugande]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 919 km² n'abaturage 653 861. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 79 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Allée des Baobabs near Morondava, Madagascar.jpg|180x140px|link=Madagasikari]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|33px|link=Madagasikari]]</div></div> '''[[Madagasikari]]''' ni igihugu kiri ku kirwa mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. Kiri hafi y'inkombe y'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Afurika]]. Umurwa mukuru ni [[Antananarivo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Madagasikari|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 80 = [[Dosiye:Hills of Nyamagabe in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 090 km² n'abaturage 371 501. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 81 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|180x140px|link=Malawi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Malawi.svg|33px|link=Malawi]]</div></div> '''[[Malawi]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Malawi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 82 = [[Dosiye:Lake kivu.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 174 km² n'abaturage 434 221. Kagizwe n'imirenge 15. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 83 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|180x140px|link=Mali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|33px|link=Mali]]</div></div> '''[[Mali]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Mali ntikora ku nyanja. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni [[Bamako]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 84 = [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyanza]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kazwi nk'igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bwa 671,2 km² n'abaturage 365 718. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyanza|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 85 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Maroke]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Morocco.svg|33px|link=Maroke]]</div></div> '''[[Maroke]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Maroke|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 86 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 134 km² n'abaturage 374 319. Kagizwe n'imirenge 10. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 87 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:All Gizah Pyramids.jpg|180x140px|link=Misiri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Egypt.svg|33px|link=Misiri]]</div></div> '''[[Misiri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Misiri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 88 = [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 010 km² n'abaturage 318 126. Kagizwe n'imirenge 14. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 89 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-42-31.jpg|180x140px|link=Morise]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritius.svg|33px|link=Morise]]</div></div> '''[[Morise]]''' ni igihugu kigizwe n'ibirwa mu Nyanja y'Ubuhinde. Kiri mu burasirazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Port Louis]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Morise|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 90 = [[Dosiye:Kivu,Goma and Rubavu On Rwanda Side.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rubavu]] '''[[Akarere ka Rubavu]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], ku mupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 388,3 km² n'abaturage 546 683. Kagizwe n'imirenge 12. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rubavu|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 91 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|180x140px|link=Moritaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mauritania.svg|33px|link=Moritaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Moritaniya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Moritaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 92 = [[Dosiye:Morning fogs (cropped).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Ruhango]] '''[[Akarere ka Ruhango]]''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 628,8 km² n'abaturage 359 121. Kagizwe n'imirenge 9. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Ruhango|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 93 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mozambique - traditional sailboat.jpg|180x140px|link=Mozambike]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|33px|link=Mozambike]]</div></div> '''[[Mozambike]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Mozambike|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 94 = [[Dosiye:Ikirenge museum Rulindo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rulindo]] '''[[Akarere ka Rulindo]]''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 567 km² n'abaturage 360 144. Kagizwe n'imirenge 17. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rulindo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 95 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017.jpg|180x140px|link=Namibiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Namibia.svg|33px|link=Namibiya]]</div></div> '''[[Namibiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Namibiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 96 = [[Dosiye:Rwandan beautifull hills at Cyangugu, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rusizi]] '''[[Akarere ka Rusizi]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gahana imbibi n'[[Uburundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 940,95 km² n'abaturage 485 529. Kagizwe n'imirenge 18. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rusizi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 97 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque cropped.jpg|180x140px|link=Nigeri]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Niger.svg|33px|link=Nigeri]]</div></div> '''[[Nigeri|Nijeri]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nigeri|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 98 = [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rutsiro]] '''[[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Kari ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Gafite ubuso bwa 1 157,3 km² n'abaturage 369 180. Kagizwe n'imirenge 13. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 99 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Zuma Rock.jpg|180x140px|link=Nijeriya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|33px|link=Nijeriya]]</div></div> '''[[Nijeriya]]''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika ya Federasiyo ya Nijeriya''', ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Abuja]], naho umujyi wacyo munini ni Lagos. Ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bunini kuri uyu mugabane. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Nijeriya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 100 = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Akarere ka Rwamagana]] '''[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]''' ni kamwe mu turere turindwi tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ko karimo icyicaro cy'Intara. Umujyi mukuru wako ni [[Rwamagana]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 101 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Vue Kinshasa.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|33px|link=Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati. Kizwi kandi ku izina rya Kongo-Kinshasa. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kinshasa]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 102 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|180x140px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|33px|link=Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]</div></div> '''[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 103 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:View from Virunga Lodge in Rwanda of Mount Muhavura.jpg|180x140px|link=Rwanda]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|33px|link=Rwanda]]</div></div> '''[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]]''' ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba, mu karere k’[[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga bigari]]. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni [[Kigali]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 104 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3).jpg|180x140px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|33px|link=Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]</div></div> '''[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 105 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal.JPG|180x140px|link=Senegali]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Senegal.svg|33px|link=Senegali]]</div></div> '''[[Senegali]]''' ni [[igihugu]] cyo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dakar. Senegali ihana imbibi na [[Moritaniya]], [[Mali]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso]] n'Inyanja ya Atalantika. Igihugu cya [[Gambiya]] kiri hafi ya cyose imbere muri Senegali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Senegali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 106 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Fishing in Seychelles.jpg|180x140px|link=Seyishele]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|33px|link=Seyishele]]</div></div> '''[[Seyishele]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Seyishele|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 107 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Sierra Leone National Stadium.jpg|180x140px|link=Siyera Lewone]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|33px|link=Siyera Lewone]]</div></div> '''[[Siyera Lewone]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Siyera Lewone|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 108 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:MogadishuHeadquarters.jpeg|180x140px|link=Somaliya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Somalia.svg|33px|link=Somaliya]]</div></div> '''[[Somaliya]]''' ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Somaliya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 109 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Khartoum Teaching Hospital 001.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 110 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Mundari tribe in South Sudan.jpg|180x140px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of South Sudan.svg|33px|link=Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]</div></div> '''[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 111 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Dar es salaam City.jpg|180x140px|link=Tanzaniya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|33px|link=Tanzaniya]]</div></div> '''[[Tanzaniya]]''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Umusozi wa [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]], umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tanzaniya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 112 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Monument of independence Lomé 1968.jpg|180x140px|link=Togo]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|33px|link=Togo]]</div></div> '''[[Togo]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Togo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 113 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Downtown Tunis.jpg|180x140px|link=Tunisiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Tunisia.svg|33px|link=Tunisiya]]</div></div> '''[[Tunisiya]]''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Tunisiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 114 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Yoweri K. Museveni (portrait, 2018).jpg|180x140px|link=Ubugande]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|33px|link=Ubugande]]</div></div> '''[[Ubugande]]''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''', '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Ubugande|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 115 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|180x140px|link=Uburundi]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|33px|link=Uburundi]]</div></div> '''[[Uburundi]]''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Uburundi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 116 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Lusaka City Transport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zambiya]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zambia.svg|33px|link=Zambiya]]</div></div> '''[[Zambiya]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zambiya|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 117 = <div style="float:right;position:relative;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.8em;line-height:0">[[Dosiye:Harare International Airport.jpg|180x140px|link=Zimbabwe]]<div style="position:absolute;top:5px;right:5px;line-height:0;opacity:0.85;box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6)">[[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|33px|link=Zimbabwe]]</div></div> '''[[Zimbabwe]]''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Zimbabwe|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 118 = [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Kigali]] '''[[Kigali]]''' ni umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Kigali iri hagati mu gihugu. Kigali yabaye umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge muri 1962. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Kigali|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 119 = [[Dosiye:Lake Ruhondo.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] '''[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Ibiro byayo biri mu Akarere ka Musanze. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 120 = [[Dosiye:Southern Province, Rwanda.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'amajyepfo]] '''[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z’u Rwanda. Iri mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Nyanza. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 121 = [[Dosiye:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Karere ka Karongi. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 122 = [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] '''[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]''' ni imwe mu ntara enye z'u Rwanda. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Rwamagana. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 123 = [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo bridge photo.JPG|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]]''' (Ministry of Infrastructure, MININFRA) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe politiki y'ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu hose. Ibyo bikorwa remezo ni ubwikorezi, ingufu, amazi n'isukura, n'imiturire. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 124 = [[Dosiye:Memorial to Members of Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Murdered in 1994 Genocide - Kigali - Rwanda (9024670933).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu]]''' (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, MINECOFIN) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe imari ya Leta n'igenamigambi ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu Akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu mujyi wa Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 125 = [[Dosiye:MINEDUC (ministry education) (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] '''[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'Uburezi]]''' (Ministry of Education, MINEDUC) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe uburezi mu gihugu. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 126 = [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi]]''' (Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n'ubworozi. Intego yayo ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rugire umutekano w'ibiribwa. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Soma byinshi →]]</div> | 127 = [[Dosiye:Ministry of Health building, Kigali (straightened).jpg|right|180x140px|link=Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]] '''[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Minisiteri y'Ubuzima]]''' (Ministry of Health, MINISANTE) ni minisiteri ya Leta y'u Rwanda. Ishinzwe guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abaturage. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Kigali. <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Soma byinshi →]]</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo}} </div> </div><!-- Ibindi bimera: byuzuza umwanya usigaye iruhande rw'ishusho; ibitagiramo umwanya birahishwa --> <div style="flex:1 1 0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;align-content:flex-start;overflow:hidden"> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|1}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|2}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|3}} </div> <div style="width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ingingo|4}} </div> </div> </div> <div style="flex:1 1 260px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #C99A00;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#C99A00">📷 Ishusho y'umunsi</h2> <div style="overflow:hidden"> {{#switch: {{#expr: floor({{#time:U}} / 86400) mod 58 }} | 0 = [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE CLOUDS.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ibicu hejuru y'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 1 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (Gorilla beringei beringei) — reba Ingagi zo mu birunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi y'ingore yo mu birunga (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') — reba [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</div> | 2 = [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu at dawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ikiyaga cya Kivu|alt=Umuseke ku Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Umuseke ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</div> | 3 = [[Dosiye:Golden monkey (Cercopithecus kandti) eating.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|alt=Inkende y'izahabu (Cercopithecus kandti) irya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Inkende y'izahabu (''Cercopithecus kandti'') irya</div> | 4 = [[Dosiye:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|alt=Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</div> | 5 = [[Dosiye:Rough chameleon (Trioceros rudis).jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Uruvu|alt=Uruvu (Trioceros rudis) rwo mu Rwanda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Uruvu (''Trioceros rudis'') rwo mu Rwanda</div> | 6 = [[Dosiye:Where tea meets primary rainforest in Nyungwe.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Pariki ya Nyungwe|alt=Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Aho imirima y'icyayi ihurira n'ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]</div> | 7 = [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) yawn.jpg|center|frameless|upright=1.6|link=Ingagi zo mu birunga|alt=Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">Ingagi yo mu birunga yasamye</div> | 8 = [[Dosiye:Aeroport Houari Boumediene IMG 1362.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Houari Boumediene|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Houari Boumediene]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Houari Boumediene]] (Algiers)</div> | 9 = [[Dosiye:Cairo Int. Airport - NASA.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kayiro|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kayiro]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kayiro]] (Kayiro)</div> | 10 = [[Dosiye:MiG23s (12573874093).jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mitiga|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mitiga]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mitiga]] (Tripoli)</div> | 11 = [[Dosiye:مطار نواكشوط الدولي ام التونسي.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nouakchott–Oumtounsy|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nouakchott–Oumtounsy]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nouakchott–Oumtounsy]] (Nouakchott)</div> | 12 = [[Dosiye:Mohammed V International Airport. August 2017.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mohammed V|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mohammed V]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mohammed V]] (Casablanca)</div> | 13 = [[Dosiye:AeroportTunisCarthage.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tunis–Carthage|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tunis–Carthage]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tunis–Carthage]] (Tunis)</div> | 14 = [[Dosiye:Benin Golf Air McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 Mutzair.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege cya Bernardin Gantin|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege cya Bernardin Gantin]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege cya Bernardin Gantin]] (Cotonou)</div> | 15 = [[Dosiye:Plane in Ouagadougou.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Thomas Sankara|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Thomas Sankara]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Thomas Sankara]] (Wagadugu)</div> | 16 = [[Dosiye:Praia International Airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nelson Mandela|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nelson Mandela]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nelson Mandela]] (Praia)</div> | 17 = [[Dosiye:Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY INT. AIRPORT. ABIDJAN - panoramio.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Félix-Houphouët-Boigny|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Félix-Houphouët-Boigny]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Félix-Houphouët-Boigny]] (Abidjan)</div> | 18 = [[Dosiye:Kotoka International Airport, Accra, Ghana.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Accra|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Accra]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Accra]] (Accra)</div> | 19 = [[Dosiye:Entre de l'aéroport de Conakry.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ahmed Sékou Touré|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ahmed Sékou Touré]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ahmed Sékou Touré]] (Conakry)</div> | 20 = [[Dosiye:Aeroporto Internacional Osvaldo Vieira Bissau.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Osvaldo Vieira|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Osvaldo Vieira]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Osvaldo Vieira]] (Biso)</div> | 21 = [[Dosiye:Roberts International Airport.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Roberts|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Roberts]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Roberts]] (Monrovia)</div> | 22 = [[Dosiye:L'aéroport international Président Modibo Keïta de Bamako-Senou.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Modibo Keïta|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Modibo Keïta]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Modibo Keïta]] (Bamako)</div> | 23 = [[Dosiye:Niameyairport 2005 crop.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Diori Hamani|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Diori Hamani]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Diori Hamani]] (Niamey)</div> | 24 = [[Dosiye:Abuja Airport Iwelumo-1.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nnamdi Azikiwe|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nnamdi Azikiwe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Nnamdi Azikiwe]] (Abuja)</div> | 25 = [[Dosiye:Blaise Diagne1.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Blaise Diagne|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Blaise Diagne]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Blaise Diagne]] (Dakar)</div> | 26 = [[Dosiye:New Freetown International Airport airside.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Freetown|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Freetown]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Freetown]] (Freetown)</div> | 27 = [[Dosiye:Lome.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] (Lomé)</div> | 28 = [[Dosiye:BujumburaAirport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Melchior Ndadaye|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Melchior Ndadaye]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Melchior Ndadaye]] (Bujumbura)</div> | 29 = [[Dosiye:Bangui airport 2.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bangui M'Poko|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bangui M'Poko]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bangui M'Poko]] (Bangui)</div> | 30 = [[Dosiye:N'Djamena International Airport, Chad.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'Djamena|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'Djamena]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'Djamena]] (N'Djamena)</div> | 31 = [[Dosiye:Aeroport maya-maya.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Maya-Maya|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Maya-Maya]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Maya-Maya]] (Brazzaville)</div> | 32 = [[Dosiye:KIH01.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'djili|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'djili]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya N'djili]] (Kinshasa)</div> | 33 = [[Dosiye:Aeropuerto de Malabo.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Malabo|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Malabo]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Malabo]] (Malabo)</div> | 34 = [[Dosiye:B777 d'Air France à LBV.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Léon-Mba|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Léon-Mba]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Léon-Mba]] (Libreville)</div> | 35 = [[Dosiye:Sao Tome Airport 1 (15627228594).jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya São Tomé|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya São Tomé]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya São Tomé]] (São Tomé)</div> | 36 = [[Dosiye:Air Tanzania B737 at Hahaya Airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Prince Said Ibrahim|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Prince Said Ibrahim]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Prince Said Ibrahim]] (Moroni)</div> | 37 = [[Dosiye:Djibouti airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Djibouti–Ambouli|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Djibouti–Ambouli]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Djibouti–Ambouli]] (Jibuti)</div> | 38 = [[Dosiye:Eritrean Airlines Boeing 767-200ER UR-SDV-1.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Asmara]] (Asmara)</div> | 39 = [[Dosiye:Aeropuerto Internacional Bole 2022 3.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bole]] (Addis Ababa)</div> | 40 = [[Dosiye:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA).jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jomo Kenyatta|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jomo Kenyatta]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jomo Kenyatta]] (Nairobi)</div> | 41 = [[Dosiye:Ivato Intl Airport Antananarivo Madagascar.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ivato|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ivato]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ivato]] (Antananarivo)</div> | 42 = [[Dosiye:Mauritius 23.08.2009 11-29-57.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam]] (Port Louis)</div> | 43 = [[Dosiye:KigaliAirport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali]] (Kigali)</div> | 44 = [[Dosiye:Mahe International Airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Seyishele|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Seyishele]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Seyishele]] (Victoria)</div> | 45 = [[Dosiye:Mogadishu International Airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Aden Adde|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Aden Adde]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Aden Adde]] (Mogadishu)</div> | 46 = [[Dosiye:SPAF Mi17 helicopters at Juba Airport January 2011.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Juba|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Juba]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Juba]] (Juba)</div> | 47 = [[Dosiye:Khartoum(airport)-HSSS-KRT.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Khartoum|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Khartoum]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Khartoum]] (Khartoum)</div> | 48 = [[Dosiye:D80-2007-03-26 25.JPG|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Julius Nyerere|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Julius Nyerere]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Julius Nyerere]] (Dar es Salaam)</div> | 49 = [[Dosiye:Fly540 ATR42 at Entebbe.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Entebbe|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Entebbe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Entebbe]] (Entebbe)</div> | 50 = [[Dosiye:Construction site Angola International Airport1.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Dr. António Agostinho Neto|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Dr. António Agostinho Neto]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Dr. António Agostinho Neto]] (Luanda)</div> | 51 = [[Dosiye:KhamaInterior.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seretse Khama|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seretse Khama]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sir Seretse Khama]] (Gaborone)</div> | 52 = [[Dosiye:King Mswati III International Airport - Terminal.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cy’Umwami Mswati III|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cy’Umwami Mswati III]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cy’Umwami Mswati III]] (Manzini)</div> | 53 = [[Dosiye:Maseru airport (4019614223).jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Moshoeshoe I|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Moshoeshoe I]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Moshoeshoe I]] (Maseru)</div> | 54 = [[Dosiye:Hosea Kutako International Airport, Namibia.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Hosea Kutako|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Hosea Kutako]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Hosea Kutako]] (Windhoek)</div> | 55 = [[Dosiye:Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya O. R. Tambo|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya O. R. Tambo]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya O. R. Tambo]] (Johannesburg)</div> | 56 = [[Dosiye:Lusaka International Airport, Zambia - entrance, 2015.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kenneth Kaunda|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kenneth Kaunda]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kenneth Kaunda]] (Lusaka)</div> | 57 = [[Dosiye:Harare International Airport.jpg|center|frameless|upright 1.6|link=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Robert Gabriel Mugabe|alt=Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Robert Gabriel Mugabe]] <div style="text-align:center;font-size:0.95em;margin-top:0.5em">[[Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Robert Gabriel Mugabe]] (Harare)</div> }} <div style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);margin-top:1em;padding-top:0.9em"> <div style="font-size:0.9em;font-weight:700;color:#20603D;margin-bottom:0.4em;text-align:center">🌺 Ibimera n'indabo byo mu Rwanda</div> {{Intangiriro/Ibimera|ishusho}} </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== WARI UZI KO + FASHA ==== --> <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:16px 0"> <div style="flex:1 1 440px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #20603D;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#20603D">💡 Wari uzi ko…</h2> {{#ifexpr: {{#expr: {{CURRENTWEEK}} mod 2 }} = 0 | * … ko '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]''' ari ryo shyamba rinini risigaye mu Rwanda, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1 019? * … ko '''[[Umuganura]]''' wizihizwa ku wa Gatanu wa mbere w'ukwezi kwa Kanama? * … ko '''[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]''' irinda ibirunga bitanu by'urunigi rwa Virunga? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kivugwa no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? * … ko '''[[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]]''' ari cyo kirunga kirekire kurusha ibindi mu birunga bya Virunga, gifite metero 4 507? * … ko '''[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' gifitanye isano ya hafi n'[[Ikirundi]]? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' kiri ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]? | * … ko kuva muri Nzeri 2023 '''[[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]''' iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO? * … ko amazi y''''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' asohoka mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi, akajya mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika? * … ko mu muzinga umwe w''''[[Uruyuki|inzuki]]''' hashobora kubamo ingabo zigera ku 1 500 zigaburirwa n'intazi? * … ko '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' ziri mu bwoko bw'inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi? * … ko '''[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]]''' ari ikiyaga kirekire giherereye mu burasirazuba bw'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]? * … ko '''[[Abamasayi]]''' batuye muri Kenya no mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya? * … ko uturere tw'u Rwanda dukora ku '''[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ari Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Karongi na Nyamasheke? }} </div> <div style="flex:1 1 320px;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #7A4BB0;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#7A4BB0">🤝 Fasha Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda ikeneye abanditsi! Ushobora gutangira uyu munsi: <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">1</span><div>[[Special:CreateAccount|Fungura konti]] ku buntu (si itegeko, ariko birafasha).</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">2</span><div>Kosora amakosa, wongere amakuru n'[[Ubufasha:Footnotes|inkomoko]] mu ngingo zisanzwe.</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">3</span><div>Hindura ingingo ziva mu zindi ndimi ukoresheje [[Special:ContentTranslation|igikoresho cyo guhindura]].</div></div> <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;margin:8px 0"><span style="flex:0 0 26px;height:26px;line-height:26px;text-align:center;border-radius:50%;background:#20603D;color:#fff;font-weight:700">4</span><div>Kwitoza mbere: gerageza ku [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|rupapuro rw'igerageza]].</div></div> <div style="margin-top:10px;font-size:0.92em">[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Urubuga rw'abanditsi]] · [[Special:RecentChanges|Impinduka ziheruka]] · [[Special:WantedPages|Ingingo zikenewe]]</div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIKUNZWE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #00A1DE;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#00A1DE">⭐ Ingingo zasomye cyane</h2> <div style="line-height:2.1"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Burundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Nijeriya]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Afurika y’Epfo]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikawa]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ikirundi]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Fred Rwigema]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[SIDA]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Ubukirisitu]]</span> <span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 3px;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-progressive--hover,#a3c4f5)">[[Islamu]]</span></div> </div> <!-- ==== INGINGO ZIHERUTSE ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #3366CC;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#3366CC">✨ Ingingo ziherutse <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal">([{{fullurl:Intangiriro|action=purge}} <span style="color:#C99700;font-weight:600">⟳ Vugurura</span>])</span></h2> <templatestyles src="Inyandikorugero:Ingingo ziherutse/styles.css" /><div class="ingingo-ziherutse" style="max-height:11em;overflow-y:auto;column-width:18em;column-gap:2em;column-rule:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.5"> {{Special:NewPages|limit=30|namespace=0|hideredirs=1}} </div> <div style="text-align:right;font-size:0.92em;margin-top:0.6em;font-weight:600">[[Special:NewPages|Reba izindi ngingo ziherutse →]]</div> </div> <!-- ==== IMISHINGA YA WIKIMEDIA ==== --> <div style="flex:1 1 100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#dadde3);border-top:4px solid #72777d;border-radius:12px;padding:0.4em 1.2em 1em;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);margin-top:16px"> <h2 style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:700;border-bottom:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.6em;padding:0;color:#54595d">🌐 Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya</h2> Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation|Fondasiyo ya Wikimediya]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu unacunga n'indi mishinga y'ubuntu: <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 12px;margin-top:8px"> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Commons-logo.svg|36px|link=commons:|alt=Commons]]<div>'''[[commons:|Commons]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amafoto n’amajwi by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikidata-logo.svg|36px|link=d:|alt=Wikidata]]<div>'''[[d:|Wikidata]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ububiko bw’amakuru</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wiktionary-logo.svg|36px|link=wikt:|alt=Wiktionary]]<div>'''[[wikt:|Wiktionary]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inkoranyamagambo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiquote-logo.svg|36px|link=q:|alt=Wikiquote]]<div>'''[[q:|Wikiquote]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amagambo yavuzwe</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikibooks-logo.svg|36px|link=b:|alt=Wikibooks]]<div>'''[[b:|Wikibooks]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ibitabo by’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikisource-logo.svg|36px|link=s:|alt=Wikisource]]<div>'''[[s:|Wikisource]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Inyandiko z’umwimerere</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikispecies-logo.svg|36px|link=species:|alt=Wikispecies]]<div>'''[[species:|Wikispecies]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|36px|link=v:|alt=Wikiversity]]<div>'''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Kwiga ku buntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg|36px|link=voy:|alt=Wikivoyage]]<div>'''[[voy:|Wikivoyage]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Ubuyobozi bw’ingendo</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikinews-logo.svg|36px|link=n:|alt=Wikinews]]<div>'''[[n:|Wikinews]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Amakuru y’ubuntu</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|36px|link=m:|alt=Meta-Wiki]]<div>'''[[m:|Meta-Wiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Guhuza imishinga</span></div></div> <div style="flex:1 1 210px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:6px 4px">[[Dosiye:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|36px|link=mw:|alt=MediaWiki]]<div>'''[[mw:|MediaWiki]]'''<br /><span style="font-size:0.88em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">Porogaramu ya wiki</span></div></div> </div> </div> <!-- ==== MU ZINDI NDIMI ==== --> <div style="text-align:center;margin:18px 0 6px;font-size:0.95em;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)">'''Wikipediya mu zindi ndimi:'''<br />[[:rn:|Ikirundi]] · [[:sw:|Igiswahili]] · [[:lg:|Luganda]] · [[:ln:|Lingala]] · [[:af:|Icyafurikansi]] · [[:ha:|Igihawusa]] · [[:ig:|Icyigibo]] · [[:wo:|Ikiwolofu]] · [[:ar:|Icyarabu]]<br />[[:fr:|Igifaransa]] · [[:en:|Icyongereza]] · [[:de:|Ikidage]] · [[:es:|Icyesipanyolo]] · [[:nl:|Igiholandi]]</div> 05yv2s7af5jujajs97qgnt1vig0jiea 0 9322 149259 149010 2026-11-07T19:44:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Have You Seen Drum Recently?''''' ni filime mbarankuru yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] yo mu 1989. Yayobowe na Jürgen Schadeberg. Ivuga ku kinyamakuru ''Drum'' cyo mu myaka ya 1950. Ikoresha amafoto n'amashusho yo mu bubiko bwa ''Drum''. Iyi filime yerekana ubuzima bw'umuco na politiki bw'abirabura bo mu mijyi mu gihe cy'ivanguramoko. Igaragaramo [[Nelson Mandela]] na [[Miriam Makeba]]. == Ibikubiyemo == ''Have You Seen Drum Recently?'' yasohotse mu 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975 |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? (1989) |website=British Film Institute |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125131/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.film/have-you-seen-drum-recently-a-documentary-by-drum-photographer-jurgen-schadeberg/ |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? A documentary by Drum photographer Jürgen Schadeberg |website=africa.film |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125132/https://africa.film/have-you-seen-drum-recently-a-documentary-by-drum-photographer-jurgen-schadeberg/ |archive-date=2021-11-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikoresha amafoto yo mu bubiko bw'ikinyamakuru ''Drum''. Ivuga ku buzima bw'umuco na politiki bwa Afurika y'Epfo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senscritique.com/film/Have_You_Seen_Drum_Recently/8468743 |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? (1989) |website=SensCritique |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu myaka ya 1950, ''Drum'' yandikaga ku birabura bo mu mijyi. Babaga mu gihugu cyiganjemo ivanguramoko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-of-the-most-controversial-films-from-south-africa/ |title=10 of the most controversial films from south africa |website=Culture Trip |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125144/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-of-the-most-controversial-films-from-south-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ikinyamakuru cyandikaga ku muziki wa jazz, ku byaha, ku nkuru z'impimbano no kuri siporo.<ref name="jm">{{Cite web |url=https://www.journeyman.tv/film/3007/have-you-seen-drum-recently |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? |website=Journeyman Pictures |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/africas-media-empire-drums-expansion-to-nigeria/6F12716179FE7050F0313CD1900914BE</ref> Filime yerekana Oliver Tambo ari umunyamategeko.<ref name="jm" /> Yerekana Trevor Huddleston arwanya isenywa rya Sophiatown. Yerekana kandi Nelson Mandela ari mu bakinnyi b'iteramakofe. Harimo na Albert Luthuli, wahawe Igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, n'umuririmbyi Miriam Makeba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://streampriser.dk/film/471d6960-36c2-437b-800d-26779b5966e8/have-you-seen-drum-recently |title=Have You Seen Drum Recently? |website=Streampriser |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125143/https://streampriser.dk/film/471d6960-36c2-437b-800d-26779b5966e8/have-you-seen-drum-recently |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuziki wa filime ni uwo mu myaka ya 1950: jazz, swing, kwela na ''penny whistle''.<ref>https://alchetron.com/Have-You-Seen-Drum-Recently</ref> Filime imara iminota 77. Yakozwe na sosiyete The Schadeberg Movie Company.<ref name="jm" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Have You Seen Drum Recently}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] 3384jokn6slvvjykw18vlxgck1i87w0 0 9616 149325 125308 2026-11-07T20:27:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annoncée Manirarora''' (wavutse ku ya 30 Kamena 1976) ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], kuri ubu akaba umwe mu bagize [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|umutwe w'abadepite]] mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MPs Profile 2018-2023 |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203103208/http://parliament.gov.rw:80/index.php?id=131 |archive-date=2019-02-03 |access-date=May 5, 2020 |website=Republic of Rwanda Parliament}}</ref><ref>https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/karongi-inama-njyanama-isanzwe</ref> Manirarora ni umwe mu bagize [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugaga rwo gukunda igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] . Intara ayobora ni [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]] n' [[Akarere ka Ngororero]].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/abahembera-ingengabitekerezo-ya-jenoside-ntibatuneshe-depite-manirarora</ref> Manirarora mbere yakoraga mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Muryango w'Abibumbye]] kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bushakashatsi no gukumira Jenoside. == Incamake == Annoncée Manirarora (wavutse ku ya 30 Kamena 1976) ni '''umunyapolitiki mu Rwanda''', kuri ubu akaba umwe mu bagize umutwe w'abadepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda. Manirarora ni umwe mu bagize urugaga rwo gukunda igihugu cy'u Rwanda. Intara ye nintara yuburengerazuba naho akarere ke ni Akarere ka Ngororero.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/abadepite-batatu-barimo-hon-dr-frank-habineza-bakoze-impanuka-ikomeye-136535</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} o4qi0vitk8yv38nlc6r6chsnha2qv91 0 9636 149307 135788 2026-11-07T20:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fogo, Cape Verde Islands.jpg|thumb|julio silvao yavukiye muri cape verde]] '''Júlio Silvão Tavares''' (yavutse 1959), niUmukinnyi wa firime muri [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verdean]] . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/785992.html</ref> <ref>http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/cabo-verde/147-julio-silvao-tavares</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva mu 1979, yize umuco gakondo wa Cape-verdean, aho yashinze Itsinda rya Theatre Experimental igihe yari producer numuyobozi wa gahunda yumuco 'Dragoeiro' yatambutse kuri Televisão de Cabo Verde (TCV) kuva 1993 kugeza 1997. Kuva 1994 kugeza 1996, Tavares yari umuyobozi wa gahunda yumuco 'Articultura' kuri Rádio de Cabo Verde (RCV). <ref>https://www.tieff.org/en/directors/julio-silvao-tavares/</ref> Ni n'umuyobozi wa sosiyete ikora firime yitwa 'Silvão-Produção Filmes' yashinze mu 2004. <ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.julio-silvao-tavares.8749.html</ref> Hagati aho, yakoze firime ''O Desafio'' mu 1999. Mu 2005, yerekanwe bwa mbere muri firime na ''Batuque, Alma de um Povo'' .Ku itsinda rya muzika rya batuque Raiz di Tambarina, n'imizi y'iyi njyana ya muzika i Santiago, Cape Verde . <ref>http://www.larepubliquedespyrenees.fr/2010/06/09/soiree-musicale-capverdienne,140991.php</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marfilmes.com/en/africadocs/batuque.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-24 |archive-date=2016-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311043837/http://marfilmes.com/en/africadocs/batuque.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe i Lisbonne mu Gushyingo 2010, nyuma yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africainthepicture.nl/2007/en/program/filmsA-Z/13/Batuque/_Batuque,_a_alma_de_um_povo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419033141/http://africainthepicture.nl/2007/en/program/filmsA-Z/13/Batuque/_Batuque,_a_alma_de_um_povo.html |archive-date=2021-04-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_in_Motion</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://inforpress.cv/julio-silvao-tavares/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2006 | ''Batuque, Ubugingo bwabantu'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko | |- | 2018 | ''[[Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947|Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947]]'' | Producer | Inyandiko | |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] goosz4t5o1jziyeyxv0n70ir1eir09b 0 9951 149508 145645 2026-11-08T05:47:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibogora polytechnic''' ni Kaminuza y'igenga ishingiye kw'idini rya Methodist Libre, ifite ikicaro gikuru mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|ntara y'iburengerazuba]] mu karere ka [https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/ Nyamasheke], umurenge wa Kanjongo mu Rwanda. Umushinga wo gutangiza iyi kaminuza watangiye muri Nyakanga 2011 ku igitekerezo cy' itorero rya methodiste libre, ibitaro bya Kibogora ndetse n'abaturage batuye mu bice bigize [[intara]] y'iburengerazuba <ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15128.htm</ref>. [[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda,Huye_campus_.jpg|thumb|KAMINUZA YA KIBOGORA |287x287px]] == Amateka == Ubuyobozi bw'itorero ryigenga rya Methodiste nyuma yo gukora ibiganiro byimbitse k'umushinga wo gutangiza kaminuza bwatanze ubusabe kuri minisiteri y'uburezi na minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu Ugushyingo 2011, Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu yasubije ubusabe bwabo Kuwa 7 Mutarama 2012, ikurikirwa na minisiteri y'uburezi kuwa 31 Kanama 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kp.ac.rw/about |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131045726/https://www.kp.ac.rw/about |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma yo kwemererwa ubwo busabe, Iyi kaminuza y'itorero rya Methodiste libre mu Rwanda, yatangiye kwakira abanyeshuri bambere kuwa 17 Nzeri 2012, mu masomo y'ubuganga na theology, kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2012 ikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru mu Rwanda (HEC) cyemereye iyi kaminuza andi mashami abiri arimo ay'Uburezi n'ubucuruzi ( Business and development studies) mu ishami ry'ubukungu n'iterambere ry'icyaro<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rwanda</ref>. == Icyerekezo == Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) yemejwe n'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe amashuri makuru (HEC) ndetse ihabwa uburenganzira busesuye (License) Ukwakira 2014 hashingiwe ku itegeko nomero 07/2015 ryo kuwa 15 Werurwe 2015. Iyi Kaminuza igamije gukemura ikibazo cy'abanyeshuri baburaga aho bakomereza kaminuza hafi yabo igihe batabaga babonye buruse yo gukomeza muri Kaminuza nkuru y' u Rwanda <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Nyamasheke-Abarangije-muri-kaminuza-ya-Kibogora-polytechnic-basabwe-kuba</ref>. Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) itanga impamyabushozi mu ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza(Masters) n'ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (bachelor) mu mashami y'uburezi (education), ubuganga (Health sciences), Ubucuruzi (Business and development studies) na Theology <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://topuniversitieslist.com/kibogora-polytechnic/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131045727/https://topuniversitieslist.com/kibogora-polytechnic/ |archive-date=2022-01-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubutumwa == Kugira uruhare mu kuvugurura umuryango w’u Rwanda ku ruhande rwo kuzamura ireme ry’abakozi mu bijyanye n’uburezi, mu gufasha abahawe impamyabumenyi kurushaho kwikorera ubwabo, umuryango n’Imana, binyuze mu mikurire y’umwuka, kwiga imyuga n’ubushakashatsi, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/kibogora-polytechnic-irateganya-ko-buri-munyeshuri-uyigamo-azagira-laptop-ye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] 7prbkudrc6f1aid5tz8o3ta4kxwgckd 0 10020 149225 148915 2026-11-07T19:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149225 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahunda ya Burse ya Leta ya '''[[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]]''', cyangwa '''KGSP''', ni buruse yo kwiga iterwa inkunga kandi igacungwa n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe uburezi mpuzamahanga (NIIED), ishami rya minisiteri y'uburezi muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya y'Epfo). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_International_Education_(NIIED)</ref> NIIED itanga buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwa gahunda zingoboka zo guhanahana amasomo hagati ya Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo) nibihugu mpuzamahanga. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa porogaramu, kandi byombi ni ibya GKS. == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS == Ibi ni ugushyigikira imyigire y'abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza zo muri koreya (haba mucyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) == Nukugoboka abanyeshuri ba koreya biga mumahanga (urwego rwa nyuma). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za bourse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Urutonde rwa Gahunda ya GKS == Usibye gahunda ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, hariho gahunda zitandukanye zo gutumira abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo), zose zikaba ari "Global [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Korea]] Scholarship (GKS * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) * Gahunda y'Ubutumire bwa Guverinoma ya Koreya ku bihugu by'abafatanyabikorwa * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri b’ivunjisha * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri baterwa inkunga * GKS kubanyeshuri ba ASEANI Yubumenyi nubuhanga * Gahunda ya GKS Impeshyi kubanyeshuri bo muri Afrika na Latine * Porogaramu yo Guhana Abanyeshuri muri Koreya n'Ubuyapani == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) itanga "abatari abanyakoreya" n " abanyakoreya bo mumahanga (bujuje ibisabwa) "inkunga n amahirwe yo gukora amasomo yisumbuye cyangwa ayisumbuye muri kaminuza [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|ya Repubulika ya Koreya]] (Koreya yepfo) ). Byaba bikenewe na kaminuza cyangwa abahawe buruse bifuza, barashobora kubona infashanyo yinyongera yo kwiga ururimi rwigikoreya. Kuva yashingwa mu 1967, abanyeshuri barenga 3.000 baturutse mu bihugu 148 barangije neza gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter">{{Cite web |url=http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174221/http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |archive-date=2022-02-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref>.I yi gahunda yagenewe gutumira impano mpuzamahanga muri Koreya yepfo, no guhuza intiti mumico na societe ya koreya. Niba byemewe, buri muhanga asanzwe amara umwaka umwe muri Koreya yepfo yiga ururimi rwigikoreya, agakurikirwa na gahunda ya kaminuza yimyaka 2 - 4, bitewe nurwego rwabo. Muri 2015, abanyeshuri 820 baturutse mu bihugu 162 bakiriwe muri gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter2">{{Cite web |url=http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214174221/http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html |archive-date=2022-02-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Icyakora, intiti 270 zananiwe kubona impamyabumenyi yazo mu myaka ya 2011 - 2015, zerekana inzitizi z’ururimi n’umuco. <ref>http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150908001110</ref>.Buri ntiti iterwa inkunga na leta ya koreya muburyo bwamafaranga ya buri kwezi. Abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 800.000 KRW ku kwezi mugihe abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 900.000 KRW ku kwezi. Mubyongeyeho, NIIED itanga indege kubanyeshuri no kuva mugihugu cyabo mugitangira no kurangiza gahunda. Amafaranga atangwa nandi mafaranga nayo ahabwa buri muhanga. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Inkunga ya Porogaramu y'ururimi rwa koreya == Mbere yo gutangira impamyabumenyi zabo, intiti za KGSP zirasabwa gufata umwaka umwe w’indimi zikomeye mu kigo cyagenewe ururimi. Intiti zose zirasabwa kubona byibuze urwego rwa 3 (intermediate) mugupimisha ubumenyi muri koreya (TOPIK) mbere yuko bakomeza amasomo yabo. <ref name="TOPIK Guide">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nk’uko NIIED ibivuga, urwego rwa 3 rwa TOPIK rutuma umuntu "akora imirimo y’ibanze y’indimi zikenewe mu gukoresha ibikoresho rusange no gukomeza imibanire myiza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2015-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901083202/http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> .Igihe gisanzwe kuri gahunda yururimi ni umwaka umwe, ariko irashobora kurekurwa, kugabanywa cyangwa kwagurwa bitewe n ibisubizo bya TOPIK. Intiti zabonye mbere ya TOPIK ya 5 cyangwa 6 (zateye imbere) zisonewe gahunda yindimi, kandi zirasabwa guhita zitangira amasomo. Niba intiti ibonye TOPIK 5 cyangwa 6 mugihe cyamezi atandatu yambere ya gahunda yururimi, noneho basabwa gutangira amasomo yabo mugihembwe gitaha, bakagabanya igihe cyabo mumashuri atandatu. Byongeye kandi, intiti zananiwe kugera kuri TOPIK 3 nyuma yumwaka umwe wiga ururimi ntizishobora gukomeza amasomo yabo, kandi zigomba gukora andi mezi atandatu yo kwiga ururimi mukigo cyindimi zabo. <ref>https://www.educanada.ca/scholarships-bourses/can/fga_korea-bge_coree.aspx?lang=eng</ref> Abanyeshuri ntibashobora kuva muri Koreya yepfo mugihe cyururimi kugirango bashobore kwibanda kumyigire yabo. Ariko, ibintu bidasanzwe birakorwa mugihe cyihutirwa nibibazo byumuryango.Ikigo cyindimi cyagenwe na NIIED kandi ntigishobora guhinduka. <ref name="TOPIK Guide2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibigo byindimi birimo amashuri nka kaminuza ya Keimyung na kaminuza ya Dongseo, kandi mubisanzwe mumujyi utandukanye nishuri ryatoranijwe muri gahunda yimpamyabumenyi. Ibi biha buri muhanga amahirwe yo gusuzuma imijyi myinshi yo muri Koreya yepfo.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya D-4 yo kwiga ururimi. <ref name="Visa">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga ya Impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza == Mugihe cyo gusaba, intiti zihitamo porogaramu na kaminuza kuri gahunda zabo zidashobora guhinduka, bikabuza ibihe bikabije. Gahunda ya buruse igenera imyaka ine intiti zikurikirana [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga]], imyaka ibiri y'icyiciro cya [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|gatatu cya kaminuza]] n'imyaka itatu kuri [[:en:PhD|PhD]]. Impamyabumenyi isabwa kuri buri ntiti ishingiye kuri gahunda yabo na kaminuza.Intiti zifite TOPIK urwego rwa 5 cyangwa zirenga zihabwa 100.000 KRW buri kwezi kumafaranga yabo ya buri kwezi mugihe cyo kwiga. Amafaranga yinyongera ahabwa intiti mubyiciro byubushakashatsi.<ref name="NIIED KGSP Info3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya [[:en:List_of_South_Korean_visas#D_visas|D-2]] kugirango bakomeze.<ref name="Visa2">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga y'inyongera == Usibye gutera inkunga y'ishuri, amafaranga yo kubaho no kwiga ururimi rwa koreya, hepfo hazashyirwa ahagaragara na leta ya koreya ''* Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'igihugu'' ''* Itike yindege hagati yigihugu cyigihugu na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Repubulika ya Koreya]] (rimwe)'' == Ibihugu byitabiriye == Kugeza 2014, abaturage baturutse mu [[:en:Citizens|bihugu]] 157 barashobora gusaba KGSP. Menya ko urutonde rwibihugu ruvugururwa buri mwaka, ariko ibihugu byinshi kwisi birimo. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !List of Countries with KGSP Quotas | |- |[[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]] |[[Alubaniya|Albania]] |[[Aligeriya|Algeria]] |[[Angola]] |- |[[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |[[Ositiriya|Austria]] |[[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] |[[Bahirayini|Bahrain]] |- |[[Belarusi|Belarus]] |[[Ububiligi|Belgium]] |[[Bene|Benin]] |[[Butani|Bhutan]] |- |[[Burezile|Brazil]] |[[Buruneyi|Brunei]] |[[Bulugariya|Bulgaria]] |[[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |- |[[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |[[Kanada|Canada]] |[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Central African Republic]] |[[Shili|Chile]] |- |[[Kosita Rika|Costa Rica]] |[[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]] |[[Korowatiya|Croatia]] |[[Cekiya|Czech Republic]] |} == Kaminuza zujuje ibisabwa == Muri 2014, kaminuza 60 zagenwe na NIIED nkibigo byujuje ibyangombwa byo kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. <ref name="Guidebook">http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/2014-KGSP-Guideline-3a-3xh.pdf</ref> === Ibyo Wareba === [[:en:Scholarships_in_Korea|Scholarship in KOREA]] [[:en:Education_in_South_Korea|Education in SOUTH KOREA]] === External links === [http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/ Study in korea] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130712184536/http://niied.go.kr/ National Institute for International Education (NIIED)] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] lh56dgp4f5iy87b75447ttlmcx3ghox 0 10024 149487 144672 2026-11-08T02:11:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gasore.jpg|thumb|Gasore Serge washyizeho Gasore Foundation]]Gasore Serge yahawe igihembo bitandukanye harimo icyo yahawe na Presida [[Paul Kagame]] na kaminuza y'izemo mu gufasha abana n'urubyiruko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113200320/https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Dosiye:Serge Gasore.jpg|thumb|Umunyarwanda Serge Gasore ]] == Gasore Serge == Gasore Serge yavutse tariki 25 gicurasi 1986 ni umunyarwanda wa vukiye mu [[Rwanda]] yahoze ari umu atrete uwiruka n'amaguru kumyaka ye 35.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/serge-gasore-14224733</ref> == Imirimo ye == Gasore kurubu ni umwe mubantu bakiri bato mu [[Rwanda]] bafite ibikorwa byo gufasha abatishoboye.<ref>https://alumniassociation.acu.edu/s/1565/16/interior.aspx?sid=1565&gid=1&pgid=1790</ref> Gasore yashinze Fondasiyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y'iburasirazuba]] mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] izwi nka Gasore Foundation, ibyo akaba yarabitewe no kwibaza niba hari umusanzu yatanga mu gufasha abana batagira kivugira.<ref>https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.gasore_serge_foundation.894d2d73581c19ba70ff677209bc36ce.html#contact-anchor</ref> == Ibihembo == Gasore yahawe igihembo kishimwe na nyakubahwa Paul Kagame perezida wi gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], Muri Gashyantare 2018 nibwo Gasore Serge yahawe igihembo The 2018 Young Alumnus of the Year” na Abilene Christian University (ACU) yahoze yigamo nk’uwakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa wize muri iyi Kaminuza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113200320/https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Imikorere == Gasore Serge Foundation ni ikigo giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Murenge wa Ntarama]] mu karere Ka Bugesera ni ikigo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113200320/https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kibanda mugufasha abatishoboye harimo uburezi ubuvuzi kurwanya imirire mibi guteza imbere [[Umukino|siporo]] no kurwanya ingeso mbi murubyiruko nibindi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220215145239/https://www.rwandachildren.org/staff</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] ix3142duwqkd06pgsz3eekdzphv79om 0 10103 149257 144771 2026-11-07T19:42:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb| Ibidukikije bya Gicumbi|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Mt Uluguru and Sisal plantations.jpg|thumb]] '''Green Gicumbi''' ni umushinga watangijwe na reta y'u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ' wo Gushimangira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntara y'amajyaruguru, ni umushinga w’imyaka itandatu wa leta watangijwe ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]], ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] (FONERWA). ukaba ugamije gushimangira no guhangana [[Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi|n'ihunduka]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130826204243/http://climate/ change.gov.rw</ref> ry'ikirere mu Karere ka Gicumbi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131003153/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317204006/https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127021414/https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mulindi13.jpg|thumb|Climate exposures in Gicumbi|165x165px]] == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg|thumb|163x163px|Ibishanga bitunganyijwe]] Mu mwaka wa 2018, imibare yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] Isuzuma ry’imihindagurikire y’ibihe hamwe na Raporo Yanyuma Raporo y’igihugu yerekanye ko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Gicumbi yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere mu ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416192944/http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321195325/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu mwaka 2019, guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yakusanyije inkunga ingana na miliyoni 32 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kigega cy’ibihe by’ikirere kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa umushinga witwa "Gushimangira guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu baturage bo mu cyaro cy’u[[Rwanda]]" ryerekanaga umushinga wa Green Gicumbi. Umushinga wakozwe n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije-FONERWA. <ref name="fonerwa">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207084703/http://fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321195325/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |url-status=live }}</ref>Uyu mushinga w'imyaka itandatu wibanda cyane cyane ku kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hongerwa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire, ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu mirenge icyenda igizwe n’[[imidugudu]] igera kuri 252 iri mu gice cya Muvumba B kandi ikagenerwa abagenerwabikorwa 150.000 na 380.000 mu buryo butaziguye. Imirenge ikubiye mu mushinga ni Rubaya, Cyumba, Kaniga, Mukarange, Rushaki, Shangasha, Manyagiro, Byumba na Bwisige. <ref>https://mwamba.rw/2022/01/27/green-gicumbi-project-is-expected-to-boost-economic-development/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2021-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727115118/https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:IMG nyarurama.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ni zimwe mungamba zagezweho mukurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda|159x159px]] == Ibimaze kugerwa == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|Igiti|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Minister Biruta visits Green Fund investments - 25445558145.jpg|thumb|164x164px|Amaterasi]] Umushinga Green Gicumbi uteza imbere ubuhinzi bwihanganira ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe binyuze mu guca amaterasi y’indinganire no gutera ibiti n’ibyatsi bivangwa n’imyaka, gusazura amashyamba, kubaka imidugudu y’icyitegererezo hagamijwe gutuza abaturage heza n’ibindi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/injira-muri-green-gicumbi-umushinga-w-icyitegererezo-mu-kubaka-ubukungu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219101110/https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/injira-muri-green-gicumbi-umushinga-w-icyitegererezo-mu-kubaka-ubukungu |url-status=live }}</ref>Muri iki gihe ku bijyanye n’ibicanwa ntibikituvuna. Mbere mu gihe cy’imvura kubona inkwi byaragoranaga ndetse twatemaga amashyamba menshi kandi no kubona ubwatsi bw’amatungo bikagorana. Ubu ubwatsi buraboneka kuko bwatewe mu mirima yacu bityo tukabona n’amase [yifashishwa mu gukora biogaz].<ref name=":0" />Ubu umushinga wa green gicumbi umaze kugera kuri 65% byawo mu gihe kimyaka 6 uzamara .Muguhanaga ni imihindagurikire y'ibihe.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/green-gicumbi-igiye-gutanga-miliyoni-700frw-ku-bafite-imishinga-irengera-ibidukikije]Hatewe ibiti kuri hegitari 12,000 z’ubutaka bwarinzwe isuri binyuze mu gukora amaterasi y’indinganganire n’amaterasi yikora.Hegitari 4,801 zateweho ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka izindi Hegitari 981 zateweho ibiti bifata ubutaka.Hegitari 40 zateweho [[ikawa]] yo ku musozi, yihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe inongera umusaruro w’ikawa.Hegitari 50 zateweho [[icyayi]] cyo ku musozi, kihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe hagamijwe guhangana n’ingaruka ziyikomokaho no kongera umusaruro w’icyayi.[https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/byinshi-ku-mushinga-green-gicumbi-ukomeje-gukora-itandukaniro-mu-kurengera]Uyu mushinga watangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mutarama 2020, ugamije “Kubakira ubudahangarwa abaturage bo mu Majyaruguru no guhangana n’ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe.<ref name=":0" />Ugabanyije mu bice bine birimo icyo kubungabunga icyogogo cy’umuvumba no guteza imbere ubuhinzi bwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe, kubungabunga amashyamba ku buryo burambye hanagabanywa ibicanwa biyakomokaho, kunoza imiturire yihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe no gusangira ubumenyi no kubwinjiza mu mikorere n’imigirire. == references == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihe]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] klkqqiwyfk184zch7r5dwuoi4jk1ky9 0 10132 149463 142296 2026-11-07T21:42:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 149463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gisenyi majengo.jpg|thumb]] Ikigega cy’Igihugu cy’Ibidukikije-FONERWA ni ikigega gitera inkunga imishinga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe, cyashyizweho na Leta y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2012. Ni kimwe mu mu bigega binini ku mugabane wa Afrika bifite bene izi nshingano. FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund mu bikorwa byayo byo kumenyekanisha ibyo ikora ku bafatanyabikorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/FONERWA-yatangiye-ibikorwa-byo-kubungabunga-amabanga-ya-ndiza</ref>. [[Dosiye:My_city_kigali.jpg|thumb|Kiagali itoshye |152x152px]] == Intego == Gukusanya, gucunga, gukurikirana  ndetse no gufasha inzego kubona inkunga n’ubushobozi bwo mu kuzana impinduka mu rwego rwo kubaka iterambere rirambye kandi ridahungabanywa n’ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/FONERWA-yatangiye-ibikorwa-byo-kubungabunga-amabanga-ya-ndiza</ref> y’ibihe. == Icyerekezo == Gufasha u Rwanda gukemura ibibazzo ruhura nabyo muri gahunda yo kurengera ibidukijije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse no kubaka ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije hagamijwe kwihutisha intego z’igihugu zo kubaka iterambere rirambye<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/green-rwanda-media-review-8-march-2021 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207091102/http://fonerwa.org/green-rwanda-media-review-8-march-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:ASC_Leiden_-_Rwanda_2021_-_010_-_Eleven_yellow-green_bicycles_in_a_rack,_Guraride_Bikeshare_-_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Amagare |163x163px]] == Inzego zigize FONERWA == * Inama y'Ubutegetsi: Uru ni rwo rwego rukuru rufite inshingano zo gufata ibyemezo, bireba imiyoborere y’Ikigega, gushyira abakozi mu myanya ndetse n’ikoreshwa ry’umutungo kugira ngo FONERWA ibashe kugera ku ntego zayo.<ref>Abo Turibo | Fonerwa Rwanda Green Fund</ref> * Urwego Nshingwabikorwa: Uru rwego rukuriwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa FONERWA. Ni rwo rushinzwe gukurikirana no guhuza imirimo n’ibikorwa bya buri munsi; ndetse no gukora indi mirimo iri mu nshingano za FONERWA rwahabwa n’Inama y’Ubuyobozi<ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abaturage-bakarere-ka-gicumbi-banejejwe-nibikorwa-bya-green-gicumbi</ref>. == Imishinga migari ya FONERWA == # Green Gicumbi ugamije kurengere ibidukikije mu ntara y'amajyaruguru mu karere ka gicumbi haterwa ibiti hara cukurwa amaterasi y'indinganire ,hanabungabubunabungwa imigezi ,inzuzi batera ibiti bitandukanye cyane cyane imigano kungero z'imigezi inzuzi ,ibiyaga mu kurengera urusobe ry'ibinyabuzima n'ibimera <ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abaturage-bakomeje-kwishimira-ibyiza-by-umushinga-green-gicumbi</ref>. # [[Dosiye:Imodoka zikoreaha amashanyarazi.jpg|thumb|Imodoka itangiza ikirere|148x148px]]Green city Kigali "kigali itoshye " n'umushinga ugamije kurimbisha umugi wa kigali no kurengera bimwe mu bishanga biherere muri kigali<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mushinga-green-city-kigali-ugiye-guhindura-imiturire-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=2022-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224140136/https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mushinga-green-city-kigali-ugiye-guhindura-imiturire-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund == [[Dosiye:Minister Biruta visits Green Fund investments - 25445558145.jpg|thumb|161x161px|Amaterase yaciwe mukurwanya isuri munkunga ya Rwanda green fund]] FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund mu bikorwa byayo byo kumenyekanisha ibyo ikora ku bafatanyabikorwa. Nka kimwe mu nzego ziri ku isonga rwo guharanira ko u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rwubaka ubukungu burambye kandi butabangamira ibidukikije, ibidukikije. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 4tpkrn2u8bovgz75wymm00hpypj90za 0 10376 149518 144899 2026-11-08T06:56:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149518 wikitext text/x-wiki Mukandayisenga Benitha, Umukinnyi w'umunyarwandakazi wabigize umwuga muri volleyball, aho asigaye akina mu ikipe ya kenya commercial Bank, yo muri [[Kenya]]. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Mukandayisenga Benitha''' (yavutse 05 werurwe 1994) ni umukinnyi w'umunyamwuga wazamukiye mu ikipe y'ikigo ya Saint Aloys i Rwamagana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-mukandayisenga-benitha-yerekeje-muri-kcb-yo-muri-kenya</ref> akaba yarasinye amasezerano bw'ambere mu kuboza 2017 muri APR VC.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benitha_Mukandayisenga</ref> nyuma atwara champiyona yu Rwanda muri 2019 nku mukinnyi wiryo rushyanwa. Yabaye umukinnyi w'ambere ufite amasezerano yababigize umwuga mu 2019 muri [[Alubaniya]]. yakiniye ikipe y'igihugu y'abafite munsi y'imwaka 17, akinira abafite imwaka 20 ikinira n'ikipe nkuru yu [[Rwanda]].<ref>http://www.bvbinfo.com/player.asp?ID=20590</ref><ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/267882</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Mukandayisenga Benitha !UBWENEGIHUGU !Rwanda |- |umwanya Akinaho |Mubinyuma |- |Igihe yavukiye |1994-03-05 |- |Uburebure |185cm |- |Ibiro afite |65kg |- |Aho akubita umupira |300cm |- |Block |295cm |- |Ukuboko akoresha cyane |ukwiburyo |} == Ibyo yagezeho == Usibye Volleyball yo munzu (indoor volleyyball),<ref>https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/beachvolleyball/worldtour/2020/waag2019/women/teams/951975-munezero%20-benitha/benitha_mukandayisenga?id=172650</ref> '''Mukandayisenga''' sanzwe ari n'umukinnyi wa Vollyball yo ku mucanga, aho yitabiriye amarushanwa meshi atandukanye kwisi.Ubu akaba ari mu ikipe ya KCB.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://women.volleybox.net/benitha-mukandayisenga-p30239/clubs |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-date=2022-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506133910/https://women.volleybox.net/benitha-mukandayisenga-p30239/clubs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.caanathletics.com/index.php/women-players</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Mukandayisenga Benitha !Timeline !Ikipe yakiniye !Abo bagiye bakinana !Ipike y'igihugu !Amarushanwa !Ibikombe |- |2 |4 |2 |26 |9 |2 |} == Amakipe yakiniye == '''Mukandayisenga Benatha''' yakiniye amakipe atadukanye haba hano ku mugabane w'[[Afurika]] cyangwa [[Burayi|iburayi]].Yakiniye ikipye y'ingabo z'igihugu APR VC, Akinira ekipe ya Partizani, isazwe ikina icyiciro cya mbere muri shampiyona ya alubaniya. yakiniye ikipe ya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220517211735/https://www.utb.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya UTB], gusa itararambye kuko yaje gusenyuka imaze imyaka 4 gusa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utb.ac.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517211735/https://www.utb.ac.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuri ubu Mukandayisenga Benitha ari gukinira ikipe ya [https://ke.kcbgroup.com/ KCB].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-mukandayisenga-benitha-yerekeje-muri-kcb-yo-muri-kenya</ref><ref>https://ke.kcbgroup.com/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa volleyball]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 16m8w3tjxukzew4gd18ngy7d9ixxuuo 0 10530 149471 147338 2026-11-07T21:42:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 149471 wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Nkulikiyinka ni umuyobozi mukuru wa [https://bpn.rw/rw/bpn-rwanda/bpn-rwanda BPN Rwanda]. '''BPN''' ifasha ba Rwiyemezamirimo n’ abakozi babo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa na servisi byabo kugira ngo bashobore gufata umwanya ushimishije kandi urambye ku isoko . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/199788</ref> = Uburezi = Madamu Alice Nkulikiyinka afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'ubukungu n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa, yayikoreye muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi ngiro ya Worms, mu Budage ndetse afite n'indi mpamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu ishami rya siyansi no gucunga no kwita ku makuru, iyi yayikoreye muri kaminuza ya Constance, mu gihugu cy'Ubudage.<ref>https://theafricasoftpowerproject.com/alice-nkulikiyinka/</ref> = Imirimo = Madamu Alice Nkulikiyinka ni Umuyobozi mukuru wa BPN Rwanda (Business Professionals Network), ikigo gitanga serivise zishinzwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi, mu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2011. Mbere yo gusubira mu gihugu cye, yakoze hafi imyaka cumi n'itanu mu rwego rw’amabanki mu bigo byo mu Busuwisi Telekurs (Itsinda rya gatandatu) na Avaloq. Nk'umuyobozi w'umushinga, Umuyobozi w'ibicuruzwa n'uyobora ishami, yayoboye amakipe mpuzamahanga i Zurich, London na New York City, n'ahandi hantu. Ku masezerano yo mu mahanga, yayoboye kandi imishinga ya Banki muri Hong Kong na Singapore.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://africanpf.org/speakers/alice-nkulikiyinka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810224845/https://africanpf.org/speakers/alice-nkulikiyinka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihugu bitandukanye yakozemo === * Ubudage (Frankfurt), * Ubwongereza (London), * Ubusuwisi (Zurich), * Amerika (New York), * Singapore (Singapore), * Ubushinwa (Hong Kong), * N'u Rwanda (Kigali).<ref name=":0" /> === Inama y'Ubutegetsi abarizwamo === RDB (ikigo cya leta gifite inshingano zo kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda mu gutuma iterambere ry’abikorera ritanga umusaruro batanga raporo ku biro bya Perezida) hamwe n’umuyobozi w’Inama Njyanama ya I&M Bank (imwe mu ma banki y'ubucuruzi ateye imbere).<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] 2ef0s768wa8r07lsi2ewbf74f1shb37 0 12821 149309 144126 2026-11-07T20:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Oxford''' ni [[:en:Research_university|kaminuza y’ubushakashatsi]] muri[[:en:Oxford|Oxford]], mu Bwongereza. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko bigisha kuva mu 1096, ikaba kaminuza ya kera cyane ku [[:en:English-speaking_world|isi ivuga icyongereza]] na [[:en:List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation|kaminuza ya kabiri ku isi mu bikorwa bikomeje]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2020 |title=The top 50 universities by reputation |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/top-50-universities-reputation |website=Times Higher Education (THE)}}</ref> Yakuze vuba kuva 1167 igihe [[:en:Henry_II_of_England|Henry II]] yabuzaga abanyeshuri b'icyongereza kujya muri [[:en:University_of_Paris|kaminuza ya Paris]] . Nyuma y’amakimbirane hagati y’abanyeshuri n’umujyi wa Oxford mu 1209, abize bamwe bahungiye mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba berekeza muri [[:en:Cambridge|Cambridge]] aho bashinze icyahindutse [[:en:University_of_Cambridge|kaminuza ya Cambridge]] . <ref name="Early records">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2013 |title=Early records |url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/history/early-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011174430/http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/history/early-records |archive-date=11 October 2013 |access-date=10 October 2013 |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> [[:en:Ancient_university|Kaminuza ebyiri zo mu Bwongereza za kera]] zisangiye ibintu byinshi zisanzwe kandi zitwa ''[[:en:Oxbridge|Oxbridge]]'' . Oxford iri muri kaminuza zizwi cyane ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2020 |title=World University Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-oxford-503637 |website=US News |language=en}}</ref> Iyi kaminuza igizwe na kaminuza [[:en:Colleges_of_the_University_of_Oxford|mirongo itatu n'icyenda yigenga yigenga]], ibyumba bitandatu [[:en:Permanent_private_hall|byigenga bihoraho]], hamwe n’amashami atandukanye y’amasomo ateguwe mu [[:en:Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford|bice]] bine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford divisions |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/divisions/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020114217/http://www.ox.ac.uk/divisions/index.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=26 November 2013 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Amashuri makuru yose ni ibigo byigenga muri kaminuza, buriwese ugenzura abanyamuryango bayo hamwe nimiterere yimbere nibikorwa. Abanyeshuri bose ni abanyamuryango ba kaminuza. <ref name="CollegesandHalls">{{Cite web |title=What is an Oxford college? |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/colleges/introducing-colleges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309000037/https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/colleges/introducing-colleges |archive-date=9 March 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Ntabwo ifite ikigo gikuru, kandi inyubako n'ibikoresho byanyanyagiye mu mujyi rwagati. [[:en:Undergraduate_education|Amashuri yisumbuye]] muri Oxford agizwe ninyigisho, [[:en:Tutorial_system|inyigisho]] -matsinda mato muri za kaminuza na salle, amahugurwa, akazi ka laboratoire ndetse rimwe na rimwe andi masomo yatanzwe n'amashami n'amashami ya kaminuza nkuru. [[:en:Postgraduate_education|Icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza]] gitangwa ahanini hagati. Oxford ikora [[:en:Ashmolean_Museum|inzu ndangamurage]] ya kera cyane ku isi, hamwe [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|n’ibinyamakuru binini bya kaminuza]] ku isi hamwe na sisitemu nini y’ibitabo by’amasomo mu gihugu hose. <ref name="uls">{{Cite web |title=Libraries |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/research/libraries/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125090133/http://www.ox.ac.uk/research/libraries/index.html |archive-date=25 November 2012 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari urangira ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2019, kaminuza yinjije amafaranga angana na 45 2.45miliyari, muri zo 624.8miliyoni yavuye mu nkunga y'ubushakashatsi n'amasezerano. Oxford yigishije abanyeshuri benshi bazwi cyane, barimo [[:en:List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_education|ba minisitiri w’intebe 29 w’Ubwongereza]] ndetse n’abakuru b’ibihugu na guverinoma benshi ku isi. <ref name="Famous">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2007 |title=Famous Oxonians |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/famous-oxonians |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607051053/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/famous-oxonians |archive-date=7 June 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Kugeza mu Kwakira 2020, abatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel 72, Abamidari 4 ba Fields, hamwe n’abatsindiye ibihembo 6 bya Turing Award barize, barakora, cyangwa bakoze ubusabane bwo gusura muri kaminuza ya Oxford, mu gihe abayirangije batsindiye imidari 160 [[:en:Olympic_medal|ya Olempike]] .<ref name="olympics">{{Cite web |title=Oxford at the Olympics |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/Oxford-at-the-Olympics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526023454/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/Oxford-at-the-Olympics |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 August 2018 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Oxford ni inzu ya bourse nyinshi, harimo na [[:en:Rhodes_Scholarship|Rhodes Scholarship]], imwe muri gahunda za kera za bourse mpuzamahanga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhodes Scholarships |url=http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019065901/http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/about |archive-date=19 October 2012 |access-date=25 July 2010 |website=rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> == Amateka == Itariki yo gushinga kaminuza ya Oxford ntiramenyekana. <ref name="Preface">{{Cite web |title=Preface: Constitution and Statute-making Powers of the University |url=http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/statutes/375-092.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205409/http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/statutes/375-092.shtml |archive-date=4 January 2014 |access-date=4 January 2014 |publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> Birazwi ko kwigisha muri Oxford byabayeho muburyo bumwe nko mu 1096, ariko ntibisobanutse igihe kaminuza yatangiriye. Intiti [[:en:Theobald_of_Étampes|Theobald wo muri Étampes]] yigishije Oxford mu ntangiriro ya 1100s. Yakuze vuba kuva 1167 igihe abanyeshuri b'icyongereza bagarukaga muri [[:en:University_of_Paris|kaminuza ya Paris]] . Umuhanga mu by'amateka [[:en:Gerald_of_Wales|Gerald wo muri Wales]] yigishije intiti nk'izo mu 1188, maze intiti ya mbere izwi cyane mu mahanga, [[:en:Emo_of_Friesland|Emo wa Friesland]], igera mu 1190. Umuyobozi wa kaminuza yari afite izina rya [[:en:Chancellor_(education)|chancellor]] kuva byibura 1201, kandi ba shebuja bamenyekanye nka ''Universitas'' cyangwa isosiyete mu 1231. Iyi kaminuza yahawe amasezerano ya cyami mu 1248 ku ngoma y'Umwami [[:en:Henry_III_of_England|Henry III]] . <ref>Adolphus Ballard, James Tait. (2010.</ref> Nyuma y’amakimbirane hagati y’abanyeshuri n’umujyi wa Oxford mu 1209, abize bamwe bahunze urugomo bajya i [[:en:Cambridge|Cambridge]], nyuma bashinga [[kaminuza ya Cambridge]] . <ref name="Early records2">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2013 |title=Early records |url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/history/early-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011174430/http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/history/early-records |archive-date=11 October 2013 |access-date=10 October 2013 |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubwongereza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza|Oxford]] kflgtnds11dz7bm6e4v0hinegwdqxis 0 12826 149310 144322 2026-11-07T20:15:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Tulane''', ku mugaragaro '''kaminuza ya Tulane ya Louisiana''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Louisiana Decision |url=https://www.tulanelink.com/tulanelink/decision_03d.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504105930/https://www.tulanelink.com/tulanelink/decision_03d.htm |archive-date=May 4, 2022 |access-date=April 10, 2022 |website=www.tulanelink.com}}</ref> ni [[:en:Research_university|kaminuza y’ubushakashatsi yigenga]] muri [[:en:New_Orleans|New Orleans]], [[:en:Louisiana|Louisiana]] . Yashinzwe nka Koleji y’Ubuvuzi ya Louisiana mu 1834 n’abaganga barindwi b’ubuvuzi, yahindutse kaminuza rusange ya kaminuza nka kaminuza ya Louisiana n’inteko ishinga amategeko ya leta mu 1847. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Katzmann |first=Christopher W. |last2=O'Dwyer |first2=Kathryn |title=The Founding of Tulane University |url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1183#:~:text=Tulane%20University%20is%20often%20cited,school%20founded%20by%20these%20seven. |access-date=June 26, 2022 |website=New Orleans Historical |language=en}}</ref>[[Dosiye:NewcombHallDownsideCenterJan08.jpg|thumb|right|Inzu yitwa NewComb yo muri kaminuza ya Tulane.|307x307px]] Ikigo cyabaye icyigenga ku nkunga ya [[:en:Paul_Tulane|Paul Tulane]] na [[:en:Josephine_Louise_Newcomb|Josephine Louise Newcomb]] mu 1884 na 1887. Tulane ni kaminuza ya 9 ya kera yigenga mu [[:en:Association_of_American_Universities|ishyirahamwe rya za kaminuza zo muri Amerika]] . [[:en:Tulane_University_Law_School|Ishuri ryigisha amategeko muri kaminuza]]<nowiki/>na [[:en:Tulane_University_Medical_School|Tulane n’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya Tulane]], ni ishuri rya 12 rya kera ry’amategeko ndetse n’ishuri rya 15 ry’ubuvuzi rya kera muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Tulane Law School |url=http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsabout/index.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806005444/http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsabout/index.aspx |archive-date=August 6, 2007 |access-date=November 30, 2013 |publisher=Law.tulane.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Partners: Teaching the next generation of healthcare providers |url=http://www.umcno.org/partners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220094145/http://www.umcno.org/partners |archive-date=February 20, 2017 |access-date=February 19, 2017 |publisher=University Medical Center New Orleans}}</ref> Tulane yabaye umunyamuryango w’ishyirahamwe rya za kaminuza zo muri Amerika kuva 1958 kandi ashyirwa muri "R1: Kaminuza za Doctorat - Igikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi cyane". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=160755&start_page=lookup.php&clq=%7B%22ipug2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ipgrad2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22enrprofile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ugprfile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22sizeset2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22basic2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22eng2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22search_string%22%3A%22Tulane%22%2C%22level%22%3A%22%22%2C%22control%22%3A%22%22%2C%22accred%22%3A%22%22%2C%22state%22%3A%22%22%2C%22region%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urbanicity%22%3A%22%22%2C%22womens%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hbcu%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hsi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22tribal%22%3A%22%22%2C%22msi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22landgrant%22%3A%22%22%2C%22coplac%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urban%22%3A%22%22%2C%22community%22%3A%22%22%7D |access-date=July 25, 2021 |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725202615/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=160755&start_page=lookup.php&clq=%7B%22ipug2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ipgrad2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22enrprofile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ugprfile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22sizeset2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22basic2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22eng2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22search_string%22%3A%22Tulane%22%2C%22level%22%3A%22%22%2C%22control%22%3A%22%22%2C%22accred%22%3A%22%22%2C%22state%22%3A%22%22%2C%22region%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urbanicity%22%3A%22%22%2C%22womens%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hbcu%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hsi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22tribal%22%3A%22%22%2C%22msi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22landgrant%22%3A%22%22%2C%22coplac%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urban%22%3A%22%22%2C%22community%22%3A%22%22%7D |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza|Tulane]] [[Ikiciro:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] 5d3nax7yrya7sil06xxtbj2zpog03ae 0 12835 149196 148309 2026-11-07T18:59:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox birth control|image=Kondom.jpg|width=200|caption=A rolled-up condom|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ə|m}} or {{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ɒ|m}}|bc_type=Barrier|date_first_use=Ancient<ref name=Hat2007/><br />Rubber: 1855<ref name=Al2011/><br />Latex: 1920s<ref name=Mc2000/><br />Polyurethane: 1994<br />Polyisoprene: 2008|rate_type=[[Pregnancy]]|failure_measure=first year, latex|perfect_failure%=2|perfect_failure_ref=<ref name="Trussell 2011">{{cite book|last=Trussell|first=James|year=2011|chapter=Contraceptive efficacy|editor1-last=Hatcher|editor1-first=Robert A.|editor2-last=Trussell|editor2-first=James|editor3-last=Nelson|editor3-first=Anita L.|editor4-last=Cates|editor4-first=Willard Jr.|editor5-last=Kowal|editor5-first=Deborah|editor6-last=Policar|editor6-first=Michael S.|title=Contraceptive technology|edition=20th revised|location=New York|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=978-1-59708-004-0|issn=0091-9721|oclc=781956734|pages=779–863|chapter-url=http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112130150/http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf|archive-date=2013-11-12}}</ref>|typical_failure%=18|typical_failure_ref=<ref name="Trussell 2011" />|duration_effect=|reversibility=Yes|user_reminders=Latex condoms are damaged by oil-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]<ref name=Hat2007/>|clinic_interval=|STD_protection_YesNo=Yes<ref name=Hat2007/>|periods=|benefits=No health care visits required and low cost<ref name=Hat2007/>|weight_gain_loss=|risks=|medical_notes=}} '''Agakingirizo''' ni igikoresho kigabanya amahirwe yo kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse no gusama inda zitateganijwe.<ref name="Hat2007">{{Cite book|last=Hatcher|first=Robert Anthony|last2=M.D|first2=Anita L. Nelson|title=Contraceptive Technology|date=2007|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=9781597080019|pages=297–311|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918185600/https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297|archive-date=2017-09-18}}</ref> Habaho agakingirizo k'abagabo n'aka [[Umugore|abagore]].<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free|page=[https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse/page/372 372]}}</ref> Hamwe n'imikoreshereze ikwiye - kandi gakoreshwa mubikorwa byose by'imibonano mpuzabitsina -.Abagore nabo bashakanye bakoresha agakingirizo k'abagabo bashobora kugira amahirwe ya 2% yo gusama.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Hamwe n'imikoreshereze isanzwe, igipimo cyo gutwita kingana na 18% ku mwaka. Imikoreshereze yako igabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatite B, na VIH / [[SIDA]].<ref name="Hat2007" /> Zirinda kandi ku rugero ruto kwirinda indwara ya herpes, papillomavirus ku muntu (HPV), ndetse na sifilis.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo k'umugabo kaba kazungurutse ku gitsina gihagaze mbere yo gukora imibonano kandi kigakora mu gukora inzitizi y'umubiri ibuza amasohoro kwinjira mu mubiri w'uwo muhuje igitsina.<ref name="Hat2007" /><ref name="Sp2011" /> Udukingirizo twabagabo dukorwa muri latex, kandi mubisanzwe, kuva polyurethane, polyisoprene, cyangwa amara y'intama.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Udukingirizo tw'abagabo dufite ibyiza byo koroshya imikoreshereze, byoroshye kubigeraho n'ingaruka nke.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Abafite allergie ya latex igomba gukoreshwa polyurethane cyangwa izindi verisiyo yubukorikori.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo k'abagore gakozwe muri polyurethane kandi karashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.<ref name="Sp2011">{{Cite book|last=Speroff|first=Leon|last2=Darney|first2=Philip D.|title=A Clinical Guide for Contraception|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781608316106|pages=305–307|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC&pg=PT420|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203840/https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC|archive-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> Udukingirizo nk'uburyo bwo gukumira indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zakoreshejwe kuva byibura 1544.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo ka reberi kabonetse mu 1855, gakurikirwa n'udukingirizo twa latex muri 1920.<ref name="Al2011">{{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Michael J.|title=The Anthem Anthology of Victorian Sonnets|date=2011|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781843318484|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQxdE8Ryz9YC&pg=PR51|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mc2000">{{Cite book|last=McKibbin|first=Ross|title=Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951|date=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198208556|page=305|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYuoPxzjnXUC&pg=PA305|language=en}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw' rw'ishami ry'umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ku isi, urutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mu gihugu cy'iterambere kiri hafi 0.03 kugeza US $ 0.08 buri umwe.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=209&searchYear=2015|title=Condoms (Lubricated)|website=International Medical Products Price Guide|publisher=Management Sciences For Health, Inc.|access-date=2 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802170925/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=209&searchYear=2015|archive-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> Muri Leta zunzubumwe z'Amerika ,ubusanzwe agakingirizo kagura amadolari y'Amerika 1.00.<ref name="Sh2011">{{Cite book|last=Shoupe|first=Donna|title=Contraception|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781444342635|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksjJcx1CeKcC&lpg=PA15&pg=PA15|language=en|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155934/https://books.google.com/books?id=ksjJcx1CeKcC&lpg=PA15&pg=PA15|url-status=live}}</ref> Kw'isi yose munsi ya 10% y'abakoresha kuringaniza imbyaro bakoresha agakingirizo.<ref name="Ch2012" /> Ibiciro byo gukoresha agakingirizo biri hejuru mu bihugu byateye imbere.<ref name="Ch2012">{{Cite book|last=Chen|first=Lincoln C.|last2=Amor|first2=Jaime Sepulveda|last3=Segal|first3=Sheldon J.|title=AIDS and Women's Reproductive Health|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781461533542|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KWvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|language=en}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza agakingirizo ni uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kugaragara mu kuboneza urubyaro (22%) mu gihe muri Amerika ari ubwa gatatu bukunze kugaragara (15%).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Herring|first=Jonathan|title=Medical Law and Ethics|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198702269|page=271|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9JFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA271|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=26556545|year=2015|last=Daniels|first=K.|title=Current Contraceptive Use and Variation by Selected Characteristics Among Women Aged 15–44: United States, 2011–2013|journal=National Health Statistics Reports|issue=86|pages=1–14|last2=Daugherty|first2=J.|last3=Jones|first3=J.|last4=Mosher|first4=W.}}</ref> Hafi miliyari esheshatu kugeza icyenda zigurishwa ku mwaka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hermann|first=Henry R.|title=Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals: The Great Game of Life|date=2016|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780128092958|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6sGpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT529|language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] e6c704en7r52zeg6bdsrkb7xv663rnv 0 13021 149394 144871 2026-11-07T21:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149394 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mental-health.jpg|thumb|uburwayi bwo mumutwe]] [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_Message.jpg|thumb|Mental Health Message]] [[Dosiye:Autism-Neurodiversity-or-Mental-health-symbol.svg|thumb|Mental-health-]] '''[[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|Icyorezo cya COVID-19]]''' cyagize ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu '''[[:en:Mental_health|mutwe bw'abantu]]''' ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2020-02-11 |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref name="Stix_2021">{{Cite web |title=Pandemic Year 1 Saw a Dramatic Global Rise in Anxiety and Depression |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/ |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> Icyorezo cyateje [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/ impungenge] nyinshi, kwiheba, n'ibimenyetso by'ihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka. <ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/</ref> <ref name="Santomauro_2021">https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html</ref> Nk’uko ikigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyita ku buzima [[:en:World_Health_Organization|WHO]] kibitangaza, mu mwaka wa mbere w’icyorezo cya '''COVID-19''', ubwiyongere bw’ibibazo bisanzwe nko kwiheba [[Dosiye:Free_3D_Illustration_Of_A_Mental_Health_Conceptual_Image_By_Quince_Media_05.jpg|thumb|Free 3D Illustration Of A Mental Health Conceptual Image By Quince Media 05]] no guhangayika, bwazamutseho hejuru ya 25%. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=COVID-19: Depression, anxiety soared 25 per cent in a year |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113162 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=UN News |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731210145/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113162 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Nearly one billion people have a mental disorder: WHO |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/06/1120682 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> Icyorezo cyangiritse ku mibanire myiza, kwizerana mu bigo ndetse no mu bandi bantu, cyateje impinduka mu kazi no kwinjiza amafaranga, kandi gishyiraho umutwaro munini wo guhangayika no guhangayikisha abaturage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OECD |url=https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126985-nv145m3l96&title=COVID-19-Protecting-people-and-societies |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=read.oecd-ilibrary.org |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515004650/https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126985-nv145m3l96&title=COVID-19-Protecting-people-and-societies |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abagore n'urubyiruko bahura n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kwiheba no guhangayika. <ref name="Stix_2021" /> <ref name="Santomauro_2021" /> '''COVID-19''' yakajije umurego ibibazo biterwa no [[:en:Substance_use_disorders|gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge]] (SUDs). Icyorezo cyibasiye cyane abantu bafite SUD. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396653</ref> Ingaruka z'ubuzima bwa SUDs (urugero, [[:en:Cardiovascular_diseases|indwara z'umutima]] -damura, [[:en:Respiratory_diseases|indwara z'ubuhumekero]], diyabete yo mu [[:en:Type_2_diabetes|bwoko bwa 2]], [[:en:Immunosuppression|immunosuppression]] hamwe na [[:en:Central_nervous_system_depression|sisitemu yo hagati yo kwiheba]], hamwe n'indwara zo mu mutwe), hamwe n'ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije (nko guhungabana kw'amazu, ubushomeri, no kugira uruhare mu butabera mpanabyaha), bifitanye isano nubwiyongere bwokwandura '''COVID-19'''. Amategeko agenga ibisobanuro, kimwe n’ubushomeri n’ingamba zo kugabanya ingengo y’imari mu gihe cy’icyorezo ndetse [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_Portrait.jpg|thumb|Ubuzima Bwo mumutwe]] n’icyakurikiyeho, birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku isoko ry’ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe.Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukana (ni ukuvuga intera y'umubiri, akato, no [[:en:Social_isolation|kwigunga]]) birashobora kongera irungu, ibimenyetso by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibimenyetso byo kwikuramo, hamwe n'ihungabana ryo mu mutwe. == Impamvu == [[Dosiye:Covid-19 San Salvatore 09.jpg|thumb|Umuganga [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237073 anesthesiologue] unaniwe i Pesaro, mu Butaliyani, Werurwe 2020]] Impamvu zizwi zitera ibibazo byubuzima bwo mu mutwe mugihe cyicyorezo harimo gutinya kwandura, gusebanya bijyana no kwandura, [[:en:Social|kwigunga]] (byashyizweho nabantu bihungira bonyine cyangwa kubahiriza gufunga), hamwe na masike. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larsen |first=Jo |date=2021-11-29 |title=7 Remote Working From Home Techniques To Protect Mental Health |url=https://jolarsen.com/remote-working-from-home/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=jolarsen.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyari bimukiye mu [[:en:Remote_work|kazi]] kokuri interineti, ubushomeri bw'agateganyo, [[:en:Distance_education|amashuri]] yo mu [[:en:Homeschooling|rugo]] cyangwa amashuri ya [[Kwiga intera|kure]], no kutagira aho bahurira n'abagize umuryango, inshuti ndetse na bagenzi bawe. <ref>https://www.unifiedinfotech.net/blog/the-effects-of-working-from-home-how-to-cope-with-the-new-normal/</ref> == Abitazwi == Igihe icyorezo cyatangiraga, ibyago ntibyari bizwi. Mugihe abantu barwaye binjiye mubitaro kandi inama zemewe zagiye zihinduka, kubura amakuru byongera imihangayiko no guhangayika. <ref name="Labrague_2021">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237073</ref> Ibidashidikanywaho byinshi byagose intangiriro y’icyorezo, harimo kugereranya ibyago byanduye, ibimenyetso bifitanye isano hagati ya '''COVID-19''' nibindi bibazo byubuzima. <ref name="iascg">{{Cite web |title=Inter-Agency Standing Committee Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial support |url=https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331002938/https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |publisher=MH Innovation}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Good_mental_health_2686188.svg|thumb|Good mental health]] [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg|thumb|Mental Health -]] == Agasuzuguro == gihe icyorezo cyatangiraga, umuntu wese wasangaga abantu banduye yagombaga gukemura ikibazo cy’uko bashobora kuba baranduye bityo bakaba bashobora guteza umuryango wabo ndetse n’abandi. Rimwe na rimwe wasangaga basuzugurwa. <ref name="iascg2">{{Cite web |title=Inter-Agency Standing Committee Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial support |url=https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331002938/https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |publisher=MH Innovation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICN COVID-19 Update: New guidance on mental health and psychosocial support will help to alleviate effects of stress on hard-pressed staff |url=https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-covid-19-update-new-guidance-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-will-help-alleviate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328121114/https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-covid-19-update-new-guidance-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-will-help-alleviate |archive-date=28 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=ICN - International Council of Nurses |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/responders.asp</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubuzima_Bwo_mumutwe_mugihe_cya_covid -19}} [[Ikiciro:Health]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] leg99hniwuzx1ddvblekejs8l3r8mt3 0 13090 149503 139927 2026-11-08T04:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149503 wikitext text/x-wiki Inkeragutabara( cyangwa se ambilanse ) ni imodoka ifite ibikoresho byose bikenewe mu buvuzi itwara abarwayi ku bigo nderabuzima ndetse n'ibitaro bitandukanye. Ni ubuvuzi hanze y'[[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali|ibitaro]] buhabwa umurwayi mugihe ajyanywe ku bitaro cyangwa ku kigo nderabuzima.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulance</ref> [[Dosiye:Health_Facilities_like_Ambulance_cars_that_Aid_Health_Standards.jpg|thumb|Inkeragutabara ]] == Amateka y'inkeragutabara == Amateka y'inkeragutabara yatangiye mu gihe cya kera,aho hifashishwaga [[Amagare mu mujyi wa Kigali|amagare]] yo gutwara abarwayi badakira ku ngufu. Ambilanse cyangwa inkeragutabara yakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buvuzi bwihutirwa mu mwaka wa 1487 n’Abesipanyoli, abandi bantu batandukanye batangiye kuyikoresha mu myaka ya za 1830. [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] ryo mu kinyejana cya 19 na 20 ryatumye ambilansi igezweho ikoreshwa.<ref>https://indianahealth.care/history-of-ems</ref> [[Dosiye:Ambulance_readyfor_emargency_response_02.png|thumb|Inkeragutabara ]] == Ibikoresho biba mu nkeragutabara == Mu nkeragutabara( ambilanse ) habamo ibikoresho bitandukanye byifashishwa mu gutanga ubutabazi bwihuse mu gihe umurwayi ajyanywe kwa muganga, harimo ibi bikurikira: === 1. Igikoresho gitanga umwuka === Ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ibanze mu biba muri ambilanse kuko gutanga umwuka bikenerwa cyane mu butabazi bwihutirwa nko kubantu barokotse inkongi y'umuriro, abarwayi bafite ibibazo mu [[Dosiye:Ambulance_readyfor_emargency_response_03.png|thumb|Ambilanse]] buhumekero nk'abarwayi ba asima.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.emergency-live.com/ambulance/top-10-ambulance-equipment/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927142508/https://www.emergency-live.com/ambulance/top-10-ambulance-equipment/ |archive-date=2022-09-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ambulance_Vehicle,_in_Gaborone.jpg|thumb|Ambulance ]] [[Dosiye:Mercedes-Benz_519_CDI_Ambulance_in_Zürich_canton,_Switzerland_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_02.jpg|thumb|Inkeragutabara ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hlhr9vahcvybjn19trbddvceimxj9eo 0 13105 149217 141630 2026-11-07T19:12:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149217 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emery Bayisenge''' (wavutse kuya 2 Ugushyingo 1994) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bishumba |first=Richard |date=3 October 2014 |title=Meet Bayisenge, APR FC's defensive maestro |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/111988/Sports/meet-bayisenge-apr-fcs-defensive-maestro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818210831/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/111988/Sports/meet-bayisenge-apr-fcs-defensive-maestro |archive-date=18 August 2024 |access-date=19 August 2024 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> numukinnyi mpuzamahanga [[Umupira w’amaguru|w'umupira w'amaguru]] w'umunyarwanda ukina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati mw' ikipe ya Gor Mahia yomuri Kenya. == Umwuga w'ikipe == Bayisenge wavukiye [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]], yakinnye umupira wamaguru muri [[Amagaju FC|Amagaju]], [[Isonga FC|Isonga]], [[APR FC|APR]], KAC Kénitra, JS Massira, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bishumba |first=Richard |date=27 September 2017 |title=Bayisenge joins JS El Massira in Morocco |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/144600/Sports/bayisenge-joins-js-el-massira-in-morocco |work=The New Times}}</ref> na USM Algeria . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=USMA : Un joueur rwandais a passé sa visite médicale |url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2018/06/04/usma-un-joueur-rwandais-a-passe-sa-visite-medicale-128680.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517114559/http://www.dzfoot.com/2018/06/04/usma-un-joueur-rwandais-a-passe-sa-visite-medicale-128680.php |archive-date=17 May 2019 |access-date=18 June 2018 |publisher=DZ Foot |language=French}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2015 yari hafi yo kwerekeza mwi ikipeya LASK Linz yomuri Otirishiya. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Komugisha |first=Usher |date=15 July 2015 |title=Bayisenge says goodbye to APR teammates, heads to Austria |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/120682/Sports/bayisenge-says-goodbye-to-apr-teammates-heads-to-austria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824110358/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/120682/Sports/bayisenge-says-goodbye-to-apr-teammates-heads-to-austria |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=The New Times}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2019 yasinye amasezerano n'ikipe ya Saif yomuri Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2019 |title=Bayisenge off to Bangladesh for move to Saif Sporting Club |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/bayisenge-bangladesh-move-saif-sporting-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131145528/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/bayisenge-bangladesh-move-saif-sporting-club |archive-date=31 January 2019 |access-date=31 January 2019 |work=The New Times}}</ref> Yagarutse mu Rwanda muri [[AS Kigali]] muri Nzeri 2020. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=18 September 2020 |title=Bayisenge in advanced talks with AS Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/180068/Sports/bayisenge-in-advanced-talks-with-as-kigali |work=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Furaha |first=Jacques |date=24 September 2020 |title=AS Kigali Signs Defender Emery Bayisenge |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/09/as-kigali-signs-defender-emery-bayisenge/ |website=KT PRESS}}</ref> Yongeye kwiyandikisha kuri Saif muGushyingo 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Furaha |first=Jacques |date=8 November 2021 |title=Bayisenge Returns to Bangladesh Side Saif Sporting Club |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/bayisenge-returns-to-bangladesh-side-saif-sporting-club/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824122552/https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/bayisenge-returns-to-bangladesh-side-saif-sporting-club/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=KT PRESS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2021 |title=Amavubi defender Bayisenge rejoins Saif Sporting Club |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/amavubi-defender-bayisenge-rejoins-saif-sporting-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624135642/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/amavubi-defender-bayisenge-rejoins-saif-sporting-club |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Saif beat Chittagong Abahnai in thriller |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/174109/saif-beat-chittagong-abahnai-in-thriller |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623172256/https://www.newagebd.net/article/174109/saif-beat-chittagong-abahnai-in-thriller |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2023 yemeye gusinyira ikipe ya Gor Mahia yomuri Kenya, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kayinamura |first=Alexis |date=23 February 2023 |title=Bayisenge agrees to Gor move |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5288/sports/bayisenge-agrees-to-gor-move |work=The New Times}}</ref> arangiza muri Werurwe 2023. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=29 March 2023 |title=Bayisenge unveiled at Gor Mahia |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6239/sports/football/bayisenge-unveiled-at-gor-mahia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415181037/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6239/sports/football/bayisenge-unveiled-at-gor-mahia |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olobulu |first=Timothy |date=28 February 2023 |title=Gor Mahia will not sign 'small' players, beams coach McKinstry |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/sports/2023/02/28/gor-mahia-will-not-sign-small-players-beams-coach-mckinstry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182236/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/sports/2023/02/28/gor-mahia-will-not-sign-small-players-beams-coach-mckinstry/ |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=Capital Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakinnye nk'umukinnyi wa kabiri ukina inyuma muriyi kipe mumwaka we wambere w'imikino, ariko avuga ko ashaka kongera amasezerano ye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title=Why Rwandan defender Bayisenge wants to renew his Gor contract |url=https://www.citizen.digital/sports/why-rwandan-defender-bayisenge-wants-to-renew-his-gor-contract-n323303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822204835/https://www.citizen.digital/sports/why-rwandan-defender-bayisenge-wants-to-renew-his-gor-contract-n323303 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> Yatwaye igikombe cya shampiyona muriyo kipe muri uwomwaka w'imikino. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gyimah |first=Edmund Okai |date=26 June 2023 |title=Players Abroad: Imanishimwe, Bayisenge close season with silverware |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8556/sports/football/players-abroad-imanishimwe-bayisenge-close-season-with-silverware |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824101800/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8556/sports/football/players-abroad-imanishimwe-bayisenge-close-season-with-silverware |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=The New Times}}</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Yayoboye ikipe y'u Rwanda y'abatarengeje imyaka 20. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=8 May 2012 |title=Bayisenge set for Toulouse trials |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/72705/Sports/bayisenge-set-for-toulouse-trials |work=The New Times}}</ref> Yakinnye umukino we wambere mpuzamahanga mw' [[Amavubi|ikipe y’u Rwanda]] muri 2011, <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|pid=44928|accessdate=1 October 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/44928.html "Emery Bayisenge"]. ''National Football Teams''. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> kandi yakinnye imikino yo gushaka itike yogukina igikombe cy’isi cya FIFA. === Intego mpuzamahanga === : ''Amanota n'ibisubizo bigaragaza amanota y'u Rwanda ku isonga.'' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Intego ! Itariki ! Aho bizabera ! Umwanzi ! Amanota ! Ibisubizo ! Irushanwa |- | 1. | 16 Mutarama 2016 | [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Stade Amahoro]], [[Kigali]], u Rwanda |{{Fb|CIV}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 1–0 | [[2016 African Nations Championship|Shampiyona y'ibihugu bya Afurika ya 2016]] |} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} o0celp5c2ewww1e6gg1btc6ocrmjels 0 13379 149488 138291 2026-11-08T02:11:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gasore.jpg|thumb|Gasore Serge washinze Gasore serge Foundation]] Gasore Serge Foundation cyahinduriye ubuzima abaturage b’i Ntarama.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113200320/https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i |archive-date=2022-11-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Foundation == Gasore Serge Foundation ni ikigo cyashinnzwe na [[Gasore Serge]] giherereye mu Murenge wa Ntarama mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], Ni ikigo gifasha mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo gufasha abatishoboye birimo uburezi, ubuvuzi, kurwanya imirire mibi, guteza imbere Siporo, kurwanya ingeso mbi mu rubyiruko no kurufasha gutegura imishinga y’ejo hazaza banabashishikariza gushyira imbere Imana.<ref name=":0" /> == Uko yatangiye == Gasore Serge Foundation yashinzwe muri 2016, Gasore avuga ko hari hagamijwe cyane kwita ku mikurire y’abana baturuka mu miryango itifashije ndetse no kwita ku burezi bwabo, bagakura neza ariko baniga.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu mikino == Gasore Serge wahoze ari umukinnyi wabigize umwuga mu gusiganwa ku maguru, yanashyize mu kigo cye gahunda y’amarushanwa anyuranye afasha abana n'urubyiruko kuzamura impano. cyane gusiganwa ku maguru ndetse no ku magare.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] ar570mx0yu7rbrkj1x2bkno6iuwruoo 0 13385 149346 138412 2026-11-07T20:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain Tea Products.jpg|thumb|Rwanda mountain tea products]] Packaging and Blending Unit ya [[Rwanda Mountain Tea]] (RMT) ni rumwe mu [[Inganda z'icyayi mu Rwanda|inganda z' icyayi]] nini zivanga, zigafunika kandi zigapakira neza [[icyayi]] mu [[Rwanda]], ruherereye i Masoro mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda hazwi nka Kigali Special Economic Zone phase 1 (KSEZ).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamountaintea.com/responsive/english/group-companies/article/rwanda-tea-parkers?lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623001833/http://www.rwandamountaintea.com/responsive/english/group-companies/article/rwanda-tea-parkers?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>havangirwa amoko y' icyayi atandukanye akurikira: # Gold Blend Tea Bags # Gold Blend Loose tea # Green Blend Tea Bags # Green Blend Loose Tea # Mild Blend Tea Bags # Tangawize Tea Bags # strong Blend Tea Bags # Organic Black Tea Bags # Organic Green Tea Bags # Black Loose Tea [[Dosiye:Rwanda mountain tea ltd Products.jpg|thumb|Rwanda mountain tea products]] aya moko yose avangirwa muri uru ruganda kandi niho afunukirwa neza kugirango ajyanwe ku isoko, uru ruganda kandi rwihariye 15% y' icyayi gitunganirizwa mu Rwanda kuko rutunganya kandi rukongerera agaciro toni milliyoni 5 z' icyayi buri mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamountaintea.com/responsive/english/group-companies/article/rwanda-tea-parkers?lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623001833/http://www.rwandamountaintea.com/responsive/english/group-companies/article/rwanda-tea-parkers?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rwanda Tea Packer (Rwanda Mountain Tea) ifite kandi impamyabushobozi zivugururwa kandi zigenzurwa n' inzego mpuzamahanga zemeza mu gutunganya ibiribwa, yagiye itsindira n'ibihembo bitandukanye kubera gutunganya icyayi cy' ujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=45&L=1%27%22 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2022-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114142859/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=45&L=1%27%22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} # ''https://web.archive.org/web/20200623001833/http://www.rwandamountaintea.com/responsive/english/group-companies/article/rwanda-tea-parkers?lang=en'' # ''https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SEZAR-Catalogue.pdf'' # ''https://web.archive.org/web/20221114142859/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=45&L=1%27%22'' n3bpnw60qfijqsrpgpmwcy0w799buqo 0 13414 149539 138585 2026-11-08T08:27:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149539 wikitext text/x-wiki Rise And Shine Talent Hunt Rwanda ni amarushanwa ya teguwe nu muryango witwa Rise and Shine World Inc kubufatanye na JAM Global Events kugikorwa cyo gushaka abanyempano mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana ku ishuro yaryo ya 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jamglobalevents.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120120619/https://jamglobalevents.com/ |archive-date=2022-11-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/kayonza-abitabiriye-rise-and-shine-talent-hunt-bagaragaje-ubuhanga-butangaje</ref> Abato ndetse n’ abakuru ntawuhejwe rikazazenguruka intara zose zu Rwanda aho rizahemba miliyoni 10 Frw ku muntu umwe uzaryegukana uwa kabiri abone miliyoni eshatu naho uwa gatatu akazahabwa miliyoni ebyiri. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://isage.rw/imyidagaduro/hari-uzegukana-miliyoni-10-amarushanwa-yo-gushaka-abanyempano-mu-kuririmba-indirimbo-zihimbaza-imana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120120624/https://isage.rw/imyidagaduro/hari-uzegukana-miliyoni-10-amarushanwa-yo-gushaka-abanyempano-mu-kuririmba-indirimbo-zihimbaza-imana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iri rushanwa harimo ibyiciro bibiri : aho hari abahanzi bazazwe bafite indirimbo basohoye ziri hanze nabandi badafite indirimbo nimwe basohoye bakaba bazahabwa ubufasha buri cyiciro hazahembwa abantu 3 bivuzeko bazahemba abantu 6 hose.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/abanyempano-mu-ndirimbo-zo-kuramya-no-guhimbaza-imana-bagiye-guhatanira-miliyoni-10frw</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115603/rise-and-shine-ministries-yerekanye-abanyempano-22-bitabiriye-irushanwa-gospel-talent-hunt-115603.html</ref><ref>https://lecanape.rw/musique-les-talents-des-chants-gospel-vont-concourir/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/30286/the-rise-and-shine-of-rwandaas-gospel-music</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa yo kuririmba]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] ae5t9esaoikvr2n2a4y59efdxpa82md 0 13517 149466 147884 2026-11-07T21:42:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 149466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rayon sport ni ikipe ubundi bamwe bakunda kwita gikundiro. Rayon sport yashinzwe muri gicurasi 1965 kuri stade regionale i kigali .''' [[Dosiye:Umufana wa Rayon Sport.jpg|thumb|Umufana wa Rayon sport]] '''Rayon Sports Women Football Club''' ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ikaba iri muri Shampiyona yu [[Rwanda]] m’Icyiciro cya Kabiri mu Bagore.<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/inshundura-arazihumurirwa-ni-haaland-w-i-kigali-imanizabayo-yavuze-ku-buzima</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2100/sports/football/rayon-sports-women-sign-imanizabayo</ref> Ikipe ya Rayon Sports ya bagore ikaba yegukanye igikombe cya Shampiyona y’icyiciro cya kabiri mu mupira w’amaguru w’abagore, ni umukino w'abereye kuri [[Stade ya Bugesera|Sitade ya Bugesera]] , aho yatsinze [[ikipe]] y’Indahangarwa byari bihanganye, akaba aricyo gikombe cy'ambere itwaye kuva yashingwa .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/rayon-sports-y-abagore-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-y-icyiciro-cya-kabiri</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-y-abagore-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-idatsinzwe-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/05/rayon-yabagore-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-04 |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804124920/https://umuseke.rw/2023/05/rayon-yabagore-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rayon-Sports-yatuye-Perezida-Kagame-Igikombe-cy-Amahoro-yatwaye-APR-FC</ref> == abakinnyi ba rayon sports y'abagore == * Sifa * Dorothée * Izabayo * Alice * Mukeshimana * Joseline * Jeannette .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/129352/rayon-sports-wfc-yegukanye-igikombe-itsinze-indahangarwa-wfc-amafoto-129352.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/rayon-sports-igeze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma-w-igikombe-cy-amahoro-yaherukagayo-2018</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] c6nd6dqwhi2vm2ayrozs6xvd9ctwz70 0 13534 149293 145764 2026-11-07T20:05:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994;''' ni imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani ziyobowe n’ishuri [https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/en/home ry’umurage ndangamuco ry’u Rwanda] (RCHA). Yubatswe mu nyubako y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u [[Rwanda]] (CND) (yahoze yitwa ''Conseil National de Development'' ) ikaba yarafunguwe mu 2017 na [[Paul Kagame]] hagamijwe kwerekana amateka y’u [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cy'ubukangurambaga bwokurwanya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Museum for Campaign Against Genocide |url=https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=museum.gov.rw |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611124839/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko yatoranijwe nk'ahantu hazabera iyi ngoro ndangamurage kuko yari irimo abasirikare 600 bo mu [[Rwanda]], kuva mu Kuboza 1993 kugeza 1994 mu gihe biteguraga gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yagutse n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y'inzibacyuho. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-04 |title=What is the message behind monuments at the Campaign against Genocide Museum? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-message-behind-monuments-campaign-against-genocide-museum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704135425/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-message-behind-monuments-campaign-against-genocide-museum |archive-date=2021-07-04 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Paul Kagame]], Umuyobozi wa RPA w’Ubuyobozi Bukuru, nyuma, mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], yategetse ko abo basirikare bava mu buroko bwabo kugira ngo bakize Abatutsi ibihumbi bishwe. <ref name=":0"/> Inzu ndangamurage y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside yo mu nteko ishinga amategeko yafunguwe ku ya 4 Nyakanga 2014. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-07-10 |title=Rwanda launches new tourism destination: Campaign Against Genocide Museum |url=https://www.atta.travel/news/2014/06/rwanda-launches-new-tourism-destination-campaign-against-genocide-museum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730222531/https://www.atta.travel/news/2014/06/rwanda-launches-new-tourism-destination-campaign-against-genocide-museum/ |archive-date=2021-07-30 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=ATTA}}</ref> == Intego nyamukuru == Intego nyamukuru y’Ubukangurambaga bwo Kurwanya Jenoside ni uburyo yateguwe kandi ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa n’ingabo z’igihugu cy'uRwanda hatitawe ku kuvana ingabo z’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya jenoside. Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kandi uburyo abasirikare magana 600 ba RPA barokoye abahohotewe. Imwe mu nzibutso zizwi cyane ni imbunda ya mashini yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za RPA ziba mu nyubako y’inteko ishinga amategeko mu kugabanya ingufu za jenoside. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-18 |title=RDF defends war memorial monuments at parliament |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rdf-defends-war-memorial-monuments-at-parliament--1326302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730222753/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rdf-defends-war-memorial-monuments-at-parliament--1326302 |archive-date=2021-07-30 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994; irimo ibije bitandukanye bisobanura byimbitse ibice by' amasezerano yasinywe yo guhuza za guverinoma, inama zabaye , n'uragamba rwo guhagarika jenocide.<ref name=":1" /> Bimwe biri munyandiko , mu mashusho na amajwi . == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>1°57′09″S 30°05′56″E / 1.9526°S 30.0989°E / -1.9526; 30.0989 {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} 4f3tgn63vcikm5ba64dmqqj1guyppjo 0 13679 149270 146669 2026-11-07T19:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:StRolloxChemical 1831.jpg|thumb|Urwego rwo guhumanya ikirere rwazamutse mu gihe cya Revolisiyo y’inganda, bituma amategeko ya mbere y’ibidukikije agezweho yemejwe hagati mu kinyejana cya 19.|307x307px]] '''Ihuriro ry’ibidukikije''' (rimwe na rimwe ryitwa ko ryita '''ku bidukikije''' ), harimo no kubungabunga ibidukikije na politiki y’icyatsi, ni umuryango utandukanye wa filozofiya, imibereho, na politiki yo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije . Abashinzwe ibidukikije bashyigikira imicungire iboneye kandi irambye y’umutungo no kwita ku bidukikije binyuze mu guhindura politiki rusange n’imyitwarire ya buri muntu. Mu kwemeza ko ikiremwamuntu kigira uruhare mu (atari umwanzi w’ibinyabuzima ), uyu mutwe wibanze ku bidukikije, ubuzima, n’uburenganzira bwa muntu . huriro ry’ibidukikije ni umuryango mpuzamahanga, uhagarariwe n’imiryango itandukanye, kuva mu nganda kugera mu nzego z'ibanze kandi bitandukanye mu bihugu. Bitewe nabanyamuryango benshi, imyizerere itandukanye kandi ikomeye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe imiterere yibitekerezo, ibidukikije bidahwema guhuza intego zabyo. Uru rugendo kandi rukubiyemo izindi ngendo zimwe na zimwe zibanze cyane, nk’imihindagurikire [[:en:Climate_movement|y’ikirere]] . Muri rusange, uyu mutwe urimo abikorera ku giti cyabo, abanyamwuga, [[Iyobokamana n'ibidukikije|abihaye Imana]], abanyapolitiki, abahanga, [[:en:Climate_movement|imiryango idaharanira inyungu]], ndetse n'ababunganira ku giti cyabo. == Amateka == === Ibyowamenya Mbere === [[Dosiye:Sir William Schlich07.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri bo mwishuri ryamashyamba ahitwa Oxford, basuye amashyamba ya Saxony mumwaka wa 1892]] kwita ku bidukikije hakiri kare byaranze [[:en:Romantic_movement|urujya n'uruza rw'Abaroma]] mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19. Umusizi William Wordsworth yari yarazengurutse cyane mu Karere k'Ikiyaga cy'Ubwongereza maze yandika ko ari "ubwoko bw'igihugu aho buri muntu afite uburenganzira n'inyungu bifite ijisho ryo kumva n'umutima wo kwishimira". <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wordsworth</ref> nkomoko y’ibidukikije byatewe no kwiyongera kw’umwanda uhumanya [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133251/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ ikirere] mu gihe cya Revolution Revolution . Kuba havutse inganda zikomeye no kwiyongera gukabije mu gukoresha amakara byatumye habaho urugero rutigeze rubaho rw’umwanda uhumanya ikirere mu nganda; nyuma ya 1900 ingano nini y’inganda ziva mu nganda ziyongereye ku mutwaro wiyongera w’imyanda y’abantu itavuwe. <ref name="Donora">{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=James R. |last2=Bethany R. Knorr |title=History of the Clean Air Act |url=http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133251/http://www.ametsoc.org/sloan/cleanair/ |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=14 February 2006 |publisher=American Meteorological Society}}</ref> Kubera igitutu cya politiki cyiyongereye kuva mu mijyi yo hagati yo mu mijyi, amategeko ya mbere manini manini y’ibidukikije agezweho yaje mu buryo bw’ibikorwa bya Alkali byo mu Bwongereza, byemejwe mu 1863, kugira ngo agenzure ihumana ry’ikirere ( aside hydrochloric acide ) ryatanzwe na gahunda ya Leblanc ., ikoreshwa mu gukora ivu rya soda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2018 |title=Climate Change First Became News 30 Years Ago. Why Haven't We Fixed It? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/07/embark-essay-climate-change-pollution-revkin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114221303/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2018/07/embark-essay-climate-change-pollution-revkin/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 November 2019 |website=Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Urugendo rwo kubungabunga == Ibikorwa bigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije bigaragaye bwa mbere mu mashyamba yo [[Ubuhinde|mu Buhinde]], hifashishijwe amahame yo kubungabunga siyansi. Imyitwarire yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yatangiye guhinduka harimo amahame atatu y’ibanze: ko ibikorwa by’umuntu byangije ibidukikije, ko hari inshingano z’abaturage zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihe bizaza, kandi ko hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwa siyansi, bushingiye ku bumenyi kugira ngo iyi nshingano ikorwe; hanze. James Ranald Martin yari icyamamare mu guteza imbere iyi ngengabitekerezo, asohora raporo nyinshi z’ubuvuzi-bw’imiterere y’ubuvuzi yerekanaga urugero rw’ibyangiritse byatewe no gutema amashyamba manini no gutema ibiti, ndetse no guharanira ko hashyirwaho ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amashyamba mu Buhinde bw’Ubwongereza hifashishijwe ishami ry’amashyamba. . <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9cAHAQAAIAAJ</ref> ==== Inyandiko ==== {{Reflist}} jimcmb61fweh5d8fouaxvpigfrd97n1 0 13693 149271 144984 2026-11-07T20:00:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo cya Koperative ishinzwe gukoresha ikirere n’ubushakashatsi''' ( '''CICAR''' ) cyari ubufatanye bukomeye hagati y’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA) Ibiro by’ubushakashatsi bw’inyanja n’ikirere (OAR) n’ikigo cy’isi, kaminuza ya Kolumbiya. Insanganyamatsiko yubushakashatsi bwa CICAR yari: * Kwerekana, gusobanukirwa, guhanura, no gusuzuma imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’imihindagurikire * Iterambere, gukusanya, gusesengura, no kubika amakuru y'ibikoresho na Paleoclimate * Guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa iteganyagihe ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guhindura iteganyagihe no gusuzuma kugira ngo bitange amakuru ku bafata ibyemezo no gusuzuma ingaruka ku mutungo w’amazi, ubuhinzi, ubuzima, na politiki '''CICAR''' yasinye amasezerano y’imyaka 10 y’ubufatanye ku ya 30 Kamena 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research (CICAR) |url=https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/research/other/cooperative-institute-climate-applications-and-research-cicar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213065435/https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/research/other/cooperative-institute-climate-applications-and-research-cicar |archive-date=2011-12-13 |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=}}</ref> == Ishakiro == {{Reflist}} 1q3hzhvdraol9hhezeh6ewjf4t1e8ji 0 13701 149282 115066 2026-11-07T20:03:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Air pollution3.jpg|thumb|Ihumanywa ryikirere|393x393px]] [[Dosiye:Reftinsky reservoir of Sverdlovsk region.jpg|thumb|ikirere|340x340px]] [[Dosiye:Polluted air from smoke and smog from burning waste, Tetovo, Macedonia.jpg|thumb|Imyotsi mu kirere]] [[Dosiye:Air pollution near Haifa.jpg|thumb|ikirere cya Haifa]] [[Dosiye:Air pollution over Fayance.JPG|thumb|Ikirere cya Fayance]] '''Inama ngishwanama ku miterere y’ibihe (CCAG)''' ni itsinda ryigenga ry’abahanga batanga inama ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2021 |title=World-leading scientists launch international climate crisis advisory group |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/climate-crisis-advisory-group-sage-b1870049.html |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> iyobowe na Bwana David King . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2021 |title=Head of Independent Sage to launch international climate change group |url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jun/20/head-of-independent-sage-to-launch-international-climate-change-group |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Nowhere is safe, say scientists as extreme heat causes chaos in US and Canada |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/01/nowhere-is-safe-say-scientists-as-extreme-heat-causes-chaos-in-us-and-canada |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Itsinda ryatewe inkunga n'ikigo gishinzwe gusigasira ikirere . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FAQs |url=https://www.ccag.earth/faq |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Climate Crisis Advisory Group |language=en-GB}}</ref> Intego yacyo ni "uguha abaturage b'isi ubusesenguzi buri gihe ku bijyanye n'ingamba zo guhangana n'ibibazo byo gushyuha kw'isi n'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye". <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2021 |title=Head of Independent Sage to launch international climate change group |url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jun/20/head-of-independent-sage-to-launch-international-climate-change-group |access-date=9 September 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Itangizwa rya CCAG na raporo ya mbere ivuga ko Isi ishobora kuba yaramaze guca ahantu henshi hashobora guteza akaga, harimo gushonga amababi ya barafu, gutinda kwa Atlantike no kugabanuka kw’ishyamba ry’imvura rya Amazone, byerekana ko hakenewe umuvuduko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CCAG |date=June 2021 |title=The Global Climate Crisis and the Action Needed |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60ccae658553d102459d11ed/t/60d421c67f1dc67d682d8d29/1624515027604/CCAG+Launch+Paper.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624093509/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60ccae658553d102459d11ed/t/60d421c67f1dc67d682d8d29/1624515027604/CCAG+Launch+Paper.pdf |archive-date=24 June 2021 |website=ccag.earth}}</ref> == Abagize itsinda == Abanyamuryango ba CCAG ni abahanga mu bumenyi butandukanye bose baharanira ibidukikije. Itsinda ryashinzwe kuburyo umugabane wose (usibye Antaragitika) wari uhagarariwe. Abanyamuryango bose bitanga igihe cyabo mumatsinda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FAQs |url=https://www.ccag.earth/faq |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Climate Crisis Advisory Group |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.ccag.earth/faq "FAQs"]. ''Climate Crisis Advisory Group''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Abanyamuryango barimo: * Nerilie Aburamu <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2021 |title=Reducing carbon emissions not enough, expert warns |url=https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/reducing-carbon-emissions-not-enough-expert-warns |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=ANU |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Who are we? |url=https://www.ccag.earth/about |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Climate Crisis Advisory Group |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Ade Adepitan - Uwatanze ikiganiro <ref name=":2" /> * [[Laura Diaz Anadon]] <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. Fatih Birol Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Mercedes Bustamante <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. Robert W. Corell <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. [[Arunabha Ghosh]] <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Sir David King - Intebe <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. Klaus Lackner <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * [[Mark Maslin]] <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. [[Tero Mustonen]] <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Lavanya Rajamani <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Johan Rockström <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * Dr. [[Tara Shirvani]] - Umufasha <ref name=":2" /> * Lorraine Whitmarsh <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> * [[Qi Ye]] <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} edd6uq438d257v4uoc45vu5tt5ldmab 0 13809 149267 145412 2026-11-07T19:49:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bodenart.jpg|thumb|ngero zubutaka bwubwoko butandukanye bwubutaka|237x237px]] '''Gutondekanya''' [[ubutaka]] bujyanye no gutondekanya gahunda yubutaka bushingiye ku gutandukanya ibiranga kimwe n’ibipimo byerekana guhitamo gukoreshwa. == Incamake == Gutondekanya ubutaka ni ikintu gifite imbaraga, uhereye kumiterere ya sisitemu, kugeza kubisobanuro byamasomo, kugeza kubisabwa mumurima. Gutondekanya ubutaka birashobora kwegerwa ukurikije ubutaka nkibintu nubutaka nkibikoresho. [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|216x216px|ubutaka]] Ibyanditswe ku rusengero rwa Horus ahitwa Edfu byerekana ibyiciro byubutaka bwakoreshejwe na Tanen kugirango hamenyekane urusengero rwubaka ahazabera. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116191</ref> Intiti za kera z'Abagereki zashyize mu byiciro zishingiye ku mico itandukanye y'ubutaka. <ref>https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.uoregon.edu/dist/d/3735/files/2013/07/antiquity-2008-1l4ladp.pdf</ref> == Ubwengeniyeri == [[:en:Geotechnical_engineering|Ba injeniyeri ba geotechnique]] bashyira mubutaka ukurikije imiterere yubuhanga bwabo nkuko bifitanye isano no gukoresha inkunga yishingiro cyangwa ibikoresho byubaka. Sisitemu yubuhanga bugezweho yashizweho kugirango yemere guhinduka byoroshye kuva kwitegereza kumurima kugera kubintu byibanze byubutaka bwubutaka nimyitwarire. [[Dosiye:100frw.png|thumb|Amafaranga|152x152px]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka|220x220px]] Sisitemu ikunze gutondekanya mubutaka muri Amerika ya ruguru ni [[:en:AASHTO_Soil_Classification_System|Sisitemu ihuriweho n'ubutaka]] (USCS). USCS ifite amatsinda atatu yingenzi yo gutondekanya: (1) ubutaka bworoshye (urugero: [[Umusenyi|umucanga]] na [[Amabuye|kaburimbo]] ); (2) ubutaka bwiza cyane (urugero: ibumba n'ibumba ); na (3) ubutaka kama cyane (byitwa " [[Peat|umutaka]] "). USCS iragabanya ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi byubutaka kugirango bisobanurwe. Itandukanya umucanga na kaburimbo nubunini bwingano, ishyira bamwe nka "amanota meza" naho ayandi "afite amanota mabi". Amashanyarazi n'ibumba bitandukanijwe nubutaka bwa Atterberg, bityo ubutaka bugabanywa mubutaka bwa "plastike nyinshi" na "plastike nkeya". Ubutaka buciriritse buringaniye bufatwa nkigabanywa ryumucyo nibumba kandi bitandukanijwe nubutaka budasanzwe nimihindagurikire yimiterere ya plastike (nimbibi za Atterberg) kumisha. Sisitemu yo gutondekanya ubutaka bwiburayi (ISO 14688) irasa cyane, itandukanye cyane cyane mukwandika no kongeramo "intera-plastike" hagati ya silitike nibumba, no muburyo burambuye.Ubundi buryo bwo gutondekanya ubutaka bwububiko muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika burimo [[:en:AASHTO_Soil_Classification_System|sisitemu yo gutondekanya ubutaka bwa AASHTO]], itondekanya ubutaka hamwe nuburinganire ugereranije nuburyo bukwiye bwo kubaka kaburimbo, hamwe na Modified Burmister sisitemu ikora kimwe na USCS ariko ikubiyemo code nyinshi kubutaka butandukanye bwubutaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald M. Burmister |url=http://www.civil.columbia.edu/ling/burmister/burmister.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415003511/http://www.civil.columbia.edu/ling/burmister/burmister.html |archive-date=2012-04-15 |access-date=2014-06-11 |publisher=Civil.columbia.edu}}</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'ubutaka == [[Dosiye:SoilTextureTriangle.svg|thumb|200x200px|igishushanyo kibigaragaz]] Kubutunzi bwubutaka, ubunararibonye bwerekanye ko sisitemu karemano yuburyo bwo gutondekanya, ni ukuvuga guteranya ubutaka kubintu byabo bwite ( [[Ubutaka|morphologie yubutaka]] ), imyitwarire, cyangwa [[Imiterere y'ubutaka|genesi]], bivamo amasomo ashobora gusobanurwa kubintu byinshi bitandukanye. Gutandukanya imyumvire ya pedogenezi, no gutandukanya mubisobanuro byimiterere ya morphologique kumikoreshereze itandukanye yubutaka birashobora kugira ingaruka muburyo bwo gutondeka. Nubwo hari itandukaniro, muri sisitemu yubatswe neza, ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana itsinda bisa kugirango ibisobanuro bidatandukanye cyane. Ibi bitandukanye nuburyo bwa tekiniki yuburyo bwo gutondekanya ubutaka, aho ubutaka buteranijwe hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gukoresha bwihariye nibiranga edaphic . == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 6hb89bfowti5tdxl67fa5tedgy5802n 0 13827 149509 146563 2026-11-08T05:50:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149509 wikitext text/x-wiki Muri iyi minsi ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi rigeze kure kugeza ubwo umuntu ashobora gutwitira abandi babyeyi.Ushobora gukeka ko ikiremwamuntu aricyo cyabitangiye mbere, nyamara siko biri kuko inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa Klass’s cuckoo zatangiye gukora ibisa nk’ibyo kuva kera. == Uko yororoka == Iyi nyoni iyo ishatse kororoka igenda agatera amagi mu byari by’izindi nyoni, hanyuma indi mirimo yose isigaye zikayikora zibwira ko zibikorera amagi n’imishwi yayo. == Inkomoko == Umuvumbuzi w’Umufaransa witwaga François Le Vaillant mu mwaka wa 1806, mu gitabo cye yise “Histoire naturelle des oiseaux d’Afrique” yise inyoni izina rya Klaas’s cuckoo mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro inshuti ye yitwaga Klaas yari imaze gupfa kandi yaramufashije muri byinshi ubwo yari mu bushakashatsi bushingiye ku nyoni zo muri Afurika. == Imiterere == Klaas’s cuckoo ni inyoni ifite uburebure bwa santimetero ziri hagati ya 16 na 18. Ikigabo n’ikigore ubirebye n’amaso ushobora guhita ubona itandukaniro ryabyo. Ikigabo gifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi rivanzemo utudomo tw’umweru kandi ku nda hakaba hariho ibara ry’umweru. Ikigore gifite ibara rijya gusa n’ikijuju, hanyuma amababa akajya gusa n’icyatsi kibisi kandi ku nda hakaba hariho uturongo tw’umweru. Izi nyoni iyo ziguruka, ikigabo kigaragaza ibara ry’umweru cyane kandi amababa yo munsi aba ajya kwijima, mu gihe ikigore iyo kiguruka ubona ibara ry’ikijuju ariryo rigaragara cyane. Ikigabo n’ikigore iyo bihagaze ku giti ibara ry’umweru riragaragara == Aho wayisanga == Iyi nyoni ikunda kuboneka mu bihugu biri munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu gice cy’Afurika y’Amajyepfo iboneka cyane cyane muri Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Afurika y’Epfo n’ahandi. Iyi nyoni ikunda kuba mu biti ahantu hasa n’ahashashe, mu busitani, mu biti bikikije imirima y’ubuhinzi, mu mashyamba n’ahandi hatandukanye. Muri Kigali iyi nyoni ishobora kuboneka i Nyarutarama ku cyuzi cyo kwa Nyagahene. == Imirire == Klaas’s cuckoo ikunda kurya udusimba duto by’umwihariko ibinyugunyugu, ibinyabwoya n’ibindi bitandukanye. Ikunda gushakira ibyo kurya mu biti aho ikunda gufata ibiyitunga mu mababi y’ibiti ndetse n’udusimba twaba turimo kuguruka. Ishobora no kurya utubuto n’imiswa. == Uko ibayeho == Klaas’s cuckoo ni inyoni ifite imyitwarire nk’iya Matene kuko nayo ntabwo ijya yubaka icyari ahubwo itera amagi mu byari by’izindi nyoni. Iyo Klass’s cuckoo iteye amagi mu cyari cy’iyindi nyoni, iyo nyoni irarira ayo magi izi ko ari ayayo ndetse ikayaturaga kandi ikita ku mishwi. Iyo igihe cyo gutera amagi kigeze Klaas’s cuckoo igenda itera nibura igi mu cyari cy’indi nyoni. Bivugwa ko mu gihe kimwe iyi nyoni ishobora gutera amagi 24 mu byari bitandukanye. Ayo magi igihe cyo kuyararira kiri hagati y’iminsi 11-12. Nyuma gato yo guturagwa kw’imishwi ya Klaas’s cuckoo, ihita yica imishwi y’iyo nyoni binyuze mu kuyihirikira hasi cyangwa igata hasi amagi y’iyo nyoni. Umushwi wa Klaas’s cuckoo uguma mu cyari cy’iyo nyoni iminsi 19-21. Mu gihe uwo mushwi udahise ubona nyina ngo uyisange ushobora kugumana n’iyo nyoni itari nyina indi minsi 25. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/klass-s-cuckoo-inyoni-ziboneka-i-nyarutarama-zitagira-ibyari-kandi-zitajya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219160412/http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/klass-s-cuckoo-inyoni-ziboneka-i-nyarutarama-zitagira-ibyari-kandi-zitajya |archive-date=2023-02-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} rih4q1q8prgke6nn3qby5ckuljadm3r 0 13915 149279 145759 2026-11-07T20:02:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|bodyclass=aho iherereye|above=Afurika y'iburasirazuba|image=[[File:Africa-countries-eastern.png|200px]]|caption=Afurika y'Iburasirazuba|label1=Area|data1=|label2=|data2=|label3=|data3=|label4=|data4=|label5=|data5=}} ==  Afurika y'Iburasirazuba == '''Afurika y'Iburasirazuba''',cyangwa '''Uburasirazuba bwa Afurika''', ni agace gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibarurishamibare ry’uturere, uturere10 - 11- (16 *) tugize Afurika y'Iburasirazuba: <ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |url=http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713041240/http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=22 September 2008 |website=un.org}}</ref> Bitewe n’amateka y'ubwami bwaOmani n’ubutaka bw’abakoloni b'abongereza bwo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika ndetse n’Ubudage bw’Uburasirazuba , ijambo ''Afurika y’iburasirazuba'' rikunze gukoreshwa (cyane cyane mu rurimi rw’icyongereza) ryakoreshwaga ryerekeza ku gace ubu kagizwe n’ibihugu bitatu ari byo [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . <ref>"East Africa". ''The New Oxford Dictionary of English'', Judy Pearsall, ed. 2001. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; p. 582. "The eastern part of the African continent, especially the countries of [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], and [[Tanzania]]."</ref> <ref>Robert M. Maxon, ''East Africa: An Introductory History'', 2 Revised edition, (West Virginia University: 1994), p. 1</ref> <ref>Mary Fitzpatrick and Tom Parkinson, ''Lonely Planet East Africa'', 7th edition, (Lonely Planet Publications: 2006), p. 13</ref> <ref>Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Ed.'', p. 24</ref> Icyakora, ntabwo bigeze bashyiraho izindi ndimi nyinshi, aho iryo muri rusange hari rifite imiterere yagutse, bityo rikaba ryarimo Djibouti, Eritereya, Etiyopiya, ndetse na Somaliya. <ref name="Somaliland">Somaliland is not included in the United Nations geoscheme, as it is internationally [[Diplomatic recognition|recognized]] as a part of Somalia.</ref> <ref>"East Africa". ''Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary'', 3rd ed. 2001. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.; p. 339. "A term often used of the area now comprising the countries of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Somalia; sometimes used to include also other neighboring countries of E Africa."</ref> <ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61</ref> <ref>"East Africa". ''Encyclopedia of Food and Culture.'' 2003. The Gage Group Inc. "East Africa comprises ten countries: Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya."</ref> <ref>Sandra Fullerton Joireman, ''Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa'', (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1</ref> * [[Tanzaniya]], [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] ni ibihugu by'abanyamuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|b'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] . Batanu ba mbere banashyizwe mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari]] bya Afurika. Rimwe na rimwe u Burundi n'u Rwanda bifatwa nk'igice cya Afurika yo hagati .  <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2017 |title=Eastern Africa region |url=https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/working-regional-seas/regional-seas-programmes/eastern-africa}}</ref> * [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]] bizwi ku izina rya Ihembe rya Afurika . <ref name="Stock">Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guildford Press; 2004), p. 26</ref> <ref name="IRIN">{{Cite web |title=IRIN – Horn of Africa |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Region.aspx?Region=HOA&Service=ENG |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828095316/http://www.irinnews.org//Africa-Region.aspx?Region=HOA&Service=ENG |archive-date=28 August 2010 |access-date=14 April 2008 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> <ref name="Hodd">Michael Hodd, ''East Africa Handbook'', 7th Edition, (Passport Books: 2002), p. 21: "To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia."</ref> <ref name="Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, ''The New Encyclopedia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61: "The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Somaliland."</ref> <ref name="Joireman">Sandra Fullerton Joireman, ''Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa'', (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1: "The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments."</ref> Aka gace nuburasirazuba bwiburasirazuba bwumugabane wa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa |url=http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/unit-four/module-twenty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111220613/http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/unit-four/module-twenty/ |archive-date=11 January 2019 |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Exploring Africa}}</ref> * [[Komore|Comoros]], [[Morise|Maurice]], na [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] - ibihugu bito birwa mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde .[[Dosiye:East_African_Community_heads_of_state.jpg|thumb|East African Community heads of state (2010)]] * [[Reyiniyo|Réunion]], [[Mayoti|Mayotte]] (mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu birwa bya Comoro ) hamwe n'ibirwa bitatanye mu nyanja y'Abahinde - Uturere two mu Bufaransa two mu mahanga na two mu nyanja y'Abahinde. * [[Mozambike]] na [[Madagasikari]] - bikunze gufatwa nk'igice cya Afrika yepfo, ku ruhande rwiburasirazuba bwumugabane. Madagasikari ifitanye isano rya hafi n’umuco wo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw'Aziya na Afurika y’iburasirazuba, ndetse n’ibirwa byo mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde . * [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya]], na [[Zimbabwe]] - akenshi na byo byashyizwe muri Afurika y'Epfo, kandi byahoze bigize Federasiyo yo Hagati (bizwi kandi n'amateka nka ''Federasiyo ya Rodeziya na Nyasaland'' ). * [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani yepfo]] na [[Sudani]] - hamwe igice [[Nili|cyikibaya cya Nili]] . Ziherereye mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwumugabane. <ref name="EAPP">{{Cite web |title=Eastern Africa Power Pool |url=http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/July/Afriac%20CEC%20session%202_EAPP_Gebrehiwot_220613.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007054320/http://irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/July/Afriac%20CEC%20session%202_EAPP_Gebrehiwot_220613.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |access-date=15 October 2014 |publisher=EAPP}}</ref> Abanyamuryango b’isoko rusange rya Afrika y'uburasirazuba n’amajyepfo (COMESA) agace k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. == Imiterere n'ikirere == [[Dosiye:Aqua_rwanda_05jun04_250m.jpg|thumb| Ishusho yakarere kari hagati y'ikiyaga cya Victoria (iburyo) n’ibiyaga Edward, [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]] na Tanganyika (kuva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo) byerekana ibimera byinshi (icyatsi kibisi) n'umuriro (umutuku).]] Bimwe mu bice by'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byamamaye cyane kubera ko ahanini bikungahaye ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi nini cyane kurusha izindi, nka " bitanu binini ": inzovu, inyamanswa, intare, imvubu z'umukara, n'ingwe, nubwo abaturage bagiye bagabanuka kubera imihangayiko yiyongereye mu bihe byashize, cyane cyane iz'inzovu n'inzovu. Imiterere y'Afrika y'uburasirazuba ikunze kuba myiza Yakozwe cyane cyane n'imbaraga za tectonic y'isi yose yashyizeho ibibaya bya Afurika yuburasirazuba, Afrika y'uburasirazuba niho hari umusozi wa Kilimanjaro nu musozi wa Kenya, impinga ebyiri ndende muri Afrika. Harimo kandi ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini ku isi gifite amazi meza, ikiyaga cya Victoria, n’ikiyaga cya kabiri cyimbitse ku isi, ikiyaga cya Tanganyika . Ikirere cy'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ntigisanzwe. Kubera guhuza ubutumburuke muri kariya karere muri rusange hamwe n'igicucu cyimvura y'umuyaga w’iburengerazuba watewe n’imisozi ya Rwenzori n’imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya, Afurika y’iburasirazuba igira igihe cy'ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bitunguranye kubera ubutumburuke bwaho. Mu by'ukuri, ku nkombe za Somaliya, imyaka myinshi ishobora kugenda nta mvura iyo ari yo yose. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=3457–3466}}</ref> Ahandi imvura y'umwaka muri rusange yiyongera yerekeza mu majyepfo hamwe n'ubutumburuke, hafi 400 mm (16) muri) i [[Mogadishu]] na 1,200 mm (47) muri) i Mombasa ku nkombe, mu gihe imbere yiyongera kuva 130 mm (5 muri) i Garoowe kugeza hejuru ya 1,100 mm (43) muri) i Moshi hafi ya Kilimanjaro. harihariye, [[Itumba|imvura]] nyinshi igwa mu bihe ''bibiri'' bitandukanye, kimwe cy'ibanze muri Mata ikindi mu Kwakira cyangwa Ugushyingo. Ubusanzwe ibyo biterwa no kunyura muri Intertropical Convergence Zone hirya no hino mukarere muri ayo mezi, ariko bishobora no kugereranywa nimvura yaguye y'ibice bya [[Siri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Viyetinamu|Vietnam]], na Nordeste yo muri Berezile. Iburengerazuba bw'imisozi miremire ya Rwenzori na Etiyopiya, imiterere y'imvura ikunze kuba mu turere dushyuha, imvura ikagwa umwaka wose mu nkengero za ekwateri ndetse n'igihe kimwe cy'imvura mu bice bikunze kubamo imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri buri mwaka - imvura iboneka kugeza muri Nyakanga na Kanama hafi ya [[Asmara]] . Imvura mu mwaka igwa muri ako gace iri hagati ya 1,600 mm (63) muri) kumusozi w'iburengerazuba kugera kuri 1,250 mm (49) muri) i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] na 550 mm (22) in) kuri Asmara. Ku misozi miremire imvura ishobora kurenga 2,500 mm (98) in) . Imvura muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba irangwa n'ibihe bibiri by'imvura, imvura nyinshi igwa kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi n'imvura nkeya igwa kuva Ukwakira kugeza mu kwezi kw'Ukuboza. ibi bihindagurika ahanini bitewe n'ibyabaye muri El Niño hamwe na Dipole nziza yo mu nyanja y'Abahinde . Ibikorwa bya El Nino bikunze kongera imvura usibye mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya na Eritereya, aho bitera amapfa n'umwuzure muke wa [[Nili]] . <ref>{{Cite book|pages=263–266}}</ref> Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Dipole nziza yo mu nyanja y'Abahinde itera ubushyuhe bwo hejuru y’inyanja ku nkombe za Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kandi bigatuma imvura yiyongera cyane cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=360–363}}</ref> Ubushyuhe muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, usibye ku mukandara ushyushye kandi usanzwe ufite ubushuhe bwo ku nkombe, biringaniye, hagati ya ya dogere z'ubushyuhe igera kuri 25 (77) ° F) na dogere z'ubushyuhe ya 15 ° C (59) ° F) ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,500 (4,921 ft) . Ku butumburuke buri hejuru ya metero 2,500 (8,202 ft), ubukonje burasanzwe mugihe cy'izuba na maxima mu bisanzwe nka 21 ° C (70 ° F) cyangwa munsi yayo. Ubutaka budasanzwe kandi bigaragara ko bukwiye [[Ubuhinzi|guhingwa]] bwatumye Afurika y'Iburasirazuba iba intandaro yo gushakishwa, gukoreshwa no gukolonizwa byakozwe n'ibihugu byo mu [[Burayi]] mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda. Muri iki gihe, ubukerarugendo ni igice cy'ingenzi mu bukungu bwa Kenya, Tanzaniya, Seychelles, na Uganda. Ahantu h'iburasirazuba cyane ku mugabane, ni Ras Hafun muri Somaliya, ni ngombwa mu bucukumbuzi, amateka n'ubukungu . <ref name="Ncaaroth1975">{{Cite book|pages=117–133}}</ref> == Amateka ==     === Imbanzirizamateka ===   Dukurikije inyandiko zivuga kunkomoko ya Afurika iheruka y’abantu b'iki gihe, imyizerere yiganjemo abantu benshi mu bushakashatsi mu by'ibisigaramatongo, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu karere [[Ibiyaga Bigari|k'ibiyaga bigari by'Afurika]] niho abantu ba none bagaragaye bwa mbere. <ref name="Agegmowhsh">{{Cite journal|pages=230–7}}</ref> Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye byagaragaje ko niba habayeho intangiriro imwe cyangwa nyinshi; icyitegererezo cyo gutatanya kirimo ibitekerezo byo mu majyepfo. Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuze ko Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ari akarere k'Afurika aho abantu ba none bava mu mugabane wa mbere. <ref name="pmid21212332">{{Cite journal|pages=20–3}}</ref> Dukurikije ibimenyetso biranga uturemangingo tw'umuntu n’ibinyabuzima muri rusange, hagaragajwe ko kera mbere ya Homo sapiens yihinduranyije abantu bariho ubu mu buryo bwa anatomique mu ihembe ry'Afurika mu myaka 200.000 ishize maze itatana aho. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=477–89}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=10699–704}}</ref> Kumenyekanisha ''Homo sapiens idaltu'' na Omo Kibish nkabantu bagezweho muri anatomique byaba bifite ishingiro ibisobanuro byabantu bo muri iki gihe hamwe nizina ryitwa '''''Homo sapiens sapiens''''' . Kuberako bakundana hakiri kare nibiranga umubiri bidasanzwe idaltu na kibish byerekana abakurambere b'abantu ba kijyambere nkuko bigaragazwa ni igitekerezo cyo hanze y' Afrika . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2012 |title=Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-the-contenders-for-earliest-modern-human-17801455/?no-ist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602143353/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-the-contenders-for-earliest-modern-human-17801455/?no-ist |archive-date=2 June 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=Smithsonian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=733–736}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=199–219}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Red_Sea2.png|left|thumb| Kwambuka Bab-el-Mandeb mu nyanja Itukura : ubu ibirometero 12 (20)&nbsp;km) ubugari, bugufi mu mateka.]] Mu mwaka wa 2017, habonetse ibisigazwa by’abantu bigezweho, byanditswe mu myaka 300.000 ishize i Jebel Irhoud muri Maroc, byerekana ko abantu ba none bavutse kare kandi bishoboka ko mu gace kanini ka Afurika kuruta uko babitekerezaga. Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni kamwe mu turere twa mbere aho ''Homo sapiens'' ikekwa kuba. Ibimenyetso byabonetse mu mwaka wa 2018, guhera mu myaka igera ku 320.000 ishize, ku rubuga rwa Kenya rwa Olorgesailie, hagaragaye hakiri kare imyitwarire igezweho ifitanye isano na ''Homo sapiens'', harimo: imiyoboro y'ubucuruzi ndende (irimo ibicuruzwa nka obsidian), ikoreshwa pigment, hamwe nibishoboka byo gukora ingingo. Byagaragajwe n’abanditsi b’ubushakashatsi butatu bwa 2018 kuri uru rubuga, ko ibimenyetso by’imyitwarire bigereranywa n’ibisigazwa bya kera bya ''Homo sapiens'' bizwi kuva muri Afurika (nko kuri Jebel Irhoud na Florisbad ), kandi bavuga ko bigoye kandi bigezweho imyitwarire yari imaze gutangira muri Afrika mugihe cyo kuvuka kwa ''Homo sapiens'' . <ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal|pages=90–94}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, abahanga bavuze ko biyemeje gukoresha mudasobwa, bashingiye kuri 260 CT, yerekana ishusho ya gihanga ya ba sekuruza ba nyuma basanzwe ku bantu ba none / ''H. sapiens'', uhagarariye sapiens ya mbere ya ''Homo'', maze bavuga ko ''Homo sapiens'' yavutse hagati ya 350.000. n'imyaka 260.000 ishize binyuze mu guhuza abaturage muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] nuburasirazuba. Inzira yo kwimuka yigitekerezo cya "Hanze ya Afrika" birashoboka ko yabereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ariko binyuze kuri Bab el Mandeb Uyu munsi ku kirwa cya Bab-el-Mandeb, Inyanja Itukura ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 20, ariko mu myaka 50.000 ishize yari ndende cyane kandi inyanja yari munsi ya metero 70. Nubwo inzitizi zitigeze zifungwa burundu, hashobora kuba hari ibirwa hagati yabyo byagerwaho hakoreshejwe ibiti byoroshye. Bimwe mu bisigazwa bya skelete ya hominin byavumbuwe mu karere kanini, harimo ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima byavumbuwe mu kibaya cya Awash muri [[Etiyopiya]], ndetse no muri Koobi Fora muri Kenya na Gorge ya Olduvai muri Tanzaniya. Igice cyo mu majyepfo ya Afurika y’iburasirazuba cyigaruriwe kugeza mu bihe byashize abahinzi-borozi bahiga Khoisan, mu gihe mu misozi ya Etiyopiya [[Indogoba|indogobe n’ibiti]] by’ibihingwa nka teff byatumye itangira [[Ubuhinzi|ry’ubuhinzi]] ahagana mu 7000 mbere ya Yesu Inzitizi zo mu bibaya n’indwara ziterwa na isazi ya tsetse ariko, yabujije indogobe n'ubuhinzi gukwira mu majyepfo. Gusa mu bihe bya vuba aha ubuhinzi bwakwirakwiriye mu turere twinshi two mu majyepfo ya ekwateri, binyuze mu gukwirakwiza [[inka]], intama n'ibihingwa nka shitingi . Ikwirakwizwa ry’indimi ryerekana ko ibyo bishoboka cyane ko byaturutse muri Sudani bikinjira mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika, kubera ko indimi za Nilotic zavuzwe n’aba bahinzi babanjirije Bantu zifite bene wabo ba hafi mu kibaya cya Nili rwagati. === Amateka ya kera ===   [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Somaliya]], n'inkombe z'inyanja Itukura ya [[Sudani]] bifatwa nk'ahantu hashobora kuba hashobora kuba hari igihugu kizwi ku Banyamisiri ba kera nka ''Punt'' . Ubwami bwa kera bwavuzwe bwa mbere bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 25 mbere ya Yesu. Abapuntite ba kera bari ishyanga ryabantu bafitanye umubano wa hafi na Egiputa ya Farawo mugihe cya Farawo Sahure numwamikazi Hatshepsut . Ubwami bwa Aksum bwari ubwami bw'ubucuruzi bushingiye muri Eritereya no mu majyaruguru ya Etiyopiya. Yabayeho kuva mu 100-940 nyuma ya Yesu, ikura kuva muri proto-Aksumite Iron Iron c. Ikinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu kugira ngo tugere ku kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Ubu bwami buvugwa muri ''Periplus yo mu nyanja ya Erythraean'' nk'ahantu h'isoko rikomeye ry’inzovu, zoherejwe mu isi ya kera. Aksum icyo gihe yategekwaga na Zoskales, wanayoboraga icyambu cya Adulis . Abategetsi ba Aksumite borohereje ubucuruzi bahindura ifaranga ryabo rya Aksumite . Leta kandi yashyizeho umutegetsi ukomeye ku Bwami bwa Kush bwagabanutse kandi buri gihe yinjiraga muri politiki y’ubwami ku kirwa cy’Abarabu, amaherezo ikagura ubutegetsi bwayo muri ako karere hamwe n’ubwami bwa Himyarite . ==== Kwaguka kwa Bantu ==== Hagati yimyaka 2500 na 3000 ishize, Bantu -abantu bavuga batangiye urukurikirane rwimuka rwimyaka igihumbi rwimuka rwerekeza iburasirazuba bava mu gihugu cyabo bakikije amajyepfo ya [[Kameruni]]. Uku kwaguka kwa Bantu kwinjije ubuhinzi mu gice kinini cy’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika. Mu binyejana cumi na bitanu byakurikiyeho, Bantu yakajije umurego mu buhinzi no kurisha mu turere twose dukwiye two muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, muri ubwo buryo bwo kuvugana n'abimukira bo muri Ositaraliya - n'abarabu bavuga [[Icyarabu|ururimi rw'icyarabu]] mu turere two mu majyepfo. Aba nyuma kandi bakwirakwije [[Islamu|Islam]] mu mukandara w’inyanja, ariko Bantu benshi bakomeje kuba abayoboke b’amadini gakondo yo muri Afurika . [[Dosiye:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|right|thumb| Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwicyuma muri Afrika yuburasirazuba nu majyepfo]] Mu gihe cyibinyejana byinshi, abantu benshi bahiga-bahiga barimuwe kandi barigaruriwe n’imiryango ya Bantu yinjira, ndetse n’abaturage ba Nilotic nyuma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ch |first=Nikhil |last2=wani |date=2019-12-15 |title=Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa |url=https://nykdaily.com/2019/12/forgotten-ancient-history-of-east-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172842/https://nykdaily.com/2019/12/forgotten-ancient-history-of-east-africa/ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=NYK Daily |language=en}}</ref> Kwaguka kwa Bantu kwari uruhererekane rurerure rwo kwimuka ku mubiri, gukwirakwiza ururimi n'ubumenyi mu baturage baturanye ndetse no mu baturage baturanye, no gushyiraho amatsinda mashya ya sosiyete arimo gushyingiranwa hagati y'abaturage n'amatsinda mato yimukira mu baturage no mu matsinda mato yimukira mu gishya uturere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bantu Migration {{!}} World Civilization |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-bantu-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172753/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-bantu-migration/ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> Nyuma yo kwimuka bava mu gihugu cyabo cya mbere muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, Bantus yanahuye no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bwa Afurika abantu bakomoka muri Cushitike .  Nkuko ijambo ry’inka rikoreshwa mu matsinda mato y’abashumba ya Bantu ya none abigaragaza, abimukira ba Bantu bari kubona [[inka]] mu baturanyi babo bashya ba Cushitike. Ibimenyetso by’indimi byerekana kandi ko Bantus ashobora kuba yaratijwe umuco wo koroza inka abaturage bo muri Cushitike bo muri ako karere. <ref>J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29</ref> Ku gice cyo ku nkombe z'akarere k'ibiyaga bigari byo muri Afurika, undi muryango wavanze wa Bantu wateye imbere binyuze mu guhura n'abacuruzi b'Abarabu n'Abaperesi b'Abayisilamu, biganisha ku iterambere ry’ibihugu bivangwa n'Abarabu, Abaperesi n'Abanyafurika b'Abaswahili . Umuco w'igiswahiri wagaragaye muri uku kungurana ibitekerezo ugaragaza ingaruka nyinshi z'Abarabu n'Abisilamu zitagaragara mu muco gakondo wa Bantu, kimwe n'abayoboke benshi b'Abanyafurika n'Abarabu bo mu bwoko bw'Abaswahili . Hamwe n’umuryango wambere w’ijambo ryibanze ku bice byo ku nkombe za [[Tanzaniya]] (cyane cyane Zanzibar ) na [[Kenya]] - inyanja y’inyanja yiswe inkombe y’igiswahiri - [[Igiswahili|ururimi rw’igiswahiri]] rukubiyemo amagambo menshi y’inguzanyo [[Icyarabu|y’icyarabu]] nk’imikoranire. <ref>Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114</ref> Abaturage ba mbere ba Bantu bo mu nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Kenya na Tanzaniya bahuye n’aba nyuma b’abimukira b’Abarabu n’Abaperesi bamenyekanye mu buryo butandukanye hamwe n’imidugudu y’ubucuruzi ya Rhapta, Azania na Menouthias ivugwa mu nyandiko za mbere z’Abagereki n’Ubushinwa kuva mu mwaka wa 50 kugeza mu wa 500 AD, <ref>Casson, Lionel (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Lionel Casson. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Princeton, Princeton University Press.</ref> <ref>Chami, F. A. (1999). "The Early Iron Age on Mafia Island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.</ref> <ref>Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." From: Red Sea Trade and Travel. The British Museum. Sunday 6 October 2002. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weilue: The Peoples of the West |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223070446/http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |archive-date=23 December 2017 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Martin A. |last2=Wesley Johnson |first2=G. |date=2010-01-08 |title=Perspectives on the African past – Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua_tAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172753/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua_tAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> <ref>Hill, John E. 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050315032618/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html ''The Peoples of the West from the Weilue'' {{lang|zh-Hant|魏略}} ''by Yu Huan'' {{lang|zh-Hant|魚豢}}'': A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.''] Draft annotated English translation. See especially Section&nbsp;15 on ''Zesan'' = Azania and notes.</ref> amaherezo bituma izina rya [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=isbn:0714611026 - Google Search |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0714611026 |website=books.google.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=isbn:1743213026 – Google Search |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1743213026 |website=books.google.com}}</ref> Izi nyandiko zo hambere wenda zerekana umuraba wambere wabimukira Bantu bageze muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bwo hagati mugihe bimukiye. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 14 na 15, havutse ubwami n’ibihugu binini byo mu biyaga bigari byo muri Afurika, nk'ubwami bwa Buganda <ref name="Roland Oliver 1800. pp. 24-25">Roland Oliver, et al. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 24–25.</ref> na Karagwe <ref name="Roland Oliver 1800. pp. 24-25" /> bwa Uganda na Tanzaniya. === Amateka ahari ubu === The [[Porutigali|Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to explore the region of current-day [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], and [[Mozambike|Mozambique]] by sea. Vasco da Gama visited Mombasa in 1498. Da Gama's voyage was successful in reaching [[Ubuhinde|India]], which permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea. This in turn challenged the older trading networks of mixed land and sea routes, such as the spice trade routes which utilized the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and camel caravans to reach the eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite journal|pages=153–157}}</ref> Repubulika ya Venise yari imaze kugenzura inzira nyinshi z'ubucuruzi hagati y'Uburayi na [[Aziya]]. Nyuma y’inzira gakondo z’ubutaka zerekeza mu Buhinde n’Abanyaturukiya ba Ottoman, Porutugali yizeye gukoresha inzira y’inyanja yabanjirijwe na da Gama kugira ngo icike monopole y’ubucuruzi ya Venetiya. Ubutegetsi bw'igiportigale mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika byibanze cyane cyane ku nkombe z'inyanja zishingiye kuri Mombasa. Kuba Abanyaportigale bari muri ako gace byatangiye ku mugaragaro nyuma ya 1505, igihe ibendera ryayoborwaga na Don Francisco de Almeida ryigarurira Kilwa, ikirwa giherereye mu majyepfo ya [[Tanzaniya]] . Muri Werurwe 1505, amaze guhabwa na Manuel wa mbere wa Porutugali ishyirwaho rya viceroy ku butaka bushya bwigaruriwe mu Buhinde, yafashe ubwato ava i Lisbonne ayobora amato manini kandi akomeye, maze agera muri Nyakanga i Quiloa ( Kilwa ), aremera. we hafi nta rugamba. Imyigaragambyo ikomeye cyane yatanzwe naba Moors ba Mombasa. Icyakora, umujyi wafashwe urasenywa, kandi ubutunzi bunini bwawo bwagiye gushimangira umutungo wa Almeida. Ibitero byakurikiye kuri Hoja (ubu bizwi ku izina rya Ungwana, biherereye ku nkombe y’umugezi wa Tana ), Barawa, Angoche, Pate ndetse n’indi mijyi yo ku nkombe kugeza igihe inyanja y’Ubuhinde yari ahantu hizewe hagamijwe inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwa Porutugali. Ahandi hantu yari mu nzira, nk'izinga rya Angediva, hafi ya Goa, na Cannanore, Abanyaportigale bubatse ibihome, kandi bafata ingamba zo kurinda ubutegetsi bwa Porutugali. Intego nyamukuru ya Porutugali ku nkombe y’igiswahiri kwari ukugenzura ubucuruzi bw’ibirungo biva mu barabu . Kuri iki cyiciro, kuba Abanyaportigale muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byari bigamije kugenzura ubucuruzi mu nyanja y'Abahinde no kubona inzira z'inyanja zihuza Uburayi na Aziya. Amato y’amato yo muri Porutugali yahungabanije cyane ubucuruzi bw’abanzi ba Porutugali mu nyanja y’Uburengerazuba bw’Ubuhinde kandi bashoboye gusaba imisoro ihanitse ku bintu byatwarwaga mu nyanja kubera ko bagenzuraga ibyambu n’inzira zoherejwe. Iyubakwa rya Fort Jesus i Mombasa mu 1593 ryari rigamije gushimangira ubutegetsi bwa Porutugali muri ako karere, ariko uruhare rwabo rwakuweho n’Abarabu [[Ubwongereza|b'Abongereza]], Abadage na [[Omani]] binjira mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari mu kinyejana cya 17. Abarabu bo muri Omani bahanganye n’ingutu n’igiporutugali mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika. Kugeza magingo aya, Ingoma ya Porutugali yari imaze gutakaza inyungu zayo mu bucuruzi bw’ibirungo by’inyanja kubera kugabanuka kw’ubucuruzi. Abarabu bigaruriye byinshi mu bucuruzi bw’inyanja y’Ubuhinde, bahatira Abanyaportigale gusubira mu majyepfo aho bagumye muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bwa Porutugali (Mozambike) nkabategetsi bonyine kugeza Mozambike yigenga mu 1975. Abakoloni b'Abarabu bakolonije ku nkombe za Kenya na Tanzaniya byatumye ibihugu byahoze byigenga bigenzurwa n’amahanga kandi bigategekwa kuruta uko byari bimeze mu gihe cya Porutugali. Kimwe nabababanjirije, abarabu ba Omani bashoboye cyane cyane kugenzura uturere two ku nkombe, ntabwo imbere. Icyakora, ishyirwaho ry’ibihingwa, kongerera ingufu ubucuruzi bw’abacakara no kwimura [[umurwa]] mukuru wa Omani muri Zanzibar mu 1839 na Seyyid Said byagize ingaruka zo gushimangira ingufu za Omani mu karere. Imiyoborere y’Abarabu ku byambu byose bikomeye ku nkombe z’igiswahiri yarakomeje kugeza igihe inyungu z’Abongereza zigamije cyane cyane guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’abacakara no gushyiraho gahunda y’imishahara itangira gushyira igitutu ku butegetsi bwa Omani. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, ubucuruzi bw'abacakara ku nyanja ifunguye bwari bwarabujijwe burundu n'Abongereza kandi Abarabu bo muri Omani nta bushobozi buke bari bafite bwo kurwanya ubushobozi bw'amato y'Abongereza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mabwiriza. Kubaho kwa Omani byakomeje muri Zanzibar na Pemba kugeza Revolution ya Zanzibar mu 1964. Icyakora, kuba Abarabu bemewe muri Arabiya muri Kenya byagenzuwe n’uko Abadage n’Abongereza bafashe ibyambu by’ingenzi ndetse no gushyiraho ubufatanye bukomeye bw’ubucuruzi n’abayobozi bakomeye bo mu nzego z'ibanze mu 1880. ==== Igihe cyubwami bw'abami bw'iburayi ==== [[Dosiye:Britisheastafrica_1.png|thumb| Ikarita ya Afrika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubwongereza mu 1911]] Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 19 na 20, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yabaye ikinamico yo guhatana hagati y'ibihugu bikomeye by'iburayi by'iburayi by'icyo gihe. Amabara atatu yingenzi yigihugu cya Afrika yari beige, umutuku, nubururu. Umutuku wagereranya Abongereza, ubururu bugereranya Abafaransa, naho beige igereranya Ubudage mugihe cyabakoloni. Mugihe cya Scramble for Afrika, ibihugu hafi ya byose byo mukarere kanini kurwego rutandukanye byabaye igice cyubwami bwabakoloni bwi Burayi. [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] yari yabanje kwerekana igihagararo gikomeye mu majyepfo ya [[Mozambike]] no mu nyanja y'Abahinde kuva mu kinyejana cya 15, mu gihe muri icyo gihe imitungo yabo yagendaga yiyongera harimo ibice byo mu majyaruguru ya Mozambike, kugeza i Mombasa muri Kenya y'ubu. Ku kiyaga cya Malawi, amaherezo bahuye n’uburinzi bwa Nyasaland bw’Abongereza buherutse gushingwa (muri iki gihe [[Malawi]] ), buzengurutse ikiyaga kitazwi ku mpande eshatu, bituma Abanyaportigale bagenzura inkombe z’iburasirazuba. Ingoma y'Ubwongereza yakandagiye mu bihugu bikoreshwa cyane muri ako karere kandi bitanga icyizere bigura ubu [[Ubugande|Uganda]], na [[Kenya]] . Protectorate ya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na Koloni ya [[Kenya]] yari iherereye mu butaka bukize cyane bukenewe mu guhinga ibihingwa ngengabukungu nka [[Ikawa|kawa]] n'icyayi, ndetse n'ubworozi bukomoka ku nka n'ihene, nk'inyama [[Ihene|z'ihene]], inyama z'inka na amata . Byongeye kandi, kariya gace kari gafite amahirwe yo kwaguka gutuwe cyane, gakwiranye no kwimura umubare munini w’abenegihugu b’abongereza muri ako karere. Ikirere cyiganje hamwe n’imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere y’akarere byatumye hashyirwaho imidugudu y’iterambere ry’iburayi nka [[Nairobi]], Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amélia, [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] na Entebbe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=James Frederick |year=1905 |title=Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71UBAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Protectorate+of+Uganda&pg=PR1}}</ref> [[Ubufaransa|Abafaransa]] batuye ikirwa kinini cy'inyanja y'Ubuhinde (na kane mu bunini ku isi), [[Madagasikari]], hamwe n'itsinda ry’ibirwa bito hafi aho, aribyo [[Reyiniyo|Réunion]] na [[Komore|Comoros]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=E30–E31}}</ref> Madagasikari yabaye umwe mu bwami bwa gikoloni bw’Abafaransa nyuma y’ibitero bibiri bya gisirikare byibasiye ubwami bwa Madagasikari, byatangiye nyuma yo kumvisha u Bwongereza kureka inyungu zabwo muri icyo kirwa kugira ngo bugenzure Zanzibar ku nkombe za Tanganyika, ihuriro rikomeye ry’ibirungo . ubucuruzi. Abongereza kandi bari bafite ubukoloni bw’ibirwa byinshi muri kariya karere, harimo ikirwa cyagutse cya [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] ndetse n’izinga rikungahaye ry’ubuhinzi rya [[Morise|Maurice]], mbere y’ubutegetsi bw’Ubufaransa. Ingoma y'Ubudage yigaruriye agace kanini kitwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bw'Ubudage, igizwe [[Rwanda|n'u Rwanda]], [[Uburundi]] ndetse n'umugabane wa [[Tanzaniya]] witwa Tanganyika. Mu 1922, Abongereza babonye manda y’umuryango w’ibihugu kuri Tanganyika wayoboraga kugeza ubwigenge bwahawe Tanganyika mu 1961. Nyuma y’impinduramatwara ya Zanzibar yo mu 1965, leta yigenga ya Tanganyika yashinze [[Tanzaniya|Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya]] ishyiraho ubumwe hagati y’umugabane w’umugabane wa Zanzibar. Ubu Zanzibar ni leta yigenga yunze ubumwe ku mugabane w’umugabane rusange hamwe bakunze kwita [[Tanzaniya]] . Ubudage bw’iburasirazuba bw’Ubudage, nubwo bwagutse cyane, ntabwo bwari bufite akamaro gakomeye nk’abakoloni b’abongereza bo mu majyaruguru: gutura muri ibyo bihugu byari bigoye bityo bikaba bike cyane, bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere na geomorphologiya yaho. Ubutaliyani bwigaruriye ibice bitandukanye bya [[Somaliya]] mu myaka ya 1880. Amajyepfo ya bitatu bya kane bya Somaliya byabaye uburinzi bwabataliyani ( Somaliya yu Butaliyani ). Hagati aho, mu 1884, agace gato ka Somaliland kari ku nkombe kayobowe n’abongereza ( Abongereza Somaliland ). Ubu burinzi bwa Somaliland bwari butandukanye cyane na koloni y'Ubwongereza ya Aden ku gice cy'Abarabu . Hamwe n'utwo turere dufite umutekano, Ubwongereza bwashoboye kuba umurinzi w'irembo ry'inyanja igana mu Buhinde bw'Ubwongereza . Mu 1890, guhera ku kugura umujyi muto w’icyambu wa ( Asseb ) kwa sultan waho muri [[Eritereya]], Abataliyani bakolonije Eritereya yose. Mu 1895, kuva mu birindiro byo muri Somaliya na Eritereya, Abataliyani batangije Intambara ya mbere y'Ubutaliyani - Etiyopiya kurwanya Ingoma ya orotodogisi ya [[Etiyopiya]] . Kugeza mu 1896, intambara yari yarabaye ibyago rwose kubataliyani kandi Etiyopiya yashoboye kugumana ubwigenge bwayo. Etiyopiya yagumye yigenga kugeza mu 1936 igihe, nyuma y’Intambara ya kabiri y’Ubutaliyani -Abisiya, yabaye igice cya Afurika y’iburasirazuba bw’Ubutaliyani . Igikorwa cy'Ubutaliyani kwigarurira Etiyopiya cyarangiye mu 1941 mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu rwego rwo kwiyamamaza kwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba . Abafaransa kandi bashyizeho ibirindiro by'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu nzira igana Indochina y'Abafaransa . Guhera mu myaka ya 1850, uburinzi buto bwa [[Jibuti|Djibouti]] bwabaye Ubufaransa Somaliland mu 1897. ==== Mu gihe cya nyuma y'ubukoloni ==== Hano hari firime zerekana Afrika yuburasirazuba muburyo butandukanye. ''Iminsi 7 muri Entebbe'', ''Umwami wanyuma wa Scotland'', ''Hanze ya Afrika'', ''[[Queen of Katwe|Umwamikazi wa Katwe]]'', ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'', ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', ''Ikinyoma Cyiza'', na ''Kapiteni Phillips'' ni zimwe muri firime zamamaye cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2018 |title=7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa |url=https://www.tripindigo.com/blog/movies-set-in-east-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016022851/https://www.tripindigo.com/blog/movies-set-in-east-africa/ |archive-date=16 October 2020 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=tripindigo.com}}</ref> Mu mikino yo kuri videwo ''Halo 2'' na ''Halo 3'', Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni hamwe mu turere two hagati twiyamamaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Mombasa |url=https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/new-mombasa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127062240/https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/new-mombasa |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Halo Waypoint |language=en-us}}</ref> == Umuco == === Ubuhanzi ===   === Ubwubatsi ===   === Imyambarire ===   === guteka/imitekere === === Umuziki === === Iyobokamana n'imyemerere === == Indimi zivugwa == Mu ihembe rya Afurika no mu [[Nili|kibaya cya Nili]], [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|indimi za Afroasiatic ziriganje]], harimo indimi z'Abashushitike b'umuryango (nka Beja, [[Icyoromo|Oromo]] na Somali ), Abasemite (nka Amharic, [[Icyarabu]] na Tigrinya ), n'amashami ya Omotic (nka Wolaytta ). Mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari]] bya Afurika, indimi za Nigeriya-Congo zo mu ishami rya Bantu zivugwa cyane. Muri izo ndimi harimo [[Igikuyu|Kikuyu]], [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], [[Ikirundi|Kirundi]], Kisukuma, Luganda n'izindi nyinshi. [[Igiswahili|Igiswahiri]], byibuze 80&nbsp;miliyoni y'abavuga  nk'ururimi rwa mbere cyangwa urwa kabiri, ni ururimi rukomeye rw'ubucuruzi mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari. Ifite statut yemewe muri Tanzaniya, Kenya na Uganda. Indimi za Nilotic, nka Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai na Nuer, zivugwa mu mubare muto, cyane cyane mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika no mu kibaya cya Nili. Indimi z'Ubuhinde n'Uburayi, [[Icyongereza|nk'Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] [[Igiporutigali|n'Igiporutugali]], zikomeje kuba ingenzi mu mashuri makuru mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'akarere kanini. == Imibare y'abaturage == Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 260 mu 2000. Biteganijwe ko mu 2050 bizagera kuri miliyoni 890, ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera kigera kuri 2,5% ku mwaka. Biteganijwe ko abaturage 2000 bazikuba kabiri mu kinyejana cya 21, bagera kuri 1.6&nbsp;miliyari guhera mu 2100 (umuryango w'abibumbye ugereranya guhera 2017). <ref name="UN2017">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124201358/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/ |archive-date=24 January 2018 |access-date=2017-11-29 |website=esa.un.org}}</ref> Muri Etiyopiya, habarurwa abaturage 102&nbsp;miliyoni guhera mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_#ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:ET&ifdim=world&hl=en&dl=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501024849/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_#ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:ET&ifdim=world&hl=en&dl=en |archive-date=1 May 2017 |access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref> == imyubakire == ''Andi makuru mu bice byubwubatsi bwa Afrika :'' * Ubwubatsi bwa kera bwa Afrika yuburasirazuba * Imyubakire yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bwubatswe == Ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga == ''Andi makuru mu bice byamateka yubumenyi nikoranabuhanga muri Afrika :''   == Amakimbirane == Kuva ubukoloni bwarangira, ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byari byuzuyemo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko hamwe n'igitugu gikandamiza. Aka karere kihanganiye amakimbirane akurikira nyuma y'ubukoloni: ; Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bwa Afurika (Ihembe rya Afurika) * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Etiyopiya 1974–1991 * Intambara yo kwigenga ya Eritereya 1961–1991 * Intambara ya Eritereya-Etiyopiya 1998–2000 * Intambara ya Ogaden 1977–1978 * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Dijboutian 1991–1994 * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Somaliya 1991–2009 ; Sudani y'Amajyepfo * Intambara ya kabiri y'Abanyasudani 1983–2005 * Imbere mu Gihugu Politiki-Amoko Amakimbirane 2011 - arakomeje * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo 2013–2015 ; Afurika y'Epfo y'Amajyepfo (Afurika y'Epfo) * Intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Burundi 1993–2005 na jenoside y'Abahutu mu 1972 na jenoside y'Abatutsi mu 1993 * Uganda - Tanzaniya Intambara 1978–1979 * Intambara ya Bush muri 1981–1986 * Inyeshyamba za Lord Resistance Army muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] birakomeje * Intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Rwanda 1990–1993 na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yakorewe abatutsi]] mu 1994 * Impinduramatwara ya Zanzibar 1964 ; * Intambara ya mbere ya congo 1996–1997 n'intambara ya kabiri ya congo 1998–2003 * Amakimbirane ya Kivu (Laurent Nkunda Kwigomeka) [[Kenya]] yishimiye imiyoborere ihamye. Icyakora, rimwe na rimwe politiki yagiye ihungabana, harimo no gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi mu 1982 ndetse n’imvururu z’amatora yo mu 2007 . [[Tanzaniya]] izwiho guverinoma ihamye kuva yigenga nubwo hari amakimbirane akomeye ya politiki n’amadini aturuka ku bumwe bwa politiki hagati ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar mu 1964. Zanzibar ni leta yigenga muri [[Tanzaniya|Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya]] . Tanzaniya na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] barwanye mu ntambara ya Uganda - Tanzaniya mu 1978–1979, bituma [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] umuyobozi w’igitugu wa Uganda akurwaho. Kuva mu bwigenge, u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] byahuye n’ihungabana n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, cyane cyane Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] mu 1994 na jenoside yo mu Burundi yo mu 1993 ndetse n’intambara yo mu Burundi yakurikiye. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] bikomeje kugira uruhare mu makimbirane afitanye isano n'akarere. [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], kimwe n'uturere twa Puntland na Somaliland muri Somaliya, na byo byabonye umutekano muke. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Recovery and the Role of the State |url=http://www.undp.org/cpr/content/economic_recovery/PCER_Chapt5.rev.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112103732/http://www.undp.org/cpr/content/economic_recovery/PCER_Chapt5.rev.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2011 |access-date=29 April 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Somaliland_appeals_for_cooperation_with_Puntland_a_second_time.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131003947/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Somaliland_appeals_for_cooperation_with_Puntland_a_second_time.shtml |archive-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] yitandukanije mu mahoro na [[Sudani]] mu mwaka w'2011, hashize imyaka itandatu n'igice nyuma y'amasezerano y'amahoro arangije Intambara ya kabiri y'Abanyasudani . Ubwigenge bwa Sudani y'Amajyepfo bwateshutse hafi kubera amakimbirane ya Kordofan y'Amajyepfo, cyane cyane amakimbirane ashingiye ku gace ka Abyei, kandi imisozi ya Nuba ya Abyei na Kordofan y'Amajyepfo ikomeje kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane hagati ya Juba na Khartoum as of 2011 . == Ibihugu, umurwa mukuru n'imijyi minini == ugendeye ku mibare itengwa na CIA ivuga ko kugeza mu 2017, ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika bifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 537.9. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook – Population |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113653/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=20 December 2017 |publisher=CIA}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !igihugu !umujyi !umujyi munini ugendeye ku mubare w'abaturage !umujyi wa kabiri wunganira |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''[[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'iburasirazuba]]''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}} |Gitega (22,989; 2012 est.) |[[Bujumbura]] |Muyinga |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |[[Kinshasa]] |[[Kinshasa]] |Mbuji-Mayi |- |{{flag|Kenya}} |[[Nairobi]] |[[Nairobi]] |Mombasa (915,101; 2009 est.) |- |{{flag|Rwanda}} |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali]] |Gitarama |- |{{flag|South Sudan}} |Juba |Juba |Malakal |- |{{flag|Tanzania}} |[[Dodoma]] |Dar es Salaam |Mwanza |- |{{flag|Uganda}} |Kampala (1,507,114; 2014 est.) |Kampala |Gulu |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''Ihembe rya Afurika''' |- |{{flag|Djibouti}} |Djibouti City (529,000; 2018 est.) |Djibouti City |Ali Sabieh |- |{{flag|Eritrea}} |[[Asmara]] |[[Asmara]] |Keren |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} |[[Addis Ababa]] |[[Addis Ababa]] (2,739,551; 2007 est.) |Dire Dawa |- |{{flag|Somalia}} |[[Mogadishu]] (2,572,125) |[[Mogadishu]] |Hargeisa |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''Inyanja y'ubuhinde''' |- |{{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} |Camp Thunder Cove |Camp Thunder Cove |– |- |{{flag|Comoros}} |[[Moroni]] |[[Moroni]] |Mutsamudu |- |{{flag|French Southern Territories}} |Saint Pierre |Port-aux-Français |– |- |{{flag|Madagascar}} |[[Antananarivo]] (1,015,140; 2005 est.) |[[Antananarivo]] |Toamasina (3,133,518; 2009 est.) |- |{{flag|Mauritius}} |Port Louis |Port Louis |Beau Bassin-Rose Hill |- |{{flag|Mayotte|local}} |Mamoudzou |Mamoudzou |Dzaoudzi |- |{{flag|Réunion|local}} |Saint Denis |Saint Denis |Saint Paul |- |{{flag|Seychelles}} |Victoria |Victoria |Anse Etoile |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''uburasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru''' |- |{{flag|Sudan}} |Khartoum |Omdurman |Khartoum |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''uburasirazuba bw'amajyepfo''' |- |{{flag|Malawi}} |Lilongwe (868,800; 2012 est.) |Lilongwe |Blantyre (783,296; 2012 est.) |- |{{flag|Mozambique}} |[[Maputo]] |[[Maputo]] |Nampula |- |{{flag|Zambia}} |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka]] |Kitwe |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Harare]] |[[Harare]] |Bulawayo |}   * Amateka y'Afurika * Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara * Afurika y'Iburengerazuba * Afurika y'Epfo * Afurika yo hagati * Afurika y'Amajyaruguru * Ihembe rya Afurika == Reba == {{Reflist}} == amasomero == * {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|editor=Kevin Shillington|editor-link=Kevin Shillington|year=2005|chapter=Eastern Africa: Regional Survey|pages=649–659?|author=Christian Jennings}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 9nf5zjw0soczyrp5bnda5splqdnlvj7 0 13941 149408 140266 2026-11-07T21:20:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Redrivernorthmap.png|thumb|Ikibaya cy'amazi y'umugezi utukura, hamwe n'Uruzi rutukura rwerekanwe.Itariki ya 1 Mata - 24 Mata]] '''Umwuzure w’umugezi utukura mu mwaka wa 1897''' wabaye muri Mata 1897, ku nkombe y’Uruzi rutukura byangiza cyane umujyi wa Fargo, mu majyaruguru ya Dakota. Ibintu byateje umwuzure wo mu 1897 byari bisa n’ibihe byabaye nyuma y’umwuzure wo mu 2009, nyamara umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 wari utandukanye ukurikije uko abantu babyitwayemo. Nubwo igipimo cy’umugezi kitashyizwe ku mugezi utukura kugeza mu mwaka wa 1901, andi masoko yerekana ko inkombe y’umwuzure wabaye mu mwaka wa 1897 ahantu hareshya 1.5 miles (2.4 km) kumanuka uva muri iki gihe cya Fargo igipimo cyaba 40.10&nbsp;ft (hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora 25.000 ft ³ / s ) ukurikije imibare iriho. <ref name="USGS">{{Cite web |date=2008-03-14 |title=Red River of the North Flooding - 1897 |url=http://nd.water.usgs.gov/photos/1897RedFlood/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331093942/http://nd.water.usgs.gov/photos/1897RedFlood/index.html |archive-date=31 March 2009 |access-date=1 April 2009 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]]}}</ref> Kugeza ku mwuzure wo mu 2009, umwuzure wo mu 1897 niyo mazi maremare yanditswe mu gace ka Fargo-Moorhead kandi kuva icyo gihe ni cyo cyabaye igipimo cyapimwe n’indi myuzure myinshi yo mu ruzi rutukura. == Impamvu == Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1897 RM Probesfield yafashe igipimo cya 5 feet (1.5 m) cy'urubura hasi mu gace katarangwamo kugenda; agaciro ka 2 feet (0.61 m) hejuru yimwe yafashwe mbere y'umwuzure wa 1861 . <ref name="USGS"/> Bitewe n'urwego rwa shelegi yapimwe umwuzure wari uteganijwe. == Inzuzi == {| class="wikitable" align="left" border="1" !Umujyi ! Crest ! Itariki |- | Wahpeton, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | 2 '8 "hejuru ya 1893 hejuru <ref name="USGS"/> | 1897-03-31 |- | Fargo, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | 40.10&nbsp;ft (datum y'ubu) <ref name="USGS" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> 34.2&nbsp;ft (1952 datum) <ref name="USGS" /> | 1897-04-07 - Igitondo Cyambere |- | Grand Forks, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | Umurongo ukurikira Umuhanda wa 3 <ref name="USGS" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Gupfukirana Ibisabwa Ave mu Burasirazuba Bukuru <ref name="USGS" /> | 1897-04-10 - Saa sita |} {{Clear}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220134257/https://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/fldphotos1897-1996.htm Amafoto y'umwuzure mu karere ka Fargo - Moorhead: 1897–1996] * [http://archiveattic.wordpress.com/2009/03/27/red-rivers-last-record-crest-1897/ Uruzi rutukura rwa nyuma - 1897] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} c8m1ljh3unjew5n1arlias956hqoy9n 0 14038 149419 145529 2026-11-07T21:23:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Scabies|synonym=Seven-year itch<ref name=Ga2003/>|image=Scabies-burrow.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Magnified view of a burrowing trail of the scabies mite. The scaly patch on the left was caused by scratching and marks the mite's entry point into the skin. The mite has burrowed to the top-right, where it can be seen as a dark spot at the end.|pronounce=|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[dermatology]]|symptoms=[[itchiness]], [[papular|pimple]]-like rash<ref name=CDC2010Sym/>|complications=|onset=2–6 weeks (first infection), ~1 day (subsequent infections)<ref name=CDC2010Sym/>|duration=|types=|causes=''[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]'' [[mite]] spread by close contact<ref name=CDC2010Epi/>|risks=Crowded living conditions (child care facilities, group homes, prisons), lack of access to water<ref name=CDC2010Epi/><ref name=WHO/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=WHO2015/>|differential=[[Seborrhoeic dermatitis|Seborrheic dermatitis]], [[dermatitis herpetiformis]], [[pediculosis]], [[atopic dermatitis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|chapter=Chapter S|edition=2nd}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=|medication=[[Permethrin]], [[crotamiton]], [[lindane]], [[ivermectin]]<ref name=CDC2010Tx2/>|prognosis=|frequency=204 million / 2.8% (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Indwara y'uruhu''' (izwi kandi nka " '''shrill" y'imyaka irindwi''' ) ni indwara y'uruhu yandura iterwa n'udusimba twa ''Sarcoptes scabiei''.<ref name="Ga2003">{{Cite book|last=Gates|first=Robert H.|title=Infectious disease secrets|year=2003|publisher=Elsevier, Hanley Belfus|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-56053-543-0|pages=355|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYdw4vnanR0C&pg=PA355|edition=2nd|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829045111/https://books.google.com/books?id=hYdw4vnanR0C&pg=PA355|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDC2010Epi">{{Cite web|title=Epidemiology & Risk Factors|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/epi.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429174735/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/epi.html|archive-date=29 April 2015}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ukurya cyane no kugira uduheri nk'uduheri.<ref name="CDC2010Sym">{{Cite web|title=Parasites – Scabies Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/disease.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502183303/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/disease.html|archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> Rimwe na rimwe, utwobo duto dushobora kugaragara ku ruhu.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Mu kwandura kwa mbere, umuntu wanduye akunze kugaragaza ibimenyetso mu byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bitandatu.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Mu gihe cy'ubwandu bwa kabiri, ibimenyetso bishobora gutangira mu masaha 24.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku mubiri wose cyangwa ahantu hamwe na hamwe nko mu maboko, hagati y'intoki, cyangwa mu rukenyerero.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Umutwe ushobora kugira ingaruka, ariko ibi akenshi biba ku bana bato gusa.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Ubushye bukunze kwiyongera nijoro, cyangwa nyuma yo kwiyuhagira bishyushye.<ref name="Bolog2022">{{Cite book|last=Bolognia|first=Jean L.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QZSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA733|title=Dermatology Essentials|last2=Schaffer|first2=Julie V.|last3=Duncan|first3=Karynne O.|last4=Ko|first4=Christine|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-323-70971-2|language=en|chapter=71. Infestations: scabies|pages=733-737|access-date=2024-02-12|archive-date=2024-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212215641/https://books.google.com/books?id=4QZSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA733#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Gushwanyaguza bishobora gutera kwangirika k'uruhu ndetse n'ubwandu bw'inyongera bwa bagiteri mu ruhu.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Indwara y'ibihumyo iterwa n'ubwandu bw'udusimba tw'ingore ''twa Sarcoptes scabiei <nowiki><i id="mwYQ">var.</i></nowiki>'' ''hominis'', ectoparasite.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Udukoko twinjira mu ruhu kugira ngo tubeho kandi dushyiremo amagi.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Ibimenyetso by'ibihumyo biterwa n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure ku dukoko.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Akenshi, udukoko turi hagati ya 10 na 15 ni two twonyine twibasiwe n’ubwandu.<ref name="CDC2010Sym" /> Ibisebe bikunze gukwirakwira mu gihe kirekire umuntu yanduye ahuye n'uruhu rwe (nibura iminota 10) nk'uko bishobora kubaho mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa kubana.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dressler|first=C|last2=Rosumeck|first2=S|last3=Sunderkötter|first3=C|last4=Werner|first4=RN|last5=Nast|first5=A|title=The Treatment of Scabies.|journal=Deutsches Ärzteblatt International|date=14 November 2016|volume=113|issue=45|pages=757–62|doi=10.3238/arztebl.2016.0757|pmid=27974144|pmc=5165060}}</ref> Ikwirakwira ry'indwara rishobora kubaho nubwo umuntu yaba ataragaragaza ibimenyetso.<ref name="CDC2010Tx">{{Cite web|title=Parasites - Scabies Treatment|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/treatment.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428090806/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/treatment.html|archive-date=28 April 2015}}</ref> Imibereho yuzuye abantu, nk'iboneka mu bigo byita ku bana, mu ngo z'abantu benshi no muri za gereza, byongera ibyago byo kwandura.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Uduce dufite ikibazo cyo kubura amazi natwo dufite igipimo cyo hejuru cy’indwara.<ref name="WHO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/scabies/en/|title=WHO -Water-related Disease|access-date=2010-10-10|publisher=World Health Organization|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022044958/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/scabies/en/|archive-date=2010-10-22}}</ref> Indwara y'ibihumyo ni ubwoko bukomeye bw'indwara.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Ubusanzwe ikunze kubaho gusa ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke kandi abantu bashobora kugira udukoko tubarirwa muri za miriyoni, bigatuma twanduzanya cyane.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Muri ibi bihe, kwandura bishobora gukwirakwira mu gihe umuntu akoze ku kintu runaka cyangwa mu bintu byanduye.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Udukoko ni duto cyane kandi akenshi ntitugaragara neza.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'ibimenyetso.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web|title=Scabies|url=http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/scabies/en/|website=World Health Organization|access-date=18 May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518131204/http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/scabies/en/|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> Hari imiti myinshi ivura abanduye, harimo permethrin, crotamiton, na lindane creams hamwe na ivermectin pills.<ref name="CDC2010Tx2">{{Cite web|title=Parasites – Scabies Medications|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html|website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=18 May 2015|date=November 2, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430075605/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html|archive-date=30 April 2015}}</ref> Guhuza ibitsina mu kwezi gushize n'abantu babana mu nzu imwe na bo bagomba kuvurwa icyarimwe.<ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> Muri rusange, gusubiramo imiti nyuma y'icyumweru ni byo byitezwe.<ref name="Bolog2022" /> Ibiryamirwa n'imyenda byakoreshejwe mu minsi itatu ya nyuma bigomba kumeswa mu mazi ashyushye hanyuma bikanikwa mu cyuma cyumisha amazi gishyushye.<ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> Kubera ko agakoko kadamara iminsi irenga itatu katari mu ruhu rw'umuntu, ntabwo ari ngombwa koza cyane.<ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora gukomeza mu byumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine nyuma yo kuvurwa.<ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> Niba nyuma y'iki gihe ibimenyetso bikomeje, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko umuntu yisubiraho.<ref name="CDC2010Tx" /> Indwara y'uruhu yitwa "scabies" ni imwe mu ndwara eshatu z'uruhu zikunze kugaragara mu bana, hamwe n'indwara z'uruhu ziterwa n'udukoko two mu bwoko bwa "ringworms " n'udukoko twa bagiteri.<ref name="Clinic2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Andrews RM, McCarthy J, Carapetis JR, Currie BJ|title=Skin disorders, including pyoderma, scabies, and tinea infections|journal=Pediatr. Clin. North Am.|volume=56|issue=6|pages=1421–40|date=December 2009|pmid=19962029|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.002|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2009-12_56_6/page/1421}}</ref> Guhera mu 2015, byagize ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 204&nbsp;miliyoni z'abantu (2.8% by'abatuye isi).<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref> Bikunze kugaragara mu bagabo n'abagore bombi.<ref name="LancetEpi2012">{{Cite journal|last=Vos|first=T|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96|pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2|url=http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059240|access-date=July 30, 2020|archive-date=January 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112111243/http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010059240|url-status=live}}</ref> Abakiri bato n'abakuze ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Ikunze kandi kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere no mu turere dushyuha.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Ijambo scabies rikomoka kuri ''[[Template:Lang-la]]'', "gushwanyaguza".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary|date=1994|publisher=Mosby-Year Book Inc|isbn=9780801672255|page=1395|edition=4}}</ref> Izindi nyamaswa ntizikwirakwiza ibihumyo by'abantu.<ref name="CDC2010Epi" /> Kwandura mu zindi nyamaswa akenshi guterwa n'udukoko dutandukanye gato ariko dufitanye isano kandi tuzwi nka sarcoptic mange.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9781455739882|page=68|edition=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CFLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|df=|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829045116/https://books.google.com/books?id=7CFLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 8hemtxg78xge8y198jnpljyok82n879 0 14080 149295 91142 2026-11-07T20:05:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149295 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 6 na 7 Nzeri 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Kenneth |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Uganda: Kasese Landslide Death Toll Rises to 15 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202209070433.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907203453/https://allafrica.com/stories/202209070433.html |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022 |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> abantu 15 bahitanywe n’imvura nyinshi yateje inkangu nyinshi mu Karere ka Kasese muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . Imvura nyinshi yagombaga kuba nyirabayazana w'inkangu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=2022-09-07 |title=Red Cross: Landslide kills 15 in remote Uganda district |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/red-cross-landslide-kills-15-remote-uganda-district-89443679 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907085723/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/red-cross-landslide-kills-15-remote-uganda-district-89443679 |archive-date=2022-09-07 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=ABC News}}</ref> Agace k'imisozi kari kure cyane nokuba ka hura n'ingaruka z'inkangu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Red Cross: Landslide kills 15 in remote Uganda district |url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/world/2022/09/07/red-cross-landslide-kills-15-in-remote-uganda-district/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907170809/https://www.clickorlando.com/news/world/2022/09/07/red-cross-landslide-kills-15-in-remote-uganda-district/ |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022 |website=WKMG}}</ref> Umuryango wa Croix-Rouge ya Uganda wemeje ko impfu nyinshi ari ababyeyi n'abana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Republic |first=Matooke |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Kasese landslides kill 15, and 18 others still missing |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2022/09/07/kasese-landslides-kill-15-and-18-others-still-missing/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907091141/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2022/09/07/kasese-landslides-kill-15-and-18-others-still-missing/ |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref> Nibura abantu 18 baburiwe irengero <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Kasese landslides kill 10, 18 others still missing |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/kasese-landslides-kill-10-18-others-still-missing.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907170809/https://www.kfm.co.ug/news/kasese-landslides-kill-10-18-others-still-missing.html |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref> abandi 7 barakomereka bajyanwa mu bitaro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2022 |title=15 people perish in fresh Kasese landslides |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2022/09/07/15-people-perish-in-fresh-kasese-landslides.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907103810/https://eagle.co.ug/2022/09/07/15-people-perish-in-fresh-kasese-landslides.html |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref> Amazu menshi yarasenyutse kandi abantu benshi bashyinguwe ari bazima, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Children among 15 dead in Uganda landslide |url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/09/07/children-among-15-dead-in-uganda-landslide |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907160445/https://ewn.co.za/2022/09/07/children-among-15-dead-in-uganda-landslide |archive-date=2022-09-07 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=ewn.co.za}}</ref> n’ubutabazi bwibanze ku bantu bafashwe nibikuta byaba gwiriye munsi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2022 |title=15 perish in fresh Kasese landslides. Uganda Redcross society has confirmed. |url=https://www.babatv.co.ug/15-perish-in-fresh-kasese-landslides-uganda-redcross-society-has-confirmed/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907203455/https://www.babatv.co.ug/15-perish-in-fresh-kasese-landslides-uganda-redcross-society-has-confirmed/ |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref> Nyuma y’ibyago, gahunda yarakomeje kuri uwo munsi nyuma ya saa sita yo kwimurira imirambo ku ishuri ribanza rya Kasika kugira ngo basuzume neza icyabishe ndetse no gushyingura. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2022 |title=Kasese deadly landslide death toll rises to 15 |url=https://kaseseguideradio.com/kasese-deadly-landslide-death-toll-rises-to-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907094238/https://kaseseguideradio.com/kasese-deadly-landslide-death-toll-rises-to-15/ |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref> Ibirori byari bimwe mubikurikiranye n’umwuzure uherutse kuba mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda – 15 Killed in Massive Landslide in Kasese – FloodList |url=https://floodlist.com/africa/uganda-landslide-kasese-september-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907092041/https://floodlist.com/africa/uganda-landslide-kasese-september-2022 |archive-date=2022-09-07 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=floodlist.com}}</ref> kandi ni umwe muri benshi muri Afurika mu 2022 . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} psc0of14axpj465ks6re89bbum1937w 0 14103 149393 125169 2026-11-07T21:14:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ishusho y'ubutaka]] Ubutaka, bakunze kwita isi cyangwa umwanda, ni uruvange rw'ibinyabuzima, imyunyu ngugu, imyuka, amazi, n'ibinyabuzima bifasha ubuzima. Ibisobanuro bimwe bya siyansi bitandukanya umwanda nubutaka muguhagarika ijambo ryambere kubutaka bwimuwe.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113] Ubutaka bugizwe nicyiciro gikomeye cyimyunyu ngugu nibintu kama (matrix yubutaka), hamwe nicyiciro cyinshi gifata imyuka (ikirere cyubutaka) namazi (igisubizo cyubutaka). Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubutaka ni gahunda y’ibihugu bitatu bigize ibintu bikomeye, amazi, na gaze. Ubutaka ni umusaruro wibintu byinshi: ingaruka z’ikirere, ubutabazi (ubutumburuke, icyerekezo, n’imisozi y’ubutaka), ibinyabuzima, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubutaka (amabuye y'agaciro y'umwimerere) bikorana igihe. Ihora itera imbere hifashishijwe inzira nyinshi zumubiri, imiti n’ibinyabuzima, harimo n’ikirere hamwe n’isuri bifitanye isano. Bitewe nuko bigoye kandi bifitanye isano ikomeye imbere, abahanga mu bidukikije bafata ubutaka nkibinyabuzima.[https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka] Ubutaka bwinshi bufite ubwinshi bwumye (ubwinshi bwubutaka hitawe kubusa iyo bwumye) hagati ya 1,1 na 1,6 g / cm3, nubwo ubwinshi bwubutaka bwubutaka buri hejuru cyane, mubirometero 2,6 kugeza kuri 2.7 g / cm3. Hafi yubutaka bwumubumbe wisi buruta Pleistocene kandi ntanumwe uruta Cenozoic, nubwo ubutaka bwa fosile bwabitswe kuva kera kugeza muri Archeya. Pedosifike ihuza na lithosikori, hydrose, ikirere, hamwe na biosiporo. Hamwe na hamwe, umubiri wubutaka bwisi, witwa pedosifera, ufite imirimo ine yingenzi: nk'uburyo bwo gukura kw'ibimera [[Dosiye:Land cover.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka ubutunzi bw'isi]] nk'uburyo bwo kubika amazi, gutanga no kweza nkuguhindura ikirere cyisi nk'ahantu hatuwe n'ibinyabuzima Iyi mirimo yose, nayo, ihindura ubutaka nibiranga. Ubumenyi bwubutaka bufite amashami abiri yibanze yubushakashatsi: edaphologiya na pedologiya. Edaphology yiga ingaruka zubutaka ku binyabuzima. Pedologiya yibanda ku miterere, ibisobanuro (morphologie), no gutondekanya ubutaka mu bidukikije. Mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga, ubutaka bushyirwa mubitekerezo byagutse bya regolith, bikubiyemo nibindi bikoresho bitagaragara biri hejuru yigitanda, nkuko ushobora kubisanga ku Kwezi nibindi bintu byo mwijuru.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/] Ubutaka nigice cyingenzi cyibinyabuzima byisi. Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ku isi rwibasiwe mu buryo bugaragara n'inzira zikorwa mu butaka, hamwe n'ingaruka ziva ku kugabanuka kwa ozone ndetse n'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi kugeza kwangiza amashyamba n'imvura. Ku bijyanye n’umuzenguruko wa karubone w’isi, ubutaka bukora nk'ikigega gikomeye cya karubone, kandi birashoboka ko ari kimwe mu bitabangamira ihungabana ry’abantu n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Umubumbe ushyushye, byahanuwe ko ubutaka buzongera umwuka wa karuboni mu kirere bitewe n’ibikorwa by’ibinyabuzima byiyongera ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ibitekerezo byiza (amplification). Ubu buhanuzi bwabajijwe hashingiwe ku bumenyi bwa vuba ku bijyanye no guhindura imyuka ya karubone. Ubutaka bukora nk'ubuhanga bwubuhanga, ubuturo bwibinyabuzima byubutaka, sisitemu yo gutunganya intungamubiri n’imyanda kama, igenzura ubuziranenge bw’amazi, ihindura imiterere y’ikirere, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukura kw'ibimera, bigatuma itanga serivisi zikomeye kuri serivisi z’ibidukikije . Kubera ko ubutaka bufite ahantu hanini cyane haboneka ahantu hamwe n’aho butuye, burimo igice kinini cy’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’isi. Garama y'ubutaka irashobora kuba irimo amamiliyaridi y'ibinyabuzima, y'ibinyabuzima ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, cyane cyane mikorobe kandi ahanini bikaba bitaracukumburwa. Ubutaka bufite ubwinshi bwa prokaryyotike y’ibinyabuzima bigera kuri 108 kuri garama, mu gihe inyanja itagira ibinyabuzima birenga 107 kuri mililitiro (garama) y’amazi yo mu nyanja. Carbone organique ifashwe mu butaka amaherezo isubizwa mu kirere binyuze mu nzira yo guhumeka ikorwa n’ibinyabuzima bya heterotropique, ariko igice kinini kiguma mu butaka mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima kama; guhinga ubusanzwe byongera umuvuduko wubuhumekero bwubutaka, bigatuma ibinyabuzima bigabanuka. Kubera ko imizi y'ibimera ikenera ogisijeni, aeration ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ubutaka. Uku guhumeka kurashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe imiyoboro yubutaka bwahujwe nubutaka, nabwo bukurura kandi bugafata amazi yimvura bigatuma byoroha kuboneka kubihingwa. Kubera ko ibimera bisaba amazi hafi ahoraho, ariko uturere twinshi tugwa imvura rimwe na rimwe, ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi bwubutaka ningirakamaro kugirango ibimera bibeho. [[Dosiye:Isuka.jpg|thumb|ubutaka buri mubitunze isi dutuyyye kuko buhingwa]] Ubutaka burashobora gukuraho neza umwanda, byica imiti yindwara, no gutesha agaciro umwanda, uyu mutungo wanyuma witwa kwimenyekanisha bisanzwe. Ubusanzwe, ubutaka bukomeza kwinjiza neti ya ogisijeni na metani kandi bigasohora neti ya karuboni na aside nitide. Ubutaka butanga ibimera bifasha umubiri, umwuka, amazi, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, intungamubiri, no kurinda uburozi. Ubutaka butanga intungamubiri ziboneka byoroshye kubimera ninyamaswa muguhindura [[Soil morphology]] Imiterere Ingingo nyamukuru: Imiterere yubutaka Andi makuru: Ubukanishi bwubutaka § Itangiriro Ubutaka bivugwa ko bwakozwe mugihe ibinyabuzima byegeranijwe hamwe na colloide yogejwe hepfo, hasigara ububiko bwibumba, humus, oxyde de fer, karubone, na gypsumu, bikabyara urwego rwihariye rwitwa B horizon. Ubu ni ubusobanuro butandukanye uko bivanze n'umucanga, sili, ibumba na humus bizafasha ibikorwa byibinyabuzima n’ubuhinzi mbere yicyo gihe. Ibi bice byimurwa biva murwego rumwe bijya murundi kubikorwa byamazi ninyamaswa. Nkigisubizo, ibice (horizon) bikora mubutaka bwubutaka. Guhindura no kugenda kwibikoresho mubutaka bitera kwibumbira mubutaka butandukanye. Nyamara, ubusobanuro bwa vuba bwubutaka bwakira ubutaka nta kintu na kimwe kama kama, nka za regoliths zabayeho kuri Mars hamwe nuburyo busa nubutayu bwisi. Urugero rwiterambere ryubutaka bwatangirana nikirere cyigitanda cya lava gitemba, cyabyara gusa imyunyu ngugu ishingiye kubabyeyi biva mubutaka. Iterambere ryubutaka ryagenda ryihuta cyane uhereye ku rutare rwambaye ubusa rutemba ruheruka mu kirere gishyushye, mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi kandi kenshi. Mu bihe nk'ibi, ibimera (mu cyiciro cya mbere cya lisansi itunganya azote na cyanobacteria hanyuma epilithic yo hejuru) bigahinduka vuba cyane kuri lava ya basaltike, nubwo hari ibintu bike cyane. Amabuye y'agaciro ya basaltike ubusanzwe ikirere cyihuta cyane, ukurikije urukurikirane rwa Goldich. Ibimera bishyigikiwe nigitare kinini kuko cyuzuyemo amazi afite intungamubiri zitwara imyunyu ngugu yavuye mu rutare. Crevasses nu mifuka, imiterere yubutaka bwamabuye, byafataga ibikoresho byiza kandi bikabika imizi yibiti. Imizi yibihingwa ikura ifitanye isano nubutaka bwimyororokere ya mycorrhizal ifasha mukumena lava yamenetse, kandi hakoreshejwe ubwo buryo nibintu kama nubutaka bwiza bwegeranya nigihe. Ibyiciro byambere byiterambere ryubutaka byasobanuwe kubirunga, inselbergs,na glacial moraines Uburyo imiterere yubutaka igenda iterwa byibura nibintu bitanu bya kera bifitanye isano nihindagurika ryubutaka: ibikoresho byababyeyi, ikirere, imiterere y’imiterere (ubutabazi), ibinyabuzima, nigihe. Iyo byerekeranye nikirere, ubutabazi, ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho byababyeyi, nigihe, bigize incamake CROPT. '''IMITERERE Y' UBUTAKA''' Ingingo nyamukuru: Imiterere y' ubuutaka Kumurongo wamasomo, reba Ubutaka bwa fiziki cyangwa uko buteye. Imiterere yubutaka, kugirango hagabanuke akamaro ka serivisi yibidukikije nkumusaruro wibihingwa, ni imiterere, imiterere, ubwinshi bwinshi, ubwinshi, guhoraho, ubushyuhe, ibara no kurwanya. [58] Imiterere y'ubutaka igenwa nuburinganire bugereranije bwubwoko butatu bwubutaka bwubutaka, bwitwa ubutaka butandukanya: umucanga, sili, nibumba. Ku gipimo kinini gikurikiraho, imiterere yubutaka bwitwa peds cyangwa ubusanzwe igiteranyo cyubutaka kiremwa nubutaka butandukana mugihe okiside yicyuma, karubone, ibumba, silika na humus, uduce twikoti kandi bigatuma twizirika mubikorwa binini kandi bihamye. ] Ubwinshi bwubutaka, iyo bugenwe mubihe bisanzwe byubushuhe, ni ikigereranyo cyo guhuza ubutaka. Ubutaka bwubutaka bugizwe nigice cyubusa bwubutaka bwubutaka kandi butwarwa na gaze cyangwa amazi. Guhuza ubutaka nubushobozi bwibikoresho byubutaka bifatanyiriza hamwe. Ubushyuhe bwubutaka namabara birisobanura. Kurwanya bivuga kurwanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi kandi bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo kwangirika kw'ibyuma na beto bishyingurwa mu butaka. Iyi miterere iratandukanye bitewe nuburebure bwimiterere yubutaka, ni ukuvuga binyuze mubutaka. Inyinshi muri iyo mitungo igena ihindagurika ry'ubutaka n'ubushobozi bw'amazi yo kwinjira no gufatwa mu butaka. '''Ubutaka''' Ingingo nyamukuru: Ubutaka Amazi yo mubutaka arashobora gupimwa nkubunini cyangwa uburemere. Ubushuhe bwubutaka, murwego rwo kugabanya ibirimo amazi, ni kwiyuzuzamo, ubushobozi bwumurima, aho uhindukira, umwuka wumuyaga, hamwe nitanura ryumye. Ubushobozi bwumurima busobanura ubutaka butose bwumwanya mugihe amazi arimo agera kuburinganire hamwe nuburemere. Kuvomera ubutaka hejuru yubushobozi bwumurima bishobora gutakaza igihombo. Ingingo ya Wilting isobanura imipaka yumye kubihingwa bikura. Ubushobozi bwamazi aboneka nubunini bwamazi afashe mubutaka bwubutaka buboneka kubimera. Mugihe amazi agabanutse, ibimera bigomba gukora kugirango birusheho kongera imbaraga zo gufatira hamwe no gukuramo amazi. Gahunda yo kuhira irinda guhangayikishwa no kuzuza amazi yabuze mbere yo guhangayika. Igikorwa cya capillary gifite inshingano zo kwimura amazi yubutaka ava mu turere dutose twubutaka akajya ahantu humye. Ibishushanyo mbonera (urugero, ibitanda byo kuryamaho, ibiterwa byuhira-byuhira) bishingiye kuri capillarity kugirango itange amazi kumizi. Igikorwa cya capillary gishobora kuvamo imyunyu yumunyu mwinshi, bigatera kwangirika kwubutaka binyuze mumyunyu.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/] ==== indanganuro ==== 1.https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?] 3.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/ o6takszbuh5kmdnkzu9ktf73xe8bhz3 0 14108 149201 139928 2026-11-07T19:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umurima w'amashu.jpg|thumb|Akarima k'igikoni]] [[Dosiye:Umurima w' ibishyimbo n' urutoki.jpg|thumb|Umurima]] == Akamaro k'akarima k'igikoni == Akarima k’igikoni kazanwe na Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] mu gufasha ingo nyinshi kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira byagaragaraga mu bana ndetse no mu bantu bakuru nka bumwe mu buryo bwo kwishakamo ibisubizo u[[Rwanda]] rugenda rugira.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ubuzima/article/ntibihenze-uko-akarima-k-igikoni-kabaye-isoko-y-imirire-myiza-n-imibereho-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614000147/http://igihe.com/ubuzima/article/ntibihenze-uko-akarima-k-igikoni-kabaye-isoko-y-imirire-myiza-n-imibereho-muri |url-status=live }}</ref> Abantu benshi bakekako umuntu akora akarima k'igikoni iyo afite ubutaka bwo guhingamo gusa, ariko siko biri ushobora gukora akarima k'igikoni ukoresheje uburyo bwinshi harimo nko gushyira igitaka mu mufuka, mu ndobo ndetse nikindi gikoresho gishobora kubika ubutaka bwabutaka washyize muri ibyo bikoresho byavuzwe haruguguru ukabusukura neza ugashyiramo ifumbire ukabutunganya neza ugahingamo ibihingwa nk'imboga,imbuto n'ibindi. Akarima k'igikoni gafite akamaro ko kurwanya imirire mibi haba kubantu bakuru ndetse n'abana. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/Akarima-k-imboga-kitezweho-guca-imirire-mibi</ref> == Tumenye gahunda y'Akarima k'Igikoni == [[Dosiye:Wetlands in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|akarima ko munsi y'urugo]] Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango yatangije ku mugaragaro ubukangurambaga bw’ukwezi bwo kubaka mu gihugu hose uturima tw’igikoni nka bumwe mu buryo bwo kurwanya imirire mibi itera abana kugwingira.Yabutangirije mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Karere ka Nyaruguru]] kuri tariki ya 6 Gicurasi mu mwaka 2022 aho yifatanyije n’abayobozi ndetse n’abaturage gutera [[imboga]] mu turima tw’igikoni twubatswe.<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/migeprof-yaciye-umuvuno-wo-guhangana-n-igwingira-ry-abana</ref>Yavuze ko iyo gahunda yatangirijwe mu Karere ka Nyaruguru kuko kari mu dufite abana benshi bagwingiye kuko imibare yo mu mu mwaka 2020 yerekana ko bari kuri 39,1% kakaba ku mwanya wa cyenda mu gihugu mu kugira abana benshi bafite icyo kibazo.Ati “Kugwingira ku mwana ni ikintu gikomeye cyane kuko kimubuza kuzaba umwe mu Banyarwanda bashoboye bazageza igihugu cyacu aho twifuza.Iyo ufite umurima w’igikoni urya imboga zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri kuko uzisoroma ako kanya ugahita uziteka, biruta kwa kundi ushobora kujya kuzigura ku isoko n’uwagiye kuzigurisha yarazisoromye nk’ejo cyangwa ejobundi zanambye zimwe muri za ntungamubiri zatakaye.<ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Akarima kigikoni.jpg|thumb|imiterere y'akarima k'igikoni]] == Umumaro w'Akarima k'Igikoni == Kubona imboga zo kurya si uguhora utanga amafaranga buri munsi ku bacuruzi, nawe ushobora guhinga akarima k’igikoni ugashyiramo za mboga zose ugura ya mafaranga uhora utanga akagabanuka cyane akaba yakoreshwa n’ibindi.Akarima k’igikoni ni kimwe mu bifasha mu kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira, gafasha kandi mu kuba umuntu yakwirinda gusesagura amafaranga biciye mu kugura zimwe mu mboga, ibitunguru n’ibindi umuntu yakwihingiye ariko ajya gushaka ku isoko.<ref name=":0" />Ubushakashatsi ku buzima n’imibereho by’abaturage, RDHS (Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey) bwakoze mu 2020 n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare [NISR], bwerekana ko 33% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu mu Rwanda bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira. Ni mu gihe gahunda ya guverinoma y’u Rwanda ari uko mu 2024 bazaba ari 19%.Mu gihe gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi yo kwihutisha iterambere iteganya ko mu 2024 abana bazaba bafite ikibazo cy’igwingira bazaba bageze kuri 19%, gahunda yo guhinga imboga mu turima tw’igikoni iri mu bifasha uturere muri gahunda yo kwihutisha gahunda yo kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kwita-ku-karima-kigikoni-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-bishatsemo-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093431/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kwita-ku-karima-kigikoni-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-bishatsemo-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:An agricultural field captured at afternoon.jpg|thumb|Akarima k'igikoni ni akarima gato bahinga munsi yurugo,bahingamo imboga nibindi bigoboka urugo umuntu atajya guhaha]] == Ibindi Twamenya == Ku bijyanye na gahunda ya SPRP ibafasha mu kurwanya imirire mibi, bavuze ko yabafashije cyane kuko hari ababyeyi benshi bafashijwe, abajyanama b’ubuzima mu gukurikirana abana ndetse no gufasha mu guhugura abakozi n’abandi bantu batandukanye mu bijyanye no kurwanya igwingira ry’abana bato.<ref name=":0" />Iyo ufite imbuga nto ushatse watekereza kuhashyira akarima k’igikoni, uretse ibyo ushobora no gufata imifuka ugashyiramo itaka ubundi ugashyiramo dodo, ibitunguru, karoti n’ibindi icya mbere ni ukugira ubushake ukumva ko amafaranga uhora utanga ku mboga wayasigasira.Kugira akarima k’igikoni rero si umuteguro no kugira ngo bigaragare ko gahari gusa nko kubahiriza umurongo w’igihugu, ahubwo akarima k’igikoni ni ako gukoresha gahingwamo imboga z’ubwoko butandukanye kugira ngo kunganire gahunda yo kurwanya imirire mibi abana bahura na yo bikaba byabatera no kugwingira.G<ref name=":1" />ahunda yo kurandura burundu igwingira binyuze mu kwita ku karima k’igikoni ni gahunda yagezweho binyuze mu bukangurambaga mu baturage no gufatanya n’abafatanyabikorwa mu kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 9smpfvnc76n6xqngchumtmfnu11hhs5 0 14110 149275 146421 2026-11-07T20:02:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sun rays on person.jpg|thumb|Imashini yifashishwa mu kureba imirasire y'izuba mu buryo butangiza amaso.]] '''Imirasire y'izuba''' ni igice [[Imirasire y'amashanyarazi|cy'imirasire ya electromagnetiki]] itangwa [[Izuba|n'izuba]], cyane cyane [[Infrared|urumuri rutagaragara]], [[Kugaragara|rugaragara]], n'umucyo [[ultraviolet]] . Ku [[isi]], urumuri rw'izuba [[Umucyo ukwirakwizwa nuduce|runyanyagiye]] kandi [[Kwitonda|rukayungururwa]] mu [[Ikirere cy'isi|kirere cy'isi]], kandi bigaragara nk'izuba [[Ku manywa|ryo ku manywa]] iyo izuba riri hejuru [[Horizon|y'izuba]] . Iyo [[imirasire y'izuba]] itaziguye idahagaritswe [[Igicu|n'ibicu]], iba ifite '''nk'izuba''', ikomatanya [[Umucyo|ry'umucyo]] mwinshi [[Ubushyuhe bukabije|n'ubushyuhe bukabije]] . Iyo [[Igicu|uhagaritswe]] n'ibicu cyangwa [[Gutekereza neza|ukagaragaza ibindi bintu]], urumuri rw'izuba [[Diffuser (optique)|rurakwirakwira]] . Inkomoko zigereranya impuzandengo yisi yose iri hagati ya watt 164 na 340 watt <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2009 |title=Climate and Earth's Energy Budget |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page2.php |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> kuri metero kare kumunsi wamasaha 24; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basics of Solar Energy |url=http://zebu.uoregon.edu/disted/ph162/l4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128021408/http://zebu.uoregon.edu/disted/ph162/l4.html |archive-date=2016-11-28 |access-date=2016-12-06}}</ref> mibare igereranywa na NASA ko igera kuri kimwe cya kane cy'isi [[Imirasire y'izuba yose|yose igereranya imirasire y'izuba]] . Imirasire y'izuba ifata hafi 8.3&nbsp;iminota yo kugera Isi uhereye hejuru yizuba. <ref>{{Cite book}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=lb5owLGIQGsC&pg=PA56 Extract of page 56]</ref> Foton itangirira hagati yizuba no guhindura icyerekezo igihe cyose ihuye [[Igice cyashizwemo|nikintu cyashizwemo]] byatwara hagati yimyaka 10,000 na 170.000 kugirango igere hejur. Sunlight is a key factor in [[photosynthesis]], the process used by plants and other [[Autotroph|autotrophic]] organisms to convert [[light energy]], normally from the Sun, into [[chemical energy]] that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and to fuel the organisms' activities. '''Uko Ipimwa''' [[Dosiye:Sun rays and clounds.jpg|thumb|Imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'ibicu.]] Abashakashatsi barashobora gupima ubukana bw'urumuri rw'izuba bakoresheje [[Izuba Rirashe|icyuma cyerekana izuba]], [[pyranometero]], cyangwa [[pyrheliometero]] . Kugirango ubare urumuri rw'izuba rugera ku butaka, byombi bigomba kwitabwaho ku [[Orbital eccentricity|buryo butandukanye]] bwo [[Inzira ya Elliptike|kuzenguruka isi ya elliptike]] y'isi ndetse no [[Kurimbuka (astronomie)|kwiyongera]] kw'ikirere [[Ikirere cy'isi|cy'isi]] . Imirasire y'izuba idasanzwe ( E ext ), yakosowe kuri orbit ya elliptike ukoresheje umubare wumunsi wumwaka (dn), ihabwa ikigereranyo cyiza na <ref>{{Cite journal}}</ref> "aho dn = 1 ku ya 1 Mutarama; dn = 32 ku ya 1 Gashyantare; dn = 59 ku ya 1 Werurwe (usibye imyaka isimbuka, aho dn = 60), nibindi Muri iyi formula dn - 3 irakoreshwa, kubera ko mugihe cya none [[Apsis|isi ya perihelion yisi]], inzira yegereye izuba bityo rero, E ntarengwa ibaho hafi ya 3 Mutarama buri mwaka. Agaciro ka 0.033412 kagenwe uzi ko ikigereranyo kiri hagati ya perihelion (0.98328989&nbsp;AU) kwaduka hamwe na aphelion (1.01671033&nbsp;AU) kwaduka igomba kuba hafi 0.935338." Imirasire y'izuba ihoraho ( E sc ), ingana na 128 × 10 ³&nbsp;[[Amazing|lux]] . Kumurika bisanzwe ( E dn ), byakosowe kubera ingaruka ziterwa nikirere bitangwa na: aho c ni [[Kurimbuka kwa Atimosifike|ukuzimangana kwikirere]] na m [[Ikirere|nikigereranyo]] cyiza cya optique. Kurimbuka kwikirere kuzana umubare wa lux kugeza kuri 100 000 lux. Ingano yingufu zose zakiriwe kurwego rwubutaka kuva izuba kuri zenith biterwa nintera igana izuba bityo mugihe cyumwaka. Ni hejuru ya 3,3% ugereranije no muri Mutarama na 3,3% munsi ya Nyakanga (reba hano hepfo). Niba imirasire y'izuba idasanzwe ku isi ari watt 1367 kuri metero kare (agaciro iyo intera y'isi - izuba ni 1 [[Igice cy’inyenyeri|yubumenyi bw'ikirere]] ), noneho urumuri rw'izuba rutaziguye ku isi iyo izuba rigeze kuri [[zenith]] ni 1050 W / m ², ariko Uwiteka umubare wose (utaziguye kandi utaziguye uva mu kirere) gukubita hasi ni 1120 W / m ² . <ref name="Solar constant at ground level">{{Cite web |title=Introduction to Solar Radiation |url=http://www.newport.com/Introduction-to-Solar-Radiation/411919/1033/content.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029234117/http://www.newport.com/Introduction-to-Solar-Radiation/411919/1033/content.aspx |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |publisher=Newport Corporation}}</ref> Ku bijyanye n’ingufu, urumuri rwizuba hejuru yisi ni hafi ya 52 kugeza 55% infragre (hejuru ya 700 [[Nanometero|nm]] ), 42 kugeza 43% bigaragara (400 kugeza 700)&nbsp;nm), na ultraviolet 3 kugeza kuri 5 ku ijana (munsi ya 400&nbsp;nm). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Solar Spectra |url=https://www.nrel.gov/grid/solar-resource/spectra.html |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=www.nrel.gov |language=en}}</ref> Hejuru yikirere, urumuri rwizuba rugera kuri 30% cyane, rufite [[ultraviolet]] (UV) hafi 8%, <ref>Calculated from the ASTM spectrum cited above.</ref> hamwe na UV nyinshi ziyongereye zigizwe na biologiya yangiza ibinyabuzima bigufi byangiza ultraviolet. <ref name="Solar radiation">{{Cite book|pages=1859–1863}}</ref>   has a [[luminous efficacy]] of about 93&nbsp;[[Lumen (unit)|lumens]] per watt of [[radiant flux]]. This is higher than the efficacy (of source) of [[artificial lighting]] other than [[LED|LEDs]], which means using sunlight for illumination heats up a room less than fluorescent or incandescent lighting. Multiplying the figure of 1050 watts per square meter by 93 lumens per watt indicates that bright sunlight provides an [[illuminance]] of approximately 98 000 [[lux]] ([[Lumen (unit)|lumens]] per square meter) on a perpendicular surface at sea level. The illumination of a horizontal surface will be considerably less than this if the Sun is not very high in the sky. Averaged over a day, the highest amount of sunlight on a horizontal surface occurs in January at the [[South Pole]] (see [[insolation]]). Kugabanya [[Irradiance|imishwarara]] ya 1050&nbsp;W / m ² ukurikije ubunini bwa disiki yizuba muri [[Steradian|steradians]] itanga [[Imirase|impuzandengo]] ya 15.4&nbsp;MW kuri metero kare kuri steradian. (Nyamara, imirasire iri hagati ya disiki yizuba irarenze hejuru yikigereranyo hejuru ya disiki yose kubera [[Umwijima wijimye|umwijima]] . ) Kugwiza ibi by π bitanga urugero rwo hejuru kuri irradiance ishobora kwibanda kumurongo ukoresheje indorerwamo: 48.5&nbsp;MW / m ² . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref>. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 3mweea4pljvgvqjtshea9bsmz64ks4j 0 14301 149280 147899 2026-11-07T20:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149280 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubushakashatsi ku mpyisi == Ubusanzwe mu muryango w’impyisi harimo ubwoko bune butandukanye. Impyisi zirangwa no kugira ibidomo binini ku ruhu rwazo kuko uko zigenda zitandukana niko n’imiterere n’imigaragarire y’amabara y’uruhu iba igaragaza itandukaniro. Mu buryo bugaragara, impyisi ijya gusa n’imbwa ariko ikagira imiterere ijya kumera neza nk’iy’injangwe. Iyi mpyisi ikunda kwitwa impyisi iseka. Iyi mpyisi irakomeye bihagije kandi ni yo nini mu muryango w’impyisi. Ingabo n’ingore zose zirasa uretse ko ingore iba ari nini ugereranyije n’ingabo. Kugeza ubu ku rwego rw’isi habarirwa impyisi ziri hagati 27.000-47.000, umuvuduko wayo ku isaha ushobora kugera kuri kilometero 60, impyisi ishobora gupima kilogarama ziri hagati ya 40-64, Igihagaro cy’impyisi gishobora kubarirwa hagati ya santimetero 70-91, uburebure bwayo buri hagati ya santimetero 95-166. [[Dosiye:Loup gris (Canis lupus ).jpg|thumb|ifoto igaragaza impyisi]] == Amoko y'impyisi == Uretse mu Rwanda na none izi mpyisi zifite amabara y’ibidomo ku ruhu zikunda kugaragara henshi muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Twavuga mu bihugu nka Tchad, Cenfrafrique, Sudani y’Epfo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Angola, Namibia no mu bice bya Afurika y’Epfo. Izi mpyisi zikunda kuba mu mukenke, mu bihuru no mu ishyamba ritari inzitane. === Andi moko === Habaho impyisi zidomaguye, impyisi z’imirongo n’impyisi zifite ibara ry’ikigina. Muri aya moko yose impyisi zidomaguye ni zo nini kuruta izindi, kuko zishobora kugeza kuri metero 2 z’uburebure ukongeraho umurizo wa santimetero 30. Iyakuze neza ishobora gupima ibiro bigera  kuri 80. Iyo impyisi ihuma, ijwi ryayo riba rimeze  nk’iry’umuntu uri guseka. Impyisi z’imirongo n’iz’ikigina, ziba zifite hagati ya metero 1.2 na 1.5, wongeyeho santimetero  30, zikanapima ibiro biri hagati ya 25 na 55. Ubu bwoko uko ari bubiri, bugira imigara ku majosi yazo. == Imibereho == Mu bijyanye n’imibanire hagati yazo, izi nyamaswa zibaho nk’izindi nyamabere zitandukanye. Mu gihe cya nijoro zireba neza cyane. Ibyo bituma zihiga noneho ku manywa zikamara igihe kinini ziryamye hafi y’imyobo yazo. Ziba mu miryango aho umuryango uyoborwa n’impyisi y’ingore. Kugira ngo izi nyamaswa zerekane agace kazo zibarizwamo zikoresha guca imbibi zikoresheje ibinono hanyuma zikifashisha ururenda ruva mu ruhago rw’inkari. Iyo zishatse kuganga zijya kure y’imyobo yazo nabwo bukaba ubundi buryo bwo kwerekana agace zirimo. Zigira amajwi agera kure cyane ibyo bikazifasha mu buryo bwo guhanahana amakuru n’izindi zo mu bwoko zibarirwama. [[Dosiye:Mexican Wolf 2 yfb-edit 1.jpg|thumb|imihigire y'impyisi]] == Imirire == Izi mpyisi zifite ibidomo ku ruhu ni indyabyose kuko zitungwa n’ibintu bitandukanye nko guhiga no kurya ibisigazwa byasigajwe n’izindi ndyanyama ndetse n’amagi n’imbuto. Iyo iyi mpyisi igiye guhiga iri yonyine ihiga inyamabere nto nk’inkwavu, imbwebwe, inguzu, inyoni n’ibisiga, amafi, inzoka n’amayezi. Iyo zigiye guhiga ari nyinshi zihiga inyamabere nini nk’amoko y’isha atandukanye, impala, impalage, inkorongo, isatura n’ibindi. == Imyororokere == Ubu bwoko bw’impyisi ikigabo gishobora kwimya ibigore byinshi. Kubwagura bishobora kuba igihe icyo ari cyose mu mezi agize umwaka. Iyo ikigore kimaze kubangurirwa kibwegeka amezi ane kandi kongera kwima ku yindi nshuro bikorwa hagati y’amezi 11 n’amezi 21. Ikigore kibwagurira mu isenga kandi kikabwagura ibibwana hagati ya 1-3 ariko inshuro nyinshi biba ari ibibwana bibiri. Impyisi z’ingore ni zo zonyine ziba zifite inshingano yo kwita ku bibwana no kubirera. Iyo ikibwana kimaze hagati y’ibyumweru 2-6 nyina ibivana aho yabibwaguriye ikabijyana mu isenga rusange. Ibibwana bibwagaguza nibura kugera ku mezi umunani kandi bigacutswa hagati y’amezi 12 na 18. Ibibwana biba bikuze ku kigero gihagije hagati y’imyaka 2-3. Impyisi y’ingabo iva mu muryango yavukiyemo ku myaka ibiri mu gihe impyisi y’ingore ihaguma. [[Dosiye:Canis lupus-Wolf-Polar Park Norway.jpg|thumb|ubundi bwoko bw'impyisi]] == Ibindi == Mu gihe impyisi zifite ibidomo ku ruhu muri Afurika y’Epfo zisa n’aho zitekanye mu byanya bikomye, ngenzi zazo zo mu gice cya Afurika y’Uburengerazuba zirimo guhura n’ibibazo birimo gutuma umubare wazo ugabanuka cyane. Muri ibyo bibazo birimo: Guhohoterwa n’abantu binyuze mu kuzitega imitego, kuzirasa n’ubwo zaba ziba mu byanya bikomye kuko baba bakeka ko zizavamo zikajya kubarira amatungo cyangwa na bo zikabahutaza mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi. == Reba == <ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inyamaswa/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mpyisi-imwe-mu-nyamaswa-zitinyitse-mu-ishyamba</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/ibyo-utari-uzi-ku-mpyisi-inyamaswa-irya-ibyasigajwe-nizindi-ifatiye-runini-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501223352/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/ibyo-utari-uzi-ku-mpyisi-inyamaswa-irya-ibyasigajwe-nizindi-ifatiye-runini-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima/ |archive-date=2025-05-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} msdh4dhkym3n2vc6ou41o1y0yatm5j5 0 14347 149498 139793 2026-11-08T04:14:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus 'Azhurnyi' kz03.jpg|thumb|Imbija]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus 'Azhurnyi' kz02.jpg|left|thumb]] Imbwija ni zimwe mu mboga z’amababi  zeramuri Afurika, zagaragaje ko ziri mu musaruro w’ibihingwa utanga ikizere bitewe n’uko zihanganira ubushyuhe, amapfa, indwara n’ibyonnyi, urugero runini rw’intungamubiri zigira haba mu mbuto ndetse no mu mababi (Onyango, 2003).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161650/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-gakomeye-utari-uzi-ku-buzima-bwawe-no-ku-ruhu-ko-kurya-imboga-za</ref> [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|thumb|imboga]] [[Dosiye:Salad greens and vegetables - Cambridge, MA.jpg|thumb|334x334px|imbwijaaa]] Amababi n’amashami biraryohera, ni isoko nziza y’ubutare (38.5mg/100g), kalisiyumu (350-400mg/100g), vitamini-A na C. Umunyu wa oxalate ku rugero rwo hejuru (1-2%) na nitarate (1.8-8.8g/kg iyo byumye) biboneka mu mababi y’amoko atandukanye y’imbwija (Gopalakrishnan, 2007).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Imbwija ziboneka mu gice kinini hagati y’imirongo mbariro toropike zombi no munsi yazo. Imbwija ni igihingwa kigira amababi yo mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, kibereye ibihe ikirere gishyushye kirimo ubuhehere bwinshi.Imbwija zihingwa igihe cyose cy’umwaka hagati ya za toropike. Imbwija zitukura zikenera urumuri rw’izuba ruhagije kugira ngo ibara ritukura riboneke. Ubwoko busarurwaho imbuto, ''A. caudatus, A. cruentus, A. edulis'' bwera neza mu gihe igihe cy’amanywa kiba kigufi naho ubwoko ''A. hypochondriacus'' bukaba ari imberabyombi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Kwikorera mwibase.jpg|thumb|Imbwija ni ubwoko bw'imboga rwatsi]] === Amoko y’imbwija === Ukeneye guhinga imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto, dore amwe mu moko yazo: ''Amaranthus caudatus Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus retroflexus.'' Ushaka guhinga imbwija zisarurwa amababi, dore bumwe mu bwoko bwiza: ''Amaranthus cruentus,  Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus dubius, Amarantus hypocondriacus                          Amaranthus retroflexus, Amarantus blitum na Amaranthus Dubius.''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/amaranth |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161645/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/amaranth |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ubuhumbikiro === Ubutaka bubanza guhingwa neza bukaringanizwa. Bashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza iseye ikanoga neza. Ishyirwa mu murima ku rugero rwa Toni 20-25 /ha mu gihe cyo kuringaniza umurima bwa nyuma.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LwZS6iq_SE</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Gutera ingemwe z’imbwija === Hakenewe imbuto zingana na 0.5 kg kuri ha (5g kuri 1 are). Imbuto zigomba guturuka ku bimera bifite ubuzima bwiza cyangwa mu bigo bizwi kandi byemewe.Mu buryo bwo gutera ako kanya mu murima, ubutaka bwo guteraho bugomba kuba bwigiye hejuru, imirongo yo guteramo ikaba icishijwe agati kugeza kuri cm 0.5 z’ubujyakuzimu. Kuko imbuto z’imbwija ziba ari nto cyane zivangwa n’umucanga useye neza bikanyanyagizwa ku rugero rumwe mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40. Imbuto mu mirongo zitwikirizwa n’agacanga cyangwa agataka gake, hanyuma bagasasira imitabo iyo isaso ihari. Hakurikiraho kuhira udasiba.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LwZS6iq_SE</ref> Mu buryo bwo gutera ingemwe, hagati y’iminsi 22-25 zishyizwe mu buhumbikiro, ingemwe zirabyarurwa zigaterwa ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40 x 30.<ref name=":3">https://murukali.com/products/amarath-green-imbwija</ref> [[Dosiye:Green Leafy Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imboga rwatsi]] === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'imboga === === Gukoresha ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda === Imbwija zikenera ifumbire nyinshi ariko zigatanga umusaruro mwinshi cyane. Uretse Toni 20-25 z’ifumbire y’imborera, kg 120:50:50 za NPK kuri hegitari imwe zirakenewe. Mu gihe cyo gutera ingemwe hashyirwamo kg 33/ha, hagashyirwamo kg 33/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru bine ingemwe zitewe na kg 86/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani ingemwe zitewe.<ref name=":4">https://intambwenews.com/category/ubuzima/</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku mboga === [[Dosiye:Rau - Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imbwija nizindi mboga]] Amababi asa n’ayababutse (''Rhizoctonia'' sp.) n’umugese w’umweru ni zo ndwara z’ingenzi zibasira ubuhinzi bw’imbwija. Amababi asa n’ayababutse ni yo ifata cyane imbwija mu gihe cy’imvura, iyo hari ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bwinshi. Mu bimenyetso byayo harimo utudomo tw’umweru tugenda tugaragara ku mababi bituma umusaruro utagurwa ku isoko.<ref name=":5">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/gashora-bamaze-kwiteza-imbere-babikesha-imboga-zikurwamo-ifu</ref><ref name=":3" /> ==== Uko bayirwanya: ==== * Gutera imbuto z’imbwija z’icyatsi z’ubwoko bwihangana mu gihe cy’imvura. * Kwirinda kuhira umisha amazi ku mababi; * Gutera umuti wa mancozeb ku rugero rwa g 4 g/l y’amaganga y’inka. Uterwa rimwe mu cyumweru ukabihagarika hasigaye iminsi 14 no usarure kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti isigara ku bihingwa/umusaruro.<ref name=":6">https://bwiza.com/?Amarante-ibyo-kurya-byiza-cyane-ku-bana-AMARANTE-GRAINE</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> === Gusarura imbwija === Imbwija zisarurwa amababi barazirandura cyangwa bagakata amababi. Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurandura, imbuto zikuze zisoromwa ku minsi 30, 45 na 55 nyuma yo gutera. Zigifite imizi yazo zirozwa zikoherezwa ku isoko zifunze mu mifungo mito mito. Naho imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zo zisarurwa iyo amababi hafi ya yose yahindutse umuhondo,amahundo yahindutse ikigina naho Imbuto zahindutse umukara.Amahundo amaze gukatwa ategereza ku mbuga kugira ngo yume. Iyo amaze kuma ahurwa hakoreshejwe ikibando kugira ngo imbuto zivemo. Hanyuma imbuto ziragosorwa umwanda ugashiramo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/huye-ubuyobozi-burasaba-abakirisitu-gukora-ivugabutumwa-rishingiye-ku-bikorwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161647/https://www.isangostar.rw/huye-ubuyobozi-burasaba-abakirisitu-gukora-ivugabutumwa-rishingiye-ku-bikorwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwita ku musaruro no guhunika imbwija === Imbwija ni imboga zangirika ubusa, zikaba zisaba kwitonderwa kugira ngo zidatakaza ubwiza bwazo n’intungamubiri. Gutakaza ubwiza bw’imbwija nyuma yo gusarurwa bigaragarira kuri ibi bikurikira: * Guhinduka umuhondo kubera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi ( Chlorophyll); * Kuraba no gutakaza ireme; * Kubora. Nyuma yo gusarurwa, imbwija zibikwa mu mufuka kan<ref name=":4" />di zikagurishwa uwo munsi kugira ngo wirinde ko zatakaza ubwiza bwazo.  Igihe bishoboka ko zabikwa mu byuma bikonjesha byazifasha kugumana ubwiza bwazo.<ref name=":3" /> Iyo imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zimaze gusarurwa, ni ngombwa kuzanika zikuma neza mbere yo kuzibika, naho ubundi zazana uruhumbu. Zanikwa ku nkoko ku zuba cyangwa mu nzu hafi y’isoko y’uushyuhe. Genda uzikorakora kenshi kugeza zumye neza. Zibike ahantu hatinjira umwuka, hafutse kandi humutse mu gihe cy’amezi 6.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibyo-kurya-7-byagufasha-kongera-amaraso |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161647/https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibyo-kurya-7-byagufasha-kongera-amaraso |archive-date=2023-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] 1qvcznjchzqi174dck49xc4mej84es6 0 14351 149273 139030 2026-11-07T20:02:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degree Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius.|thumb| Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza mu wa 2021 ugereranije na 1956–1976]] [[Dosiye:Global_Temperature_And_Forces_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The graph from 1880 to 2020 shows natural drivers exhibiting fluctuations of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. Human drivers steadily increase by 0.3 degrees over 100 years to 1980, then steeply by 0.8 degrees more over the past 40 years.|thumb| Guhindura mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirere kuva Revolution Revolution yinganda, wongeyeho abashoferi kuri izo mpinduka. Ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera, hamwe nimbaraga karemano zongeramo ibintu bitandukanye. ]] Mu mikoreshereze rusange, '''imihindagurikire y’ikirere''' isobanura '''ubushyuhe bw’isi''' cyangwa kwiyongera kubushyuhe ku isi,- kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe buringaniye ku isi - n'ingaruka zabyo ku miterere y’ikirere ku isi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buryo bwagutse ikubiyemo n’imihindagurikire yigihe kirekire y’ikirere k'isi.Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo ku isi burihuta kurusha impinduka zabanjirije iyi, kandi biterwa ahanini n'abantu batwika ibicanwa . Gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima, gutema amashyamba, hamwe n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi n’inganda byongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane karuboni ya dioxide na metani . Imyuka ya parike ikurura ubushyuhe isi imurika nyuma yo gushyuha izuba. Umubare munini wiyi myuka ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere cyo hasi k'isi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bu isi Kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutayu buragenda bwiyongera, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’umuriro n’umuriro bigenda bigaragara. Ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri Arctique bwagize uruhare mu gushonga permafrost, umwiherero w’ibarafu no gutakaza urubura rwo mu nyanja. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo butera umuyaga mwinshi, amapfa, n'ibindi bihe bikabije . Imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije mu misozi, amabuye ya korali, na Arctique ihatira amoko menshi kwimuka cyangwa kuzimangana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA |date=19 January 2017 |title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019 |quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Nubwo imbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe buzaza zigenda neza, ingaruka zimwe zizakomeza ibinyejana byinshi. Harimo gushyushya inyanja, aside yo mu nyanja no kuzamuka ku inyanja . Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ibangamira abantu bafite ikibazo cy’ibiribwa n’amazi, kwiyongera kw’umwuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, indwara nyinshi, ndetse n’ubukungu . Kwimuka kwabantu namakimbirane nabyo birashobora kuba ibisubizo. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryita imihindagurikire y’ikirere kibangamiye ubuzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Abaturage barashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere binyuze mu mbaraga nko kurinda inkombe cyangwa kwagura uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere, ariko ingaruka zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa. Ibihugu bikennye bifite uruhare runini ku byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, nyamara bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Ingaruka nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zimaze kugaragara kuri 1.2 ° C (2.2 ° F) urwego rwo gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bwiyongereye buzongera izo ngaruka kandi burashobora gukurura ingingo, nko gushonga k'urubura rwa Greenland . Mu masezerano y’i [[Paris]] 2015, ibihugu byose byemeranije gukomeza gushyuha "munsi yimyaka 2&nbsp;° C ". Ariko, hamwe n’imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano, ubushyuhe bw’isi buzakomeza kugera kuri 2.7 ° C (4.9 ° F) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C bizasaba kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu 2030 no kugera kuri 2050 imyuka ihumanya <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bobcat_Fire,_Los_Angeles,_San_Gabriel_Mountains.jpg|alt=Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020|298x298px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bleached_colony_of_Acropora_coral.jpg|alt=Bleached colony of Acropora coral|165x165px]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:California_Drought_Dry_Lakebed_2009.jpg|alt=A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.|129x129px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> Ingaruka zimwe z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yerekeza ku isaha uhereye hejuru ibumoso: [[Wildfire|Inkongi y'umuriro]] yakajije umurego kubera ubushyuhe n’amapfa, [[Drought|ubukana bw’amapfa]] bwangiza amazi, hamwe no [[Coral bleaching|guhumanya amakorali]] yatewe n’ubushyuhe [[Marine heatwave|bwo mu nyanja]] . </div></div></div></div> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bisaba kubyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri karubone nkeya aho gutwika ibicanwa. Iyi mpinduka ikubiyemo gukuraho amakara y’amashanyarazi na gaze gasanzwe, kongera cyane imikoreshereze y’umuyaga, izuba, n’ubundi bwoko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu . Amashanyarazi akomoka ku masoko adatanga imyuka ya karubone azakenera gusimbuza ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitwarwe n’amashanyarazi, inyubako zishyushya, n’inganda zikora inganda. Carbone irashobora kandi gukurwa mu kirere, urugero nko [[Kurinda amashyamba|kongera amashyamba]] no guhinga hakoreshejwe uburyo bufata karubone mu butaka . == Amagambo akunze gukoreshwa == Mbere ya za 1980, igihe bitari byumvikana neza niba ubushyuhe bwo kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere bwarushaga imbaraga ubukonje bw’imyuka ihumanya [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|ikirere]], abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresheje iryo jambo ''ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere batabishaka'' bavuga ku ngaruka z’abantu ku kirere. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ijambo ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' n’imihindagurikire ''y’ikirere'' byabaye byinshi. Nubwo ayo magambo yombi rimwe na rimwe akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, mu buhanga, ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' bwerekana gusa ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mu gihe ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' isobanura impinduka zose z’imiterere y’ikirere ku isi. ''Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi'' - bwakoreshejwe mu 1975 <ref name="Science_Broeker_19750808">{{Cite journal |last=Broecker |first=Wallace S. |date=8 August 1975 |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1975-08-08_189_4201/page/460 |journal=Science |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |pmid=17781884}}</ref> - bwabaye ijambo ryamamaye cyane nyuma y’uko umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere wa NASA, James Hansen abukoresheje mu buhamya yatanze mu 1988 muri Sena ya Amerika . Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000, ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' yiyongereye mu mikoreshereze. ''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe'' irashobora kandi kwerekeza cyane ku mpinduka zatewe n'abantu cyangwa impinduka kamere mu mateka y'isi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi, abanyapolitiki ndetse n’itangazamakuru ubu bakoresha ijambo ''ikibazo cy’ikirere'' cyangwa ''ibihe byihutirwa by’ikirere'' kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’ubushyuhe ''bw’isi'' aho gukoresha ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' . == Ubushyuhe bwerekanwe == [[Dosiye:Common_Era_Temperature.svg|thumb| Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ku isi mu myaka 2000 ishize ukoresheje amakuru ya porokisi kuva ku mpeta y'ibiti, korali, hamwe na ice cores mubururu. Ibyatanzwe byerekanwe neza biri mumutuku. <ref name="nasa temperatures">{{Cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]] |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416074510/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Imibare myinshi yigenga yibikoresho byerekana ko ikirere gishyuha. Imyaka icumi ya 2011–2020 yashyushye ku kigereranyo cya 1.09&nbsp;° C [0.95–1.20&nbsp;° C] ugereranije n’ibanze byabanjirije inganda (1850–1900). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buriyongera hafi 0.2&nbsp;° C ku myaka icumi, hamwe na 2020 igera ku bushyuhe bwa 1.2&nbsp;° C hejuru yigihe cyabanjirije inganda. [31] Kuva mu 1950, iminsi yubukonje nijoro nijoro byagabanutse, kandi iminsi yubushyuhe nijoro byiyongera. Habayeho ubushyuhe buke hagati yikinyejana cya 18 hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Amakuru y’ikirere muri kiriya gihe aturuka ku miterere y’ikirere, nk'ibiti hamwe n’ibarafu . Inyandiko za Thermometero zatangiye gutanga amakuru ku isi ahagana mu 1850. Uburyo bwamateka yubushyuhe no gukonja, nka Climate Animate ya Medieval hamwe nigihe gito cyibarafu, ntibyigeze bibera icyarimwe mubice bitandukanye. Ubushyuhe bushobora kuba bwarageze hejuru nko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 mu turere duto. Habayeho ibice byabanjirije amateka yubushyuhe bwisi, nka Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum . Nyamara, ubwiyongere bugezweho bwiyongera bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa CO bwihuse cyane kuburyo ibintu bitunguranye bya geofiziki mumateka yisi bitegereye igipimo kiriho. Ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe buva mu bipimo by'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bishimangirwa n'ibindi byinshi byagaragaye. [39] Urugero, harahanuwe kandi harebwa impinduka z’amazi karemano y’amazi, nko kwiyongera inshuro n’ubukonje bw’imvura nyinshi, gushonga kwa shelegi n’ibarafu y’ubutaka, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwiyongera. Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima nabyo bitwara muburyo bujyanye n'ubushyuhe; kurugero, ibimera birabya kare mugihe cyizuba. Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi ni ugukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru, byerekana ko imyuka ya parike irimo gufata ubushyuhe hafi yisi kandi ikayirinda gukwirakwira mu kirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2010 |title=Global Warming |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |access-date=11 September 2020 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814105952/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |url-status=live }}</ref> Uturere twisi dushyushye kubiciro bitandukanye . Igishushanyo cyigenga aho imyuka ihumanya ikirere isohoka, kubera ko imyuka ikomeza igihe kirekire kuburyo ikwirakwira kwisi. Kuva mu bihe byabanjirije inganda, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubutaka bwiyongereye hafi inshuro ebyiri nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwisi. Ibi biterwa nubushyuhe bunini bwinyanja, kandi kubera ko inyanja itakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi mukumuka . Ingufu zumuriro muri gahunda y’ikirere ku isi ziyongereye hamwe n’ikiruhuko gito kuva byibuze mu 1970, kandi hejuru ya 90% y’izo mbaraga ziyongereye zabitswe mu nyanja . <ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref> Ahasigaye hashyushye ikirere, ushonga urubura, kandi ususurutsa imigabane. <ref name="EarthSysSciData_20200907">{{Cite journal |last1=von Schuckmann |first1=Karina |last2=Cheng |first2=Lijing |last3=Palmer |first3=Matthew D. |last4=Hansen |first4=James |date=7 September 2020 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020}}</ref> Amajyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru na Pole y'Amajyaruguru byashyushye cyane kurusha Pole y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo y'isi . Amajyaruguru y’Amajyaruguru ntabwo afite ubutaka bwinshi gusa, ahubwo afite ibihe byinshi byurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja . Mugihe iyi mibumbe ihindagurika yerekana urumuri rwinshi rukaba umwijima nyuma yuko urubura rushonga, batangira gukuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi . Ububiko bwa karubone bwaho bwirabura kuri shelegi na barafu nabyo bigira uruhare mubushyuhe bwa Arctique. Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique buriyongera hejuru yikubye kabiri igipimo cyisi yose . Gushonga kw'ibarafu hamwe n'ibibarafu muri Arctique bihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'inyanja, harimo n'umugezi wa Kigobe wagabanutse, bikomeza guhindura ikirere. == Inshingano yubushyuhe bwa vuba == [[Dosiye:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg|right|thumb| Abatwara imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuva 1850–1900 kugeza 2010–2019. Nta ntererano ihambaye yatanzwe kuva imbere imbere cyangwa abashoferi b'izuba n'ibirunga.]] Imiterere yikirere ihura ninzinguzingo zitandukanye zishobora kumara imyaka (nka El Niño - Oscillation y'Amajyepfo (ENSO)), imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana. Izindi mpinduka ziterwa nubusumbane bwingufu "ziva" mumiterere yikirere, ariko ntabwo buri gihe hanze yisi. Ingero z’agahato ko hanze zirimo impinduka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike, urumuri rwizuba, kuruka [[Ikirunga|kwikirunga]], hamwe nuburyo butandukanye mubizenguruka isi kuzenguruka izuba. Kugirango hamenyekane uruhare rwabantu mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagomba kuvaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere imbere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ukumenya "igikumwe" kidasanzwe ku mpamvu zose zishobora gutera, hanyuma ugereranye ibyo bitoki hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kurugero, guhatira izuba birashobora kuvaho nkimpamvu ikomeye. Urutoki rwarwo rwaba rushyushye mu kirere cyose. Nyamara, ikirere cyo hasi gusa cyarashyushye, kijyanye na gazi ya parike. Uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ruheruka kwerekana ko umushoferi nyamukuru azamuye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe na aerosole igira ingaruka mbi. === Imyuka yangiza ikirere === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg|thumb|Ubushuhe bwa CO mumyaka 800.000 iheze nkuko bipimye kurubura rwa barafu <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lüthi |first1=Dieter |last2=Le Floch |first2=Martine |last3=Bereiter |first3=Bernhard |last4=Blunier |first4=Thomas |last5=Barnola |first5=Jean-Marc |date=15 May 2008 |title=High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-05-15_453_7193/page/379 |journal=Nature |volume=453 |issue=7193 |pages=379–382 |doi=10.1038/nature06949 |pmid=18480821}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Hubertus |last2=Wahlen |first2=Martin |last3=Smith |first3=Jesse |last4=Mastroianni |first4=Derek |last5=Deck |first5=Bruce |date=12 March 1999 |title=Ice Core Records of Atmospheric CO2 Around the Last Three Glacial Terminations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1999-03-12_283_5408/page/1712 |journal=Science |volume=283 |issue=5408 |pages=1712–1714 |doi=10.1126/science.283.5408.1712 |pmid=10073931}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Indermühle |first1=Andreas |last2=Monnin |first2=Eric |last3=Stauffer |first3=Bernhard |last4=Stocker |first4=Thomas F. |last5=Wahlen |first5=Martin |date=2000 |title=Atmospheric CO2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica |url=https://archive.org/details/geophysical-research-letters_2000-03-01_27_5/page/735 |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=735–738 |doi=10.1029/1999GL010960}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etheridge |first=D. |last2=Steele |first2=L. |last3=Langenfelds |first3=R. |last4=Francey |first4=R. |last5=Barnola |first5=J.-M. |last6=Morgan |first6=V. |date=1998 |title=Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory |archive-date=2017-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165236/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (ubururu / icyatsi) kandi butaziguye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeling |first=C. |author-link=Charles David Keeling |last2=Whorf |first2=T. |date=2004 |title=Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the SIO Air Sampling Network |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center]], [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] |archive-date=2017-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234352/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (umukara)]] Imyuka ya parike ibonerana ku zuba, bityo ikayemerera kunyura mu kirere kugira ngo ishyushya isi. Isi irabagirana nkubushyuhe, kandi imyuka ya parike ikurura igice cyayo . Uku kwinjiza bidindiza umuvuduko ubushyuhe bwahungira mu kirere, ugafata ubushyuhe hafi yubuso bwisi kandi bugashyuha mugihe runaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |title=The Causes of Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Mbere y’Impinduramatwara mu nganda, ibisanzwe bisanzwe byuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye umwuka uri hafi yubuso ugera kuri 33&nbsp;° C hashyushye kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo badahari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACS |author-link=American Chemical Society |title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect? |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> Mugihe imyuka y'amazi (~ 50%) n'ibicu (~ 25%) aribyo bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya parike, byiyongera nkibikorwa byubushyuhe bityo bikaba ibisubizo . Ku rundi ruhande, imyuka ya gaze nka CO (~ 20%), tropone ya ozone, CFCs na okiside ya nitrous ntabwo biterwa n'ubushyuhe, bityo rero ni imbaraga zo hanze. Ibikorwa byabantu kuva Revolisiyo yinganda, cyane cyane gukuramo no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere ( amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe ), byongereye imyuka ya parike mu kirere, bivamo ubusumbane bukabije . Muri 2019, ingufu za CO na metani zariyongereyeho hafi 48% na 160%, kuva mu 1750. Izi nzego za CO zirarenze uko zigeze mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mumyaka miriyoni 2 ishize. Kwishyira hamwe kwa metani birarenze kure cyane uko byari bimeze mumyaka 800.000 ishize. [70] [[Dosiye:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|right|thumb| Umushinga wa Carbone Global werekana uburyo kwiyongera kuri CO kuva 1880 byatewe ninkomoko zitandukanye zigenda ziyongera.]] Kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi muri 2019 byari bihwanye na 59&nbsp;toni miliyari ya CO . Muri ibyo byuka, 75% ni CO , 18% ni metani, 4% ni okiside ya nitrous, naho 2% ni gaze ya fluor . Imyuka CO [71] ituruka ahanini ku gutwika ibicanwa kugira ngo bitange ingufu mu gutwara, gukora, gushyushya, n'amashanyarazi. Ibindi byuka bya CO biva mu gutema amashyamba no mu nganda, birimo CO yarekuwe n’imiti yo gukora sima, ibyuma, aluminium, n’ifumbire . Ibyuka bya metani biva mu bworozi, ifumbire, [[Umuceli|guhinga umuceri]], imyanda, amazi mabi, no gucukura amakara, ndetse no gucukura peteroli na gaze . Umwuka wa azote uva ahanini muri mikorobe yangirika y'ifumbire . N’ubwo uruhare rw’amashyamba rwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hejuru yubutaka bwisi, cyane cyane amashyamba yacyo, bikomeje kuba imyanda ikomeye ya CO . Uburyo bwo kurohama ku butaka, nko gutunganya karubone mu butaka na fotosintezeza, bikuraho hafi 29% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO ku isi. Inyanja nayo ikora nka karubone ikomeye ikoresheje inzira ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, CO ishonga mumazi yo hejuru. Nyuma yaho, kuzenguruka kwinyanja gukwirakwira mu nyanja imbere, aho ikusanyiriza hamwe igihe kimwe murwego rwa karubone . Mu myaka 20 ishize, inyanja yisi yakiriye 20 kugeza 30% bya CO yasohotse. === Indege n'ibicu === Guhumanya ikirere, muburyo bwa aerosole, bigira ingaruka ku kirere ku rugero runini. Indege ikwirakwiza kandi ikurura imirasire y'izuba. Kuva mu 1961 kugeza 1990, kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'izuba ryageze ku isi byagaragaye. Iyi phenomenon izwi cyane nka ''global dimming'', kandi iterwa na aerosole ikomoka kumukungugu, umwanda no gutwika ibicanwa na lisansi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xia |first1=Wenwen |last2=Wang |first2=Yong |last3=Chen |first3=Siyu |last4=Huang |first4=Jianping |date=18 January 2022 |title=Double Trouble of Air Pollution by Anthropogenic Dust |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=761–769 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c04779 |pmid=34941248}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=Global Dimming Dilemna |url=https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129150231/https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ku isi hose, aerosole yagabanutse kuva mu 1990 kubera kurwanya umwanda, bivuze ko batagihisha ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike. Aerosole nayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngengo yimirasire yisi . Sulfate aerosole ikora nka nuclei igicu kandi iganisha ku bicu bifite byinshi kandi bito bitonyanga. Ibi bicu byerekana imirasire yizuba neza kuruta ibicu bifite ibitonyanga bike kandi binini. Bigabanya kandi imikurire yimvura, ituma ibicu bigaragarira kumurasire yizuba. Ingaruka zitaziguye za aerosole nizo nini zidashidikanywaho muguhatira imirasire. Mugihe ubusanzwe aerosole igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi yerekana urumuri rwizuba, karubone yumukara muri soot igwa kumubura cyangwa urubura birashobora kugira uruhare mubushyuhe bwisi. Ntabwo ibyo byongera gusa kwinjiza izuba, byongera gushonga no kuzamuka kurwego rwinyanja. Kugabanya ububiko bushya bwa karubone muri Arctique bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi 0.2&nbsp;° C muri 2050. === Ubutaka burahinduka === [[Dosiye:20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg|left|thumb| Igipimo cyo gutakaza ibiti ku isi cyikubye hafi kabiri kuva 2001, kugeza igihombo cyumwaka cyegereye agace kangana n’Ubutaliyani. ]] Abantu bahindura isi cyane cyane kugirango bahinge [[Umurima|ubutaka bwubuhinzi]] . Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi bufata 34% by'ubutaka bw'isi, mu gihe 26% ari amashyamba, naho 30% akaba adashobora guturwa (ibibarafu, ubutayu, n'ibindi. ). Umubare w'ubutaka bw'amashyamba ukomeje kugabanuka, akaba ari yo mpinduka nyamukuru ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka itera ubushyuhe ku isi. Gutema amashyamba birekura CO iri mu biti iyo byangiritse, byongeye kandi birinda ibyo biti kwinjiza CO nyinshi mugihe kizaza. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera amashyamba ni: guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka buhoraho kuva mumashyamba kugera kubutaka bwubuhinzi butanga umusaruro nkinka n amavuta yintoki (27%), gutema ibiti byamashyamba / amashyamba (26%), guhinga mugihe gito (24%), n'umuriro (23%). Ubwoko bwibimera mukarere bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwaho. Ihindura uko urumuri rw'izuba rugaruka mu kirere ( albedo ), n'ubushyuhe butakara bitewe no guhumeka . Kurugero, impinduka ziva mumashyamba yijimye zijya mubyatsi bituma ubuso bworoha, bigatuma bugaragaza urumuri rwizuba. Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubushyuhe muguhindura irekurwa ryimiti igabanya ibicu, no guhindura imiterere yumuyaga. Mu turere dushyuha kandi dushushe ingaruka nziza ni ugutanga ubushyuhe bugaragara, mugihe ku burebure bwegereye inkingi inyungu ya albedo (nkuko ishyamba risimbuzwa igifuniko cya shelegi) biganisha ku gukonja. <ref name="Seymour 2019">{{Cite web |last1=Seymour |first1=Frances |last2=Gibbs |first2=David |date=8 December 2019 |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know |website=World Resources Institute}}</ref> Kwisi yose, izi ngaruka zagereranijwe ko zatumye hakonja gato, byiganjemo kwiyongera kwa albedo. === Ibikorwa by'izuba n'ibirunga === Nkuko izuba ariryo soko ryambere ryingufu zisi, impinduka zumucyo wizuba zigira ingaruka muburyo bwimiterere yikirere. Imirasire y'izuba yapimwe na satelite, kandi ibipimo bitaziguye birahari guhera mu ntangiriro ya 1600. <ref name="USGCRP_2017_ch2">{{Cite web |last1=Fahey |first1=D. W. |last2=Doherty |first2=S. J. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Romanou |first4=A. |last5=Taylor |first5=P. C. |date=2017 |title=Chapter 2: Physical Drivers of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/ |website=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |access-date=2026-09-15 |archive-date=2019-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122082928/https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nta cyerekezo cyigeze kigaragara mu bwinshi bw'ingufu z'izuba zigera ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Sun causing global warming? |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/ |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=10 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Ibirunga biturika biturika byerekana imbaraga nini nini mugihe cyinganda. Iyo kuruka gukomeye bihagije (hamwe na dioxyde de sulfure igera kuri stratosifera), urumuri rwizuba rushobora guhagarikwa igice mumyaka ibiri. Ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe kimara hafi kabiri. Mu gihe cy’inganda, ibikorwa by’ibirunga byagize ingaruka zitari nke ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Muri iki gihe imyuka y’ibirunga CO <nowiki><sub id="mwAgI">2</sub></nowiki> ihwanye na munsi ya 1% y’imyuka ya antropogene ya CO ₂ . [99] Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ntishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwihuse bwagaragaye mumyaka mirongo ishize iyo urebye gusa itandukaniro ryumusaruro wizuba nibikorwa byibirunga. Ibindi bimenyetso byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bwisi biva mubipimo byerekana ubushyuhe bwikirere cyo hasi ( troposfer ), hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru ( stratosifera ). Niba imirasire y'izuba ari yo nyirabayazana w'ubushyuhe bwagaragaye, troposse na stratosifike byombi byari gushyuha. === Ibitekerezo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe === [[Dosiye:NORTH_POLE_Ice_(19626661335).jpg|thumb| Urubura rwo mu nyanja rugaragaza 50% kugeza 70% by'izuba ryinjira, mu gihe inyanja yijimye, igaragaza 6% gusa. Mugihe agace k'ibarafu yo mu nyanja gashonga kandi kakagaragaza inyanja nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwinjizwa ninyanja, bikazamura ubushyuhe bushonga urubura rwinshi. Iyi nzira nigitekerezo cyiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |website=NSIDC}}</ref>]] Igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku gahato ka mbere cyahinduwe n’ibisubizo: byongerewe no "kwikomeza" cyangwa "ibyiza" kandi bigabanywa no "kuringaniza" cyangwa "bibi" . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology}}</ref> Ibyingenzi bishimangira ibitekerezo nibitekerezo byamazi-imyuka, ibitekerezo bya ice-albedo, hamwe ningaruka nziza yibicu. [104] Uburyo bwibanze bwo kuringaniza ni ubukonje bukabije, kuko ubuso bwisi butanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. [106] kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, hari n'ibisubizwa mu cyerekezo cya karubone, nk'ingaruka zifumbire ya CO ku mikurire y'ibihingwa. Kutamenya neza ibyasubiwemo nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma imiterere itandukanye yikirere igaragaza ubunini butandukanye bwubushyuhe kubwinshi bw’ibyuka bihumanya. Iyo umwuka ushyushye, irashobora gufata ubuhehere bwinshi . Umwuka wamazi, nka gaze ya parike ikomeye, ifata ubushyuhe mukirere. [104] Niba igicu cyiyongereye, urumuri rwizuba luzagaruka mumwanya, bikonje isi. Niba ibicu bibaye byinshi kandi byoroheje, bikora nka insulator, byerekana ubushyuhe buva hepfo inyuma bukamanuka no gushyushya isi. [109] Ingaruka yibicu nisoko nini yo gutanga ibitekerezo bidashidikanywaho. Ikindi gitekerezo cyingenzi nukugabanya igifuniko cyurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja muri Arctique, bigabanya kugaragariza isi. Ingufu nyinshi zizuba ubu zinjiye muri utwo turere, bigira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa Arctique . Arctic amplification nayo irimo gushonga permafrost, irekura metani na CO mukirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi gutuma metani irekurwa mu bishanga, sisitemu yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza. [114] Muri rusange, ibisubizo by’ikirere biteganijwe ko bizagenda neza. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyuka yatewe na CO yatewe n’ibimera byubutaka ninyanja. Ku butaka, kuzamura CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye imikurire ikura. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongera amapfa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bibuza imikurire y’ibihingwa, bigatuma bidashidikanywaho niba iyi karuboni izakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere. Ubutaka burimo karubone nyinshi kandi burashobora kurekura bimwe iyo bishyushye . Nkuko CO nubushyuhe bwinshi byinjizwa ninyanja, irahindura aside, ihindagurika ryayo kandi phytoplankton ifata karubone nkeya, bikagabanya umuvuduko inyanja ikuramo karubone yo mu kirere. Muri [119], hejuru ya CO hejuru yisi Isi izakuramo igice gito cyibyuka byangiza. == Icyitegererezo == [[Dosiye:Projected_Change_in_Temperatures_by_2090.svg|thumb| Biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwubuso bwisi buhinduka ugereranije na 1850–1900, bushingiye kuri CMIP6 -moderi nyinshi bisobanura impinduka]] Icyitegererezo cy’ikirere kigaragaza imikorere y’umubiri, imiti, n’ibinyabuzima bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda y’ikirere. Moderi ikubiyemo kandi inzira karemano nkimpinduka zuzenguruka isi, impinduka zamateka mubikorwa byizuba, hamwe no guhatira ibirunga. Icyitegererezo gikoreshwa mukugereranya urugero rwubushyuhe bwoherezwa mu kirere hazaza bizatera igihe hasuzumwe imbaraga z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagati yubutaka nikirere. Imyifatire ifatika yicyitegererezo igeragezwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ibihe byubu cyangwa ibyahise. Ingero zashize zasuzuguye igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa Arctique kandi zidaha agaciro umuvuduko w’imvura. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja kuva mu 1990 ntibwigeze busuzumwa mu buryo bwa kera, ariko imiterere ya vuba iremeranya neza n’ubushakashatsi. Isuzumabumenyi ry’ikirere ryasohowe na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika muri 2017 rivuga ko "imiterere y’ikirere ishobora kuba idaha agaciro cyangwa ikabura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo". Igice kinini cyimiterere yikirere cyongera ibintu byabaturage muburyo bworoshye bwikirere. Izi ngero zigereranya uburyo abaturage, ubwiyongere bwubukungu, nogukoresha ingufu bigira ingaruka – no gukorana na – ikirere cy'umubiri. Hamwe naya makuru, izo moderi zirashobora gutanga ibintu byerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi noneho bikoreshwa nkibintu byerekana imiterere yimiterere yikirere hamwe nicyitegererezo cya karubone kugirango hamenyekane uburyo ikirere cyo mu kirere cya gaze ya parike ishobora guhinduka mugihe kizaza. Ukurikije imibereho yubukungu nubukungu bworoheje, moderi zitanga ingufu za CO ₂ zo mu kirere zingana hagati ya 380 na 1400 ppm. Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Raporo yerekana ko ubushyuhe bwisi bushobora kugera kuri 1.0&nbsp;° C kugeza 1.8&nbsp;° C mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21 munsi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere . Hagati aho ubushyuhe bwisi bwagera kuri 2.1&nbsp;° C kugeza kuri 3.5&nbsp;° C, na 3.3&nbsp;° C kugeza 5.7&nbsp;° C munsi yikirere cyinshi cyane . Ibiteganijwe bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cy’ikirere hamwe no kureba. [135] Ingengo yimari ya karubone isigaye igenwa no kwerekana icyerekezo cya karubone hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuri gaze ya parike. Nk’uko IPCC ibivuga, ubushyuhe bw’isi burashobora kubikwa munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C hamwe na bibiri bya gatatu amahirwe niba imyuka ihumanya nyuma ya 2018 itarenze 420 cyangwa 570 gigatonnes ya CO . Ibi bihuye nimyaka 10 kugeza 13 yimyuka ihumanya ikirere. Hano hari byinshi bidashidikanywaho kubyerekeye ingengo yimari. Kurugero, irashobora kuba gigatonnes 100 ya CO ntoya kubera metani irekurwa na permafrost nigishanga . Icyakora, biragaragara ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ari byinshi cyane ku buryo ibura ryashingirwaho mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu kinyejana cya 21. == Ingaruka == [[Dosiye:Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg|thumb| Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Isuzuma Raporo ihinduka mubushuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka bushobora guhungabanya ubuhinzi nibidukikije. Kugabanuka k'ubushuhe bwubutaka kubwo gutandukana bisanzwe bivuze ko impuzandengo yubutaka bwubutaka buzahuza numwaka wa cyenda wumye hagati ya 1850 na 1900 aho hantu.]] === Ingaruka ku bidukikije === Ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni nini kandi igera kure, bigira ingaruka ku nyanja, urubura, n’ikirere. Impinduka zirashobora kubaho buhoro buhoro cyangwa vuba. Ibimenyetso kuri izo ngaruka biva mu kwiga imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bihe byashize, biturutse ku kwerekana imiterere, no mu bushakashatsi bugezweho. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, amapfa nubushyuhe byagaragaye icyarimwe hamwe no kongera inshuro. Ibihe bitose cyangwa byumye mugihe cyimvura cyiyongereye mubuhinde no muri [[Aziya]] yuburasirazuba. Igipimo cy’imvura n’ubukomezi bwa serwakira na serwakira birashoboka ko byiyongera, kandi imiterere y’akarere ishobora kwaguka poleward bitewe n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Studholme |first1=Joshua |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Gulev |first3=Sergey K. |last4=Emanuel |first4=Kerry |last5=Hodges |first5=Kevin |date=2022 |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |journal=Nature Geoscience |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1}}</ref> Inshuro za serwakira zo mu turere dushyuha ntiziyongereye bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2020 |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202042723/https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg|thumb| Amateka y’inyanja yongeye kwiyubaka hamwe n’ibiteganijwe kugera kuri 2100 byasohowe muri 2017 na Porogaramu ishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’Amerika muri Amerika ]] Urwego rw'inyanja ku isi ruzamuka bitewe n'ingaruka zo gushonga kw'ibarafu, gushonga kw'ibarafu muri Greenland na Antaragitika, no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Hagati ya 1993 na 2020, izamuka ryiyongereye igihe, ugereranije 3.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;mm ku mwaka. Mu kinyejana cya 21, imishinga ya IPCC ivuga ko mu kirere cyinshi cyane ikirere gishobora kuzamuka kuri 61-110&nbsp;cm. Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja burimo gutesha agaciro kandi bugatera ubwoba ko hazacukurwa ahantu h'ibarafu ya Antaragitika, hashobora kubaho gushonga cyane ku rubura rwa barafu kandi bikaba bishoboka ko inyanja ya metero 2 yazamuka ikagera kuri 2100 bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. [149] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo igabanuka kandi igabanuka rya barafu yo mu nyanja ya Arctique . Mugihe icyi kitarimo urubura giteganijwe kuba gake kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C dogere yubushyuhe, biteganijwe kubaho rimwe mumyaka itatu cyangwa icumi kurwego rwo gushyuha rwa 2&nbsp;° C. Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere CO bwateye impinduka muri chimie yo mu nyanja . Ubwiyongere bwa CO bwasheshwe butera inyanja aside . Byongeye kandi, umwuka wa ogisijeni uragabanuka kuko ogisijeni idashonga mu mazi ashyushye. Uturere twapfuye mu nyanja, uturere dufite ogisijeni nkeya, nazo ziraguka. === Gutanga amanota n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire === Ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi byongera ibyago byo kunyura ' ahantu hahanamye ' - imbibi zirenze izo ngaruka zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa nubwo ubushyuhe bwagabanutse. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong McKay |first1=David I. |last2=Staal |first2=Arie |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Winkelmann |first4=Ricarda |date=9 September 2022 |title=Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points |journal=Science |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabn7950 |doi=10.1126/science.abn7950 |pmid=36074831}}</ref> Urugero ni ugusenyuka kw'ibarafu ya Antaragitika y'Iburengerazuba na Greenland, aho ubushyuhe buzamuka 1.5 kugeza 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kwiyemeza amabati gushonga, nubwo igihe cyo gushonga kitazwi kandi biterwa nubushyuhe buzaza. <ref name="NESSC2018">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Tipping points in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets |url=https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=NESSC |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045737/https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Impinduka nini nini zishobora kubaho mugihe gito, nko guhagarika imigezi imwe yinyanja nka Atlantike Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Ingingo zitanga inama zirashobora kandi kubamo kwangirika bidasubirwaho kubidukikije nkibiti byamashyamba ya Amazone hamwe namabuye ya korali. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearce |first=Rosamund |last2=Prater |first2=Tom |date=10 February 2020 |title=Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=CarbonBrief |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007002119/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja zirimo gushonga urubura, ubushyuhe bw’inyanja, izamuka ry’inyanja, hamwe na aside aside . Mu bihe by’ibinyejana kugeza mu binyejana byinshi, ubunini bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere buzagenwa cyane cyane n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO . Ibi biterwa na CO 'ndende yubuzima bwikirere. Kwakira inyanja CO biratinda bihagije kuburyo aside yo mu nyanja izakomeza kumyaka ibihumbi kugeza ibihumbi. [163] Bivugwa ko ibyo byuka byongereye igihe cy’ibihe by’ibihe byibuze imyaka 100.000. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja buzakomeza mu binyejana byinshi, bivugwa ko izamuka rya 2.3 metres per degree Celsius (4.2 ft / ° F) nyuma yimyaka 2000. === Kamere n'ibinyabuzima === Ubushyuhe bwa vuba bwateje amoko menshi yo ku isi n’amazi meza poleward no kugera ahirengeye . Urwego rwo hejuru rwo mu kirere CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye habaho icyatsi kibisi. Nyamara, ubushyuhe n’amapfa byagabanije umusaruro w’ibidukikije mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Impirimbanyi zizaza zizi ngaruka zinyuranye ntizisobanutse. [167] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagize uruhare mu kwagura ahantu humye h’ikirere, nko kwagura ubutayu muri subtropique . Ingano n'umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi birahindura impinduka zitunguranye muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bishoboka. [169] Muri rusange, biteganijwe ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere izavamo amoko menshi. [170] Inyanja yashyushye gahoro gahoro kurusha ubutaka, ariko ibimera ninyamaswa zo mu nyanja bimukiye mu nkingi zikonje vuba kurusha amoko yo ku butaka. Kimwe no ku butaka, ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja bubaho kenshi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bikangiza ibinyabuzima byinshi nka korali, kelp, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja . Acide acide yo mu nyanja ituma bigora ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja nka mussele, barnacle na korali kubyara ibishishwa na skeleti ; nubushyuhe bwahumuye amabuye ya korali . [173] Indabyo mbi ya algal yongerewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe na eutrophasi igabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni, bigahungabanya imiyoboro y’ibiribwa kandi bigatakaza ubuzima bw’inyanja. Ibinyabuzima byo ku nkombe birahangayitse cyane. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga ku isi byarazimye kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi ngaruka z’abantu. [175] {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bidukikije''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt = Amafoto yo mumazi ya korali ishami ryera ryera | [[Ecological collapse|Isenyuka ry’ibidukikije]] . Guhumura [[Coral bleaching|kwa korali]] biturutse [[Marine heatwave|kumyuka yubushyuhe]] byangije [[Great Barrier Reef|inyanja nini]] kandi bibangamira [[Coral reef|amabuye ya korali]] kwisi yose. Dosiye:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt = Ifoto ya nimugoroba mugace ka kibaya. Igishushanyo cyumusozi uri hakurya cyaka gitukura kuva mumuriro. | [[Extreme weather|Ikirere gikabije]] . Uruzuba hamwe nubushuhe bukabije bwarushijeho gukomera muri [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season#Climate change|2020 muri Ositaraliya]] . Dosiye:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt = Ahantu nyaburanga harahagarikwa ninkovu nini yuzuye ibyondo aho ubutaka bwagabanutse. | [[Climate change in the Arctic|Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique]] . [[Permafrost#Climate change effects|Permafrost yonona]] ibikorwa remezo no [[Arctic methane emissions|kurekura metani]], gaze ya parike. <ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Turetsky |first1=Merritt R. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Jones |first3=Miriam C. |last4=Anthony |first4=Katey Walter |date=2019 |title=Permafrost collapse is accelerating carbon release |journal=Nature |volume=569 |issue=7754 |pages=32–34 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-01313-4 |pmid=31040419}}</ref> Dosiye:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear edit.jpg|alt = Ikidubu cyacitse intege gihagaze hejuru y ibisigazwa byurubura rushonga. | [[Habitat destruction|Kurimbuka]] . Inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu majyaruguru zishingiye ku rubura rwo mu nyanja, zagiye zicika muri Arctique ishyuha. Dosiye:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt = Ifoto yikibanza kinini cyamashyamba. Ibiti byatsi bivanze nibiti binini byangiritse cyangwa byapfuye bihinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe-umutuku n'umutuku. | [[Climate change and invasive species|Gukwirakwiza udukoko]] . Ubukonje bworoheje butuma [[Mountain pine beetle|inyenzi]] nyinshi zinanasi zibaho kugirango zice amashyamba manini. </gallery> |} === Abantu === [[Dosiye:20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg|thumb| Ikirere gikabije kizagenda kigaragara cyane uko isi ishyuha. ]] Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zigira ingaruka ku bantu ahantu hose ku isi. Ingaruka zirashobora kugaragara ubu kumugabane wose no mukarere kinyanja, hamwe nuburinganire buke, uduce tudateye imbere duhura ningaruka zikomeye. Ubushuhe bukomeje kugira “ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho” ku bantu no ku bidukikije. Ingaruka ziratangwa ku buryo butangana, ariko muri rusange ni nyinshi kubantu batishoboye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi byateye imbere. ==== Ibiryo n'ubuzima ==== OMS yashyize ahagaragara imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Ikirere gikabije kiganisha ku gukomeretsa no gutakaza ubuzima, no kunanirwa kw'ibihingwa ku mirire mibi . Indwara zitandukanye zandura zandura mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, nka feri ya dengue na malariya . [188] Abana bato ni bo bibasirwa cyane no kubura ibiryo. Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bakunze kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. [189] ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryagereranije ko hagati ya 2030 na 2050, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatera impfu zigera ku 250.000 ku mwaka. Basuzumye impfu ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku bageze mu zabukuru, kwiyongera kw'impiswi, malariya, dengue, umwuzure wo ku nkombe, n'imirire mibi y'abana. Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka hapfa abantu barenga 500.000 bapfa bakuze bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiribwa ndetse n'ubuziranenge. Kugeza 2100, 50% kugeza 75% byabatuye isi barashobora guhura nikirere cyangiza ubuzima bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bukabije nubushuhe. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa . Byatumye igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'ibigori, ingano, na soya hagati ya 1981 na 2010. Ubushyuhe buzaza bushobora kurushaho kugabanya umusaruro wisi ku bihingwa bikomeye. Umusaruro w’ibihingwa birashoboka ko uzagira ingaruka mbi mubihugu bidafite uburinganire buke, mugihe ingaruka zamajyaruguru zishobora kuba nziza cyangwa mbi. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 183 biyongera ku isi, cyane cyane abafite amikoro make, bafite inzara kubera izo ngaruka. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo igira ingaruka ku baturage b’amafi. Kwisi yose, bike bizaboneka kuroba. [197] Uturere dushingiye ku mazi y’ibarafu, uturere tumaze gukama, n’ibirwa bito bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhangayikishwa n’amazi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imibereho ==== Ibyangiritse mu bukungu bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi hari amahirwe y’ingaruka mbi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishobora kuba imaze kongera ubusumbane mu bukungu ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza. Ingaruka nyinshi ziteganijwe muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho abaturage benshi baho batunzwe n'umutungo kamere n'ubuhinzi ''',''' na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. Banki y'isi ivuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutuma abantu barenga miliyoni 120 mu bukene mu 2030. [203] Ubusumbane buriho bushingiye ku butunzi n'imibereho myiza bwarushijeho kwiyongera kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ingorane zikomeye mu kugabanya, guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zihura n’abantu bahejejwe inyuma badafite ubushobozi buke ku mutungo. <ref name=":7">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref> Abasangwabutaka, batunzwe n'ubutaka bwabo ndetse n'ibidukikije, bazahura n'ingaruka z'imibereho yabo n'imibereho yabo kubera imihindagurikire y'ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113073917/https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Impuguke zatanzwe zanzuye ko uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro rwabaye ruto ugereranije n’ibintu nk’ubusumbane mu mibereho n’ubukungu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa Leta. [207] Ibirwa biri hasi hamwe n’abaturage bo ku nkombe babangamiwe n’izamuka ry’inyanja, bigatuma imyuzure ikunze kugaragara. Rimwe na rimwe, ubutaka bwatakaye burundu ku nyanja. [208] Ibi bishobora gutera ubwenegihugu kubantu bo mu bihugu birwa, nka [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] na [[Tuvalu]] . Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, izamuka ry’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe birashobora kuba bibi cyane ku buryo abantu batabimenyera. [210] Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije, imishinga yerekana ko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ikiremwamuntu ishobora gutura mu bihe bishyushye cyane kandi bidashobora guturwa, bisa n’ikirere kiriho ubu kiboneka muri Sahara. Izi ngingo zishobora gutwara kwimuka kw ibidukikije, haba mubihugu ndetse no mubihugu. Abantu benshi biteganijwe ko bazimurwa kubera izamuka ry’inyanja, ikirere gikabije n’amakimbirane biturutse ku guhatanira kongera umutungo kamere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi kongera intege nke, biganisha ku "baturage bafashwe" badashobora kwimuka kubera kubura amikoro. {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bantu''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|[[Environmental migrant|Kwimuka kw'ibidukikije]] . Imvura idasanzwe iganisha ku [[Desertification|butayu]] bwangiza ubuhinzi kandi bushobora kwimura abaturage. Yerekanwa: Telly, Mali (2008). Dosiye:Corn shows the effect of drought.jpg|[[Effects of climate change on agriculture|Impinduka mu buhinzi]] . Amapfa, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, nikirere gikabije bigira ingaruka mbi mubuhinzi. Yerekanwa: Texas, Amerika (2013). Dosiye:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|[[Tidal flooding|Umwuzure w'amazi]] . Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja bwongera umwuzure mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja. Yerekanwa: [[Venice#Flooding|Venise, Ubutaliyani]] (2004). Dosiye:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|[[Tropical cyclones and climate change|Kwiyongera k'umuyaga]] . Bangaladeshi nyuma ya [[Cyclone Sidr|serwakira Sidr]] (2007) ni urugero rwumwuzure w’ibiza uturutse ku mvura yiyongereye. Dosiye:The heat is on ESA19461898.jpeg|Ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibintu nka [[June 2019 European heat wave|Kamena 2019 ubushyuhe bwi Burayi]] buragenda bwiyongera. </gallery> |} == Kugabanya no gufata ibyuka bihumanya == [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg|left|thumb| Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose, bishingiye kuri politiki n'imihigo guhera ku ya 11/21]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kugabanywa mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kongera imyanda ikurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwisi kugeza munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi bigomba kuba net-zeru muri 2050, cyangwa muri 2070 hamwe na 2&nbsp;Intego ya C. Ibi bisaba impinduka zigera kure, zitunganijwe muburyo butigeze bubaho mu mbaraga, ubutaka, imigi, ubwikorezi, inyubako, n'inganda. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije ivuga ko ibihugu bigomba kwikuba gatatu ibyo byiyemeje mu masezerano y’i Paris mu myaka icumi iri imbere kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’isi bugere kuri 2&nbsp;° C. Urwego runini rwo kugabanya rusabwa kugirango rwuzuze 1.5&nbsp;° C intego. Hamwe n'imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano guhera mu Kwakira 2021, ubushyuhe bw’isi buracyafite amahirwe ya 66% yo kugera kuri 2.7&nbsp;° C (intera: 2.2–3.2&nbsp;° C) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kwisi yose, kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kuvamo inyungu zirenze ibiciro. Nubwo nta nzira imwe yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5 cyangwa 2&nbsp; C. Kugabanya umuvuduko w’ibinyabuzima no kongera ubushobozi bwa gahunda ya karubone, impinduka nazo zaba nkenerwa mu buhinzi n’amashyamba, nko gukumira amashyamba no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hakoreshejwe amashyamba . Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bufite ibyago byinshi. Scenarios igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C mubisanzwe umushinga munini wo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde mu kinyejana cya 21. Hano hari impungenge, nubwo, gushingira cyane kuri tekinoroji, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Imicungire y'izuba (SRM) nayo ninyongera ishoboka yo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ariko, SRM yazamura ibibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire namategeko, kandi ingaruka ntizisobanutse neza. === Ingufu zisukuye === [[Dosiye:Global_Energy_Consumption.svg|thumb| Amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe bikomeza kuba isoko yambere yingufu zisi nubwo ibivugururwa byatangiye kwiyongera byihuse. ]] [[Dosiye:Lisberg_Burg_Windräder_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg|thumb| Umuyaga n'izuba, Ubudage]] Ingufu zisubirwamo ni urufunguzo rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibicanwa biva mu kirere byagize 80% by'ingufu z'isi muri 2018. Umugabane wasigaye wagabanijwe hagati y’ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibishobora kongerwa (harimo amashanyarazi, bioenergy, umuyaga n’izuba n’ingufu za geothermal ). Urwo ruvange ruteganijwe guhinduka cyane mumyaka 30 iri imbere. Imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'umuyaga wo ku nkombe ubu biri muburyo buhendutse bwo kongerera ingufu amashanyarazi mashya ahantu henshi. Ibishobora kuvugururwa byagaragazaga 75% by'amashanyarazi mashya yose yashyizwe muri 2019, hafi izuba n'umuyaga. Ubundi buryo bwingufu zisukuye, nka kirimbuzi n’amashanyarazi, kuri ubu bifite uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu. Ariko, iteganyagihe ryiterambere ryabo risa nkaho rigereranijwe. Kugera kuri 2050 kutabogama kwa karubone, ingufu zishobora kuba uburyo bwambere bwo kubyara amashanyarazi, bikazamuka kugera kuri 85% cyangwa birenga muri 2050 mubihe bimwe. Ishoramari mu makara ryavaho kandi ikoreshwa ry’amakara hafi ya 2050. Amashanyarazi aturuka ku masoko ashobora kuvugururwa nayo agomba kuba isoko nyamukuru yo gushyushya no gutwara. Ubwikorezi burashobora kuva mumodoka ya moteri yaka imbere no kugana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe nubwikorezi bukora (gusiganwa ku magare no kugenda). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> Kubyohereza no kuguruka, lisansi nkeya yagabanya ibyuka bihumanya. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last1=Rogelj |first1=J. |last2=Shindell |first2=D. |last3=Jiang |first3=K. |last4=Fifita |first4=S. |date=2018 |title=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5°C in the Context of Sustainable Development |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf |website=Global Warming of 1.5°C |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=93–174}}</ref> Ubushyuhe bushobora kurushaho kuba decarbonone hamwe nikoranabuhanga nka pompe yubushyuhe . Hariho inzitizi zo gukomeza kwiyongera byihuse byingufu zisukuye, harimo nibishobora kuvugururwa. Ku muyaga n'izuba, hari ibidukikije n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ku mishinga mishya. Umuyaga nizuba nabyo bitanga ingufu mugihe kimwe nigihe gihindagurika . Ubusanzwe, ingomero za hydro zifite ibigega hamwe ninganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mugihe umusaruro uhindagurika ari muke. Kujya imbere, ububiko bwa batiri burashobora kwagurwa, ingufu zikenewe hamwe nibitangwa birashobora guhuzwa, kandi kohereza intera ndende birashobora guhinduka neza kubishobora kuvugururwa. Bioenergy ntabwo iba idafite karubone kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubiribwa. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu za kirimbuzi bugarukwaho n'impaka zishingiye ku myanda ya kirimbuzi, ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro za kirimbuzi, n'impanuka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=Ambio |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–S49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |pmid=26667059}}</ref> Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi rigarukira ku kuba ahantu heza hateguwe, kandi imishinga mishya ikaba ihanganye n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects. |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013011718/https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingufu nke za karubone zitezimbere ubuzima bwabantu mukugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ifite kandi inyungu mu gihe cya vuba cyo kugabanya impfu ziterwa n’ikirere, zagereranyaga miliyoni 7 buri mwaka mu 2016. Kuzuza intego zamasezerano ya Paris agabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;Ubwiyongere bwa C bushobora gukiza abagera kuri miliyoni muri ubwo buzima mu mwaka wa 2050, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’isi bugera kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C irashobora kuzigama miriyoni kandi icyarimwe ikongerera umutekano ingufu no kugabanya ubukene. Kuzamura ikirere kandi bifite inyungu zubukungu zishobora kuba nini kuruta ibiciro bya mituweli. === Kubungabunga ingufu === Kugabanya ingufu zikenewe ni ikindi kintu gikomeye cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Niba ingufu nke zikenewe, haribindi byoroshye guhinduka byiterambere ryingufu. Bituma kandi byoroha gucunga amashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byibanda cyane. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu ishoramari ry’ingufu bizasabwa kugera ku ntego z’ikirere, ugereranije n’urwego rw’ishoramari mu mbaraga zishobora kubaho. Impinduka nyinshi za COVID-19 zijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, ishoramari rikoresha ingufu, ninkunga byatumye iteganyagihe ryiyi myaka icumi rigoye kandi ridashidikanywaho. Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa ziratandukanye. Mu bwikorezi, abagenzi n’imizigo barashobora guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gukora ingendo, nka bisi na gari ya moshi, cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ingamba zinganda zo kugabanya ingufu zikenewe zirimo kunoza sisitemu yo gushyushya na moteri, gukora ibicuruzwa bitita cyane ku mbaraga, no kongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwubwubatsi hibandwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako nshya, n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ingufu zikoreshwa muri retrofiting. Gukoresha tekinoroji nka pompe yubushyuhe birashobora kandi kongera ingufu zubaka. === Ubuhinzi n'inganda === [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg|thumb| Urebye imyuka ihumanya itaziguye kandi itaziguye, inganda nizo nzego zifite uruhare runini rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.]] Ubuhinzi n’amashyamba bihura n’ingorabahizi eshatu zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, birinda ko amashyamba ahinduka mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ibiribwa ku isi. Ibikorwa byinshi bishobora kugabanya ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ashingiye ku mashyamba bibiri bya gatatu kuva ku rwego rwa 2010. Muri byo harimo kugabanya ubwiyongere bukenewe ku biribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kongera umusaruro w’ubutaka, kurinda no kugarura amashyamba, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi. Kuruhande rwibisabwa, igice cyingenzi cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni uguhindura abantu ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera . Kurandura umusaruro w’amatungo y’inyama n’amata byakuraho hafi 3/4 by’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu buhinzi n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka. Amatungo kandi afite 37% yubutaka butagira urubura kwisi kandi akoresha ibiryo biva kuri 12% yubutaka bukoreshwa mubihingwa, gutwara amashyamba no kwangirika kwubutaka. Umusaruro w'ibyuma na sima ushinzwe hafi 13% byangiza imyanda ya CO . Muri izo nganda, ibikoresho byibanda cyane kuri karubone nka kokiya na lime bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro, ku buryo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO bisaba ubushakashatsi mu bundi buryo bwa shimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries |url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |pages=11, 19–22 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901044811/https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> === Urutonde rwa karubone === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg|thumb| Ibyuka byinshi byangiza imyuka CO byinjijwe no kurohama karubone, harimo gukura kw'ibimera, gufata ubutaka, no gufata inyanja (Ingengo y’imari ya 2020 ya Carbone ).]] Imyuka ya karubone isanzwe irashobora kongererwa imbaraga kugirango ikurikirane cyane CO irenze urwego rusanzwe rusanzwe. Gutema amashyamba no gutera ibiti ku butaka butari amashyamba biri mu buhanga bukuze bukurikirana, nubwo bwa nyuma butera impungenge ibiribwa. Abahinzi barashobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya karubone mu butaka binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukoresha ibihingwa bitwikiriye imbeho, kugabanya ubukana n’inshuro yo guhinga, no gukoresha ifumbire n’ifumbire nkivugurura ubutaka. Kugarura / kwidagadura ibishanga byo ku nkombe n’ibyatsi byo mu nyanja byongera gufata karubone mu bintu kama ( karubone yubururu ). Iyo karubone ifashwe mubutaka no mubintu kama nkibiti, harikibazo cyuko karubone yongeye kurekurwa mukirere nyuma binyuze mumihindagurikire yimikoreshereze yubutaka, umuriro, cyangwa izindi mpinduka mubidukikije. Iyo ingufu zitanga ingufu cyangwa CO - inganda zikomeye zikomeje gutanga imyanda CO , gaze irashobora gufatwa ikabikwa aho kurekurwa mukirere. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo rigarukira mubipimo kandi bihenze, gufata no kubika karubone (CCS) birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO mu kinyejana rwagati. [270] Ubu buhanga, bufatanije na bioenergy ( BECCS ) bushobora kuvamo imyuka mibi: CO ikurwa mu kirere. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana neza niba tekinike yo gukuramo karubone izashobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C. Ibyemezo bya politiki bishingiye ku gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde byongera ibyago byo gushyuha kwisi kuzamuka kurenza intego mpuzamahanga. == Kurwanya == [[Dosiye:FrontLines-EGAT_2011_Environment_Photo_Contest_Top_Entry_(5842818280).jpg|thumb| Gutera Mangrove hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora kugabanya imyuzure yo ku nkombe .]] [[Dosiye:Seawallventnor.jpg|thumb| Inyanja yo kurinda umuyaga ukabije watewe no kuzamuka kwinyanja]] [[Dosiye:20080708_Chicago_City_Hall_Green_Roof_Edit1.jpg|thumb| Igisenge kibisi kugirango gitange ubukonje mumijyi]] Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni "inzira yo guhindura imihindagurikire y'ikirere cyangwa iteganijwe mu kirere n'ingaruka zayo". <ref name=":32">IPCC, 2022: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230122220619/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318140208/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3–33, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001.</ref> : 5 Hatabayeho kugabanuka kworoheje, kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntibishobora gukumira ingaruka z’ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho. [274] Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije isaba guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane. [275] Ubushobozi nubushobozi abantu bashobora kumenyera bikwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye ndetse n’abaturage, kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri rusange bifite bike. Imyaka 20 yambere yikinyejana cya 21 hagaragaye kwiyongera mubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ibihugu byinshi bikennye kandi biciriritse hamwe n’iterambere ry’isuku n’amashanyarazi, ariko iterambere riratinda. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yimari ikenewe kandi iboneka. [277] Kumenyera kuzamuka kwinyanja bigizwe no kwirinda ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’akaga, kwiga kubana n’umwuzure wiyongereye no kurindwa. Niba ibyo binaniwe, umwiherero ucungwa urashobora gukenerwa. Hano hari inzitizi zubukungu mugukemura ingaruka zubushyuhe. Kwirinda akazi gakomeye cyangwa kugira ubukonje ntibishoboka kuri bose. [279] Mu buhinzi, uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere burimo guhinduranya indyo irambye, gutandukana, kurwanya isuri no kunoza imiterere y’imiterere hagamijwe kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [280] Ubwishingizi butanga kugabana ibyago, ariko akenshi biragoye kubona kubantu binjiza amafaranga make. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |date=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979}}</ref> Uburezi, abimukira hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare birashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ikirere. [282] Gutera mangrove cyangwa gutera inkunga ibindi bimera byo ku nkombe birashobora guhagarika umuyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Shorthand |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195218/https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=World Economic Forum |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195234/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, inzira ishobora gushyigikirwa n'abantu. Mugukomeza guhuza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, amoko arashobora kwimuka mubihe byiza byikirere. Ubwoko burashobora kandi kwerekanwa mubice bifite ikirere cyiza . Kurinda no gusana ahantu nyaburanga nigice cya kamere bifasha kubaka imbaraga, byorohereza urusobe rwibinyabuzima guhinduka. Byinshi mubikorwa biteza imbere imihindagurikire y’ibinyabuzima, bifasha kandi abantu kumenyera binyuze mu kurwanya ibidukikije . Kurugero, kugarura gahunda yumuriro karemano bituma umuriro wibiza udashoboka, kandi bikagabanya guhura kwabantu. Guha inzuzi umwanya munini bituma habaho kubika amazi muri sisitemu karemano, kugabanya ibyago byumwuzure. Amashyamba yagaruwe akora nk'icyuzi cya karubone, ariko gutera ibiti mu turere tudakwiye birashobora kongera ingaruka z’ikirere. Hariho imikoranire hamwe nubucuruzi hagati yo kurwanya no kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere akenshi bitanga inyungu z'igihe gito, mu gihe kugabanuka bifite inyungu z'igihe kirekire. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |date=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=Climatic Change |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0}}</ref> Kongera imikoreshereze yumuyaga bituma abantu barushaho guhangana nubushyuhe, ariko byongera ingufu zikenewe. [[IMITURIRE|Iterambere ryimijyi]] irashobora gutuma imyuka igabanuka mu bwikorezi no kubaka. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kongera ingaruka zo mu birwa byo mu mujyi, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no kwiyongera. Kongera umusaruro w'ibiribwa bifite inyungu nini haba mu kurwanya no kugabanya. == Ingamba na politiki == Ibihugu byibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ubusanzwe byashinzwe uruhare ruto rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi bitera kwibaza kubyerekeye ubutabera nubutabera. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ifitanye isano n’iterambere rirambye. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi byoroha kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye, nko kurandura ubukene no kugabanya ubusumbane. Ihuriro ryemewe mu ntego zirambye z’iterambere 13 ari "gufata ingamba zihutirwa zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zayo". Intego ku biribwa, amazi meza no kurengera ibidukikije bifite aho bihurira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [291] Geopolitike y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragoye. Byakunze gushyirwaho nkikibazo cyo gutwara abantu ku buntu, aho ibihugu byose byungukira mu kugabanya ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’ibindi bihugu, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byatakaza kuva mu bukungu buke bwa karubone ubwabyo. Uku gushiraho kwamaganwe. Kurugero, inyungu zamakara ziva mubuzima rusange nibidukikije byaho birenze ibiciro hafi yakarere kose. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere batsindira mu bukungu kuva mu guhindura ingufu zisukuye, bigatuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’umutungo wangiritse : ibicanwa bidashobora kugurisha. === Amahitamo ya politiki === Politiki, amabwiriza, n'amategeko menshi birakoreshwa mukugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kugeza muri 2019, ibiciro bya karubone bikubiyemo hafi 20% byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Carbone irashobora kugurwa imisoro ya karubone hamwe na sisitemu yubucuruzi bwangiza . Inkunga ya peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ku isi yageze kuri miliyari 319 z'amadolari muri 2017, na tiriyari 5.2 z'amadolari igihe ibiciro nko guhumanya ikirere biguzwe. Kurangiza ibyo birashobora gutuma igabanuka rya 28% byangiza imyuka y’ikirere no kugabanuka kwa 46% by’impfu z’ikirere. Amafaranga yazigamiwe ku nkunga y’ibinyabuzima ashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye aho. Ubundi buryo butaziguye bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere harimo ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imodoka, ibipimo bya lisansi ishobora kongerwa, n’amabwiriza yangiza ikirere ku nganda zikomeye. Ibihugu byinshi bisaba ibikorwa byingirakamaro kugirango byongere umugabane wibishobora kuvugururwa mumashanyarazi . Politiki yateguwe binyuze mu butabera bw’ikirere igerageza gukemura ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubusumbane mu mibereho. Kurugero, ibihugu bikize bifite uruhare runini rwibyuka bihumanya ikirere byishyura ibihugu bikennye kugirango bihuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gabbatiss |first=Josh |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |date=4 October 2021 |title=In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015213312/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |url-status=live }}</ref> Mugihe ikoreshwa ryibicanwa bigabanuka, imirimo mumirenge iratakara. Kugirango bagere ku nzibacyuho iboneye, aba bantu bakeneye imyitozo kugirango bakore indi mirimo. Imiryango ifite abakozi ba peteroli benshi bakeneye ishoramari ryiyongera. === Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ikirere === [[Dosiye:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Kuva mu 2000, izamuka rya CO mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi yose ryarenze umusaruro w’Amerika n'Uburayi. ]] [[Dosiye:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Ku muntu, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zitanga CO ku kigero cyihuta cyane kuruta utundi turere twibanze. ]] Ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi bifite uruhare mu masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu 1994 (UNFCCC). Intego ya UNFCCC ni ugukumira abantu babangamira gahunda z’ikirere . Nkuko byavuzwe muri iryo koraniro, ibi bisaba ko ingufu za gaze ya parike zihagarara mu kirere ku buryo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rushobora guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umusaruro w’ibiribwa ntubangamiwe, kandi iterambere ry’ubukungu rishobora gukomeza. UNFCCC ubwayo ntabwo igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ahubwo itanga urwego rwa protocole ikora. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byiyongereye kuva UNFCCC yashyirwaho umukono. Inama zayo ngarukamwaka nicyiciro cyibiganiro byisi. Amasezerano ya Kyoto yo mu 1997 yongereye UNFCCC kandi akubiyemo amasezerano yiyemeje kubahiriza ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri iyo mishyikirano, G77 (ihagarariye ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ) yasabye manda isaba ibihugu byateye imbere "gufata iyambere" mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubera ko ibihugu byateye imbere byagize uruhare runini mu kwegeranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere. Umwuka w’umuturage nawo wari ukiri muto mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byakenera kohereza byinshi kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ryabyo. Amasezerano ya Copenhagen yo mu 2009 yagaragaye cyane ko atengushye kubera intego zayo nkeya, kandi yangwa n’ibihugu bikennye harimo na G77. Amashyirahamwe yunze ubumwe yari agamije kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi ku isi munsi ya 2&nbsp;° C. Amasezerano yashyizeho intego yo kohereza miliyari 100 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu rwego rwo kugabanya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitarenze 2020, anasaba ko hashyirwaho ikigega cy’ibidukikije . As of 2020 , ikigega cyananiwe kugera ku ntego cyari giteganijwe, kandi gishobora kugabanuka mu nkunga yacyo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Lianbiao |last2=Sun |first2=Yi |last3=Song |first3=Malin |last4=Zhu |first4=Lei |date=2020 |title=Co-financing in the green climate fund: lessons from the global environment facility |journal=Climate Policy |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=95–108 |doi=10.1080/14693062.2019.1690968}}</ref> Muri 2015 ibihugu byose by’umuryango w’abibumbye byaganiriye n’amasezerano y'i Paris, agamije gukomeza ubushyuhe bw’isi munsi ya 2.0&nbsp;° C kandi ikubiyemo intego yo gukomeza gushyuha munsi ya 1.5 ° C. [316] Amasezerano yasimbuye Protokole ya Kyoto. Bitandukanye na Kyoto, nta ntego zoguhumanya ikirere zashyizweho mu masezerano y'i Paris. Ahubwo, urutonde rwibikorwa byakozwe bihuza. Ibihugu bigomba guhora byishyiriraho intego zikomeye kandi bigasubiramo intego buri myaka itanu. Amasezerano y'i Paris yasubiyemo ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigomba gushyigikirwa n'amafaranga. As of October 2021 , Ibihugu 194 n’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] byashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano naho ibihugu 191 kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byemeje cyangwa byemera ayo masezerano. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya Montreal yo mu 1987, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhagarika kohereza imyuka yangiza ozone, ashobora kuba yarabaye ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuruta amasezerano ya Kyoto yagenewe kubikora. Ivugurura rya Kigali ryo mu mwaka wa 2016 ry’amasezerano ya Montreal rigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya hydrofluorocarbone, itsinda ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yabaye umusimbura wa gaze ya ozone yabujijwe. Ibi byatumye Protokole ya Montreal amasezerano akomeye yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722162400/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Muri 2019, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza ibaye guverinoma ya mbere y’igihugu yatangaje ko ibihe byihutirwa. Ibindi bihugu nubutabera byakurikiranye. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yatangaje "ikirere cyihutirwa n’ibidukikije". Komisiyo y’Uburayi yerekanye amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi hagamijwe guhindura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2050. Ibihugu bikomeye muri Aziya byiyemeje imihigo nk'iyi: Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani byiyemeje kutagira aho bibogamiye muri 2050, n'Ubushinwa mu 2060. Mu 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’amategeko “ Fit for 55 ”, ikubiyemo amabwiriza agenga inganda z’imodoka ; imodoka zose nshya ku isoko ry’iburayi zigomba kuba imodoka zeru ziva mu 2035. Mu gihe [[Ubuhinde]] bufite imbaraga zo kongera ingufu, burateganya kandi kwagura amakara muri iki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004183827/https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kugeza mu 2021, hashingiwe ku makuru aturuka muri gahunda 48 z’ikirere z’igihugu, zihagarariye 40% by’amasezerano y’i Paris, byagereranijwe ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaba biri munsi ya 0.5% ugereranije n’urwego rwa 2010, munsi y’intego zo kugabanya 45% cyangwa 25% kugeza gabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C cyangwa 2&nbsp;° C. == Sosiyete == === Guhakana no gutanga amakuru atariyo === [[Dosiye:20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif|right|thumb|Ibyatoranijwe byatoranijwe kuva mugihe gito kugirango bibeshye ko ubushyuhe bwisi butiyongera. Ibara ry'ubururu ryerekana ibihe bigufi byerekana ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire (red redlines). Utudomo twubururu twerekana icyo bita ubushyuhe bwisi . [330]]] Impaka rusange zerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutanga amakuru atari yo, byaturutse muri Amerika kandi kuva ubwo bikwira mu bindi bihugu, cyane cyane [[Kanada]] na Ositaraliya. Abagize uruhare mu guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere bagize ihuriro ryatewe inkunga kandi ihuriweho n’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amatsinda y’inganda, ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo byita ku bidukikije, hamwe n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. Kimwe n'inganda z'itabi, ingamba nyamukuru z'aya matsinda kwari ugushidikanya ku makuru ya siyansi n'ibisubizo. Benshi bahakana, bakirukana, cyangwa bashidikanya ku buryo budashidikanywaho ku bwumvikane bwa siyansi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bwiswe "abakekeranya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere", abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari amakosa . Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana ikirere: bamwe bahakana ko ubushyuhe bubaho na gato, bamwe bakemera ubushyuhe ariko bakavuga ko ari ingaruka kamere, ndetse bamwe bagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Gukora ibintu bidashidikanywaho kuri siyanse nyuma byaje kuba impaka zakozwe : bitera kwizera ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bumenyi bwa siyansi hagamijwe gutinza impinduka za politiki. Ingamba zo guteza imbere ibyo bitekerezo zirimo kunenga ibigo bya siyansi, no kwibaza impamvu abahanga ku giti cyabo. <ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Björnberg |first1=Karin Edvardsson |last2=Karlsson |first2=Mikael |last3=Gilek |first3=Michael |last4=Hansson |first4=Sven Ove |date=2017 |title=Climate and environmental science denial: A review of the scientific literature published in 1990–2015 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=167 |pages=229–241 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.066}}</ref> Urugereko rwerekana imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itangazamakuru byateje ikibazo cyo kutumva neza imihindagurikire y’ikirere. === Kumenyekanisha rubanda n'ibitekerezo === [[Dosiye:20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg|thumb| Abaturage basuzugura cyane urugero rw'ubwumvikane bwa siyansi bwerekana ko abantu batera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name="KingsCollegeReport_20220629">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |website=PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London |page=4}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva 2019 kugeza 2021 <ref name="Powell_2019">{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266}}</ref> bwerekanye ko ubumenyi bwa siyanse buri hagati ya 98.7 na 100%.]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yaje kumenyeshwa n’amahanga mu mpera za 1980. Bitewe n’itangazamakuru mu ntangiriro ya za 90, abantu bakunze kwitiranya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije nko kubura ozone. Mu muco uzwi cyane, filime y’impimbano y’ikirere ''Umunsi ukurikira ejo'' (2004) hamwe na documentaire ya Al Gore ''Ukuri kutorohewe'' (2006) yibanze ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Weart |first=Spencer |title=The Public and Climate Change (cont. – since 1980) |url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |website=The Discovery of Global Warming |publisher=American Institute of Physics}}</ref> [[Intara]] zikomeye z’akarere, uburinganire, imyaka n’itandukaniro rya politiki zirahari haba mu kwita ku baturage no gusobanukirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Abantu benshi bize cyane, ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, [[Umugore|abagore]] n’urubyiruko, wasangaga babona ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ikinyuranyo cy’amashyaka kibaho no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi ibihugu bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO usanga bititaweho cyane. Ibitekerezo ku mpamvu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere biratandukanye cyane hagati y’ibihugu. Impungenge ziyongereye igihe, <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last1=Fagan |first1=Moira |last2=Huang |first2=Christine |date=16 October 2020 |title=Many globally are as concerned about climate change as about the spread of infectious diseases |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/10/16/many-globally-are-as-concerned-about-climate-change-as-about-the-spread-of-infectious-diseases/ |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> kugeza aho mu 2021 abaturage benshi mu bihugu byinshi bagaragaza impungenge nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyangwa bakabona ko ari ibintu byihutirwa ku isi. Inzego zo hejuru zo guhangayikishwa no gushyigikira abaturage muri politiki zita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ==== Imyigaragambyo y’ibihe isaba abayobozi ba politiki gufata ingamba zo gukumira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bashobora gufata uburyo bwo kwerekana imyigaragambyo rusange, kugabanya ibicanwa bya fosile, kuburana nibindi bikorwa. Imyiyerekano ikomeye irimo imyigaragambyo yishuri ryikirere . Muri iki gikorwa, urubyiruko rwo ku isi rwigaragambyaga kuva mu 2018 rusiba ishuri ku wa gatanu, ruyobowe n’umwangavu wo muri Suwede Greta Thunberg . Ibikorwa rusange byo kutumvira kwabaturage byakozwe nitsinda nka Extinction Rebellion bigaragambije bahagarika imihanda no gutwara abantu. Imanza zikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gushimangira ibikorwa by'ikirere bituruka mu bigo bya Leta n'ibigo. Abaharanira inyungu kandi batangiza imanza zireba guverinoma kandi bagasaba ko bafata ingamba zikomeye cyangwa kubahiriza amategeko ariho yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imanza ziregwamo amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange arasaba indishyi z’igihombo n’ibyangiritse == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2if2085ym7n6uuj0rwaw8usenzefia1 0 14490 149489 135176 2026-11-08T02:25:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gisa Fausta''' ni umutegarugori w’umunyarwanda akaba umunyamukuru w’imikono na  siporo, wakora kuri televisiyo yitwa Lemigo TV, akora amakuru ya siporo. Gisa Fausta ni umugore w’umukinnyi wu mupira wa maguru [[Mugiraneza Jean Baptise|Mugiraneza Jean Baptiste]] uzwi nka Migi. Gisa Fausta aka ariwe ushizwe kureberera inyungu ze muri football (agent de joueur).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Mugiraneza-Jean-Baptiste-Migi-na-Gisa-Fausta-barushinze</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/umukinnyi-wa-apr-fc-numunyamakuru-wimikino-barushinze.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054834/https://ar.umuseke.rw/umukinnyi-wa-apr-fc-numunyamakuru-wimikino-barushinze.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/migi-yatangaje-ikintu-gikomeye-akundira-umufasha-we-gisa-fausta-bagiye-kumarana</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugiraneza-jean-baptiste-migi-na</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/imbuto-yurukundo-mu-muryango-wa-migi-na-gisa-fausta/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054834/https://yegob.rw/imbuto-yurukundo-mu-muryango-wa-migi-na-gisa-fausta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abakinnyi-n-abagore-bibafasha-iki-gushaka-cyangwa-birabarangiza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054834/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abakinnyi-n-abagore-bibafasha-iki-gushaka-cyangwa-birabarangiza |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/62171/mu-mafato-mugiraneza-jean-baptiste-miggy-yaseranye-kubana-akaramata-n-umunyamakuru-gisa-fauta-62171.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/108066/the-fanatics-changing-the-face-of-women-football</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/intare-zasuye-migi-yabahishuriye-ko-azagaruka-mu-kibuga-bakina-na-rayon-sports |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054840/https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/intare-zasuye-migi-yabahishuriye-ko-azagaruka-mu-kibuga-bakina-na-rayon-sports |archive-date=2023-03-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ibindi == Gisa Fausta yagize rero yagize isabukuru y’imyaka 29 ku munsi ku italiki ya 18 Ugushyingo, aho ahitamo ko we n’umugabo [[Mugiraneza Jean Baptise|Mugiraneza Jean Baptiste]] uzwi nka Migi, aho bayizihiza bareba umukino w’Amavubi uyihuza n'ikipe ya Centrafrique. Gisa Fausta yize amashuri makuru ya kaminuza, aho yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y`u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]], aho yize itangazamakuru akaza no kurikora.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 0t37tnc4hmvpzyztn9tp1j29ozk776c 0 14735 149373 141704 2026-11-07T21:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Volley ball at Makerere University.jpg|thumb|UTB VC]] '''UTB VC''' (University of Tourism, Technology and Business Studies Volleyball Club) ni [[ikipe]] ya maboko ya volleyball, ikipe ifite icyicaro gikuru giherereye ku Kicukiro kuri Sonatube, UTB VC igira amakipe 2 aya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] n’iya [[Umugore|bagore]]. UTB VC ni ikipe ikina shampiyona ya volleyball muri marushanwa ategurwa n'[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]], [[FRVB]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation) yabaye iya gatatu mu mwaka w’imikino ushize 2018 kugeza 2019 harimo igikombe cy’akarere ka gatanu. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/utb-vc-mu-isura-nshya-n-intego-nshya-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.utb.ac.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517211735/https://www.utb.ac.rw/ |archive-date=2022-05-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/tayson-wakiniraga-utb-yamaze-kwerekeza-muri-gisagara-vc</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/utb-vc-mu-isura-nshya-n-intego-nshya-amafoto</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/niyomukesha-ukinira-rra-vc-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-n-umwe-mu-bayobozi-ba-utb-vc</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90254/volleyball-rra-na-utb-vc-zatsindiye-kuzahurira-mu-mikino-ya-nyuma-ya-playoffs-amafoto-90254.html</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/volleyball-reg-vc-yizeye-kwitwara-neza-imbere-ya-utb-vc</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/utb-vc-yasinyishije-mukunzi-christophe-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/memorial-kayumba-ya-2021-ntikibaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211815/https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/memorial-kayumba-ya-2021-ntikibaye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/55328-2/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mucyo-philbert-umuyobozi-mu-ikipe-ya-utb-yasezeranye-n-umukunzi-we-ukinira-rra-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211816/http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mucyo-philbert-umuyobozi-mu-ikipe-ya-utb-yasezeranye-n-umukunzi-we-ukinira-rra-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/03/volleyball-gisagara-vc-coach-nyirimana-resigns/</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Mu-mukino-w-ishiraniro-APR-VC-itsinze-UTB-VC-yegukana-igikombe-cya-shampiyona</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] 7y10fqm3wx6tj5fjo3d5fgksuttfl4r 0 15014 149356 122081 2026-11-07T20:59:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sugira James''' (wavutse 2 Gashyantare 1997) <ref name="world_athletics_profile">{{Cite web |title=James Sugira |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/james-sugira-14594966 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2020 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> ni umunyarwanda akaba umukinnyi wabigize umwuga kwiruka intera ndende nka Marato.<ref name="world_athletics_profile" /> Muri 2014, yitabiriye imikino ya metero 1500 mu bahungu mu mikino Olempike y'urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi 2014 yabereye i Nanjing mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]].<ref name="world_athletics_profile" /> Muri 2017, yitabiriye irushanwa ry'abagabo bakuru mu marushanwa ya IAAF World Cross Country 2017 yabereye i Kampala, muri [[Uganda]]. <ref name="senior_men_race_world_cross_country_championships_2017">{{Cite web |title=Senior men's race |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/5837/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1121054657 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504172042/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/5837/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1121054657 |archive-date=4 May 2019 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships}}</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa 49. <ref name="senior_men_race_world_cross_country_championships_2017" /> Muri 2018, yaserukiye u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino ya Commonwealth 2018 yabereye muri Gold Coast. <ref name="athletics_results_book_commonwealth_games_2018">{{Cite web |title=Athletics Results Book |url=https://gc2018.com/sites/default/files/2018-04/GC2018_ATH_ResultsBook_v1.0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708095754/https://gc2018.com/sites/default/files/2018-04/GC2018_ATH_ResultsBook_v1.0.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2020 |access-date=8 July 2020 |website=2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Yarushanwe mu bagabo metero 5000 kandi yarangije ku mwanya wa 7. <ref name="athletics_results_book_commonwealth_games_2018" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] n75rc3evqpb45scinu5z3kp2vfyo9zc 0 15015 149370 139966 2026-11-07T21:05:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christophe Tuyishimire''' (wavutse 14 Mutarama 1989) <ref name="world_athletics_profile">{{Cite web |title=Christophe Tuyishimire |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/christophe-tuyishimire-14836329 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711005403/https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/christophe-tuyishimire-14836329 |archive-date=2020-07-11 |access-date=10 July 2020 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> ni umunyarwanda wabigize umwuga wiruka intera ndende muri Marato. Muri 2019, yitabiriye irushanwa ry'abagabo bakuru mu marushanwa ya IAAF ya World Cross Country yabereye muri Aarhus, Danimarike. <ref name="senior_men_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019">{{Cite web |title=Senior men's race |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1530503012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706223921/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6265/AT-XSE-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-1530503012 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |access-date=27 June 2020 |website=2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships}}</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa 84. <ref name="senior_men_race_iaaf_world_cross_country_2019" /> Muri 2018, yaserukiye anahagararira u Rwanda mu mikino ya Commonwealth 2018 yabereye muri Gold Coast. <ref name="athletics_results_book_commonwealth_games_2018">{{Cite web |title=Athletics Results Book |url=https://gc2018.com/sites/default/files/2018-04/GC2018_ATH_ResultsBook_v1.0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708095754/https://gc2018.com/sites/default/files/2018-04/GC2018_ATH_ResultsBook_v1.0.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2020 |access-date=8 July 2020 |website=2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Yarushanwe mu bagabo metero 5000 kandi yarangije ku mwanya wa 14. <ref name="athletics_results_book_commonwealth_games_2018" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] mlcrohqzy5i58sagyp4j4baezwwfqyv 0 15066 149324 92721 2026-11-07T20:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmoud Rizk''' (wavutse 1 Mutarama 1990) ni umukinyi wu mupira wamaguru wabigize umwuga ukomoka mu misiri ukina nkumukinyi wo hagati mu ikipe ya Al Ittihad yo mu Misiri . Rizk yavuye muri El Mansoura yerekeza muri Al Ahly mu 2015 afite amasezerano yimyaka 5, <ref>{{Cite web |title=مدافع الأهلي يوقع للإنتاج الحربي موسم واحد على سبيل الإعارة |url=http://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/316611/1/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5.html |access-date=4 October 2017 |website=بوابة أخبار اليوم}}</ref> ariko yagurijwe muri El Entag El Harby umwaka umwe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=الأهلي يُعير رزق للإنتاج الحربي موسمًا واحدًا.. وجمعة يعتبره مستقبل الدفاع الأحمر |url=http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/719607.aspx |access-date=2017-10-04 |website=بوابة الأهرام |language=ar}}</ref> muri saison ye ya mbere hamwe na El Entag El Harby, yabonye imvune yimbere yimbere ; icyakora iyi kipe yamusinyanye amasezerano ahoraho na Al Ahly shampiyona irangiye. Muri 2017, yongereye amasezerano na El Entag El Harby imyaka 2. Nubwo yongereye amasezerano, yarekuwe niyi kipe mu mpera za shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cya Misiri 2017–18, nyuma yaje kwinjira muri Al Ittihad ku buntu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2018 |title=الاتحاد السكندري يتعاقد مع محمود رزق |trans-title=Al Ittihad Alexandria signs Mahmoud Rizk |url=https://arabia.eurosport.com/article/5266245-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%82 |access-date=10 November 2018 |website=[[Eurosport]] |language=Arabic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000211/https://arabia.eurosport.com/article/5266245-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%82 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wo mu misiri]] 2w1jlexns53mmx33crop5xg0b44lsfe 0 15207 149482 139644 2026-11-08T00:23:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiana Boateng''' (wavutse ku ya 24 Gashyantare 1943) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christiana Boateng |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/70617 |access-date=13 June 2020 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> yari umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ukomoka itariki y'urupfu rutazwi muri Gana. Yitabiriye metero 100 mu bagore mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1964 . <ref>https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/228800-christian-atsu-late-ghanaian-footballers-facebook-post-hours-earthquake-garners-reactions/</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/maintain-fix-dollar-rate-for-6-months-chamber-of-automobile-dealership-to-government/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Muntari-s-tears-Stephen-Appiah-s-eulogy-What-you-might-have-missed-at-Atsu-s-one-week-observation-1726271</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/women-and-girls-with-disabilities-receive-financial-skills-training-start-up-funds/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202205230717.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202205230717.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://adventistreview.org/news/in-ghana-women-are-called-to-touch-a-heart-to-reach-the-world/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313193610/https://adventistreview.org/news/in-ghana-women-are-called-to-touch-a-heart-to-reach-the-world/ |archive-date=2023-03-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(22)01884-0/fulltext</ref><ref>https://news.delaware.gov/2023/01/18/statewide-autism-programs-move-to-department-of-education/</ref><ref>https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria/news/gender-responsive-support-nigerias-polio-eradication-programme-tackle-covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/naomi-akua-gyanwa-okyireh-aka-auntie-naomi/</ref><ref>https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/228800-christian-atsu-late-ghanaian-footballers-facebook-post-hours-earthquake-garners-reactions/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Muntari-s-tears-Stephen-Appiah-s-eulogy-What-you-might-have-missed-at-Atsu-s-one-week-observation-1726271</ref><ref>https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-u20-female-coach-submits-final-squad-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup</ref><ref>https://www.davidemaggio.it/archives/216734/madre-generale-delle-suore-orsoline-commenta-laddio-di-suor-cristina</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ghanamansports.com/2017/06/13/national-womens-league-2016-17-season-5-updates/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313195115/https://ghanamansports.com/2017/06/13/national-womens-league-2016-17-season-5-updates/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://greensboro.com/lifestyles/guilford-county-schools-high-school-a-honor-roll-third-quarter/article_25ee5182-bf1f-11ec-8fe6-37e65588181b.html</ref><ref>https://greensboro.com/lifestyles/guilford-county-schools-high-school-a-honor-roll-third-quarter/article_25ee5182-bf1f-11ec-8fe6-37e65588181b.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] dx8zvnel0ot9utorbrec4k6ypvqkds0 0 15239 149374 133479 2026-11-07T21:06:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubuhinzi bw'icyayi.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi n'ikirere|479x479px]] '''Ubuhinzi [[Ubuhinzi|bw’ikirere]]''' (cyangwa '''ubuhinzi bwangiza ikirere''' ) ni inzira ihuriweho yo gucunga ibibanza bifasha guhuza uburyo [[Ubuhinzi|bw’ubuhinzi]], amatungo n’ibihingwa n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nkaho bishoboka, bikayirwanya hagabanywa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi, icyarimwe hitawe ku baturage biyongera ku isi kugira ngo babashe kwihaza mu biribwa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate-Smart Agriculture |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climate-smart-agriculture |access-date=2019-07-26 |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Ntabwo hibandwa gusa ku [[Ubworozi bwa karubone|buhinzi bwa karubone]] cyangwa ubuhinzi burambye, ahubwo no kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi . "bijyanye n'icyerekezo ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi birambye kandi ishyigikira intego yo gukora ubuhinzi, amashyamba n'uburobyi kurushaho gutanga umusaruro kandi birambye". <ref name="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-19 |title=Climate-Smart Agriculture |url=http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/en/ |access-date=2019-07-26 |website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations |archive-date=2022-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504133532/https://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE Sourcebook |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3325e.pdf |publisher=[[Food and agriculture organization]] of the United Nations}}</ref> == Uburyo no gusuzuma == Ishami rishinzwe ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi ryagaragaje ko ibikoresho byinshi by’ibihugu n’abantu ku giti cyabo muburyo bwo gusuzuma, kugenzura no gusuzuma ibice bigize murigahunda ya CSA no kuyishyira mu bikorwa na FAO. Bimwe muri ibyo bikoresho birimo: <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Climate-Smart Agriculture Methods & Assessments |url=http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/knowledge/methods/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407085641/http://www.fao.org:80/climate-smart-agriculture/knowledge/methods/en/ |archive-date=2016-04-07 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> [[Dosiye:New_crops_rows_near_Park_Wood_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6170608.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi ]] # Uburyo bwo kwerekana ingaruka ku buhinzi bw’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (MOSAICC): Ubu buryo bwo kwerekana imiterere bufasha ibihugu gukora isuzuma ry’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi binyuze mu bigereranyo. # Icyitegererezo cy’isuzuma ry’ibidukikije ku isi (GLEAM): Ibi bigereranya imikoranire y’ibikorwa n’ibikorwa bigira uruhare mu [[UBUHINZI BW'IMBITSE|kubyaza amatungo]] (amata n’inyama) n’ibidukikije. Icyitegererezo cyateguwe hagamijwe gusuzuma ibyiciro byinshi byangiza ibidukikije, nko gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, intungamubiri n’amazi, imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kwangirika kw’ubutaka n’imikoranire y’ibinyabuzima. # Isuzuma rirambye rya gahunda y'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi (SAFA): Amabwiriza ya SAFA ni urwego rwo gusuzuma imikorere irambye mu rwego rw'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi, harimo umusaruro w'amatungo n'ubworozi, amashyamba n'uburobyi. Gukurikirana no gusuzuma ibikorwa bishyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho, gusobanura ibipimo, gupima iterambere no gusuzuma intsinzi n'ibitagenda neza mubikorwa bya CSA. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainability Pathways: FAQ |url=https://www.fao.org/nr/sustainability/sustainability-assessments-safa/faq/en/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027050120/https://www.fao.org/nr/sustainability/sustainability-assessments-safa/faq/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> # Ubukungu n’udushya dushya mu buhinzi bw’ikirere (EPIC): Porogaramu ikorana na guverinoma, za kaminuza, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa b’ibigo mu rwego rwo gushyigikira kwimukira muri CSA binyuze mu isesengura ry’ubukungu na politiki. Irabikora mu kumenya no guhuza politiki y’ubuhinzi-bworozi-mwimerere, ingaruka zisesengura, ingaruka, ibiciro ninyungu kimwe nogushigikira nimbogamizi mugukurikiza imikorere yubuhinzi bwangiza ikirere. # [[Dosiye:Agriculture work 1.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi]]Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT): Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma bwakozwe na FAO. Mu cyiciro cyo guteza imbere umushinga, itanga ex-ante igereranya ingaruka zubuhinzi n’iterambere ry’amashyamba, gahunda na politiki kuri karubone. # Imicungire y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (CRM): Ubu buryo bukomatanyije bukemura ibibazo biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe gito n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe kirekire mu rwego rw’iterambere rirambye. Ikintu cyingenzi kigize CRM ya FAO gikubiyemo gutanga amakuru y’ikirere n’ikirere ku bahinzi, abarobyi n’aborozi borozi kugira ngo basuzume ingaruka kugira ngo amahirwe arusheho kunozwa. # Ihame ry'uburinganire : Kugirango tugere kuri CSA muburyo burambye; hakenewe gusobanukirwa uruhare, ubushobozi ninshingano byabagabo nabagore kugirango barebe kimwe kuri politiki nibikorwa bya CSA. # Gukurikirana no gusuzuma ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ibishobora kugabanuka mu buhinzi (MAGHG): Uyu mushinga uri muri gahunda ya MICCA (Kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buhinzi). Muri uyu mushinga, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango bishyigikirwa mu gukusanya no gutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu buhinzi, amashyamba n’indi mikoreshereze y’ubutaka (AFOLU) ku bijyanye na UNFCCC ibisabwa bijyanye na raporo. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] ibtnkiok5x2em5ltdvwomoh869blyc8 0 15308 149333 120353 2026-11-07T20:34:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Sofiane Belrekaa''' (wavutse ku ya 21 Werurwe 1991) <ref name="judo_results_book_mediterranean_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704181709/https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=2022 Mediterranean Games}}</ref> ni umukinnyi ukina umukino wa jido ukomoka muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Yahagarariye Alijeriya mu mikino nyafurika ya 2019 yabereye i [[Rabat]], muri Maroke kandi yegukana umudari wa feza mu bagabo + 100 kg . <ref name="judo_medalists_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games Judo Medalists |url=https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201057/https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=International Judo Federation}}</ref> Mu marushanwa ya Afurika 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri [[Senegali]], yegukanye umudari wa feza mu birori bye. Yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu bagabo mu biro 100 mu birori bya 2022 Mediterane yabereye Oran, Alijeriya. <ref name="judo_results_book_mediterranean_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704181709/https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=2022 Mediterranean Games}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220704181709/https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf "Judo Results Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''2022 Mediterranean Games''. Archived from [https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} avgm6bsmket1ooasibe7x2d2qmag4ek 0 15330 149329 93151 2026-11-07T20:31:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meriem Bjaoui''' ni umukinnyi ukina uukino wa jido ukomoka muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze inshuro ebyiri mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 63 mu mikino nya furika, yabaye muri 2015 na 2019. Yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 63 mu mikino ya Mediterane yabaye muri 2018 yabereye i Tarragona, Espanye. <ref name="judo_medalists_mediterranean_games_2018">{{Cite web |title=Judo Medalists |url=https://tarragona2018-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/JUD/MED18_JUD-------------------------------_C92_v1..pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704175400/https://tarragona2018-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/JUD/MED18_JUD-------------------------------_C92_v1..pdf |archive-date=4 July 2018 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=2018 Mediterranean Games}}</ref> Yatsindiye kandi imidari mu marushanwa menshi ya Shampiyona nya furika . Yatsindiye umudari umwe wa feza mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 63 mu mikino nya furika yabaye muri 2019 yabereye i Rabat, muri Maroke. <ref name="judo_medalists_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games Judo Medalists |url=https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201057/https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=International Judo Federation}}</ref> Mu marushanwa ya Afurika 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali, yegukanye umudari umwe wa feza mu birori bye. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Tuniziya]] 2yxmnj7ci3ozxf4e26gje5a6zzabnoc 0 15334 149336 120630 2026-11-07T20:42:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:5. Islamic Solidarity Games 2021 Konya Women Judo 70kg Medal Ceremony 20220816 1 (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Nihel Bouchoucha]] '''Nihel Bouchoucha''' ( née '''Landolsi''', wavutse 1 Nyakanga 1995) <ref name="judo_inside_profile">{{Cite web |title=Nihel Landolsi |url=https://www.judoinside.com/judoka/81226/Nihel_Landolsi/judo-results |url-status=live |access-date=19 December 2020 |website=JudoInside.com}}</ref> ni umukinnyi ukina imikino ya Jido ukomoka muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . yegukanye umudari inshuro ebyiri mu mikino nya furika . Yatsindiye kandi umudari wa zahabu inshuro ebyiri muri Shampiyona nyafurika . == Umwuga == Yatsindiye umwe mu midari ya feza mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Jido ya 2018 yabereye muri Tuniziya. Muri 2019, yegukanye umudari wa zahabu mu bagore bafite ibiro 70 mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Jido yabereye i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo. <ref name="results_african_judo_championships_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Judo Championships |url=https://www.africajudo.org/competition/1727/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904223735/https://www.africajudo.org/competition/1727/results |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=African Judo Union}}</ref> Nyuma y'amezi make, yakuweho mu mukino wa mbere mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 70 mu marushanwa ya Jido y'isi ya 2019 yabereye i Tokiyo mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]]. Mu marushanwa ya Afurika 2021 ya Jido yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali, yegukanye umudari wa zahabu. Yagiye kandi mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 70 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Jido yabereye i Budapest, muri [[Hongiriya]]. Yakuweho mu mukino wa kabiri na Maria Portela wo muri Berezile. Yitabiriye amarushanwa ya bafite ibiro 70 mu bagore mu mikino Olempike ya 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani. <ref name="judo_results_book_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801000704/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2021 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa fezamu bagore 70 kg mu mikino ya Mediterranean 2022 yabereye Oran, [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. <ref name="judo_results_book_mediterranean_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704181709/https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=2022 Mediterranean Games}}</ref> == Ibyagezweho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Icyiciro cy'ibiro |- | 2015 | Imikino Nyafurika | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | −70&nbsp;kg |- | 2019 | Imikino Nyafurika | align="center" bgcolor="silver" | Icya kabiri | −70&nbsp;kg |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Tuniziya]] 4ckw9k9v09t66yc5607pwf2h0fg8p9c 0 15337 149326 124810 2026-11-07T20:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Branser''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Kanama 1992) ni umukinnyi uvuka mu budage wavukiye i Leipzig [[Ubudage|mu Budage]] ariko ukomoka mu gihugu [[Gineya|cya Gineya]], ariko yahoze ahagarariye [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu mikino Olempike. <ref name="judo_inside_profile">{{Cite web |title=Marie Branser |url=https://www.judoinside.com/judoka/74793/Marie_Branser/judo-results |url-status=live |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=JudoInside.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judo BRANSER Marie - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1443913-branser-marie.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726071137/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1443913-branser-marie.htm |archive-date=2021-07-26 |access-date=2021-08-08 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Ni inshuro ebyiri yegukanye umudari wa zahabu muri Afurika ya Jido . Mu 2021, yitabiriye amarushanwa ya bafite ibiro 78 mu bagore mu mikino Olempike ya 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani. <ref name="judo_results_book_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801000704/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2021 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Ubudage === Branser yegukanye umudari umwe wa feza nu mudari wa feza mu marushanwa ya Jido yU budage, ariko ntabwo yigeze ahagararira Ubudage mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga akomeye. <ref name="Deutschlandfunk article">{{Cite web |title=Warum eine Leipziger Judoka für den Kongo startet |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/nationenwechsel-im-leistungssport-warum-eine-leipziger.1346.de.html?dram:article_id=485885 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=www.deutschlandfunk.de |language=de}}</ref> === DR Congo === Muri 2019, yahinduye ubwenegihugu aba uwo muri Kongo kugira ngo agerageze kwitabira imikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi ya 2020 . Aracyaba kandi yitoreza i Leipzig ariko ahagarariye [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga. <ref name="Deutschlandfunk article"/> Muri 2020, yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 78 muri Shampiyona nya furika ya 2020 yabereye muri Antananarivo, Madagasikari. <ref name="results_african_judo_championships_2020">{{Cite web |title=2020 African Judo Championships |url=https://www.africajudo.org/competition/2044/results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226021430/https://www.africajudo.org/competition/2044/results |archive-date=26 December 2020 |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=African Judo Union}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2021, yagumanye igikombe cya shampiyona nyuma yo gutsinda mu bafite ibiro 78 mu bagore mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Jido 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2021 |title=Rouhou reclaims title on final day of African Judo Championships |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1108149/rouhou-reclaims-africa-judo-title |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=[[Inside the Games]]}}</ref> === Gineya === Mu 2022, Branser yahisemo guhindura ubwenegihugu muri Gineya, avuga ko kudakora ndetse n'uburangare bya federasiyo ya Jido ya Kongo kuva imikino Olempike. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Judo: Marie Branser abandons Congolese nationality and opts for Guinea |url=https://www.archysport.com/2022/11/judo-marie-branser-abandons-congolese-nationality-and-opts-for-guinea/ |website=Archysport |access-date=17 March 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118192517/https://www.archysport.com/2022/11/judo-marie-branser-abandons-congolese-nationality-and-opts-for-guinea/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma yo guhinduranya, yagiye gutsindira Afurika 2022 yabereye i Dakar mu gusohoka bwa mbere muri Gineya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakar African Open 2022 |url=https://www.ijf.org/competition/2314/results |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=IJF}}</ref> == Ibyagezweho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Igisubizo ! Icyabaye |- ! colspan="5" | Guhagararira</img> Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |- | 2020 | Amarushanwa ya Afurika |</img> [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikari]] | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | Icya 1 | Kimwe cya kabiri kiremereye (78&nbsp;kg) |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 | Amarushanwa ya Afurika |</img> [[Dakar]], [[Senegali]] | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | Icya 1 | Kimwe cya kabiri kiremereye (78<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwVA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>kg) |- | Imikino Olempike |</img> [[Tokyo|Tokiyo]], [[Ubuyapani]] | align="center" | 17 | Kimwe cya kabiri kiremereye (78<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwXw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>kg) |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gineya]] m501h5d2w8nnmvkkhmwvimbwiquopb1 0 15339 149358 109632 2026-11-07T21:00:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Football Pallo valmiina-cropped.jpg|thumb]] '''Taciana Rezende de Cesar Baldé''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taciana Lima |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/130292 |access-date=January 4, 2022 |website=Olympedia |publisher=OLYMadMen}}</ref> yavutse ari '''Lima''' (yavutse ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1988) ni umukinnyi ukomoka muri burezili wavukiye i Olinda muri [[Gineya-Biso|Gineya-biso]] ukina umukino wa jido . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Judo CESAR Taciana - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809025512/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm |archive-date=2021-08-09 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Yitabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu mwaka wa 2016 mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 48, aho yaviriyemo mu cyiciro cya kabiri na Galbadrakhyn Otgontsetseg <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taciana Lima |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/taciana-lima |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817160724/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/taciana-lima |archive-date=August 17, 2016 |access-date=August 17, 2016 |website=Rio 2016}}</ref> Yabaye indashyikirwa muri Gineya-Biso mu muhango wo gusoza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-21 |title=The Flagbearers for the Rio 2016 Closing Ceremony |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/the-flagbearers-for-the-rio-2016-closing-ceremony |access-date=2016-08-22}}</ref> Muri 2019, yitabiriye amarushanwa ya bagore batarengeje ibiro 52 mu marushanwa ya Jido y'isi ya 2019 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani. <ref name="women_52_kg_world_judo_championships_2019">{{Cite web |title=Women's 52 kg |url=http://judolive01.lb.judobase.org/www.judo-world.net/ijf/world/wc_sen2019/tta.php?tta_mode=&aktion=pdf_sheet&klasse=-52 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205134420/http://judolive01.lb.judobase.org/www.judo-world.net/ijf/world/wc_sen2019/tta.php?tta_mode=&aktion=pdf_sheet&klasse=-52 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=2019 World Judo Championships}}</ref> Yitabiriye imikino ya bagore mu biro 52 mu mikino Olempike ya 2020 . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Judo CESAR Taciana - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809025512/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm |archive-date=2021-08-09 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210809025512/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm "Judo CESAR Taciana - Tokyo 2020 Olympics"]. ''Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/''. [[Komite ishinzwe gutegura Tokiyo y'imikino Olempike na Paralympique|Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]]. Archived from [https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1457763-cesar-taciana.htm the original] on 2021-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gineya]] iayp6r8xiidkmaejyb1831xx4ilhi3y 0 15342 149337 121206 2026-11-07T20:42:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nihel Cheikh Rouhou''' (wavutse 5 Mutarama 1987 i ) ni umukinnyi ukina umukio wa jido ukomoka muri <a href="./Tunisiya" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="578" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Tunisia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:53},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Country in North Africa&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q948&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Tunisiya&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:53},&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q948&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;rw&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;link&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwCw" title="Tunisiya">Tuniziya</a> . <ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418064910/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/nihel-cheikh-rouhou-1.html Sports reference profile]</ref> Yitabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 2008 na 2012 mu birori 78 . Mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2008, yatsinze Carmen Chalá mu cyiciro cya mbere yo gutsindwa na Kim Na-Young . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beijing 2008 78kg heavyweight women - Olympic Beijing 2008 Judo |url=https://www.olympic.org/beijing-2008/judo/78kg-heavyweight-women |access-date=2016-07-01 |website=www.olympic.org}}</ref> Mu mikino Olempike ya 2012, yatsinzwe na Maria Suelen Altheman . <ref name=":0"/> Muri 2019, yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu bagore barengeje 78 mu mikino nya furika yabereye i [[Rabat]], muri Maroke. <ref name="judo_medalists_african_games_2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 African Games Judo Medalists |url=https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201057/https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=International Judo Federation}}</ref> Mu 2021, yatsindiye umudari umwe wa feza mu birori yabereye muri Jido yabereye i Doha, muri Qatar. <ref name="results_judo_world_masters_2021">{{Cite web |title=2021 Judo World Masters |url=https://www.ijf.org/competition/2180/results |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=International Judo Federation}}</ref> Mu marushanwa ya Afurika 2021 ya Jido yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali, yegukanye umudari wa zahabu. Muri Kamena 2021, yitabiriye amarushanwa y'abagore bafite ibiro 78 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Jido 2021 yabereye i Budapest, muri [[Hongiriya]]. Yitabiriye kandi imikino y'abagore barengeje ibiro 78 mu mikino Olempike ya 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]]. <ref name="judo_results_book_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801000704/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2021 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nihel Cheikh Rouhou - Player Profile - Judo |url=https://www.eurosport.com/judo/nihel-cheikh-rouhou_prs164342/person.shtml}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa silver mu bagore barengeje ibiro 78 mu mikino ya Mediterane 2022 ya bereye Oran, Alijeriya. <ref name="judo_results_book_mediterranean_games_2022">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704181709/https://gdm2022-pdf.microplustimingservices.com/JUD/ResultBook/GDM2022_JUD_v1.5.pdf |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=2022 Mediterranean Games}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Tuniziya]] lqi1jg6k6bqumyucmo5lerh2hjx7zhs 0 15347 149474 131579 2026-11-07T21:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zouleiha_Dabonné_19.jpg|thumb|right|Zouleiha yambaye imyenda yifashishwa mu mukino wa Karate.|404x404px]] '''Zoulehia Abzetta Dabonne''' (yavutse 15 Ukuboza 1992) ni umukinnyi ukina imikino ya jido ukomoka muri Kote Divuwari . [1] Mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2016 yarushanwe mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 57 . Mu mikino Olempike ya 2020, yarushanwe mu bagore batarengeje ibiro 57 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judo DABONNE Zouleiha Abzetta - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1367740-dabonne-zouleiha-abzetta.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726083820/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/judo/athlete-profile-n1367740-dabonne-zouleiha-abzetta.htm |archive-date=2021-07-26 |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref name="judo_results_book_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Judo Results Book |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801000704/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/JUD/OG2020-_JUD_B99_JUD-------------------------------.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2021 |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref><ref>https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-countries-are-faring-in-islamic-solidarity-games-59813</ref><ref>https://www.ijf.org/news/show/day-1-round-up-uzbekistan-sprint-into-the-lead</ref><ref>https://www.alljudo.net/resultats-judo-7050-championnats-d-afrique-seniors-oran-2022.html</ref> Mu 2021, yatsindiye umudari umwe wa feza mu birori mu marushanwa ya Afurika 2021 ya Jido yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali. <ref>https://www.ijf.org/news/show/FightingTalkGer</ref><ref>https://japan-forward.com/why-is-the-japanese-npo-judos-training-potential-rivals-for-the-olympics/</ref><ref>https://www.opraticante.pt/telma-monteiro-top-5/</ref><ref>https://www.alljudo.net/resultats-judo-7080-jeux-de-la-solidarit%C3%A9-islamique-seniors-konya-2022.html</ref><ref>https://www.ijf.org/news/show/greatness-and-glory</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.7info.ci/sport-ces-femmes-qui-hissent-haut-le-drapeau-ivoirien/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-17 |archive-date=2023-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317150617/https://www.7info.ci/sport-ces-femmes-qui-hissent-haut-le-drapeau-ivoirien/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ijf.org/news/show/YeldosSmetov</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi Kote Divuwari]] 2nktnkpsw1obg2do908hbgyu0ubd7bq 0 15441 149313 126755 2026-11-07T20:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenjok''' '''Athiu''' (wavutse ku ya 5 Kanama 1992) ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi wu mupira]] ukomoka wa Sudani yepfo ukina nku mukinnyi ukinira ikipe ya Heidelberg United yo muri shampiyona ya mbere ya Vicitoriya ndetse ni kipe yi gihugu yu mupira wa maguru ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo . == Umwugamu ikipe == === Urubyiruko === Athiu yinjiye mu ikipe yitwa South Springvale SC mu 2006 afite imyaka 14, maze aba umwe mu bagize itsinda rya mbere nyuma yi myaka itatu. Mu mwaka wa 2012, Athiu yasinyanye amasezerano n’igihe gito na mukeba we Springvale White Eagles, intsinzi y’amakipe yo mu ikipe ya Springvale nyuma yaje kumuha amasezerano n’ikipe ya Box Hill United yo muri Leta ya Victorian izwi cyane muri uwo mwaka. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwinshi, muri 2014 Athiu yasinyiye Heidelberg United. === Intsinzi ya Meliburune === Nyuma yo kubanza guhuzwa no kwerekeza muri Perth Glory, Athiu yasinyanye amasezerano ye yambere yumwuga na Melbourne Victory mu Kwakira 2017 ku nguzanyo yari imaze igihe itangwa na Heidelberg United . Umutoza watsinze Kevin Muscat yabanje kuvuga ko hazaba igihe gito mbere yuko Athiu akora ikipe yambere kubera imvune nubuzima bwiza. Nubwo ariko, Athiu yatangiye gukinira iyi kipe nk'umusimbura mu kunganya na Western Sydney Wanderers yo ku ya 6 Ugushyingo nyuma yuko abakinnyi benshi bateye i Melbourne batabonetse kuri uyu mukino. Ku ya 18 Kamena 2018, Athiu yasinyanye amasezerano mashya yimyaka ibiri na Melbourne Victory. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=Athiu signs two year deal |url=https://www.melbournevictory.com.au/news/kenny-athiu-signs-two-year-deal |publisher=[[Melbourne Victory FC|Melbourne Victory]]}}</ref> Ku ya 28 Kanama 2020, Melbourne Victory yatangaje ko Athiu atazabona amasezerano mashya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victory launch massive cleanout as another four players leave |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/victory-launch-massive-cleanout-as-another-four-players-leave-552576 |access-date=2020-08-29 |website=FTBL |archive-date=2020-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830161109/https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/victory-launch-massive-cleanout-as-another-four-players-leave-552576 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Athiu yari yemerewe guhagararira igihugu cye cyavukiye muri [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani yepfo]] cyangwa igihugu atuyemo muri [[Ositaraliya]] mbere yuko atangira gukina amarushanwa muri Sudani yepfo na [[Gineya]] ya Ekwatoriya ku ya 4 Nzeri 2019 mu mukino ubanza w'icyiciro cya mbere mu gikombe cy'isi cya 2022 . Ku munota wa 54, Athiu yasimbuwe na David Majak Chan maze afasha mu gitego cyo kunganya igitego 1kuri 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A-League news: Melbourne Victory striker Kenny Athiu makes surprise international debut for South Sudan in World Cup qualifier {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-au/news/victory-striker-athiu-makes-surprise-international-debut-in/1jc1gtsmhw8fu1qvldgxp6vy2r}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://dailyfootballshow.com/australian-links-aplenty-as-south-sudan-open-2022-world-cup-qualifying-campaign/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906012932/https://dailyfootballshow.com/australian-links-aplenty-as-south-sudan-open-2022-world-cup-qualifying-campaign/ |archive-date=6 September 2019 |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=News - A Leagues &#124; KEEPUP |url=https://www.a-league.com.au/news/history-awaits-uncapped-athiu-gets-south-sudan-call |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2019-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908225435/https://www.a-league.com.au/news/history-awaits-uncapped-athiu-gets-south-sudan-call |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Liberia win on opening day of African World Cup qualifiers |url=https://au.eurosport.com/football/liberia-win-on-opening-day-of-african-world-cup-qualifiers_sto7443466/story.shtml |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906002919/https://au.eurosport.com/football/liberia-win-on-opening-day-of-african-world-cup-qualifiers_sto7443466/story.shtml |archive-date=6 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Athiu yavukiye muri Sudani ariko asigara hamwe n'umuryango we nk'impunzi mu ntambara ya kabiri y'abanyagihugu ya Sudani, abanza kujya muri [[Kenya]] (afite imyaka ine) hanyuma avukira muri Ositaraliya (ufite imyaka cumi n'umwe). Yabanje gutura muri Keysborough, mbere yo kwimukira muri Noble Park hanyuma Narre Warren . Athiu afite barumuna barindwi, kandi ni inshuti nziza hamwe nuwahoze ari mugenzi we Thomas Deng, imiryango yabo yombi yamenyanye kuva bakiri bato. == Imibare yumwuga == {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:100%; text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |ikipe ! rowspan="2" | Igihe ! colspan="3" | Urutonde ! colspan="2" | Igikombe [A] ! colspan="2" | Umugabane [B] ! colspan="2" | Ibindi [C] ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo |- ! Icyiciro ! Porogaramu ! Ibitego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego |- | rowspan="4" valign="middle" | Intsinzi ya Melbourne | 2017–18 | Y-Ligue | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 |- | 2017–18 | rowspan="3" valign="middle" | A-Ligue | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 4 |- | 2018–19 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 0 |- | 2019–20 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | igiteranyo ! 31 ! 1 ! 3 ! 2 ! 11 ! 1 ! 4 ! 0 ! 51 ! 4 |} === Akajambo k'epfo === == Icyubahiro == === ikipe === == Reba == {{Reflist}} jhhbr5lurakfu5a1oaubn2m5250tlen 0 15486 149411 144060 2026-11-07T21:21:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | zoom = 5 | ikarita = Africa | ikarita_label = Tanganyika | ikarita_caption = Aho Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika giherereye muri Afurika }} '''Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika''' ni kimwe mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari]] bya [[Afurika]]. Ni cyo kiyaga kirekire kuruta ibindi by'amazi meza ku isi. Ni icya kabiri ku isi mu bunini bw'amazi no mu bujyakuzimu, nyuma y'Ikiyaga cya Bayikali muri Siberiya. Ikiyaga gisangiwe n'ibihugu bine: [[Tanzaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Uburundi]] na [[Zambiya]]. Amazi yacyo ajya mu mugezi wa Kongo, hanyuma akagera mu Nyanja ya Atalantika. == Imiterere == [[File:View of Kagongo Ward.jpg|thumb|left|Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika i Kagongo, mu Karere ka Kigoma, muri Tanzaniya]] Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika ni icya kabiri ku isi mu bunini bw'amazi. Ni icya kabiri kandi mu bujyakuzimu. Ikiyaga cya Bayikali ni cyo cyonyine kiruta Tanganyika muri ibyo byombi.<ref name="zambiatour">{{Cite web |title=Lake Tanganyika |url=http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika |access-date=2008-03-14 |publisher=www.zambiatourism.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis, R. |date=16 May 2010 |title=Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika |url=https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika |access-date=25 March 2017 |publisher=Brown University}}</ref> Ni cyo kiyaga kirekire kuruta ibindi by'amazi meza ku isi.<ref name="zambiatour" /> Mu buso, ni icya gatandatu ku isi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's largest lakes {{!}} Description, Area, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ikiyaga gisangiwe n'ibihugu bine. Tanzaniya ifite 46 % by'ikiyaga. Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ifite 40 %. Uburundi na Zambiya bifite igice gisigaye. Amazi asohoka mu kiyaga anyura mu mugezi wa Lukuga. Ajya mu mugezi wa Kongo, hanyuma akagera mu Nyanja ya Atalantika.<ref name="ilec">{{cite web |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 |title=LAKE TANGANYIKA |work=World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation |access-date=January 12, 2025 }}</ref> == Izina == Henry Morton Stanley yageze ku kiyaga mu 1876, i Ujiji. Yahasanze izina "Tanganika". Yasanze kandi andi mazina y'ikiyaga mu moko atandukanye, nka Kimana, Yemba na Msaga. == Imigezi == [[File:Clear lake Kagongo Ward.jpg|thumb|left|Amazi meza y'Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika i Kagongo, muri Tanzaniya]] [[Umugezi wa Rusizi]] ni wo mugezi munini winjira mu kiyaga. Wavutse hashize imyaka igera ku 10 000. Uzana amazi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] mu majyaruguru y'Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book |title=Natural Wonders of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/readersdigestnat00sche |publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-89577-087-5 |editor-last=Scheffel |editor-first=Richard L. |location=US |pages=[https://archive.org/details/readersdigestnat00sche/page/366 366]–67 |editor-last2=Wernet |editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Umugezi wa Malagarasi ni umugezi wa kabiri munini wa Tanzaniya. Winjira mu kiyaga ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Malagarasi irusha ikiyaga ubukuru. Mbere y'uko ikiyaga kibaho, birashoboka ko Malagarasi yageraga mu mugezi wa Lualaba, umugezi mukuru wa Kongo.<ref name="Kullander2011">{{cite journal |last1=Kullander |first1=S.O. |first2=T.R. |last2=Roberts |year=2011 |title=Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River |journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=355–76}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ibiyaga Bigari]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Lake Tanganyika|Amafoto y'Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Ibiyaga bya Tanzaniya|state=collapsed}} {{Palette Ibiyaga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|state=collapsed}} {{Palette Ibiyaga by'Uburundi|state=collapsed}} {{Palette Ibiyaga bya Zambiya|state=collapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburundi]] nezates0ou6aiocvuyp6s6fjv1anwav 0 15514 149364 148316 2026-11-07T21:03:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Congo_Map_by_Stanley.jpg|thumb|350x350px| Inzira ishushanywa n'umurongo wirabura ukomeye.]] '''Umugezi wa Kasai''' ni uruzi ruri i bumoso rw'u mugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Congo|Congo]], ruherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Uruzi rutangirira muri [[Angola]] rwa gati rugatemba rugana iburasirazuba kugeza rugeze ku mupaka uhuza Angola na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], aho ruhindukira rugana mu majyaruguru rukaba umupaka kugeza rwinjiye muri DRC. Kuva Iwebo, hagati y’amasangano n’umugezi wa Luluwa n’umugezi wa Sankuru, uruzi rwa Kasayi ruhindukirira mu burengerazuba. Igice cyo hepfo cyu ruzi ruva mu masangano n’umugezi wa Fimi, kizwi ku izina rya '''Kwa''', mbere yuko ryinjira muri Kongo ahitwa Kwamouthu mu majyaruguru ya [[Kinshasa]]. Ikibaya cya Kasayi kigizwe ahanini n’amashyamba y’imvura y’uburinganire, atanga ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi mu karere kazwiho ubutaka butarumbuka, bwu mucanga. Nu mugezi wu mugezi wa congo kandi diyama iraboneka. Hafi ya 60 ku ijana ya diyama mu Bubiligi iva mu ruzi rwa Kasayi. == Ubushakashatsi == [[Dosiye:Sunset Kalonda - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] Henry Morton Stanley yageze mu masangano ku ya 9 Werurwe 1877, yita uruzi Nkutu, "uruzi rukomeye kandi rwimbitse", ariko amenya ko rukomoka kuri Kwango ya dawide. <ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. </ref>  == Inzuzi == Imigezi minini ya Kasai hejuru yimbere iva muri congo: * Fimi (Fimi- Lukenie uburebure bwa 1100 km, ubunini bwibase 132 000 km <sup>2</sup>, bivuze gusohora buri mwaka ~ 2000 m <sup>3</sup> / s) * [[Umugezi wa Kwilu|Kwilu]] / [[Umugezi wa Kwango|Kwango]] (1800 km, 263 500 km <sup>2</sup>, 3299 m <sup>3</sup> / s) * [[Umugezi wa Loange|Ingano]] * Sankuru (1200 km, 156 000 km <sup>2</sup>, 2500 m <sup>3</sup> / s) * Lulua == Akamaro k'ubukungu == [[Dosiye:Sunset view from Kalonda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:VingtAnnees 254.jpg|thumb]] Inzuzi z'umugezi wa Kasai zikuraho inzitizi nka cataracte n'ibyatsi byo mu ruzi, bigatuma bigenda cyane. Borohereza urwego rwo gutwara abantu no gukora imiyoboro ikomeye yubucuruzi. Uruhare rw'umugezi mu gutwara no mu bucuruzi rwagaragaye cyane mu gihe cyabanjirije ubukoloni igihe ubucuruzi bw'abacakara bwari bwemewe. Abacuruzi b'abacakara bakoresheje imwe mu masoko akomeye, Umugezi wa Kwango, kugira ngo bayobore ishyamba ry’imvura ry’uburinganire, bafata imbata maze basubira mu nyanja ya Atalantika aho bari bafungiye amato yabo. Ntabwo bivuguruzanya cyane ko ubwami bwaho bwari hafi yuruzi rwa Kasai bwashyigikiraga ubucuruzi bwabacakara. Urugero, ubwami bwa Rund, bwatanze byoroshye imbata kubacuruzi bazwi cyane nka John Matthews, [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] uzwi cyane w’abacuruzi b’abongereza. Ibi bikorwa, nubwo byabaye hagati yikinyejana cya 18 na 19, byasize ingaruka zirambye mu turere bagaragaye cyane, nko hagati ya Kwango ninzuzi za Kwilu. Abaturage ntibigeze bakira neza, kubera ko ubucucike bw’abaturage buri munsi y’uturere tutarimo ubucuruzi bw’abacakara. Ikintu cyashobokaga cyane inyungu z’Abongereza n’Abanyaportigale mu ruzi rwa Kasai ni ukubera diyama ya alluvial iryamye mu buriri bukungahaye cyane cyane ku nkombe y’umugezi. Ibigega byinshi biri ku buriri bw’umugezi munini, uruzi rwa Kwango. Mubyukuri, birasanzwe kumva imvugo "umutima wa diyama wo mu burasirazuba bwa Angola y'Amajyaruguru" yakoreshejwe yerekeza ku kibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Kwango. Ni ukubera ko ibitanda bya diyama alluvial biboneka muri kano karere aribyo bikize cyane muri Angola. == Reba kandi == == Reba == {{Reflist|2|refs=<ref name="h">{{cite book | last = Broadhead | first = Susan | title = Historical dictionary of Angola | url = https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000broa_d1g6 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Metuchen, N.J | year = 1992 | isbn = 0585070091 | page = [https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000broa_d1g6/page/99 99]}}</ref>}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo]] kxwzscryqq55979brrf62fh523iutu4 0 15698 149345 145198 2026-11-07T20:50:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149345 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa''' akunze kwitwa '''Roilya Ranaivosoa''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Ugushyingo 1990) ni umunyamoritaniya uterura ibiremereye muri Morise ukomoka muri Malagasi, uhatanira mubafite ibiro 48, yahatanye mu cyiciro anahagararira Morise mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga. Yitabiriye amarushanwa menshi ya Shampiyona y'isi yo guterura ibiremereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Weightlifting World Championships - Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=341 |access-date=23 June 2016 |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Yitabiriye imikino ya bavuga icyongereza muri 2014 mu birori bya bapima ibiro 58 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games - Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=291 |access-date=23 June 2016 |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Yahagarariye Morise mu mikino y'olempike ya 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu Buyapani. Yarangije ku mwanya wa 11 mu bagore mu bapima ibiro 49 . <ref name="women_49_kg_results_weightlifting_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Women's 49 kg Results |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW49KG--------------FNL---------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726145828/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW49KG--------------FNL---------.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu bagore bapima ibiro 49 mu mikino ya bavuga icyongereza yabereye i Birmingham mu Bwongereza. Mu kuboza 2022, yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize komisiyo y'abakinnyi ba IWF . == Ibisubizo by'ingenzi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" width="250" |Ahantu ! rowspan="2" width="60" |Ibiro ! colspan="4" |Ibiro ! colspan="4" |Ibiro ! rowspan="2" width="40" |igiteranyo ! rowspan="2" width="40" |urutonde |- ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Umwanya ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Umwanya |- ! colspan="13" |Yahagarariye morise |- ! colspan="13" |Olempike |- |2021 | align="left" |[[Tokyo]], [[Ubuyapani|Japan]] |49 kg |'''73''' |<s>76</s> |<s>76</s> |12 |'''91''' |<s>95</s> |<s>96</s> |11 |'''164''' |'''11''' |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Burezile|Brazil]] |48 kg |73 |<s>78</s> |'''80''' |10 |'''93''' |<s>98</s> |<s>100</s> |10 |'''173''' |'''9''' |- ! colspan="13" |Champiyona yisi |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Pattaya]], [[Tayilande|Thailand]] |49 kg |'''73''' |<s>76</s> |<s>77</s> |'''26''' |92 |95 |'''98''' |'''14''' |'''171''' |'''20''' |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Ashgabat]], [[Turukimenisitani|Turkmenistan]] |49 kg |<s>73</s> |73 |'''76''' |'''19''' |94 |'''97''' |<s>101</s> |'''15''' |'''173''' |'''15''' |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|United States]] |53 kg |75 |'''78''' |<s>80</s> |'''13''' |95 |<s>100</s> |'''100''' |'''17''' |'''178''' |'''12''' |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Houston]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|United States]] |48 kg |'''80''' |<s>82</s> |<s>82</s> |'''14''' |<s>100</s> |'''100''' |<s>104</s> |'''14''' |'''180''' |'''13''' |- |2014 | align="left" |[[Almaty]], [[Kazakisitani|Kazakhstan]] |58 kg |76 |'''79''' |<s> 83</s> |'''28''' |96 |'''101''' |<s>105</s> |'''23''' |'''180''' |'''25''' |- ! colspan="13" |Imikino y'abavuga icyongereza |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], [[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |48 kg |73 |'''76''' |<s>78</s> |2 |90 |<s>94</s> |'''94''' |2 |'''170''' |zahabu |- |2014 | align="left" |[[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] |58 kg |<s>82</s> |'''82''' |<s>85</s> |9 |<s>100</s> |<s>100</s> |<s>100</s> | - | - | - |- ! colspan="13" |Imikino ya furika |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Rabat]], [[Maroke|Morocco]] |49 kg |'''75''' |<s>80</s> |<s>80</s> |zahabu |92 |'''94''' |<s>95</s> |zahabu 1 |'''169''' |zahabu |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Brazzaville]], [[Kongo|Republic of the Congo]] '''*''' |53 kg |'''80''' |<s>85</s> |<s>85</s> |zahabu |'''103''' |<s>108</s> |<s>108</s> |feza |'''183''' |zahabu |- ! colspan="13" |Champiyona yabavuga icyongereza |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Penang]], [[Malesiya|Malaysia]] |53 kg |73 |76 |'''78''' |1 |92 |<s>95</s> |'''96''' |2 |'''174''' |feza |- ! colspan="13" | shampiyona y'afurika |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] |49 kg |'''71''' |<s>74</s> |<s>74</s> | |'''93''' |<s>96</s> |<s>98</s> |feza |'''164''' |feza |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Mahébourg]], [[Morise|Mauritius]] |53 kg |70 |'''80''' |<s>83</s> |zahabu |90 |'''100''' |<s>103</s> |zahabu 1 |'''180''' |zahabu |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Vacoas-Phoenix|Vacoas]], [[Morise|Mauritius]] |48 kg |70 |'''76''' |<s>81</s> |zahabu |90 |'''95''' |<s>100</s> |zahabu 1 |'''171''' |zahabu |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Yaoundé]], [[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |48 kg |73 |'''78''' |<s>81</s> |zahabu |95 |<s>102</s> |'''102''' |zahabu 1 |'''180''' |zahabu |- |2013 | align="left" |[[Casablanca]], [[Maroke|Morocco]] |69 kg |<s>71</s> |'''71''' |<s>75</s> |'''4''' |87 |92 |'''95''' |zahabu 1 |'''166''' |'''feza''' |} '''*''' Ubusanzwe yari umwanya wa kabiri mu kunyaga no muri rusange, ariko nyuma uwambere watsindiye umudari wa zahabu Umunyanigeria Elizabeth Onuah ntiyemerwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2016 |title=Doping ban shock for Nigeria |url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/athletics/doping-ban-shock-for-nigeria-1975054 |access-date=22 September 2019 |publisher=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == {{s-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Kate Foo Kune]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Mauritius at the Olympics|Flag bearer]] for {{MRI}}|years=[[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020]]<br />with <br />[[Richarno Colin]]|after='''Incumbent'''}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Morise]] 79zmrqzj46v5yjiabr14bos19sjqsw7 0 15705 149484 148178 2026-11-08T01:42:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatou Dieng''' ashobora gushakirwa muri aba bakurikira uko ari babili: * Fatou Dieng ni umukinnyi uzwi ariko wavutse 1983, akaba umukinnyi wa siporo ukomoka muri Moritaniya * Fatou Dieng nawe ni umukinnyi uzwi muri basketball yavutse 1983, akaba umukinnyi wa basketball wa Senegal. <ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/mauritania/fatou-dieng-14291402</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasketwomen/2015/player/Fatou-Dieng</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/en/player/138120/Fatou-Dieng</ref><ref>https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Fatou-Dieng/79487?Women=1</ref><ref>https://www.dogfinance.com/fr/p/fatou-dieng89132</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/fatou-mbacke-dieng |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324133648/https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/fatou-mbacke-dieng |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://olympics.com/en/athletes/fatou-dieng</ref><ref>https://www.ijf.org/judoka/15720/results?results_rank_group=all</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.doctolib.fr/medecin-generaliste/le-havre/fatou-dieng |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324133653/https://www.doctolib.fr/medecin-generaliste/le-havre/fatou-dieng |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ijf.org/judoka/15720/results?results_rank_group=all</ref><ref>https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/59540/fatou-dieng</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vazy.app/author/fatou/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324133650/https://www.vazy.app/author/fatou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://forvo.com/word/fatou_dieng/</ref><ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/131654</ref><ref>https://soundcloud.com/mikado-fm/autoportrait-fatou-dieng-thiam-chef-de-bureau-minusma-de-mopti/albums</ref><ref>https://biography.omicsonline.org/senegal/university-cheikh-anta-diop-of-dakar/faye-fatou-dieng-696801</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Athletisme/AthletismeFicheAthlete10089.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324133651/https://www.lequipe.fr/Athletisme/AthletismeFicheAthlete10089.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.pagesjaunes.fr/pagesblanches/r/fatou.dieng</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://popups.uliege.be/0037-9565/index.php?id=3935 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324133656/https://popups.uliege.be/0037-9565/index.php?id=3935 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.rekrute.com/fatou-dieng-202002201719225e4e1b18a6460d209058.html</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Moritaniya]] pl891k5sob3ofrecp2pan39zwn2gdfy 0 15736 149478 127882 2026-11-07T22:17:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149478 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081243/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-utumatwishima-yagizwe-minisitiri-w-urubyiruko-menya-abandi-bahawe-inshingano]Dr. Utumatwishima Jean Nepo ABDALLAH Minisitiri w'Urubyiruko n'Ubuhanzi, [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] Dr. Utumatwishima Abdallah ni Minisitiri w'Urubyiruko n'Ubuhanzi mu Rwanda. Yahoze akora nk'umushakashatsi mu by'indwara z'ibyorezo mu Kigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuzima cya Amerika, aho yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku bintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi ku bimukira b'Abanyafurika mu gace ka Washington D.C.. Kuva akigera mu cyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza, Utumatwishima yagize uruhare runini muri gahunda zo guteza imbere urubyiruko mu Nama y'Igihugu y'Urubyiruko mu Rwanda kandi aracyabikora kugeza ubu. == Reba. == 1.https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/forum-2024/en/intervenant/dr-utumatwishima-jean-nepo-abdallah/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081238/https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/dr-utumatwishima-yagizwe-minisitiri-wurubyiruko/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081243/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-utumatwishima-yagizwe-minisitiri-w-urubyiruko-menya-abandi-bahawe-inshingano [[Ikiciro:Leadership]] 8zx7djzqmx7kq25s1ugghsfsk87b156 0 15783 149449 115531 2026-11-07T21:38:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 149449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dans le Parc national de la Rusizi il y'a des Hippopotames.jpg|thumb|Pariki ya Rusizi|289x289px]]   '''Pariki y'igihugu Ya Rusizi''' ni pariki y'igihugu cyu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], iruhande rw'umugezi wa [[Uruzi rwa Ruzizi|Rusizi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=World Database of Protected Areas |date=2021 |title=Réserve naturelle du Rusizi |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/9162 |website=Protected Planet}}</ref> Ni 15&nbsp;km mu majyaruguru yu mujyi wa [[Bujumbura]] Umugezi ubamo Invubu na [[Inzobe|sitatungas]] . <ref>{{Cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/africaafri00pitc/page/616 616]}}</ref> Gustave, ingona ya Nili, bivugwa ko yahitanye abantu 300. == Reba == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi}} p7okuv92ne5n7u6phx0a7n756iuyhym 0 15823 149316 140075 2026-11-07T20:18:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khalid Aucho''' (wavutse 8 Kanama 1993) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri Uganda ukinira ikipe ya Young Africans yo muri [[Tanzaniya]] ndetse [[Imisambi ya Uganda|n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda]] nku mukinnyi ukina hagati mu kibuga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Churchill Bros back in I-League |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Churchill-Bros-back-in-ILeague-/136346.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915031855/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Churchill-Bros-back-in-ILeague-/136346.html |archive-date=15 September 2022 |access-date=19 September 2018 |website=heraldgoa.com}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Khalid_aucho_Tz.jpg|thumb|right|Khalid Aucho umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru.]] Aucho yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mu makipe atandukanye, nka Jinja Municipal Council FC kuva 2009 kugeza 2010, Water FC yo muri Uganda kuva 2010 kugeza 2012, Simba FC yo muri Uganda, Tusker ikomoka muri [[Kenya]], Gor Mahia ikomoka muri Kenya, na Baroka ikomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yari mu ikipe ya Uganda yujuje ibisabwa mu gikombe cya Afurika ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka 38. [[Dosiye:Khalid_Aucho.jpg|thumb|right|Khalid Aucho ari mu kibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru.]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Aucho yavukiye i Jinja, muri Uganda. Yize amashuri abanza ya Namagabimuri Kayunga, St Thudus mu cyiciro rusange, akomereza mu Ishuri rivanze rya Iganga mu mashuri yisumbuye. == Umwuga wa ikipe == === Gor Mahia FC === Muri Nyakanga 2016, Aucho yagiye mu igeragezwa mu ikipe ya Aberdeen yo muri Skotishi mu cyiciro cya mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oguda |first=Zachary |title=All set for Aucho as he heads to Scotland |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/all-set-for-aucho-as-he-heads-to-scotland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004061740/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/all-set-for-aucho-as-he-heads-to-scotland |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opiyo |first=Vincent |title=Khalid Aucho impresses as Aberdeen thump Arbroath in friendly |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/khalid-aucho-impresses-as-aberdeen-thump-arbroath-in-friendly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004062642/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/khalid-aucho-impresses-as-aberdeen-thump-arbroath-in-friendly |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> Kwimukira muri Aberdeen byaragiye, ariko, nyuma yo kwishyura amafaranga yo kwimura amakipe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultimate Sports {{!}} Khalid Aucho Aberdeen deal flops |url=http://www.ultimatesports.co/2016/08/04/khalid-aucho-aberdeen-deal-flops/#sthash.X7figOFX.dpuf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222152705/http://www.ultimatesports.co/2016/08/04/khalid-aucho-aberdeen-deal-flops/ |archive-date=2016-12-22 |website=www.ultimatesports.co}} </ref> Nyuma y’igeragezwa ritangenze neza muri otcosse, Aucho yasinye muri Baroka FC ikomoka [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] ku giciro cyavuzwe ko ari Rande 200.000. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wandera |first=Gilbert |title=Gor Mahia cash in on Aucho's transfer |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/m/article/2000215862/gor-mahia-cash-in-on-aucho-s-transfer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331003624/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/m/article/2000215862/gor-mahia-cash-in-on-aucho-s-transfer |archive-date=31 March 2017 |access-date=17 May 2018 |website=Standard Digital News |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:0K8A3827_(53341132092).jpg|thumb|right|Khalid Aucho arimo gukina umupira w'amaguru.]] === Baroka FC === Ku ya 24 Kanama 2016, Aucho yasinyiye ikipe ya Baroka FC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opiyo |first=Vincent |title=BREAKING: Khalid Aucho completes Baroka FC switch |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/breaking-khalid-aucho-completes-baroka-fc-switch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004061610/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/breaking-khalid-aucho-completes-baroka-fc-switch |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> Yatangiye umukino we wa mbere ku ya 15 Ukwakira 2016 mu mukino w’umupira w'amaguru wa shampiyona wabereye kuri Stade ya Cape Town ku munota wa 50 asimbuye Chauke Mfundhisii. === Urubyiruko rwo muri Afurika SC === Aucho yimukiye muri ikipe yo muri Tanzaniya ya Young Africans SC muri Kanama 2021. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] gudbhmq14e6marttkv0jbn3asjnqt4x 0 15895 149261 94015 2026-11-07T19:44:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry Kisekka''' (wavutse 31 Kanama 1989) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri Uganda ukina nk'umukinnyi wo k'uruhande w'ikipe ya Aizawl muri shampiyona ya I . == Umwuga wa ikipe == Afatwa nk'umukinnyi w'ingenzi mu bashaka ibitero muri Dong Nai muri 2012, <ref name="dnrtv.org.vn" /> yatsinze ibitego 11, afasha ikipe ye kugera ku ntera. <ref name="dnrtv.org.vn" /> Ntibyatinze, yakiriye guhamagarwa mu ikipe y'igihugu [[Imisambi ya Uganda|ya Uganda]] mbere y’amajonjora yo gushaka itike yo kuzakina igikombe cyisi cyo muri 2014 . <ref name="dnrtv.org.vn">{{Cite web |title=Lần đầu tiên Đồng Nai lo "virus FIFA" |url=http://www.dnrtv.org.vn/news/the-thao/trong-nuoc/19713/lan-dau-tien-dong-nai-lo-virus-fifa |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=dnrtv.org.vn}}</ref> <ref name="nld">{{Cite web |date=24 May 2013 |title=Lên tuyển Uganda nhờ đá hay ở V-League |url=http://nld.com.vn/the-thao/len-tuyen-uganda-nho-da-hay-o-v-league-20130524104947914.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021738/https://nld.com.vn/the-thao/len-tuyen-uganda-nho-da-hay-o-v-league-20130524104947914.htm |archive-date=13 February 2018 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=nld.com.vn}}</ref> Binh Duong FC yahagaritse amasezerano ya Henry Kisekka muri 2016. <ref name="motthegioi">{{Cite web |title=B.Bình Dương thanh lý hợp đồng với Henry Kisekka và Han Seung Yeop - Một Thế Giới |url=http://motthegioi.vn/the-thao-c-71/bong-da-c-116/bbinh-duong-thanh-ly-hop-dong-voi-henry-kisekka-va-han-seung-yeop-31262.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317165341/http://motthegioi.vn/the-thao-c-71/bong-da-c-116/bbinh-duong-thanh-ly-hop-dong-voi-henry-kisekka-va-han-seung-yeop-31262.html |archive-date=17 March 2018 |access-date=2017-07-25 |publisher=motthegioi.vn}}</ref> === Quang Nam === === Mohammedan === Ku ya 6 Mata 2022, hatangajwe ko ikipe ya shampiyona ya I mu ikipe ya Mohammedan yarangije gusinyisha Kisekka mu ikipe ya Bhawanipore ikorera mu mujyi wa Kolkata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=The green-maroon trembling striker is now in Mohammedan! |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/mohammedan-sc-roped-in-former-mohun-bagan-star-henry-kisekka-for-the-upcoming-season-428886/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406135711/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/mohammedan-sc-roped-in-former-mohun-bagan-star-henry-kisekka-for-the-upcoming-season-428886/ |archive-date=6 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=bengali.indianexpress.com}}</ref> <ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Mohammedan SC have roped in forward Henry Kisekka for the remainder of the season |url=https://twitter.com/MohammedanSC/status/1511649155365498880 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407025440/https://twitter.com/mohammedansc/status/1511649155365498880 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Ku ya 30 Mata, yatsinze igitego cya mbere kuri ''Black Panthers'' na NEROCA . Ku butegetsi bwa Nikola Stojanović, ikipe ye ku nshuro ya mbere, yegukanye igikombe cya shampiyona y’igihugu cya mbere muri shampiyona ya 2021-22, ariko yarangije ari igisonga nyuma yo gutsindwa na Gokulam Kerala ibitego 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=TEAM SPORTSTAR |first=21:22 IST |date=14 May 2022 |title=Gokulam Kerala 2-1 Mohammedan SC Highlights: GKFC becomes 1st club in 15 years to defend the I-League |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514160659/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/gokulam-kerala-vs-mohammedan-sc-i-league-final-live-gkfc-vs-mdsc-live-score-indian-football/article38490975.ece |archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |publisher=[[Sportstar]] |location=[[Kolkata]], West Bengal}}</ref> === Aizawl === Ku ya 21 Nzeri, mbere yuko shampiyona yo muri 2022-23 shampiyona itangira, Aizawl yatangaje ko yasinyishije Kisekka. Yatangiye gukinira iyi kipe ku ya 15 Ugushyingo na TRAU banganyije 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Media Team |first=AIFF |date=15 November 2022 |title=Aizawl, TRAU share spoils |url=https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115162525/https://i-league.org/aizawl-trau-share-spoils/ |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=i-league.org |publisher=Hero [[I-League]] |location=Aizawl, Mizoram}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=Aizawl TRAU share spoils 10-man Rajasthan prevail over Churchill Brothers |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2022/11/15/spd20-spo-foot-ld-ileague.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119074346/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/sports/2022/11/15/spd20-spo-foot-ld-ileague.html |archive-date=19 November 2022 |access-date=19 November 2022 |website=theweek.in |publisher=The Week}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |ikipe ! rowspan="2" |igihe ! colspan="3" |shampiyona ! colspan="2" |igikombe ! colspan="2" |umugabane ! colspan="2" |igiteranyo |- !icyiciro !garame !ibitego !garame !ibitego !garame !ibitego !garame !ibitego |- | rowspan="1" |Hòa Phát Hà Nội |2011 | rowspan="1" |shampiyona V.1 |25 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |25 |8 |- | rowspan="3" |Dong Nai |2012 | rowspan="1" |shampiyona V.12 |? |11 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |? |11 |- |2013 | rowspan="1" |shampiyona V.1 |20 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Muri Dong Nai !? !18 !0 !0 !0 !0 !? !18 |- | rowspan="3" |Quang Nam |2014 | rowspan="2" |shampiyona V.1 |19 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |9 |- |2015 |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Muri Quang Nam !30 !10 !0 !0 !0 !0 !30 !10 |- | rowspan="1" |Dong Nai |2015 | rowspan="4" |shampiyona ya V.1 |14 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |6 |- | rowspan="1" |Binh Duong |2016 |1 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |7 |0 |- | rowspan="1" |Long An |2016 |9 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |5 |- | rowspan="1" |Can Tho |2017 |15 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |15 |3 |- | rowspan="1" |Gokulam Kerala |2017–18 | rowspan="5" |shampiyona I |7 |4 |2 |3 | colspan="2" |— |9 |7 |- | rowspan="1" |Mohun Bagan |2018–19 |19 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |5 |- | rowspan="1" |Gokulam Kerala |2019–20 |15 |5 |7 |5 | colspan="2" |— |22 |10 |- | rowspan="1" |Mohammedan |2021–22 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- | rowspan="1" |Aizawl |2022–23 |20 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |6 |- ! colspan="3" |igiteranyo !176 !71 !9 !8 !6 !0 !191 !79 |} === Mpuzamahanga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Ikipe y'igihugu ! Umwaka ! Porogaramu ! Intego |- | rowspan="1" | [[Imisambi ya Uganda|Uganda]] | 2010 | 3 | 2 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo ! 3 ! 2 |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:" !no. ! Itariki ! Ikibanza ! kombe ! Murwanya ! Amanota ! Igisubizo ! Irushanwa ! f. |- | 1. | 29 Ugushyingo 2010 | Sitade ya Benjamin Mkapa, Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzaniya]] | align="center" | 1 | Etiyopiya | align="center" | '''2''' –1 | align="center" | 2–1 | Igikombe cya CECAFA 2010 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2010 |title=Ethiopia 1–2 Uganda |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10958/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119001909/https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/10958/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |- | 2. | 12 Ukuboza 2010 | Sitade ya Benjamin Mkapa, Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzaniya]] | align="center" | 3 | Etiyopiya | align="center" | '''1–1''' | align="center" | 4–3 | Igikombe cya CECAFA 2010 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2010 |title=Ethiopia 3–4 Uganda |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/7313/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831131059/https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/7313/Ethiopia_Uganda.html |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] e26tsy5fxh4f740v4453adep0gtcgnh 0 16042 149439 144087 2026-11-07T21:29:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | zoom = 9 | ikarita = Africa | ikarita_label = Manzala | ikarita_caption = Aho Ikiyaga cya Manzala giherereye muri Afurika }} '''Ikiyaga cya Manzala''' ni ikiyaga cy'amazi y'umunyu cyo mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa [[Misiri]]. Kiri ku nkombe y'Inyanja ya Mediterane, mu Delta ya [[Nili]], hafi ya Port Said. Ni cyo kiyaga kinini mu biyaga byo mu majyaruguru ya Delta ya Nili. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, ubuso bwacyo bwaragabanutse cyane. == Imiterere == [[File:Fishermen in Egypt.jpg|thumb|left|Abarobyi ku Kiyaga cya Manzala]] Ikiyaga cya Manzala kiri mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bwa Misiri, hafi ya Port Said. Kiri ku birometero bike uvuye ku matongo ya kera ya Tanis.<ref name="dinar">{{Cite book |last=Dinar |first=Ariel |title=Restoring and protecting the world's lakes and reservoirs |url=https://archive.org/details/restoringprotect0000vari_t0w0 |publisher=World Bank Publications |year=1995 |isbn=0-8213-3321-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/restoringprotect0000vari_t0w0/page/51 51]}}</ref><ref name="drower">{{cite book |access-date=2009-04-10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TCLb4DJRLwC&dq=Lake+Manzala+Suez+Canal&pg=PA72|author= Margaret S. Drower|title= Flinders Petrie: a life in archaeology|publisher=ASCE Publications|year=1995|page=72 |isbn=978-0-299-14624-5| edition=Second }}</ref> Ni cyo kiyaga kinini mu biyaga byo mu majyaruguru ya Delta. Mu 2008, cyari gifite uburebure bwa km 47 n'ubugari bwa km 30.<ref name="zahran">{{Cite book |last=Zahran |first=M.A. |title=The Vegetation of Egypt |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4020-8755-4 |page=283}}</ref> Ikiyaga ntikigira ubujyakuzimu bunini. Ubujyakuzimu bwacyo buri hagati ya m 4 na m 5. Hasi y'ikiyaga hari ibumba ryoroshye.<ref name="rogers">{{cite book |access-date=2009-04-10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFGHnqSKENIC&dq=Lake+Timsah&pg=PA124|author=Rogers, J. R. and G. Owen |title=Water Resources and Environmental History |publisher=ASCE Publications |year=2004|page=124 |isbn=978-0-7844-0738-7}}</ref> == Umuyoboro wa Suez == Port Said yashinzwe hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Manzala mu kinyejana cya 19, igihe hubakwaga Umuyoboro wa Suez. Ikiyaga kiri mu majyepfo y'ikibuga cy'indege cya Port Said. Kibuza umujyi kwaguka.<ref name="melady">{{cite book |access-date=2009-04-10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwSR4FsUOdMC&dq=Lake+Manzala+Suez+Canal&pg=PA116 |author= Melady, J. |title=Pearson's prize: Canada and the Suez Crisis |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |year=2006|location=Toronto, Lancaster, New York |page=207 |isbn=978-1-55002-611-5}}</ref> == Uburobyi == Ikiyaga cya Manzala cyahoze ari isoko y'amafi ahendutse muri Misiri. Ariko umwanda mu mazi wagabanyije umusaruro. Mu 1985, uburobyi bwakorerwaga ku buso bwa hegitari 89 000. Bwakoreshaga abantu bagera ku 17 000.<ref name="dinar" /> Leta ya Misiri yumukije igice kinini cy'ikiyaga kugira ngo gihingwe. Ariko ibihingwa ntibyakuze neza mu butaka bw'umunyu. Kugeza mu 2001, ikiyaga cyari cyatakaje hafi 80 % by'ubuso bwacyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibrahim |first=Barbara |title=Egypt: an economic geography |url=https://archive.org/details/egypteconomicgeo0000ibra |publisher=I.B.Tauris |year=2003 |isbn=1-86064-548-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/egypteconomicgeo0000ibra/page/145 145]}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Ikiyaga Nasser]] * [[Nili]] * [[commons:Category:Lake Manzala|Amafoto y'Ikiyaga cya Manzala]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Palette Ibiyaga bya Misiri}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga]] 9fgksowqpkyy7onlb78eiv2ejrt81zo 0 16295 149460 94734 2026-11-07T21:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yihunlish Delelecha''' (uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''''Yihunelish Bekele Deleleneh''''', yavutse ku ya 22 Ukwakira 1981) ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]] n' [[Amerika|Umunyamerika]] wiruka mu ntera ndende ndese yari nu munyamuryango w’ikipe ya Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri muri 1998 yatsinze umudari wa feza muri [[Etiyopiya]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Yihunlish Delelecha Bekele |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/yihunlish-bekele-14334402 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=www.worldathletics.org |publisher=World Athletics |location=Monaco |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="arrs">{{Cite web |date=2022 |editor2-last=Andy Milroy |title=Yihunlish Bekele Deleleneh |url=https://more.arrs.run/runner/11065 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225000037/https://more.arrs.run/runner/11065 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=20 October 2022 |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location=Mattole Valley, California |language=en}}</ref> == Umwuga wabigize umwuga == Delelecha yitabiriye amasiganwa mu cyakabiri cya marato muri [[Etiyopiya]].<ref name="houston">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2012 Chevron Houston Marathon Media Guide |url=http://www.chevronhoustonmarathon.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CHM-Media-Guide-2012_Web1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=chevronhoustonmarathon.com |publisher=Chevron Houston Marathon |location=Houston, Texas |page=23 |language=en |format=PDF}}</ref> no muri , [[Maroke|Moroke]], akurayo umudari wa feza. nyuma yaje kujya muri america. Muri Kamena 2011, iminsi 38 nyuma yo gutsinda i Pittsburgh, Delelecha yegukanye umwanya wa mbere muri Marato ya nyirakuru aba 35 hamwe na 02:30:39. Umugore m'ugenzi we wo mu gihugu, Buzunesh Deba yari yamumenyesheje iryo siganwa kandi amutera inkunga yo kugerageza. Umunsi wa 2011 watangijwe n'imvura, ihagarara nyuma yi siganwa ritangiye. Hariho umurizo muto hamwe n'ikirere gikonje bihagije kugirango ubone umwuka wa biruka ku nkombe yikiyaga cya Superior . Delelecha yi rukanye na Everlyne Lagat kugeza kilometero cya 19. Lagat yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri, naho Dot McMahan yaje avuye inyuma arangiza uwa gatatu. Ugushyingo ya muzanye mu mujyi w'urukundo rwa kivandimwe kuri Philadelphia Half Marathon . Yatsinze, atsinda [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/bekelech-daba-14487378 Bekelech Bedada] w'i myaka 19 na [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/amanda-marino-14316019 Amanda Marino], umwe mu bagize ikipe ya shampiyona yo muri NCAA Cross Country yo mu 2009 ya Villanova . Igihe cya Delelecha cyiza ku giti cye ni isaha 1:12:42. Yabaye uwa gatatu muri Marato ya Houston muri 2012, ubwo Benita Willis yamusohokaga hafi yo kurangiza na Alemitu Abera [ fr ] yahunze ayoboye, ashyiraho inyandiko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Ethiopians Break All Four Course Records to Wrap Up Marathon Weekend |url=https://www.chevronhoustonmarathon.com/ethiopians-break-all-four-course-records-to-wrap-up-marathon-weekend/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=chevronhoustonmarathon.com |publisher=Chevron Houston Marathon |location=Houston, Texas |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2012, Delelecha ya yoboye isiganwa rya Cherry Blossom 10 Mile i Washington DC . Igihe cye cyari 54:33 yashyize ku mwanya wa gatatu, inyuma y'u watsinze Julliah Kerubo Tinega na Malika Mejdoub uri ku mwanya wa kabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2012 |title=2012 Cherry Blossom Ten Mile Run—2012 Results |url=https://cherryblossom.runnerspace.com/eprofile.php?do=info&event_id=230&year=2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=runnerspace.com |publisher=Credit Union Cherry Blossom |location=Washington D.C. |language=en |via=Runner Space}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yabaye uwa kane muri Pittsburgh Half Marathon (mu gihe Fatuma Sado yanditse agahigo mu masomo), uwa gatatu agaruka muri Marato ya nyi rakuru (kuri iyi nshuro inyuma ya Everlyne Lagat na Mulu Seboka ), uwa gatanu mu Mijyi ya Twin Marato (inyuma ya Jeannette Faber ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Blount |first=Rachel |title=Twin Cities Marathon: Kipyego wins men's; Faber leads women |url=https://www.startribune.com/twin-cities-marathon-kipyego-wins-men-s-faber-leads-women/173031991/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026082020/https://www.startribune.com/twin-cities-marathon-kipyego-wins-men-s-faber-leads-women/173031991/ |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=Star Tribune |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |language=en}}</ref> nuwa kane muri Philadelphia Half Marathon . == Ubuzima bwite == Delelecha yabaga i Waldorf, muri Maryland muri 2011. <ref name="houston">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2012 Chevron Houston Marathon Media Guide |url=http://www.chevronhoustonmarathon.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CHM-Media-Guide-2012_Web1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=chevronhoustonmarathon.com |publisher=Chevron Houston Marathon |location=Houston, Texas |page=23 |language=en |format=PDF}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.chevronhoustonmarathon.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CHM-Media-Guide-2012_Web1.pdf "2012 Chevron Houston Marathon Media Guide"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Marathon Elite Athletes. ''chevronhoustonmarathon.com''. Houston, Texas: Chevron Houston Marathon. 2012. p.&nbsp;23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Inyandikorugero:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[Icyiciro: CS1 nyamukuru: url-imiterere|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref> Rimwe na rimwe yakoraga imyitozo i Albuquerque, muri New Mexico, hamwe n'i tsinda ry'abakinnyi b'Abanya furika mu gihe bitegura gusiganwa. == Imikorere myiza yumuntu ku giti cye <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Yihunlish Delelecha Bekele |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/yihunlish-bekele-14334402 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=www.worldathletics.org |publisher=World Athletics |location=Monaco |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/yihunlish-bekele-14334402 "Yihunlish Delelecha Bekele"]. ''www.worldathletics.org''. Monaco: World Athletics. 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Inyandikorugero:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: url-status ([[Icyiciro: CS1 nyamukuru: url-imiterere|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref> == == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] n2fn0duidl8bgmrtqm9e6q8tzzham25 0 16321 149255 124512 2026-11-07T19:40:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Genzeb Shumi Regasa''' (yavutse ku ya 29 [[Mutarama]] 1991) ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]] wavukiye mu ntera yo hagati wiruka mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga muri [[Bahirayini|Bahirayin]]<nowiki/>i . Yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu muri metero 1500 muri mu marushanwa ya Athletisme yo muri Aziya muri 2011 ndetse na Shampiyona yo muri Aziya yabaye mu mwaka wo muri 2012. Ibihe byiza bye ni amasaha 2: 01.18 kuri metero 800 na 4: 05.16 kuri 1500. == Umwuga == Yavukiye muri Etiyopiya, yatangiye kwiruka muri Bahirayini mu mwaka wa muri 2010, atangira gukinira irushanwa ry’abato mu marushanwa ya IAAF World Cross Country muri 2010 ndetse arangiza ari cumi na karindwi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131124021458/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/WXC/WXC2010.html 2010 World Cross Country Championships]. World Junior Athletics History. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> Yatsinze agahigo k'igihugu kabato muri metero 800 na metero 1500 muri uwo mwaka. Yatsinze metero 1500 mu irushanwa yi'mikino ngororamubiri yo muri Aziya yo muri 2010 kandi yabaye igisonga cya metero 3000 . <ref>[http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/ASJC/ASJC2010_v20110301_2040.html 2010 Asian Junior Championships]. WJAH. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> Yirutse ku rwego rw'isi mu marushanwa y’ingimbi 2010 ya beraga muri irushanwa nyuma y'ibyumweru bike hanyuma amaze gukora amateka y’abato bo muri Bahrein iminota 4: 14.05 mu bushyuhe, yatinze muri metero 1500, yanyuma kandi yarangije icya cumi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230417100322/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/WJC/WJC2010_v20110220_1854.html/ 2010 World Junior Championships]. WJAH. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/WJC10/news/kind=108/newsid=57767.html Women's 1500m Final]. IAAF (2010-07-25). Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> Yashizeho metero 800 mubato akoresha amasaha 2: 04.09 muminota ashyushye mumikino ya Aziya 2010, ariko yongeye gutinda ku mukino wa nyuma, afata umwanya wa munani. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101127203619/http://www.gz2010.cn/info/ENG_ENG/AT/ATR173A_ATW00800850000001ENG.html Women's 800m Results]. gz2010. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> Yakusanyije indi midari mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri yo muri Aziya 2012, atwara 1500 umutwe no kurangiza icya kabiri kuri Zhao Jing muri metero 800. <ref>Krishnan, Ram. Murali (2012-02-19). [http://www.iaaf.org/Mini/WIC12/news/NewsDetail.aspx?id=63646 Barshim soars 2.37m Asian record in Hangzhou as Asian Indoor champs conclude]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.</ref> Nyuma yibi yegukanye umudari we wa mbere wa mbukiranya igihugu mu marushanwa ya Shampiyona yo muri Aziya, afata umwanya wa gatatu muri podium ya Bahrein hamwe na Shitaye Eshete na Tejitu Daba . <ref>Krishnan, Ram. Murali (2012-03-25). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/newsid=64449.html Bahrain dominates at Asian XC champs]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref> Yirutse muri metero 800 na m 1500 mu mikino Olempike ya 2012, agera muri kimwe cya kabiri cya metero 800. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Genzeb Shumi Bio, Stats, and Results {{!}} Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sh/genzeb-shumi-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706100725/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sh/genzeb-shumi-1.html |archive-date=6 July 2019 |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=sports-reference.com}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] 9bwx68xi3cvrvs3z0t6rm80sazvxp6a 0 16330 149459 135073 2026-11-07T21:39:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yehualeye Beletew Mitiku''' (Yavutse ku ya 31 [[Nyakanga]] 1998) ni [[Etiyopiya|umunyetiyopiya]] ugenda asiganwa n'[[amaguru]] . Yitabiriye ibirori byo kugenda ibirometero 20 mu [[Umugore|bagore]] mu [[Umukino|mikino]] [[Umukino|Olempike]] yo muri 2016 . <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Yehualeye Beletew |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/yehualeye-beletew |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826091901/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/yehualeye-beletew# |archive-date=26 August 2016 |access-date=20 August 2016 |website=Rio 2016}}</ref> Muri 2019, yitabiriye [[Isiganwa Ryo Gukunda Igihugu|isiganwa]] ry’ibirometero 20 mu [[Umugore|bagore]] mu marushanwa y’[[Umukino|imikino]] ngororamubiri ku [[isi]] yabereye i Doha, muri [[katari]]. <ref name="women_20km_racewalking_doha_qatar_2019">{{Cite web |title=Women's 20 kilometres walk |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6033/AT-20KR-W-f----.RS6.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930161657/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6033/AT-20KR-W-f----.RS6.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=23 June 2020 |website=IAAF - 2019 World Athletics Championships}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Yehualeye_Beletew_2016.jpg|thumb|right|Ifoto ya Yehualeye Beletew yafashwe ari mu irushanwa mpuzamahanga ryo gusiganwa ku maguru ry'abatarengeje imyaka 20.]] Yarangije ku mwanya wa 16. <ref name="women_20km_racewalking_doha_qatar_2019" /> Yitabiriye amarushanwa yo kugenda ibirometero 20 mu [[Umugore|bagore]] mu [[Umukino|mikino]] Olempike yo muri 2020 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletics BELETEW Yehualeye - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1352030-beletew-yehualeye.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809010730/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1352030-beletew-yehualeye.htm |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ |publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]] |language=en-us}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] 0yd16mgulq8xvkugoh854mkwd85c0si 0 16555 149327 145177 2026-11-07T20:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149327 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa''' akunze kwitwa '''Roilya Ranaivosoa''' (yavutse ku ya 14 [[Ugushyingo]] 1990) ni umunyamoritaniya uterura ibiremereye muri Morise ukomoka muri Malagasi, uhatanira mubafite ibiro 48, yahatanye mu cyiciro anahagararira Morise mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga. Yitabiriye amarushanwa menshi ya Shampiyona y'isi yo guterura ibiremereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Weightlifting World Championships - Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=341 |access-date=23 June 2016 |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Yitabiriye imikino ya bavuga icyongereza muri 2014 mu birori bya bapima ibiro 58 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games - Marie Hanitra Roilya Ranaivosoa |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=291 |access-date=23 June 2016 |publisher=iwf.net}}</ref> Yahagarariye Morise mu mikino y'olempike yo muri 2020 yabereye i Tokiyo, mu [[Buyapani]]. Yarangije ku mwanya wa 11 mu bagore mu bapima ibiro 49 . <ref name="women_49_kg_results_weightlifting_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Women's 49 kg Results |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW49KG--------------FNL---------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726145828/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW49KG--------------FNL---------.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu bagore bapima ibiro 49 mu mikino ya bavuga icyongereza yabereye i Birmingham mu Bwongereza. Mu kuboza 2022, yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize komisiyo y'abakinnyi ba IWF . == Ibisubizo by'ingenzi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" width="250" |Ahantu ! rowspan="2" width="60" |Ibiro ! colspan="4" |Ibiro ! colspan="4" |Ibiro ! rowspan="2" width="40" |igiteranyo ! rowspan="2" width="40" |urutonde |- ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Umwanya ! width="40" |1 ! width="40" |2 ! width="40" |3 ! width="40" |Umwanya |- ! colspan="13" |Yahagarariye morise |- ! colspan="13" |Olempike |- |2021 | align="left" |[[Tokyo]], [[Ubuyapani|Japan]] |49 kg |'''73''' |<s>76</s> |<s>76</s> |12 |'''91''' |<s>95</s> |<s>96</s> |11 |'''164''' |'''11''' |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Burezile|Brazil]] |48 kg |73 |<s>78</s> |'''80''' |10 |'''93''' |<s>98</s> |<s>100</s> |10 |'''173''' |'''9''' |- ! colspan="13" |Champiyona yisi |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Pattaya]], [[Tayilande|Thailand]] |49 kg |'''73''' |<s>76</s> |<s>77</s> |'''26''' |92 |95 |'''98''' |'''14''' |'''171''' |'''20''' |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Ashgabat]], [[Turukimenisitani|Turkmenistan]] |49 kg |<s>73</s> |73 |'''76''' |'''19''' |94 |'''97''' |<s>101</s> |'''15''' |'''173''' |'''15''' |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|United States]] |53 kg |75 |'''78''' |<s>80</s> |'''13''' |95 |<s>100</s> |'''100''' |'''17''' |'''178''' |'''12''' |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Houston]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|United States]] |48 kg |'''80''' |<s>82</s> |<s>82</s> |'''14''' |<s>100</s> |'''100''' |<s>104</s> |'''14''' |'''180''' |'''13''' |- |2014 | align="left" |[[Almaty]], [[Kazakisitani|Kazakhstan]] |58 kg |76 |'''79''' |<s> 83</s> |'''28''' |96 |'''101''' |<s>105</s> |'''23''' |'''180''' |'''25''' |- ! colspan="13" |Imikino y'abavuga icyongereza |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], [[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |48 kg |73 |'''76''' |<s>78</s> |2 |90 |<s>94</s> |'''94''' |2 |'''170''' |zahabu |- |2014 | align="left" |[[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] |58 kg |<s>82</s> |'''82''' |<s>85</s> |9 |<s>100</s> |<s>100</s> |<s>100</s> | - | - | - |- ! colspan="13" |Imikino ya furika |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Rabat]], [[Maroke|Morocco]] |49 kg |'''75''' |<s>80</s> |<s>80</s> |zahabu |92 |'''94''' |<s>95</s> |zahabu 1 |'''169''' |zahabu |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Brazzaville]], [[Kongo|Republic of the Congo]] '''*''' |53 kg |'''80''' |<s>85</s> |<s>85</s> |zahabu |'''103''' |<s>108</s> |<s>108</s> |feza |'''183''' |zahabu |- ! colspan="13" |Champiyona yabavuga icyongereza |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Penang]], [[Malesiya|Malaysia]] |53 kg |73 |76 |'''78''' |1 |92 |<s>95</s> |'''96''' |2 |'''174''' |feza |- ! colspan="13" | shampiyona y'afurika |- |2019 | align="left" |[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] |49 kg |'''71''' |<s>74</s> |<s>74</s> | |'''93''' |<s>96</s> |<s>98</s> |feza |'''164''' |feza |- |2018 | align="left" |[[Mahébourg]], [[Morise|Mauritius]] |53 kg |70 |'''80''' |<s>83</s> |zahabu |90 |'''100''' |<s>103</s> |zahabu 1 |'''180''' |zahabu |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Vacoas-Phoenix|Vacoas]], [[Morise|Mauritius]] |48 kg |70 |'''76''' |<s>81</s> |zahabu |90 |'''95''' |<s>100</s> |zahabu 1 |'''171''' |zahabu |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Yaoundé]], [[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |48 kg |73 |'''78''' |<s>81</s> |zahabu |95 |<s>102</s> |'''102''' |zahabu 1 |'''180''' |zahabu |- |2013 | align="left" |[[Casablanca]], [[Maroke|Morocco]] |69 kg |<s>71</s> |'''71''' |<s>75</s> |'''4''' |87 |92 |'''95''' |zahabu 1 |'''166''' |'''feza''' |} '''*''' Ubusanzwe yari umwanya wa kabiri mu kunyaga no muri rusange, ariko nyuma uwambere watsindiye umudari wa zahabu Umunyanigeria Elizabeth Onuah ntiyemerwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2016 |title=Doping ban shock for Nigeria |url=http://www.iol.co.za/sport/athletics/doping-ban-shock-for-nigeria-1975054 |access-date=22 September 2019 |publisher=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == {{s-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Kate Foo Kune]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Mauritius at the Olympics|Flag bearer]] for {{MRI}}|years=[[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020]]<br />with <br />[[Richarno Colin]]|after='''Incumbent'''}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Morise]] 6o771h2wlaxz0mlqb861m00s858efob 0 16587 149452 95208 2026-11-07T21:38:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 149452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike y'igihugu mu birwa bya komore iherereye mu misozi ya ya Ntringui''' ni parike yigihugu ku kirwa cya Anjouan muri [[komore]] . Ifite ubuso bwa kilometerokare 79.14 hagati yizinga. Iyi parike yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2010. <ref name="unep">UNEP-WCMC (2021). </ref> [[Dosiye:Lac_dzialandze.JPG|thumb|410x410px|ikiyaga cya dzialandze]] Iyi parike irimo umusozi wa Ntringui, impinga ndende ya Anjouan, hamwe n’ikiyaga cya Dzialandzé, ikiyaga cya crater nicyo kiyaga kinini cya Anjouan, n’ishyamba rya Moya, ishyamba rinini risigaye rya Anjouan. Iyi pariki irimo umusozi Ntringui (metero 1,595), impinga ndende kuri Anjouan, n'umusozi Trindrini (metero 1.474 ), wa kabiri muremure, uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'umusozi wa Ntringui. Iyi mpinga niyo soko y'inzuzi n'inzuzi zihoraho za Anjouan, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zaracukuye imigezi nini na sikire mu mpande z'umusozi. Ikiyaga cya Dzialandzé giherereye kuri metero 900 z'uburebure mu mwobo uri mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'umusozi wa Ntringui, kandi gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 2. Niho habamo [[grebe nto]] ( ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' ) n'amafi yo mu mazi meza ya Anjouan. Anjouan yabanje gutwikirwa mumashyamba. Amenshi mu mashyamba yo kuri icyo kirwa yarakuweho, kandi igisigaye ni igitutu cyo gusarura ibiti no guhanagura ubuhinzi n'ubutaka bwo kurisha. Amashyamba asigaye ahanini ari muri parike. <ref name="cepf">Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (2014). </ref> Ishyamba rya Moya, mu majyepfo y’umusozi Trindrini mu gice cy’amajyepfo ya parike, ni ibisigisigi binini by’amashyamba kuri Anjouan, bifite ubuso bungana na ha 500. Irimo inyamaswa nyinshi kavukire, zirimo ibibabi bibiri ( Foxing iguruka ya Livingstone ( ''Pteropus livingstonii'' ) na <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Pteropus seychellensis</i></nowiki> var. <nowiki><i id="mwHg">Comorensis</i></nowiki> ), Anjouan scops owl ( ''Otus capnode'' ), na lemur mongoose ( ''Eulemur mongoz'' ). == Reba == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore}} 60pv6ja4ifjhizr8rixyx2yr15iyoft 0 16900 149520 144201 2026-11-08T07:25:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nkechi Agwu DSC4143 (1).jpg|thumb|nkechi harry|416x416px]] Nkechi Harry Ngonadi numugore wibice byinshi numuyobozi winganda watsinze - rwiyemezamirimo, umuvugizi ushishikaza, umuderi, numuyobozi mukuru wa NHN Couture. Yatangiye bwa mbere kandi yitabwaho cyane mu bucuruzi bw'imyambarire n'ijambo rye - Kugarura ikinyabupfura kuri Fashion, hamwe n'ikirango cye NHN Couture.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nhnthewarroom.com/nkechi_harry_ngonadi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165023/https://www.nhnthewarroom.com/nkechi_harry_ngonadi |archive-date=2023-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere == Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi yavutse ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 1975, akurira mu mujyi wa kera kandi mwiza wa Zaria muri Leta ya Kaduna, ari naho yabaga ubuzima bwe bwose. Yize muri kaminuza izwi cyane ya Ahmadu Bello, aho yize igenamigambi ry’imijyi n’akarere none, uyu munsi yashakanye n’abasirikare bakuru - Rear Admiral Harry Ngonadi. Ubukwe buhiriwe nabana babiri batangaje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africaprime.com/African-Celebrities/nkechi-harry-ngonadi-nigeria/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165024/https://africaprime.com/African-Celebrities/nkechi-harry-ngonadi-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://thewilldowntown.com/the-tales-of-an-enterprising-housewife-dr-nkechi-harry-ngonadi/</ref> == Umwitozo == Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi ni rwiyemezamirimo, umuvugizi wemewe, umujyanama w’ubukwe wemewe, umuyobozi w’ubwami akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’imyambarire - NHN Couture.<ref>https://thewilldowntown.com/the-tales-of-an-enterprising-housewife-dr-nkechi-harry-ngonadi/</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Abundant-Me-Princess-Heirsmac-ebook/dp/B073TBC335</ref> NHN Couture ni ikirango kidasanzwe kandi kidasanzwe gishyigikira cyane imyambarire idakwiye mu nganda zerekana imideli. [[Igitabo|Ibitabo]] byinshi byayoboye byashimye Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi kuba yarahinduye inkuru; iki gikorwa cyubutwari nticyabonye gusa ikirango cya NHN kizamuka hejuru ahubwo cyanakemuye itandukaniro riri hagati yimyambarire no kwizera kwa gikristo. Muri Werurwe 2019, Dr. Nkechi Harry-Ngonadi yarangije amasomo ajyanye no KUGARAGAZA MU RUHAME RW'IMVUGO N'UBUHANZI BUKURIKIRA MU MASHURI MPUZAMAHANGA YO GUSHYIKIRANA DUBAI. Ukuboza 2019, yahawe igihembo cyumuganga wicyubahiro wa PHILOSOPHI MU BUYOBOZI BWA STYLE NA FASHION na UNIVERSITY ESCAE-BENIN. MUTARAMA 2023, YUZUYE [[Umugore|ABAGORE]] MU MASOMO YEMEZO MU BUYOBOZI MU ISHURI RYA YALE UNIVERSITY RY'UBUYOBOZI.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lucipost.com/2019/06/fashion-entrepreneur-nkechi-harry-ngonadi-celebrates-her-12th-wedding-anniversary-with-very-interesting-story/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165024/https://www.lucipost.com/2019/06/fashion-entrepreneur-nkechi-harry-ngonadi-celebrates-her-12th-wedding-anniversary-with-very-interesting-story/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] 3iueqyfe0uyzn7hg87ujbivhdy4yneg 0 16955 149538 96119 2026-11-08T08:14:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Prime Cement Limited''' (PCL) ni uruganda rukora sima mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ishami rya Mil bridge Holding SA, ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo kubaka no kugabura, rufite amashami muri [[Angola]], [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|leta zunze ubumwe bw'abarabu]], [[Rwanda]] na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Eddie Nsabimana |date=25 July 2020 |title=Rwanda: Rwf37bn Musanze-Based Cement Factory to Be Launched Next Week |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202007250103.html |access-date=11 August 2020 |location=Kigali}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEddie_Nsabimana2020">Eddie Nsabimana (25 July 2020). [https://allafrica.com/stories/202007250103.html "Rwanda: Rwf37bn Musanze-Based Cement Factory to Be Launched Next Week"]. ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)]]''. Kigali<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Aho biherereye == Inganda nkuru za PCL ziherereye muri Zone y’inganda ya Musanze, mu Murenge wa Kimonyi, [[Akarere ka Musanze]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u Rwanda. Ubu ni kuri kilometero zigera kuri, ku muhanda, mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru. == Incamake == Muri 2018, PCL yatangiye kubaka uruganda rushya rwa miliyoni 65 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu karere ka Musanze, mu karere ka Rwanda. Uruganda rwaba rwubatswe mubice bibiri byubushobozi bwa toni 600.000 metero imwe imwe. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Moses Gahigi and Esiara Kabona |date=26 February 2017 |title=Cement companies scramble for a piece of Rwandan market |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Cement-companies-scramble-for-Rwandan-market-/2560-4319740-l30f0uz/index.html |access-date=11 August 2020 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Icyiciro cya mbere, cyubatswe ku giciro cya miliyoni 40 z'amadolari (hafi. miliyari 37 z'amanyarwanda) zaje ku murongo muri Kanama 2020. LOESCHE GmbH, isosiyete y’u bwubatsi [[Ubudage|yo mu Budage]] ifite icyicaro i Düsseldorf, yatanze ibikoresho yubaka uruganda. <ref name="1R"/> <ref name="3R" /> Umusaruro w’ubucuruzi watangiye ku ya 1 Nzeri 2020. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Julius Bizimungu |date=1 September 2020 |title=Rwanda: Prime Cement Seeks to Bridge Supply Gap With $40 Million Plant |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202009020087.html |access-date=7 September 2020 |location=Kigali |format=Via [[AllAfrica.com]]}}</ref> == Nyirubwite == PCL ni ishami rya 100% rya Milbridge Holding SA, inyubako y'ibikoresho byubatswe, aho ifite icyicaro muri Angola, ifite amashami muri Afurika yepfo, na leta zunze ubumwe bw'abarabu hamwe nu Rwanda. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Eddie Nsabimana |date=25 July 2020 |title=Rwanda: Rwf37bn Musanze-Based Cement Factory to Be Launched Next Week |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202007250103.html |access-date=11 August 2020 |location=Kigali}}</ref> == Gahunda z'ejo hazaza == Biteganijwe ko mu gihe icyiciro cya mbere cyuruganda rushya ruzaba rwuzuye, ruzakoresha abakozi bagera kuri 300. Nyuma, mugihe icyiciro cya kabiri cyubatswe, abandi bakozi 300 bari guhabwa akazi, kugirango abakozi buzuzanye 600. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Arafat Mugabo |date=4 September 2018 |title=Prime Cement pegs success on 1.2 million tonne plant |url=https://rwandatoday.africa/business/Prime-Cement-pegs-success-on-1-2-million-tonne-plant/4383192-4742606-gekb3e/index.html |access-date=11 August 2020 |location=Nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204020151/http://rwandatoday.africa/business/Prime-Cement-pegs-success-on-1-2-million-tonne-plant/4383192-4742606-gekb3e/index.html |archive-date=4 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFArafat_Mugabo2018">Arafat Mugabo (4 September 2018). [https://rwandatoday.africa/business/Prime-Cement-pegs-success-on-1-2-million-tonne-plant/4383192-4742606-gekb3e/index.html "Prime Cement pegs success on 1.2 million tonne plant"]. ''[[Itsinda ryitangazamakuru ryigihugu|Rwanda Today]]''. Nairobi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> icyiciro cya kabiri cyo muri PCL kirangiye, u Rwanda umusaruro wa sima mu gihugu uteganijwe kuzamuka ugera kuri toni miliyoni 1.9 buri mwaka. Isima yakozwe izakoreshwa mugace, hamwe nibisohoka byoherezwa mukarere. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Arafat Mugabo |date=4 September 2018 |title=Prime Cement pegs success on 1.2 million tonne plant |url=https://rwandatoday.africa/business/Prime-Cement-pegs-success-on-1-2-million-tonne-plant/4383192-4742606-gekb3e/index.html |access-date=11 August 2020 |location=Nairobi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204020151/http://rwandatoday.africa/business/Prime-Cement-pegs-success-on-1-2-million-tonne-plant/4383192-4742606-gekb3e/index.html |archive-date=4 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'abakora sima mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>1°29′35″S 29°39′37″E / 1.49309°S 29.66028°E / -1.49309; 29.66028 [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] t2n1e6c367jalzg69pclgxsmy9qtwvx 0 16981 149480 140559 2026-11-07T22:45:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabati ya Karuruma''' ni uruganda rukora amabati mu murwa mukuru [[Rwanda|w’u Rwanda]], [[Kigali]], kuri ubu rukoreshwa na sosiyete ya '''LuNa Smelter Ltd.''' Uru ruganda rwakoranaga mbere na '''Phoenix Metal Ltd.''' Amabati ya Karuruma yubatswe mu ntangiriro zo muri 1980 kugira ngo atange amabati avuye muri concentéte yaturutse muri '''Société des Mines du Rwanda''' ( SOMIRWA ). SOMIRWA yayoboye urugamda kugeza muri 1985 igihe yahombye. Uruganda rwongeye gufungura mu mpera zo muri 1990 n’isosiyete yitwa '''''ALICOM''''' ariko yongera gufungwa muri Mata 1994 ubwo [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda]] ryatangiraga ryokwica abatutsi. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yari ifite uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa, yarayigurishije muri gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo. Uruganda ruherereye hafi ya Kigali, [[umurwa]] mukuru wu Rwanda. == Amateka yisosiyete munsi ya NMC Metallurgie == Muri 2002 Tin Smelter yaguzwe na NMC Metallurgie. Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2003 amatsinda ya tekiniki yakoraga ku ishoramari no kuyitaho mu rwego rwo gusana uruganda, gutumiza no gushyira imashini zabuze, gutangira ibikorwa byo gushonga hamwe no kunoza imikorere. Muri Kamena na Ukuboza 2003 ibizamini byakozwe neza kandi umusaruro w’inganda wari witeguye gutangira mu mpera za 2003. Muri 2005 isosiyete yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura izina ryisosiyete ikitwa Phoenix Metal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenix Metal SARL |url=https://panjiva.com/Phoenix-Metal-SARL/32367727 |publisher=PANJIVA |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019102932/https://panjiva.com/Phoenix-Metal-SARL/32367727 |url-status=dead }}</ref> no guhindura n’amasezerano y’ishyirahamwe. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi, kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi nikibazo cyibintu byinshi by'umurongo byari byategetse guhagarika ibikorwa byo gushonga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda reopens tin smelter |url=https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3420399/Rwanda-reopens-tin-smelter.html |publisher=metalbulletin |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019102932/https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3420399/Rwanda-reopens-tin-smelter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2006, isosiyete yagerageje inzira nshya ishingiye kubikorwa bidasanzwe. Ibyo bizamini byagenze neza mu buhanga ariko izamuka rya kabiri ry’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi mu Kuboza 2005 n’ikibazo gisigaye cy’ibikoresho fatizo nticyagaragajwe n’ibintu byiza byakozwe muri gahunda nshya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-23 |title=rwanda-mining-Rwanda Mining Revenue to Decline on Lower Tantalum Export Prices |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-23/rwanda-mining-revenue-to-decline-on-lower-tantalum-export-prices |publisher=bloomberg}}</ref> Nyuma y'imyaka itanu abikorera ku giti cyabo, ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwa tekiniki n’imari bwakozwe na Privateatisation kugira ngo harebwe niba amasezerano yubahirijwe n’impande zombi. Hafashwe umwanzuro hagati y’ababuranyi, ko Phoenix Metal itagifite inshingano. Phoenix Metal yasezeranije kuzirikana gushonga kandi izakora ibishoboka bidasanzwe kugirango utangire gushonga mumahirwe y'ambere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-05 |title=Rwanda Future Mining Hub of East Africa |url=https://macigindaba.com/2014/06/05/rwanda-future-mining-hub-of-east-africa/ |publisher=GBR |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2017-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174117/https://macigindaba.com/2014/06/05/rwanda-future-mining-hub-of-east-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, isosiyete yinjiye mu kwakira abantu kandi yaguzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda kuri miliyari 1.2 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt Buys Phoenix-Metals for RWf1.2b |url=http://rwandatoday.africa/business/Govt-buys-Phoenix-Metals-for-Rwf1-2b/4383192-4619062-12sso1lz/index.html |publisher=Rwanda Today |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326115832/http://rwandatoday.africa/business/Govt-buys-Phoenix-Metals-for-Rwf1-2b/4383192-4619062-12sso1lz/index.html |archive-date=2020-03-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uruganda == Amabati yubatswe muri 1980 n’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]]. Intego yuyu mushinga kwari ugushonga cassiterite yose kuva kariya gace. Ubushobozi busanzwe bwa mabati bwari toni 10 za cassiterite ku munsi kandi bwiyongereye kugera kuri toni 15 ku munsi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Rwandan tin smelting firm certified as conflict free |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/rwandan-tin-smelting-firm-certified-conflict-free |publisher=The New Times}}</ref> Uruganda rufite ibyuma 2 by'amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bw'itanura buri hagati ya toni 10 na 15 zo kuvanga kumunsi. Amatanura atatu yo gutunganya ni ayo kugenzura umwanda. Amatanura abiri yo gutandukanya akoreshwa mugutunganya ibisigazwa. == Ore == === Umuti === Bamwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda ntibafite ibikoresho cyangwa ubumenyi bwo gusukura amabuye y'agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-18 |title=Rwanda to resume smelting minerals for export |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Rwanda-to-resume-smelting-minerals-for-export-/2560-3255628-aevpopz/index.html |publisher=The East African}}</ref> Phoenix Metal ibasaba koza no gutegura amabuye y'agaciro yoherezwa hanze harebwa ibisobanuro byamasezerano yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kubwibyo, Phoenix Metal ifite nka Crusher, Mills, Spirals, Shacking Table yumye kandi itose, Magnetique separation. === Gucuruza === Hamwe nibikorwa byo gushonga bidakora, Phoenix Metal yatangiye igikorwa cyubucuruzi. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na Phoenix Metal ni: 1. Cassiterite 2. Wolfram 3. Tantalite 4. Beryl 5. Amabati Phoenix Metal yakoranye numukiriya umwe witwa Sideral Development. Sideral yabanje guterwa inkunga Phoenix Metal yo kugura amabuye y'agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Boost as Phoenix Metal resumes smelting tin |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/Rwanda/Business/Boost-as-Phoenix-Metal-resumes-smelting-tin/1433224-2563142-e0tbbc/index.html |publisher=The East African}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] jsx3y6yk97lszn2d4btqcw44o9wz9n2 0 16995 149298 109210 2026-11-07T20:06:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzu inzu.jpg|thumb|Inzu]] [[Dosiye:AfricaMuseum - 2023-02-09 - 01.jpg|thumb|Inzu ndangamurage]] [[Dosiye:OUAGADOUGOU3.JPG|thumb|Umugi wa Ouagadougou inzu ndangamurage ya Manega iherereyemo]] [[Dosiye:Frédéric Titinga Pacéré.jpg|thumb|Frédéric Titinga Pacéré]] Inzu ndangamurage ya Manega ni inzu ndangamurage iherereye mu birometero 55 mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umujyi wa [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], mu mudugudu wa Manega, mu gihugu cya [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]]. Yashinzwe na Frédéric Pacéré Titinga. Inzu ndangamurage zirimo "imyironge ya Boura," ibice 40 byo gushyingura, imiyoboro, amajerekani ya terracota, ibikomo hamwe n’ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu mihango yo mu kibaya cya Niger, guhera mu kinyejana cya 2 kugeza mu cya 11. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official site |url=http://www.musee-manega.bf/ang/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907053843/http://www.musee-manega.bf/ang/index.htm |archive-date=2012-09-07 |access-date=2008-01-23}}</ref> Hazwiho kandi imbunda ya Mossi imaze imyaka 200. <ref>Manson, K., Knight, J. (2006), ''Burkina Faso'', p.140, Bradt Travel Guides, The Globe Pequot Press Inc., Retrieved on June 17, 2008</ref> [[Dosiye:BF-Musée de Manéga-Amphores.jpg|center|thumb|Bimwe mu biba munzu ndagamurage ya Manega]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'inzu ndangamurage muri Burkinafaso [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Ubugeni]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] d4ujvetszz9cqdux47rret86u6pvgxb 0 17034 149300 121329 2026-11-07T20:09:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isoko rimwe ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere''' ( '''Single African Air Transport Market ( SAATM)''' ) ni umushinga w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika yo gushyiraho isoko rimwe ryo gutwara indege muri Afurika. Iyo isoko rimwe imaze gukurikizwa, isoko rimwe rigomba kwemerera ubwisanzure bukomeye bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Afurika, igateza imbere gahunda ya AU 2063 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=The Single African Air Transport Market is launched |url=https://www.uneca.org/stories/single-african-air-transport-market-launched |access-date=6 May 2018 |publisher=[[UN Economic Commission for Africa]]}}</ref> Icyambere, intego ya SAATM ni ugushyira m'ubikorwa by'imazeyo Icyemezo cya Yamoussoukro muri 1999. Ibi bivuze ko abitabiriye amahugurwa bose bemeye gukuraho imipaka y’isoko ry’indege, kuvanaho imipaka ku nyungu zabo, guha buri wese uburenganzira bwo kugenda mu kirere ( mbere y’ubwisanzure bwa gatanu, ntibibangamira uburenganzira bwa cabotage ), no guha uburenganzira bwo kuguruka no kugabanya ubushobozi. Indege zombi zitwara abagenzi n'imizigo zirimo. <ref name="lexology">{{Cite web |last=Azinge |first=Craig |date=11 April 2018 |title=Liberalising aviation in Africa: overview of single air transport market |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=44fb879c-7a37-4060-8db2-399146747ec0 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410233809/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=44fb879c-7a37-4060-8db2-399146747ec0 |archive-date=10 April 2018 |publisher=Lexology}}</ref> Irashaka kandi guhuza amabwiriza y’umutekano n’umutekano mu ndege, ishingiye ku bisabwa na ICAO . Kugenzura SAATM bikorwa n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, Umuryango w’ubukungu w’akarere, na komisiyo nyafurika ishinzwe indege za gisivili ( AFCAC ). == Amateka == Inyungu yo kwishyira ukizana mu kirere, cyane cyane umudendezo wa gatanu, yemejwe bwa mbere mu itangazo rya Yamoussoukro ryo mu 1988. Iri tangazo ryongeye gushimangirwa mu 1999, igihe Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika watoye icyemezo cya Yamoussoukuro . Icyakora, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'icyemezo ryahuye n'inzitizi, kubera ko inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa zitatangiye gukora nk'uko biteganijwe mu masezerano. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Momoh |first=Oshokha Michael |date=14 February 2018 |title=Liberalising aviation in Africa: the Yamoussoukro Decision |url=https://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/Aviation/International/George-Etomi-Partners/Liberalising-aviation-in-Africa-the-Yamoussoukro-Decision |url-access=registration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220023421/https://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/Aviation/International/George-Etomi-Partners/Liberalising-aviation-in-Africa-the-Yamoussoukro-Decision |archive-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=International Law Office}}</ref> Ibihugu byinshi bigize uyu muryango ntabwo byahaye uburenganzira bwa gatanu ubwisanzure ku ndege zituruka mu bindi bihugu. <ref name="schlumberger" /> Mu mwaka wo muri 2015, Declaration for the Establishment of a Single African Air Transport Market ryashyizeho urwego rwi soko rimwe rishyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cya Yamoussoukro kizashyirwaho muri 2017. <ref name="lexology"/> Iki gihe ntarengwa cyongerewe gahunda yo gutangiza isoko rimwe mu nama ya 30 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika yabereye i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] . Aho, itangizwa rya SAATM ryashyizwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 28 Mutarama 2018 na Perezida w’u [[Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]], nk'umuyobozi mushya w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika . Uyu muryango washatse kugira abanyamuryango 40 mu mpera za 2019. == Uruhare == Ibihugu 23 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika byabanje kwemera kwinjira muri SAATM nkabitabira gutangira. Nyakanga 2022 hari ibihugu 34 byitabiriye : <ref>{{Cite web |title=IATA SAATM |url=https://www.iata.org/en/about/worldwide/ame/saatm/ |access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> == Isuzuma == Bamwe muri guverinoma n’indege za Afurika banenze umushinga. By'umwihariko indege ntoya, kimwe na guverinoma ya [[Ubugande|Uganda]], bavuga ko ayo masezerano yatuma indege nke nini ziganje ku isoko, bityo bikazimya amarushanwa. [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere]], hamwe n’abandi basesenguzi, yahanuye ko SAATM izageza ku ndege zihendutse, ubwinshi bw’abagenzi n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere ryashimye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika gutangiza isoko rimwe, ariko uraburira ko hazakenerwa byinshi kugira ngo iyi politiki ishyirwe mu bikorwa neza. Abdérahmane Berthé, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’indege ny'afurika, yavuze ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyafashije ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya SAATM . == Ibihugu == * Benin * Botswana * Burkina Faso * Cameroon * Cape Verde * Chad * Central African Republic * DR Congo * Congo * Côte d'Ivoire * Egypt * Ethiopia * Equatorial Guinea * Gabon * The Gambia * Ghana * Guinea * Guinea-Bissau * Kenya * Lesotho * Liberia * Mali * Morocco * Mozambique * Namibia * Niger * Nigeria * Rwanda * Senegal * Sierra Leone * South Africa * Swaziland * Togo * Zimbabwe == Reba kandi == * Agace k'ubucuruzi k'umugabane wa Afurika * Passeport y’ubumwe bwa Afurika * Agace gashinzwe indege rusange == Reba == {{Reflist|40em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220313040529/https://www.iata.org/en/policy/business-freedom/saatm/ SAATM information page] at IATA.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522180959/https://www.afcac.org/en/index.php African Civil Aviation Commission website] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] saow3kvrlzlusl7iq2el2wzaat0wmou 0 17236 149483 146854 2026-11-08T00:48:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149483 wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Asiamah ni inzobere mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu ukorana cyane cyane n’abaturage badafite uburenganzira kandi bahejejwe inyuma kugira ngo bagabanye itandukaniro ry’ubuzima binyuze mu mpinduka za buri muntu na sisitemu. Umwizera ushishikaye muburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya, yizera ko bigira ingaruka kumpinduka zifatika binyuze mumuryango mwiza, gufata ibyemezo hamwe no kubaka umubano. David yarakoze kandi abona intsinzi mubice bitandukanye kuva mubigo kugeza kudaharanira inyungu. Yigisha kandi mu ishami ry’ubuzima rusange muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Montclair. David azobereye mubuzima bwabaturage, ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa byabigizemo uruhare, ibikorwa rusange byimibereho, iterambere ryumuryango no gucunga no kugisha inama inyungu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.davidasiamah.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621050644/https://www.davidasiamah.com/ |archive-date=2023-06-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/tag/david-asiamah/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-21 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621050643/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/tag/david-asiamah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/tag/david-asiamah/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-21 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621050643/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/tag/david-asiamah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://noguchi.ug.edu.gh/fellows/david-asiamah/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-21 |archive-date=2023-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621052148/https://noguchi.ug.edu.gh/fellows/david-asiamah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri == David afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri Clinical-Community Psychology yo muri kaminuza ya Carolina yepfo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230621050642/https://coachingforeveryone.org/project/david-asiamah/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] h077g9fqwe3rhii5306qtph36e4kjfi 0 17476 149335 145040 2026-11-07T20:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:20180610 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Brazil Neymar 850 1705.jpg|thumb|268x268px]] '''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (wavutse ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1992), uzwi ku izina rya '''Neymar Júnior''' cyangwa uzwi ku izina rya '''Neymar''', ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] wabigize umwuga ukomoka muri Berezile ukina nk'imbere mu ikipe ya Al Hilal yo muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]] ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Berezile. Umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi kandi ukina umukino uzwi cyane muburyo bwe bwo gukina, afatwa nkumwe mu bakinnyi beza ku isi ndetse n’umukinnyi mwiza wo muri Berezile wo mu gisekuru cye. Neymar yatsinze byibuze ibitego 100 mu makipe atatu atandukanye, bituma aba umwe mu bakinnyi bake bageze kuri iki gikorwa. [[Dosiye:Neymar (16245492137).jpg|thumb]] Neymar yamenyekanye cyane muri Santos, aho yakinnye bwa mbere mu mwuga afite imyaka 17. Bidatinze abaye umukinnyi w’icyamamare muri shampiyona ya Berezile, yatsindiye Copa Libertadores ya 2011 hamwe na Santos, ibaye iyambere kuva 1963. Yahawe igihembo cy'umupira w'amaguru muri Amerika y'Epfo mu 2011 na 2012, yimukira mu [[Burayi]] kugira ngo yinjire muri Barcelona mu 2013. Muri shampiyona ye ya kabiri, mu rwego rwo gutera batatu muri Barcelona hamwe na Lionel Messi na Luis Suárez, bise ''MSN'', yatsindiye igikombe cy’umugabane wa La Liga, Copa del Rey, na UEFA Champion League. Neymar yashishikarijwe kuba umukinnyi wibanze ku rwego rwamakipe, Neymar mu buryo butunguranye yavuye muri Barcelona yerekeza i [[Paris]] Saint-Germain (PSG) muri 2017 muri miliyoni 222 zama euro, bituma aba umukinnyi uhenze kurusha abandi.{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>|group=note}} In Paris, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year in his debut season, was integral to PSG reaching its first ever Champions League final in 2019–20, and became the highest scoring Brazilian player in Champions League history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Neymar, Roberto Firmino, Thiago Silva: Who are Brazil's top UEFA Champions League performers? |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819101738/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Imvune zatumye Neymar akina igihe cyo gukina muri PSG maze mu 2023, nyuma y’ibihe bitandatu na 5 bya Ligue 1 yegukana igikombe, yasinyiye Al Hilal mu masezerano yunguka. [[Dosiye:Neymar Jr presentation - Press conference for PSG 001.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Neymar Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|204x204px]] Umukinnyi wa mbere muri Berezile afite imyaka 18, Neymar niwe watsinze ibitego byinshi mu ikipe yigihugu cye ibitego 79 mumikino 128. Yatsindiye Igikombe cya FIFA 2013, yegukana Umupira wa Zahabu. Mu gikombe cye cya mbere cya FIFA World Cup, 2014, yashyizwe mu itsinda rya Dream Team. Uruhare rwe muri Copa América 2015 rwagabanutse kubera guhagarikwa, mbere yo gutwara Brezil umudari wa mbere wa zahabu mu mikino Olempike mu mupira wamaguru w’abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2016, akaba yari amaze kubona umudari wa feza ku nshuro ya 2012 . Amaze kwanga kuba kapiteni, yagaragaye mu gikombe cyisi cya 2018, nyuma yo kubura Copa América ya 2019 kubera imvune, yafashije Brezil kurangiza umwanya wa kabiri mu marushanwa ya 2021, aho yatsindiye igihembo cy’umukinnyi witwaye neza hamwe na Messi. Mu gikombe cy'isi 2022, yinjiye muri Pelé na Ronaldo nk'Abanyaburezili bonyine batsinze ibitego bitatu mu gikombe cy'isi. Neymar yatsindiye ibihembo bitandatu bya Samba Gold, byahawe umukinnyi mwiza wa Berezile mu Burayi. [[Dosiye:Neymar Olympics August 2016.jpg|thumb|199x199px]] Neymar yegukanye umwanya wa gatatu muri FIFA Ballon d'Or muri 2015 na 2017, yahawe igihembo cya FIFA Puskás, yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa FIFA FIFPro World11 ndetse n'ikipe y'umwaka wa UEFA inshuro ebyiri, ndetse n'ikipe ya UEFA Champion League yo muri shampiyona ya gatatu ibihe. Hanze y'ikibuga, ashyirwa mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isi. ''SportsPro'' yamwise umukinnyi wamamaye cyane ku isi muri 2012 na 2013, ESPN imuvuga ko ari umukinnyi wa kane ku isi uzwi cyane mu 2016. Muri 2017, ''Igihe'' cyamushyize ku rutonde ngarukamwaka rw’abantu 100 bakomeye ku isi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=20 April 2017 |title=Neymar Belongs on Time's '100 Most Influential People'; David Beckham Explains Why |url=http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421020228/http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |website=NESN}}</ref> Muri 2018, ''Umupira wamaguru w’Ubufaransa'' washyize Neymar ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bakinnyi bahembwa menshi ku isi. Umwaka ukurikira, ''Forbes'' yamushyize ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bakinnyi bahembwa menshi ku isi, amanukana umwanya wa kane mu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes 2020 - Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes/#5f15680855ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118041725/http://www.forbes.com/athletes/#5f15680855ae |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Forbes}}</ref> {{Reflist}} ip1flpjiylrtz1mmnjmsvu5oj1vs6sg 0 17495 149464 147473 2026-11-07T21:42:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 149464 wikitext text/x-wiki RUTI Joel ni umubyinnyi akaba n'umuririmbyi, ni umwe mubayoboye abaririmbyi b'imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4161/entertainment/music/ruti-joel-drops-maiden-album-musomandera</ref> Akaba afite indirimbo nyinshi zijyanye numuco nyarwanda harimo; Igikobwa,Amariza,Ibihame,Rusaro,Cunda,Rasana,Rwagasabo,Rasana,Cyane,Gaju na Nyambo n'izindi nyinshi.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ruti+joel&sca_esv=56b93db8a3f00b44&sxsrf=AHTn8zrrr4EzY41dAGP_ohPBDxH12holXw:1742386283705&source=lnms&fbs=ABzOT_CWdhQLP1FcmU5B0fn3xuWpA-dk4wpBWOGsoR7DG5zJBjLjqIC1CYKD9D-DQAQS3Z44LBK6yTXN_5587Z3ya9D7hwo9slGPLDAsNLl5XtZMmgWLYCCECmC6vfubQXxuBctbhQGqBEEz1X6DcDvISG4hKmVSmgozwIo7I6g5cIDb3ByOWKBx1T47TIPl0jVUeiJ-OiZWHScq5DyhYfqiTthnO5Tlog&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqxoHcjpaMAxWtxQIHHUy-B6AQ0pQJegQIBxAD&biw=1366&bih=607&dpr=1#wptab=si:APYL9btYRUOLIuw6a13QmWFQV4lYITW3HG1buLqcMVKFiRgZf3T4BIcndjNfxNlxJ9AO5VJgrPzH3hIc-U3JtVUdgxsszEJWZa-FO-nw8QP9xcZqucOFjEYHU07puW84IV2x82rJ9OOw</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == RUTI Joel ni umwana w'umunyarwanda avugako yakuriye mu maboko y'abahanzi gakondo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/136785/ruti-joel-yavuze-uko-ndirimbo-ya-muyango-yabaye-inganzo-kuri-album-ye-136785.html</ref> Indirimbo ze nyinshi zamenyekanye abifashijwemo na Kwanda Music bari bafatanije gusakaza ibihangano byiwe .<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/kwanda-music-sacks-gakondo-star-ruti-joel/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} i73ixk2iotobq8hkqissqrcx6aj22i3 0 17621 149500 144147 2026-11-08T04:29:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inama y’abafite ubumuga ku isi (mu [[icyongereza]]: Global Disability Summit-GDS)''' ni uburyo mpuzamahanga bwashyizweho mu 2017 nyuma y’ibiganiro hagati ya guverinoma y’[[Ubwongereza]] n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga ([[Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga|IDA]]). Inama y’abafite ubumuga ku isi irateganya ko abantu benshi bafite ubumuga bafite ubumuga burambye kandi bushyashya, bambuka imipaka n’ubufatanye bushora imari mu kuzana impinduka zirambye ku bafite ubumuga. GDS ishinzwe kandi guteza imbere ishoramari mu iterambere ry’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi, hibandwa ku bushake ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Itanga uburyo bwihariye kandi bufatika bwo gukusanya ibyifuzo kandi bikwirakwizwa cyane, byingenzi kugirango habeho impinduka nyazo kubantu bafite [[ubumuga]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/content/global-disability-summit |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118232148/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/content/global-disability-summit |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://cbm-global.org/global-disability-summit</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://disabilityrightsfund.org/news/events/global-disability-summit-2022/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118232149/https://disabilityrightsfund.org/news/events/global-disability-summit-2022/ |archive-date=2024-01-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka ya GDS == Inama ya mbere y’abafite ubumuga ku isi yateguwe mu 2018 n’Ubwongereza bw’Ubwongereza na Guverinoma ya [[Irilande]] y'Amajyaruguru, Guverinoma ya [[Kenya]] na [[Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga|IDA]]. Yabereye i Londres mu mwaka wa 2018 kandi ihagarariye ibihe by’amateka y’umuryango w’abafite ubumuga ku isi n’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. Ibirori byahuje abafata ibyemezo byo murwego rwo hejuru hamwe naba nyampinga basanzwe bafite ubumuga, abafatanyabikorwa bakizamuka, n'abaterankunga bashya.<ref>https://www.globaldisabilitysummit.org/pages/global-disability-summit-2018-london-uk</ref><ref>https://www.unfpa.org/events/global-disability-summit-2022</ref> Inama ya kabiri yakiriwe na Guverinoma ya [[Noruveje]], Guverinoma ya [[Gana]] na [[Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga|IDA]]. Yabaye hafi ku ya 16 na 17 Gashyantare 2022, kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 ariko iracyabasha gushingira ku bisubizo byagezweho muri GDS2018 maze ifata ingamba zo hejuru. Abitabiriye inama barenga 7000 barimo abayobozi barenga 100 ku isi (hamwe n’abahagarariye ibihugu birenga 50) bitabiriye iyo nama kandi byashimangiye imihigo mishya kandi ikomeye.<ref>https://www.globaldisabilitysummit.org/pages/global-disability-summit-2022-norway</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/02/16/default-calendar/global-disability-summit-2022</ref> == Intego == * Gukangurira isi yose ubumuga bwiterambere ririmo ibikorwa byubutabazi ahantu hose no kuri buri wese * Kubaka nyirubwite nubushobozi bwa OPDs, cyane cyane mubihugu byisi yepfo kugirango ubashe kwishora mubikorwa byose bijyanye ninzego zibanze n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, nkabafatanyabikorwa bangana * Tanga abafatanyabikorwa ku isi, uturere, ndetse n’igihugu urubuga rwo gukangurira abantu kwiyemeza guhanga udushya, bigira ingaruka, kandi bigera kure ku iterambere ry’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bishingiye ku bafatanyabikorwa benshi, inzira zinyuranye. * Erekana imikorere myiza nibimenyetso biturutse kwisi yose kugirango ushishikarize impinduka kumajyambere yibikorwa byubumuga nibikorwa byubutabazi<ref>https://www.globaldisabilitysummit.org/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] 5i947rstw2gtvar89liy8npw0kzo39f 0 17626 149278 125487 2026-11-07T20:02:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149278 wikitext text/x-wiki == imishimga migari yo gusana ndetse no kwagura imihanda == mubice bitandukanye byigihugu hari ibikorwa remezo byigihugu birimbanyije harimo gukora imihanda ndetse no kuyisana cyangwa kuyivugurura.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240119072814/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25] Mumishinga yagutse iri gukorwa, harimoiyubakwa ryumuhanda wa huye. Minisiteli yibikorwa remezo yanagize uruhare mugusa ibikorwa remezo harimo imihanda yimigenderano.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240119072814/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25] ibikorwa byokubaka imihanda binajyanye no kunoza umutekano wabakoresha umuhanda harimo gusiba ibinogo no kuvugurura ruhurura nindi mirimo yose.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240119072814/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25] ==== indanganuro ==== 1.http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25 2.https://web.archive.org/web/20240119072814/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25 3.https://web.archive.org/web/20240119072814/http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impinduka-zidasanzwe-mu-iterambere-ry-ibikorwa-remezo-mu-myaka-25 3dasxyfhsolbcohoo3z53jo0lnb6pgb 0 17782 149446 117110 2026-11-07T21:34:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gerai Selera Impian Kota Damansara - Wheelchair Ramp.jpg|thumb|wheelchair ramp]] [[Dosiye:Mairie_de_Boinville-le-Gaillard_4.jpg|thumb| Ikibuga cy'abamugaye]] [[Dosiye:Chartres,_Hôtel_Montescot_08_rampe_PMR.jpg|thumb| inzira cy'imukanwa]] [[Dosiye:Boarding ramp Toowong Bus Workshops Dean St Toowong P1400671.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair ramp]] '''Ikibuga cy'abafite ubumuga''' ni indege yegeranye yashyizwemo cyangwa aho kunyura ku ngazi . Ramps yemerera abakoresha [[Wheelchair|igare ryibimuga]], kimwe n'abantu basunika ibimuga, amagare, cyangwa ibindi bintu bifite ibiziga, kugirango byoroshye kubona inyubako, cyangwa kugendagenda hagati yu burebure butandukanye. Ibitambambuga byo kugerwaho birashobora kubanziriza intebe y’abamugaye kandi iboneka mu Bugereki bwa kera. Ibitambambuga bigomba gutegurwa neza kugirango bibe ingirakamaro. Ahantu henshi, amategeko ategeka ubugari ntarengwa n'uburebure ntarengwa. <ref name="ADA, 405">{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2010 |title=405 Ramps |url=http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822083123/http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 |archive-date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=August 23, 2015 |website=2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |publisher=US Department of Justice}}</ref> <ref name="MA, ADA">{{Cite web |title=ADA Wheelchair Ramp Specs |url=http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809111658/http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html |archive-date=2015-08-09 |access-date=2015-08-23 |website=Mobility Advisor}}</ref> == Ibishushanyo mbonera == [[Dosiye:Access_to_the_ramp_in_a_wheelchair.jpg|thumb| Kugera ku murongo wamugaye]] Muri Amerika, Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga risaba ahantu harenga 1:12 ku magare y’ibimuga n’ibimuga kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bucuruzi no mu ruhame rusange, bikora kuri metero 305 ya rampi kuri buri mm 25.4 yo kuzamuka. K'urugero mm 510 kuzamuka bisaba byibura m6.10 mu burebure. Byongeye kandi, ADA igabanya umwanya muremure wa rampi, mbere yo kuruhuka cyangwa guhindukira, kugera kuri m 9.14 . <ref name="ADA, 405">{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2010 |title=405 Ramps |url=http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822083123/http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 |archive-date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=August 23, 2015 |website=2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design |publisher=US Department of Justice}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 "405 Ramps"]. ''2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design''. US Department of Justice. September 15, 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150822083123/http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm#pgfId-1006877 Archived] from the original on August 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="MA, ADA">{{Cite web |title=ADA Wheelchair Ramp Specs |url=http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809111658/http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html |archive-date=2015-08-09 |access-date=2015-08-23 |website=Mobility Advisor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html "ADA Wheelchair Ramp Specs"]. ''Mobility Advisor''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150809111658/http://www.mobility-advisor.com/wheelchair-ramp-specs.html Archived] from the original on 2015-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ibinyabiziga bigenda == Ibinyabiziga nka bisi, gariyamoshi, tagisi, imodoka na [[Wheelchair accessible van|vanseri]] bishobora kuba birimo tapi yorohereza kwinjira no gusohoka kuri bose. Ibi birashobora kuba yubatswe cyangwa bigendanwa. Amasosiyete menshi akomeye atwara ibinyabiziga atangira kugabanyirizwa ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bigendanwa kubinyabiziga bishya. Kugera kuri bisi na tramamu birashobora kuba bikubiyemo gusubira inyuma . == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Adapted_automobile|Imodoka yahinduwe]] * [[:en:Bridge_plate_(mechanism)|Isahani yikiraro (uburyo)]] * [[:en:Curb_cut|Inzira nyabagendwa curb intebe yintebe]] * [[Wheelchair lift|Kuzamura intebe]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] fx4a8m8mnj2jeo8em1ag7tz0kev0ece 0 17877 149235 146676 2026-11-07T19:25:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Curex''' ni isosiyete y'Abanyamerika [[:en:Telehealth|ya telehealth]] izobereye mu [[:en:Immunology|gukingira indwara]], cyane cyane gusuzuma no kuvura [[:en:Allergy|allergie]], harimo kwandika no gutanga immunotherapie ya allergie. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Our Editors Tried Picnic, Curex, & Roman. Here's What They Found - Topdust |url=https://www.topdust.com/picnic-review-2654682602.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.topdust.com |language=en}}</ref> Isosiyete yashinzwe na Gene Kakaulin na Charles Jacoby mu 2020 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ikaba ifite icyicaro mu mujyi [[Amerika|wa New York]] . <ref>https://goodmenproject.com/health/men-no-longer-need-to-suffer-from-allergies-curex-review/</ref> Curex itanga urubuga rusanzwe ruhuza abarwayi n'abaganga kugirango bita allergie. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larsen |first=Rebecca |date=2023-12-08 |title=Is allergy immunotherapy the best way to treat cedar and other allergies? Curex has the answer |url=https://azbigmedia.com/lifestyle/is-allergy-immunotherapy-the-best-way-to-treat-cedar-and-other-allergies-curex-has-the-answer/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=AZ Big Media |language=en-US}}</ref> == Incamake == Igitekerezo cya Curex cyashinzwe mu 2020 na Gene Kakaulin na Charles Jacoby, cyatewe nubunararibonye n’abashinze [[:en:Allergy_shots|amashoti ya allergie]] na allergie. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-13 |title=Curex: Crafting the Future of Allergy Relief in 2023 |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/marketplace/curex-crafting-the-future-of-allergy-relief-in-2023/article_c28fd940-69f3-11ee-bde2-777300d6bfe0.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=San Francisco Examiner |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122172647/https://www.sfexaminer.com/marketplace/curex-crafting-the-future-of-allergy-relief-in-2023/article_c28fd940-69f3-11ee-bde2-777300d6bfe0.html |archive-date=2024-01-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ubunararibonye bwabo butuma bashiraho Curex, urubuga rwa telemedisine rwagenewe kwita kuri allergie. <ref name=":02" /> Ibikorwa bya Curex bikubiyemo umuyoboro mugihugu hose wabaganga ba allergie nabaforomo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Are allergy shots worth it? A review of Curex's Efforts to Lower Costs |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/are-allergy-shots-worth-it-a-review-of-curexs-efforts-to-lower-costs/ar-AA1ju7D4 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=MSN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122172625/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Oe-yIknmE5kJ:https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/are-allergy-shots-worth-it-a-review-of-curexs-efforts-to-lower-costs/ar-AA1ju7D4&hl=en&gl=us |archive-date=2024-01-22 |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=How Telehealth Is Making Allergy Immunotherapy More Accessible: Insights from Curex |url=https://techduffer.com/how-telehealth-is-making-allergy-immunotherapy-more-accessible-insights-from-curex/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126103221/https://techduffer.com/how-telehealth-is-making-allergy-immunotherapy-more-accessible-insights-from-curex/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Curex ikubiyemo kandi serivisi ya farumasi itumiza imeri itanga allergie immunotherapie hamwe nindi miti yandikiwe murugo rwabarwayi. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Undark |date=2023-08-09 |title=Virtual Clinics Embrace Allergy Drops as an Alternative to Shots |url=https://undark.org/2023/08/09/virtual-allergy-clinics-embrace-drops-over-shots/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Undark Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete yibanze cyane ni kuvura [[:en:Environmental_allergies|allergie isanzwe y’ibidukikije]], harimo ibiti, ibyatsi, na allergie y’ibyatsi; imbwa, injangwe, nizindi allergie; na allergie yo murugo nkiziterwa na mite na mite. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Can At-Home Sublingual Allergy Immunotherapy Provide Better Outcomes Than Allergy Shots? Curex Shares Data |url=https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/46870/20231102/can-at-home-sublingual-allergy-immunotherapy-provide-better-outcomes-than-allergy-shots-curex-shares-data.htm}}</ref> Curex kandi ivura abarwayi bafite asima na [[:en:Atopic_dermatitis|dermatite ya atopic]] ( [[:en:Eczema|eczema]] ), ibintu bibiri bijyanye na allergie. <ref name=":22" /> Curex itanga serivisi zo gusuzuma allergie kandi yorohereza gupima allergie [[:en:Immunoglobulin_E|ya IgE]] hamwe na ImmunoCAP, tekinoroji ya FDA, isaba gukuramo amaraso murugo na phlebotomiste cyangwa muri laboratoire. Byongeye kandi, Curex itanga igipimo cyamaraso IgE ukoresheje wenyine, ibikoresho byemewe bya CLIA. <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-23 |title=What to Know Before You Sign Up to Get Cheap, Easy Meds Online |url=https://www.menshealth.com/health/a39327313/online-allergy-acne-hair-loss-depression-medicine/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Men's Health |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-21 |title=Can Immunotherapy Eliminate Your Allergies? We Asked The Experts |url=https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/can-immunotherapy-eliminate-your-allergies-we-asked-the-experts |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=mindbodygreen |language=en}}</ref> Curex yashyizeho amasezerano nabatanga ubwishingizi bukomeye nka [[:en:Aetna|Aetna]], [[:en:Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_Association|Blue Cross Blue Shield]], Anthem, United, na [[:en:Humana|Humana]] . <ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Strong |first=Rebecca |title=How Curex's at-home allergy testing and immunotherapy treatment could help you manage environmental allergies |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/at-home-allergy-testing |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Chet Tharpe akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuvuzi muri sosiyete. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=If You Notice This After Taking Benadryl, Call Your Doctor |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/notice-taking-benadryl-call-doctor-123300945.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Yahoo |archive-date=2021-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930182347/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/notice-taking-benadryl-call-doctor-123300945.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] qc10ym0948yrr72cmjlw5u5k8sthr79 0 17901 149320 146907 2026-11-07T20:21:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laundroid''' yari [[:en:Laundry-folding_machine|imashini imesa imyenda]] hamwe na [[:en:Home_robot|robot yo murugo]], yakoreshwaga mu [[:en:Washing_machine|guhita yoza (Kumesa)]], [[:en:Clothes_dryer|yumye (kumisha)]], [[icyuma]], gutondekanya no kuzinga imyenda kugeza mu [[:en:Closet|kabati]] kabigenewe. Yiswe [[:en:Folding_machine#Clothes_folder|robot ya mbere y’imyenda yo kumesa]] ku isi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet 'Laundroid' — the world's first laundry folding robot |url=https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/03/28/meet-laundroid--the-worlds-first-laundry-folding-robot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827185758/https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/03/28/meet-laundroid--the-worlds-first-laundry-folding-robot.html |archive-date=2021-08-27 |access-date=2021-08-27 |website=CNBC}}</ref> kandi byari biteganijwe ko izabanza kugurishwa mu Buyapani, hanyuma, ku mubare muto, muri Amerika. Itariki yo gusohora yashyizwe muri 2017, mbere yo gutumiza guhera muri Werurwe 2017. == Imikorere == Sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha amashusho hamwe namaboko ya robo yatwaye iminota 3 kugeza 10 yo gutoranya no kuzinga buri kintu, cyangwa ijoro ryose kugirango umutwaro wo kumesa. == Amateka == Laundroid yatangijwe bwa mbere kandi yerekanwe mu imurikagurisha rya elegitoroniki ry’abaguzi [[:en:Combined_Exhibition_of_Advanced_Technologies|rya CEATEC]] 2015 ryabereye i [[Tokyo|Tokiyo]], mu Buyapani. Yatejwe imbere na [[:en:Daiwa_House|Daiwa Inzu]], [[:en:Panasonic|Panasonic]], na Inzozi zirindwi. Mu Gushyingo 2016, Indoto zirindwi zatangaje ko zabonye miliyoni 60 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu gutera inkunga Series B iyobowe na Panasonic Corp., Daiwa House Industry Co, na SBI ishoramari <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2016 |title=Laundroid Laundry-Folding Robot Maker Raises $60M |url=http://www.roboticstrends.com/article/laundroid_laundry_folding_robot_maker_raises_60m |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929175727/https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/rbr/laundroid_laundry_folding_robot_maker_raises_60m/ |archive-date=2022-09-29 |access-date=2016-11-19 |publisher=[[Robotics Trend]]}}</ref> Imashini za mbere zashoboraga gusa kuzinga imyenda yo [[:en:Closet|gufunga]], ariko ibicuruzwa byanyuma - gukaraba neza, gukama no kubika - byari biteganijwe gusohoka muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Craine |first=Tatiana |date=11 October 2015 |title=Laundroid, the Laundry-Folding Robot, Is Your New Favorite Time-Saving Invention |url=https://www.inverse.com/article/6928-laundroid-the-laundry-folding-robot-is-your-new-favorite-invention |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120004547/https://www.inverse.com/article/6928-laundroid-the-laundry-folding-robot-is-your-new-favorite-invention |archive-date=2016-11-20 |access-date=2016-11-19 |publisher=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heater |first=Brian |title=And Then There's Laundroid, The Laundry Folding Robot |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/123219/20160110/laundroid.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929175724/https://www.techtimes.com/articles/123219/20160110/laundroid.htm |archive-date=2022-09-29 |access-date=2016-11-18 |publisher=[[Tech Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Jenny |date=5 October 2016 |title=Laundry-folding robot may take hours, but at least you don't have to fold laundry |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/home/the-laundroid-is-a-laundry-folding-robot/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064258/http://www.digitaltrends.com/home/the-laundroid-is-a-laundry-folding-robot/ |archive-date=2016-11-19 |access-date=2016-11-18 |publisher=[[Digital Trends]]}}</ref> Ku ya 23 Mata 2019, Inzozi zirindwi zatangaje ko zahombye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Dami |date=2019-04-23 |title=The company behind the $16,000 AI-powered laundry-folding robot has filed for bankruptcy |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/23/18512529/laundroid-laundry-folding-robot-seven-dreamers-bankrupt-ces |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807181954/https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/23/18512529/laundroid-laundry-folding-robot-seven-dreamers-bankrupt-ces |archive-date=2019-08-07 |access-date=2019-08-07 |website=The Verge}}</ref> Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku nguzanyo Teikoku Databank kivuga ko bari bafite amadeni miliyoni 20 y’amadeni 200. == Reba ibindi == * [[:en:Ironing|Ironing]] * [[:en:FoldiMate|FoldiMate]] * [[:en:Domestic_robots|Domestic robots]] * [[:en:Home_automation|Home automation]] * [[:en:Combo_washer_dryer|Combo washer dryer]] == Shakisha == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] rysy0niku0bwagquyaryeygzlp64a08 0 17912 149245 148095 2026-11-07T19:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dustbot_Demo_Pontedera_001.jpg|thumb|right|Irobo za Dustbot.]] '''Dustbot''' yari [[:en:Robot|robot]] prototype yakusanyaga imyanda mumazu no mumihanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2009 |title=Tomy Dustbot: The original floor cleaning robot |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/01/22/tomy-dustbot-the-original-floor-cleaning-robot/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214160920/https://techcrunch.com/2009/01/22/tomy-dustbot-the-original-floor-cleaning-robot/ |archive-date=2022-02-14 |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> Irashobora guhamagarwa no guhamagara kuri terefone cyangwa [[:en:SMS|SMS]], hanyuma igakoresha [[:en:Global_Positioning_System|GPS]] kugirango ihite igana inzira kubakiriya, gukusanya imyanda, no kuyijyana mu mukungugu. Byongeye kandi, Dustbots yatwaye ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije kugirango ikurikirane urugero rw’umwanda, urugero, agace k’abanyamaguru. Prototypes zapimwe mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], muri [[Suwede]], muri [[:en:Korea|Koreya]] no [[Ubuyapani|mu Buyapani]] . Launch yari iteganijwe muri 2009, ariko iheruka gukoreshwa kurubuga rwayo kuva 2011. Umushinga wa Dustbot watewe inkunga na [[:en:European_Commission|komisiyo yu Burayi]] kandi ntabwo wigeze utangiza nkibicuruzwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dustbot - a robot designed to clean up our streets (w/video) |url=https://www.nanowerk.com/news2/robotics/newsid=30258.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214161050/https://www.nanowerk.com/news2/robotics/newsid=30258.php |archive-date=2022-02-14 |access-date=2022-02-14 |publisher=www.nanowerk.com}}</ref> == Tekiniki == Dustbot ikoresha ahantu hatandukanye kandi ikoresha inzira [[:en:Global_Positioning_System|ya GPS]] <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |last=Duncan Kennedy |date=29 May 2009 |title=Dustbot the street cleaning robot |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/8072619.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016100245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/8072619.stm |archive-date=16 October 2019 |access-date=8 June 2009 |publisher=[[BBC]] World News}}</ref> ihujwe namakarita yabanje kwipakurura. <ref name="TG">{{Cite web |last=Emma Woollacott |date=29 May 2009 |title=Robot garbage cart set to hit Italian streets |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/42637/135/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602115635/http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/42637/135 |archive-date=2 June 2009 |access-date=8 June 2009 |publisher=TG Daily}}</ref> Ikoresha [[:en:Gyroscope|giroscope]] kugirango igumane neza, kandi ifite sensor ya ultrasonic, infragre na laser kugirango wirinde kugongana nimbogamizi zihamye kandi zifite imbaraga. <ref name="BBC" /> [[Dosiye:Dustbot_4.jpg|thumb|right|irobo ya Dustbot irigukora.]] Irashobora gukurikirana [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|umwanda]] ikoresheje ibyuma byinshi byangiza ikirere, <ref name="TG2">{{Cite web |last=Emma Woollacott |date=29 May 2009 |title=Robot garbage cart set to hit Italian streets |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/42637/135/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602115635/http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/42637/135 |archive-date=2 June 2009 |access-date=8 June 2009 |publisher=TG Daily}}</ref> <ref name="DustCart air monitoring ICRA Workshop">{{Cite web |last=Gabriele Ferri |last2=Alessio Mondini |last3=Alessandro Manzi |last4=Barbara Mazzolai |last5=Cecilia Laschi |last6=Virgilio Mattoli |last7=Matteo Reggente |last8=Todor Stoyanov |last9=Achim J. Lilienthal |date=May 2010 |title=DustCart, a Mobile Robot for Urban Environments: Experiments of Pollution Monitoring and Mapping during Autonomous Navigation in Urban Scenarios |url=http://www.aass.oru.se/Research/mro/publications/Ferri_etal_2010-ICRA_WS10-DustCart_Mobile_Robot_Urban_Environments_Experiments_Pollution_Monitoring_Mapping_Urban_Scenarios.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234352/http://www.aass.oru.se/Research/mro/publications/Ferri_etal_2010-ICRA_WS10-DustCart_Mobile_Robot_Urban_Environments_Experiments_Pollution_Monitoring_Mapping_Urban_Scenarios.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date= |publisher=Proceedings of International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010) Workshop on Networked and Mobile Robot Olfaction in Natural, Dynamic Environments}}</ref> kandi irashobora kuburira niba urwego ruri hejuru cyane. <ref name="STOCK">{{Cite web |last=David Jonasson |date=23 May 2009 |title=Robots to sweep the streets |url=http://www.stockholmnews.com/more.aspx?NID=3280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527122432/http://www.stockholmnews.com/more.aspx?NID=3280 |archive-date=27 May 2009 |access-date=8 June 2009 |publisher=Stockholm News}}</ref> Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane kubijyanye na gaze abantu badashobora kumva cyangwa mugihe hagomba kugenzurwa igihe kirekire guhura nubushakashatsi bwiyongereyeho gato. <ref name="Airborne_Chemical_Sensing_Review">{{Cite web |last=Achim J. Lilienthal |last2=Amy Loutfi |last3=Tom Duckett |date=October 1, 2006 |title=Airborne Chemical Sensing with Mobile Robots |url=http://aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Lilienthal_etal_2006-Sensors-Airborne_Chemical_Sensing_Review.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413132555/http://www.aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Lilienthal_etal_2006-Sensors-Airborne_Chemical_Sensing_Review.html |archive-date=April 13, 2009 |access-date= |publisher=}}</ref> Ikwirakwizwa rya gaze ryerekanwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwibarurishamibare. <ref name="Building_GDMs">{{Cite web |last=Achim J. Lilienthal |last2=Tom Duckett |date=August 31, 2004 |title=Building Gas Concentration Gridmaps with a Mobile Robot |url=http://aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Lilienthal_Duckett_2004-RAS-Building_Gas_Concentration_Gridmaps_with_a_Mobile_Robot.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411195056/http://www.aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Lilienthal_Duckett_2004-RAS-Building_Gas_Concentration_Gridmaps_with_a_Mobile_Robot.html |archive-date=April 11, 2009 |access-date= |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="SGPM_GDMs">{{Cite web |last=Cyrill Stachniss |last2=Christian Plagemann |last3=Achim J. Lilienthal |date=April 2009 |title=Learning Gas Distribution Models Using Sparse Gaussian Process Mixtures |url=http://aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Stachniss_etal_2009-AuRo-Learning_Gas_Distribution_Models_using_Sparse_Gaussian_Process_Mixtures.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024201855/http://www.aass.oru.se/Research/Learning/publications/Stachniss_etal_2009-AuRo-Learning_Gas_Distribution_Models_using_Sparse_Gaussian_Process_Mixtures.html |archive-date=2010-10-24 |access-date= |publisher=}}</ref> Imashini ebyiri za DustCart zoherejwe mu mudugudu wa Peccioli, muri Tuscany, kuva ku ya 15 Kamena 2010, kugeza ku ya 7 Kanama 2010, zitanga "urugi ku nzu gukusanya imyanda itandukanye bisabwe". Sisitemu wasangaga yoroshye kuyikoresha, itanga serivisi ishimishije no kongera gutunganya ibicuruzwa. Raporo yakozwe na Nicola Canelli yerekanye mu nama y'Inama ya ICT 2010 yabereye i Bruxelles, ku ya 27 Nzeri, 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaping Europe's digital future &#124; Shaping Europe's digital future |url=http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/events/cf/ict2010/document.cfm?doc_id=14608 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016100259/https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/events/cf/ict2010/document.cfm?doc_id=14608 |archive-date=2019-10-16 |access-date=2014-06-02}}</ref> Guhera ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017, umushinga urasa naho warangiye; haracyariho, urupapuro rwa Dustbot ruri kumurongo kugeza nuyu munsi, ivugurura "amakuru" yanyuma bigaragara ko ryakozwe muri 2011. Hariho kandi ibyerekeranye n'umushinga mu kiganiro cyatanzwe na Paolo Dario mu mahugurwa mpuzamahanga yerekeye Autonomics and Legal Implications (Berlin, 2 Ugushyingo 2012). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Autonomous Systems and Robot Companions |url=https://www.jura.uni-wuerzburg.de/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Autonomous_Systems_and_Robot_Companions_-_Dario_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235042/https://www.jura.uni-wuerzburg.de/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/Autonomous_Systems_and_Robot_Companions_-_Dario_05.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-14 |access-date=2017-11-10 |publisher=www.jura.uni-wuerzburg.de}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Comparison_of_domestic_robots|Comparison of domestic robots]] * [[:en:Domestic_robot|Domestic robot]] * [[:en:List_of_home_automation_topics|List of home automation topics]] * [[:en:List_of_vacuum_cleaners|List of vacuum cleaners]] * [[:en:Robotic_mapping|Robotic mapping]] * [[:en:Robotics_suite|Robotics suite]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] rjcb9d6rrhv6ja1k53oq8ksqb0bzl83 0 17916 149341 103141 2026-11-07T20:47:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ProjectionKeyboard_2.jpg|thumb| Mwandikisho ya projection]] '''Projection ya clavier''' n'uburyo bw'igikoresho cyinjiza mudasobwa aho ishusho ya clavier isanzwe iteganijwe hejuru, iyo umukoresha akoresha ku buso butwikiriwe n'ishusho y'urufunguzo, igikoresho gikoresha urufunguzo cyandika. Bamwe bahuza ibikoresho bya Bluetooth, harimo byinshi bya terefone igezweho, tablet, hamwe na mini-PC hamwe na sisitemu y'imikorere ya Android, iOS cyangwa na Windows. == Amateka == Mwandikisho ya y'insakazamashusho yahimbwe kandi ihabwa patenti naba injeniyeri ba IBM mu mwaka 1992. Ihitamo neza inasesengura imigendekere y'intoki z'abantu, ikanabisobanura nk'ibikorwa ku gikoresho cy'injiza kidahari nk'ubuso bufite urufunguzo rusize irangi cyangwa rugaragazwa. Muri ubwo buryo, irashobora kwigana ubwoko butagira imipaka bw'ibikoresho byinjiza intoki (nk'imbeba, clavier, n'ibindi bikoresho). Ibikoresho byinjiza bishobora gusimburwa nibikoresho nkibi, birashoboka ko byashyirwa mu bikorwa bya porogaramu yihariye no kuri physiologiya y'umukoresha, bikomeza umuvuduko, ubworoherane, hamwe no kudasobanuka kw'amakuru winjiza. Mu mwaka 2002, isosiyete yatangije Canesta yakoze clavier ya projection ikoresheje "tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki." Isosiyete yaje guha ikoranabuhanga Celluon yo muri Koreya. Ni sisitemu yatanzwe bitwa P-ISM ihuza ikoranabuhanga na progaramu ntoya ya videwo yo gutangiza cyangwa gukora mudasobwa igendanwa ingana n'ikaramu ya fountain . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WAVE Report |url=http://www.wave-report.com/other-html-files/P-ISM%202.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225205520/http://www.wave-report.com/other-html-files/P-ISM%202.htm |archive-date=2010-02-25 |access-date=2018-07-12 |website=www.wave-report.com}}</ref> == Igishushanyo == [[Dosiye:Laser-keyboard.jpg|thumb| Mwandikisho ya laser projection ikoreshwa hamwe na tablet]] Laser cyangwa beamer imishinga igaragara ya clavier igaragara k'urwego rwo hejuru. Nibikoresho bigezweho. Rukuruzi cyangwa kamera m'umushinga ufata urutoki . Porogaramu ihindura imirongo kugira ngo imenye ibikorwa cyangwa inyuguti. Ibikoresho bimwe byerekana isegonda (itagaragara ya infragre ) hejuru ya clavier isanzwe. Urutoki rw'umukoresha rukora k'urufunguzo kuri mwandikisho isanzwe. Ibi bimena cyangwa rukananiza urumuri rwa infrared kandi bikagaragaza urumuri rugaruka k'umushinga cyangwa kugikorwa nyirizina. Ikigaragaza urwo rumuri kinyura muyungurura ya infragre kuri kamera. Kamera ifotora inguni y'umucyo winjira. Chip ya sensor igena aho urumuri rwa infragre rwacitse. Porogaramu igena ibikorwa cyangwa imiterere igomba gukorwa. Igishushanyo kiboneka mu ntambwe enye zingenzi kandi binyuze m'uburyo butatu, module ya projection, sensor module na illumination module. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ubuhanga bukoreshwa m'ugushushanya ishusho n'ibintu bitandukanya, diode itukura ya laser, chip ya sensor ya CMOS hamwe na diode ya infragre (IR). === Icyitegererezo === Inyandiko rugero yakozwe na progaramu idasanzwe kandi ikora neza cyane ya projection hamwe na laser itukura ya diode hejuru y'imbere. <ref name="iTech">{{Cite web |title=The iTech Virtual Keyboard |url=http://www.vkb-support.com/learn_more.php/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305113130/http://www.vkb-support.com/learn_more.php/ |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |access-date=2010-03-31}}</ref> Inyandiko rugero ntabwo ariko igira uruhare mubikorwa byo gutahura. == Ubundi buryo == Usibye gukoreshwa gusa kugira ngo wandike, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za lazeri zirashobora gukora nk'imbeba isanzwe ikoreshwa na mudasobwa cyangwa ndetse nka piyano isanzwe, nka iKeybo iterwa inkunga n'abantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Higareda |first=Desiree |date=2016-11-29 |title=This Magic Box Turns Any Surface Into A Virtual Keyboard Or Piano |url=https://www.snapmunk.com/virtual-keyboard-virtual-piano-ikeybo-kickstarter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712220233/https://www.snapmunk.com/virtual-keyboard-virtual-piano-ikeybo-kickstarter/ |archive-date=2018-07-12 |access-date=2016-12-16 |website=SnapMunk}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} 81shfquwazhtvwkczamj5l5e4ccihnw 0 17955 149499 109882 2026-11-08T04:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ear_trumpet.jpg|right|thumb| Igishushanyo cyo mu kinyejana cya 18 cy'impanda y'ugutwi.]] '''Impanda yo gutwi''' n'igikoresho cyangwa itiyo rimeze nka feri gikusanya imiraba y'ijwi ikabayobora mu matwi . Zikoreshwa nk'imfashanyigisho [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|zifasha mu kumva]], bikavamo gushimangira imbaraga z'ijwi bityo bigatuma habaho kunoza kumva ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva cyangwa batumva neza. Impanda zo mu matwi zikozwe mu cyuma, ifeza, ibiti, ibishishwa by'amahwa cyangwa amahembe y'inyamaswa . Byasimbuwe ahanini mu bice bikize ku isi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwumva kw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva cyane kandi ridahwitse, nubwo rihenze cyane. Impanda y'ijwi ntabwo yongerera ijwi. Ifata amajwi yakiriwe ahantu hanini kandi ikayashyira mugace gato. Ijwi ryakiriwe riranguruye, ariko nta mbaraga zakozwe mubikorwa. == Amateka == Gukoresha impanda zo mugutwi kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva igice cyatangiye mu kinyejana cya 17. <ref name="autogenerated3">Howard, Alexander. "Hearing Aids: Smaller and Smarter." New York Times, November 26, 1998.</ref> Ibisobanuro bya mbere byerekana impanda y'amatwi byatanzwe n'umupadiri w'Abayezuwiti n’umunyamibare Jean Leurechon mu gitabo cye ''Recreations mathématiques'' (1634). Polymath Athanasius Kircher nawe yasobanuye igikoresho gisa nacyo mu mwaka 1650. [[Dosiye:Rein_hearing_aid_catalog.jpg|left|thumb| Urutonde rwa Frederick Rein Ltd., rwerekana ibishushanyo mbonera byo mu kinyejana cya 19.]] [[Dosiye:F_Rein_Pair_Miniature_Ear_Trumpets.jpg|thumb| Impanda ebyiri z'umuringa 'bugle' impanda zo gutwi zahimbwe n'inzobere mu by'amatwi, izuru n'umuhogo Jean Pierre Bonnafont (1805–1891) kandi yakozwe na Frederick C. Rein & Son. Byaremewe kwambara munsi yumusatsi. Kwerekanwa mu nzu ndangamurage y'ubumenyi London: Ubuvuzi: Ikaze neza.]] Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, imikoreshereze yabo yarushagaho kuba rusange. Impanda z'ugutwi zishobora gukorwa n'abakora ibikoresho k'umurongo umwe kubakiriya runaka. Abanyamideli bazwi cyane muri kiriya gihe bakoze Impanda ya Townsend yakozwe n'umwarimu ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva John Townshend, Impanda ya Reynolds yubatswe cyane cyane ku marangi Joshua Reynolds n'Impanda ya Daubeney. [[Dosiye:Oticon hearing aids receiver in the ear.jpg|thumb|hearing tools]] Uruganda rwa mbere rwatangiye gukora ubucuruzi bw'impanda y'amatwi rwashinzwe na Frederick C. Rein i Londres mu mwaka 1800. Usibye gukora impanda zo m'ugutwi, Rein yanagurishije abafana bumva no kuvuza amajwi . Ibi bikoresho byafashaga kwibanda ku mbaraga z'ijwi, mu gihe byari bitakiri byoroshye. Nyamara, ibyo bikoresho muri rusange byari binini kandi byagombaga gushyigikirwa k'umubiri uhereye hepfo. Nyuma, y'impanda ntoya, ifata intoki n'amatwi yakoreshejwe nk'imfashanyigisho ikoreshwa kubafite ubumuga bwo kutumva. <ref name="autogenerated1">Levitt, H. "Digital hearing aids: wheelbarrows to ear inserts." ASHA Leader 12, no. 17 (December 26, 2007): 28-30.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated4">Mills, Mara. “When Mobile Communication Technologies Were New.” Endeavour 33 (December 2009): 140-146.</ref> * [[Dosiye:Vintage Beltone Behind-The-Ear (BTE) Transistor Hearing Aids, Made In USA, Left - Minuet (Mod II) (Circa 1958), Center - Companion (Circa 1962), Right - Jubilee (Circa 1960) (27385837689).jpg|thumb]]Rein kandi yahawe inshingano yo gutegura intebe idasanzwe ya acoustic y'Umwami w'igihugu cya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] wari ufie uburwayi, John VI wa Porutugali mu mwaka 1819. Intebe y'ubwami yari ikozwe n'amaboko ashushanyijeho asa n'iminwa ifunguye y'intare. Kandi ibyo byobo byakoraga nk'ahantu ho kwakirwa na acoustics, byanyujijwe inyuma y'intebe hakoreshejwe umuyoboro uvuga, no mu gutwi k'umwami. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Concealed Hearing Devices of the 19th Century |url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/did/19thcent/part2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117091939/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/did/19thcent/part2.htm |archive-date=2014-01-17}}</ref> Amaherezo, mu mpera z'umwaka 1800, ihembe rya acoustic, ryari umuyoboro ufite impande ebyiri, cone yafashe amajwi, amaherezo ikorwa kugira ngo ihuze n'ugutwi. <ref name="autogenerated3">Howard, Alexander. "Hearing Aids: Smaller and Smarter." New York Times, November 26, 1998.</ref> Johann Nepomuk Mälzel yatangiye gukora impanda zo m'ugutwi mu mwaka 1810. Yagaragaje cyangwa yibanda cyane ku impanda zo gutwi kwa Ludwig van Beethoven, wari utangiye kutumva icyo gihe. Kuri ubu bibitswe mu nzu ndangamurage ya Beethoven i Bonn . [[Dosiye:Madame_de_Meuron.jpg|right|thumb| Madame de Meuron wakoresheje impanda yo gutwi]] Ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, ibyuma byumva byihishe byarushijeho gukundwa. Rein yakoze ibintu n'ubuhanga bwinshi bugaragara, harimo n'igitambaro cyo mu mutwe cyitwa acoustic ', aho ibikoresho bifasha kumva byari bihishe mu buhanga mu musatsi cyangwa mu mutwe. ''Terefone ya Aurolese'' ya Reins yari igitambaro cyo m'umutwe, gikozwe mu buryo butandukanye, cyarimo ibyuma bikusanya amajwi hafi y'ugutwi bigateza imbere acoustics. Imfashanyigisho z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva nazo zari zihishe mu bindi bintu, imyenda, n'ibikoresho. Iyi gahunda iganisha ku kutagaragara kwinshi wasangaga akenshi ihisha rubanda ubumuga bw'umuntu kuruta gufasha umuntu gukemura ikibazo cyo kumuvura. <ref name="autogenerated4">Mills, Mara. “When Mobile Communication Technologies Were New.” Endeavour 33 (December 2009): 140-146.</ref> FC Rein n'Umuhungu wo m'ubwongereza barangije ibikorwa byo gukora impanda yo mu matwi mu mwaka 1963, nk'isosiyete ya mbere n'iya nyuma y'ubwoko bwayo. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation ikenewe</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ihembe rya Pinard == [[Dosiye:Pinardhorn.jpg|thumb| Ihembe ry'ibiti rya Pinard.]] Ihembe rya Pinard ni ubwoko bwa stethoscope ikoreshwa n'ababyaza ibikozwe bimeze kimwe niby'impanda y'ugutwi. N'ibiti bikozwe mu giti bigera kuri santimetero 8. Umubyaza akanda ku iherezo ry'ihembe ku nda y'umugore utwite kugira ngo akurikirane uko umutima umeze yumva. Amahembe ya Pinard yavumbuwe mu gihugu cy'Ubufaransa mu kinyejana cya 19, <ref>{{Cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/childbirthauthor0000unse/page/360 360]}}</ref> kandi n'ubu aracyakoreshwa ahantu henshi ku isi. == Reba kandi == * Cochlear yatewe * [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|Imfashanyo yo kumva]] * Amateka y'imfashanyo mu kumva * Stethoscope == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} h69dhwuntelgehkzah8gvxnpa5qpmud 0 18019 149264 145094 2026-11-07T19:47:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149264 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo nderabuzima cya ruhunda ni kimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu karere ka Rwamagana, iki kigo cyubatswe ahasaga 1986 kikaba giherereye mu murenge wa Gashari. mukagari ka ruhunda mumudugudu wa nyagahinga ikikigo Kandi kikaba gifite nibitaro bita materinete bifasha abadamu kubyara ndetse nizindi serivise zigiye zitandukanye <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-date=2022-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623181155/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == kuva muri 1986 iki kigo cyatangiye kwakira abarwayi batandukanye baturukaga mu mirenge igikikije dore ko aricyo cyari cyegereye abaturage bo mu mirenge ya Gishari na Munyiginya. kubere ubwinshi bw' abasaba serivisi z' ubuzima icyo kigo cyashyiho amavuriro y' ingoboka yo kugifasha gutanga izo serivisi. <ref>https://twitter.com/RwamaganaDistr/status/969501506637623296</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}3.https://web.archive.org/web/20220623181155/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda nfxxup1g2z9a9hj3w0as0cu6h7edy8x 0 18162 149507 147532 2026-11-08T05:39:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb|Ikawa]] [[Dosiye:Green Kigali.jpg|thumb|karekezi ni umunyarwandakazi uvuka mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Karekezi Angelique''' ni umuyobozi mukuru wa RWASHOSCCO LTD, u [[Rwanda]] Ruto Ruto Rwihariye rwa Kawa Abahinzi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/178746/News/featured-root-capital-donates-covid-19-preventive-materials-worth-over-rwf-65m-to-coffee-farmers</ref><ref>https://melbournecoffeemerchants.com.au/meet-angelique-karekezi/</ref><ref>https://www.baristamagazine.com/10-minutes-with-angelique-karekezi/</ref><ref>https://daughtersofafricablog.wordpress.com/2016/09/23/lets-talk-coffee-with-angelique-karekezi/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kaffee-kooperative.de/staff/angelique-karekezi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330111052/https://kaffee-kooperative.de/staff/angelique-karekezi/ |archive-date=2024-03-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Akazi == [[Dosiye:RWAMAGANA Coffee Monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kigaragaza abahinzi b'ikawa]] Mu mwaka wa 2008, Angelique yavuye mu micungire y’imari aba umuyobozi mukuru wa Rwashoscco aho ari ubu, atwara icyerekezo rusange cy’isosiyete yo kwamamaza, guteka no kohereza ikawa yihariye y’u Rwanda. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Rwashoscco, Angelique yagiye akora imirimo itandukanye mu makoperative y’ikawa kandi akora iterambere ry’ubuhanga ry’amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi b’ikawa mu mushinga wa SPREAD USAID guhera mu 2003.<ref name=":0">http://www.rwashoscco.com/staff/angelique-karekezi/</ref> [[Dosiye:Coffee plantation, Kauaʻi 59.jpg|center|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'ikawa]] == Amashuri == Angelique afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Business Administration mu bukungu kandi ni na perezida w’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ikawa w’abagore mu Rwanda Umutwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] hx2f1nybi2pn2c6wfqkufg2jkg0g20a 0 18326 149447 146493 2026-11-07T21:36:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wizkid at Iyanya's album launch concert, 2013 (Cropped).png|thumb]] Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun (wavutse ku wa 16 Nyakanga 1990),<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131113000914/http://www.mtvbase.com/music/artists/wizkid/</ref> uzwi cyane ku izina rya Wizkid, ni umuhanzi n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo wo muri [[Nijeriya]]. Yavukiye mu gace ka Ojuelegba ko muri Surulere, <ref>https://punchng.com/wizkid-changes-instagram-name-to-big-wiz/</ref>Lagos, kandi abarwa mu majwi akomeye y’itsinda riri kuzamuka rya Afrobeats. Umuziki we uvanga injyana za Afrobeats, afropop, R&B, afrobeat, reggae, dancehall na pop. Yatangiye gufata umuziki afite imyaka 11, asohora album yakoranye n’itsinda ry’umuziki rya Glorious Five, yashinze we n’inshuti ze zo mu rusengero. <ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/did-the-weeknd-jack-wizkids-name-for-his-new-album-starboy/113095</ref>Mu 2009, Wizkid yasinyanye amasezerano na Empire Mates Entertainment (E.M.E) ya Banky W. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gusohora indirimbo ''Holla at Your Boy'', yari indirimbo iyoboye album ye ya mbere ya studio ''Superstar'' (2011), yakurikiwe n’izindi ndirimbo zakunzwe nka ''Tease Me/Bad Guys'' na ''Don’t Dull''<ref>https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/wizkid-afrobeats-interview-spurs-stadium-3469896</ref> == Life and music career == === 1990–2010:Ubuzima bwo hambere === Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun yavutse ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1990, avukira Ojuelegba, Surulere, Lagos. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Yarerewe mu rugo rwo kwemera mu madini atandukanye, akurana na bashiki be cumi na babiri. Nyina yari Umukristo w'Umupentekote naho se yari umusiramu. <ref name="RCA Records Bio">{{Cite web |title=Wizkid Biography |url=https://creebhills.com/2021/01/wizkid-net-worth-and-biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425120113/https://creebhills.com/2021/01/wizkid-net-worth-and-biography/ |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 |publisher=RCA Records}}</ref> Wizkid yize Ijebu Ode Grammar School . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> <ref name="RCA Records Bio" /> Yakuze yumva King Sunny Ade, Fela Kuti na Bob Marley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Mu kiganiro yagiranye na radiyo na Tim Westwood mu 2012, yavuze ko "se afite abagore batatu". <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Mu kindi kiganiro twagiranye na Adesope wo muri Factor 78 TV, Wizkid yavuze ko yashinze itsinda ryitwa Glorious Five hamwe n’inshuti ze Basenganaga . <ref name="YouTube">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2011 |title=Factory78 Exclusive – Wizkid interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDzUmKKp1E8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217012049/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDzUmKKp1E8 |archive-date=17 February 2014 |access-date=27 October 2013 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Bashoboye gusohora alubumu mbere yo guseswa. Wizkid yaitwaga '''Lil Prinz''' muriryo Tsinda kugeza mu2006 <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2010 |title=Wizkid - Gidi Girl |url=http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922222803/http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |archive-date=22 September 2016 |access-date=7 May 2016 |publisher=Olamild Ent}}</ref> yaje Gahura [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OJB_Jezreel OJB Jezreel] Utunganya imiziki Amubuza gukora indirimbo muburyo bwo gufata amajwi mugihe kingana n'umwaka wose<ref name="YouTube" /> Muricyo gihe Nibwo yasuraga Studiyo ya Point Beat ya OJB kenshi, yitengereza indirimbo za [[2Baba|2 Face Idibia]] yandika indirimbo kuri alubumu ye ''Grass 2 Grace'' .Yari ahari kandi mu gihe hafatwaga amajwi y’album ya mbere ya [[:en:Sound_Sultan|Sound Sultan]] yitwa ''Jagbajantis''. <ref name="Pulse444">{{Cite web |last=Akan |first=Joey |date=23 July 2015 |title=15 most important events of Wizkid's career |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/throwback-thursday-15-most-important-events-of-wizkids-career-id4005412.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145927/http://pulse.ng/buzz/throwback-thursday-15-most-important-events-of-wizkids-career-id4005412.html |archive-date=1 April 2017 |access-date=1 April 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> <ref name="YouTube" /> Yavuze ko Naeto C ari umwe mu bantu Bamugiriye Inama ubwo yarafite imyaka 15. Wizkid yasinyanye amasezerano na Empire Mates Entertainment mu 2009. Yafatanije kwandika "Omoge You Too Much", indirimbo ya Album ya ''W Experience'' ya Banky W. <ref name="YouTube" /> <ref name="Pulse444" /> Yakoranye kandi na Naeto C, Ikechukwu na M.I Ari nako yatezaga imbere ibihangano bye. Hagati muri 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyi |date=11 July 2012 |title=Wizkid – Biography |url=http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703092327/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |archive-date=3 July 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |publisher=Nigerian Films}}</ref>, yavuye mu Ishuri kaminuza ya Leta ya Lagos (LASU). Nyuma yaje kwiga muri kaminuza ya Lead City, ariko avamo amaze kwiga amasona a yo abiri . <ref name="Pulse444" /> === 2010–2011: ''Ubwamamare'' === Wizkid yatangiye gufata amajwi y’album ye ya mbere ya studio yise ''[[:en:Superstar_(Wizkid_album)|Superstar]]'' mu 2009<ref name="Pulse444">{{Cite web |last=Akan |first=Joey |date=23 July 2015 |title=15 most important events of Wizkid's career |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/throwback-thursday-15-most-important-events-of-wizkids-career-id4005412.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145927/http://pulse.ng/buzz/throwback-thursday-15-most-important-events-of-wizkids-career-id4005412.html |archive-date=1 April 2017 |access-date=1 April 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkan2015">Akan, Joey (23 July 2015). </cite></ref> Yasohoye indirimbo ''[[:en:Holla_at_Your_Boy|Holla at Your Boy]]'' nk’indirimbo ya mbere y’album ku itariki ya 2 Mutarama 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Iyo ndirimbo yahataniye igihembo cy’Indirimbo Nziza ya Pop, kandi yatumye atsindira igihembo cya [[:en:The_Headies_Award_for_Next_Rated|Next Rated]] mu birori bya The Headies 2011. Uretse gutsindira igihembo, yahawe imodoka ya [[:en:The_Headies_Award_for_Next_Rated|Hyundai Sonata]] yo mu 2012 yatanzwe n’abategura iryo rushanwa .<ref name="Hip Hop World">{{Cite web |title=The Headies (Hip Hop World Awards 2011) Winners List |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201218/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/01/23/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2011-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013 |website=[[Hip Hop World Magazine|Hip Hop World]]}}</ref> Amashusho y’iyo ndirimbo yatorewe igihembo cy’''Umuhanzi Mushya Ushoboye'' (Most Gifted Newcomer Video) mu birori bya [[:en:Channel_O_Music_Video_Awards|Channel O Music Video Awards]] byo mu 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Ku ya 2 Mata 2010, Wizkid yasohoye " Tease Me / Bad Guys " nk'indirimbo ya kabiri ya alubumu. Yabanje gusohoka nka Freestyle rap . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> " Don't Dull ", indirimbo ya gatatu ya alubumu, yasohotse ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> ''Superstar'' yanditswe mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] na Yoruba . Yasohowe ku ya 12 Kamena 2011 na Empire Mates Entertainment . Album ikubiyemo ijyana ya Afrobeats, R&B, Dancehall, na reggae. Mugihe yakoraga kuri ''Superstar'', Wizkid yakoranye n'abatunganya amajwi nka E-Kelly, Jay Sleek, Shizzi, DJ Klem, Masterkraft, Q-Beats na [[Samklef]] .Iyo album ikubiyemo kwifatanya n’abahanzi nka [[Banky W]]., [[Skales]], [[D’Prince]] na [[Wande Coal]]. Yari iteganyijwe gusohoka ku itariki ya 14 Gashyantare 2011, ariko nyuma yaje gusubikwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> Ku ya 12 Kamena 2011, Wizkid yakiriye ibirori byo kumurika alubumu muri Expo Hall ya Eko Hotel na Suites . Ibirori byo kumurika byagaragaye ibitaramo bya Banky W, Skales, [[2Baba|2face Idibia]], Samklef, Wande Coal, D'Prince, Olamide, eLDee, Jesse Jagz, Ice Prince, Lynxxx na Seyi Shay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> ''Superstar'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Album nziza y'umwaka muri Nigeria Entertainment Award 2012, kandi yatowe muri Album of the Year muri The Headies 2012 . <ref name="HipHop World Magazine">{{Cite news |title=Hip Hop World Awards 2012, Official Winners list |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029124148/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2012/12/31/the-headies-hip-hop-world-awards-2012-winners-list/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |work=HipHop World Magazine}}</ref> === 2012–2014: Urugendo rwa E.M.E, ''Ayo'' N'izind ===  A 15-second sample of "[[Jaiye Jaiye]]". The song is a fusion of [[Afrobeat]] and [[Afrobeats]] , Wizkid_-_Jaiye_Jaiye_(feat_Femi_Kuti).ogg,"Jaiye Jaiye" (2013) Wizkid yazengurutse London mu mwaka wa 2012 anakorera ahitwa Hammersmith Apollo ku ''ya'' 4 Kamena 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Yakoranye na Banky W. ,[[Skales]],[[Shaydee]] and [[Wiki/Niyola|Niyola]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Nyuma yo kumurika alubumu, ibikorwa bya E.M.E byazengurutse Amerika. Urugendo rwatangiye muri Nyakanga rurangira muri Nzeri 2012. Ibikorwa bya E.M.E byakorewe mu mijyi myinshi, nka Houston, Dallas, Toronto, Vancouver, Umujyi wa New York, Providence, Calgary, Atlanta, Washington, DC, na Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref>​​​​​<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Ku itariki ya 12 Ugushyingo 2012, Wizkid yaririmbye mu gitaramo cya BBC Radio 1Xtra Live ku kigo cya O2 Academy i [[Brixton]], ahurira n’abahanzi nka [[Trey Songz]], [[Tulisa]], [[Kendrick Lamar]] na [[Ange]]<nowiki/>l. Hagati ya 2012 na 2014, Wizkid yafashe alubumu ye ya kabiri ya studio ''Ayo'' . Yafatanyije nabarimo Femi Kuti, Banky W., Seyi Shay, Phyno, Tyga, Akon na Wale . Iyi alubumu yatunganijwe na Sarz, Shizzi, Uhuru, Del B, Dokta Frabz, Maleek Berry, Legendury Beatz na Spellz. Yabanje kwitwa ''Choosen'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Nk’uko MTV Base ibivuga, iyo album yahuye n’ikibazo cyo gusubikwa ku Itariki Yaragusokeraho.. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Byatangajwe mbere ko alubumu izaba irimo Don Jazzy, Efya na Olamide. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> Ku ya 6 Nzeri 2014, Wizkid yagaragaje ishusho y’album hamwe n’urutonde rw’indirimbo zayo. Mbere y’uko atangaza gahunda yo gusohora album ye ya kabiri ya studio, yari yarateguye gusohora Uruvange muri Mata 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Mu kiganiro na Ok! Yavuze kandi ko hazagaragaramo Wale na Tinie Tempah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Wizkid yaje gutangaza ko azashyira ahagaragara alubumu ye ya kabiri ya studio ku ya 12 Kamena 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2010 |title=Wizkid - Gidi Girl |url=http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922222803/http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |archive-date=22 September 2016 |access-date=7 May 2016 |publisher=Olamild Ent}}</ref> Mu kiganiro na HipTV , Banky W yagaragaje izina ry’iyo album anavuga ku gusubikwa kwayo. Yanatanze n’igihe cy’agateganyo cyo Kumurikiraho album.. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyi |date=11 July 2012 |title=Wizkid – Biography |url=http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703092327/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |archive-date=3 July 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |publisher=Nigerian Films}}</ref> Ku itariki ya 2 Gicurasi 2013, Wizkid yasohoye indirimbo ya mbere y’iyo album yise "''Jaiye Jaiye"''. Iyi ndirimbo ikubiyemo ubufatanye n’umuhanzi w’Umunyanigeria wari watorewe igihembo cya [[Grammy Award]], [[Femi Kuti]]. Wizkid yabwiye Showtime Celebrity ko yakoranye na Femi Kuti kugira ngo abantu batamufata nk’umuhanzi wibanda gusa ku ndirimbo z’inkundura, imodoka n’ibintu by’ubukungu.i. <ref name="Vanguard">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2013 |title=UNILAG saga: My story – Wizkid |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/unilag-saga-my-story-wizkid/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216092322/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/unilag-saga-my-story-wizkid/ |archive-date=16 December 2013 |access-date=12 December 2013 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2013, yaririmbye muri Felabration ya 2013, igitaramo ngarukamwaka cyeguriwe Fela Kuti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> -yakozwe "On top your Matter" yasohotse nk'indirimbo ya kabiri ya alubumu ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> Ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 2013, Wizkid yaririmbye muri Guinness Colorful World of More igitaramo hamwe na D'banj, Tiwa Savage, P-Square, [[Davido]], Ice Prince, [[Burna Boy]], Olamide na Phyno . Igitaramo cyabereye ahitwa Eko Convention Centre muri Eko Hotels na Suites . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Ugushyingo 2013, yakoreye igitaramo mu gitaramo cya Guinness Big Eruption cyabereye i Accra, muri Gana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2014, Wizkid abaye umucuranzi wa mbere wo muri Nijeriya ufite abayoboke barenga miliyoni kuri Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2014, Wizkid yasuye studio ya Beat 99.9 FM i Lagos maze abwira Toolz ko yakoranye n'umuririmbyi wo muri Barubade Rihanna . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Wizkid yatumiwe nk'umushyitsi udasanzwe mu bitaramo bimwe na bimwe byagaragaye mu ruzinduko rwa Tinie Tempah mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu 2014. <ref name="MTV Base - 24 March 2014 - Wizkid to join Tinie Tempah">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2014 |title=Wizkid to join Tinie Tempah |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/wizkid-to-join-tinie-tempah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514171339/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/wizkid-to-join-tinie-tempah/ |archive-date=14 May 2014 |access-date=27 March 2014 |website=[[MTV Base (African TV channel)|MTV Base]] |publisher=[[Viacom International Media Networks]]}}</ref> === 2015–2018: ''Byumvikane kurundi ruhande'' nk'itsinzi mpuzamahanga hamwe na "One Dance" === [[Dosiye:Drake_July_2016.jpg|right|thumb|193x193px|Wizkid yagize uruhare mu kwandika no gutunganya " Imbyino imwe " ya Drake .]] Ku ya 5 Mutarama 2015, Wizkid yashyize ahagaragara amashusho y'indirimbo " Ojuelegba ", indirimbo igaragaza urugamba yahuye narwo mu myaka ya mbere y'umwuga we wo gufata amajwi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> yemewe nk'indirimbo igaragaramo amajwi ya Drake na Skepta ; Yerekanye <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> kuri OVO Sound Radio muri Nyakanga 2015 . Muri <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref>, Wizkid na Chris Brown bombi bakoze "African Bad Gyal" mu gitaramo cya ChrisBrown cyabereye i Durban, muri Afurika y'Epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Wizkid yasohoye "Expensive Shit", indirimbo ya Afrobeats Igizwe Light Guitar, saxofone na percussion acoustic muri Gicurasi 2015; indirimbo yavuzwe nkaho ishobora kuba yashyizwe kuri alubumu. Muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>, Wizkid yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Twitter ko Angélique Kidjo azagaragara kuri alubumu. Muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2010 |title=Wizkid - Gidi Girl |url=http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922222803/http://www.olamildent.com/2010/06/wizkid-gidi-girl.html |archive-date=22 September 2016 |access-date=7 May 2016 |publisher=Olamild Ent}}</ref>, Mu Kwakira 2015, yavuze ko azasohora EP ye kandi akazongera gusubika itariki yo gusohorerwa album ye ya gatatu ya studio. Ibi yabitangaje kuri Instagram akimara kurangiza igitaramo cyo guha icyubahiro [[2Baba|2Face Idibia]] ''Fortified''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seyi |date=11 July 2012 |title=Wizkid – Biography |url=http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703092327/http://nigeriafilms.com/news/18157/18/wizkid-biography.html |archive-date=3 July 2013 |access-date=30 June 2013 |publisher=Nigerian Films}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Mata 2016, Wizkid abaye umuhanzi wa mbere wo muri Nijeriya washyizwe ku rutonde rwa Billboard <nowiki><i id="mwAgo">s</i></nowiki> <nowiki><i id="mwAhY">Twitter</i></nowiki> Imbonerahamwe y’amasaha 24 ashize, nyuma y’ubutanyei bwe Na drake ku ndirimbo yise “ One Dance ” yanditswe na Afrobeats ya Drake, yashyizwe ku mwanya wa <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> "One Dance" Yakomeje Kwamamara ku rwego mpuzamahanga, iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu 15, birimo Ubwongereza, Kanada, Ositaraliya, Ubufaransa n'Ubudage. Indirimbo yabaye Wizkid yambere ya mbere nkumuhanzi wagaragaye muri utwo turere. Umwanditsi wa Pitchfork, Sheldon Pearce, yavuze ko iyo ndirimbo ari ‘indirimbo yishimisha, y’umwimerere w’ibihe by’ihungabana, yishimira umurimo wose Wizkid yakoze.’ Mu Gicurasi 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref>, Wizkid yifatanyije na Chris Brown mu rugendo rw’isi yose rwitwa ''One Hell of a Nite''.". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2017, yasinyanye amasezerano na RCA Records . Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Nyakanga 2017, Wizkid yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatatu ya studio ''Ijwi ryavuye ku rundi ruhande.Byambere'' byanditswe na Karayibe, ''SFTOS'' ikubiyemo izindi njyana zitandukanye, zirimo afrobeats, EDM, R&amp;amp;B, n'inzu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> igaragaramo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Drake, Major Lazer, Chris Brown, Ty Dolla Sign, Efya, Bucie na Trey Songz . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> wakozwe na Sarz, Del B, Spellz, Dre Skull, DJ Mustard, Major Lazer, na Picard Brothers. Iyi alubumu yabonetse kugirango igure kandi ikoreshwe kumurongo kumurongo wa muzika myinshi, harimo Apple Music, Amazone Music, Spotify, Deezer na Google Play . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ''SFTOS'' yatangiriye kuri numero 107 kuri <nowiki><i id="mwAl0">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 yo muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> Yatangiye kandi ku mwanya wa 58 ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ya Kanada . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Gusohora alubumu yabanjirijwe nindirimbo eshatu: "Daddy Yo" irimo Efya, "Urukundo Ruryoshye", na " Ngwino Hafi " irimo Drake . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> " African Bad Gyal "yasohotse hamwe no gutumiza alubumu ku ya 9 Kamena 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> na" Naughty Ride "yasohotse mu rwego rwo kwamamaza ku ya 23 Kamena 2017. Wizkid abaye umuhanzi wa mbere wa afrobeats wagaragaye muri ''Guinness World Records'' 2018 kubera uruhare yagize muri "Imbyino imwe". Indirimbo ye " Soco " ibaye indirimbo ye ya mbere ya afrobeats yemerewe zahabu muri Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Nyuma yuwo mwaka, yagaragaye kuri EP ''Normani x'' ya Normani na Calvin Harris, Calvin Harris, ku ndirimbo "Kugenzura Urutonde", yaje ku mwanya wa mbere ku mbonerahamwe yo kugurisha indirimbo ya ''Billboard'' World Digital . === 2019 : "Brown Skin Girl", ''Umuhanzi Vol.'' ''1'' na Yakorewe ''i Lagos'' === [[Dosiye:Beyoncé_at_The_Lion_King_European_Premiere_2019.png|thumb|171x171px|Wizkid yatsindiye igihembo cye cya mbere cya Grammy ku bufatanye bwe na Beyoncé ' ''lion King: The Gift'' SoundTrack.]] Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2019, Wizkid yafatanyijwe n’umuhanzikazi Beyoncé ku ndirimbo "''Brown Skin Girl"'', ikaba iri ku ''soundtrack'' ya filime ''The Lion King: The Gift'', yaje gushimwa cyane n’abakunzi b’umuziki n’abasesenguzi.. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Yavuzweho ko ari kimwe mu bihe bye "bimurika" byo muri 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid To The World {{!}} A Nation of Billions |url=https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716170708/https://nationofbillions.com/wizkid-to-the-world |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Nation of Billions}}</ref> mu bihembo yahataniye mpuzamahanga, akamuhesha ibihembo bibiri bya Soul Train Music Awards , <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2012 |title=Westwood – Wizkid remix with Akon *Exclusive* in UK |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123221118/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6_uFVt4SjU |archive-date=23 January 2014 |access-date=20 January 2014 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Nyuma yuwo mwaka, yasohoye kandi indirimbo "Joro" na "Ghetto Love". <ref name="NoStress">{{Cite web |last=Cho |first=Regina |date=17 September 2020 |title=Wizkid releases new single "No Stress" |url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-09-17/70156/wizkid-releases-new-single-no-stress |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113031455/https://www.revolt.tv/platform/amp/new-music/2020/9/17/21443808/wizkid-releases-no-stress |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]}}</ref> Ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019, label ya Wizkid Starboy Entertainment yasohoye EP ''Soundman Vol.'' ''1'', yibanze cyane kuri Wizkid, kandi ikubiyemo ibintu biva muri Chronixx, nabandi bahanzi batandukanye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Muri 2020, Wizkid yagaragaye ku ndirimbo zitandukanye, harimo "Escape" ya Akon, "Gbese 2.0" hamwe na DJ Tunes na Spax, "Eve Bounce" na Yung L, na "Consider II" hamwe na Walshy Fire. Yasohoye kandi afatanyije n'umuririmbyi w'umunyamerika, H.E.R, bise " Smile ". Ku ya 17 Nzeri , Wizkid yasohoye indirimbo yise <ref name="NoStress">{{Cite web |last=Cho |first=Regina |date=17 September 2020 |title=Wizkid releases new single "No Stress" |url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2020-09-17/70156/wizkid-releases-new-single-no-stress |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113031455/https://www.revolt.tv/platform/amp/new-music/2020/9/17/21443808/wizkid-releases-no-stress |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCho2020">Cho, Regina (17 September 2020). </cite></ref> Stress ", atangaza ko azamurika alubumu ye ya kane, ''Made i Lagos'', ku ya 15 Ukwakira <nowiki><i id="mwAsw">2020</i></nowiki> . Ku nshuro ya 27 ngarukamwaka South African Music Award, ''Made i Lagos'' yakiriye igihembo cya Afurika isigaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Kanama 2021, yasohoye remix ya " Essence ", irimo umuhanzi wo muri Kanada Justin Bieber . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Indirimbo yabaye indirimbo yagaragaye cyane kuri ''Billboard'' Hot 100 yakozwe nigikorwa nyafurika, igera ku mwanya wa 11 ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> Ugushyingo 2021, muri Grammy Award ya 64 ngarukamwaka, alubumu ye, Made ''in Lagos'' n'indirimbo ye "Essence" yamuhesheje ibihembo bibiri bya Grammy. Mu Kwezi kumwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref>, yakiriye kandi ibihembo bine bya Soul Train Awards, yatsindiye imwe muri "Essence" Best Collaboration . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Ku isabukuru ya mbere ya ''Made i Lagos'', Wizkid yatangaje alubumu ya 5 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> More Love'', Less Ego'', mu ntangiriro yashyizwe ahagaragara umunsi wa nyuma wa Made i Lagos, ku ya 22 Mutarama 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibenegbu |first=George |date=17 January 2018 |title=History of Ijebu Ode grammar school - Wizkid's former school |url=https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082811/https://www.legit.ng/1145813-history-ijebu-ode-grammar-school-wizkids-school.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=Legit |publisher=Naij.com Media Limited}}</ref> Album ye ya gatanu ya studio ''More Love,Less Ego'' yasohotse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 2022 <ref name="MoreLove">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Kyann-Sian |date=11 November 2022 |title=Wizkid – 'More Love, Less Ego' review: Afrobeats' biggest star perfects his universal sound |url=https://www.nme.com/en_au/reviews/album/wizkid-more-love-less-ego-review-afrobeats-afropop-3347293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111030025/https://www.nme.com/en_au/reviews/album/wizkid-more-love-less-ego-review-afrobeats-afropop-3347293 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2024, Wizkid yasohoye indirimbo " Piece of My Heart " irimo umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Brent Faiyaz nk'umuhanzi wambere muri alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio ''Morayo'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2020 |title=From the Magazine: 30 Quick Facts About Wizkid You Should Know As He Turns 30 Today |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716094846/https://m.guardian.ng/life/30-quick-facts-about-wizkid-you-should-know-as-he-turns-30-today/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2020 |publisher=guardian.ng}}</ref> Mu Ugushyingo 2024, indirimbo ''MMS'' ya [[Asake]] yafatanijemo na Wizkid yatorewe igihembo cya Best African Music Performance mu bihembo bya 67th Annual Grammy Awards <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> Wizkid ahabwa icyubahiro cyifuzwa mu mwuga we. Ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2024, Wizkid yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio ''Morayo'' y'indirimbo cumi n'esheshatu zirimo Asake, Anaïs Cardot, Brent Faiyaz, Jazmine Sullivan, na Tiakola . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=30 September 2022 |title=The Essence of Wizkid's Sound: 5 Ways He's Pushed Afrobeats |url=https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005143039/https://notjustok.com/article/the-essence-of-wizkids-sound-to-afrobeats/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} bf5y975cs0i98epgr0i9nfnoypbleer 0 18336 149343 147393 2026-11-07T20:48:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Rema | image = Rema Performing live in Boston (May 2025).jpg | alt = | caption = Rema mu gitaramo i Boston | birth_name = Divine Ikubor | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|05|01}}<ref name=":0" /> | birth_place = [[Benin City]], Edo, Nigeria | alias = {{flatlist| * Remy Boy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/08/poster-boy-for-generation-z-rema-covers-tush-magazines-latest-issue/|title=Rema Call's himself Remi Boy, covers Tush magazine latest issue|work=BN|last=BN|date=1 August 2019|access-date=9 July 2024}}</ref> * Rave Lord<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trybecoterie.com/rema-a-k-a-rave-lord-is-back/|title=Rema AKA Rave Lord is Back|work=Trybe Coterie|date=18 June 2024|access-date=9 July 2024|archive-date=9 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709094444/https://trybecoterie.com/rema-a-k-a-rave-lord-is-back/|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|rapper|songwriter}} | website = {{URL|heisrema.com}} | years_active = 2019{{ndash}}present | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Afrobeats]] * [[Afrobeat]] * [[Afrobeats|Afro]]-[[Rave music|rave]] * [[African hip-hop]] * [[pop rap]] * [[trap music|trap]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * [[Jonzing World|Jonzing]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2019-03-23 |title=Don Jazzy signs record deal with D'Prince's Jonzing World |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/don-jazzy-signs-record-deal-with-dprinces-jonzing-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121213353/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/don-jazzy-signs-record-deal-with-dprinces-jonzing-world/ |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] * [[Mavin Records|Mavin]] }} }} Divine Ikubor (yavutse ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2000), uzwi ku izina rya Rema, ni umuririmbyi n’umuraperi wo muri [[Nijeriya]]. Yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu 2019 kubera indirimbo ye "Dumebi", muri uwo mwaka kandi ubwo yasinyaga mu itsinda rya D’Prince, Jonzing World.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2019-03-23 |title=Don Jazzy signs record deal with D'Prince's Jonzing World |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/don-jazzy-signs-record-deal-with-dprinces-jonzing-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121213353/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/don-jazzy-signs-record-deal-with-dprinces-jonzing-world/ |archive-date=21 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, yamenyekanye cyane muri 2022 n’indirimbo ye "Calm Down", ndetse isubirwamo n’umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Selena Gomez, igera ku mwanya wa gatatu ku rutonde rwa Billboard Hot 100. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=tolsen|date=2013-01-02|title=Billboard Hot 100|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/|access-date=2023-06-13|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125143214/https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/|url-status=live}}</ref>Rema kandi yayoboye urutonde rwa Billboard Afrobeats amaraho ibyumweru 58.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Anderson|first=Trevor|date=2023-10-19|title=Tyla's 'Water' Hits No. 1 on U.S. Afrobeats Songs Chart – Stopping the 58-Week Run of Rema & Selena Gomez's 'Calm Down'|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/tyla-water-number-one-us-afrobeats-songs-chart-1235448587/|access-date=2023-10-28|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US|archive-date=28 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028161613/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/tyla-water-number-one-us-afrobeats-songs-chart-1235448587/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Bella|first1=Naija|title=Rema caps off an Amazing Year with Features on Rolling Stone & Pitchfork's Best Songs of 2019 Lists with 'Dumebi'|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/rema-best-songs-2019/|magazine=[[BellaNaija]]|date=10 December 2019|access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye, ''Rave &amp; Roses'' (2022), igera ku mwanya wa 81 kuri <nowiki><i id="mwPA">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 . Alubumu ye ya kabiri yitwa Heis yayisohoye muri 2024 yafashijwemo na <nowiki><i id="mwPA">Benin Boys</i></nowiki>. Knadi anahamagarwa muri [[:en:Grammy_Award|Grammy Award]] kuri Alubumu nziza ku isi mu birori bya 67 bya [[:en:Grammy_Award|Grammy Award]] == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Divine Ikubor yavutse ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2000 mu muryango wa gikirisitu mu mujyi wa Benin, muri Leta ya Edo, muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2019 |title=Meet Rema, The Kid From Benin With The World At His Feet |url=https://thenativemag.com/featured/meet-rema-kid-benin-world-feet/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818195822/https://thenativemag.com/featured/meet-rema-kid-benin-world-feet/ |archive-date=18 August 2020 |access-date=28 September 2020 |website=The Native}}</ref> Akomoka muri Igbanke muri Orhionmwon LGA yo muri leta ya Edo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-05 |title=Rema Biography, Age, Girlfriend, Wife, Parents, Family, Siblings (Divine Ikubor) |url=https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2024/10/rema-biography-wikipedia-age-girlfriend.html?hl=ar&m=1 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Famous Naija |archive-date=2025-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251104195054/https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2024/10/rema-biography-wikipedia-age-girlfriend.html?hl=ar&m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-11 |title=Rema Biography 2025: Shocking Facts Revealed, with 25 FAQs |url=https://bsgistnews.com/biography/rema-biography-2025/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411205739/https://bsgistnews.com/biography/rema-biography-2025/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yavumbuye umuhamagaro we wo muri muzika mu mashuri yisumbuye mu ishuri rya Ighile Group of School muri Leta ya Edo, ari naho yatangiye kuririmba no gucuranga. Nyuma yo kubura se na mukuru we, Rema yarezwe na nyina, wagize uruhare runini mu guhindura ubuzima bwe. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 February 2020 |title=Is Rema dead?: Divine Ikubor aka Rema never die, na fake news dey fly upandan - Rema Manager |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-51344198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119212344/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-51344198 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |access-date=16 June 2020 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> == Umwuga == === 2019–2021: Gutangira umwuga no kwandika inyandiko === Rema yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika akora ibitaramo mu nsengero hamwe na mugenzi we Alpha P mu mwaka wa 2019. Yamenyekanye nyuma yo gushyira hanze agace gato ari kuririmba kuri Instagram ku ndirimbo ya 'Gucci Gang' ya D'Prince . D'Prince yatangajwe n'ubuhanga bwe, amujyana i Lagos maze amuha amasezerano yo gukorana na Jonzing World, ishami rya Mavin Records ifitwe n'umuyobozi wa muzika akaba na producer Don Jazzy . <ref name="Pitchfork">{{Cite web |last=Pierre |first=Alphonse |date=25 June 2019 |title=Rema Is Leading the Next Generation of Nigerian Pop Afrobeats chart |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/rising/rema-is-leading-the-next-generation-of-nigerian-pop-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617050135/https://pitchfork.com/features/rising/rema-is-leading-the-next-generation-of-nigerian-pop-interview/ |archive-date=17 June 2020 |access-date=17 June 2020 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akindare |first=Okunola |date=21 January 2020 |title=How D'Prince gave Mavin Records a new lease of life |url=http://thenet.ng/dprince-gave-mavin-records-new-lease-life/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121222200/http://thenet.ng/dprince-gave-mavin-records-new-lease-life/ |archive-date=21 January 2020 |access-date=21 January 2020 |publisher=NET}}</ref> Muri 2019, Rema yasohoye izina umuzingo we mbere witwa ''Rema'', uza ku isonga rya Apple Music muri Nigeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rema – EP by Rema |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/rema-ep/1455903943 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812151305/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/rema-ep/1455903943 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=25 August 2019 |via=music.apple.com}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 100: Nigeria |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/playlist/top-100-nigeria/pl.2fc68f6d68004ae993dadfe99de83877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625035128/https://music.apple.com/ng/playlist/top-100-nigeria/pl.2fc68f6d68004ae993dadfe99de83877 |archive-date=25 June 2019 |access-date=25 August 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=See the music video for Rema's "Dumebi" |url=https://thenativemag.com/see-music-video-remas-dumebi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820080609/https://thenativemag.com/see-music-video-remas-dumebi/ |archive-date=20 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=The NATIVE}}</ref> Nyuma yi mpeshyi, indi ndirimbo izwi cyane kuri uwo muzingo yagaragaye ku rutonde rw’indirimbo zuwahoze ari Perezida wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]], [[Barack Obama]] . 2020, indirimbo za Rema zashyizwe ku majwi ya ''FIFA 21'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA 21 soundtrack: Artists, songs & music on new game, reveal date {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/fifa-21-soundtrack-artists-songs-music-on-new-game-reveal/1c2lncmenyypo1lk0gzzulefry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802070501/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/fifa-21-soundtrack-artists-songs-music-on-new-game-reveal/1c2lncmenyypo1lk0gzzulefry |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2020 |title=Fireboy, Rema feature on FIFA 21 official soundtracks |url=https://punchng.com/fireboy-rema-feature-on-fifa-21-official-soundtracks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502215547/https://punchng.com/fireboy-rema-feature-on-fifa-21-official-soundtracks/ |archive-date=2 May 2021 |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2021, yashyizwe ahagaragara nka ambasaderi w’ikirango wa Pepsi, ari kumwe na mugenzi we wumuhanzikazi witwa [[Ayra Starr]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-04 |title=Pepsi unveils new ambassadors Ayra Starr and Rema #ForTheLoveOfMusic |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/pepsi-unveils-new-ambassadors-ayra-starr-and-rema-fortheloveofmusic/ |access-date=2021-09-16 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Toya Delazy, umuhanzi utunganya umuziki akaba n’umuhanzi wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]], yatangije injyana ya "Afrorave" mu 2019, ahuza ibintu bya garage, amagambo y’Abazulu, n’ubundi buryo bwa Afurika. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Zeeman |first=Kyle |author-link=TimesLIVE |date=9 October 2019 |title=Toya Delazy is creating her own genre called Afro-rave, and she says it's the future |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-10-09-toya-delazy-is-creating-her-own-genre-called-afro-rave-and-she-says-its-the-future/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009072656/https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-10-09-toya-delazy-is-creating-her-own-genre-called-afro-rave-and-she-says-its-the-future/ |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2023 |work=Times Live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coetzee |first=Nikita |author-link= |date=3 August 2020 |title=How Toya Delazy carved out her own path and created a unique sound |url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/how-toya-delazy-carved-out-her-own-path-and-created-a-unique-sound-20200803-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102094851/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/how-toya-delazy-carved-out-her-own-path-and-created-a-unique-sound-20200803-3 |archive-date=2 January 2024 |access-date=3 January 2024 |work=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2021, Rema yakoresheje ijambo "Afrorave" kugira ngo asobanure umuziki we bwite, uhuza Afrobeats n’Abarabu n’Abahinde. Iri jwi ritandukanye ryumvikanye nabafana, rimuhesha umufana wihariye uzwi nka Ravers. <ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2021 |title=My brand of music is 'Afrorave', says Rema |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/my-brand-of-music-is-afrorave-says-rema/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722202954/https://thenationonlineng.net/my-brand-of-music-is-afrorave-says-rema/ |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Storm |first=Camille |date=24 September 2019 |title=Rema is Nigerian pop's golden child |url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/06/24/rema-dumebi-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229191930/http://www.thefader.com/2019/06/24/rema-dumebi-interview |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=The FADER}}</ref> === 2022 – 23: ''Rave & Roses'' na ''Ravage'' EP === Nyuma yo gusohora Iimizingo itatu, Rema yerekanye alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Rave &amp; Roses'', ku ya 25 Werurwe 2022, munsi ya Jonzing World. Iyi alubumu irimo indirimbo 16 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Michelle Hyun |date=2022-03-18 |title=17 Albums We Can't Wait to Hear This Spring |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/2022-music-release-calendar-most-anticipated-albums.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320020022/https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/2022-music-release-calendar-most-anticipated-albums.html |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Vulture |language=en-us}}</ref>, zirimo ubufatanye na 6lack, Chris Brown, AJ Tracey, na Yseult . <ref>{{Cite web |last=FOL |date=2022-03-22 |title=Rema reveals 'Rave and Roses' album tracklist – FindOutLyrics |url=https://findoutlyrics.com/rema-reveals-rave-and-roses-album-tracklist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218035000/https://findoutlyrics.com/rema-reveals-rave-and-roses-album-tracklist/ |archive-date=18 December 2022 |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaririho indirimbo 10 ku mbonerahamwe ''ya Billboard'' Afrobeats yo muri Amerika mu cyumweru cyayo cya mbere. " Gutuza " yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, igera ku mwanya wa 3 kuri Billboard Hot 100 nyuma yo gusubiramo hamwe na Selena Gomez, ikuraho amateka menshi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rema – Calm Down |url=https://top40-charts.com/song.php?sid=58391 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816105956/https://top40-charts.com/song.php?sid=58391 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=Top40-Charts.com}}</ref> 5 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2022 |title=Rema earns first Billboard Hot 100 entry with 'Calm Down' remix |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/remas-calm-down-remix-featuring-selena-gomez-debuts-on-billboard-hot-100/rkf0f00 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003121316/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/remas-calm-down-remix-featuring-selena-gomez-debuts-on-billboard-hot-100/rkf0f00 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mw7w"> </i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=Rema's Calm Down sets YouTube record as Afrobeats continues global foray |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/remas-calm-down-sets-youtube-record-afrobeats-continues-global-foray |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221115844/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/remas-calm-down-sets-youtube-record-afrobeats-continues-global-foray |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyetayo |first=Bamise |date=9 November 2022 |title=Watch Rema's Plaque Acceptance For 1 Billion Streams On "Rave & Roses" |url=https://notjustok.com/news/watch-remas-plaque-acceptance-for-1-billion-streams-on-rave-roses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512084410/https://notjustok.com/news/watch-remas-plaque-acceptance-for-1-billion-streams-on-rave-roses/ |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=notjustok.com}}</ref>, yatsindiye igihembo cy’umuhanzi w’umwaka wa Digital mu bihembo bya Soundcity MVP byabereye mu kigo cya Eko Convention Centre i Lagos. Muri Mata 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Burnaboy, Black Sherif, Win At The Soundcity MVP Awards 2023 (FULL WINNERS LIST) |url=https://africanfolder.com/burnaboy-black-sherif-win-at-the-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-full-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212153452/https://africanfolder.com/burnaboy-black-sherif-win-at-the-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-full-winners-list/ |archive-date=12 February 2023 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=African Folder}}</ref>, yasohoye ''Rave & Roses Ultra'', ibaye alubumu ya mbere nyafurika yambutse miliyari ebyiri kuri Spotify. <ref>{{Cite web |last=(anonymous) |date=1 December 2023 |title=Rema's "Rave & Roses Ultra" Surpasses 2 Billion Spotify Streams |url=https://albumtalks.com/remas-rave-roses-ultra-surpasses-2-billion-spotify-streams/ |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=Album Talks |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2023, Rema yasohoye ''Ravage'' EP, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=Rema Releases New EP Ravage |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/rema-releases-new-ep-ravage-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103111008/https://pitchfork.com/news/rema-releases-new-ep-ravage-listen/ |archive-date=3 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref> maze ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2023, akora ibitaramo mu muhango wa Ballon d'or wabereye Theatre du Châtelet i [[Paris|Paris mu Bufaransa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etukudo |first=Itoro |date=31 October 2023 |title='I'm grateful for this opportunity', Rema says after Ballon d'Or performance |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/im-grateful-for-this-opportunity-rema-says-after-ballon-dor-performance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102092811/https://www.icirnigeria.org/im-grateful-for-this-opportunity-rema-says-after-ballon-dor-performance/ |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=The International Centre for Investigative Reporting |language=en-GB}}</ref> === 2024: Album ya kabiri ya Studio; HEIS === Ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2024, Rema yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya kabiri ya studio yitwa HEIS . Umutwe wa alubumu wakomotse ku ijambo ry'Ikigereki rivuga "numero 1". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine-Edet |first=Aniekan |date=2024-07-11 |title=HEIS HERE: Rema Drops Sophomore Album |url=https://www.mavinrecords.com/2024/07/11/heis-here-rema-drops-sophomore-album/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Mavin |language=en-US}}</ref> Yerekana Rema ufite izina rye, "Igikomangoma cya Afrobeats". Iyi alubumu igizwe n'indirimbo 11 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine-Edet |first=Aniekan |date=2024-07-11 |title=HEIS HERE: Rema Drops Sophomore Album |url=https://www.mavinrecords.com/2024/07/11/heis-here-rema-drops-sophomore-album/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Mavin |language=en-US}}</ref> igaragaramo ijwi ryijimye, ritwarwa n'ingoma ugereranije na alubumu ye ya mbere, Rave &amp; Roses . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine-Edet |first=Aniekan |date=2024-07-11 |title=HEIS HERE: Rema Drops Sophomore Album |url=https://mavinrecords.com/2024/07/11/heis-here-rema-drops-sophomore-album/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Mavin |language=en-US}}</ref> Rema avuga ko ubu buryo bushya muri muzika ye ari " [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tWbaEW-Qwc afro-rave] " asobanura ko "[we ubwe yiyumvisha Afrobeats," <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rema Opens Up On Creating Afro Beat & Rave Sound + Kendrick Lamar & Madonna Supporting Him |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tWbaEW-Qwc}}</ref> mu kiganiro yagiranye na HOT 97 mu 2022. Ijwi ni uruvange rw'ubwoko butandukanye kuva Afrobeats, inzu, hip-hop, n'imbyino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Conteh |first=Mankaprr |date=2024-07-11 |title=Rema Shocks Afrobeats to New Life With 'Heis' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/rema-heis-review-1235058224/ |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> HEIS ifite byinshi yerekana kumico kavukire ya Edo kandi yerekana ubushakashatsi ku nsanganyamatsiko yo gushimira umuco no kwiyemeza gushimisha abateze amatwi bituma bayifata nkirimo abadayimoni. Nubwo yanenzwe hakiri kare, HEIS yagaragaye ku mwanya wa 2 ku mbonerahamwe ya Top 100 ya Album, nyuma igera ku mwanya wa mbere, kandi imaze ibyumweru 29 iri ku mbonerahamwe hamwe no gcurangwa isnhuro miliyoni 104 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Following the Success of ‘HEIS,’ Rema is About to Take a New Spin on Afrobeats with “Is It A Crime” |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/news/1553}}</ref> . Byongeye kandi, alubumu ya kabiri yakiriye Grammy nomination ya Rema kuri Album nziza yumuziki wisi yose yaranze nomero ya mbere ya Grammy ya Rema <ref name=":1" /> . === 2025: ''Uruhinja (Nicyaha)'' na ''Bout U.'' === Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2025, Rema yasohoye indirimbo ' Uruhinja (Ni Icyaha) ' yerekana icyitegererezo cya Sade cyo mu 1985 ' Ni Icyaha '. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine-Edet |first=Aniekan |date=2025-02-07 |title=Rema Releases Greatly Anticipated Single “Baby (Is It A Crime?)”, Alongside Music Video |url=https://www.mavinrecords.com/2025/02/07/rema-releases-greatly-anticipated-single-baby-is-it-a-crime-alongside-music-video/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Mavin |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rema's 'Is It A Crime' is the most streamed Nigerian song of 2025 so far on Spotify {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/remas-is-it-a-crime-is-the-most-streamed-nigerian-song-of-2025-so-far-on-spotify-2025022414232753460 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> yaramenyekanye cyane, ihinduka imwe mu ndirimbo zo muri Nigeriya zikunzwe cyane mu 2025. Ku ya 11 Mata 2025, Rema yasohoye indi ndirimbo yitwa ' Bout U '. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Horvath |first=Zachary |date=2025-04-11 |title=Rema Is Completely Infatuated On Afro-R&amp;B Fusion Single "Bout U" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/901594-rema-bout-u-stream |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamo |first=Heran |date=2025-04-10 |title=Rema Releases Intoxicating Afro-R&B Single ‘Bout U’ Ahead of His Coachella Debut: Stream It Now |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/rema-bout-u-single-listen-1235943968/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku ya 28 Nzeri 2020, Rema yanditse ku rubuga rwa Twitter ashinja Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije (PDP) ku ruhare bagize mu rupfu rwa se, Justice Ikubor, wahoze ari umuyobozi w'iryo shyaka. <ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2020 |title=PDP must explain what happened to my father – Rema {{!}} The Nation |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/pdp-must-explain-what-happened-to-my-father-rema/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001004905/https://thenationonlineng.net/pdp-must-explain-what-happened-to-my-father-rema/ |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020 |work=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2020 |title=Explain how my father died – Rema tells PDP |url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/09/28/explain-how-my-father-died-rema-tells-pdp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120080701/https://dailypost.ng/2020/09/28/explain-how-my-father-died-rema-tells-pdp/ |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=Daily Post Nigeria}}</ref> Nubwo Rema yemerewe kwiga muri kaminuza ya Lagos mu 2022, byabaye ngombwa ko ava muri icyo kigo mu 2023 kubera imyigaragambyo y’abakozi ba ASUU ikomeje. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Rema: Biography, Age, Girlfriend, Education, Songs, and More |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/05/18/rema-biography-age-girlfriend-education-songs-and-things-you-may-not-know/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003112511/https://newswirengr.com/2022/05/18/rema-biography-age-girlfriend-education-songs-and-things-you-may-not-know/ |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2023 |title=I abandoned UNILAG admission because of ASUU strike – Rema |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/video-i-abandoned-unilag-admission-because-of-asuu-strike-rema/ |access-date=10 September 2023 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> == Ingaruka == ''Rolling Stone'' yagize ati "Rema nta gushidikanya kandi yishimye kuba ikimenyetso cy’izamuka rya Afrobeats ku isi." <ref name=":113">{{Cite web |date=26 December 2023 |title=The 40 Best Afropop Songs of 2023 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-40-best-afropop-songs-of-2023-1234929225/ |access-date=11 January 2024}}</ref> Kwandika ku ''munsi w’ubucuruzi'' Anthony Udugba yavuze ko Rema "yaguye icyerekezo" cy’umuziki nyafurika ku isi yose. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Udugba |first=Anthony |date=8 November 2023 |title=How Rema became Nigeria's biggest music act of 2023 |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/how-rema-became-nigerias-biggest-music-act-of-2023/ |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> ''Guardian yo muri Nijeriya'' yagize iti "Mu gihe imiterere ya Afrobeats ikomeje gutera imbere, izamuka rya Rema ryashyizeho urwego rwo hejuru, ryerekana umuziki wa Nijeriya ukunzwe ku isi hose ikunze ndetse ku rwego mpuzamahanga." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kareem |first=Itunu Azeez |date=20 December 2023 |title=REMA'S R&R ALBUM IS AFROBEATS MOST STREAMED 2023 |url=https://guardian.ng/life/remas-rr-album-tops-afrobeats-streaming-charts-in-2023/ |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> ''Kavukire'' yagize ati "Ntibishoboka gusiba ikimenyetso yasize ku mateka ya Afrobeats." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abimbolu |first=Debola |date=22 March 2020 |title=HOW REMA HAS CHANGED THE AFROPOP GAME IN ONLY ONE YEAR |url=https://thenativemag.com/remas-ambitious-rema-debut-ep/ |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> Victor Okpala yagize ati "Ijwi rya Rema ryashimangiye umwanya we nk'inzira nyabagendwa." <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2023 |title=Rema's hit single, 'Calm Down,' reaches 1bn streams on Spotify |url=https://punchng.com/remas-hit-single-calm-down-reaches-1bn-streams-on-spotify/ |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> Abamunenga benshi bamushimye kuba yararenze inzitizi kandi akangurira abandi bahanzi bo muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Acho |first=Affa |date=December 2023 |title=Rema's 'Calm Down' Emerges as Global Shazam Champion of 2023, Breaks Records Worldwide |url=https://leadership.ng/remas-calm-down-emerges-as-global-shazam-champion-of-2023-breaks-records-worldwide/ |access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Presidency congratulates Rema on MTV award, says music resonates with audiences worldwide |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/presidency-congratulates-rema-on-mtv-award-says-music-resonates-with-audiences-worldwide/ |access-date=11 January 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Maybelle |date=6 December 2023 |title=Rema brings the heat |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/rema-interview-2023 |access-date=11 January 2024}}</ref> “Rema arashimangira umwanya we nk'umwe mu bahanzi bakomeye ba Afrobeat bo mu gisekuru cye, hamwe n'umurage uzibukwa mu myaka iri imbere.” == Ubucukumbuzi == === Album za studio === * ''Rave &amp; Roses'' (2022) * ''Heis'' (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dare |first=Gbolahan |date=2025-05-09 |title=Rema said to release upcoming song "Screech" |url=https://vistasongs.com.ng/music/rema-screech |url-status=dead |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=VistaSongs |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gutanga ibihembo == == Ingendo == '''Umutwe''' * Rave &amp; Roses Urugendo rwisi (2022) == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m5a5btai5xxuet3nd0mpzc55iwhtckw 0 18799 149375 146095 2026-11-07T21:07:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Alexis Kagame | birth_date = 15 Gicurasi 1912 | birth_place = Kiyanza (Buliza), [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], [[Rwanda]] | death_date = 2 Ukuboza 1981 | death_place = [[Nairobi]], Kenya | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umupadiri wa [[Kiliziya Gatolika]], umufilozofe, umuhanga mu ndimi, umuhanga mu mateka, umusizi | known_for = ''La Philosophie bantu-rwandaise de l'être'' (1956); ubushakashatsi ku mateka n'ubuvanganzo bwa kera bw'u Rwanda }} '''Alexis Kagame''' (15 Gicurasi 1912 – 2 Ukuboza 1981) yari umupadiri wa [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] w'Umunyarwanda, [[Filozofi|umufilozofe]], umuhanga mu ndimi, umuhanga mu mateka n'umusizi. Azwi cyane ku bushakashatsi yakoze ku mateka avugwa, imigenzo n'ubuvanganzo bw'u Rwanda rwa kera, no ku bitabo bye bya filozofiya bishingiye ku ndimi z'Ikibantu. Yanditse ibitabo byinshi mu [[Igifaransa]] no mu [[Ikinyarwanda]], harimo n'imivugo. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, yagize uruhare muri politiki, bamwe mu bahanga b'i Burayi bamufata nk'umuyobozi w'ibitekerezo w'umuco n'uburenganzira bw'[[Abatutsi]] guhera mu myaka ya 1940. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Kagame yavukiye i Kiyanza mu Buliza, mu Murenge wa Murambi wo mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] ([[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]]), mu muryango w'abiru ([[Abiru]]) bari abajyanama b'umwami kandi bakaba barazwe kubika amateka y'ibwami. Igihe yavukaga, u Rwanda rwategekwaga n'[[Abadage]]; nyuma rwaje gutegekwa n'[[Ububiligi]], maze bamwe mu bo mu muryango we bayoboka [[Kiliziya Gatolika]].<ref name="dacb">{{Cite web |title=Kagame, Alexis |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/rwanda/kagame_1alexis.html |website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728180209/http://www.dacb.org/stories/rwanda/kagame_1alexis.html |archive-date=2017-07-28 |language=en}}</ref> Yize mu Iseminari nto ya [[Kabgayi]] kuva mu Ukwakira 1928 kugeza mu 1933, akomereza mu Iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda, ahabwa ubupadiri mu 1941. Mu myaka ya 1940 na 1950, yayoboye ikinyamakuru gatolika ''Kinyamateka''. Mu 1950, yabaye Umunyafurika wa mbere winjiye mu Ishuri rikuru ry'Ububiligi ry'ubumenyi bw'ibihugu by'ubukoloni (''Institut royal colonial belge'').<ref name="dacb" /> === Muri politiki === Mu 1952, yanditse igitabo ''Le Code des institutions politiques du Rwanda précolonial'', ashyigikira inshuti ye Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] n'imitegekere ya kera y'u Rwanda ishingiye ku buhake. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwabibonyemo imbogamizi, busaba umwepiskopi we kumwohereza i [[Roma]]. Ahageze, yize muri Kaminuza ya Gregoriyana, ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (doctorat) muri filozofiya. Yinjiye kandi mu itsinda ''Les Prêtres noirs'', ry'abanyeshuri b'Abanyafurika biga tewolojiya bashakaga gushingira ku bukirisitu mu guharanira ubwigenge bwa Afurika.<ref name="vinck">{{Cite journal |last=Vinck |first=Honoré |title=Alexis Kagame and Aequatoria: Contribution to the biography of Alexis Kagame (1912-1981) |journal=Annales Aequatoria |volume=16 |year=1995 |pages=467–586}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwe, inyandiko ze n'ibitekerezo bye bya politiki ntibyashimishaga abapadiri b'Abanyaburayi n'ubutegetsi bw'Ababiligi, bwashakaga gusimbuza ubwami repubulika. Ni yo mpamvu bimwe mu bitabo bye byaciwemo ibice cyangwa bigahagarikwa. Inyandiko yanditse mu 1945 ku [[Ubwiru|bwiru]] (amategeko y'ibanga y'ibwami) yafatiriwe n'ingabo z'abakoloni, isohorwa n'abahanga b'Ababiligi mu 1964 gusa.<ref name="vinck" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=d'Hertefelt |first1=Marcel |last2=Coupez |first2=André |title=La Royauté sacrée de l'ancien Rwanda |publisher=Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale |location=Tervuren |year=1964 |language=fr}}</ref> Rimwe na rimwe, ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwamufungiraga iwe kugira ngo bugabanye ijambo rye muri politiki.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harroy |first=Jean-Paul |title=Rwanda : De la féodalité à la démocratie 1955-1962 |publisher=Hayez |year=1984 |page=145 |language=fr}}</ref> === Agarutse mu Rwanda === Agarutse mu Rwanda mu 1958, yigishije mu iseminari gatolika. Mu 1963, yabaye umwe mu barimu ba mbere ba Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda i [[Butare]], anigisha by'igihe gito muri Kaminuza ya Lubumbashi. Nyuma y'ubwigenge, yaharaniye ko ubukirisitu bwahuzwa n'umuco nyafurika.<ref name="dacb" /> Yari mwene wabo wa [[Landoald Ndasingwa]] na mushiki we [[Louise Mushikiwabo]], wamuvuze nk'umugabo muremure, ufite urugwiro n'urwenya. Yapfuye atunguranye ku ya 2 Ukuboza 1981, ubwo yari mu ruzinduko i [[Nairobi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mushikiwabo |first1=Louise |last2=Kramer |first2=Jack |title=Rwanda Means the Universe: A Native's Memoir of Blood and Bloodlines |url=https://archive.org/details/rwandameansunive00mush |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rwandameansunive00mush/page/146 146]–147 |language=en}}</ref> == Ibikorwa == === Amateka n'imibereho y'abantu === Kagame yakusanyije inyandiko nyinshi z'ingenzi z'amateka avugwa, azikuye ku bari abatware b'ibwami mbere y'ubukoloni. Ariko yasohoye incamake n'ibisobanuro gusa, kuko yari yarasezeranyije abamuhaye ayo makuru ko atazabisohora byose bakiriho.<ref name="vinck" /> Nk'uko Claudine Vidal abivuga, intego ye nyamukuru yari ubwami bugendera ku itegeko nshinga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidal |first=Claudine |title=Sociologie des passions : Côte d'Ivoire, Rwanda |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |year=1991 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwe bwerekanaga u Rwanda rwa mbere y'ubukoloni nk'igihugu cyari gifite ubwumvikane, aho [[ubuhake]] bwahuzaga abantu. Umuhanga mu mibereho y'abantu w'Umubiligi Jacques Maquet yashingiye kuri izo nyandiko. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwagaragaje ko iyo shusho itari yuzuye, kuko ititaga ku [[uburetwa]].<ref name="pottier">{{Cite book |last=Pottier |first=Johan |title=Re-imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/reimaginingrwand0000pott |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-52873-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/reimaginingrwand0000pott/page/110 110]–111, 204 |language=en}}</ref> === Filozofiya n'indimi === Azwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga cyane cyane ku bitabo bibiri: * ''La Philosophie bantu-rwandaise de l'être'' (1956), isesengura ry'Ikinyarwanda n'umuco nyarwanda ku bijyanye n'igitekerezo cy'« ukubaho »; * ''La Philosophie bantu comparée'' (1976), ubushakashatsi bwagutse bukubiyemo indimi zose z'Ikibantu. Muri ibyo bitabo, Kagame agaragaza ko imiterere y'indimi z'Ikibantu ikubiyemo filozofiya yihariye nyafurika. Abamunenga bavuga ko yashyize ibitekerezo bya Arisitote ku ndimi zitateguwe nkana.<ref name="dacb" /> Yanditse kandi ibitabo byinshi by'imivugo, kandi yagize uruhare mu guhindura [[Bibiliya]] mu Kinyarwanda. == Ibitabo yanditse == * ''Le Code des institutions politiques du Rwanda précolonial'', 1952 * ''La Philosophie bantu-rwandaise de l'être'', [[Buruseli]], 1956 * ''Les Milices du Rwanda précolonial'', Buruseli, 1963 * ''Introduction aux grands genres lyriques de l'ancien Rwanda'', Butare, Éditions universitaires du Rwanda, 1969 * ''Un abrégé de l'ethno-histoire du Rwanda'', Butare, Éditions universitaires du Rwanda, 1972–1975 (imibumbe 2) * ''La Philosophie bantu comparée'', Paris, Présence africaine, 1976 == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Abiru]] * [[Ubwiru]] * [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite journal |last=Nzabatsinda |first=Anthère |title=‘Traduttore traditore’: Alexis Kagame's transposition of Kinyarwanda poetry into French |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=12 |issue=2 |year=1999 |pages=203–210 |language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagame, Alexis}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abafilozofe]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwami bw'u Rwanda]] fby83ovamucs5dyglyvp60796eu3mjr 0 18901 149458 144234 2026-11-07T21:38:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 149458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Virunga Mountain Gorilla.jpg|thumb|Ingagi zo muri Pariki ya Virunga muri Kongo |181x181px]] [[Dosiye:A Park ranger with AK-47 Machine gun in a bamboo forest , Volcanoes National Park Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|203x203px|'''A Park ranger with AK-47 Machine gun in a bamboo forest, Virunga National Park Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera''']] '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga''' ni agace karinzwe cyane muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba mu igihugu cya [[Kongo|Congo]], karimo amoko arenga igihumbi y’inyamabere, [[inyoni]], ibikururuka hasi, na amphibian ndetse n’[[ingagi]] zo mu misozi. Virunga iherereye ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba bw’ikibaya cya [[Kongo]], n' ishyamba rya kabiri rinini ku [[isi]] mu amashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha, Virunga yamenyekanye nka parike y’umuriro n’ibarafu kubera aho ituye itandukanye kuva ku mpinga ya Rwenzori kugeza mu kibaya cya savanna no mu misozi y’ibirunga. Mu 1979 ryashyizwe k'urutonde ndangamurage rwa UNESCO, Virunga ihora ibangamiwe n'intambara, guhiga ndetse n'ibikorwa bitemewe ndetse n'ibiza bidasanzwe.<ref>https://virunga.org/</ref><ref name=":0">https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/63</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Virunga National Park Gorilla.jpg|thumb]] Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga ni parike y'igihugu mu kibaya cya Albertine Rift mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Yashinzwe mu 1925. Mu butumburuke, ifite uburebure bwa metero 680 mu kibaya cy’umugezi wa Semliki kugera kuri metero 5109 (16,762 ft) mu misozi ya Rwenzori. Uhereye mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo igera kuri kilometero 300 (190 mi), ahanini ugana ku mipaka mpuzamahanga na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] n'u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba. Ifite ubuso bwa 8.090 km2 (3,120 sq mi).<ref name=":0" /> Ibirunga bibiri Nyiragongo na Nyamuragira, biri muri parike ya Virunga. Amoko arenga 3.000 y’ibinyabuzima n’indabyo yaranditswe, muri yo arenga 300 aboneka muri Rift Albertine harimo ingagi zo mu burasirazuba (Gorilla beringei) n’inguge (Cercopithecus kandti).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.virunga-volcanoes.org/volcanoes/nyiragongo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-17 |archive-date=2024-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717080638/https://www.virunga-volcanoes.org/volcanoes/nyiragongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.virunga-volcanoes.org/volcanoes/nyiragongo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-17 |archive-date=2024-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717080638/https://www.virunga-volcanoes.org/volcanoes/nyiragongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo}} [[Ikiciro:Congo]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] 95ygfxi3ps2y1i62xqb84i94n2ehhj9 0 19019 149268 139903 2026-11-07T19:50:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149268 wikitext text/x-wiki ikigo gishinze ubutaka kibinyujije mu ishami ryimikoreshereze yubutaka gitanga serivisi zimikoreshereze yubutaka, izi serivisi zigamije ikoresha rirambye ry'ubutaka, iterambere ryubukungu nimibereho myiza yabaturage mu Rwanda.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113][https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/] zimwe muri izi serivisi nizi zikurikira ====== iyandikisha ry'imikoreshereze yubutaka ====== iyi serivisi irebana niyandikwa ryicyo ubutaka bwajyenewe gukoreshwa. iyi serivisi yifashishwa mu iyandikisha ry'ubutaka n'itangwa ry'ibyangombwa byabwo [https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/] ===== igenamigambi ry'imikoreshereze yubutaka ===== iyi serivise iyanye nitegurwa ryimikoreshereze yubutaka ndetse nicyo bwajjyenewe mubice bijyiyebitandukanye. urugero imiturire, ubucuruzi, ibikorwa rusanjye ,ubuhinzi nibindi bigiye bitandukanye nkuko itegeko ribijyena.[https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113] ==== indanganturo ==== 1.https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/ 3.https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 2st7edklxtkkwy8u8euncf1yro1unt9 0 19177 149276 139631 2026-11-07T20:02:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Rwamagana]] nikamwe muturere tujyize igihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]] kakaba kari mumajyepfo icyindi kakaba numugi mukuru wamajyepfo, kakaba gakataje mu iterambere aho usanga abasaga 500 barimo urubyiruko babonye akazi mumirimo igiye itandukanye harimo kubaka, aho bari kubaka isoko rya kijyambere rizafasha abahaturiye mubijyanye nubucuruzi ndetse niterambere muri rusajye.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240819080803/https://ukwelitimes.com/rwamagana-imirimo-yo-kubaka-isoko-rigezweho-irarimbanyije/] === menya rwamagana === Akarere ka [[Rwamagana]] kajyizwe nicyari akarere ka [[Muhazi WFC|Muhazi]], icyari akarere ka Bicumbi, imirenge 2 yari iyagasabo (Fumbwe na Mununu) n'imirenge 3 yari iyakabarondo (kaduha,Rweru na NKungu) hiyongereyeho icyari umujyi wa [[Rwamagana]].[http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=72] === indanganturo === 1.https://web.archive.org/web/20240819080803/https://ukwelitimes.com/rwamagana-imirimo-yo-kubaka-isoko-rigezweho-irarimbanyije/ 2.http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=72 9qa21xzqqflpj4egxh614uj2ubghnni 0 19301 149277 141909 2026-11-07T20:02:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149277 wikitext text/x-wiki Rwamagana nikamwe muturere tujyize igihugu cy'uRwanda kakaba kari mumajyepfo ikindi kakaba numugi mukuru wamajyepfo kakaba gakataje mwiterambere aho usanga abasaga 500 barimo urubyiruko babonye akazi mumirimo igiye itandukanye harimo kubaka, aho barikubaka isoko rya kijyembere riazafasha abahaturiye mubijyanye nubucuruzi ndetse niterambere muri rusange.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240819080803/https://ukwelitimes.com/rwamagana-imirimo-yo-kubaka-isoko-rigezweho-irarimbanyije/] === Rwamagana === Akarere ka Rwamagana kajyizwe nicyari akarere ka muhazi, icyari Akarere ka Bicumbi ,imirenge ibiri yari iyagasabo(fumbwe na Mununu) nimirenge itatu ya kabarondo (kaduha,rweru, na nkunga) hiyongereyeho icyari umujyi wa Rwamagana.[http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=72] === inkomoko === === 1.https://web.archive.org/web/20240819080803/https://ukwelitimes.com/rwamagana-imirimo-yo-kubaka-isoko-rigezweho-irarimbanyije/ === === 2. http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=72 === 6z8q9xgrd3pfkqczicbe9nos6w8t3w4 0 19314 149303 139863 2026-11-07T20:10:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149303 wikitext text/x-wiki Umushinga w'iterambere rya coperative y'ibirayi wateguwe unashyirwa mubikorwa kuva mu 2017 , numuryango wabahinzi, ibirayi biri mubuhingwa bibyara umusaruro mwinshi mwiterambere ry'uRwanda kandi amakoperative ya Muhanga agira uruhare runini rwokubika imbuto ndetse noguhunika ibirayi.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240829105733/https://imbaraga.org/kiny/?THRIVE-Project] Agriterra ni ikigo cyubuhinzi cyashinzwe mu 1997 n'umuryango w'abahinzi w'abaholandi bafite inego yokojyera ubushobozi mubice binyuranye ku isi.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240829100244/https://rcs.gov.rw/gereza-ya-muhanga-ibikorwa-byumusaruro-bifasha-abagororwa-kugira-imibereho-myiza/] ==== coperative uko zikora ==== Mu bufatanye na AGRITERRA umuryango IMBARAGA ufasha izi coperative zihinga ibirayi murwego rwokubafasha kuba ibigo byubucuruzi biteye imbere. AGRITERRA ikorana n'IMBARAGA kuva mu 1998 . imishinga yose igamije kongera ubushobozi IMBARAGA kugirango ibashe kugeza serivisi nziza kubahinzi mu rwego rwo kubafasha kuzamura imibereho yabo no kuva mu bukene.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240829105733/https://imbaraga.org/kiny/?THRIVE-Project] === inkompoko === 1.https://imbaraga.org/kiny/?THRIVE-Project 2.https://web.archive.org/web/20240829100244/https://rcs.gov.rw/gereza-ya-muhanga-ibikorwa-byumusaruro-bifasha-abagororwa-kugira-imibereho-myiza/ 3rzeddcmp22nbtb4g94usnrn2745u9d 0 19332 149465 147079 2026-11-07T21:42:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 149465 wikitext text/x-wiki == ubuyobozi bw'umushinga. == '''Umushinga'''<ref>https://visitrwanda.com/interests/cycling/</ref> ''':''' ni umugambi wumuntu kugiti cye cyangwa afatanyije nabandi wateguwe neza kugirango ugere kuntego runak<ref>https://www.motorcycle.com/</ref>a. '''ubuyobozi:'''n'igikorwa cyokuyobora itsinda ry'abantu cyangwa umuryango. '''ubuyobozi bwumushinga:'''nigikorwa cyo kuyobora umushinga binyuze mugukoresha neza ubumenyi, ubumenyi ngiro, ubumenyere, ibikoresho, n'ubumenyere mubikorwa by'umushinga kugirango ugere kuntego zawo.<ref>https://imbere.rw/2022/09/18/uko-wategura-umushinga/</ref> === ''ibice by'ingenzi bigize umushinga.'' === 1.gutangira umushinga<ref>[https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/what-is-project-management/#:~:text=Project%20management%20is%20the%20application,a%20finite%20timescale%20and%20budget. https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/what-is-project-management/#:~:text=Project%20management%20is%20the%20application,a%20finite%20timescale%20and%20budget.]</ref> 2.gutegura umushinga 3.gushyira mubikorwa <ref>https://visitrwanda.com/interests/cycling/</ref> 4.gukurikirana no kugenzura umushinga<ref>https://visitrwanda.com/interests/cycling/</ref> 5.gusoza umushinga == 1.gutangira umushinga: == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 9o119j15jkcgx6me3m550bynvwe1p9q 0 19335 149467 147494 2026-11-07T21:42:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 149467 wikitext text/x-wiki imitekerereze yumuntu nubushobozi bwo mumutwe umuntu aba afite bwo kurema amashusho mumutwe no gufata ibyemezo.ariko akenshi harigihe umuntu ashobora gutekereza nabi bitewe nimirire mibi idakungahaye kuntunga mubiri zifasha ubwonko gukora neza<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83386/dore-ibanga-ryo-gukuza-imitekerereze-yawe-ku-rugero-rungana-83386.html</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} ghrvbqklokcwhkgbav3jk2k3hlgkkx0 0 19363 149302 134818 2026-11-07T20:09:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itahiwacu Bruce''' ( yavutse ku ya 3 Werurwe 1992 ), bakunze kwita '''Bruce Melodie''' uzwi ku izina rya '''Munyakazi''' ni umuririmbyi [[Rwanda|wo mu Rwanda]] yatsindiye Primus Guma Guma Super Star inshuro 8 PGGSS . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=All |date=26 May 2017 |title=Rwanda: Word Has It...Bruce Melody Heads to Coke Studio Africa |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201705260081.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Culture |first=Afri |date=17 March 2015 |title=Bruce Melody warns musicians on record deals |url=http://africultures.com/murmures/?no=17589 |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-15 |title=Bruce Melodie crowned PGGSS 8 winner |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-crowned-pggss-8-winner |access-date=2021-10-22 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> Niwe washinze Ig бар umuziki wanditseho Label. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2020 |title=I Don't do Music for Money - Bruce Melody |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/04/i-dont-do-music-for-money-bruce-melody/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2018 |title=WHO IS MR. MELODIE ? |url=https://www.coca-cola.com.ng/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Kenya}}</ref> Bruce kandi ni ambasaderi w'ikirango cya [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]] na Primus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-04 |title=Bruce Melodie signs Rwf 150 million deal with Kigali Arena as brand ambassador |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-signs-rwf-150-million-deal-BK-arena-brand-ambassador |access-date=2021-10-22 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> Akora umuziki we muri 1:55 AM label yari iyobowe n'umutoza Gael. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jane |first=Ishimwe |title=Umujyanama wa Bruce Melodie yashyize igorora abahanzi bagorwaga no gukorera ibitaramo muri America |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umujyanama-wa-bruce-melodie-yashyize-igorora-abahanzi-bagorwaga-no-gukorera |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Umuryango - Kinyarwanda}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2023, Bruce melody yasohoye indirimbo ya mbere. Iyo ari hafi irimo Jamaica ikora ibitaramo mpuzamahanga Shaggy. == Amateka == === Imyaka yo hambere === Bruce Itahiwacu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew |first=Shyaka |date=23 April 2020 |title=I Don't Do Music for Money – Bruce Melody |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/04/i-dont-do-music-for-money-bruce-melody/ |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=KT Press}}</ref> yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Karere ka Kicukiro]] . Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w'abana bane uhagarariwe na Gervain Ntibihangana (se ) na Velene Muteteri wapfuye mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2015 |title=PGGSS5 contestant: I will sing till my last day on earth - Bruce Melodie |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190261 |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> Bruce yize amashuri abanza ya Camp Kanombe i Kanombe, amashuri yisumbuye ayiga mu ishuri rya kisilamu rya Rwamagana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Andrew |date=23 January 2015 |title=How Bruce Melody struck the right note |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Lifestyle/How-Bruce-Melody-struck-the-right-note-/1433242-2600130-ay36dt/index.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> === Umwuga wa muzika === Bruce afatwa nk'umuyobozi w'umucuranzi wu Rwanda. Yatangiye kuririmba akiri muto muri korari y'itorero maze asohora indirimbo ye ya mbere ya alubumu Tubivemo munsi yitwa, ''Ndumiwe'', muri Kanama 2013. Album ye ya kabiri, ''Ntundize'', yasohotse mu 2014. Muri kiriya gihe, Bruce yabarizwaga muri Super Level Music Label. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kagire |first=Edmund |date=23 August 2014 |title=Three stars to fight for Guma Guma title |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Lifestyle/Three-stars-to-fight-for-Guma-Guma-title-/1433242-2428330-gnoauuz/index.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2021, Bruce yatangaje ko yasinyanye na Cloud 9 Entertainment <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-18 |title=Will Ndayisaba be the man to take Rwandan music to the next level? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/will-ndayisaba-be-man-take-rwandan-music-next-level |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> kugira ngo akurikirane umwuga we wa muzika, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-16 |title=Bruce Melodie vows to 'conquer Africa' under new management |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-vows-conquer-africa-under-new-management |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> ariko muri 2022 asesa amasezerano na Lee maze yinjira mu buyobozi bushya, 1:55 AM Imyidagaduro, iyobowe n'umutoza wa Gael Karomba AKA Gael . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Gatera |date=January 19, 2024 |title=It's a 'forever' deal, investor coach Gael on Bruce Melodie's partnership with UGB |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/13902/sports/basketball/its-a-forever-deal-investor-coach-gael-on-bruce-melodies-partnership-with-ugb |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=The New Times}}</ref> ==== Album za studio ==== Yakinnye ibitaramo mu Rwanda no mu bihugu duturanye, harimo na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kandi akorana n'abahanzi benshi, barimo Urban Boyz, Umwamikazi Cha, JayC, Sheebah Karungi, [[Palaso|Pallaso]], B2C, [[Fik fameica]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=News |date=24 April 2018 |title=Bruce Melodie speaks about his collabo with Sheebah |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-speaks-about-his-collabo-sheebah |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> na Khaligraph Jones. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2017 |title=Rwanda's Bruce Melodie to collaborate with Kenyan Rapper Khaligraph Jones |url=http://www.nonaha.com/rwanda-s-bruce-melodie-to-collaborate-with-kenyan-rapper-khaligraph-jones |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125132044/http://nonaha.com/rwanda-s-bruce-melodie-to-collaborate-with-kenyan-rapper-khaligraph-jones |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yise Craig David nk'intumwa ye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2015 |title=PGGSS5 contestant: I will sing till my last day on earth - Bruce Melodie |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190261 |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> Niwe [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wambere wu Rwanda waririmbye muri Coke Studio ( Afrika ) | Coke Studio Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coke Studio Africa - Artist - Bruce Melodie |url=http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=coca-cola.co.ug}}</ref> . Muri 2020 Bruce melodie yareze Kenny Sol na Juno kizigenza. Mu 2023 yagaragaye mu ndirimbo ya Harmonize yitwa Zanzibar. == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award !Category !Nominee(s) !Result !Ref |- |2014 |Salax Awards |Best RnB Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=Salax Awards ku nshuro ya gatandatu yitabiriwe n'abantu mbarwa |url=http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118034858/http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |archive-date=18 November 2014 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> |- |2016 |Salax Awards |Best Male Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Salax Awards Rwanda 2019: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salax-awards-rwanda-2019-all-winners}}</ref> |- |2017 |HiPipo Awards |Song of the Year (Rwanda) |Turaberanye | {{nom}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2017 |title=HiPipo Music Awards: Here's the full list of winners |url=https://bigeye.ug/hipipo-music-awards-heres-full-list-winners/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924201006/http://bigeye.ug/hipipo-music-awards-heres-full-list-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasadah |first=Badru |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Sheebah lands 11 nominations at HiPipo Music Awards |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/sheebah-lands-11-nominations-hipipo-music-awards.html |access-date=September 3, 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128160258/https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/sheebah-lands-11-nominations-hipipo-music-awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie &#124; HiPipo |url=https://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2020-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810075651/https://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/bruce-melodie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2018 |Salax Awards |Best Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2019 |title=Salax Awards: Winners in limbo as organisers fail to honour promises |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/salax-awards-winners-limbo-organisers-fail-honour-promises |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> |- |2018 |PGGS8 |Best Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Salax Awards Rwanda 2019: All the winners |url=http://rwandatoday.africa/Predictable-end-to-Primus-Guma-Guma-season-8-contest/3311260-4678514-ed7tq9/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2018 |title=Bruce Melodie reveals secret behind winning Primus Guma Guma show |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/bruce-melodie-reveals-secret-behind-winning-primus-guma-guma-show |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> |- |2019 |Salax Awards |Best R & B Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salax Awards ntiyitabiriwe cyane ugereranije na mbere |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/Salax-Awards-ntiyitabiriwe-cyane-ugereranije-na-mbere |website=Kigali Today}}</ref> |- |2019 |Salax Awards |Best male artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto" /> |- |2019 |Kiss Summer Awards |Best Summer Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=Abegukanye ibihembo bya 'Kiss Summer Awards 2019' batangajwe-AMAFOTO |url=http://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93370/abegukanye-ibihembo-bya-kiss-summer-awards-2019-batangajwe-amafoto-93370.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=Bruce Melody niwe wegukanye igihembo cya 'Kiss Summer Award' |url=https://teradignews.rw/bruce-melodie-niwe-wegukanye-igihembo-cya-kiss-summer-award/}}</ref> |- |2019 |HiPipo Awards |Song of the Year (Rwanda) |Embeera zo | {{nom}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iranzi |first=Fabrice |date=March 19, 2019 |title=The final list of the HIPIPO Music Awards winners , 8th edition |url=https://regionweek.com/the-final-list-of-the-hipipo-music-awards-winners-8th-edition/ |website=RegionWeek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees &#124; HiPipo Music Awards &#124; #WeTheBest #Africa |url=https://hma.hipipo.com/nominees/}}</ref> |- |2019 |HiPipo Awards |Video of the Year (Rwanda) |Blocka | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2019 |title=2019 HiPipo Music Awards Uganda: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2019-hipipo-music-awards-uganda-all-winners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Online - Winners of the Hipipo 2019 Awards |url=https://www.ugandaonline.net/2019193_winners_of_the_hipipo_2019_awards |website=ugandaonline.net |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2024-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623213306/https://ugandaonline.net/2019193_winners_of_the_hipipo_2019_awards |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2021 |The Choice Awards |Artist of the Year |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie, Meddy na Tom Close mu begukanye The Choice Awards; reba abatsinze bose |url=http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-choice-awards-urutonde-rw-abegukanye-ibihembo-amafoto}}</ref> |- |2021 |Kiss Summer Award 2021 |Best Summer Artist |Bruce Melodie |{{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2021 |title=How the Kiss Summer Awards 2021 went down |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/how-kiss-summer-awards-2021-went-down}}</ref> |- |2023 |Trace Awards |Best Rwandan Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2021 |title=Bruce Melodie on Being first Rwandan musician to win Trace Award - The New Times |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/11770/entertainment/music/bruce-melodie-on-being-first-rwandan-musician-to-win-trace-award}}</ref> |} == Agaciro == [[Bruce Melodie]], muri 2021, yatoranijwe nk'umwe mu bahanzi bo mu Rwanda bafite ubukungu buhamye. Bruce Melodie n'itsinda rye batangije TV TV ISIBO TV (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie and partner to launch Isibo TV |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/bruce-melodie-and-partner-to-launch-isibo-tv |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=IGIHE |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130231050/https://en.igihe.com/news/bruce-melodie-and-partner-to-launch-isibo-tv |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasinyanye kandi amasezerano akomeye yo kwemeza na sosiyete ya BROK <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Bruce Melodie Signs Rwf 50M Deal |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/07/bruce-melodie-signs-rwf-50m-deal/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=KT PRESS}}</ref> ya miliyoni 50 z'amafaranga y'u Rwf. Yakoranye n’amasosiyete y'itumanaho yaho (MTN, <ref>{{Cite web |last=mtn |title=Contact |url=https://www.mtn.co.rw/contact/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905212720/http://www.mtn.co.rw:80/contact/ |archive-date=2019-09-05 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=MTN Rwanda}}</ref> Airtel <ref>{{Cite web |title=airtel Rwanda,airtel,my airtel,airtel data plan, airtel customer care, airtel contracts, airtel mobile money, Prepaid, Postpaid, Internet, Broadband, Blackberry Services, International Roaming, telecommunication in rwanda, International Call Rates, airtel Tariffs, Plans, airtel service,airtel phones,airtel website, airtel network, airtel customer care line |url=https://airtel.co.rw/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Airtel}}</ref> ) abinyujije mu kwamamaza kandi yasinyanye na infinix mobile <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=https://www.infinixmobility.com/rw/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Infinix}}</ref> nka ambasaderi wayo. Yasinyanye kandi amasezerano na Tecno mobile muri 2021. Yasinyanye amasezerano mashya na [[Kigali]] Arena yari ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 150 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda maze mu 2021 aba umuherwe mu mafranga y'u Rwanda asinyana amasezerano na miliyoni y'amadorali y'Amerika na Food Bundles. Ari mubacuranzi 20 ba mbere baturutse muri Afrika yuburasirazuba kurutonde rwabaherwe muri USD. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] pwz75wlug4n09rtx6anaci8zovqs6sq 149506 149302 2026-11-08T05:05:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itahiwacu Bruce''' ( yavutse ku ya 3 Werurwe 1992 ), bakunze kwita '''Bruce Melodie''' uzwi ku izina rya '''Munyakazi''' ni umuririmbyi [[Rwanda|wo mu Rwanda]] yatsindiye Primus Guma Guma Super Star inshuro 8 PGGSS . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=All |date=26 May 2017 |title=Rwanda: Word Has It...Bruce Melody Heads to Coke Studio Africa |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201705260081.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Culture |first=Afri |date=17 March 2015 |title=Bruce Melody warns musicians on record deals |url=http://africultures.com/murmures/?no=17589 |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-15 |title=Bruce Melodie crowned PGGSS 8 winner |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-crowned-pggss-8-winner |access-date=2021-10-22 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> Niwe washinze Ig бар umuziki wanditseho Label. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2020 |title=I Don't do Music for Money - Bruce Melody |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/04/i-dont-do-music-for-money-bruce-melody/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2018 |title=WHO IS MR. MELODIE ? |url=https://www.coca-cola.com.ng/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Kenya}}</ref> Bruce kandi ni ambasaderi w'ikirango cya [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]] na Primus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-04 |title=Bruce Melodie signs Rwf 150 million deal with Kigali Arena as brand ambassador |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-signs-rwf-150-million-deal-BK-arena-brand-ambassador |access-date=2021-10-22 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> Akora umuziki we muri 1:55 AM label yari iyobowe n'umutoza Gael. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jane |first=Ishimwe |title=Umujyanama wa Bruce Melodie yashyize igorora abahanzi bagorwaga no gukorera ibitaramo muri America |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umujyanama-wa-bruce-melodie-yashyize-igorora-abahanzi-bagorwaga-no-gukorera |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Umuryango - Kinyarwanda}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2023, Bruce melody yasohoye indirimbo ya mbere. Iyo ari hafi irimo Jamaica ikora ibitaramo mpuzamahanga Shaggy. == Amateka == === Imyaka yo hambere === Bruce Itahiwacu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew |first=Shyaka |date=23 April 2020 |title=I Don't Do Music for Money – Bruce Melody |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/04/i-dont-do-music-for-money-bruce-melody/ |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=KT Press}}</ref> yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Karere ka Kicukiro]] . Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w'abana bane uhagarariwe na Gervain Ntibihangana (se ) na Velene Muteteri wapfuye mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2015 |title=PGGSS5 contestant: I will sing till my last day on earth - Bruce Melodie |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190261 |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> Bruce yize amashuri abanza ya Camp Kanombe i Kanombe, amashuri yisumbuye ayiga mu ishuri rya kisilamu rya Rwamagana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazibwe |first=Andrew |date=23 January 2015 |title=How Bruce Melody struck the right note |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Lifestyle/How-Bruce-Melody-struck-the-right-note-/1433242-2600130-ay36dt/index.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> === Umwuga wa muzika === Bruce afatwa nk'umuyobozi w'umucuranzi wu Rwanda. Yatangiye kuririmba akiri muto muri korari y'itorero maze asohora indirimbo ye ya mbere ya alubumu Tubivemo munsi yitwa, ''Ndumiwe'', muri Kanama 2013. Album ye ya kabiri, ''Ntundize'', yasohotse mu 2014. Muri kiriya gihe, Bruce yabarizwaga muri Super Level Music Label. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kagire |first=Edmund |date=23 August 2014 |title=Three stars to fight for Guma Guma title |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Lifestyle/Three-stars-to-fight-for-Guma-Guma-title-/1433242-2428330-gnoauuz/index.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2021, Bruce yatangaje ko yasinyanye na Cloud 9 Entertainment <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-18 |title=Will Ndayisaba be the man to take Rwandan music to the next level? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/will-ndayisaba-be-man-take-rwandan-music-next-level |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> kugira ngo akurikirane umwuga we wa muzika, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-16 |title=Bruce Melodie vows to 'conquer Africa' under new management |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-vows-conquer-africa-under-new-management |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda}}</ref> ariko muri 2022 asesa amasezerano na Lee maze yinjira mu buyobozi bushya, 1:55 AM Imyidagaduro, iyobowe n'umutoza wa Gael Karomba AKA Gael . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Gatera |date=January 19, 2024 |title=It's a 'forever' deal, investor coach Gael on Bruce Melodie's partnership with UGB |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/13902/sports/basketball/its-a-forever-deal-investor-coach-gael-on-bruce-melodies-partnership-with-ugb |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=The New Times}}</ref> ==== Album za studio ==== Yakinnye ibitaramo mu Rwanda no mu bihugu duturanye, harimo na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kandi akorana n'abahanzi benshi, barimo Urban Boyz, Umwamikazi Cha, JayC, Sheebah Karungi, [[Palaso|Pallaso]], B2C, [[Fik fameica]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=News |date=24 April 2018 |title=Bruce Melodie speaks about his collabo with Sheebah |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bruce-melodie-speaks-about-his-collabo-sheebah |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda}}</ref> na Khaligraph Jones. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2017 |title=Rwanda's Bruce Melodie to collaborate with Kenyan Rapper Khaligraph Jones |url=http://www.nonaha.com/rwanda-s-bruce-melodie-to-collaborate-with-kenyan-rapper-khaligraph-jones |access-date=12 May 2020 |location=Rwanda |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125132044/http://nonaha.com/rwanda-s-bruce-melodie-to-collaborate-with-kenyan-rapper-khaligraph-jones |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yise Craig David nk'intumwa ye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2015 |title=PGGSS5 contestant: I will sing till my last day on earth - Bruce Melodie |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190261 |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> Niwe [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wambere wu Rwanda waririmbye muri Coke Studio ( Afrika ) | Coke Studio Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coke Studio Africa - Artist - Bruce Melodie |url=http://www.coca-cola.co.ug/cokestudio/home/artists/season05/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=coca-cola.co.ug}}</ref> . Muri 2020 Bruce melodie yareze Kenny Sol na Juno kizigenza. Mu 2023 yagaragaye mu ndirimbo ya Harmonize yitwa Zanzibar. == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award !Category !Nominee(s) !Result !Ref |- |2014 |Salax Awards |Best RnB Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2014 |title=Salax Awards ku nshuro ya gatandatu yitabiriwe n'abantu mbarwa |url=http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118034858/http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |archive-date=18 November 2014 |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> |- |2016 |Salax Awards |Best Male Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Salax Awards Rwanda 2019: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salax-awards-rwanda-2019-all-winners}}</ref> |- |2017 |HiPipo Awards |Song of the Year (Rwanda) |Turaberanye | {{nom}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2017 |title=HiPipo Music Awards: Here's the full list of winners |url=https://bigeye.ug/hipipo-music-awards-heres-full-list-winners/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924201006/http://bigeye.ug/hipipo-music-awards-heres-full-list-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasadah |first=Badru |date=December 12, 2016 |title=Sheebah lands 11 nominations at HiPipo Music Awards |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/sheebah-lands-11-nominations-hipipo-music-awards.html |access-date=September 3, 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128160258/https://eagle.co.ug/2016/12/12/sheebah-lands-11-nominations-hipipo-music-awards.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie &#124; HiPipo |url=https://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/bruce-melodie/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2020-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810075651/https://www.hipipo.com/home/artists/bruce-melodie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2018 |Salax Awards |Best Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2019 |title=Salax Awards: Winners in limbo as organisers fail to honour promises |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/salax-awards-winners-limbo-organisers-fail-honour-promises |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> |- |2018 |PGGS8 |Best Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Salax Awards Rwanda 2019: All the winners |url=http://rwandatoday.africa/Predictable-end-to-Primus-Guma-Guma-season-8-contest/3311260-4678514-ed7tq9/index.html |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202045026/https://rwandatoday.africa/Predictable-end-to-Primus-Guma-Guma-season-8-contest/3311260-4678514-ed7tq9/index.html |archive-date=2 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2018 |title=Bruce Melodie reveals secret behind winning Primus Guma Guma show |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/bruce-melodie-reveals-secret-behind-winning-primus-guma-guma-show |website=The New Times &#124; Rwanda}}</ref> |- |2019 |Salax Awards |Best R & B Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salax Awards ntiyitabiriwe cyane ugereranije na mbere |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/Salax-Awards-ntiyitabiriwe-cyane-ugereranije-na-mbere |website=Kigali Today}}</ref> |- |2019 |Salax Awards |Best male artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref name="auto" /> |- |2019 |Kiss Summer Awards |Best Summer Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=Abegukanye ibihembo bya 'Kiss Summer Awards 2019' batangajwe-AMAFOTO |url=http://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93370/abegukanye-ibihembo-bya-kiss-summer-awards-2019-batangajwe-amafoto-93370.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=Bruce Melody niwe wegukanye igihembo cya 'Kiss Summer Award' |url=https://teradignews.rw/bruce-melodie-niwe-wegukanye-igihembo-cya-kiss-summer-award/}}</ref> |- |2019 |HiPipo Awards |Song of the Year (Rwanda) |Embeera zo | {{nom}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iranzi |first=Fabrice |date=March 19, 2019 |title=The final list of the HIPIPO Music Awards winners , 8th edition |url=https://regionweek.com/the-final-list-of-the-hipipo-music-awards-winners-8th-edition/ |website=RegionWeek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominees &#124; HiPipo Music Awards &#124; #WeTheBest #Africa |url=https://hma.hipipo.com/nominees/}}</ref> |- |2019 |HiPipo Awards |Video of the Year (Rwanda) |Blocka | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2019 |title=2019 HiPipo Music Awards Uganda: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2019-hipipo-music-awards-uganda-all-winners}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Online - Winners of the Hipipo 2019 Awards |url=https://www.ugandaonline.net/2019193_winners_of_the_hipipo_2019_awards |website=ugandaonline.net |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2024-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623213306/https://ugandaonline.net/2019193_winners_of_the_hipipo_2019_awards |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2021 |The Choice Awards |Artist of the Year |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie, Meddy na Tom Close mu begukanye The Choice Awards; reba abatsinze bose |url=http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-choice-awards-urutonde-rw-abegukanye-ibihembo-amafoto}}</ref> |- |2021 |Kiss Summer Award 2021 |Best Summer Artist |Bruce Melodie |{{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2021 |title=How the Kiss Summer Awards 2021 went down |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/how-kiss-summer-awards-2021-went-down}}</ref> |- |2023 |Trace Awards |Best Rwandan Artist |Bruce Melodie | {{won}} ! align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2021 |title=Bruce Melodie on Being first Rwandan musician to win Trace Award - The New Times |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/11770/entertainment/music/bruce-melodie-on-being-first-rwandan-musician-to-win-trace-award}}</ref> |} == Agaciro == [[Bruce Melodie]], muri 2021, yatoranijwe nk'umwe mu bahanzi bo mu Rwanda bafite ubukungu buhamye. Bruce Melodie n'itsinda rye batangije TV TV ISIBO TV (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruce Melodie and partner to launch Isibo TV |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/bruce-melodie-and-partner-to-launch-isibo-tv |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=IGIHE |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130231050/https://en.igihe.com/news/bruce-melodie-and-partner-to-launch-isibo-tv |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasinyanye kandi amasezerano akomeye yo kwemeza na sosiyete ya BROK <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Bruce Melodie Signs Rwf 50M Deal |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/07/bruce-melodie-signs-rwf-50m-deal/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=KT PRESS}}</ref> ya miliyoni 50 z'amafaranga y'u Rwf. Yakoranye n’amasosiyete y'itumanaho yaho (MTN, <ref>{{Cite web |last=mtn |title=Contact |url=https://www.mtn.co.rw/contact/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905212720/http://www.mtn.co.rw:80/contact/ |archive-date=2019-09-05 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=MTN Rwanda}}</ref> Airtel <ref>{{Cite web |title=airtel Rwanda,airtel,my airtel,airtel data plan, airtel customer care, airtel contracts, airtel mobile money, Prepaid, Postpaid, Internet, Broadband, Blackberry Services, International Roaming, telecommunication in rwanda, International Call Rates, airtel Tariffs, Plans, airtel service,airtel phones,airtel website, airtel network, airtel customer care line |url=https://airtel.co.rw/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Airtel}}</ref> ) abinyujije mu kwamamaza kandi yasinyanye na infinix mobile <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=https://www.infinixmobility.com/rw/ |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=Infinix}}</ref> nka ambasaderi wayo. Yasinyanye kandi amasezerano na Tecno mobile muri 2021. Yasinyanye amasezerano mashya na [[Kigali]] Arena yari ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 150 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda maze mu 2021 aba umuherwe mu mafranga y'u Rwanda asinyana amasezerano na miliyoni y'amadorali y'Amerika na Food Bundles. Ari mubacuranzi 20 ba mbere baturutse muri Afrika yuburasirazuba kurutonde rwabaherwe muri USD. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] oqlna3etqapsxjc1ij9hntxhsbpjki3 0 19423 149312 126938 2026-11-07T20:15:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kantarama_Gahigiri,_2023.jpg|thumb|Kantarama Gahigiri, 2023]] '''Kantarama Gahigiri''' ( yavutse ku ya 13 Ukuboza 1976 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-22 |title=Cannes 2019 - Avec la réalisatrice Kantarama Gahigiri, la Suisse, le Kenya et le Rwanda sont réunis à Cannes |url=https://www.telerama.fr/festival-de-cannes/2019/cannes-2019-avec-la-realisatrice-kantarama-gahigiri,-la-suisse,-le-kenya-et-le-rwanda-sont-reunis-a,n6262527.php |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=www.telerama.fr |language=fr}}</ref> ) ni umukinnyi wa filime w'umunyarwanda uba mu Busuwisi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=KANTARAMA GAHIGIRI |url=http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/information_publications/festival_search/festivaldetails/-/id_person/2146134057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805172631/http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/information_publications/festival_search/festivaldetails/-/id_person/2146134057 |archive-date=2018-08-05 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=swissfilms.ch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantarama Gahigiri: regista e produttrice tra Ginevra e Kigali |url=https://vadoinafrica.com/kantarama-gahigiri-cinema-rwanda/ |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=vadoinafrica.com}}</ref> Azwi cyane muri firime ''Tapis rouge'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=" Tapis Rouge ", de la banlieue à Cannes |url=https://www.rollingstone.fr/tapis-rouge-de-la-banlieue-a-cannes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805172643/https://www.rollingstone.fr/tapis-rouge-de-la-banlieue-a-cannes/ |archive-date=2018-08-05 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=rollingstone.fr |language=Fr}}</ref> ''Me and U'' , ''Umumarayika Yatakaye nibindi'' byinshi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tapis rouge |url=https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/tapis-rouge,517226.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205322/https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/tapis-rouge,517226.php |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=telerama.fr}}</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye mu ishuri rya Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies hamwe na kaminuza ya New York Institute of Technology . == Umwuga == Filime ya mbere ya Gahigiri ''Tapis Rouge'' yahawe igihembo cyiza cya Filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema ryabereye i Geneve <ref>{{Cite web |title=AWARDS 2014 |url=http://www.giff.ch/2014/?a=58,193 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=giff.ch |archive-date=2018-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203206/http://www.giff.ch/2014/?a=58,193 |url-status=dead }}</ref> no kuyobora neza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Chelsea . Ubu arimo ateza imbere Tanzanite, afro pulp dystopian thriller binyuze muri Realness - Residency of African Screenwriter. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Five projects selected for 2018 African screenwriting residency Realness |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/five-projects-selected-for-2018-african-screenwriting-residency-realness/5129672.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203143/https://www.screendaily.com/news/five-projects-selected-for-2018-african-screenwriting-residency-realness/5129672.article |archive-date=2018-08-05 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=screendaily.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERVIEW KANTARAMA GAHIGIRI |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/rw/en/kul/sup/ug/21308117.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203150/https://www.goethe.de/ins/rw/en/kul/sup/ug/21308117.html |archive-date=2018-08-05 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=goethe.de}}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka !Filimi !Umwanditsi !Umuyobozi !Produce !filimi |- |- |2017 |Né Pour Mourir | style="text-align:center;" |hoya | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |hoya |Filimi ntoya |- |2017 |Lost Angel Less | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego |Filimi ntoya |- |2014 |Pinot in the Grass | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego |Filimi ntoya |- |2014 |Tapis rouge | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | Filimi ntoya<ref>{{Cite web |title=On peut être sur le tapis rouge au festival de Cannes et dormir sous une tente |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2017/05/09/cannes-tapis-rouge_a_22077161/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203206/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2017/05/09/cannes-tapis-rouge_a_22077161/ |archive-date=2018-08-05 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=huffingtonpost.fr |language=Fr}}</ref> |- |- |2013 |Me + U | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego |TV series |- |2011 |The Elevator | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yeo |Filimi ntoya |- |- |2009 |Leila | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego |Filimi ntoya |- |- |2008 |Check | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego | style="text-align:center;" |yego |Filimi ntoya |- |- |} === Nkumukinnyi === * Impuhwe z'ishyamba (2018) * 2B (2009) == Ibihembo == * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Chelsea - Igihembo cyiza cyo kuyobora 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=CHELSEA FILM FESTIVALANNOUNCES 2015 WINNERS |url=https://www.chelseafilm.org/wp-content/uploads/CFF-2015-Winners.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323203331/http://chelseafilm.org/wp-content/uploads/CFF-2015-Winners.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-23 |access-date=2018-08-05 |website=chelseafilm.org}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] 1b68ulbzind0xx9hz0hxcszibwe1fr6 0 19430 149332 146124 2026-11-07T20:34:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ncuti Gatwa-65764.jpg|thumb|Mizero Ncuti Gatwa]] '''Mizero Ncuti Gatwa''' ( yavutse kamera 1992 ) yavukiye mu rwanda gusa ubu atuye mu byongereza akaba ri umukinnyi wa filimi. Yatangiye umyuga wa filimi mu mashuri ya Dundee repertory theatre aho yaje kubona umudari wa Lan chrleson muri 2014 . Icyerekezo cya Gatwa cyagezweho ubwo yakina ari umwangavu w’abahuje ibitsina witwa Eric Effiong muri televiziyo ya Netflix , yerekana ibiganiro ''byerekeranye n’igitsina'' ( 2019–2023 ), byamuhesheje igihembo cya BAFTA Scotland ndetse n’abahatanira ibihembo bitatu bya Televiziyo ya BAFTA . Yagize uruhare runini muri filime ''Barbie'' (2023) hamwe na televiziyo ''Masters of the Air'' (2024), maze arazamuka cyane agaragaza kwigira umuntu wa cumi na gatanu kwa Muganga mu kiganiro cya siyanse ya siyanse ya BBC baza ''Muganga'' ( 2023 - ubungubu ). == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Gatwa yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1992.  i Se, ni Gatwa Tharcisse , ukomoka mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka Karongi]] mu Rwanda, ubu ni umunyamakuru. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=347–363}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2019 |title=Ncuti Gatwa, Umunyarwanda wihagazeho muri filime 'Sex Education' yaciye ibintu kuri Netflix |url=http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719125526/http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |archive-date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |publisher=Isimbi.rw |language=Nyanja}}</ref> Uyu muryango wahunze u Rwanda mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yakorewe [[abatutsi]] muri 1994 maze batura muri otcosse. <ref name="Scottish">{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Black and Scottish — 'I thought I was the only black person in the world' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712235729/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="TNS">{{Cite web |last=Jane McLeod |date=9 May 2022 |title=Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |publisher=[[The National (Scotland)]]}}</ref> Babaga i Oxgangs muri Edinburgh, bimukira i Dunfermline afite imyaka 15. <ref name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gatwa yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Boroughmuir na Dunfermline High School mbere yo kwimukira i Glasgow kwiga muri Royal Conservatoire ya Scotland, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu gukina mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa |url=https://www.dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022150135/https://dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Dundee Rep Theatre}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BA Acting Showcase Class of 2013 |url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116050012/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland}}</ref> Mugihe yiga, yakoraga muri club The Polo Lounge, atanga ibyuma hanyuma nyuma aba umubyinnyi . <ref name="Greenwood-2023" /> Conservatoire yamuhaye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro mu cyiciro cyo gutanga impamyabumenyi 2022. == Umwuga == === 2013–2021: Akazi kambere kare niterambere hamwe nuburere ''bwimibonano mpuzabitsina'' === [[Dosiye:Ncuti_Gatwa,_Jan_2019_on_MTV_International_01.jpg|thumb| Gatwa muri 2019]] Amaze kurangiza amashuri, Gatwa yahawe umwanya muri Dundee Repertory Theatre gahunda yo gutanga impamyabumenyi aho yakinnye mu bitaramo byinshi harimo na ''Victoria'' wa David Greig . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Theatre review: Victoria, Dundee Rep |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508130941/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Volpe |first=Allie |date=4 June 2020 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Nearly Quit Acting—Then He Booked 'Sex Education' |url=https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/ncuti-gatwa-sex-education-netflix-70843/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509023238/https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/ncuti-gatwa-sex-education-netflix-70843/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=Backstage}}</ref> Muri iki gihe, Gatwa yagabweho igitero n'abantu batatu batazi mu muhanda bavunika urwasaya; ibi byakosowe hamwe na titanium. <ref name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenwood2023">Greenwood, Douglas (8 November 2023). [https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 "Ncuti Gatwa Rising"]. ''[[GQ yo mu Bwongereza|British GQ]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Yagize uruhare rugufi muri sitcom ''ya Bob Servant'' 2014, nayo yashyizweho kandi ikorerwa amashusho muri Dundee. <ref name="BBCBobServant">{{Cite web |title=BBC One – Bob Servant, Series 2, The Van |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607002649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |archive-date=7 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Muri 2014, Gatwa yahawe igihembo muri Ian Charleson Awards kubera ibikorwa bye bya Mercutio 2014 i ''Romeo na Juliet'' i Home, Manchester . === Icyiciro === {| class="wikitable plain sortable" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Umutwe ! scope="col" |Umwanya yakinaga !aho byabereye ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''Victoria'' |Gavin/Callum/Patrick | rowspan="5" |Dundee Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Theatre review: Victoria, Dundee Rep |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508130941/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Hecuba'' |Polydorus | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=Hecuba Dundee Rep |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521100244/https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''The BFG'' |Sam/Head of Army/Childchewer | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The BFG |url=https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124626/https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |''And Then There Were None'' |Anthony James Marston | style="text-align: center;" | |- |''Cars and Boys'' |Robert | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2014 |title=Cars and Boys review – A dreamlike play that never ceases to grip |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> |- |''Woman in Mind'' |Tony |Dundee Rep / Birmingham Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Flash: First Look at Birmingham Repertory Theatre's WOMAN IN MIND, Opening Tonight |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092410/https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Romeo &amp;amp; Juliet'' |Mercutio |HOME | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2014 |title=Review: Romeo & Juliet @ Victoria Baths |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Shakespeare in Love'' |Wabash |Noël Coward Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Cast to Take Over in West End's Shakespeare in Love |url=https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Lines'' |Valentine |The Yard Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lines Review, Yard Theatre |url=https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124630/https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2015–2017 |''946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips'' |Adolphus | rowspan="2" |Shakespeare's Globe | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title='946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips' at Berkeley Rep |url=https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523141608/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2016 |''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' |Demetrius | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAKESPEARE, W.: Midsummer Night's Dream (A) (Shakespeare's Globe, 2016) (NTSC) |url=https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Trouble in Mind'' |John Nevins |Print Room at the Coronet | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2017 |title=Trouble in Mind, The Print Room review – Tanya Moodie is a treat to watch |url=https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124625/https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017–2018 |''The Claim'' |Serge |Crucible Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2018 |''The Rivals'' |Captain Jack Absolute |Watermill Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rivals |url=https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528100528/https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=jonathanhumphreys.com}}</ref> |- |2024–2025 |<nowiki><i id="mwAjE">The Importance of Being Earnest</i></nowiki> |Algernon Moncrief |Lyttelton Theatre, National Theatre, London | style="text-align: center;" | |} === Imikino ya videwo === {| class="wikitable plain" ! scope="col" |Umwaka ! scope="col" | Umutwe ! scope="col" | Uruhare ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Inyandiko ! Ref. |- | 2022 | ''Imigani ya Grid'' | Valentin Manzi | Gufata amajwi no kugenda | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 January 2022 |title=Man. Machine – Ncuti Gatwa Takes Players Inside The Mind Of A Grid Legend |url=https://www.ea.com/en-gb/games/grid/grid-legends/news/man-machine-ncuti-gatwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925144148/https://www.ea.com/en-gb/games/grid/grid-legends/news/man-machine-ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Electronic Arts Inc. |language=en}}</ref> |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] leu0kfaiutl8pyynb7p3k3qna14h0bk 0 19431 149308 141714 2026-11-07T20:14:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Alice_Diop_Kayije_Kagame.jpg|thumb|Alice Diop Kayije Kagame]] '''Kayije Kagame''' (yavutse muri 1987) ni umuhanzi akaba ari umukinnyi wa filimi zitandunye ukomoka mu Rwanda ariko ubarizwa mu busuwisi. == Ubuzima n'umwuga == Kagame yavukiye mu muryango w'u Rwanda i Geneve mu 1987. <ref name="LPDR bio">{{Cite web |title=Kayije Kagame |url=https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150807/https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=lespressesdureel.com}}</ref> <ref name="Gru brief" /> Se, Faustin, ni umunyamakuru ukomeye wa politiki akaba n'umujyanama wa Perezida w'u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] (nta sano bafitanye); nyina ni umwarimu wamateka nigifaransa. Umwe muri barumuna be ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Kagame Shyaka|Shyaka Kagame]]. <ref name="Gru brief" /> Kayije yashishikajwe no gukina afite imyaka 19 ubwo yirukanaga umuyobozi Raffaele Curi [ i ] i [[Roma]] kandi yamuhaye uruhare mu ikinamico. <ref name="JA profile" /> Yize ikinamico muri Conservatoire de Musique de Genève umwaka umwe, hanyuma mu 2010 yiyandikisha muri Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Techniques du Théâtre [ fr ] (ENSATT) i Lyon. <ref name="Gru brief" /> <ref name="JA profile" /> Muri 2014, yitabiriye gahunda yo guhugura mu mpeshyi i New York yakiriwe n’umuyobozi w’ikinamico Robert Wilson, wamutaye muri uwo mwaka mu kubyutsa ''Les Nègres'' i Odéon i [[Paris]]. <ref name="JA profile" /> Mubuhanzi, Kagame yakoranye firime ngufi, kwishyiriraho amajwi, nibindi bikoresho hamwe nibice. <ref name="LPDR bio">{{Cite web |title=Kayije Kagame |url=https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150807/https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=lespressesdureel.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 "Kayije Kagame"]. ''lespressesdureel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150807/https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/auteur.php?id=4137&menu=4 Archived] from the original on 27 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Omer press kit |url=https://medias.unifrance.org/medias/77/244/259149/presse/saint-omer-presskit-english.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301211329/https://medias.unifrance.org/medias/77/244/259149/presse/saint-omer-presskit-english.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=medias.unifrance.org |publisher=[[Unifrance]] |page=16}}</ref> Muri 2019, hamwe nabandi bahanzi, Kagame yateguye ''Ubuzima Burebure Ibi, kandi Ibi biguha ubuzima'', igice cyafashe igice cyose cyinyubako ya Théâtre de l'Usine [ fr ] i Geneve. <ref name="LPDR bio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayije Kagame |url=https://www.theatredelusine.ch/artiste/kayije-kagame/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150812/https://www.theatredelusine.ch/artiste/kayije-kagame/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |publisher=Théâtre de l'Usine |language=fr}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Kagame n'umukinnyi wa filime Grace Seri bazengurutse ''Sans Grace Avec Grace'', ibice bibiri. <ref name="LPDR bio" /> Mu 2022, we n'umukinnyi wa firime Hugo Radi batangiye kuzenguruka ''Intérieur Vie / Intérieur Nuit'', umurimo nk'uwo ukaba wateguwe kimwe cya kabiri naho igice cyafashwe amashusho. Muri ''Saint Omer'' ya Alice Diop (2022), Kagame yerekanye bwa mbere muri firime yakinnye na Rama, umwanditsi utwite yitegereza umugore (wakinnye na Guslagie Malanda) mu rubanza azira kwica umukobwa we w’umwaka umwe. Imiterere ya Kagame ifite analogue yubuzima busanzwe muri Diop, witabiriye urubanza film ishingiyeho. AO Scott wo mu ''kinyamakuru The New York Times'' yashimye "imikorere, ituje" ya Kagame, maze ''IndieWire'' imushimira "elegance idafite imbaraga". Kagame yatorewe kuba umwe muri Révélations mu birori bya 48 bya César, naho Iterambere ry’amafirime y’[[Burayi|iburayi]] (EFP) amwita umwe mu ba Shooting Stars 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayije Kagame, Switzerland |url=https://www.efp-online.com/en/shootingstars/29901/Kayije-Kagame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301210440/https://www.efp-online.com/en/shootingstars/29901/Kayije-Kagame |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=efp-online.com |publisher=[[European Film Promotion]]}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] jd4u9mwdo45yitjq98kt6nzuc3bly64 0 19703 149510 148793 2026-11-08T06:16:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''M. Enamul Hossain''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Kamena 1969) ni umuhanga mu by'uburezi, umushakashatsi, n'umunyakwigira ukomoka mu gihugu cya Bangladesh, uzwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe mu bijyanye n'ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibibazo by’ibidukikije, n’iterambere rirambye. Yabaye umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya King Fahd mu Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bwa Peteroli n'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y’Agaciro. == Ubuzima Bwo M. Enamul Hossain == {{Infobox person|name=M. Enamul Hossain|birth_date=June 6, 1969|birth_place=North Kharana Kaishapara, Kharana Union, Patiya Upazila, Chattogram District,Bangladesh|nationality=Bangladesh|citizenship=Canada|spouse=Nasra Mohamed Shah Alam Mohamed}} == uri Kare n’Amashuri == M. Enamul Hossain yize impamyabumenyi ya mbere (BSc) mu gushushanya imashini (Mechanical Engineering) muri Kaminuza y’Ubugenge n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Bangladesh (BUET) mu 1995. Nyuma yaho, yakomereje mu masomo y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Master's) mu bijyanye n’Ubukungu bw’Ibikomoka kuri Peteroli n’Imiterere y’Ibutaka (Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering) binyuze mu bufatanye bwa BUET na Kaminuza ya Alberta, maze arangiza iyo degree mu 2001. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) mu by’ubugenge burambye bw’ibikomoka kuri Peteroli (Sustainable Petroleum Engineering) hamwe n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu (MBA) muri Kaminuza ya Dalhousie, Canada, mu 2008 na 2009, bikurikirana. == Umwuga == M. Enamul Hossain yakoze mu myanya itandukanye y’ubuyobozi no mu burezi muri za kaminuza ku isi hose, harimo: * Statoil Chair Professor muri Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), muri Kanada. * Imyanya y’ubuyobozi muri za kaminuza zirimo Ryerson University (Umushakashatsi Mushyitsi), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dalhousie University, Sultan Qaboos University, American University in Cairo, Nazarbayev University, na Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET). Yanakoreye kandi nka Professor Adjunct muri kaminuza nyinshi ku isi yose no mu nganda zitandukanye, aho yagize imyanya y'ubuyobozi muri Saudi Aramco, ONGE, Qatar Petroleum, Petronas, na ADNOC. == Imigabane mu Bushakashatsi == M. Enamul Hossain yakoze byinshi mu bijyanye n’ingufu z’ubumenyi zishyigikira iterambere rirambye n’ubushakashatsi mu by'amavuta n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, by’umwihariko binyuze mu gutangiza "igitekerezo cyo kwibuka" mu bikorwa by’amavuta ya peteroli. Ubushakashatsi bwe bwashimwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bukaba bwarabonye inkunga irenga miliyoni 16.9 z’amadolari y'Amerika itangwa n’ibigo nka Statoil, Saudi Aramco, na NSERC. Afite patenti 11 zemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zimwe muri zo zikaba ziri mu nzira yo gushyirwa ku isoko. Ibikorwa bye by’ubushakashatsi birimo inyandiko z’ubumenyi zirenga 200 hamwe n’ibitabo 10, byanditswe bigashyirwa hanze n’inzu zisohora ibitabo zikomeye nka Elsevier, Wiley, na Scrivener Publishing. == Ubwitange n'Ubuyobozi mu Burezi == M. Enamul Hossain ni we washinze Ishuri Mpuzamahanga rya NSRIC muri Toronto (NIST) n’Ishuri Rikuru Mpuzamahanga rya NSRIC muri Toronto (NICT). Yashinzwe kandi Umuryango witwa Aziza Trust, umuryango utanga ubufasha washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2009, binyuze muri uyu muryango yashinze Umujyi w’Uburezi wa NSRIC mu mujyi wa Chattogram, muri Bangladesh, utanga uburezi ku banyeshuri batishoboye. == Ubuzima Bwe bw’Igiti == M. Enamul Hossain afite filozofiya y’ubuzima bwite n’iy’umwuga ishingiye cyane ku ndangagaciro ziri mu mizi y’umwuka. Ubushakashatsi bwe bwa siyansi ku kwibuka kwa peteroli bufite imizi mu gusobanura kwe Surah Al-Hashr, byamubereye isoko yo kuganisha ubushakashatsi n’ibikorwa bye bya kaminuza. == Ibitabo n’Impamyabumenyi-mpanuka == M. Enamul Hossain ni umwanditsi w’ibitabo 10 ku bijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ubucukuzi bwa peteroli n'ubumenyi burambye, birimo ibitabo by’ingenzi bikunze gukoreshwa mu mashuri makuru. Afite impamyabumenyi-mpanuka 11 zemewe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zijyanye n'imikorere irambye mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli. == Amashakiro y’Ibikorwa byatoranyijwe == Ibitabo Byatoranijwe # Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering: MCQs and Workout Examples for Beginners and Engineers # Hydrocarbons in Basement Formations # Advanced Petroleum Reservoir Simulation: Towards Developing Reservoir Emulators, 2nd Edition # AN ADVANCED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR SUSTAINABLE PETROLEUM OPERATIONS: A Scientific Guideline for Experimental and Mathematical Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs # DRILLING ENGINEERING: TOWARDS ACHIEVING TOTAL SUSTAINABILITY (Sustainable Oil and Gas Development) # The Science of Climate Change Ingingo z’ingenzi # A sustainable approach to controlling oil spills - Yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2012. # Modified Kozeny–Carmen correlation for enhanced hydraulic flow unit characterization - Yatangajwe ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 2011. # Drilling Fluid: State of The Art and Future Trend - Iyi nyandiko yasohotse ku itariki ya 20 Gashyantare 2012. == Ibihembo n’Imenyekanishwa == * Umwarimu wa Mbere wa "Statoil Chair" muri Kaminuza ya Memorial University of Newfoundland: Yagizweho nk'umwarimu wa mbere ufite umwanya w'icyubahiro muri iyi kaminuza, ashimirwa uruhare rwe mu bushakashatsi no kwigisha. * Yamenyekanye nk’inzobere iyoboye mu bijyanye na Sustainable Petroleum Engineering: Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubumenyi bwe mu guteza imbere ingufu zituruka kuri peteroli zikoresha uburyo burambye. * Umugenerwabikorwa w’imishinga myinshi mpuzamahanga: Yahawe inkunga n’imishinga y’amafranga yaturutse mu bigo by'ubushakashatsi bizwi cyane nka Saudi Aramco, KFUM, na AUC. * Patent 11 zemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Yabonye uburenganzira bwihariye ku buhanga bwe mu bijyanye n’ingufu zisubira no mu bijyanye na Petroleum Engineering. == Ibyitonderwa == # [https://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/PET/menamul/biography.html "Ubuzima bwa Dr. M. Enamul Hossain".] Kaminuza y'Ibikomoka kuri Peteroli n'Imirasire y'Izuba ya King Fahd. # [https://library.kuet.ac.bd:8000/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=13896 "Amategeko y'ibanze yo gucukura amavuta mu buryo burambye / M. Enamul Hossain, PhD, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Majed, PhD"]. Kaminuza y'Ubuhanga mu Gucukura n'Ubugeni ya Khulna. # [https://biggani.org/%e0%a6%a1-%e0%a6%8f%e0%a6%ae-%e0%a6%8f%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%b9%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8/ "Umuhanga mu bya Siyansi: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Enamul Hossain"]. biggani.org. Yakuweho tariki ya Nyakanga 18, 2024. biggani.org (mu Kinyabengali). # [https://web.archive.org/web/20250116153059/https://petroleumengineering.insightconferences.com/ocm/2017/m-enamul-hossain-memorial-university-of-newfoundland-canada "Ubuzima bwa Dr. M. Enamul Hossain"]. Kaminuza y'Ubushakashatsi ya Memorial (Memorial), Canada. Kamena 30, 2017. # [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M-Enamul-Hossain "M. Enamul Hossain"]. Kaminuza y'Ubushakashatsi ya Memorial ResearchGate GmbH. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20250209210644/https://emiratessangbad.com/?p=81720 "Aya Surat Al-Hashr 24 mu Koran agaragaza ko Umunyacyubahiro w'i Chattogram Patiya, Dr. Mohammad Enamul Hossain"]. Amirat Sangsad, Ukwakira 22, 2024. ---- kc799quyh0fg58wumohx5py8vzp2w5g 0 19774 149281 146390 2026-11-07T20:03:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149281 wikitext text/x-wiki imyambaro yo hambere yabaga ikozwe mu mpu n'ibiti, [[abanyarwanda]] bohambere bakoresheje ubwenge bwabo mukurema imyambaro mubishishwa by'ibiti n'impu zikomoka kunyamaswa zitandukanye. nubwo nanganda zabagaho icyo gihe, [[abanyarwanda]] bari bafite uburyo bwa [[Gikondo|gakondo]] bwogukoramo imyambaro ijyanye n'umuco wabo, kandi bakambara bakaberwa. imyambaro myinshi abantu bambara mbere yavaga mu mpu zinyamaswa cyangwa mubishishwa byibiti nkomubivumu cyangwa mubivovo by'insina, aho niho [[abanyarwanda]] bakuraga imyambaro.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-y-imyambaro-mu-rwandahttps://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-y-imyambaro-mu-rwanda] === ibyo bambaraga namazina yabyo === ingimbi zambaraga [[Imyenda k'umashyamba|imyenda]] bitaga uruyonga rwabaga rukozwe muruhu, naho [[ABASOREBEGUKANYE IGIHEMBOCYA MNI|abasore]] nabagabo bambaraga uruhu rwinyana, [[Abagore bo mu Misiri|abagorebo]] bakambara inkanda n'ibicirane[[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|, abami]] n'abatware bambaraga [[imyambaro]] ikozwe mu ruhu rw'ingwe kuko ari [[inyamaswa]] ikomeye mukugaragaza icyubahiro cyabo,usibye [[imyambaro]] yoguhisha ubwambure, [[abanyarwanda]] bambaraga [[Imitako y'imigongo|imitako]] ku mubiri bagamije kurimba gusa.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155012/https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga] ==== Indanganturo ==== 1.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-y-imyambaro-mu-rwanda 2.https://web.archive.org/web/20240715155012/https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga 69n48ttan1pwjja5cc1oooe6xjsjxdl 0 19845 149493 138438 2026-11-08T03:26:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AGACUMA MUMURIMA.jpg|thumb|Igicuma kari mu murima]] '''Igicuma''' ni igikoresho cya kera mu kinyrwanda ndetse cyerekana uko [[abanyarwanda]] bajyaga basangira bakagakoresha, haba umutobe cyangwa urwagwa cyangwa ikigage, agacuma baragahinga ka kera maze bakagasarura bakagatunganya ubundi bagatangira kugakoresha mu bikoresho bisazwe, bakogeshe amazi yonyine .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-umuhamirizo-w-intore-mu-bigwi-bya-kigeli-rwabugili</ref> == Igicuma == [[Dosiye:Igicuma jp.jpg|thumb|240x240px]] Igucuma kugirango ubashe kuba wannya ikigage, [[Umutobe w'ibitoki|umutobe]] cyangwa [[urwagwa]] rurimo bisabako ugomba gukoresha [[umuheha]] mutoya wabugenewe . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandamart.rw/product/agacuma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250210103639/https://rwandamart.rw/product/agacuma/ |archive-date=2025-02-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 1z8b99oxv2pq00a35zvtpmgptg2ldhe 0 19972 149371 124541 2026-11-07T21:05:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149371 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Tyla Laura Seethal''' (wavutse 30 Mutarama 2002), uzwi ku izina rya '''Tyla''', ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo. Imiterere ye ya muzika irangwa no guhuza injyana ya pop na amapiano, ibitangazamakuru bimwandikaho kenshi bikunze kumwita " Umwamikazi wa Popiano ". Tyla yavukiye kandi akurira i Johannesburg, nyuma yo gushyira hanze indirimbo ye ya mbere yise " Getting Late " igakundwa ahagana mu 2021 yagiranye amasezerano na Epic Records agamije ubufatanye mu bikorwa bye bya muzika. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga nyuma yo gusohora indirimbo ye 2023 yise " Water ", yinjiye mu ndirimbo icumi zabaye iza mbere mu bihugu byinshi birimo [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] akomokamo, [[Ubwongereza]] na [[Amerika]]. Indirimbo ye "Water" niyo ndirimbo yambere y'umuhanzikazi wo muri Afrika yepfo yinjiye kurutonde rwitwa "''Billboard'' Hot 100" yo muri Amerika mumyaka 55 byanamuhesheje igihembo cyambere cya 'Grammy Award' kitwa mu rurimi rwicyongereza 'Best African Music Performance'. Iyi ndirimbo yabanjirije alubumu ye ya mbere yise [2024], yasohotse mu rwego rwo gushimwa no gutsinda mu bucuruzi buciriritse, yinjiye no mu mizingo 25 igezweho mu bihugu byinshi bitandukanye biirimo na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika]]. Tyla ni we muhanzi muto kurusha abandi bo muri Afurika wabayeho wegukanye igihembo cya '''Grammy Award'''. Ibindi bihembo yahawe birimo '''MTV Video Music Award''', '''BET Awards ebyiri''', '''MTV Europe Music Awards eshatu''', ndetse n'igihembo cy'icyubahiro cya '''Global Force Award''' mu muhango wa mbere wa '''Billboard R&B's No. 1's'''. Yanatorewe ibihembo bitandukanye harimo '''Brit Award''', '''Ivor Novello Award''', '''Soul Train Music Award''', ndetse n'ibihembo '''icyenda''' bya '''South African Music Awards'''. [[Dosiye:Tyla Seethal 2022 a.png|alt=Tyla Seethal mu kiganiro cya videwo na Capital FM Kenya mu 2021.|thumb|308x308px|Tyla Seethal mu kiganiro cya videwo yagiranye na Capital FM yo muri [[Kenya]] mu 2021.]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Tyla Laura Seethal <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birjalal |first=Alyssia |date=11 June 2024 |title=From music to fashion, Tyla is making major moves as she builds her brand |url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/entertainment/from-music-to-fashion-tyla-is-making-major-moves-as-she-builds-her-brand-250825fd-26c0-4284-9a3c-34e414fd3ecf |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=[[Independent Online]]}}</ref> yavutse ku wa 30 Mutarama 2002 i Edenvale, muri Gauteng, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zwane-Ejike |first=Nokuthula |date=12 January 2024 |title=A Grammy nod, big collaborations and a new album on the way – singer Tyla is unstoppable! |url=https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/local/a-grammy-nod-big-collaborations-and-a-new-album-on-the-way-singer-tyla-is-unstoppable-20240112 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328135441/https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/local/a-grammy-nod-big-collaborations-and-a-new-album-on-the-way-singer-tyla-is-unstoppable-20240112 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |publisher=[[You (South African magazine)|You]] |via=[[Media24]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tjiya |first=Emmanuel |date=9 June 2023 |title=Tyla: The girl next door |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2023-06-09-tyla-the-girl-next-door/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328135442/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2023-06-09-tyla-the-girl-next-door/ |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[The Sowetan]] |oclc=28688177}}</ref> mu muryango mugari w'[[Ubuhinde|Abahindi]] <ref name="BRA">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Jade |date=1 March 2021 |title=The Year of Tyla |url=https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414021258/https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla |archive-date=14 April 2022 |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=Breakroom Africa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ho Hip |first=Chanté |date=21 November 2023 |title=Why Tyla's global success means South Africa has to explain being coloured again |url=https://947.co.za/articles/2023/11/21/why-tyla-s-global-success-means-south-africa-has-to-explain-being-coloured-again |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124124508/https://947.co.za/articles/2023/11/21/why-tyla-s-global-success-means-south-africa-has-to-explain-being-coloured-again |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=24 November 2023 |website=[[947 (radio station)|947]]}}</ref> Indo-Mauritian, Zulu, n'umuryango w'abakomoka muri [[Irilande]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography: TYLA |url=https://www.fax.nyc/tylabio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024142555/https://www.fax.nyc/tylabio |archive-date=24 October 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=FAX Records ([[Epic Records|Epic]]) |publisher=[[Sony Music Entertainment]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Robin |date=7 November 2022 |title=Track Of The Day 7/11 - Tyla |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/track-of-the-day/track-of-the-day-7-11-tyla/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027095316/https://www.clashmusic.com/track-of-the-day/track-of-the-day-7-11-tyla/ |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}}</ref> Yakuriye i Johannesburg, muri Gauteng, <ref name="Gyre">{{Cite web |last=Gyre |first=S'bo |date=11 February 2024 |title=The magic behind the meteoric rise of Tyla, Grammy award winner and Queen of Popiano |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-11-tyla-the-ascent-of-the-queen-of-popiano/ |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323134919/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-11-tyla-the-ascent-of-the-queen-of-popiano/ |archive-date=23 March 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Daily Maverick]]}}</ref> arangiza amashuri yisumbuye muri Edenglen mu wa 2019, aho yari umuyobozi w’umuco. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frans |first=Karien |date=3 March 2021 |title=Former Edenglen High learners releases music video |url=https://www.awsumnews.co.za/regions/gauteng-johannesburg/jhb-east/former-edenglen-high-learners-releases-music-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303131120/https://www.awsumnews.co.za/regions/gauteng-johannesburg/jhb-east/former-edenglen-high-learners-releases-music-video/ |archive-date=3 March 2021 |access-date=21 September 2023 |website=AWSUM School News |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Tyla afite abavandimwe 3, mukuru we, Whitney, na murumunawe na mushiki we muto, Tyrese na Sydney. Mu mwaka wa nyuma w'amashuri yisumbuye, yatangiye gukora umwuga wa muzika, agashyira indirimbo z'umwimerere n'izisubiwemo kuri rukuta rwe rwa Instagram ari nako ashakisha cyane amahirwe ashoboka ngo agere ku iterambere rirambye mu muziki. Yaje kubonywa n'umuntu wa mbere wagombaga kureberera inyungu ze mu bya muzika, Garth von Glehn, wateguye amasomo ye ya mbere yo gufata amajwi. <ref name="Vice">{{Cite web |last=Dunn |first=Frankie |date=3 April 2021 |title=Tyla is on a mission to become South Africa's biggest popstar |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/wx8939/south-africa-popstar-tyla-getting-late-interview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814120737/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/wx8939/south-africa-popstar-tyla-getting-late-interview |archive-date=14 August 2023 |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=[[i-D]] |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref> Tyla yavuze ko buri weekend m'umwaka wa nyuma w'amashuri ye yisumbuye yayimaraga muri studio afata amajwi y'indirimbo. == Career == === 2019–2022: 'Getting Late' n'ibyo yagezeho k'urwego rw’igihugu. === Mu mpera za 2019, nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-03 |archive-date=2022-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414021258/https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tyla yasohoye indirimbo ye ya mbere "Getting Late" mu buryo bwigenga, ifite umusaruro wa Kooldrink, maze imuha kumenyekana mu gihugu. Video yayo yashowemo imari na manaja we mu bihe bya gumamurugo by'icyorezo cya COVID-19, ikaza gusohoka muri Mutarama 2021. Iyo video yarebwe na za miliyoni z'abantu nyinshi kuri YouTube,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240127214634/https://www.businessinsider.com/tyla-singer-water-age-what-to-know</ref> kandi yaje gutoranywa mu bihembo bya South African Music Award muri 2022 mu cyiciro cya Video nziza y’umwaka. Icyo gihe kandi, yari arimo kwiga ibijyanye n'ubucukuzi bw'[[amabuye y'agaciro]] (Mining),<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231031142230/https://thenativemag.com/native-exclusive-tyla-south-africa/</ref> ariko nyuma yo kumvisha ababyeyi be no kurira cyane, bemeye kumwemerera gusubika amasomo ye ya kaminuza kugira ngo agerageze kuzamura umwuga we w’[[umuziki]]. Nyuma yaho, muri Gicurasi 2021, yasinyanye amasezerano na '''Epic Records''' binyuze mu bufatanye na '''Fax Records''' yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nyuma y’iyo ndirimbo ye ya mbere, yasohoye indirimbo "Overdue" mu Ukwakira 2021 na "To Last" mu Ugushyingo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://respect-mag.com/2021/10/tyla-releases-new-visual-for-overdue-featuring-dj-lag-kooldrink-out-now/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-04 |archive-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429005113/https://respect-mag.com/2021/10/tyla-releases-new-visual-for-overdue-featuring-dj-lag-kooldrink-out-now/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2023 - kugeza ubu: Iterambere mpuzamahanga hamwe na "Water" === Muri 2023, Tyla yakoze igitaramo cye cya mbere ku mugaragaro mu birori bya '''Dolce & Gabbana''' byabaye nyuma ya Milan Fashion Week,<ref>https://www.glamour.co.za/celebrity-news/who-is-tyla-the-south-african-beauty-has-a-bright-future-ahead-942cee85-d785-4f9d-8d1b-17566a6fd9b3</ref> nyuma yo gusohora indirimbo ye "Been Thinking", yahaye Tyla imyanya ye ya mbere ku manota ya ''Billboard Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay'' na ''Rhythmic Airplay charts''. Heven Haile wa Pitchfork yayisobanuye nk'indirimbo y’uburanga yo mu birori, ifite umwuka w’indirimbo z'urukundo za pop-R&B z’imyaka ya 2000 nka Ciara na Rihanna.<ref>https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/tyla-been-thinking/</ref> Nyuma yaho, Tyla yifatanyije na Chris Brown nk’umuhanzi ufungura urugendo rwe rw'ibitaramo "''Under the Influence Tour''".<ref>https://hypemagazine.co.za/2023/02/14/tyla-to-support-chris-brown-on-massive-uk-europe-tour/</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2023, yasohoye indirimbo "Girl Next Door" afatanyije na [[Ayra Starr]] wo muri [[Nijeriya]].<ref>https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-tyla-and-ayra-starr-new-song-girl-next-door/</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2023, yasohoye indirimbo "Water" nk’indirimbo iyoboye album ye ya mbere yitwa Tyla. Nyuma yo kuzamura akarasisi k'imbyino kuri TikTok, "Water" yabaye iyambere mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo [[Afurika y’Epfo]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], n’[[Ubwongereza]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231020172327/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tyla/</ref> Tyla yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere ukiri muto wo muri Afurika y’Epfo winjiye ku rutonde rwa '''US Billboard Hot 100''' nyuma y’imyaka 55, nyuma y’indirimbo "Grazing in the Grass" ya Hugh Masekela mu 1968.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67064396</ref> Tyla yaririmbye "Water" muri The Bianca Show muri [[Suwede]] no muri ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'' muri Amerika.<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/tyla-has-her-first-tv-interview-in-sweden-and-talks-about-her-song-of-the-summer-20231009</ref> Video yayo yasohotse ku wa 6 Ukwakira 2023, irebwa n'abarenga miliyoni 3 kuri YouTube mu minsi itatu gusa.<ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-clocks-3-million-views-in-3-days-breaks-all-time-spotify-listeners-record-de02e0a5-7f6f-43ac-9c85-dd8b135b5c3d</ref> Tyla yaje gukora kuri remix y’indirimbo "Girls Need Love" ya Summer Walker, yasohotse muri '''Girls Mix extended play''' muri Ukwakira 2023. Mu mpera za Ukuboza 2023, yatangaje ko album ye ya mbere yitwa '''Tyla (2024)''' igiye gusohoka, anasohora indirimbo eshatu: "Truth or Dare", "On and On", na "Butterflies" nk’indirimbo z’ibanze zo kwamamaza iyi album. Tyla yaririmbye indirimbo nka "Water" na "Truth or Dare" mu musozo wa Season 24 ya The Voice ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2023. Muri Gashyantare 2024, yatsindiye igihembo cya mbere cya Grammy Award mu cyiciro cya Best African Music Performance bigizwemo uruhare n'indirimbo ye "Water", aba n’umuhanzi ukiri muto wa mbere w’Afurika wegukanye Grammy Award.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/entertainment/2024/02/05/south-african-singer-tyla-wins-her-first-grammy-making-her-the-youngest-from-africa-to-hold-the-gong/</ref> Album ye yitwa Tyla yasohotse ku wa 22 Werurwe 2024 binyuze kuri Fax na Epic Records. Video y’indirimbo "Art" yasohokeye icyarimwe n’iyi album. Tyla yakiriwe neza n’abasesenguzi b’umuziki, maze album ye iba mu 25 za mbere mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], [[Ubwongereza]], [[Ubuholandi|u Buholandi]], [[Noruveje|Noruveji]], Nouvelle-Zélande, n’[[Ubusuwisi]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240331145242/https://hitparade.ch/album/Tyla/Tyla-532455</ref> Tyla yabonye amahirwe menshi yo gutoranywa mu bihembo bya '''Metro FM Music Awards''' muri Afurika y’Epfo, aho yahawe amahirwe atandatu.<ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-leads-metro-fm-awards-nominations-followed-by-kabza-de-small-and-tyler-icu-70a62ce5-fd27-435a-b960-5b3ad62e7851</ref> Nyuma yaho, yegukanye ibihembo byinshi mu 2024 '''BET Awards''', anganya na Usher na Victoria Monét i Los Angeles, aho yagaragaye mu imbyino ya "Jump" bwa mbere hamwe na Gunna na Skillibeng.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c87rl4x58d1o</ref> Ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2024, Tyla yasohoye album ye ya mbere mu buryo bwa '''''deluxe edition''''', irimo indirimbo eshatu nshya, harimo "''Push 2 Start''". Mu buryo bw’umuziki, "Push 2 Start" ni indirimbo ya reggae yifitemo injyana ya amapiano pop-R&B, yakiriwe neza n’abakunzi b’umuziki, video yayo ikaza gusohoka kuri YouTube ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 2024. Tyla yatanze ibitaramo muri Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2024. Ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2024, yagaragaye bwa mbere muri '''MTV Europe Music Awards (EMAs)''', aho yaririmbye indirimbo "Push 2 Start" na "Water".<ref>https://vergemagazine.co.uk/award-winning-global-superstar-tyla-stuns-with-her-debut-mtv-emas-performance/</ref> Icyi gihe, yatsindiye ibihembo 3 bya EMAs mu byiciro bya ‘Best African Act’, ‘Best Afrobeats Artist’ na ‘Best R&B Artist’. Ku wa 28 Gashyantare, Tyla yagaragaye mu ndirimbo "''When I'm With You''" iri kuri album "Alter Ego" ya Lisa, umuraperi wo muri [[Tayilande]]. == Ubuhanzi  == Tyla akura ikitegererezo k'ubahanzi barimo [[Michael Jackson]], Rihanna,<ref>https://people.com/tyla-viral-south-african-singer-what-to-know-exclusive-8399191</ref> Britney Spears, Drake, Wizkid, Freshlyground, Aaliyah na Cassie.<ref>https://www.net-a-porter.com/en-us/porter/article-ad05c2c8d4fdc68c/incredible-women/incredible-women/tyla</ref> Yavuze ko inzozi ze ari ukuba icyamamare cya mbere ku isi kiririmba injyana ya ''Pop'' kiva muri Afurika.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20231212174223/https://www.complex.com/music/a/ecleen-luzmila/tyla-bubbling-profile-interview</ref> Kuva icyo gihe yatangiye gufatwaga nk'"''Umwamikazi wa Popiano''",<ref>https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/tyla-jump-2024-bet-awards-performance-1234890337/</ref> guhuza injyana ya pop na amapiano, yashizwemo bimwe mubifitanye isano n'injyana zirimo R&B na Afrobeats.<ref>https://beatsperminute.com/album-review-tyla-tyla/</ref> == Discography == * == Ibitaramo bizenguruka uduce == * == Ibihembo n'aho yitabiriye == * == Wareba kandi == * == Intanganturo == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Urubuga bwite twa [https://tylaworld.com/ Tyla] {{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Tyla|Awards for Tyla]]|list={{BET Award for Best International Act}} {{BET Award for Best New Artist}} {{MTV Video Music Award for Best Afrobeats Video}} {{South African Music Award for Newcomer of the Year}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B}} {{Billboard Music Award for Top Afrobeats Song}}}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 3vpr7lx6173dbq127cvr2avumsp3f7n 0 19973 149214 146548 2026-11-07T19:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 6 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe''' Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe (wavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002), uzwi cyane nka '''Ayra Starr''', ni umuririmbyi akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo wo muri [[Nijeriya]]. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu mwaka wa '''2022''' ubwo yasohoraga indirimbo '''“Rush”'''. Iyo ndirimbo yagiye ku rutonde rw’indirimbo zikunzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Irilande]] n’[[Ubwongereza]], aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=The Scoove |first=Africa |date=February 28, 2021 |title=Ayra Starr breaks new Record as "Rush" hits 100 Million views on YouTube |url=https://thescoove.africa/ayra-starr-breaks-new-record-as-rush-hits-100-million-views-on-youtube/ |website=The Scoove Africa |access-date=April 3, 2025 |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404170507/https://thescoove.africa/ayra-starr-breaks-new-record-as-rush-hits-100-million-views-on-youtube/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanamuhesheje kandi guhabwa '''nominasiyo mu bihembo bya Grammy ku nshuro ya 66''' nk’umunyafurika witwaye neza. <ref name=":1"/> Mu ntangiriro za 2021, Starr yatangiye umwuga we asohora umuzingo wambere windirimbo wiswe Ayra Starr ndetse nindirimbo yambere yari iriho yise " Away ", yamaze ibyumweru bibiri bikurikiranye kuri numero ya kane kurutonde rwa TurnTable Top 50 ya Nijeriya; iyi indirimbo kandi yageze ku mwanya wa 17 kuri Billboard Top Triller Global chart. Yakurikiwe no kumurika alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio, 19 & Dangerous (2021). yashyizwe mu byiciro nka Afropop na R&B, yakiriwe neza kandi itanga ibyiciro bibiri bya mbere muri Nijeriya. Indirimbo ya mbere yise " Umusamariya uva amaraso " yageze ku mbonerahamwe ya Top 50, iba indirimbo ya mbere y’umuhanzi w’umugore igeze ku mwanya wa mbere. Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Starr yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku bahanzi bitezwe muri Billboard . <ref name="NBS2">{{cite magazine|title=Next Big Sound Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|magazine=Billboard|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821064614/https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri 2024, Starr yasohoye alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwo hambere === Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe yavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002 i Cotonou [[Bene|muri Bénin]], akurira aho no muri i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="Hypebae3">{{cite web |last1=Obi |first1=Ify |date=18 March 2021 |title=Nigerian Singer Ayra Starr Is Making Her Mark on Music |url=https://hypebae.com/2021/3/ayra-starr-oyinkansola-aderibigbe-nigerian-beninese-lagos-teen-singer-songwriter-debut-ep-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412131506/https://hypebae.com/2021/3/ayra-starr-oyinkansola-aderibigbe-nigerian-beninese-lagos-teen-singer-songwriter-debut-ep-interview |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=HYPEBAE}}</ref>Ni Umunyanijeriyakazi wo mumuco waba Yoruba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=ETUKUDO |first=Itoro |date=2023-05-11 |title=How I came about the name, Ayra Starr |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-i-came-about-the-name-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> hamwe n'ababyeyi bombi bo muri Leta ya Kwara . Yakuriye mu ndimi nyinshi, yiga Yoruba kandi yiga [[Igifaransa|n'Igifaransa]] mu myaka ye ya mbere i Bénin, azi kandi neza [[icyongereza]] nururimi rwa Nigeriya Pidgin akoresha kenshi mu mirimo ye no mu mikoranire y'abanyamakuru. Umuryango we wimutse kenshi bitewe nubucuruzi bwa se, byatumye bigorana kurema ubucuti burambye nabandi bana mumashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Aderibigbe ni uwa kabiri mu bana batanu. Mukuru we Dami (wavutse 2000) yabaye umucuranzi wa gitari na nutunganya umuziki; barumuna be barimo Ade, Tolulope, na Jesutunmise. <ref name="Legitnewsng">{{Cite news |last=Muhonji |first=Muhunya |date=4 May 2023 |title=Ayra Starr’s biography: age, real name, family, boyfriend |url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1532572-ayra-starrs-biography-age-real-family-boyfriend/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[legit.ng]] |language=en}}</ref> Umuziki wari ingenzi mubuzima bwumuryango. Nyina, wahoze ari umuririmbyi, na Dami bagize uruhare rukomeye mukubagenderaho. Afite imyaka icumi, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri atangira kwandika indirimbo hamwe na Dami, bayobowe na nyina na nyirasenge. Abavandimwe be nabo bashinze itsinda kandi bahoraga binjira mumarushanwa yumuziki waho bari batuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Nubwo Aderibigbe yakundaga ubuhanzi akiri ingimbi, ise yari yaramusabye gushyira imbere amasomo mbere yuko apfa. Yize muri kaminuza <ref name="Rollingstone1">{{Cite web |last=Conteh |first=Mankaprr |date=13 August 2021 |title=The Sharp and Swift Ascent of Ayra Starr |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/arya-star-interview-1211965/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/arya-star-interview-1211965/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Cours Sonou muri Cotonou ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya BA mu mibanire mpuzamahanga na siyanse ya politiki . <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> Mu myaka ya kaminuza, yakunze gutotezwa nabanyeshuri bigana kubera imyaka ye ndetse nisura. Kugira ngo ahangane n'ibyiyumvo yagize byo gutukwa, yitabaje umuziki. "Numvaga Nicki Minaj ngiye ku ishuri maze nkumva meze nka Nicki Minaj wa kabiri." <ref name="Hypebae3" />Nyina wa Aderibigbe yashyigikiraga cyane ibyifuzo bye bya muzika kandi buri gihe yamushishikarizaga gukora umwuga wo kuririmba. <ref name="NME"/> === 2018–2020: Intangiriro yumwuga === Ubunararibonye bwa Starr bwarimo guhatana akiri umwana kuri televiziyo ya Nigeriya yerekana impano ya ''Maltina Dance All'', aho yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri kandi yatsindiye televiziyo nk'igihembo, ibyo umuryango we wabonaga ari ikimenyetso cyerekana impano ye hakiri kare. <ref name="TLBF">{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Andrew |title=On the Rise: Ayra Starr |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/ayra-starr-on-the-rise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808170329/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/ayra-starr-on-the-rise |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=12 September 2021 |work=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=“Dare To Dream” Review—Ayra Starr Documentary Connects The Past To The Future |url=https://culturecustodian.com/dare-to-dream-review-ayra-starr-documentary-connects-the-past-to-the-future/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)}}</ref> Mu myaka y’ishuri, yakoze mashup ibyitwa nko kuvanga indirimbo ebyiri arizo One Direction '" Inkuru y'Ubuzima Bwanjye " na " Sade " ya Adekunle Gold mu gitaramo cy'ishuri. Nk’uko Starr abitangaza ngo iki gitaramo cyateye ababyeyi n'abarimu amarira, maze ashishikarizwa gufatana uburemere umuziki, ibyo bikaba byararanze ibyo yaje kuvuga ko ari "[[itangiriro]]". Muri 2018 <ref name="TLBF" />, Starr yasinyanye na Quove Models, ikigo gishinzwe kwerekana imideli i Lagos . Nyuma yaje kwigana ibigo nka Studio ya Mazelle, Ikinyamakuru cyuzuye cyimyambarire, na Esperanza Woman. Nyuma yaje kuvuga ko umuziki n’imyambarire ari inyungu zuzuzanya byaje bisanzwe kuri we. <ref name="Notionmag">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Niall |date=15 November 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Afropop's Bold New Leader {{!}} Notion Interview |url=https://notion.online/ayra-starr-afropops-bold-new-leader-interview/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Notion}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe kimwe, yatangiye no guteza imbere umwuga we wo kuririmba binyuze kuri murandasi. Muri 2019, yatangiye gushyira hanze indirimbo zisubiyemo b zabahanzi nka Andra Day na 2Face Idibia kumbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="NME"/> Muri uwo mwaka, Starr yanakinnye mu gitaramo cy’imivugo aho yerekanaga amashusho ya Jorja Smith " Ntunyitegereze ndira ", yibutsa ko bamwe mu bari bateraniye aho barize mu gihe cye. <ref name="NMETalks">{{Cite news |last=Holden |first=Finlay |date=17 August 2021 |title=Ayra Starr talks NME through her ‘Firsts’ |url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/ayra-starr-interview-firsts-3015579 |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=NME}}</ref> Yahisemo izina rya stage "Ayra Starr" kubera ko ryasobanuraga "gukanguka no guhumura amaso," <ref name="Schonmag">{{Cite news |last=Sibanda |first=Thandie |date=25 February 2021 |title=interview {{!}} ayra starr |url=https://schonmagazine.com/interview-ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417104159/https://schonmagazine.com/interview-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=Schön! Magazine}}</ref> kandi agaragara mu mashusho y’indirimbo ya Eri Ife yise" Umugore w'ejo hazaza.Nubwo yakomeje kwamamara kuri murandasi ntiyakomeje gushidikanya ku bijyanye no gukurikirana umuziki ndetse anatekereza ku micungire y’umuziki kugira ngo ashyigikire amashusho y’umuvandimwe we Dami . Nkumuntu warukiri kwiga, yashimwe [[:en:Mavin_Records|Mavin Records]], byatumye abarimu bamutangarira kubona amashusho ye muri telephone zabo yakozwe nikigo cyumuziki gikorera abahanzi bazwi nka Di'Ja na Korede Bello. <ref name="ayraradar">{{Cite news |last=Gunn |first=Charlotte |date=31 August 2022 |title=On The Radar: Ayra Starr |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/on-the-radar-ayra-starr/086464 |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=[[Music Week]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] == Other ventures ==    '''Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe''' Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe (wavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002), uzwi cyane nka '''Ayra Starr''', ni umuririmbyi n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo wo muri Nijeriya. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu '''2022''' ubwo yasohoraga indirimbo '''“Rush”'''. Iyo ndirimbo yagiye ku rutonde rw’indirimbo zikunzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Ubusuwisi, Irilande n’Ubwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. <ref name=":0"/> Yanamuhesheje kandi guhabwa '''nominasiyo mu bihembo bya Grammy ku nshuro ya 66''' nk’umunyafurika witwaye neza. <ref name=":1"/> Mu ntangiriro za 2021, Starr yatangiye umwuga we asohora umuzingo wambere windirimbo wiswe Ayra Starr ndetse nindirimbo yambere yari iriho yise " Away ", yamaze ibyumweru bibiri bikurikiranye kuri numero ya kane kurutonde rwa TurnTable Top 50 ya Nijeriya; iyi indirimbo kandi yageze ku mwanya wa 17 kuri Billboard Top Triller Global chart. Yakurikiwe no kumurika alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio, 19 & Dangerous (2021). yashyizwe mu byiciro nka Afropop na R&B, yakiriwe neza kandi itanga ibyiciro bibiri bya mbere muri Nijeriya. Indirimbo ya mbere yise " Amaraso y'umusamariya " yageze ku mbonerahamwe ya Top 50, iba indirimbo ya mbere y’umuhanzi w’umugore igeze ku mwanya wa mbere. Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Starr yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku bahanzi bitezwe muri Billboard . <ref name="NBS2">{{cite magazine|title=Next Big Sound Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|magazine=Billboard|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821064614/https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri 2024, Starr yasohoye alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwo hambere === Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe yavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002 i Cotonou, [[Bene|muri Bénin]], akurira hagati aho no i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="Hypebae3"/>Ni Umunyanijeriya kandi ni umurage wa Yoruba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=ETUKUDO |first=Itoro |date=2023-05-11 |title=How I came about the name, Ayra Starr |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-i-came-about-the-name-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> hamwe n'ababyeyi bombi bo muri Leta ya Kwara . Yakuriye mu ndimi nyinshi, yiga Yoruba kandi yiga [[Igifaransa]] mu myaka ye ya mbere i Bénin, kandi azi neza icyongereza na Nigeriya Pidgin, akoresha kenshi mu mirimo ye no mu mikoranire y'abanyamakuru. Umuryango we wimukiye kenshi, bitewe nubucuruzi bwa se, byatumye bigorana kurema ubucuti burambye mumashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Aderibigbe ni uwa kabiri mu bana batanu. Mukuru we Dami (wavutse 2000) yabaye umucuranzi wa gitari na nutunganya umuziki; barumuna be barimo Ade, Tolulope, na Jesutunmise. <ref name="Legitnewsng"/> Umuziki wari ingenzi mubuzima bwumuryango. Nyina, wahoze ari umuririmbyi, na Dami bagize uruhare rukomeye mukubagenderaho. Afite imyaka icumi, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri atangira kwandika indirimbo hamwe na Dami, bayobowe na nyina na nyirasenge. Abavandimwe be nabo bashinze itsinda kandi bahoraga binjira mumarushanwa yumuziki waho bari batuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Nubwo Aderibigbe yakundaga ubuhanzi akiri ingimbi, ise yari yaramusabye gushyira imbere amasomo mbere yuko apfa. Yize muri kaminuza <ref name="Rollingstone1"/> Cours Sonou muri Cotonou ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya BA mu mibanire mpuzamahanga na siyanse ya politiki . <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> Mu myaka ya kaminuza, yakunze gutotezwa nabanyeshuri bigana kubera imyaka ye ndetse nisura. Kugira ngo ahangane n'ibyiyumvo yagize byo gutukwa, yitabaje umuziki. "Numvaga Nicki Minaj ngiye ku ishuri maze nkumva meze nka Nicki Minaj wa kabiri." <ref name="Hypebae3"/>Nyina wa Aderibigbe yashyigikiraga cyane ibyifuzo bye bya muzika kandi buri gihe yamushishikarizaga gukora umwuga wo kuririmba.<ref name="NME"/> === 2018–2020: Intangiriro yumwuga === Ubunararibonye bwa Starr bwarimo guhatana akiri umwana kuri televiziyo ya Nigeriya yerekana impano ya ''Maltina Dance All'', aho yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri kandi yatsindiye televiziyo nk'igihembo, ibyo umuryango we wabonaga ari ikimenyetso cyerekana impano ye hakiri kare. <ref name="TLBF"/> <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=“Dare To Dream” Review—Ayra Starr Documentary Connects The Past To The Future |url=https://culturecustodian.com/dare-to-dream-review-ayra-starr-documentary-connects-the-past-to-the-future/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)}}</ref> Mu myaka y’ishuri, yakoze mashup ibyitwa nko kuvanga indirimbo ebyiri arizo One Direction '" Inkuru y'Ubuzima Bwanjye " na " Sade " ya Adekunle Gold mu gitaramo cy'ishuri. Nk’uko Starr abitangaza ngo iki gitaramo cyateye ababyeyi n'abarimu amarira, maze ashishikarizwa gufatana uburemere umuziki, ibyo bikaba byararanze ibyo yaje kuvuga ko ari "itangiriro". Muri 2018 <ref name="TLBF" />, Starr yasinyanye na Quove Models, ikigo gishinzwe kwerekana imideli i Lagos . Nyuma yaje kwigana ibigo nka Studio ya Mazelle, Ikinyamakuru cyuzuye cyimyambarire, na Esperanza Woman. Nyuma yaje kuvuga ko umuziki n’imyambarire ari inyungu zuzuzanya byaje bisanzwe kuri we. <ref name="Notionmag"/> Muri icyo gihe kimwe, yatangiye no guteza imbere umwuga we wo kuririmba binyuze kuri murandasi. Muri 2019, yatangiye gushyira hanze indirimbo zisubiyemo b zabahanzi nka Andra Day na 2Face Idibia kumbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref name="NME">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Nigerian teen leading her generation's sonic revolution |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/ayra-starr-nigerian-teen-leading-her-generations-sonic-revolution-2880834 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417095939/https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/ayra-starr-nigerian-teen-leading-her-generations-sonic-revolution-2880834 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Starr yanakinnye mu gitaramo cy’imivugo aho yerekanaga amashusho ya Jorja Smith " Ntunyitegereze ndira ", yibutsa ko bamwe mu bari bateraniye aho barize mu gihe cye. <ref name="NMETalks"/> Yahisemo izina rya stage "Ayra Starr" kubera ko ryasobanuraga "gukanguka no guhumura amaso," <ref name="Schonmag"/> kandi agaragara mu mashusho y’indirimbo ya Eri Ife yise" Umugore w'ejo hazaza.Nubwo yakomeje kwamamara kuri murandasi ntiyakomeje gushidikanya ku bijyanye no gukurikirana umuziki ndetse anatekereza ku micungire y’umuziki kugira ngo ashyigikire amashusho y’umuvandimwe we Dami . Nkumuntu warukiri kwiga, yashimwe [[:en:Mavin_Records|Mavin Records]], byatumye abarimu bamutangarira kubona amashusho ye muri telephone zabo yakozwe nikigo cyumuziki gikorera abahanzi bazwi nka Di'Ja na Korede Bello. <ref name="ayraradar"/> Ukuboza 2019, Starr yashyize ahagaragara indirimbo yumwimerere yitwa "Ibyangiritse" kurupapuro rwe rwa Instagram . Mu masaha atatu, uwashinze Mavin Don Jazzy yamwoherereje ubutumwa butaziguye bugaragaza ko ashimishijwe n'umuziki we kandi amutumira guhura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=Oladoyinbo |date=13 February 2024 |title=How I Got Signed By Don Jazzy |url=https://devone.com.ng/2024/02/how-ayra-starr-got-signed-to-don-jazzys-marvin-records-must-read.html |access-date= |website=DevOne Africa |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423132509/https://www.devone.com.ng/2024/02/how-ayra-starr-got-signed-to-don-jazzys-marvin-records-must-read.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NME"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onyango |first=Alfayo |date=2 April 2021 |title=Arya Starr: Nigerian teen music sensation |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/2001408298/arya-starr-nigerian-teen-music-sensation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402132222/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/2001408298/arya-starr-nigerian-teen-music-sensation |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]}}</ref> Nyuma Starr yabibonye yari kurya ibinyampeke maze abonye ubutumwa avuza induru yishimye, nuko nyirasenge amufasha gutanga igisubizo. <ref name="TLBF"/> Don Jazzy yavumbuye page ye abinyujije kumuntu wamukurikinaga kumbuga nkoranyambaga wakundaga gusangiza abandi ibihangano byabahanzi bakiri bato. Abonye ubutumwa bwe bwa mbere butabonye igisubizo, yamuvugishije abinyujije kuri musaza we. <ref name="donjazzysign">{{Cite news |last=ADEKUNLE |first=MUSA |date=28 September 2025 |title=Why I signed Ayra Starr to Mavin Records - Don Jazzy |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/why-i-signed-ayra-starr-to-mavin-records-don-jazzy/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}</ref> Isomo rya mbere rya Starr kuri Studiyo ya Mavin kwari ukumenyekanisha amajwi yabigize umwuga. Yiyemereye ko yari afite ubwoba bwinshi muri ibyo bihe; we na murumuna we bizihizaga bucece igihe cyose Don Jazzy yabaga avuye mucyumba, hanyuma akongera guhimba agarutse. <ref name="Rollingstone1"/> Nyuma yaje gutekereza ku miterere ya Mavin nkumuryango aho gushingira ku bucuruzi. <ref name="Rollingstone1" />, muri 2020 yafatiye amajwi muri Studiyo ya Mavin i Lagos hamwe na ba producer Louddaaa, Don Jazzy, na Dayogrey. <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> [[Dosiye:Ayra_Starr_performs_Rush_at_Shoke_Shoke_Festival.webm|right|thumb| Ayra Starr akora "Rush" mu iserukiramuco rya Shoke Shoke muri Kenya, 2023.]] Umuzingo wambere yikoreye yise umukino wa wagutse wasohotse ku ya 22 Mutarama 2021 abinyujije kuri Mavin Records.<ref name="Apple">{{Cite web |last=Asejemu |first=Mojisola |date=10 January 2025 |title=Ayra Starr Net Worth 2025, New Songs and Achievements |url=https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ayra-starr/ |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=Np media |language=en-us |archive-date=24 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324064638/https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ayra-starr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yasobanuwe nk "amateka y’urukundo cyangwa ibihe bishingiye ku rukundo" kandi "ahuza ibintu bya R&amp;amp;B / neo-roho na Afropop percussion." <ref name="Pulse">{{Cite news |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=22 January 2021 |title=Ayra Starr sounds like a disruptor with a soul of 'lamba' on her self-titled debut [Pulse EP Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ayra-starr-ayra-starr-ep/xlbmdm3 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Starr yavuze ko icyifuzo cye muri aya majwi ari ugukora umuziki uzumvikana n'abumva ndetse n'abakuru. <ref name="eighteenmag">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2021 |title=Ayra Starr |url=http://1883magazine.com/ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413083834/http://1883magazine.com/ayra-starr/ |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=1883 Magazine}}</ref> Kuvanga no kumenya neza umuzingo wizo ndirimbo byakozwe na Ikon, Louddaaa na Johnny Drille . Starr yanditse imwe mu ndirimbo kuri uwo muzingo wenyine kandi afatanya kwandika eyne zisigaye hamwe na murumuna we Dami. <ref name="Apple" /> Nyuma gato yo gusohoka, uwo muzingo wabaye alubumu ya mbere kuri Nigeriya iTunes na Apple Music . Kugeza muri Werurwe 2021, wageze ku mwanya umwe kuri Apple Music mu bindi bihugu 4, yumvwa munshuro zirenga miliyoni 15 muri Spotify, YouTube na Audio Mack . Uyu mushinga wabyaye inzira " Away " wageze ku mwanya wa kane kuri <nowiki><i id="mw7w">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Top 50 yo muri Nijeriya na 17 muri Amerika <nowiki><i id="mw8Q">Billboard</i></nowiki> Top Triller Global . Amashusho y'indirimbo ayiherekeza kandi yerekanwe ku rubuga rwa MTV Base <ref name="TurnTable">{{Cite web |title=Turntable Charts |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190330/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> rwa ''Naija'' Top 10 ''.'' <ref name="OkayAfrica">{{Cite news |date=27 January 2021 |title=The 9 Best Nigerian Songs of the Month (January) |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-music-songs-best-january/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504023657/https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-music-songs-best-january/ |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> Starr yasohoye verisiyo ya remix ya "Ija" na " Away " irimo Tokimonsta na Lilo hagati ya Werurwe na Mata. Muri kiriya gihe kimwe, Umuzingo ''Twelve AM'' ya Crayon wasohotse hamwe nijwi rye mundirimbo "Muri Sync." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=26 March 2021 |title=Rema, Ayra Starr, Bella Shmurda feature on Crayon's new EP, 'Twelve AM' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-crayon-twelve-am/8rtfk02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413072323/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-crayon-twelve-am/8rtfk02 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-NG}}</ref> Yakinnye muri " UC Berkeley " Ishyirahamwe ry’abanyeshuri bo muri Nijeriya ryerekana umuco wiswe Olori Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okobz |first=Ralph |date=20 April 2021 |title=Watch Ayra Starr's Captivating UC Berkeley Performance |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-uc-berkeley-performance-watch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503132542/https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-uc-berkeley-performance-watch/ |archive-date=3 May 2021 |access-date=5 May 2021 |website=[[NotJustOk]]}}</ref> Muri Mata 2021 , amashusho y’indirimbo ye "DITR" yasohotse kuri YouTube abinyujije kuri Mavin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2021 |title=New Video: Ayra Starr – DITR |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/04/ayra-starr-ditr-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/04/ayra-starr-ditr-video/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=5 May 2021 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2021, hasohotse amashusho yindirimbo yindi ndirimbo yitwa "Sare". Amashusho yindirimbo yombi yayobowe na Afolabi Olalekan. Ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2021, Starr yaririmbye shampiyona yanyuma ya ''Nigeriya Idol'' . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=11 July 2021 |title=Ice Prince, Ayra Starr, others perform at Nigerian Idol Grand Finale |url=https://punchng.com/ice-prince-ayra-starr-others-perform-at-nigrian-idol-grand-finale/ |access-date=27 July 2021 |work=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> Ku ya 6 Kanama 2021, Album ye ya mbere ya studio, yise ''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' yashyizwe ahagaragara. Kuri iyi alubumu, yakoranye na bagenzi be bahoze bakorana Louddaaa na Don Jazzy, bombi bakaba baragize uruhare mu gutanga umusaruro kuri EP ''Ayra Starr'', ndetse n'abafatanyabikorwa bashya, London na Andre Vibez. Iyi alubumu yerekanye bwa mbere gufatanwa amajwi hamwe nabahanzi babatumirwa nka Fousheé na CKay . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ayra Starr Set To Release Visual For "Beggie Beggie" with Ckay |url=https://wapbeatz.com/news/ayra-starr-set-to-release-visual-for-beggie-beggie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://wapbeatz.com/news/ayra-starr-set-to-release-visual-for-beggie-beggie/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=wapBeatz.com}}</ref> Yahuye niyakirwa ryiza hamwe nabashima benshi amajwi yayo nkayambere muri Afropop na R&B. Yabyaye ibitego bibiri bya mbere mirongo ine kuri ''TurnTable'' Top 50, isumba izindi ni " Umusamariya Wamaraso ", iyo indirimbo yonyine, yabaye iya Starr ya mbere ya mbere ku mbonerahamwe. Indirimbo yazamutse muri Top 50 mu byumweru byinshi, kandi, ku mbonerahamwe yo ku ya 27 Nzeri 2021, yageze ku mwanya wa mbere, bituma Starr aba umuhanzi w'umugore wa mbere ubikora ufite indirimbo wenyine. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Badewa |first=Collins |date=19 July 2021 |title=Rave News Digest: Ayra Starr Announces Album Release Date, Colin Kaepernick Writing A Book, Giroud + More |url=https://www.stylerave.com/ayra-starr-album-release-date/ |access-date=20 July 2021 |work=Style Rave}}</ref> ' [ ''4'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=DNA Mix: Throwback |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000y75k |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730090510/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000y75k |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |publisher=[[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] |via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike |first=Steven |date=6 August 2021 |title=Ayra Starr 19 & Dangerous Album |url=https://ivorymp3.com/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190331/https://ivorymp3.com/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-album/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=ivoryMP3}}</ref>​ Muri Nzeri 2021, yagizwe ambasaderi w’ikirango muri Pepsi Nigeriya. Bukeye, Starr yaririmbye mugihe cyo kwerekana imbonankubone ya ''Big Brother Naija'' . <ref name="Pepsi">{{Cite news |date=4 September 2021 |title=Pepsi unveils new ambassadors Ayra Starr and Rema #ForTheLoveOfMusic |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/pepsi-unveils-new-ambassadors-ayra-starr-and-rema-fortheloveofmusic/ |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> Yakoranye na Check kuri "Akaga", indirimbo ya kabiri kuri alubumu ye ''Bravo'' . Mu bihembo bya 8 bya Afurika Muzik Magazine Awards, yatorewe igihembo cyiza cy'umuhanzi mushya. Muri Werurwe 2022, Starr yiswe "Up Now" na serivise yo gutunganya umuziki Audiomack . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Ayra Starr Is #UpNow |url=https://audiomack.com/world/post/ayra-starr-is-upnow-announcement |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Audiomack World |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 16 Nzeri 2022, Starr yasohoye " Rush " nkimwe mundirimbo zigize album ya ''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-16 |title=Ayra Starr Releases "Rush" Her First Single Of The Year |url=https://guardian.ng/life/ayra-starr-releases-rush-her-first-single-of-the-year/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/>mu turere twinshi, harimo Ubusuwisi, Irilande n'Ubwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. Yabaye indirimbo yambere icuranzwe cyane kuri spotify yakozwe numugore wenyine wumunyanijeriya kandi yanatumye aba umunyafurika wambere wumugore urenze miliyoni ijana kundirimbo imwe yarebwe kuri yutube kandi yanatumye Starr ahamagarwa bwambere muri Grammy Awards ya 66 ngarukamwaka mu bihembo byiza bya muzika nyafurika . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr's "Rush" To The Top: The Afrobeats Singer On Numerology, The Male Gaze & The Power Of Kelly Rowland {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/ayra-starr-interview-2024-grammys-best-african-music-performance-videos |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=grammy.com}}</ref>​''​'' Kuya 10 Ugushyingo2022 yagaragaye mu ndirimbo ya Wizkid ya gatanu kuri alubumu yitwa urukundo rwinshi kwiyemera gucye. Indirimbo yageze ku mwanya wa 1 mu ndirimbo zigezweho kuri Billboard, kandi yerekanwe ku mwanya wa 5 ku mbonerahamwe y’indirimbo za Billboard US Afrobeats . Ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023, Starr yerekeje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga atangaza ko umuziki we wakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo gufata amajwi ya filime ''Creed III'' . <ref name="Aliyu">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2023 |title=Ayra Starr gushes as her song gets featured in Hollywood's,Creed III |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ayra-starr-gushes-as-her-song-gets-featured-in-hollywoods-creed-iii/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=tribuneonlineng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Nigerian singer Ayra Starr names Cristiano Ronaldo among her idols |url=https://soccerbrief.co.uk/nigerian-singer-ayra-starr-names-cristiano-ronaldo-among-her-idols/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=SoccerBrief.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2023, Starr yatangaje ko azayobora urugendo rwe rwa mbere ruzenguruka isi rwiswe 21: The World Tour . Muri urwo ruzinduko harimo guhagarara <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr Announces First Headlining World Tour / Reveals Dates - That Grape Juice |url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2023/07/ayra-starr-announces-first-headlining-world-tour-reveals-dates/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=thatgrapejuice.net}}</ref> [[Amerika ya Ruguru]], Afurika, [[Burayi|Uburayi]] na [[Ositaraliya]]. Ku ya 27 <ref name=":2" /> Ukwakira 2023, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo ya David Guetta yitwa " Big FU ", hamwe n'umuraperi Lil Durk . Yageze ku mwanya wa 23 ku ndirimbo za Afrobeats zo muri Amerika na No 18 kuri Nouvelle-Zélande Top 40 yambere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Guetta dévoile un nouveau morceau "Big FU" |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-11-03 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ Top 40]]}}</ref> === 2024 - ubungubu: ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' === Mu mpera za 2023, Starr yatangiye gukora kuri alubumu ye ya kabiri yo muri studio, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . Umushinga wagaragaje ubwihindurize bukomeye mubukorikori bwe, bugaragaza insanganyamatsiko yo kwishakisha, urukundo, intimba no guha imbaraga. Starr yasobanuye ko umutwe wa alubumu watewe inkunga no kuba yarakuze, asobanura ko "atari imyaka gusa, ahubwo ko ari imikurire, kwivumbura, n'amasomo nize mu nzira." Amahugurwa yo gufata amajwi yabereye kuri Studiyo ya Mavin i Lagos akomeza mu 2024, hamwe n’umusanzu watanzwe na Louddaaa, London, na Johnny Drille, ndetse na producer Rvssian watowe na Grammy. Starr yavuze ko gufata amajwi ari "urugendo rwo kugerageza no kwigaragaza, aho nemereye kuba umunyantege nke." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Magnocavallo |first=Fabio |date=30 May 2024 |title=Ayra Starr |url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2024/05/covers-ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |work=EUPHORIA.}}</ref> Mugihe cyo gutunganya alubumu, Starr yatangiye kubaka imbaraga n'amahirwe akomeye n'abafatanyabikorwa. Ku ya 5 Werurwe 2024, umuhanzi w’umunyamerika uririmba injyana ya R&B , Chris Brown, yatangaje ko mu 2024 Starr azaba kimwe mu bikorwa byo gutangiza uruzinduko rwe rwa 11:11 muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bishimangira kuba mpuzamahanga ahari <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chris Brown Announces "The 11:11 Tour" Dates With Muni Long and Ayra Starr |url=https://www.rap-up.com/2024/03/05/chris-brown-announces-the-1111-tour-dates-with-muni-long-and-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Rap-Up |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426220053/https://www.rap-up.com/2024/03/05/chris-brown-announces-the-1111-tour-dates-with-muni-long-and-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=2024-04-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ku ya 8 Mata 2024, producer Rvssian wo muri Jamayike yasohoye indirimbo " Santa ", ku bufatanye n’umuhanzi Starr hamwe n’umuhanzi Rauw Alejandro wa reggaeton. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=LaMezcla |date=2024-04-08 |title=Rvssian Rauw Alejandro & Ayra Starr Release New Single "Santa" |url=https://lamezcla.com/rvssian-rauw-alejandro-ayra-starr-release-new-single-santa/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501024755/https://lamezcla.com/rvssian-rauw-alejandro-ayra-starr-release-new-single-santa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inzira yahindutse yamenyekanye cyane, ihuza Afropop, reggaeton, na Dancehall. Byatumye kandi Starr aba umuhanzi wambere wigitsina gore wo muri Nigeriya wageze kuri miliyoni 20 zabantu bamwumva kuri Spotify. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-30 |title=Ayra Starr achieves 2 career milestones on Spotify |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-career-milestones-on-spotify/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaseline |date=2024-04-30 |title=Ayra Starr reaches 2 career milestones on Spotify |url=https://www.pkauto.ca/post/op49500cd11/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501182722/https://www.pkauto.ca/post/op49500cd11/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri uko kwezi, Starr yitabiriye ibirori bya Fenty i Londres, aho yahuriye na Rihanna . Imikoranire yabo, yafashwe muri videwo ikwirakwizwa cyane, yateje kwibaza ku bufatanye bushoboka. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2024 |title=Rihanna & Ayra Starr Finally Meet at FENTY X PUMA London Launch - That Grape Juice |url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2024/04/rihanna-ayra-starr-finally-meet-at-fenty-x-puma-london-launch/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=thatgrapejuice.net}}</ref> Rihanna, wavumbuye umuziki wa Starr abinyujije kuri mubyara we, yagaragaje ko yishimiye Starr anabaza ibijyanye no gukorana na Starr na Tems. Nyuma Starr yagize icyo avuga ku mikoranire, agaragaza ko yishimiye ko Rihanna ashimishijwe kandi ko yiteguye gukorana n'abahanzi bombi mu bihe biri imbere. <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2024 |title=Why I want a song with Ayra Starr – Rihanna |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/04/why-i-want-a-song-with-ayra-starr-rihanna/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=Vanguard}}</ref> Mbere yo gusohora TYIT21, Starr yabanje gusohora izindi ndirimbo nyinshi ari wenyine. "Rhythm & Blues" yasohotse ku ya 13 Nzeri 2023, yinjiye mu nsanganyamatsiko z’urukundo na karahanyuze, mu gihe "Commas" yasohotse ku ya 2 Gashyantare 2024, yagaragaje icyizere n'ubwigenge mu bijyanye n'amafaranga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr's New Single Has Her Staying Focused On Her "Commas" – Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-commas-new-single/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> "Santa", yasohotse ku ya 8 Mata 2024, yabaye inzira ihagaze neza, ishimirwa injyana yayo ishimishije ndetse n'amagambo akinisha. Buri ndirimbo yari iherekejwe n'amashusho yindirimbo zigaragara ziyobowe nabayobozi bakomeye bo muri Afrika, byubaka gutegereza alubumu yuzuye. ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' wasohotse kumugaragaro ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2024, binyuze muri Mavin Records. Iyi alubumu igaragaramo ubufatanye n'abahanzi nka Seyi Vibez, Coco Jones, Giveon, Asake, Anitta na Rauw Alejandro. Indirimbo nka "Umugore w'umukomando," zirimo Coco Jones na Anitta, zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa Starr bwo guhuza injyana ya Afrobeat nuburyo bwa pop bwiburengerazuba. Avuga kuri ubwo ku bufatanye, yagize ati: "Buri muhanzi yazanye ikintu kidasanzwe, ansunika gushakisha impande nshya z'ubuhanzi bwanjye." Imaze gusohoka, alubumu yatangiriye ku mwanya wa mbere ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ya Nijeriya maze yinjira muri <nowiki><i id="mwAcA">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 kuri No 195, bituma Starr aba umuhanzi w’umugore wa mbere wo muri Nijeriya wageze kuri iyi ntambwe. Abakenguzamateka bashimye umusaruro wayo udasanzwe hamwe no kuvuga inkuru hamwe. ''Pitchfork'' yavuze ko iyo alubumu ari "umurimo utinyitse kandi werekana neza unasobanura Afropop igezweho." Inndirimbo nka "21" zashimiwe cyane kubwimbaraga zamarangamutima, mugihe "Abana Bameze neza" yagaragazaga amajwi yumuryango wa Starr, bigatuma abamwumva bamenya neza ubuzima bwe bwite. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Chokrane |first=Boutayna |title=Ayra Starr: The Year I Turned 21 |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |work=Pitchfork}}</ref> Nyuma yo kumurika alubumu, Starr yakoze ibitaramo mpuzamahanga bikomeye kandi ashyigikira abahanzi bamenyekanye mu ngendo zikomeye. Yabashije kuba nk'igikorwa cyo gutangiza urugendo rwa Chris Brown mu 2024 11:11 Yerekeje mu mijyi 26 yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kuva muri Kamena kugeza Kanama, aho yerekanaga inndirimbo nshya kuva kuri ''mu mwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . Muri kamena 2024, Starr yakoze amateka nkumuhanzi wambere wumugore wumunyafurika witwaye neza kuri Glastonbury Festival ya Pyramid Stage. <ref name="Glastonbury">{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=25 June 2024 |title=Ayra Starr on her 'crazy' Glastonbury debut and meeting Rihanna |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd11vjg2y1vo |access-date=9 November 2025 |work=www.bbc.com}}</ref> Yayoboye kandi Afro Nation Detroit muri Kanama. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Claxton |first=Christopher |date=19 August 2024 |title=Afrobeats to the World: 4 Best Moments at Afro Nation Detroit |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/afro-nation-detroit-2024-recap-best-moments/rb-meets-afrobeats-with-partynextdoor/ |access-date=9 November 2025 |work=Billboard}}</ref> Abakenguzamateka berekanye ''umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' nkisobanura ubuzima bwa Starr, aho ''Billboard'' yayishimye "nk'insanganyamatsiko yerekana gukura no nintumbero zihura n'imico yose." Starr yakoranye na Coldplay ku ndirimbo "Ibyiyumvo byiza" yo muri alubumu ya ''Moon Music'' ya Coldplay kandi yari igikorwa cyo gushyigikira itsinda rya Muzika rya Spheres World Tour muri Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande. Muri Gashyantare 2025, Starr yatangije umwaka n'indirimbo ye ya mbere yise "Urukundo Rwose", ashyiraho urwego ruzaba umwe mu myaka ye yihinduka rye. <ref name="uproxx">{{Cite news |last=Pointer |first=Flisadam |date=11 February 2025 |title=Ayra Starr Has ’All The Love’ To Give On Her Affirming New Single |url=https://uproxx.com/music/ayra-starr-all-the-love-lyric-video/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=[[UPROXX]]}}</ref> uko kwezi, yakoze amateka muri MOBO Awards yabereye muri Utilita Arena ya Newcastle ku ya 18 Gashyantare, aba umugore wa mbere mu myaka 16 wegukanye igihembo cyitwa amategeko meza ya muzika nyafurika . Yatsindiye kandi amategeko mpuzamahanga meza . <ref name="Mobos">{{Cite news |last=Baisie |first=Seli |date=19 February 2025 |title=MOBO Awards: Ayra Starr makes history as first woman to win Best African Act |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/entertainment/ayra-starr-2/2025/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Ghana Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Muri Mata yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere w’umugore wo muri Nijeriya wabonye icyemezo cya Diamond cyo mu [[Ikilatini|kilatini]] cyatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zandika amajwi muri Amerika kubera ubufatanye bwe 2024 na "Santa" na Rvssian na Rauw Alejandro, binjije miliyoni zirenga 35 mukurebwa. <ref name="NationNG">{{Cite news |last=Fasan |first=Yewande |date=2 February 2025 |title=Ayra Starr makes history as first Nigerian woman to receive RIAA Diamond Single |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ayra-starr-makes-history-as-first-nigerian-woman-to-receive-riaa-diamond-single/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Mata, yasohoye " Gimme Dat " irimo [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], yerekana "911" ya Wyclef Jean na Mary J. Blige . Muri Kamena, Starr yatsindiye igihembo cye cya mbere cya BET kubera igihembo mpuzamahanga cyiza mu birori byabereye mu nzu mberabyombi ya Peacock i Los Angeles ku ya 9 Kamena, atoranya abatoranijwe barimo Black Sherif wo muri [[Gana]], mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya witwa [[Rema]], na [[Tyla]] na Uncle Waffles wo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Urugendo rwe rwo mu mpeshyi 2025 rwatangiye ku ya 20 Kamena hamwe n’igitaramo cyabereye mu iserukiramuco rya Summerjam <ref name="Betawards25">{{Cite news |date=10 June 2025 |title=Ayra Starr makes history with first BET award for Best International Act |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/06/ayra-starr-makes-history-with-first-bet-award-for-best-international-act/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> New Jersey, hakurikiraho kugaragara mu iserukiramuco ry’umuziki ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Kitts ku ya 28 Kamena na Montreal International Jazz Festival ku ya 1 Nyakanga. Kuva ku ya 7 Nyakanga, yinjiye mu itsinda ry’abongereza Coldplay ku matariki menshi ya sitade kuri Muzika yabo ya Spheres World Tour, atangirana nabo murugendo rw’amajoro atatu kuri Stade ya Downsview, muri Toronto ku ya 7, 8, na 12 Kanama kuri Stade ya Downsview. Izebguruka ryakomereje kuri sitade ya Wembley muri London kuya 22 na 23 Kanama, aho Coldplay yakinnye amateka yerekana amateka ikuraho iminsi icumi icuranga kuri stade yigihugu cyUbwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clifford |first=Elizabeth |date=2 July 2025 |title=Ayra Starr announces ongoing Summer 2025 Tour |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-announces-ongoing-summer-2025-tour/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> Hagati muri Nyakanga, Starr yasinyanye amasezerano n’ubuyobozi mpuzamahanga na Roc Nation ya Jay-Z mu gihe asigaye yasinywe na Mavin Records kugira ngo asohore umuziki. Ubufatanye bufatika bwateguwe kugirango akoreshe imbaraga zo kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’Amerika. Iri tangazo ryagaragaye ku ya 16 Nyakanga, ryemeje ko Roc Nation izagenzura imurikagurisha rye ku isi, kuzenguruka, gutumaho, ndetse n'amasezerano yemeza, cyane cyane muri Amerika n'Uburayi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 2025 |title=Ayra Starr signs management deal with Jay-Z's Roc Nation |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/ayra-starr/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Vanguard Allure}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Nyakanga, yasohoye " Umubiri ushyushye ", indirimbo yinjizwamo imbyino yakozwe na Ragee na The Elements, yashimiwe n'basesenguzi, hamwe na ''Billboard'' yayise "igikonjo cyihuta cya divayi". Iyi ndirimbo yaranze isohoka rye rya mbere munsi yubuyobozi bwa Roc Nation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rys |first=Heran Mamo,Dan |date=30 July 2025 |title=African Fresh Picks: Tyla & Wizkid, Ayra Starr, Odeal, Burna Boy, Asake & Tiakola, Fireboy DML & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/best-new-african-songs-tyla-wizkid-ayra-starr-burna-boy-1236031172/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Billboard}}</ref> kandi ihinduka ihatanira igihembo cy'impeshyi. Ku ya 27 Nzeri, Starr yaririmbye mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’abenegihugu muri Parike Nkuru ya New York ari kumwe kuruhembe na Cardi B na Shakira, ndetse na Tyla, Mariah Umuhanga, na Camilo. Iri serukiramuco ryakiriwe na Ambasaderi w’umuturage w’isi Hugh Jackman hamwe na Bill Nye, Adam Lambert, Danai Gurira, na Liza Koshy, ryanyuze ku isi hose ku bantu barenga 60.000 bari bitabiriye ibyatsi binini . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch The Weeknd, Shakira, Tyla, Ayra Starr, Mariah the Scientist, and Camilo Perform at the Global Citizen Festival on September 27 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/enquiries/press/2025/watch-the-weeknd-shakira-tyla-ayra-starr-mariah-the-scientist-an/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Mu gitaramo cye, Starr yazanye mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya Rema nk'umushyitsi utunguranye, maze bakorera hamwe "Rush", bakurikirwa na Rema yise " Calm down " na " Uruhinja (Ni Icyaha) ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakira, Cardi B, ROSÉ, Tyla, Rema, Ayra Starr, Mariah the Scientist, Camilo & Elyanna Light Up the 2025 Global Citizen Festival |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/enquiries/press/2025/shakira-cardi-b-rose-tyla-rema-ayra-starr-mariah-the-scientist-c/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Icyi ggihe cyabaye kimwe mubintu byavuzwe cyane mu birori. Nyuma yiyi mikoranire yakataraboneka, Starr na Rema bashyize ahagaragara ubufatanye bwabo bwa mbere nkabahanzi bafatanije kuyobora bise "Ninde uriya mukobwa" ku ya 17 Ukwakira. Iyi ndirimbo yakozwe na Ragee hamwe n’ubundi bufasha bwaturutse muri The Elements, yahujije imbyino, R&B, n’iburasirazuba bwo hagati mu bunararibonye bwa Afro-Dance. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrell |first=Margaret |date=17 October 2025 |title=Ayra Starr & Rema Share New Single "Who's Dat Girl?" |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2326796/ayra-starr-rema-whos-dat-girl/music/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=[[Stereogum]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == === Imiterere yumuziki === Muri Nzeri 2021, Starr yagizwe ambasaderi w’ikirango cya '''Pepsi Nigeria'''. Mu Kwakira 2021, yagaragaye mu rukurikirane rwa televiziyo '''The Cover'''.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=The Cover October 2021: Ayra Starr |url=https://acceleratetv.com/the-cover-october-2021-ayra-starr/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024115811/https://acceleratetv.com/the-cover-october-2021-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=24 October 2021 |publisher=AccelerateTv}}</ref> Yongeye kugaragara muri Fall/Winter 2021 issue of ''ODDA<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perella |first1=Vincent |date=13 November 2021 |title=The Celestial Being: Ayra Starr |url=https://oddamagazine.com/project/the-celestial-being-ayra-starr/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115111838/http://oddamagazine.com/project/the-celestial-being-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=ODDA Magazine}}</ref>'' Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yagaragaye mu nyandiko ya '''Notion'''.<ref name="Notionmag2">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Niall |date=15 November 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Afropop's Bold New Leader {{!}} Notion Interview |url=https://notion.online/ayra-starr-afropops-bold-new-leader-interview/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Notion}}</ref> Nyuma yaho, muri Gashyantare 2025 yasinyiye amasezerano yo kwamamaza ikirango '''New Balance''' hamwe n’umuhanzi n’umukinnyi '''Jaden Smith''', aba umwe mubagaragaza urukurikirane rushya rw’imyambaro ya siporo. Ubundi bufatanye bwe bwatangiriye kuri '''Maybelline New York''', aho ahagarariye uruganda rw’ibirungo byo kwisiga muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara hamwe na '''Darling Nigeria'''.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2023 |title=Ayra Starr as Maybelline Ambassador , Asake ft H.E.R, Thandi Ntuli's "Rainbow Revisited" |url=https://www.marmaladecollective.com/ayra-starr-as-maybelline-ambassador-asake-ft-h-e-r-thandi-ntulis-rainbow-revisited/ |access-date=24 October 2025 |work=Marmalade Collective |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2022 |title=Darling Nigeria Welcomes Ayra Starr Home – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/07/28/darling-nigeria-welcomes-ayra-starr-home/ |access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref> * Chris Brown - Urugendo rwa 11:11 (2024) * Coldplay - Umuziki wurwego ruzenguruka isi (2024–2025) == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yagiye ahatana == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Award ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Recipient(s) and nominees(s) ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Result ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |African Entertainment Awards USA |2021 | rowspan="5" |Herself |Best New Artist | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="net-honours-class-of-2021">{{Cite web |title=Net Honours – The Class of 2021 |url=https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621172630/https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |2021 |Best Newcomer | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ezeh |first=Mario |date=18 May 2014 |title=Afrimma Nominees |url=https://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015194525/https://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees/ |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=AFRIMMA}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Mobo Awards |2021 |Best African Music Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=11 November 2021 |title=Rema and Ayra Starr nominated for the 2021 MOBO Awards |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/rema-and-ayra-starr-nominated-for-the-2021-mobo-awards/znq86p3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190336/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/rema-and-ayra-starr-nominated-for-the-2021-mobo-awards/znq86p3 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |Best African Music Act |{{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pilley |first=Max |date=2025-02-18 |title=Here are all the winners from the MOBO Awards 2025 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/here-are-all-the-winners-from-the-mobo-awards-2025-3839156 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best International Act |{{won}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Net Honours |2021 |"Away" |Most Played R&B Song | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref name="net-honours-class-of-2021" /> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | rowspan="3" |Herself |Breakout Artist of the Year (Female) |{{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=2022-07-04 |title=NET Honours People's Choice Awards: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/net-honours-peoples-choice-awards-all-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715221250/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/net-honours-peoples-choice-awards-all-winners |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Most Searched Musician (Female) |{{nom}} |- ! rowspan="9" scope="row" |The Headies | rowspan="8" |2022 |Next Rated |{{nom}} | rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=2022-09-05 |title=Headies 2022: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/headies-2022-all-winners |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |"Beggie Beggie" <small>(feat. CKay)</small> |Best R&B Single | {{nom}} |- |Best Collaboration | {{nom}} |- |"Toxic" |Best Vocal Performance (Female) | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Bloody Samaritan" |Best Afrobeats Single of the Year | {{nom}} |- |Headies' Viewer's Choice | {{win}} |- | rowspan="2" |''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' |Best Afrobeats Album | {{nom}} |- |Album of the Year | {{nom}} |- |2024 |"Last Heartbreak Song" <small>(with Giveon)</small> |Best R&amp;amp;B Single |{{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2025 |title=17th Headies Award Winners |url=https://theheadies.com/the-17th-headies-award-winners/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Headies |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502160017/https://theheadies.com/the-17th-headies-award-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" |BET Awards |2022 | rowspan="2" |Herself |Best New International Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=Pheelz and Ayra Starr Make History With BET 2022 Award Nominations |url=https://tooxclusive.com/pheelz-and-ayra-starr-make-history-with-bet-2022-nominations/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Tooxclusive |archive-date=2023-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727000807/https://tooxclusive.com/pheelz-and-ayra-starr-make-history-with-bet-2022-nominations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2023 |Best International Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |"Commas" |BET Her Award |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=BET Awards 2024: See The Full Winners List |url=https://www.bet.com/article/7nl4ms/bet-awards-2024-see-the-full-winners-list |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=BET |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006102915/https://www.bet.com/article/7nl4ms/bet-awards-2024-see-the-full-winners-list |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |Herself |Best New Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best International Act | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2025 |Best New Artist |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Katie |date=2025-06-10 |title=2025 BET Awards Winners List |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2025-bet-awards-winners-1235993777/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- |Best Female R&amp;amp;B/Pop Artist |{{nom}} |- |Best International Act |{{won}} |- ! scope="row" |The Future Awards Africa |2022 | rowspan="1" |Herself |Prize for Music |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" |MTV Video Music Awards | rowspan="2" |2023 |"Rush" |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | |- |"2 Sugar" <small>(with [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]])</small> |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} |- |2024 |"Last Heartbreak Song" <small>(feat. Giveon)</small> |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=2024-08-06 |title=Taylor Swift Leads MTV VMAs Nominations With 10, as Post Malone, Sabrina Carpenter, Ariana Grande and Eminem Also Get a Big Look |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/mtv-vmas-nominations-taylor-swift-post-malone-awards-1236096620/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2025 |"Last Heartbreak Song" |Push Performance of the Year |{{nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Walden |date=2025-09-07 |title=MTV VMAs 2025 Winners: See the Full List Here |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mtv-vmas-2025-winners-see-the-full-list-here/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Grammy Awards |2024 |"Rush" | rowspan="2" |Best African Music Performance |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":1"/> |- |2026 |"Gimme Dat" |{{pending}} | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |3Music Awards | rowspan="7" |2024 |"Sability" |African Song of the Year |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=3Music Awards 2024: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2024-all-winners |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |Herself |African Act of the Year |{{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best New |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=2024-10-08 |title=Tyla and Ayra Starr lead Africa with four 2024 MTV EMAs nods |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/tyla-and-ayra-starr-lead-africa-four-2024-mtv-emas-nods |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} |- |Best Push |{{nom}} |- ! scope="row" |MTN Liberia Music Awards |International Artist of the Year |{{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fofana |first=Amadu |date=2024-10-28 |title=MTN Liberia Music Awards 2024: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mtn-liberia-music-awards-2024-all-nominees |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |TurnTable Music Awards |Outstanding Achievement in Live Performance |{{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The TurnTable 2024 Music Awards |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/magazine/6th/134 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=TurnTable Charts |publisher=TurnTable}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |South African Music Awards |2025 |''The Year I Turned 21'' |Rest of Africa |{{pending}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaanakgomo |first=Constance |date=2025-08-28 |title=Black Motion dominates #SAMA31 nominations with four nods |url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/embargoed-7pm-black-motion-dominates-sama31-nominations-with-four-nods-20250828-1015 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref> |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} r7v8zhbmndvrq5oxpjym41kbo0yoxgj 0 20182 149432 143147 2026-11-07T21:27:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye | image = [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwinjiriro rw'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Nyarubuye]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Icyo rwibukiraho | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye''' ni urwibutso rwibuka Abatutsi bishwe ku bwinshi muri Mata 1994 i [[Nyarubuye]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi y'umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Ahantu === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye ruherereye i [[Nyarubuye]], mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi y'umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gorillaexpeditions.com/genocide-memorial-sites-in-rwanda.html |title=Genocide Memorial Sites in Rwanda |website=Gorilla Expeditions |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-0000/fgEoty3moPu4Ng |title=Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial - Government of Rwanda |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> === Imiterere y'aho === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Komini zo mu Rwanda mu 1994.]] Nyarubuye iri mu gice cy'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, hafi y'umupaka wa Tanzaniya. Aka gace kari mu duce twibasiwe n'ubwicanyi bukomeye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. === Imiterere rusange === {{Ikarita y'Inzibutso za Jenoside mu Rwanda}} Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|left|thumb|Urwinjiriro rw'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye, Kanama 2025.]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye rwashyizwe ahari [[Kiliziya Gatolika|kiliziya Gatolika]] ya Nyarubuye. Ku wa 15 Mata 1994, Abatutsi ibihumbi bari bahahungiye bizeye ko bahabona umutekano barishwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://infosgrandslacs.info/productions/rehabilitation-du-site-memorial-du-genocide-de-nyarubuye |title=Réhabilitation du site mémorial du génocide de Nyarubuye |author=pmartinot |website=IGL - Infos Grands Lacs |date=2015-10-29 |access-date=2025-07-27 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyarubuye bwari bumwe mu bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=7972&cHash=0aea406dc26d94e42c152297fc32b71e |title=By conserving genocide archaeological facts, we defeat genocide deniers and revisionists - Mukabalisa Donatille |website=Parliament of Rwanda |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715115833/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=7972&cHash=0aea406dc26d94e42c152297fc32b71e |archive-date=2022-07-15 |access-date=2025-07-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Urwibutso rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abantu barenga 51.000 bazize Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/nyarubuye.html |title=Through A Glass Darkly |website=Harvard University |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rwanda-s-genocide-memorial-sites/3AWxDwZwSfN6UQ |title=Rwanda's Genocide Memorial Sites |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> Abarokotse Jenoside bo muri Nyarubuye bavuga ko ubwicanyi bwahabereye bwakoranywe ubugome bukabije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/i-nyarubuye-jenoside-yakoranwe-ubugome-bwindengakamere/ |title=I Nyarubuye Jenoside yakoranwe ubugome bw’indengakamere |website=MUHAZI YACU |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-11 }}</ref> == Umwihariko == [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial07.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye, Kanama 2025.]] Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye ruzwiho kuba rwarabungabunze bimwe mu bice bya kiliziya yangijwe mu gihe cy'ubwicanyi. Muri uru rwibutso herekanwa imyambaro, amagufwa n'ibikoresho by'abazize Jenoside, kugira ngo bibere abarusura ibimenyetso by'ibyabereye aho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial |title=Nyarubuye Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kagerasafaris.com/rwanda-genocide-memorial-centres/ |title=Rwanda Genocide Memorial Centres |website=Kagera Safaris |date=2017-02-10 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> Abasura urwibutso banerekwa bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Nyarubuye. Harimo ibikoresho n'ahantu bifitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe abari bahungiye muri Paruwasi ya Nyarubuye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/amateka-y-urwibutso-rwa-nyarubuye-abera-ndengakamere-ku-barusura |title=Amateka y’urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye abera ndengakamere ku barusura |author=Servilien Mutuyimana |website=Kigali Today |date=2016-05-24 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-11 }}</ref> Urwibutso rusurwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo, amatsinda ndetse n'intumwa zo mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Runaberamo ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kunamira abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fic.gov.rw/updates/news-detail/fic-staff-members-paid-tribute-to-genocide-victims-at-nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-site |title=FIC staff members paid tribute to genocide victims at Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial site |author=Financial Intelligence Centre |website=Financial Intelligence Centre |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dark-tourism.com/index.php/526-nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-rwanda |title=Nyarubuye, Rwanda |website=Dark Tourism |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial_Video |title=Nyarubuye Memorial |author=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba na none == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside]] * [[Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Nyarubuye]] * [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] === Ibitabo byifashishijwe === * {{Cite book |language=fr |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2017 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf }} * {{Cite book |language=en |author=Philippe Denis |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |location=Woodbridge |publisher=James Currey |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |year=2022 |pages=358 |isbn=9781847012906 |url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781800103818/the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-and-the-rwandan-churches/ |access-date=2025-09-17 }} === Imiyoboro yo hanze === {{Commons category|Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial}} * [https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial Nyarubuye Memorial] ku rubuga rwa Genocide Archive of Rwanda {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyarubuye, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] 0cr1vzqgkjwsqls3v7e09que5bu3k3u 0 20201 149206 139414 2026-11-07T19:08:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 149206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Parike y'Igihugu ya Kitulo''' (mu [[Igiswahili]]: ''Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kitulo'') ni parike y'igihugu ya [[Tanzaniya]] irinda ibyatsi n'amashyamba byo mu misozi miremire, ku kibaya cya Kitulo mu majyepfo y'icyo gihugu. Iri ku butumburuke bwa metero 2 600 hagati y'imisozi ya Kipengere na Poroto, ikaba ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 413.<ref name="ip">{{Cite web |title=Kitulo National Park |url=https://www.internationalparks.org/tanzania/Kitulo |website=International Parks |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Iherereye mu Ntara ya Mbeya n'iya Njombe. Iyobowe n'Ikigo gishinzwe Parike z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya (TANAPA). Ni yo parike y'igihugu ya mbere muri [[Afurika]] yo mu turere dushyuha yashinzwe cyane cyane kugira ngo irinde ibimera byayo.<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |title=Kitulo National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/national_parks/kitulo-national-park |website=Tanzania National Parks |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ens">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2002 |title=Tanzania's New National Park Protects Edible Orchids |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2002/2002-03-21-01.html |language=en |publisher=Environment News Service}}</ref> == Ibimera == Parike irimo amoko arenga 350 y'ibimera, harimo amoko 45 ya orikide zimera ku butaka.<ref name="tanapa" /> Indabyo zayo zirabya cyane mu gihe cy'imvura, hagati y'Ugushyingo na Mata.<ref name="ip" /> Abaturage baho bita ikibaya cya Kitulo "Bustani ya Mungu" (Ubusitani bw'Imana),<ref name="ens" /> naho abandi bakacyita "Serengeti y'indabyo".<ref name="mg">{{Cite news |date=2003-03-06 |title=Tasty orchids are selling like hotcakes in Tanzania |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-03-06-tasty-orchids-are-selling-like-hotcakes-in-tanzania/ |work=Mail & Guardian |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> == Ishingwa ry'iyi parike == Umuryango Wita ku Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima (WCS) wagaragaje ko ubucuruzi butemewe bw'imizi ya orikide bwari bubangamiye ibimera by'ikibaya: buri mwaka, hagati ya miliyoni 2,2 na 4,1 z'imizi ya orikide zasaruwaga zikoherezwa muri [[Zambiya]].<ref name="mg" /> Mu 2002, Perezida [[Benjamin Mkapa]] yatangaje ko ikibaya kizagirwa parike y'igihugu.<ref name="mg" /> Parike yemejwe ku mugaragaro mu 2005, iba parike y'igihugu ya cumi na kane ya Tanzaniya.<ref name="gef">{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity |url=http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2013 |language=en |publisher=Global Environment Facility |page=21}}</ref> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Kitulo National Park 22.jpg|Indabyo z'umuhondo ku kibaya cya Kitulo Kitulo National Park 31.jpg|Imisozi itoshye n'indabyo Kitulo National Park 21.jpg|Isumo n'umukororombya muri parike Kitulo National Park 13.jpg|Izuba rirenga hejuru y'ikibaya </gallery> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki]] 7b8zx5uw6l43b7s48tr1b43w1iwbotx 149454 149206 2026-11-07T21:38:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 149454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Parike y'Igihugu ya Kitulo''' (mu [[Igiswahili]]: ''Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kitulo'') ni parike y'igihugu ya [[Tanzaniya]] irinda ibyatsi n'amashyamba byo mu misozi miremire, ku kibaya cya Kitulo mu majyepfo y'icyo gihugu. Iri ku butumburuke bwa metero 2 600 hagati y'imisozi ya Kipengere na Poroto, ikaba ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 413.<ref name="ip">{{Cite web |title=Kitulo National Park |url=https://www.internationalparks.org/tanzania/Kitulo |website=International Parks |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Iherereye mu Ntara ya Mbeya n'iya Njombe. Iyobowe n'Ikigo gishinzwe Parike z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya (TANAPA). Ni yo parike y'igihugu ya mbere muri [[Afurika]] yo mu turere dushyuha yashinzwe cyane cyane kugira ngo irinde ibimera byayo.<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |title=Kitulo National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/national_parks/kitulo-national-park |website=Tanzania National Parks |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ens">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2002 |title=Tanzania's New National Park Protects Edible Orchids |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2002/2002-03-21-01.html |language=en |publisher=Environment News Service}}</ref> == Ibimera == Parike irimo amoko arenga 350 y'ibimera, harimo amoko 45 ya orikide zimera ku butaka.<ref name="tanapa" /> Indabyo zayo zirabya cyane mu gihe cy'imvura, hagati y'Ugushyingo na Mata.<ref name="ip" /> Abaturage baho bita ikibaya cya Kitulo "Bustani ya Mungu" (Ubusitani bw'Imana),<ref name="ens" /> naho abandi bakacyita "Serengeti y'indabyo".<ref name="mg">{{Cite news |date=2003-03-06 |title=Tasty orchids are selling like hotcakes in Tanzania |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-03-06-tasty-orchids-are-selling-like-hotcakes-in-tanzania/ |work=Mail & Guardian |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> == Ishingwa ry'iyi parike == Umuryango Wita ku Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima (WCS) wagaragaje ko ubucuruzi butemewe bw'imizi ya orikide bwari bubangamiye ibimera by'ikibaya: buri mwaka, hagati ya miliyoni 2,2 na 4,1 z'imizi ya orikide zasaruwaga zikoherezwa muri [[Zambiya]].<ref name="mg" /> Mu 2002, Perezida [[Benjamin Mkapa]] yatangaje ko ikibaya kizagirwa parike y'igihugu.<ref name="mg" /> Parike yemejwe ku mugaragaro mu 2005, iba parike y'igihugu ya cumi na kane ya Tanzaniya.<ref name="gef">{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity |url=http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2013 |language=en |publisher=Global Environment Facility |page=21}}</ref> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Kitulo National Park 22.jpg|Indabyo z'umuhondo ku kibaya cya Kitulo Kitulo National Park 31.jpg|Imisozi itoshye n'indabyo Kitulo National Park 21.jpg|Isumo n'umukororombya muri parike Kitulo National Park 13.jpg|Izuba rirenga hejuru y'ikibaya </gallery> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya}} [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki]] m3tg54jzrfh63ntagwvrfr4hg36xxbp 0 20228 149208 138474 2026-11-07T19:09:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 149208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Serengeti''' ni pariki y'igihugu iri mu majyaruguru ya [[Tanzaniya]]. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 14 763. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]]. Pariki ya Serengeti yashinzwe mu 1951. Kuva mu 1981, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. Izwi cyane kubera urugendo rw'inyumbu n'imparage ruba buri mwaka. == Aho iherereye == Pariki ya Serengeti iri mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 14 763.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Serengeti-National-Park |title=Serengeti National Park |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Iri mu burasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]]. Ihana imbibi na [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area|Agace karinzwe ka Ngorongoro]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156 |title=Serengeti National Park |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ubutumburuke bwayo buri hagati ya metero 920 na metero 1 850.<ref name="livescience">{{Cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/23310-serengeti.html |title=The Serengeti: Plain Facts about National Park & Animals |author=Kim Ann Zimmermann |website=Live Science |date=2017-06-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 1930, ahantu hangana na kilometero kare 2 286 hagizwe ahantu harinzwe h'inyamaswa. Aho hantu hari mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba bwa Serengeti. Guhiga byahagaritswe mu 1937. Mu 1940, aka gace kahawe uburinzi bwa Leta. Pariki y'igihugu yashyizweho mu 1951.<ref name="serengeti">{{Cite web |url=https://www.serengeti.com/information-serengeti-national-park.php |title=Serengeti National Park travel information – Tanzania |website=serengeti.com |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu 1951, Pariki ya Serengeti yarimo n'agace ka Ngorongoro. Mu 1959, Ngorongoro yatandukanyijwe na pariki. Yabaye Agace karinzwe ka Ngorongoro.<ref name="ngorongoro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ngorongoro-Conservation-Area |title=Ngorongoro Conservation Area |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu 1981, Pariki ya Serengeti yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref name="britannica"/> Muri uwo mwaka, yabaye kandi agace k'ibinyabuzima karinzwe ka UNESCO. Pariki icungwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya (TANAPA).<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/national_parks/serengeti-national-park |title=Serengeti National Park |website=Tanzania National Parks |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Inyamaswa == [[File:Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|left|Inyumbu mu rugendo rwazo muri Pariki ya Serengeti]] Buri mwaka, inyamaswa nyinshi zikora urugendo runini. Urwo rugendo rurimo inyumbu zirenga miliyoni imwe. Rurimo kandi imparage n'impongo amagana y'ibihumbi. Inyamaswa zigenda ibilometero bigera ku 1 000.<ref name="unesco"/> Urwo rugendo rugera no muri [[Kenya]]. Inyumbu nyinshi zambuka [[Umugezi wa Mara]].<ref name="livescience"/> Pariki ya Serengeti ibamo kandi [[Intare|intare]] n'impyisi.<ref name="livescience"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Serengeti National Park|Amafoto ya Pariki ya Serengeti]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{DEFAULTSORT:Serengeti}} [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] gpek4z4abfugs1lu0ikw9g1spayu5yc 149455 149208 2026-11-07T21:38:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 149455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pariki y'Igihugu ya Serengeti''' ni pariki y'igihugu iri mu majyaruguru ya [[Tanzaniya]]. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 14 763. Iri mu burasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]]. Pariki ya Serengeti yashinzwe mu 1951. Kuva mu 1981, iri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. Izwi cyane kubera urugendo rw'inyumbu n'imparage ruba buri mwaka. == Aho iherereye == Pariki ya Serengeti iri mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 14 763.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Serengeti-National-Park |title=Serengeti National Park |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Iri mu burasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]]. Ihana imbibi na [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area|Agace karinzwe ka Ngorongoro]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/156 |title=Serengeti National Park |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ubutumburuke bwayo buri hagati ya metero 920 na metero 1 850.<ref name="livescience">{{Cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/23310-serengeti.html |title=The Serengeti: Plain Facts about National Park & Animals |author=Kim Ann Zimmermann |website=Live Science |date=2017-06-23 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 1930, ahantu hangana na kilometero kare 2 286 hagizwe ahantu harinzwe h'inyamaswa. Aho hantu hari mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba bwa Serengeti. Guhiga byahagaritswe mu 1937. Mu 1940, aka gace kahawe uburinzi bwa Leta. Pariki y'igihugu yashyizweho mu 1951.<ref name="serengeti">{{Cite web |url=https://www.serengeti.com/information-serengeti-national-park.php |title=Serengeti National Park travel information – Tanzania |website=serengeti.com |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu 1951, Pariki ya Serengeti yarimo n'agace ka Ngorongoro. Mu 1959, Ngorongoro yatandukanyijwe na pariki. Yabaye Agace karinzwe ka Ngorongoro.<ref name="ngorongoro">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ngorongoro-Conservation-Area |title=Ngorongoro Conservation Area |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu 1981, Pariki ya Serengeti yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref name="britannica"/> Muri uwo mwaka, yabaye kandi agace k'ibinyabuzima karinzwe ka UNESCO. Pariki icungwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya (TANAPA).<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/national_parks/serengeti-national-park |title=Serengeti National Park |website=Tanzania National Parks |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Inyamaswa == [[File:Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|left|Inyumbu mu rugendo rwazo muri Pariki ya Serengeti]] Buri mwaka, inyamaswa nyinshi zikora urugendo runini. Urwo rugendo rurimo inyumbu zirenga miliyoni imwe. Rurimo kandi imparage n'impongo amagana y'ibihumbi. Inyamaswa zigenda ibilometero bigera ku 1 000.<ref name="unesco"/> Urwo rugendo rugera no muri [[Kenya]]. Inyumbu nyinshi zambuka [[Umugezi wa Mara]].<ref name="livescience"/> Pariki ya Serengeti ibamo kandi [[Intare|intare]] n'impyisi.<ref name="livescience"/> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Serengeti National Park|Amafoto ya Pariki ya Serengeti]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Serengeti}} [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] 2g104l7zn3extr6v4j573z6rneymmou 0 20230 149215 146346 2026-11-07T19:11:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 149215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Parike ya Tarangire''' ni parike y'igihugu iri muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, mu Ntara ya Manyara. Yabaye parike y'igihugu mu 1970. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2 850. Izina ryayo rikomoka ku [[Umugezi wa Tarangire]] uyinyuramo. Parike ya Tarangire izwiho [[inzovu]] nyinshi n'ibiti binini bya baobab. Mu gihe cy'izuba, inyamaswa nyinshi ziza kuhashakira amazi. Parike ibamo amoko arenga 550 y'[[inyoni]]. == Amateka == Mu 1957, aka gace kagizwe icyanya kirinzwe cy'inyamaswa. Mu 1970, kagizwe parike y'igihugu.<ref name="wcmc">{{Cite web |url=https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/afrika/wcmc/tarangire.htm |title=Tarangire National Park |website=World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) |publisher=Universität Hamburg |date=2000-12-01 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Ubuso bwa mbere bwa parike bwari kilometero kare 2 600. Nyuma, ubuso bwongerewe bugera kuri kilometero kare 2 850.<ref name="arizona">{{Cite web |url=https://indigenous.arizona.edu/tarangire-national-park-tnp |title=Tarangire National Park-TNP |website=Indigenous Rights and Protected Areas |publisher=University of Arizona |date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Ishyirwaho rya parike ryatumye [[Abamasayi]] borozi bimurwa.<ref name="arizona" /> == Aho iherereye n'imiterere == [[File:Elefanten fressen Baobab-Rinde.jpg|thumb|left|Inzovu zirya igishishwa cy'igiti cya baobab muri Parike ya Tarangire]] Parike ya Tarangire iri mu Ntara ya Manyara.<ref name="chm">{{Cite web |url=https://tz.chm-cbd.net/sw/node/747 |title=Tarangire National Park |website=Tanzania Clearing-House Mechanism |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Iri ku birometero 114 uvuye mu [[Umujyi wa Arusha]]. Iri kandi ku birometero 20 mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Manyara]]. Ubutumburuke bwayo buri hagati ya metero 1 100 na 1 500.<ref name="wcmc" /> Umugezi wa Tarangire unyura muri parike uva mu majyaruguru ujya mu majyepfo. Mu gihe cy'izuba, kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza mu Ukwakira, umugezi usigaramo ibidendezi gusa. Mu gihe cy'imvura, kuva mu Ugushyingo kugeza muri Gicurasi, havuka ibishanga.<ref name="wcmc" /> Ibimera byiganjemo [[umunyinya|iminyinya]] (''Acacia tortilis''). Ibiti bya baobab (''Adansonia digitata'') ni byinshi muri parike.<ref name="wcmc" /> == Inyamaswa == Parike ya Tarangire ibamo inzovu nyinshi. Mu gihe cy'izuba, amatsinda y'inzovu agera kuri 300 acukura mu mugezi washize, ashaka amazi.<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/tarangire-national-park/ |title=Tarangire National Park |website=Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Mu gihe cy'imvura, inyamaswa nyinshi zisohoka muri parike. Muri zo harimo inyumbu, imparage n'inzovu. Zijya mu bibaya biri mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bwa parike. Mu gihe cy'izuba, zigaruka ku mugezi wa Tarangire.<ref name="wcmc" /><ref name="tanapa" /> Parike ibamo amoko arenga 550 y'inyoni.<ref name="tanapa" /> Mu 2015, umushakashatsi Derek Lee yabonye akanyamasyo k'umweru muri parike. Ibara ryako ryera riterwa na leucism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/super-rare-white-giraffe-spotted-tanzania |title=Incredibly Rare White Giraffe Spotted In Tanzania |author=Tom Hale |website=IFLScience |date=2016-01-26 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/tarangire-national-park/ Tarangire National Park] kuri TANAPA (mu Cyongereza) * [[commons:Category:Tarangire National Park|Amafoto ya Parike ya Tarangire]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] e8akkmii4tuojas1zyom3lf9havm007 149456 149215 2026-11-07T21:38:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 149456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Parike ya Tarangire''' ni parike y'igihugu iri muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, mu Ntara ya Manyara. Yabaye parike y'igihugu mu 1970. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2 850. Izina ryayo rikomoka ku [[Umugezi wa Tarangire]] uyinyuramo. Parike ya Tarangire izwiho [[inzovu]] nyinshi n'ibiti binini bya baobab. Mu gihe cy'izuba, inyamaswa nyinshi ziza kuhashakira amazi. Parike ibamo amoko arenga 550 y'[[inyoni]]. == Amateka == Mu 1957, aka gace kagizwe icyanya kirinzwe cy'inyamaswa. Mu 1970, kagizwe parike y'igihugu.<ref name="wcmc">{{Cite web |url=https://www-archiv.fdm.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/afrika/wcmc/tarangire.htm |title=Tarangire National Park |website=World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) |publisher=Universität Hamburg |date=2000-12-01 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Ubuso bwa mbere bwa parike bwari kilometero kare 2 600. Nyuma, ubuso bwongerewe bugera kuri kilometero kare 2 850.<ref name="arizona">{{Cite web |url=https://indigenous.arizona.edu/tarangire-national-park-tnp |title=Tarangire National Park-TNP |website=Indigenous Rights and Protected Areas |publisher=University of Arizona |date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Ishyirwaho rya parike ryatumye [[Abamasayi]] borozi bimurwa.<ref name="arizona" /> == Aho iherereye n'imiterere == [[File:Elefanten fressen Baobab-Rinde.jpg|thumb|left|Inzovu zirya igishishwa cy'igiti cya baobab muri Parike ya Tarangire]] Parike ya Tarangire iri mu Ntara ya Manyara.<ref name="chm">{{Cite web |url=https://tz.chm-cbd.net/sw/node/747 |title=Tarangire National Park |website=Tanzania Clearing-House Mechanism |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Iri ku birometero 114 uvuye mu [[Umujyi wa Arusha]]. Iri kandi ku birometero 20 mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'[[Ikiyaga cya Manyara]]. Ubutumburuke bwayo buri hagati ya metero 1 100 na 1 500.<ref name="wcmc" /> Umugezi wa Tarangire unyura muri parike uva mu majyaruguru ujya mu majyepfo. Mu gihe cy'izuba, kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza mu Ukwakira, umugezi usigaramo ibidendezi gusa. Mu gihe cy'imvura, kuva mu Ugushyingo kugeza muri Gicurasi, havuka ibishanga.<ref name="wcmc" /> Ibimera byiganjemo [[umunyinya|iminyinya]] (''Acacia tortilis''). Ibiti bya baobab (''Adansonia digitata'') ni byinshi muri parike.<ref name="wcmc" /> == Inyamaswa == Parike ya Tarangire ibamo inzovu nyinshi. Mu gihe cy'izuba, amatsinda y'inzovu agera kuri 300 acukura mu mugezi washize, ashaka amazi.<ref name="tanapa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/tarangire-national-park/ |title=Tarangire National Park |website=Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> Mu gihe cy'imvura, inyamaswa nyinshi zisohoka muri parike. Muri zo harimo inyumbu, imparage n'inzovu. Zijya mu bibaya biri mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bwa parike. Mu gihe cy'izuba, zigaruka ku mugezi wa Tarangire.<ref name="wcmc" /><ref name="tanapa" /> Parike ibamo amoko arenga 550 y'inyoni.<ref name="tanapa" /> Mu 2015, umushakashatsi Derek Lee yabonye akanyamasyo k'umweru muri parike. Ibara ryako ryera riterwa na leucism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/super-rare-white-giraffe-spotted-tanzania |title=Incredibly Rare White Giraffe Spotted In Tanzania |author=Tom Hale |website=IFLScience |date=2016-01-26 |access-date=2026-11-07 |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/tarangire-national-park/ Tarangire National Park] kuri TANAPA (mu Cyongereza) * [[commons:Category:Tarangire National Park|Amafoto ya Parike ya Tarangire]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya}} [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] cndhboil4ohx2r5gwmxfac85v1h2gqd 0 20234 149492 139719 2026-11-08T03:16:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149492 wikitext text/x-wiki ibyo wamenya ku impyisi imwe munyamaswa zitinyitse mu [[ishyamba]], ibarwa munyamaswa zinkazi n'intare nizipfa kuyigondera kuko insuro nyinshi usanga zirwanira umuhigo nubwo waba wishwe n'[[intare]], ubudahangarwa bw'impyisi buturuka kurwsaye rwayo rukomeye ku buryo bushobora guhekenya kandi rukajanjagura igufa ry'inzovu. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250501223352/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/ibyo-utari-uzi-ku-mpyisi-inyamaswa-irya-ibyasigajwe-nizindi-ifatiye-runini-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima/] === ibyo wamenya ku mpyisi === ubusanzwe mumuryango w'impyisi harimo ubwoko bune butandukanye, impyisi zirangwa no kugira ibidomo binini ku ruhu rwazo kuko uko zigenda zitandukana niko nimiterere n'imigaragarire y'amabara y'uruhu igaragara itandukaniraho, kugeza ubu ku rwego rw'isi habarirwa impyisi ziri hagati 27000-47000, umuvuduko wayo ku isaha ushobora kugera kuri kilometero 60,impyisi ishobora gupima kilogarama ziri hagati ya 40-64 igihagararo cy'impyisi gishobora kubarirwa hagati ya santimetero 70-91, uburebure bwayo burihagati ya santimetero 95-166. ==== imibereho y'impyisi ==== mubijyanye nimibanire yazo izi nyamaswa zibaho nkizindi nyamabere zitandukanye, mu jyihe cyaninjoro zireba neza cyane bigatuma zihiga ninjoro kumankwa zikaryama hafi yimyobo yazo, ziba mumiryango aho umuryango uba uyoborwa nimpyisi y'ingore, iyo zishatse kuganga zijya kure yimyobo yazo nabwo bukaba ubundi buryo bwokwerekana agace ziherereyemo, zijyira amajwi ajyera kure cyane izo bikazifasha mu buryo bwo guhanahana amakuru n'izindi zo mu bwoko zibarizwamo.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/iyo-bavuga-ko-impyisi-yarongoye-biba-byagenze-gute] ====== imyororokere y'impyisi ====== ubu bwoko bw'impyisi icyigabo gishobora kwimya ibigore byinshi kubwagura bishobora kuba igihe icyaricyo cyose mumezi agize umwaka, iyo ikigore kimaze kubangurirwa kibwegeka amezi ane kandi kongera kwima ku yindi nshuro bikorwa hagati y'amezi 11 na 21, ikigore kibwagurira mu isenga kandi kikabwagura ibibwana hagati ya 1-3 ariko inshuro nyinshi biba aribibwana bibiri, bigacutswa hagati yamezi 12 na 18, impyisi, impyisi yingabo iva mumuryango yavukiyemo ku myaka ibiri mu gihe impyisi y'ingore ihaguma. === intanganturo === 1.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250501223352/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/ibyo-utari-uzi-ku-mpyisi-inyamaswa-irya-ibyasigajwe-nizindi-ifatiye-runini-urusobe-rwibinyabuzima/ Ibyo utari uzi ku mpyisi, inyamaswa irya ibyasigajwe n’izindi, ifatiye runini urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima – MUHAZIYACU] 2.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/iyo-bavuga-ko-impyisi-yarongoye-biba-byagenze-gute Iyo bavuga ko impyisi yarongoye biba byagenze gute? - Kigali Today] rvfscj1swghs0mwh1yb76u8flzbsxyw 0 20253 149450 137381 2026-11-07T21:38:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 149450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike ya Kakum,''' iherereye mu nkengero z’akarere ko hageti <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 February 2016 |title=Central Region |url=https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320175619/https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=touringghana.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203020435/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |archive-date=3 February 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Official GANP Park Page) |url=https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926165847/https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |archive-date=26 September 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=national-parks.org |language=en}}</ref> Muri [[Gana]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=GTA's Experience Ghana, Share Ghana Campaign To Promote Domestic Tourism Visits Central & Western Regions - Ghana.Travel |url=https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618060044/https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> ifite ubuso bwa {{Convert|375|km2}} .Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1931 nk'ikigega, yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru nka parike y'igihugu gusa mu 1992 nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa mbere kuri [[Inyoni|avifauna]] . Agace karimo amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha . [ <ref name="Parks">{{Cite web |title=Parks and reserves of Ghana: Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107201234/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref> <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802093422/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Ni hamwe mu hantu 3 gusa muri [[Afurika]] hamwe n'inzira nyabagerwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum Canopy Walk |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711113259/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> ifite {{Convert|350|m}} <ref name="Unesco" /> <ref name="Life">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park - Assin Attandaso Resource Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101020828/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Bird Life}}</ref> == Amateka ya pariki ya kakum == Mu 1931, agace kavomwe n’amazi y’amazi y'umugenzi wa kakum yatangajwe ko ari amashyamba kandi acungwa n’ishami ry’amashyamba. Muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20250914020549/https://www.cometowestafrica.com/destinations/travel-news-and-events/kakum-national-park-ghana-2] gihe, ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byari byiganje, cyane cyane mu bwoko bw’ibiti bya mahogany <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahogany {{!}} wood |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629151308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>. Ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byakomeje kugeza mu 1989 igihe ubuyobozi bw’ikigega bwimurirwa mu ishami ry’ibinyabuzima. <ref name="NGO">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park |url=http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107214241/http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Microsfere}}</ref> Inyigo ishoboka na gahunda ibanza yimyaka 5 yo gucunga iterambere rya parike yigihugu ya Kakum nkahantu nyaburanga hashyizweho mu mwaka mu 1990 hashyizweho umushinga wakozwe na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere (Dudley 1990). Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwarimo isuzuma ry’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Kakum hamwe n’ishyamba rya Assin-Attandanso, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’abaturage ndetse n'inzovu (Dudley 1990; Dudley, Mensah-Ntiamoah, & Kpelle 1992; Dudley 1995). Gahunda yo Kwiga no Kubanziriza Imyaka 5 Yateguwe yateguwe muburyo bwo gufatanya no gutanga inama zirimo umujyanama w’ibinyabuzima, abashinzwe amashyamba, abashinzwe inyamanswa, abaturage baho, kaminuza zo muri Gana, abayobozi ba leta mu karere, n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye (Dudley 1992). == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana}} mvykhqk5uvrneylireb339rnpnocfol 0 20262 149451 146641 2026-11-07T21:38:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 149451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike ya Mole,''' imwe muri parike nini mu gihugu cya [[Gana|cya Gana]], ni ubuhungiro bw'ibinyabuzima bunini muri iki gihugu. Parike iherereye muri muri [[Gana]] kuri Savanna n'ibinyabuzima byo kunkombe ku butumburuke <ref name="Mole National Park, Northen Ghana">{{Cite web |title=Mole National Park, Northen Ghana |url=http://molenationalpark.org.gh/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Mole National Park |archive-date=2017-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509080828/http://molenationalpark.org.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> hamwe na escarpment. Parike ni 24km uvuye i Damongo, [[umurwa]] mukuru w'akarere, 146 km mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Tamale, umurwa mukuru w'akarere. Parike ni 700km uvuye i [[Accra]] na 430km [[Kumasi]] . Ubwinjiriro bwa parike bugera mu mujyi wa Larabanga . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana - Savanna Region |url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/savanna-region/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926000302/https://visitghana.com/attractions/savanna-region/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inzuzi za Levi na Mole <ref name="Mole National Park, Northen Ghana" /> zinyura muri parike, hasigara ibyobo byokunywa gusa mugihe cyizuba kirekire. ka [[Gana]] kakira abarenga 10&nbsp;mm ku mwaka y'imvura. Ubushakashatsi bumaze igihe kirekire bwakorewe kuri parike ya Mole kugirango bumve ingaruka abahiga abantu ku nyamaswa zibungabunga. Pariki ya Mole ni pariki y'ubukerarugendo bwateye imbere muri Gana mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo. ifite amacumbi ya mbere muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba yubatswe hagati mu ishyamba rya Mole. Zaina premier ecolodge yigihugu itanga serivise zo kwakira abashyitsi ku isi no gukoraho bidasanzwe. <ref name="Visit Ghana - Mole National Park">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana - Mole National Park |url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/mole-national-park-2/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917223646/https://visitghana.com/attractions/mole-national-park-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Ubutaka bwa parike bwashyizwe ku ruhande nkubuhungiro bw’inyamanswa mu 1958. Mu 1971, abaturage bake bo muri ako gace barimuwe maze amasambu agenerwa parike y’igihugu. Parike ntabwo yabonye iterambere rikomeye nkahantu nyaburanga kuva yagenwe mbere. Parike y'igihugu ya Mole nk'akarere karinzwe nta nkunga ihagije kandi impungenge z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga zirahari ku bijyanye no guhiga no kuramba muri parike, ariko kurinda amoko y’ibinyabuzima bya antelope byateye imbere kuva iyi pariki yatangira gushingwa. Kuva aho abantu bimukiye muri ako gace, parike yabaye ahantu h’ubushakashatsi bw’abahanga. Ibi byemereye ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire, byumwihariko, ahantu hasa nkaho hatabangamiwe ugereranije n’ibice bisa na Afurika y’iburengerazuba ituwe cyane. Ubushakashatsi bumwe ku baturage batuye [[inzovu]] 800, urugero, bwerekana ko kwangiza inzovu ku biti binini bitandukana nubwoko. Muri Mole, inzovu zifite imyumvire myinshi yo gukomeretsa bikabije amoko y’ubukungu nka Burkea africana Vuba aha, [[ubuki]] bukozwe mu ndabyo mu pariki y’igihugu ya Molé bwabaye ibicuruzwa bya mbere mu bucuruzi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are - Aseda Raw Honey |url=https://asedarawhoney.com/who-we-are/#the-story |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=Aseda Raw Honey |language=en-US}}</ref> Hafi aho, abaturage basarura ubuki bakoresheje uburyo gakondo, budatera, kandi bafatanya n’isosiyete ikorera muri Utah kugurisha ubuki nk’inyongera y’ubuzima bwiza muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCord |first=Keith |date=7 October 2012 |title=Utah company's honey business changes lives in Africa |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865563960/Utah-companys-honey-business-changes-lives-in-Africa.html?pg=all |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073821/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865563960/Utah-companys-honey-business-changes-lives-in-Africa.html?pg=all |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=DeseretNews.com}}</ref> Iyi gahunda yashinzwe n’umuyobozi wa Ashanti, Nana Kwasi Agyemang, wizera ko azongera gukongeza inyungu z’ubuki kandi amaherezo akazohereza mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2013 |title=Made In Ghana, Sold In U.S.A: Honey Co-Op Provides Jobs In Africa |url=http://afkinsider.com/25309/made-ghana-sold-u-s-honey-co-op-provides-jobs-africa/ |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=AFKInsider |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306182625/http://afkinsider.com/25309/made-ghana-sold-u-s-honey-co-op-provides-jobs-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == A'''mashakiro''' == == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana}} dqht2hj7vvkq4cj0365cuscns2pqrcx 149473 149451 2026-11-07T21:42:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 149473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike ya Mole,''' imwe muri parike nini mu gihugu cya [[Gana|cya Gana]], ni ubuhungiro bw'ibinyabuzima bunini muri iki gihugu. Parike iherereye muri muri [[Gana]] kuri Savanna n'ibinyabuzima byo kunkombe ku butumburuke <ref name="Mole National Park, Northen Ghana">{{Cite web |title=Mole National Park, Northen Ghana |url=http://molenationalpark.org.gh/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Mole National Park |archive-date=2017-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509080828/http://molenationalpark.org.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> hamwe na escarpment. Parike ni 24km uvuye i Damongo, [[umurwa]] mukuru w'akarere, 146 km mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bwa Tamale, umurwa mukuru w'akarere. Parike ni 700km uvuye i [[Accra]] na 430km [[Kumasi]] . Ubwinjiriro bwa parike bugera mu mujyi wa Larabanga . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana - Savanna Region |url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/savanna-region/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926000302/https://visitghana.com/attractions/savanna-region/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inzuzi za Levi na Mole <ref name="Mole National Park, Northen Ghana" /> zinyura muri parike, hasigara ibyobo byokunywa gusa mugihe cyizuba kirekire. ka [[Gana]] kakira abarenga 10&nbsp;mm ku mwaka y'imvura. Ubushakashatsi bumaze igihe kirekire bwakorewe kuri parike ya Mole kugirango bumve ingaruka abahiga abantu ku nyamaswa zibungabunga. Pariki ya Mole ni pariki y'ubukerarugendo bwateye imbere muri Gana mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo. ifite amacumbi ya mbere muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba yubatswe hagati mu ishyamba rya Mole. Zaina premier ecolodge yigihugu itanga serivise zo kwakira abashyitsi ku isi no gukoraho bidasanzwe. <ref name="Visit Ghana - Mole National Park">{{Cite web |title=Visit Ghana - Mole National Park |url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/mole-national-park-2/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Visit Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917223646/https://visitghana.com/attractions/mole-national-park-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Ubutaka bwa parike bwashyizwe ku ruhande nkubuhungiro bw’inyamanswa mu 1958. Mu 1971, abaturage bake bo muri ako gace barimuwe maze amasambu agenerwa parike y’igihugu. Parike ntabwo yabonye iterambere rikomeye nkahantu nyaburanga kuva yagenwe mbere. Parike y'igihugu ya Mole nk'akarere karinzwe nta nkunga ihagije kandi impungenge z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga zirahari ku bijyanye no guhiga no kuramba muri parike, ariko kurinda amoko y’ibinyabuzima bya antelope byateye imbere kuva iyi pariki yatangira gushingwa. Kuva aho abantu bimukiye muri ako gace, parike yabaye ahantu h’ubushakashatsi bw’abahanga. Ibi byemereye ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire, byumwihariko, ahantu hasa nkaho hatabangamiwe ugereranije n’ibice bisa na Afurika y’iburengerazuba ituwe cyane. Ubushakashatsi bumwe ku baturage batuye [[inzovu]] 800, urugero, bwerekana ko kwangiza inzovu ku biti binini bitandukana nubwoko. Muri Mole, inzovu zifite imyumvire myinshi yo gukomeretsa bikabije amoko y’ubukungu nka Burkea africana Vuba aha, [[ubuki]] bukozwe mu ndabyo mu pariki y’igihugu ya Molé bwabaye ibicuruzwa bya mbere mu bucuruzi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are - Aseda Raw Honey |url=https://asedarawhoney.com/who-we-are/#the-story |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=Aseda Raw Honey |language=en-US}}</ref> Hafi aho, abaturage basarura ubuki bakoresheje uburyo gakondo, budatera, kandi bafatanya n’isosiyete ikorera muri Utah kugurisha ubuki nk’inyongera y’ubuzima bwiza muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCord |first=Keith |date=7 October 2012 |title=Utah company's honey business changes lives in Africa |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865563960/Utah-companys-honey-business-changes-lives-in-Africa.html?pg=all |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305073821/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865563960/Utah-companys-honey-business-changes-lives-in-Africa.html?pg=all |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=DeseretNews.com}}</ref> Iyi gahunda yashinzwe n’umuyobozi wa Ashanti, Nana Kwasi Agyemang, wizera ko azongera gukongeza inyungu z’ubuki kandi amaherezo akazohereza mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2013 |title=Made In Ghana, Sold In U.S.A: Honey Co-Op Provides Jobs In Africa |url=http://afkinsider.com/25309/made-ghana-sold-u-s-honey-co-op-provides-jobs-africa/ |access-date=2016-02-29 |website=AFKInsider |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306182625/http://afkinsider.com/25309/made-ghana-sold-u-s-honey-co-op-provides-jobs-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana}} p70blfx70imogiypi7t2m72jreorbf2 0 20271 149192 135318 2026-11-07T18:56:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abidjan Marcory.png|thumb|Umujyi wa Abidjan]] '''Abidjan''' ni umujyi munini kandi w'ubukungu wahoze ari [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]]/Ivory Coast. Ibarura rusange ryakozwe mu 2021, ryagaragaje ko Abidjan yari utuwe n'abaturage miliyoni 6.3, bangana na 21.5% by'abatuye igihugu cyose <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120913021146/http://www.sphereinfo.com/longitude~latitude/ivory_coast</ref>. Abidjan ni umujyi wa gatandatu utuwe cyane muri [[Afurika]]: nyuma ya Logos, Cairo, [[Kinshasa]], Dar es Salaam na Johannesburg. Uyu mujyi ni ihuriro ry’imico itandukanye muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, urangwa n’ uruhuri rw’inganda no kwaguka k'umujyi. Abidjan ni umujyi utuwe cyane [[Igifaransa|n'abakoresha ururimi rw'igifaransa]] muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Uyu mujyi wagutse cyane nyuma yo kubaka icyambu gishya mu 1931, bikurikirwa no kuba umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni b’Abafaransa mu 1933. Kuzuza umuyoboro wa Vridi mu 1951, byatumye Abidjan iba icyambu gikomeye cyo ku nyanja. Abidjan yakomeje kuba umurwa mukuru wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast nyuma yo kwigenga mu 1960, ubwo yari yigobotoye Ubufaransa bwayikoronizaga. Mu 1983, umujyi wa Yamoussoukro wagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki wemewe wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. Icyakora, ku mugaragaro, Abidjan yagizwe umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu kubera ko ari wo mujyi munini mu gihugu ndetse ukaba n'izingiro ry’ibikorwa by’ubukungu. Inzego nyinshi za politiki na za Ambasade zose z’ibihugu by'amahanga zakomeje kuba muri Abidjan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043624/http://www.districtabidjan.org/gouverneur.php</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Abidjan 1926.jpg|thumb|Abidjan]] Abidjan yari isanzwe ari umudugudu ukorerwamo ibikorwa by'uburobyi. Mu 1896, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw'ibyorezo bya Yellow Fever, abakoloni b’Abafaransa bari batuye muri Grand-Bassam bahisemo kwimukira ahantu hizewe maze mu 1898 bahitamo kujya gutura mu mudugudu wari uherutse kwitwa Abidjan. Mu 1903 yahindutse umujyi ku mugaragaro.<ref>https://www.seonadancing.com/?lang=en</ref> ​​ Abidjan, iherereye ku nkombe ya ''lagoon n'doupé'', yagukiye ku bundi butaka bunini ndetse haba ahantu hatanga amahirwe menshi yo kwaguriraho ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. Icyambu cya Petit Bassam giherereye mu majyepfo y’umujyi cyahise kirenga ku cyambu cya Grand-Bassam, maze gihinduka inzira nyamukuru inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byajyaga mu bakoloni. Mu 1904, iherezo y'inzira ya gari ya moshi yari iherereye mu gace ka Port-Bouët ko muri Abidjan. Guhera muri uwo mwaka, nubwo umujyi wa Bingerville utari warangiye kubakwa neza, Abidjan yabaye ihuriro rigari ry'ubukungu bw'abakoronizaga Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast ndetse iba inzira ya mbere y'ingenzi mu bwikorezi yakoreshwaga mu gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bikoherezwa mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’[[Burayi|Uburayi]], cyane cyane binyuze mu muryango w'abanya Libani, urushaho kugira umumaro mu bucuruzi n'ubukungu. Mu 1934, Abidjan yabaye umujyi wa gatatu wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast, nyuma ya Grand-Bassam na Bingerville. Hafashwe icyemezo cyo kuyigira umurwa mukuru bitewe n'muhanda wa gari ya moshi wahuzaga Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/12/world/africa/ivory-coast-says-4000-prison-inmates-escaped.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Un weekend à Abidjan (24838236876).jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Abidjan nijoro]] == Nyuma y'ubwigenge == Igihe Cote d'Ivoire/Yvory coast yigenga mu 1960, Umujyi wa Abidjan wabaye izingiro ry'ubuyobozi ndetse n’ubukungu mu gihugu gishya. Igice giherereye mu majyepfo ya Treichville, cyerekeza ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga no ku nkombe z'inyanja, habaye indiri y'Abanyaburayi ndetse n'abafite ubushobozi buciriritse n'ubwisumbuyeho. Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge kwa Ivory Coast, Umujyi wa Abidjan wateye imbere byihuse ndetse bituma n'umubare w'abaturage bahatuye wiyongera cyane, <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2010 |title=Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (1903– ) {{!}} The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035609/http://www.blackpast.org/gah/abidjan-cote-divoire-1903 |archive-date=2 December 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=www.blackpast.org}}</ref> uva ku baturage 180.000 mu 1960 bagera kuri 1.269.000 mu 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of Abidjan |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605071256/http://worldportsource.com/ports/review/CIV_Port_of_Abidjan_1422.php |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=2016-12-01 |website=World Port Source}}</ref> Imirimo yo kubaka Katedarali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo, yakorewe igishushanyo mbonera n’umwubatsi w’umutaliyani witwaAldo Spirito, yatangiye mu 1980 nyuma y'uko Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ashyizeho ibuye ry'ifatizo maze mirimo irangira mu 1985. Kuva mu mwaka ya za 1980, ubukungu bwa Abidjan bwatangiye kugabanuka bitewe n’uburangare bw’abayobozi, ruswa ndetse no gusubira inyuma muri rusange. Mu 1983, ku buyobozi bwa Perezida Felix Houphouet-Boigny, umudugudu wa Yamoussoukro wabaye umurwa mukuru mushya wa politiki wa Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast, kuko ariho yari yavukiye. Icyakora, Abidjan yakomeje kuba izingiro ry'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi mu gihugu.<ref>https://www.weather2travel.com/ivory-coast/abidjan/climate/</ref> [[Dosiye:Abidjan en Eburnie 38.jpg|thumb|Inyubako zo mu mujyi wa Abidjan]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} t5xrj72q6afij62wqspltes93n8uwip 0 20274 149227 142967 2026-11-07T19:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cape Town''' ni [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]]. N'umujyi wa kera cyane w'igihugu kandi niho Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afrika yepfo. Umujyi wa Cape Town niwo mujyi mu bunini mu gihugu ukurikije abaturage, nyuma ya Johannesburg, n'umujyi munini mu burengerazuba bwa Cape. Umujyi ugizwe n'umujyi wa Cape Town metropolitan. Uyu mujyi uzwiho kandi icyambu, imiterere karemano mu karere ka Cape Floristic, ndetse n’ahantu nyaburanga nka Mountain na Cape Point. Cape Town yagizwe umujyi mwiza ku isi ku bagenzi, inshuro nyinshi, harimo nka The New York Times mu 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Fun Facts You Didn't Know About Cape Town – Interesting & Amusing Things about the Mother City |url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626140114/http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |website=Cape Town Magazine}}</ref> igihe cyashize mu 2025, <ref name="High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Hallett |date=15 January 2025 |title=High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World |url=https://www.timeout.com/cape-town/news/cape-town-named-time-out-best-city-world-011525 |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=Time Out}}</ref> na ''The Telegraph'' mu myaka 8 ishize(2017 kugeza 2025). <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again">{{Cite web |last=Kate Walker |date=5 May 2025 |title=Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/cape-town-crowned-worlds-top-city-for-travel-again/ |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=CapeTown ETC}}</ref> Iherereye ku nkombe za Table Bay, agace ka City Bowl ka Cape Town, karimo akarere k'ubucuruzi hagati (CBD), ni agace ka kera cyane ko mu mijyi yo mu burengerazuba bwa cape, ako gace kandi gafite umurage ndangamuco ukomeye. Agace ka metropolitani gafite inkombe ndende ku nyanja ya Atalantika, ikubiyemo igice cyo mu majyaruguru mu karere ka West Beach, ndetse n'akarere ka False Bay mu majyepfo. Parike y'imeza iri mu mipaka y'umujyi kandi hari n'ibindi byinshi bibungabunga ibidukikije hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe n’inyanja imbere ndetse no hafi y’umujyi, birinda ibidukikije bitandukanye byo ku isi n’inyanja. Muri byo harimo ubusitani bwa Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, bukubiyemo 5 muri biome 6 zo muri Afurika y'epfo, kandi bukerekana ibimera byinshi bikomoka mu karere ka Cape. Cape Town yinjiza amafaranga menshi yo muri Afurika y'epfo, <ref name="South Africans flock to Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Kirsten Minnaar |date=30 June 2025 |title=South Africans flock to Cape Town |url=https://dailyinvestor.com/property/92063/south-africans-flock-to-cape-town/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=Daily Investor}}</ref> umubare muto w’ubushomeri, <ref name="Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends">{{Cite web |last= |date=14 May 2025 |title=Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends |url=https://www.enca.com/business-videos/discussion-cape-town-deviates-national-labour-trends |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=eNCA}}</ref> urwego rwo hejuru rw’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa remezo, <ref name="2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A">{{Cite web |last= |date=28 May 2025 |title=2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town |archive-date=3 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903180307/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> zitanga serivisi zikomeye, <ref name="Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index">{{Cite web |last= |date=18 March 2024 |title=Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Cape%20Town%20ranked%20first%20in%20latest%20Good%20Governance%20Africa%20index |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref> ubukerarugendo bunini, <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again"/> n’isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa. <ref name="Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows">{{Cite web |last=Jason Woosey |date=24 June 2025 |title=Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows |url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-06-23-cape-towns-property-market-continues-to-outpace-the-rest-of-sa-as-the-wealth-divide-grows/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=IOL}}</ref> == Amateka == === Igihe cyambere === [[Dosiye:F._Benda-The_planting_of_cross_by_Bartholomew_Dias_in_1488-0681_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Umushakashatsi wo muri Porutugali Bartolomeu Dias atera umusaraba i Cape Point, 1488.]] Ibisigisigi bya mbere bizwi cyane mu bikorwa by'abantu muri kariya karere byabonetse mu buvumo bwa Peers muri Fish Hoek kandi byanditswe hagati yimyaka 15.000 na 12.000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Antiquity of man |url=http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301174424/http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |archive-date=1 March 2009 |access-date=15 June 2009 |publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}</ref> Bartolomeu Dias Umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri ako karere yahageze mu mwaka wa 1488 ayita "Cape of Storms" ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo das Tormentas}} ). Nyuma yaje kwitwa John II wo muri Porutugali yitwa " Cape of Hope Hope " ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo da Boa Esperança}} ) kubera icyizere gikomeye cyatewe no gufungura inzira y'inyanja yerekeza k'umugabane wu Buhinde no mu burasirazuba bwa Indies. Mu mwaka wi 1497, umushakashatsi w’igiporutugali Vasco da Gama yanditse amajwi yerekeranye n’umusozi w’amizero meza. Mu mwaka wi 1510, ku rugamba rw'uruzi rw'umunyu, admiral wo muri Porutugali Francisco de Almeida na mirongo itandatu na bane mu bagabo be barishwe kandi ishyaka rye ryatsinzwe <ref>{{Cite book|pages=168–173}}</ref> na "Goringhaiqua" mu myandikire y’[[Abadage]]) bakoresheje [[inka]] zatojwe bidasanzwe kugira ngo basubize ifirimbi n'induru. Gorinaiqua yari umwe mu miryango ya Khoikhoi yari ituye muri ako gace. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 Abafaransa, Danemarke, Abadage, n'Abongereza, ariko cyane I giporutugali, amato yahoraga akomeza guhagarara hejuru ya Bay Bay yerekeza mu Buhinde. Bagurishaga itabi, umuringa, n'icyuma hamwe n'imiryango ya Khoikhoi yo mu karere kugirango bagurane inyama nshya n'ibindi byangombwa by'ingendo. === Igihe cy'Ubuholandi === .​​ Gutura byakuze buhoro muri iki gihe, kuko byari bigoye kubona akazi gahagije.Uku kubura abakozi kwatumye kandi abayobozi baho batumiza mu mahanga abacakara muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] na [[Madagasikari]]. Benshi muri aba bantu ni abakurambere b'iki gihe cya Cape Colored na Cape Malay. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2009 |title=Cape-Slavery-Heritage " Coloured People of the Western Cape have the most Diverse Ancestry in the World :: iBlog |url=http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2009/05/01/coloured-people-of-the-western-cape-have-the-most-diverse-ancestry-in-the-world/ |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 1927 |title=Slavery and early colonisation, South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109130722/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa Van Riebeeck n'abamusimbuye, nk'abayobozi ba VOC ndetse na ba guverineri nyuma ya Cape, hashyizweho ibihingwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi. Bimwe muribi, birimo inzabibu, ibinyampeke, imbuto z'ubutaka, ibirayi, pomme na citrusi, byagize uruhare runini kandi birambye mu mibereho n'ubukungu bw'akarere. === Igihe cy'Ubwongereza === Repubulika y'ubuhorandi yahinduwe muri Repubulika ya Bataviya y’impinduramatwara y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza bwimukiye kwigarurira ubukoloni bw’Ubuholandi, harimo n’ubukoroni bwa VOC. U bwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town mu mwaka wa 1795, ariko busubizwa mu Buholandi n’amasezerano mu 1803. Ingabo z’Abongereza zongeye kwigarurira Cape mu 1806 nyuma y’Intambara ya Blaauwberg igihe Repubulika ya Bataviya yifatanyaga na mukeba w’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, mu gihe cy’intambara ya Napoleon. Intambara irangiye Cape Town yahawe u Bwongereza burundu mu masezerano y'Abongereza n'ubuholandi yo mu mwaka 1814. Umujyi wabaye umurwa mukuru wa Cape Colony nshya yari imaze gushingwa, akarere kayo kakaguka cyane kugeza mu myaka ya 1800, igice cyatewe n'intambara nyinshi na ama Xhosa k'umupaka w'iburasirazuba bwa koloni. Mu 1833, ubucakara bwakuweho muri koloni babohora imbata zirenga 5500 muri uwo mujyi, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye umujyi icyo gihe. <ref name="Martin 1836 113">{{Cite book|pages=113}}</ref> ikibazo cy'abakatiwe mu 1849, cyaranzwe n’imivurungano ikomeye y’abaturage, cyashimangiye icyifuzo cyo kwiyobora muri Cape. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|pages=429–442}}</ref> Mu kwaguka haje gusabwa ubwigenge bukomeye mu Bwongereza, Cape igera ku nteko ishinga amategeko yayo mu mwaka wi 1854 na Minisitiri w’intebe ubarizwa aho (1872). Amatora yashyizweho hakurikijwe amacakubiri adafite amoko Cape yujuje ibisabwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Charles |title=A painting of the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in Table Bay |url=http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230184319/http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |archive-date=30 December 2011 |access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> Mu mwaka wi 1850 nuwa 1860, ubundi bwoko bw’ibimera bwatangijwe muri Ositaraliya n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubwongereza. By'umwihariko rooikrans yatangijwe kugirango ituze umucanga wa Cape flats kugirango yemererwe umuhanda uhuza umupaka n’igice cy’umugabane wa Afurika, <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=60}}</ref> kandi eucalyptus yakoreshejwe mu kuvoma ibishanga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Contested Past and Present: Australian Trees in South Africa |url=https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727072156/https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=12 February 2020 |website=Social Science Research Council}}</ref> Mu 1859, umurongo wa gariyamoshi wa mbere wubatswe na gariyamoshi ya leta ya Cape kandi sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yagutse vuba mu 1870. Ivumburwa rya diyama muri Griqualand West mu 1867, na Witwatersrand Gold Rush mu 1886, byatumye umwuzure w’abinjira muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbenga |first=Bernard |title=New History of South Africa |url=http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422132145/http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |archive-date=22 April 2014 |access-date=18 January 2013 |publisher=Tafelberg, South Africa, 2007}}</ref> Mu 1895, hafunguwe sitasiyo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi rusange y’umujyi, Graaff Electric Lighting Works. Amakimbirane hagati ya Repubulika ya Boer imbere na guverinoma y'ubukoroni bw’Abongereza yatumye Intambara ya kabiri ya Boer yo mu mwaka wi 1899–1902. Intsinzi y'Ubwongereza muri iyi ntambara yatumye hashyirwaho Afurika y'Epfo yunze ubumwe. Kuva mu 1891 kugeza 1901, abatuye umujyi barikubye kabiri bava kuri 67.000 bagera kuri 171.000. <ref name="C1875">{{Cite book|pages=212}}</ref> Igihe cy' ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo cyarangiraga, ubukungu bwa politiki bya Cape Town mu karere ka Afurika y'epfo mu kinyejana cya 19 byatangiye guha umwanya Johannesburg na Pretoriya mu kinyejana cya 20. <ref name="AMad">{{Cite book|pages=82–94}}</ref> === Igihe cya Afrika yepfo === Mu 1910, Ubwongereza bwashizeho ubumwe bw'Afurika y'epfo bwahuzaga Cape Colony hamwe na Repubulika ya Boer yatsinzwe na koloni y’Abongereza ya Natal. Cape Town yabaye umurwa mukuru w’amategeko w’Ubumwe, nyuma ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Repubulika ya Afurika yepfo]]. Mu ibarura ryo mu 1936 Johannesburg yari Cape Town nk'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Mu 1945 kwagura ikibanza cya Cae Town cyarangiye, hiyongeraho 194ha (hegitari 480) kuri Cape Town CBD, no mu kwagura, akarere ka Bowl. <ref name="sahris_sahra_org_za">{{Cite web |last=Halkett |first=D.J. |date=October 2012 |title=Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Cape Town International Convention Centre 2 on Erwen 192, 245, 246 and the Remainder of Erf 192, "Salazar Square", Roggebaai, Cape Town Foreshore |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529140706/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2021 |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=sahra.org.za |page=18}}</ref> ==== Mugihe cya Aparthied ==== Mbere kandi y'ikinyejana cya 20 rwagati Cape Town yari umwe mumijyi ihuriweho n'amoko muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=63–78}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|pages=51}}</ref>​''​''​ == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0d8jwl8ege314l2x9m4ihja52nq1yuz 0 20298 149457 141980 2026-11-07T21:38:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 149457 wikitext text/x-wiki   Pariki y'igihugu ya Djebel Chambi muri guverineri ya Kasserine muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]]. iyi parike iherereye mu burengerazuba hagati mu gihugu, parike yegereye umupaka na [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. irinda ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bikikije umusozi wa Chambi (''Djebel Chambi''), umusozi muremure (1.544m hejuru y’inyanja) muri Tuniziya.<ref>https://archiqoo.com/categories/nature_reserves_sub_lists.php?subsite=chambi_national_park</ref><ref>https://film-fixers.com/filming-in-chambi-national-park-tunisia/</ref> Iyi parike iri mu mashyamba ya Mont de Tebessa azenguruka ako gace kuva Kasserine kugera ku mupaka wa Alijeriya. Parike ntizifite imigezi ihoraho, ariko ni imwe muza gaze ya Cuvier iri mu kaga ndetse n’inzu y’intama za Barbary zitishoboye. Iyi pariki kandi niho hari ubuzima bw’ibimera <ref name="UNESCO">[http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=TUN+02 Djebel Chambi Biosphere Reserve Information] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150403170747/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=TUN+02 Archived], UNESCO MAP Biosphere Reserves Directory</ref> (holm oak na Cotoneaster [[Egyptian vulture|nummularia]], pinusi ya Aleppo, na Stipa tenacissima)<ref>https://tripomatic.com/en/poi/mount-chambi-national-park-poi:8860</ref> Mu 1970, hashyizweho hegitare 300 (740 acre) izitiriwe uruzitiro rwo kurinda gazel ya Cuvier.Mu 1977, parike n’akarere kayikikije byagizwe ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima cya UNESCO. Parike {{Convert|6723|ha|acre|adj=on}} yashinzwe nka parike yo mu gihugu<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153230/http://www.tunitrip.com/en/item/le-parc-national-chaambi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya}} kg0maazuyo3jimyku6v9u2sdgcwir83 149495 149457 2026-11-08T03:36:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 149495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Chambi''' (cyangwa '''Djebel Chambi''') ni pariki y'igihugu iri mu ntara ya Kasserine, mu burengerazuba bwa [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]], hafi y'umupaka na [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Irinda ibimera n'inyamaswa bikikije umusozi wa Chambi (''Djebel Chambi''), ari wo musozi muremure kurusha iyindi muri Tuniziya, ufite metero 1 544 hejuru y'inyanja.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Djebel Chambi Biosphere Reserve, Tunisia |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/djebel-chambi |website=UNESCO |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> == Ibimera n'inyamaswa == Pariki iri mu misozi ya Tébessa (''Monts de Tébessa''). Ibimera byayo by'ingenzi ni ibiti by'imishishi (''Quercus ilex''), pinusi ya Alep (''Pinus halepensis''), ''Juniperus phoenicea'', romarin na ''Globularia alypum'', ndetse n'ibyatsi bya ''Stipa'' ku mpinga no mu bibaya.<ref name="unesco" /> Ni hamwe mu hantu ha nyuma hasigaye gazeli ya Cuvier (''Gazella cuvieri''), iri mu kaga ko kuzimira. Ihabamo kandi intama za Barbari (''Ammotragus lervia''), impyisi z'imirongo n'injangwe zo mu gasozi.<ref name="unesco" /> == Amateka == Mu 1970, hashyizweho agace karinzwe ka hegitari 300, kazitiriwe kugira ngo harindwe gazeli ya Cuvier.<ref name="mallon">{{Cite book |last1=Mallon |first1=David P. |last2=Kingswood |first2=Steven C. |year=2001 |title=Antelopes: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9782831705941 |pages=35–37 |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1977, UNESCO yagize umusozi wa Chambi n'akarere kawukikije ikigega cy'ibinyabuzima (''réserve de biosphère'') gifite hegitari 43 723, gituwe n'abantu bagera ku 8 000.<ref name="unesco" /> Mu 1980, igice cyacyo cy'ingenzi, gifite hegitari 6 723, cyagizwe pariki y'igihugu.<ref name="mallon" /> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Djebel Chambi.jpg|Umusozi wa Chambi Cloudy day over Mountain Chaambi.jpg|Umusozi wa Chambi ku munsi w'ibicu Storm over mountain Chaambi 2.jpg|Igicu cy'imvura hejuru y'umusozi wa Chambi Gazella cuvieri 254446886.jpg|Gazeli ya Cuvier </gallery> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya}} [[Ikiciro:Tunisiya]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki]] qy9ervd3ooen3fw49k1gtlrhydkzco2 0 20338 149266 144855 2026-11-07T19:49:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Ibuprofen | IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-2-(4-(2-Methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid <!-- Clinical data -->| image = (RS)-Ibuprofen Structural Formula V1.svg | width = 200px | image2 = Ibuprofen-3D-balls.png | width2 = 250px | alt2 = (R)-ibuprofen <!-- Names -->| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|b|juː|p|r|oʊ|f|ɛ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|aɪ|b|juː|ˈ|p|r|oʊ|f|ən}}, {{respell|EYE|bew|PROH|fən}} | tradename = Advil, Motrin, Nurofen, [[List of ibuprofen brand names|others]] | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|ibuprofen}} | MedlinePlus = a682159 <!-- Legal data -->| licence_EU = yes <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->| DailyMedID = Ibuprofen | pregnancy_AU = C | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{drugs.com|pregnancy|ibuprofen}}</ref> | pregnancy_category = D (US) at ≥30 weeks of gestation, due to the potential for premature closure of the ''[[ductus arteriosus]]''<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | legal_AU = OTC | legal_CA = OTC | legal_UK = GSL | legal_US = OTC | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;Rx-only | routes_of_administration = By mouth, rectal, topical, [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] | bioavailability = 80–100% (by mouth),<ref name="Davanzo2014">{{cite journal|last1=Davanzo|first1=R|last2=Bua|first2=J|last3=Paloni|first3=G|last4=Facchina|first4=G|title=Breastfeeding and migraine drugs|journal=European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2014|volume=70|issue=11|pages=1313–24|doi=10.1007/s00228-014-1748-0|pmid=25217187|type=Review}}</ref> 87% (rectal) | protein_bound = 98%<ref name = clinp>{{cite journal|last=Davies|first=NM|title=Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen: The first 30 years.|journal=Clinical Pharmacokinetics|date=February 1998|volume=34|issue=2|pages=101–54|doi=10.2165/00003088-199834020-00002|pmid=9515184}}</ref> | metabolism = Liver ([[CYP2C9]])<ref name = clinp/> | metabolites = ibuprofen glucuronide, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, 3-hydroxyibuprofen, carboxy-ibuprofen, 1-hydroxyibuprofen | onset = 30{{nbsp}}min<ref>{{cite web|title=ibuprofen|url=http://web.squ.edu.om/med-lib/med_cd/e_cds/Nursing%20Drug%20Guide/mg/ibuprofen.htm|access-date=31 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113042104/http://web.squ.edu.om/med-Lib/MED_CD/E_CDs/Nursing%20Drug%20Guide/mg/ibuprofen.htm|archive-date=13 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | elimination_half-life = 2–4 h<ref name="Grosser2017">{{cite journal|last1=Grosser|first1=T|last2=Ricciotti|first2=E|last3=FitzGerald|first3=GA|title=The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|date=August 2017|volume=38|issue=8|pages=733–48|doi=10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.008|pmid=28651847|pmc=5676556|type=Review}}</ref> | duration_of_action = | excretion = Urine (95%)<ref name = clinp/><ref name=TGA>{{cite web|title=Brufen Tablets And Syrup|publisher=Therapeutic Goods Administration|date=31 July 2012|access-date=8 May 2014|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2009-PI-00035-3|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820064609/https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2009-PI-00035-3|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| synonyms = isobutylphenylpropionic acid | C = 13 | H = 18 | O = 2 | SMILES = CC(C)Cc1ccc(cc1)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O | StdInChI = 1S/C13H18O2/c1-9(2)8-11-4-6-12(7-5-11)10(3)13(14)15/h4-7,9-10H,8H2,1-3H3,(H,14,15) | StdInChIKey = HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | density = 1.03 g/ml | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | melting_point = 75 | melting_high = 78 | boiling_point = 157 | boiling_notes = at 4 mmHg | solubility = 0.021 | verifiedrevid = 464191340 | Watchedfields = changed | license_US = Ibuprofen | class = [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) | chirality = [[Racemic mixture]] | uses = [[Pain]], [[fever]], [[inflammation]]<ref name=AHFS2016/> | side_effects = [[Heartburn]], [[rash]]<ref name=AHFS2016/> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = C | pregnancy_US_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | breastfeeding = Safe<ref name=Breast2021/> | defined_daily_dose = 1.2 g (by mouth) or<br> 1.2 g (parenteral) or<br> 1.2 g (rectal) for pain relief<ref name"who">{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AE01 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017235515/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AE01 |url-status=live }}</ref> and<br>30 mg (parenteral) for treatment of ischemic heart diseases<ref name="who1">{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C01EB16 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101012238/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C01EB16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Ibuprofen''' ni imiti yo mu cyiciro cya nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare, umuriro, n’ububabare.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ibuprofen.html|title=Ibuprofen|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2016-10-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052204/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ibuprofen.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Ibi birimo imihango ibabaza, migraine, na rubagimpande ya rubagimpande.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugufunga patent ductus arteriosus kumwana utagejeje igihe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ishobora gukoreshwa biciye mukanwa cyangwa mumitsi.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Mubisanzwe itangira gukora mugihe kingana n isha imwe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo gutwika no guhubuka.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ugereranije nizindi NSAIDs, irashobora kugira ingaruka nke nko kuva amaraso gastrointestinal.<ref name="BNF67">{{Cite book|title=British National Formulary, March 2014–September 2014|date=2014|publisher=British Medical Association|location=London|isbn=978-0857110862|pages=686–688|edition=2014}}</ref> Yongera ibyago byo kunanirwa k'umutima, kunanirwa kw'impyiko, no kunanirwa kw'umwijima.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Mugihe gito, ntabwo bigaragara ko byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima; icyakora, kuri dosiye ndende irashobora.<ref name="BNF67" /> Ibuprofen irashobora kandi kwangiza asima.<ref name="BNF67" /> Nubwo bidasobanutse niba ari umutekano mugihe cyo gutwita hakiri kare,<ref name="AHFS2016" /> bigaragara ko ari bibi mugihe cyo gutwita nyuma bityo ntibisabwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ibuprofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=22 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052509/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ibuprofen.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Koresha mugihe konsa ari umutekano.<ref name="Breast2021">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ibuprofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=29 March 2021|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417113554/https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ibuprofen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kimwe nizindi NSAIDs, ikora ibuza umusaruro wa prostaglandine kugabanya ibikorwa bya enzyme cyclooxygenase.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ibuprofen nintege nke zo kurwanya inflammatory kurusha izindi NSAIDs.<ref name="BNF67" /> Ibuprofen yavumbuwe mu 1961 na Stewart Adams muri Boots UK Limited hanyuma ibanza kugurishwa nka '''Brufen'''.<ref name="plat12">{{Cite journal|last=Halford|first=GM|last2=Lordkipanidzé|first2=M|last3=Watson|first3=SP|title=50th anniversary of the discovery of ibuprofen: an interview with Dr Stewart Adams.|journal=Platelets|date=2012|volume=23|issue=6|pages=415–22|doi=10.3109/09537104.2011.632032|pmid=22098129}}</ref> Iraboneka munsi yizina ryubucuruzi, harimo '''Nurofen''', '''Inama''' na '''Motrin'''.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/nurofen/4|title=Chemistry in your cupboard &#124; Nurofen|website=|access-date=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052836/http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/nurofen/4|archive-date=5 June 2014}}</ref> Yashyizwe ku isoko bwa mbere mu 1969 mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika mu 1974.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="plat12" /> Ari kurutonde rwumuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nkumuti rusange.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya {{US$}} 0.01 na {{US$}} 0.04 kuri dose.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=416&searchYear=2014|access-date=12 January 2016|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213102913/https://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=416&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, igura amadolari {{US$}} 0.05 kuri dose.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 28 yandikiwe cyane muri Amerika, hamwe na barenga 24{{nbsp}}miriyoni.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|publisher=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ibuprofen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412011504/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ibuprofen|url-status=live}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] q9ubqrdfxnjmnwoi5apc3uokoxaavhk 0 20342 149226 144882 2026-11-07T19:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Coronavirus disease 2019<br />(COVID-19) | synonym = COVID, Covid, (the) coronavirus | image = Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = {{longitem|Transmission and life-cycle of [[SARS-CoV-2]] causing COVID-19.}} | pronounce = {{ubl|{{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|ə|ˌ|v|aɪ|r|ə|s|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|i:|z}}|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|oʊ|v|ɪ|d|n|aɪ|n|ˈ|t|iː|n|,_|ˌ|k|ɒ|v|ɪ|d|-}}<ref>{{cite OED |Covid-19 |id=88575495 |date=April 2020 |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref>}} | field = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = Fever, cough, [[shortness of breath]], tiredness, loss of smell;<ref name=CDC2022Sym/> some are asymptomatic<ref name=Ma2021/> | complications = [[Thrombus|Blood clots]], [[heart disease]], kidney problems, [[multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children]], [[Post COVID-19 condition|chronic COVID syndrome]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Complications {{!}} BMJ Best Practice US |url=https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/3000168/complications |website=bestpractice.bmj.com |access-date=19 January 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119232945/https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/3000168/complications |url-status=live }}</ref> | onset = 2–14 days (typically 5) from infection<ref name=CDC2022Sym/><ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = [[Rapid antigen test]], [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|PCR test]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> | differential = | prevention = [[social distancing|Physical distancing]], [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic|face mask]]s, [[ventilation]], [[quarantine]], [[COVID-19 vaccine|vaccination]]<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/><ref name=CDC2022Quar/><ref name=CDC2022Prev/> | treatment = [[Management of COVID-19|Supportive and symptomatic]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/> | medication = '''Non-hospitalized''': [[Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir]], [[remdesivir]], [[molnupiravir]]<ref name=BMJ2025/><ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Severe''': [[Oxygen therapy]], [[dexamethasone]], [[remdesivir]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/><br>'''Critical care''': [[Tocilizumab]], [[sarilumab]]<ref name=NIH2022Tx/> | prognosis = 20% require hospitalization<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> | frequency = {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|confirmed|editlink=|ref=yes}} | deaths = ~20 million (as of Dec 31, 2021)<ref name=Lancet2022Death/> | cause = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)<ref name=WHO2021Q&AMay/> | video1 = [[File:En.Video-COVID-19.webm|frameless|upright=1.36|Video explanation]] | named after = }} '''Indwara ya Coronavirus 2019''' ( '''COVID-19''' ) n'indwara yandura iterwa na syndrome ikabije y'ubuhumekero coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19|website=www.who.int|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331131108/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze kubamo umuriro, inkorora, ingorane zo guhumeka, umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, kubura impumuro n'uburyohe, kubabara mu muhogo, kuruka, no gucibwamo.<ref name="CDC2022Sym">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=22 February 2021|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe bitangirira mu minsi ibiri na cumi nine nyuma yo kwandura virusi.<ref name="CDC2022Sym" /> kubantu bamwe; ariko, ntugire ibimenyetso.<ref name="Ma2021">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Q|last2=Liu|first2=J|last3=Liu|first3=Q|last4=Kang|first4=L|last5=Liu|first5=R|last6=Jing|first6=W|last7=Wu|first7=Y|last8=Liu|first8=M|title=Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.|journal=JAMA network open|date=1 December 2021|volume=4|issue=12|pages=e2137257|doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37257|pmid=34905008}}</ref> Ikwirakwizwa ribaho cyane cyane iyo umuntu wanduye ahuye cyane nundi muntu.<ref name="CDC2021Spread" /> Ibi birashobora kubaho haba kwanduza ikirere cyangwa ibitonyanga bito birimo virusi.<ref name="WHO2021Air">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|access-date=6 December 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015230546/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EU2020">{{Cite web|title=Transmission of COVID-19|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|access-date=6 December 2020|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914150241/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission|url-status=live}}</ref> Ntibisanzwe, virusi irashobora gukwirakwira hifashishijwe ibintu byanduye.<ref name="CDC2021Spread">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=14 July 2021|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403001235/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Abantu barashobora kwanduzanya virusi iminsi ibiri mbere yuko bagaragaza ibimenyetso, kandi muri rusange bakomeza kwandura iminsi igera ku 10, nubwo abafite uburwayi bukomeye wenda bandura igihe kirekire.<ref name="WHO2021Air" /><ref name="CDC2022Infectious">{{Cite web|title=Healthcare Workers|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606190101/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/strategy-discontinue-isolation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kwipimisha mubisanzwe biterwa na polymerase urunigi (PCR) cyangwa kwipimisha antigen byihuse bivuye mumazuru cyangwa umuhogo.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Ingamba zo kwirinda zirimo intera y'umubiri, gukoresha mask yo mu rwego rwohejuru, guhumeka ahantu h'imbere, na karantine.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /><ref name="CDC2022Quar">{{Cite web|title=Quarantine & Isolation|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=9 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117073102/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/quarantine-isolation.html#anchor_1633109391123|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=3 December 2021|volume=375|pages=n2997|doi=10.1136/bmj.n2997|pmid=34862160}}</ref> Inkingo nyinshi nazo zigabanya ibyago.<ref name="CDC2022Prev">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228103252/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html/|url-status=live}}</ref> Byinshi m'ubuvuzi n'ibimenyetso kandi birashyigikirwa.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Mubadakeneye ibitaro, ariko bafite ibyago byinshi, nirmatrelvir / ritonavir, remdesivir, cyangwa molnupiravir irashobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="BMJ2025">{{Cite journal|last=Ibrahim|first=S|last2=Siemieniuk|first2=RAC|last3=Oliveros|first3=MJ|last4=Islam|first4=N|last5=Díaz Martinez|first5=JP|last6=Izcovich|first6=A|last7=Qasim|first7=A|last8=Zhao|first8=Y|last9=Zaror|first9=C|last10=Yao|first10=L|last11=Wang|first11=Y|last12=Vandvik|first12=PO|last13=Roldan|first13=Y|last14=Rochwerg|first14=B|last15=Rada|first15=G|title=Drug treatments for mild or moderate covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.)|date=29 May 2025|volume=389|pages=e081165|doi=10.1136/bmj-2024-081165|pmid=40441732}}</ref><ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Kubakeneye kuvura ogisijeni, dexamethasone na remdesivir barashobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2022Tx" /> Kubakeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye tocilizumab cyangwa sarilumab barashobora kongerwamo.<ref name="NIH2022Tx">{{Cite web|title=Clinical Management Summary|url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105152002/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/clinical-management-summary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri abo bantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso, abagera kuri 80% bakira badakeneye ibitaro, 15% bakeneye ubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni, naho 5% bakeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Abantu bakuze nabafite ibindi bibazo byubuzima bafite ibyago byinshi.<ref name="WHO2021Q&AMay" /> Mugihe benshi bakira nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, bamwe bakomeza guhura n'ingaruka zitandukanye ( COVID ndende ) mumezi.<ref name="CDC2021SeptLongCov">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=19 January 2022|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|archive-date=14 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114190825/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kugeza ku {{Template:Date}}, byibuze {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|conround|editlink=|ref=no}} zimaze kwemezwa, bikaba byavuyemo abarenga {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|dround|editlink=|ref=no}} zapfuye. {{Cases in the COVID-19 pandemic|ref=yes}} Umubare nyawo w'impfu wari; ariko, ugereranije hafi <ref name="Lancet2022Death">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Haidong|last2=Paulson|first2=Katherine R|last3=Pease|first3=Spencer A|last4=Watson|first4=Stefanie|last5=Comfort|first5=Haley|last6=Zheng|first6=Peng|last7=Aravkin|first7=Aleksandr Y|last8=Bisignano|first8=Catherine|last9=Barber|first9=Ryan M|last10=Alam|first10=Tahiya|last11=Fuller|first11=John E|last12=May|first12=Erin A|last13=Jones|first13=Darwin Phan|last14=Frisch|first14=Meghan E|last15=Abbafati|first15=Cristiana|title=Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21|journal=The Lancet|date=April 2022|volume=399|issue=10334|pages=1513–1536|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3}}</ref> guhera ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2021. Urubanza rwa mbere ruzwi rwamenyekanye i Wuhan mu Bushinwa, mu Kuboza 2019 . Indwara imaze gukwira isi yose, itera icyorezo gikomeje . == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] am1eonthomjgkmwe7m1csweokjr5bxe 0 20343 149384 145031 2026-11-07T21:11:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Hearing loss | synonym = Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | image = Deafness and hard of hearing symbol.png | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background. | caption = The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss | pronounce = | field = [[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[audiology]] | symptoms = Decreased ability to hear | complications = [[Loneliness]], [[Social isolation]]<ref name=WHO2015/> | onset = | duration = | types = [[Conductive hearing loss|Conductive]], [[sensorineural hearing loss|sensorineural]], and mixed hearing loss, [[cortical deafness|central auditory dysfunction]]<ref name=Sm2014/> | causes = [[Genetics]], [[aging]], [[Noise-induced hearing loss|exposure to noise]], some [[infection]]s, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins<ref name=WHO2015/> | risks = | diagnosis = [[Hearing tests]] | differential = | prevention = [[Immunization]], proper care around [[pregnancy]], avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications<ref name=WHO2015/> | treatment = [[Hearing aid|Hearing aids]], [[sign language]], [[cochlear implants]], [[Subtitle (captioning)|subtitles]]<ref name=WHO2015/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = 1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | author = Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref> | deaths = | named after = }} '''Ubumuga bwo kumva''', bizwi kandi nko '''kutumva'''. Umuntu '''utumva''' ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=March 2015|title=Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054114/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/|archive-date=16 May 2015|access-date=23 May 2015|website=}}</ref> Kubura kumva bishobora kugaragara k'ugutwi kumwe cyangwa yombi.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Mu bana, ibibazo byo kutumva bishobora kugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kwiga ururimi ruvugwa kandi mubantu bakuru bishobora guteza ingorane mubikorwa by'imibereho no kukazi.<ref name="Las2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D|title=Hearing loss: diagnosis and management|journal=Primary Care|volume=41|issue=1|pages=19–31|date=March 2014|pmid=24439878|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003}}</ref> Kubura kumva bishobora kuba igihe gito cyangwa gihoraho. Kubura kumva bijyanye n'imyaka mu busanzwe bigira ingaruka kumatwi yombi kandi biterwa no gutakaza umusatsi wa cochlear.<ref name="Sch2017">{{Cite journal|last=Schilder|first=Anne Gm|last2=Chong|first2=Lee Yee|last3=Ftouh|first3=Saoussen|last4=Burton|first4=Martin J.|date=2017|title=Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|pages=CD012665|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6486194|pmid=29256573|via=}}</ref> Mu bantu bamwe, cyane cyane abantu bakuze, kutumva bishobora kuvamo irungu.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Indwara yo kutumva ishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, zirimo: genetika, gusaza, guhura n'urusaku, indwara zimwe na zimwe, ingorane zavutse, ihahamuka ry'ugutwi, n'imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa uburozi.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Indwara isanzwe itera kutumva ni indwara zidakira.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Indwara zimwe na zimwe mugihe utwite, nka cytomegalovirus, sifilis na rubella, nazo zishobora gutera umwana kutumva.<ref name="WHO2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fowler KB|title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=57 Suppl 4|issue=suppl_4|pages=S182-4|date=December 2013|pmid=24257423|pmc=3836573|doi=10.1093/cid/cit609}}</ref> Gutakaza kumva birasuzumwa mugihe ibizamini byo kumva bisanga umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva décibel 25 byibura ugutwi.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Kwipimisha kutumva neza birasabwa kubana bavutse bose.<ref name="Las2014" /> Kubura kumva bishobora gushyirwa mubice byoroheje (25 kugeza 40 dB ), biringaniye (41 kugeza 55&nbsp;dB), biringaniye bikabije (56 kugeza 70&nbsp;dB), bikomeye (71 kugeza 90&nbsp;dB), cyangwa byimbitse (birenze 90&nbsp;dB).<ref name="WHO2015" /> Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo kutumva: gutakaza kwumva, kubura kumva, no kutumva neza.<ref name="Sm2014">{{Cite book|vauthors=Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ|chapter=Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|veditors=Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A|title=GeneReviews [Internet]|location=Seattle (WA)|publisher=University of Washington, Seattle|date=2014|pmid=20301607|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-date=2019-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209145225/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyo kutumva kw'isi yose irashobora kwirindwa hifashishijwe ingamba z'ubuzima rusange.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Ibikorwa nk'ibi birimo gukingira, kwita ku gutwita neza, kwirinda urusaku rwinshi, no kwirinda imiti imwe n'imwe.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima rirasaba ko urubyiruko rugabanya amajwi menshi ndetse no gukoresha amajwi bwite ku isaaha imwe ku munsi mu rwego rwo kugabanya urusaku.<ref name="WHO2015Aud">{{Cite web|title=1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise|url=http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|website=who.int|access-date=2 March 2015|date=27 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501204444/http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/IECD_2015_Press_Release_EN.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> Kumenyekanisha hakiri kare no gushyigikirwa ni ngombwa cyane mubana.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Kubikoresho byinshi [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|byumva]], ururimi rwamarenga, cochlear yatewe hamwe na subtitles ni ingirakamaro.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Gusoma iminwa n'ubundi buhanga bwingirakamaro bamwe batezimbere.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Kubona ibikoresho byumva, ariko, bigarukira mubice byinshi byisi.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Kugeza mu 2013 kutumva bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyari 1,1 ku rugero runaka.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}</ref> Itera ubumuga ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 466 (5% by'abatuye isi), n'ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije ku bantu miliyoni 124.<ref name="WHO2015" /><ref name="WHO2008" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE|title=The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=92|issue=5|pages=367–73|date=May 2014|pmid=24839326|pmc=4007124|doi=10.2471/blt.13.128728}}</ref> Mu bafite ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije miliyoni 108 baba mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make kandi yo hagati.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|last=WHO|title=The global burden of disease: 2004 update|year=2008|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241563710|pages=35|url=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624134606/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-24}}</ref> Mu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva, byatangiye mu bwana miliyoni 65.<ref name="Peads2011">{{Cite book|first=Abdelaziz Y|last=Elzouki|title=Textbook of clinical pediatrics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=9783642022012|pages=602|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&pg=PA602|edition=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214195730/https://books.google.com/books?id=FEf4EMjYSrgC&pg=PA602|archive-date=2015-12-14}}</ref> Abakoresha ururimi rw'amarenga kandi bagize umuco w'abatumva babona ko bafite itandukaniro aho kuba uburwayi.<ref name="NAD2014" /> Benshi mu bagize ubumuga w’amatwi barwanya kugerageza gukiza ubumuga bwo kutumva <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|website=www.pbs.org|access-date=2015-08-01|publisher=[[PBS]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706062633/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/soundandfury/cochlear/essay.html|archive-date=2015-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|access-date=2015-08-01|website=www.theatlantic.com|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730224214/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/understanding-deafness-not-everyone-wants-to-be-fixed/278527/|archive-date=2015-07-30|date=2013-08-09}}</ref> kandi bamwe muri bo muri uyu muryango babona ko hashyizweho cochlear bafite impungenge kuko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho umuco wabo.<ref name="Spa2005">{{Cite journal|last=Sparrow|first=Robert|title=Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants|journal=The Journal of Political Philosophy|date=2005|volume=13|issue=2|pages=135–152|url=http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|access-date=30 November 2014|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x|archive-date=4 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204170705/http://profiles.arts.monash.edu.au/rob-sparrow/download/Deaf-Culture.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "kutumva" akenshi rifatwa nabi kuko ryibanda kubyo abantu badashobora gukora.<ref name="NAD2014">{{Cite web|title=Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|website=nad.org|publisher=National Association of the Deaf|access-date=31 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227171131/http://nad.org/issues/american-sign-language/community-and-culture-faq|archive-date=27 December 2015}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 50uw0zknoubv9ob0gia1m5nvjloqf2j 0 20347 149413 149035 2026-11-07T21:22:21Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Tetanus_vaccine | type = vaccine | IUPAC_name = <!-- Clinical data --> | image = REVAXIS.jpg | caption = Tetanus vaccination is often administered via combination with [[diphtheria vaccine]] and others <!-- Vaccine data -->| vaccine_type = toxoid <!-- Names -->| target = [[Tetanus]] | pronounce = | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|monograph|diphtheria-and-tetanus-toxoids}} | MedlinePlus = a682198 <!-- Legal data -->| DailyMedID = Tetanus | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F--> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled--> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV--> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!--For countries not listed above--> | routes_of_administration = | onset = | duration_of_action = | synonyms = | verifiedrevid = 415806441 | Verifiedfields = changed | class = | uses = <!-- primary uses --> | side_effects = <!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X / N --> | pregnancy_US_comment = | breastfeeding = | defined_daily_dose = | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Urukingo rwa Tetanusi''', ruzwi kandi ku izina rya '''tetanus toxoid''' ( '''TT''' ), ni urukingo rukora rukoreshwa mu gukumira tetanusi.<ref name="WHO2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2017|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|date=February 2017|volume=92|issue=6|pages=53–76|hdl=10665/254583|pmid=28185446|author-link=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free}} [[Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter]] [[Category:CS1 errors: external links]] [[Category:CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup]]</ref> Ikoreshwa ifatanije ninkingo ya diphtheria.<ref name="Domachowske2021">{{Cite book|last=Domachowske|first=Joseph|editor-last=Domachowske|editor-first=Joseph|editor-last2=Suryadevara|editor-first2=Manika|title=Vaccines: A Clinical Overview and Practical Guide|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-58416-0|pages=343-352|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KIGEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA343&dq=Tetanus&hl=en|language=en|chapter=29. Tetanus|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=2022-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111050613/https://books.google.com/books?id=8KIGEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA343&dq=Tetanus&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Mugihe cyubwana, inshuro eshanu zirasabwa, hamwe na gatandatu yatanzwe mugihe cyubwangavu.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Nyuma yinshuro eshatu, hafi ya bose babanje gukingirwa.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Ibihugu bimwe bitanga dose esheshatu gusa; mugihe abandi, nka USA, basaba kuzamura buri myaka icumi.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Isasu rya booster rishobora gutangwa mugihe cyamasaha 48 yakomeretse kubantu bafite inkingo zitajyanye n'igihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Puncture wounds: First aid|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665|website=Mayo Clinic|access-date=6 December 2015|date=Feb 4, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208143120/http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-puncture-wounds/basics/art-20056665|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> Ku bantu bafite ibikomere byinshi badakingiwe byuzuye, antitoxine ya tetanusi nayo irashobora gusabwa.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Kwemeza ko [[Umugore|abagore]] batwite bagezweho ku bijyanye no gukingira tetanusi muri buri gihe cyo gutwita birashobora gukumira tetanusi y’ababyeyi na babyaye.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Urukingo rufite umutekano cyane, harimo igihe utwite ndetse n'abafite virusi itera [[SIDA]].<ref name="WHO2017" /> Umutuku n'ububabare aho batewe inshinge bibaho hagati ya 25% na 85% byabantu.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Umuriro, kumva unaniwe, nububabare bwimitsi bworoheje bibaho mubantu batageze ku 10%.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Imyitwarire ikabije ya allergique ibaho munsi y'umuntu 100.000.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Inkingo nyinshi zahujwe zirimo urukingo rwa tetanusi, nka DTaP na Tdap, rukubiyemo urukingo rwa diphtheria, tetanusi, na pertussis, na DT na Td, rukubiyemo urukingo rwa diphtheria na tetanusi.<ref name="CDC2015" /> DTaP na DT bihabwa abana bari munsi yimyaka irindwi, mugihe Tdap na Td bihabwa abo bafite imyaka irindwi nayirenga.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Inyuguti nto d na p bisobanura imbaraga nke zinkingo za diphtheria na pertussis. Tetanus antiserum yakozwe mu 1890, ingaruka zayo zo kuyirinda zimara ibyumweru bike.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gradmann|first=C.|last2=Simon|first2=J.|title=Evaluating and Standardizing Therapeutic Agents, 1890-1950|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230285590|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uuWFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829174910/https://books.google.com/books?id=uuWFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Bernard R.|title=Pharmacology for Student and Pupil Nurses and Students in Associated Professions|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483141312|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFl-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829174924/https://books.google.com/books?id=fFl-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|url-status=live}}</ref> Urukingo rwa tetanus toxoid rwakozwe mu 1924, rutangira gukoreshwa ku basirikare mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.<ref name="WHO2017" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Macera|first=Caroline|title=Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease|date=2012|publisher=Nelson Education|isbn=9781285687148|page=251|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8FuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305040732/https://books.google.com/books?id=U8FuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> Imikoreshereze yacyo yatumye igabanuka rya 95% igabanuka rya tetanusi.<ref name="WHO2017" /> Ari kurutonde rwumuryango w'ubuzima ku isi urutonde rw'imiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.17 na 0,65 USD kuri dose {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vaccine, Tetanus Toxoid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=800&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=6 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072947/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=800&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Amerika, amasomo y'urukingo rwa tetanusi ari hagati ya 25 na 50 USD.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=317}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CDC Vaccine Price List|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|date=1 January 2020|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/awardees/vaccine-management/price-list/index.html|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128235436/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/awardees/vaccine-management/price-list/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] dgb6a3qk7rqutwozsn19ghb4l513c0g 0 20358 149251 145621 2026-11-07T19:39:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Furosemide | IUPAC_name = 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid <!-- Clinical data -->| image = Furosemide.svg | image2 = Furosemide-1Z9Y-3D-balls.png <!-- Names -->| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|f|j|ʊ|ˈ|ɹ|oʊ|s|ə|ˌ|m|aɪ|d}} | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|furosemide}} | MedlinePlus = <!-- Legal data --> | DailyMedID = Furosemide <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->| pregnancy_AU = C | legal_status = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = By mouth, [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[Intramuscular injection|IM]] | bioavailability = 43–69% | protein_bound = | metabolism = Liver and kidney [[glucuronidation]] | onset = 30 to 60 min (PO), 5 min (IV)<ref name=AHFS2015/> | elimination_half-life = up to 100 minutes | duration_of_action = | excretion = renal 66%, biliary 33% <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| synonyms = Frusemide | C = 12 | Cl = 1 | H = 11 | N = 2 | O = 5 | S = 1 | SMILES = o1cccc1CNc(cc2Cl)c(C(=O)O)cc2S(=O)(=O)N | StdInChI = 1S/C12H11ClN2O5S/c13-9-5-10(15-6-7-2-1-3-20-7)8(12(16)17)4-11(9)21(14,18)19/h1-5,15H,6H2,(H,16,17)(H2,14,18,19) | StdInChIKey = ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | verifiedrevid = 461114978 | Watchedfields = changed | class = | uses = [[Edema]]<ref name=AHFS2015/> | side_effects = <!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = C | breastfeeding = | defined_daily_dose = 40 mg<ref name=WHO2020DDD>{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03CA01 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819112443/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03CA01 |url-status=live }}</ref> | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Furosemide''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Lasix''' mu zindi, ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura amazi bitewe no kunanirwa ku umutima, inkovu z'umutima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/furosemide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=October 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119161939/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/furosemide.html|archive-date=2015-11-19}}</ref> Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mukuvura umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Irashobora gufatwa no guterwa ku imitsi cyangwa mumunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Iyo ifashwe kumunwa, mubisanzwe itangira gukora mugihe cyisaha imwe, mugihe imitsi, itangira gukora muminota itanu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo kumva urumuri ruhagaze, kuvuza amatwi, no kumva urumuri.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo electrolyte idasanzwe, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, no [[Ubumuga bwo kutumva|kutumva neza]].<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kwipimisha amaraso birasabwa buri gihe kubavura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Furosemide ni ubwoko bwa loop diuretic ikora mukugabanya reabsorption ya sodium nimpyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Furosemide yahawe patenti mu 1959 kandi yemererwa gukoreshwa mu 1964.<ref name="Fischer2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=458|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA458|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201603/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA458|url-status=live}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw'umuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya $ 0.004 na US $ 0.02 kumunsi.<ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=363&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=24 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510104950/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=363&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Amerika, iraboneka nk'imiti rusange kandi igura amadorari y'Amerika 0.15 kumunsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 17 ikunze kwandikirwa muri Amerika, hamwe na miliyoni zirenga 30 zandikiwe.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=1 December 1981|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Furosemide|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411215007/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Furosemide|url-status=live}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw’ibiro bishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ku isi kubera impungenge z’uko ishobora guhisha ibiyobyabwenge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE 2014 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD|url=https://wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/files/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|access-date=24 October 2015|page=5|date=2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115033743/https://wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/files/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> Yarakoreshejwe kandi mu mafarashi yo gusiganwa mu kuvura no gukumira amaraso ava mu bihaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sullivan|first=S|last2=Hinchcliff|first2=K|title=Update on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.|journal=The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice|date=April 2015|volume=31|issue=1|pages=187–98|pmid=25770069|doi=10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hinchcliff|first=KW|last2=Couetil|first2=LL|last3=Knight|first3=PK|last4=Morley|first4=PS|last5=Robinson|first5=NE|last6=Sweeney|first6=CR|last7=van Erck|first7=E|title=Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement.|journal=Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine|date=2015|volume=29|issue=3|pages=743–58|pmid=25996660|doi=10.1111/jvim.12593|pmc=4895427}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ivmpcke200yddlzx283cc2cxn85g4p0 0 20419 149470 147042 2026-11-07T21:42:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 149470 wikitext text/x-wiki Inkindi Nadine Aisha <ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ntabwo-nari-nzi-ubusobanuro-bw-amagweja-aisha-inkindi-avuga-uko-yisanze-yatutse Ntabwo nari nzi ubusobanuro bw’amagweja - Aisha Inkindi avuga uko yisanze yatutse abagabo - IGIHE.com]</ref> wamenyekanye mu kinamico nyarwanda z'urwenya ,nkomuri nyaxo comedy ndetse nizinyuzwa kuri big man empire.akaba ari umwe mu bakobwa bakunzwe kumbuga nkoranyambaga zigiye zitandukanye nka yutube(YouTube), tikitoki(TikTok), insitagaramu(Instagram) nizindi zinyuranye. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} t5zu9rpoe0bol9xjayucmz2k3v1516k 0 20449 149299 136051 2026-11-07T20:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149299 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Nollywood (NTFF)''' ni iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryahariwe kwerekana sinema yo muri Nijeriya, izwi kandi nka Nollywood, ku bantu bose ku isi. Yashinzwe mu 2017 i Toronto, muri Kanada, herekanwa ibirori byakozwe n’abakora amafilime yo muri Nijeriya ikorera muri Nijeriya ndetse no mu mahanga. Yashinzwe n'umukinnyi wa firime akaba n'umuyobozi wa Paruwasi Mykel, ukomeje kugenzura imikorere yayo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Olagunju |first=David |date=2017-01-14 |title=Nollywood Travel Festival makes debut with Toronto Showcase |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/nollywood-travel-festival-makes-debut-toronto-showcase/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> NTFF ni itsinda ryahariwe kwakira, ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo, amahugurwa, ibirori byo guhuza imiyoboro, hamwe n’imihango yo gutanga ibihembo ku bibuga mpuzamahanga bitandukanye, igamije guteza imbere umuco n’ubuhanzi bya Nollywood. Abahawe iki gihembo barimo abakinnyi, nka Omotola Jalade (2017), Richard Mofe-Damijo (2018), Ubutunzi bwa Uche (2024). == Amateka == Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Nollywood ryashinzwe mu 2017 na Paruwasi ya Mykel, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2023-02-25 |title=Again, Nollywood Travel Film Festival goes to Greece |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/again-nollywood-travel-film-festival-goes-to-greece/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2022-10-08 |title=After Ireland, Mykel Parish Takes Nollywood Travel Festival To Amsterdam, Berlin |url=https://guardian.ng/life/after-ireland-mykel-parish-takes-nollywood-travel-festival-to-amsterdam-berlin/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> ryashinzwe mu rwego rwo kwagura isi yose ya sinema yo muri Nijeriya mu kwerekana amafilime mu mijyi mpuzamahanga itandukanye no gushishikariza ubufatanye hagati ya Nigeriya n’abakora amafilime mpuzamahanga. Igitabo cyo gutangiza ku mugaragaro cyabaye muri Nzeri 2017 i Toronto, muri Kanada, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Olagunju |first=David |date=2017-01-14 |title=Nollywood Travel Festival makes debut with Toronto Showcase |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/nollywood-travel-festival-makes-debut-toronto-showcase/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOlagunju2017">Olagunju, David (2017-01-14). [https://tribuneonlineng.com/nollywood-travel-festival-makes-debut-toronto-showcase/ "Nollywood Travel Festival makes debut with Toronto Showcase"]. ''Tribune Online''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-24</span></span>.</cite></ref> mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko iri serukiramuco ryatangijwe nk'urubuga rwo kwerekana inkuru zitandukanye za Nollywood ndetse no kwerekana sinema. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Julia |date=2018-05-04 |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival {{!}} Chapeau - Das Magazin für kultivierte Lebensart |url=https://chapmag.de/nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Chapeau |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Content-man |date=2018-08-15 |title=New York, Toronto, to host 2018 Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/new-york-toronto-host-2018-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=NewsDiaryOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> Kuva yatangira, ibirori byabereye mu mijyi nka Atlanta, Hamburg, [[Berlin]], Glasgow, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |date=October 3, 2018 |title=The future is female: the Nollywood Travel Film Festival to spotlight female directors at Glasgow |url=https://ynaija.com/the-future-is-female-the-nollywood-travel-film-festival-to-spotlight-female-directors-at-glasgow/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=[[YNaija]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2018-09-25 |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival to spotlight female directors at Glasgow edition |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/nollywood-travel-film-festival-to-spotlight-female-directors-at-glasgow-edition/# |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Helsinki]], [[Paris]], Oslo, Amsterdam, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Z. A. M. |date=2023-09-21 |title=05.10 – 7.10.23, Amsterdam {{!}} The Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://www.zammagazine.com/arts/1688-05-10-7-10-23-amsterdam-the-nollywood-travel-film-festival |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=ZAM |language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Lima]], [[Ubutaliyani]], na Atenayi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=David |date=2024-04-15 |title=Nollywood travel film festival to storm Italy |url=https://thesun.ng/nollywood-travel-film-festival-to-storm-italy/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Byrne |first=Pat |date=2018-11-01 |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival, Glasgow - Glasgow West End |url=https://www.glasgowwestend.co.uk/nollywood-travel-film-festival-glasgow/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207214508/https://www.glasgowwestend.co.uk/nollywood-travel-film-festival-glasgow/ |archive-date=2025-02-07 |access-date=2025-04-23 |work=Glasgow West End |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival, Athens 2022 – ANASA Cultural Center |url=http://www.anasa.org.gr/discussions/nollywood-travel-film-festival-athens-2022/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204100831/http://www.anasa.org.gr/discussions/nollywood-travel-film-festival-athens-2022/ |archive-date=2024-12-04 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=www.anasa.org.gr |language=el}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2018, umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Nijeriya akaba n'umunyamideli Chris Okagbue yabaye Ambasaderi w'Iserukiramuco ku mugaragaro, agaragaza ubushake bw'iri serukiramuco ryo kugira uruhare mu bantu bazwi cyane ba Nollywood mu bikorwa byo kwamamaza. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Actor, RMD Wins Most outstanding Individual in Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34072/actor-rmdwins-most-outstanding-individual-in-nollywood-tra.html |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Filime izwi cyane == <ref>{{Cite web |last=Efeturi |date=2017-08-07 |title=Toka McBaror's 'Kada River' Makes Opening Film at the Nollywood Travel Festival |url=https://xplorenollywood.com/toka-mcbarors-kada-river-makes-opening-film-at-the-nollywood-travel-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=XploreNollywood |language=en-US}}</ref> cyangwa zerekanwe ''bwa'' ''mbere'' ''mu'' ''iserukiramuco'' ''rya'' ''Filime'' ''[[Kada River|rya]]'' ''Nollywood'' ''( NTFF ) zirimo Umugezi wa Kada ,'' ''Gufunga'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stories |first=True Nollywood |date=2017-07-02 |title=First ever Nollywood travel festival to hold during TIFF 2017 |url=https://thenet.ng/first-ever-nollywood-travel-festival-hold-tiff-2017/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> '']'' [ <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-08-31 |title=Alter Ego, Kada River… Movies to be screened at Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/nollywood-travel-film-festival-movies/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2022-05-25 |title="Collision Course", "Eagle Wings" & "Citation" Will Be Opening The Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/05/2022-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref>​​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2017-09-18 |title=Omotola Jalade, wins best actress award at Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/film/omotola-jalade-wins-best-actress-award-at-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2017 |title=Omotola wins Best actress Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2017/09/18/omotola-wins-best-actress-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |website=The News Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Actor, RMD Wins Most outstanding Individual in Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34072/actor-rmdwins-most-outstanding-individual-in-nollywood-tra.html |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/34072/actor-rmdwins-most-outstanding-individual-in-nollywood-tra.html "Actor, RMD Wins Most outstanding Individual in Nollywood Travel Film Festival"]. ''Modern Ghana''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> Iri serukiramuco ryakorewe inyandiko mu binyamakuru bigiye bitandukanye, harimo na Atlanta mu 2019 ryateguwe ku bufatanye n’iserukiramuco nyafurika rya Filime ndetse nirya Scotland Motion Film Scotland na Atenayi mu 2022, ryari rifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: uburambe cg ubunararibonye muri Nollywood." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=Koko |date=2022-04-20 |title=Athens To Host Nollywood Travel Film Festival {{!}} LN247 |url=https://ln247.news/athens-to-host-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ibyabaye nibikorwa == NTFF izwiho gutegura inama ndetse na gahunda zitandukanye, ubusanzwe itegura imara weekend kandi ikubiyemo: <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York, Toronto to host 2018 Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/08/15/new-york-toronto-to-host-2018-nollywood-travel-film-festival/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''Kwerekana Filime''' : Kwerekana mu nzu no hanze ya firime ya Nollywood, kuva kuri firime zerekana kugeza ku ikabutura, byerekana abakora amafilime yashizweho kandi agaragara. * '''Ikiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo''' : Ibiganiro kubyerekeranye no gukora film, imigendekere yinganda, ningaruka ku isi yose ya Nollywood, akenshi igaragaramo abayobozi bakomeye, abakinnyi, nabaproducer. * '''Amahugurwa''' : Amasomo yuburezi kubantu bifuza gukora film kugirango bige kubyerekeranye nubuhanga bwo gukora, gukwirakwiza, hamwe ningamba zo kwisoko ryisi. * '''Guhuza Ibikorwa''' : Amahirwe kubakinnyi ba firime guhuza nabashinzwe inganda nabashoramari. * '''Ibirori byo gutanga ibihembo''' : Kumenyekanisha film zindashyikirwa, abayobozi, nabakinnyi, hamwe nibyiciro byishimira guhanga no kugira ingaruka kumuco. * '''Ibirori byumuco''' : Imyenda itukura yerekanwe, galas, na nyuma yibirori byerekana umuco wa Nigeriya no guteza imbere uruhare rwabaturage. == Ibihembo == <big>'''2017 Ibihembo bya Nollywood Travel Festival Festival'''</big> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Ibihembo''' ! Igihembo ! Uwatsinze |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde wo muri film ''Alter Ego'' |} <big>'''2018 Nollywood Travel Film Festival Awards'''</big> {| class="wikitable" |+Ibihembo | Igihembo | Uwatsinze |- | Umuntu wihariye cyane | Richard Mofe-Damijo |- | Amashusho meza | Ike Nnaebue |- | Amanota meza ya muzika | Michael Ukuri Ogunlade wo muri film ''Guhura'' |- | Umukinnyi wa Sinema mwiza | Adekunle Nodash wo muri film ''Guhura'' |- | Filime nziza ya Nollywood muri Diaspora | ''Biratinze'' |- | Producer mwiza | Neville Sajere wo muri film ''Bitinze gato'' |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Umwamikazi Nwokoye |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Kalu Ikeagwu |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | Niyi Akinmolayan wo muri film ''Ubukwe 2'' |- | Filime nziza ya Nigeriya | ''Ubukwe 2'' |} <big>'''2024 Ibirori bya Filime Yurugendo rwa Nollywood'''</big> {| class="wikitable" |+Ibihembo | Igihembo | Uwatsinze |- | Umukinnyi mwiza w'ingimbi | Uchechi Ubutunzi Okonkwo (Nijeriya) |} == Ikurikiranyabihe rya NTFF == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! scope="col" |Inyandiko ! scope="col" | Umwaka ! scope="col" | Ikibanza ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Kurushanwa |- | Icya 1 ! scope="row" | Ku ya 12 - 16 Nzeri 2017 | Toronto, Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2017-06-28 |title=Nollywood Travel Festival to hold during TIFF 2017 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nollywood-travel-festival-hold-tiff-2017/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref>| {{yes}} |- | Icya kabiri ! scope="row" | 9 - 13 Gicurasi 2018 | Hamburg, mu Budage <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grace |first=Ihesiulo |date=2017-12-15 |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival pays courtesy visit to the German and Canadian consulates |url=https://dailytimesng.com/nollywood-travel-film-festival-pays-courtesy-visit-german-canadian-consulates/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=DAILY TIMES Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref>| {{yes}} |- | Icya gatatu ! scope="row" | Ukwakira 2018 | Kaminuza ya Toronto| {{yes}} |- | Icya 4 ! scope="row" | Ku ya 23 Gashyantare 2020 | Glasgow <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spur |first=Brand |date=2020-01-29 |title=Nollywood Travel Film Festival Set To Showcase ''Dear Affy'' In Glasgow, UK - Brand Spur |url=https://brandspurng.com/2020/01/29/nollywood-travel-film-festival-set-to-showcase-dear-affy-in-glasgow-uk/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>| {{yes}} |- | Icya 5 ! scope="row" | 5 - 7 Ukwakira 2023 | Amsterdam, Ubuholandi <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Z. A. M. |date=2023-09-21 |title=05.10 – 7.10.23, Amsterdam {{!}} The Nollywood Travel Film Festival |url=https://www.zammagazine.com/arts/1688-05-10-7-10-23-amsterdam-the-nollywood-travel-film-festival |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=ZAM |language=en-gb}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFReporter2023">Reporter, Z. A. M. (2023-09-21). [https://www.zammagazine.com/arts/1688-05-10-7-10-23-amsterdam-the-nollywood-travel-film-festival "05.10 – 7.10.23, Amsterdam | The Nollywood Travel Film Festival"]. ''ZAM''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-23</span></span>.</cite></ref>| {{yes}} |- | Icya 6 ! scope="row" | Ku ya 14 - 17 Mutarama 2024 | Milan, Ubutaliyani <ref>{{Cite web |last=III |first=Admin |date=2024-04-18 |title=Nollywood takes Italy by storm as film festival heads to Milan, Torino, Rome, Florence |url=https://blueprint.ng/nollywood-takes-italy-by-storm-as-film-festival-heads-to-milan-torino-rome-florence/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref>| {{yes}} |- | 7 ! scope="row" | 15 - 19 Gicurasi 2024 | Atenayi, mu Bugereki <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2023-02-25 |title=Again, Nollywood Travel Film Festival goes to Greece |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/again-nollywood-travel-film-festival-goes-to-greece/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNigeria2023">Nigeria, Guardian (2023-02-25). [https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/again-nollywood-travel-film-festival-goes-to-greece/ "Again, Nollywood Travel Film Festival goes to Greece"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-23</span></span>.</cite></ref>| {{yes}} |- |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} k4itttyxkspi1m7i7drkb5pcu4o3ipw 0 20464 149477 146574 2026-11-07T22:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149477 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Iminsi 30 i Atlanta''''' ni filime yo iri mu buryo bwo gusetsa cyangwa se comedi gusetsa y’urukundo yo muri [[Nijeriya]] 2014 yanditswe na Patrick "Koinage" Nnamani, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conversation with Patrick "Koinage" Nnamani by Insiders' view of the African film industry |url=https://anchor.fm/pavillonafriques/episodes/Conversation-with-Patrick-Koinage-Nnamani-e1dn611 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Anchor |language=en}}</ref> yakozwe na Ayo Makun ikayoborwa na Robert Peters . Filime yafatiwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=AY shoots first movie '30 days in Atlanta' featuring Vivica Fox |url=http://kokoma360.com/ay-shoots-first-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905191105/http://kokoma360.com/ay-shoots-first-movie/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=Kokoma 360}}</ref> i Lagos na Atlanta, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Lynn Whitfield & Vivica Fox in Trailer for Nigerian-Produced '30 Days in Atlanta' (The Plight of the Black Actress) |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/watch-lynn-whitfield-vivica-foxx-in-trailer-for-nigerian-produced-30-days-in-atlanta-20140819 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905165336/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/watch-lynn-whitfield-vivica-foxx-in-trailer-for-nigerian-produced-30-days-in-atlanta-20140819 |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=indieWire}}</ref> Yamenyekanye nka filime yinjije amafaranga menshi kurusha ayandi muri sinema <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2014 |title=Amazing success of 30 Days in Atlanta thrills AY -How the movie grossed N76 million in 42 days! |url=http://encomium.ng/amazing-success-of-30-days-in-atlanta-thrills-ay-how-the-movie-grossed-n76-million-in-42-days/ |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=encomium.ng}}</ref> mu gihugu cya Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2015 |title=AY's '30 Days In Atlanta ' Bags Highest Grossing Nigeria Movie Of All Time AY's '30 Days In Atlanta ' Bags Highest Grossing Nigeria Movie Of All Time |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/01/ays-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-highest-grossing-nigeria-movie-of-all-time/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002231713/http://360nobs.com/2015/01/ays-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-highest-grossing-nigeria-movie-of-all-time/ |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=22 January 2015 |publisher=360nobs.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie breaks box office record, grosses N76M |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/30-days-in-atlanta-movie-breaks-box-office-record-grosses-n76m-id3359320.html |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512201444/http://pulse.ng/movies/30-days-in-atlanta-movie-breaks-box-office-record-grosses-n76m-id3359320.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2014 |title=Photos: Comedian AY's '30 DAYS IN ATLANTA' Breaks Nollywood Box Office Record |url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/12/photos-comedian-ays-30-days-in-atlanta-breaks-nollywood-box-office-record.html |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=informationng.com}}</ref> == Umugambi == Akpos yatsindiye itike y'urugendo rw'ukwezi kumwe i Atlanta, Jeworujiya maze atumira mubyara we Richard ngo baze. Bahageze, birukira mu nshuti yabo ishaje Okiemute, ibajyana gusangira ibya ni mugoroba . Akpos ahura na Kimberly mwiza kandi yifuza kumubaza niba bazasohokana, ariko Okiemute amuburira ko se wa Kimberly agenzura cyane. Kimberly, Akpos, na Richard bongeye guhura hagati yabo mu nama y’ibidukikije, aho Akpos avuga amagambo make asekeje. Kimberly ariko, ashishikajwe cyane na Richard. Yahaye Richard numero ye ya terefone, baragenda mu gihe cya se, restaurateur Odiye, kwigaragaza. Richard asubira muri resitora gutegereza uruzinduko rwa Kimberly, ariko Akpos arigaragaza. Kimberly abwira Akpos ise yishimiye ibitekerezo bye muri iyi nama kandi ashaka kumuha amasezerano yo gusetsa. Mu nzira atashye na tagisi, Richard amenya ko yasize igikapu cye. Iyo umushoferi amenye ko badashobora kwishyura ibiciro, arabirukana mu kabari. Kimberly na Odiye babaha gusubira mu rugo rwa Odiye, aho bahurira n'umuryango, ndetse n'umunyamategeko w’abinjira n'abasohoka, Olaraye, Clara. Akpos na Clara batangira umubano w'urukundo. Bavuganiye kuri Skype hamwe n'ababyeyi be, Richard amenye ko uwahoze ari umukunzi we Ezee arimo gutegura ubukwe. Agerageza kumvisha nyina ko bahagaritse umubano wabo akavuga Kimberly. Richard amenyesha Kimberly ababyeyi be, ariko nyina ashimangira ko agomba kurongora Ezee. Ezee agerageza kumvisha Kimberly ko Richard azamutenguha gusa, Ezee yerekana Kimberly amashusho y'imbere ye na Richard. Kimberly acika intege maze yiruka asohoka mu nzu arira. Akpos yishora mu gukina urusimbi mu buryo butemewe birangira afashwe arafungwa. Clara yamusuye muri gereza yemera ku muhagararira. Byagaragaye ko Akpos yarenze kuri viza, bigatuma urubanza rwe rukomera kandi ruhanwa n'amategeko. Mu rukiko, umucamanza yemeye ko amafaranga yose Akpos yinjije azaba ahagije nk’indishyi z’uko yarenze ku mategeko na viza mu gihe amafaranga azatangwa nk'inkunga akazakurikiranwa. Mu rwego rwo gukumira andi makosa, Clara amujyana iwe, aho bombi basangira, nyuma yaho baza gukora igikorwa cy'ishimisha mubiri(bararyamana). Nyuma, Clara yumvise Akpos kuri terefone, bivuze ko umubano we na we bizorohereza green card ndetse n'ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika. Clara ararakara cyane ko Akpos ashobora kuba yarakoresheje umwanya we ukomeye maze akirukana Akpos mu nzu ye. Richard agerageza guhindura umubano we na Kimberly, ariko Odiye amutegeka gusiga umukobwa we wenyine, yongera gushimangira isura mbi abasore benshi bo muri Nijeriya bagaragaza mu bihugu by’Iburengerazuba. Richard atongana na Ezee kubyerekeye kwivanga mu mibanire ye na Kimberly. Mugihe Akpos yanze gutanga amafaranga yinjiza mubikorwa by'urukundo. Ku kibuga cy'indege, mu gihe abo bagabo bitegura gufata indege basubira muri Nijeriya, batangajwe no kubona Kimberly na Clara, bombi bahisemo kubakurikira basubira muri Nijeriya no guhura na [[bene]] wabo. == Abakinnyi == * Ayo Makun nka Akpors * Ramsey Nouah nka Richard * Richard Mofe Damijo nka Odiye * Desmond Elliot nka Okiemute * Kesse Jabari nka Wilson * Vivica A. Fox nk'umugore wa Wilson * Lynn Whitfield nk'umunyamategeko w’abinjira n'abasohoka ba Odiye, Clara * Karlie Redd nka Kimberly * Majid Michel nka Adetola Briggs * Omoni Oboli * Racheal Oniga nka mama wa Richard * Impuhwe Johnson nka Esse * Ada Ameh nka Akpors Mama * Yemi Blaq * Juliet Ibrahim nkumugore wa Adetola * Ifedayo Olarinde nka Freeze == Kwakira == === Uburyo Filimi yakiriwe === Filime yakiriwe neza n'abari aho muri rusange, ariko yatumye abantu benshi bafite ibitekerezo bihinduka ibitekerezo bibi. Abanegura benshi bavuga ko urwenya rwa filime rwuzuyemo clichés na stereotype, kandi ko iyi filime yasaga nkaho yasubiwemo ''Osuofia i Londere'' (2003), francise ''ya Jenifa'', cyangwa imvange ya bombi . === Box office === ''30 Days in Atlanta'' yagiye guca amateka yose muri 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2015 |title=Ben Bruce Applauds AY's Record Breaking Movie "30 Days in Atlanta" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHwOojC28OI/ |publisher=Ben Murray-Bruce}}</ref> == Ibihembo == 30 Days in Atlanta ni Filime yakiriye ibihembo 10 muri Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 nominations |url=http://goldenicons.com/awards/2014-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905165329/http://goldenicons.com/awards/2014-nominees/ |archive-date=5 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=GIAMA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Ay's Movie "30 Days In Atlanta" bags 10 nominations in Giama in America |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ays-movie-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-10-nominations-in-giama-in-america/ |access-date=5 September 2014 |publisher=Ebony Life TV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914183631/http://ebonylifetv.com/ays-movie-30-days-in-atlanta-bags-10-nominations-in-giama-in-america/ |archive-date=14 September 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya 2014 * Iminsi 30 mu Bushinwa == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 1v9c8lw5x34tluqqzngr6rebn8y8y4q 0 20544 149191 139513 2026-11-07T18:54:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A Date at the Tower''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ginsberg |first=Terri |date=2020 |title=Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhzzDwAAQBAJ&dq=meeting+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA533 |last2=Lippard |first2=Chris |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-3905-9 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Armes |first=Roy |date=2008 |title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=rendezvous+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA135 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35116-6 |language=en}}</ref> Ni filime yo mu Misiri yo mu mwaka 1962 yanditswe ina yoborwa na Ezz El-Dine Zulficar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Ezz Eldin Zulfikar: The romantic film pioneer - Film - Arts & Culture |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305173735/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |archive-date=2021-03-05 |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Zulfikar, Soad Hosny na Fouad el-Mohandes. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2017 |title=10 times Salah Zulfakar pioneered best scenes in Egyptian cinema |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/32356/10-times-Salah-Zulfakar-pioneered-best-scenes-in-Egyptian-cinema |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brière |first=Jean-François |date=1 January 2008 |title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&dq=rendez+vous+dans+la+tour+1962&pg=PA128 |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |isbn=978-2-8111-4250-6 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rendez-vous dans la tour |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205221204/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |archive-date=2021-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=محمود |date=1 May 2018 |title=المدينة والفيلم |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=At9aDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1916 |publisher=وكاله الصحافة العربيه |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=أ محمود |date=1999 |title=دليل الممثل العربي في سينما القرن العشرين |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iTmDAAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1897 |publisher=مجموعة النيل العربية |isbn=978-977-5919-02-1 |language=ar}}</ref> Firime yasohotse kuri 12 Ukuboza 1962 mu Misiri na Sosiyete y'Abarabu ishinzwe Sinema. == Inyandiko == Adel na Amaal bahuriye mu gihe bari bavuye mu bwato. Urukundo rubahuza, basezerana ku rushinga nyuma y'amezi atandatu kandi ko bazasohokera ku munara w'i Kayiro. Bapanga gufata amafaranga y'umukunzi wa Amaal Adel yahisemo gushaka akazi gafatika. Akora, akazi gasanzwe muri hoteri aba umuyobozi wungirije. Muri icyo gihe, Amaal asiga umukunzi we. Abura ku mirimo ye yo kwakira abashyitsi kubera ibyaha musaza we Alaa yakoze. Amezi atandatu arangiye. Abapolisi bateye inzu ya Alaa, yicwa amaherezo. Adel na Amaal bahurira ku Munara w Cairo ku gihe. == Abakozi == * Umuyobozi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar * Umwanditsi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar, Mohamed Abu Youssef * Producer: Salah Zulfikar * Sinema: Masood Issa * Sitidiyo itunganya: Isosiyete ya Filime ya Salah Zulfikar * Sosiyete i kwirakwiza: Sosiyete y'Abarabu ya Sinema == Abakinnyi == * Salah Zulfikar nka Adel Refaat * Soad Hosny nka Amaal * Fouad el-Mohandes nka Hassan * Soraya Helmy nkumugenzi wubwato * Zain El-Ashmawy nka Alaa * Samia Rushdi nka Khadija Hanim * Helmy Halim nka Mamdouh * Mahmoud Farag nka Madbouly El-Eter * Eileen Gaber nka Moushira Hanim * Edmond Toima * Ahmad Shawqi * Zainab Sedky * Zaki Ibrahim * Salah Al-Masry * Hassan Atleh * Ahmed Shokry == Reba kandi == * Salah Zulfikar * Soad Hosny * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Egiputa zo muri za 1960 == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * A Date at the Tower at IMDb * [https://elcinema.com/en/work/1116738/ Meeting at the Tower on elCinema] jlxpfc6slftq9h3sjl3e8c2re35leok 0 20561 149220 124539 2026-11-07T19:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kinini Kurenza''''' ni Filime mbarankuru yomubufaransa 2021 yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Flore Vasseur, yakozwe na Marion Cotillard, yanditswe na Vasseur na Melati Wijsen . ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=''Bigger Than Us'', le documentaire qui met en avant les jeunes activistes |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/culture/cinema/12497532-bigger-than-us-le-documentaire-qui-met-en-avant-les-jeunes-activistes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127214557/https://www.rts.ch/info/culture/cinema/12497532-bigger-than-us-le-documentaire-qui-met-en-avant-les-jeunes-activistes.html |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Radio Télévision Suisse]] |language=fr}}</ref>''​'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigger Than Us |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/bigger-than-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127214559/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/bigger-than-us |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Festival de Cannes]]}}</ref> ​ <ref name="césar">{{Cite web |title=Bigger Than Us |url=https://www.academie-cinema.org/films/bigger-than-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129131010/https://www.academie-cinema.org/films/bigger-than-us/ |archive-date=29 January 2022 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Umugamb == Iyi filime mbarankuru ivuga kuri Melati Wijsen, umukobwa w’imyaka 18 wo muri Indoneziya akaba numuntu uharanira kurwanya umwanda wa plastike mu gihugu cye. Arashaka kumva uburyo bwo gukomeza no gukomeza ibikorwa bye, bityo akomeza guhura nabandi basore batandatu baharanira inyungu kuwisi. == Abakinnyi == * Melati Wijsen * Xiuhtezcatl Martinez * Memory Banda * René Silva * Mohamad Al Jounde * Mary Finn * Winnie Tushabe == Kurekura == Iyifilime yerekanwe bwambere kwisi mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya 74 rya Cannes mugice cyihariye ''cya Sinema yikirere'' kuya <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Cinema for the climate |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cinema-for-the-climate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127214606/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/infos-communiques/communique/articles/cinema-for-the-climate |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Festival de Cannes]]}}</ref> 10 zukwakarindwi yashikeye mubufaransa kuwa 22 mukwacyenda 2021 == Kwakira == === Igisubizo gikomeye === AlloCiné, urubuga rwa sinema rwo muBufaransa, yahaye iyifilime impuzandengo ya 3.3 / 5, ishingiye kubushakashatsi bwingeza 12 zabafaransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Critiques presse pour le film ''Bigger Than Us'' |url=https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-274164/critiques/presse/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127214557/https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-274164/critiques/presse/ |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[AlloCiné]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Itangazamakuru ryo murugo == Iyi filime yasokeye kuri DVD mu Bufaransa ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2022 <ref name="dvd">{{Cite web |title=Bigger Than Us (2021) - DVD |url=https://www.dvdfr.com/dvd/f96280-bigger-than-us.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127214559/https://www.dvdfr.com/dvd/f96280-bigger-than-us.html |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=dvdfr.com |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="dvd" /> == Gutanga ibihembo == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Igihembo ! scope="col" | Umwaka ! scope="col" | Icyiciro ! scope="col" | Uwakiriye ! scope="col" | Igisubizo |- ! scope="row" | Ibirori bya Dei Popoli | rowspan="2" | 2021 | Igihembo cy'abacamanza | rowspan="2" | Kinini Kuruta| {{won}}<ref name="awards">{{Cite web |title=Festivals and awards |url=https://biggerthanus.film/en/festivals-and-awards |website=biggerthanus.film |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127224454/https://biggerthanus.film/en/festivals-and-awards |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2022 |title=R2R Festival wraps up the 24th hybrid edition! |url=https://r2rfestival.org/r2r-festival-wraps-up-the-24th-hybrid-edition/ |website=Reel 2 Real Youth Festival |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201122820/https://r2rfestival.org/r2r-festival-wraps-up-the-24th-hybrid-edition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Umudari w'Inteko ishinga amategeko | N / A.| {{won}}<ref name="awards"/> |- ! scope="row" | Ibihembo bya César | rowspan="6" | 2022 | Filime Nziza Nziza | Flore Vasseur na Denis Carot| {{nom}}<ref name="césar"/> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Ikigega Cyiza Cyisi | Kwiyemeza neza | Flore Vasseur| {{won}}<ref name="bwf">{{Cite web |date=5 April 2022 |title=Better World Fund hosts series of powerful sustainability focused events in Dubai |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/companies-news/better-world-fund-hosts-series-of-powerful-sustainability-focused-events-in-dubai-q1hnzuol |website=Zawya |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128130026/https://www.zawya.com/en/press-release/companies-news/better-world-fund-hosts-series-of-powerful-sustainability-focused-events-in-dubai-q1hnzuol |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | Ibyagezweho | Marion Cotillard| {{won}}<ref name="bwf"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=Marion Cotillard Best Achievement Award for the Film "Bigger than us" - Dubai Expo 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E10YazFS0z8 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204132947/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E10YazFS0z8 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Sinema yo Guhinduka | Igihembo cy'icyubahiro | Flore Vasseur| {{won}}<ref name="awards"/> |- ! scope="row" | Ibirori À Travers Champs | Igihembo | Kinini Kuruta| {{won}}<ref name="awards"/> |- ! scope="row" | Reel 2 Umunsi mukuru wurubyiruko | Edith Lando Igihembo cyamahoro | rowspan="2" | Kinini Kuruta| {{won}}<ref name="awards"/> |- |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Bigger Than Us at IMDb * Bigger Than Us at Rotten Tomatoes * Official trailer on YouTube * Official website tj1g1mnldmqbvgzzta0rgi1zs8k0ps4 0 20567 149485 132239 2026-11-08T01:46:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Fifty''''' ni filime y’ikinamico y’urukundo yo muri Nijeriya 2015, yayobowe na Biyi Bandele ikaba yarasohotse kuya 18 Ukuboza 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Mo Abudus film |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/29/a-movie-to-see-again-read-the-seyifunmi-ajanakus-review-of-mo-abudus-film-fifty/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=bellanaija.com}}</ref> == Umugambi == fifty ivuga ku iminsi mike yingenzi yabagore bane kurwego rwo hejuru rwumwuga wabo. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria, na Kate ninshuti enye bahatiwe mu gihe cyo hagati kugira ngobandike ubuzima bwabo bwite mugihe bakora umwuga ndetse numuryango bakurikije uturere twa Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty, the movie filming location |url=http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109065611/http://zegist.com/fifty-the-movie-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=zegist.com}}</ref> Tola aba ariumustar kuri TV washakanye numunyamategeko Kunle ntabwo yigeze agira amahirwe kubera ibanga ryumuryango ridasanzwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cast and crew of Fifty (2015) |url=https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |website=naija2movies.com.ng |archive-date=10 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910153737/https://naija2movies.com.ng/movie-fifty-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Elizabeth abari umuganga ububyaza wamamaye cyane ku basore bamutandukanije numukobwa we. Maria, ufite imyaka mirongo ine n'icyenda, abafitanye ikibazo numugabo wubatse bikaviramo gutwita mu buryo butunguranye, kandi intambara ya Kate n’indwara ishobora guhitana ubuzima bwamuteye kwishora mwidini. == Abakinnyi == === Abakinnyi bakomeye === * Ireti Doyle as Elizabeth, who is an obstetrician whose desire for younger men has caused a strain on her relationship with her daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireti Doyle |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075238/http://fiftythemovie.com/ireti-doyle/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Dakore Akande as Tola, who is a reality TV star whose marriage to lawyer Kunle never stood a chance due to an invidious family secret.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakore Egbuson-Akande |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075233/http://fiftythemovie.com/dakore-egbuson-akande/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Omoni Oboli as Maria who is a forty-nine -year-ld lady who had an affair with a married man that results in an unexpected pregnancy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omoni Oboli |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075248/http://fiftythemovie.com/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nse Ikpe-Etim as Kate who is battling with a life-threatening illness that plunged her into religious obsession<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe-Etim |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075644/http://fiftythemovie.com/nse-ikpe-etim/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Wale Ojo as Kunle<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wale Ojo |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075734/http://fiftythemovie.com/wale-ojo/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kachi Nnochiri as Chike<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kachi Nnochiri |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075613/http://fiftythemovie.com/kachi-nnochiri/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Emmanuel Ikubese as Sammy<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Ikubese |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075425/http://fiftythemovie.com/emmanuel-ikubese/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Kemi ‘Lala’ Akindoju as Chi Chi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemi Akindoju |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075801/http://fiftythemovie.com/kemi-lala-akindoju-3/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Timini Egbuson as Jamal<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timini Egbuson |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075842/http://fiftythemovie.com/timini/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Uzor Osimkpa as Sade<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzor |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075509/http://fiftythemovie.com/uzor/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> === Abasitari Bagararamo === * Umwami Sunny Adé nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Sunny Ade |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075444/http://fiftythemovie.com/king-sunny-ade/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Femi Kuti nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Femi Kuti |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075609/http://fiftythemovie.com/femi-kuti/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Nneka nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nneka |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075243/http://fiftythemovie.com/nneka/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Tiwa Savage nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiwa Savage |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075925/http://fiftythemovie.com/tiwa-savage/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> * Waje nka we <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waje |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075514/http://fiftythemovie.com/waje/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Ukoyakozwe == Filime yakozwe mubuyobozi bukuru bwa Ebony Life TV [[Mosunmola Abudu|Mo Abudu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mo Abudu |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075817/http://fiftythemovie.com/mo-abudu/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> Bayobowe na Biyi Bandele . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biyi Bandele |url=http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907075420/http://fiftythemovie.com/biyi-bandele/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2012 |website=fiftythemovie.com}}</ref> == Ukoyasohotse == ''Fifty'' ereksnywe bwa mbere i Londres mukwakira 2015, igurishwa mu minsi ine, kandi muri ukwezi kwa Lagos habereye kwerekanwa kugiti cye. Grand Premiere yariku cyumweru, tarikiya 13 Ukuboza 2015, muri Eko Hotel na Suites . <ref name="Fifty" /> Filime yasohotse muri sinema ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2015. <ref name="Fifty">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Fifty set to film at the London film festival |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |access-date=5 November 2015 |website=ebonylifetv.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015134624/http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-debut-feature-movie-fifty-set-to-screen-at-bfi-london-film-festival-in-october/ |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kwakira neza == Filime yakunzwe cayne nabagenzuzi . Nollywood yayihaye 52% anagaragaza ko idafite ibirimo n'uburebure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifty |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/01/fifty.html |website=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * Fifty at IMDb * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVFnA30Dob0 "EN: Exclusive Interview With Director Biyi Bandele, Cast & Crew Of Movie 'Fifty' 19/12/15"], Channels Television, 19 December 2015. r6ml9cufodqq0gras65wzlbnsan5bds 0 20583 149193 140277 2026-11-07T18:57:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149193 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Achoura''''' n'ifilime iteye ubwoba yabanye Marroco bakoresha igifaransa yomuri 2018 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Moroccan Horror Film “Achoura” Praised at Sitges Fantastic Film Festival |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.moroccoworldnews.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065757/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=شكري |first=زينب |date=2022-10-08 |title=فيلم خيال علمي.. السلهامي يطرح "عاشوراء ليلة الأطفال" بقاعات السينما (فيديو) |url=https://al3omk.com/785613.html#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A,%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=العمق المغربي |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Talal Selhami: "I really pushed the cursor to the end by forbidding myself any form of exoticism" |url=http://www.lesecransterribles.com/achoura-interview-talal-selhami/50159 |access-date=9 November 2020 |publisher=lesecransterribles}}</ref> yayobowe kandi yandikwa na [[Talal Selhami]]. Abakinnyi babanye Maroc Omar Lotfi na Younes Bouab bakinana na Sofia Manousha, Ivan Gonzalez, Mohamed Choubi, na Moussa Masskri. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="Miska 2021">{{Cite web |last=Miska |first=Brad |date=12 November 2021 |title=Dark Star Acquires 'Achoura', a Creature Feature Described as 'It' Meets 'Babadook' |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3691751/dark-star-acquires-achoura-creature-feature-described-meets-babadook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203070419/https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3691751/dark-star-acquires-achoura-creature-feature-described-meets-babadook/ |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref> ni firime ishingiye ku inshuti enye zo mu bwana zongera guhura mugihe umwe muribo, waburiwe irengero hashize imyaka 25 mugihe cyibiruhuko bya Ashura, yongeye kwinjira mubuzima bwabo, bituma bahura na djinn iteye ubwoba. <ref name="Hekking 2019">{{Cite web |last=Hekking |first=Morgan |date=15 October 2019 |title=Moroccan Horror Film "Achoura" Praised at Sitges Fantastic Film Festival |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065757/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Morocco World News]]}}</ref> Filime ifatwa nka film yambere ya fantasy ya Maroc. <ref>{{Cite web |last=شكري |first=زينب |date=2022-10-08 |title=فيلم خيال علمي.. السلهامي يطرح "عاشوراء ليلة الأطفال" بقاعات السينما (فيديو) |url=https://al3omk.com/785613.html#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A,%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=العمق المغربي |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Martin |date=2019-12-08 |title=Arab and African Filmmakers Are Increasingly Focusing on Genre Films and Series |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/arab-african-filmmakers-genre-1203428775/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Achoura'' niyo filime ya mbere y'inyamwanswa yafatiwe muri Maroke(morroco), <ref name="Hanley 2015">{{Cite web |last=Hanley |first=Ken W. |date=28 February 2015 |title=Exclusive First Photos: Moroccan Monster Movie "Achoura" |url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-first-photos-moroccan-monster-movie-achoura |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102433/http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-first-photos-moroccan-monster-movie-achoura |archive-date=2 May 2015 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Fangoria]]}}</ref> Yerekanwe bwambere mu Kuboza 2018 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime ry’i Paris. <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> <ref name="PIFFF 2018">{{Cite web |title=Achoura |url=http://www.pifff.fr/2018/film-206-achoura-en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065213/http://www.pifff.fr/2018/film-206-achoura-en |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Paris International Fantastic Film Festival]]}}</ref> Filime yabonye intsinzi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tangier aho yatsindiye igihembo cya filime yakozwe neza, nomwi iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Marrakech. Iyifilime kandi yatsindiye igihembo kinini mu iserukiramuco rya Hard Line mu Budage mu Kwakira <ref name=":0"/> == Abakinnyi == * [[Younes Bouab]] * Sofiia Manousha * Iván González * Moussa Maaskri * Omar Lofti == Ukoyakozwe == Gufata amashusho byakorewe muri Maroc, hafi ya Casablanca, muei <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> 2015 . <ref name="Hanley 2015"/> == Yasohotse == ''Achoura'' yerekanwe bwambere muKuboza 2018 mwi iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Paris. [ <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> <ref name="PIFFF 2018"/> <ref name="Hekking 2019" />​ <ref name="Bromley 2019">{{Cite web |last=Bromley |first=Patrick |date=17 June 2019 |title=[Cinepocalypse Review] 'Achoura' is a Bleak, Somber Meditation On the Death of Innocence |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3567655/cinepocalypse-review-achoura-bleak-somber-meditation-death-innocence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203064910/https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3567655/cinepocalypse-review-achoura-bleak-somber-meditation-death-innocence/ |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref>​ <ref name="Hekking 2019" /> Muri 2021, Dark Star Pictures yabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwirakwiza ''Achoura''; iyifilime igiye gusohoka kuri DVD no kumbuga za interineti muri Amerika ku ya 14 Ukuboza <ref name="Miska 2021"/> == Kwakira == Mwisubiramo ryiza cyane ryerekanwe kurifirime ''yamaraso yuzuye amaraso'', Patrick Bromley yavuze ko isano irihagati ya ''Achoura'' - yafotowe muri 2015 - nafirime ''It It'' 2017 hamwe nizikurikira 2019 . <ref name="Bromley 2019"/>''​​''​ <ref name="Bromley 2019" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Achoura at IMDb 7ysx8osw1mp36nfeszfxaijkdb4q5bz 0 20640 149216 137680 2026-11-07T19:11:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Bad Comments''''' ni film ya yakiniwe kandi inafatirwa amashusho mu gihugu cya Nigeriya 2021 ikinamo Jim Iyke ari nawe producer mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Jim Iyke's Debut Production "Bad Comments" Tackles Online Bullying |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105060607/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |archive-date=2021-11-05 |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jim Iyke excites fans at bad comments' premiere |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/art/jim-iyke-excites-fans-at-bad-comments-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103100556/https://editor.guardian.ng/art/jim-iyke-excites-fans-at-bad-comments-premiere/ |archive-date=2021-11-03 |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> 2 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Jim Iyke Addresses Cyberbullying in New Movie 'Bad Comments' |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/15/jim-iyke-addresses-cyberbullying-in-new-movie-bad-comments/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref>​​​​​​​​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Stephanie |date=2021-08-27 |title=Jim Iyke's 'Bad Comments' Movie to premiere in cinemas |url=https://von.gov.ng/2021/08/27/jim-iykes-bad-comments-movie-to-premiere-in-cinemas/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Iyi filime ishingiye ku ubuzima bwa Frank Orji, umukinnyi ufite umwuga ukomeye wo gukina wamamaye cyane nyuma yo gusohora amashusho yatunganijwe kumurongo. Ibi biganisha kumurongo kuri interineti ukoresheje troll kumurongo. Abifashijwemo na hacker, umuzamu we, n'umufasha we ku giti cye, ashobora gukurikirana izo troll no kubaha uburyohe bw'imiti yabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Jim Iyke's Debut Production "Bad Comments" Tackles Online Bullying |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105060607/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |archive-date=2021-11-05 |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Jim Iyke nka Frank Orji * Osas Ighodaro nka Hilda * Desmond Elliot nka Uche * Francis Duru nka nyirinzu * Emelda Bassey nka Amanda * Timaya nkigaragara rya Cameo * Okor Umukiza nka Hitman * Ini Edo nkigaragara rya Cameo * Anita Asuoha nkigaragara rya Cameo * Yomi Umukara nkumugenzi windege * Chiwetalu Agu nkumuntu mukuru * Ayo Makun nkigaragara rya Cameo * Ihangane Ozokwor nka Mama Frank * Sharon Ooja nka Tasha * Ruggedman nka Uwem * Ben Lugo Touitou nk'Abaroma * Udomboso John Abakiza nka Hakeem * Edward Chukwuma - Jiah nka Tornado * Renier Roets nka Mr Van Wijk * Talitan Van Wyk nka Madamu Van Wijk * Melvin Oduah nka Segun * Bassey Ekpo Bassey nkumunyamategeko wa Ahmed * John Tamuno nka MD * Byiringiro Daniels nkumuproducer wumuziki * Kilani Ubutabera nka Pasiteri * Vanessa Aneto nka Tessy * Chinenye Nnebe nka Sandra * Halvin Okonmah nka Hip Hip Guy * Eniola Cole nkuwiruka umukobwa * Akpan Nyaknno nka Nerdy Guy * Obioma Ofoegbu nkumushoferi urira * Impano Igah nkumugenzi urira * Abel Adama nkumunyeshuri * Bright Anyanwu nkumukinnyi * Tim Harmony nka Moruf * Doe Jnr. Otse nka Emeka * Ingufu Uloko nkumunyapolitiki * Akanji Olarinde nka Chop * Amina Atairu nkumunwa usukuye * Jewel Ike Obioha nkumunyamabanga == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya zo muri 2021 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} k43eo0389v2tad952xgkzgpuyny4b9g 0 20648 149339 124667 2026-11-07T20:45:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149339 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Outkast''''' ni filime yakorewe muri Nigeriya yo muri 2001 yakozwe kandi ikayoborwa na Chico Ejiro . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2016 |title=Outkast full cast & crew |url=http://uzomediangr.com/tag/outkast |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122062429/http://www.uzomediangr.com/tag/outkast |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=23 May 2017 |publisher=Uzomedia}}</ref> == Umugambi == Iyifilime igaragara mo itsinda ry'abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bo muri Nijeriya birukanwa mu Butaliyani. Iyobasubiye i Lagos, bihindura abagizi nabi kugirango babone amafaranga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2015 |title=The trailer of ''Outkast'' at the Nollywood Project of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale |url=http://www.siu.edu/~africa/nollywood/outkast.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522171838/http://www.siu.edu/~africa/nollywood/outkast.html |archive-date=22 May 2007 |publisher=Siu.edu}}</ref> == Abakinnyi ==   == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya zo muri 2001 == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == Outkast at IMDb mmdev9xqjzlnmwsob6tiwcd3ab7i66e 0 20747 149437 139652 2026-11-07T21:28:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Estas são as armas''''', ''Izi nimbunda'', ni film mbarankuru [[Mozambike|yomuri Mozambike]] yakozwe muwi 1978. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lars Kristensen |date=28 February 2013 |title=Postcommunist Film - Russia, Eastern Europe and World Culture |publisher=Routledge, 2013 |isbn=978-1136475559}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nwachukwu Frank Ukadike |author-link=N. Frank Ukadike |date=May 1994 |title=Black African Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/blackafricancine0000ukad |publisher=University of California Press, 1994 |isbn=0520912365}}</ref> Yarashwe nitsinda ryabanyeshuri bomu [[National Cinema Institute|kigo cyigihugu cya sinema]] (INC) iyobowe na [[Murilo Salles]] na Luís Bernardo Honwana, ifi filime mbarirano ''Izi nizo mbunda'' zerekana amashusho yingabo za Rodeya zateye muri Repubulika yabaturage ya Mozambike. Muwi 1977, iyifirime yatangiriye i [[Maputo]] yerekeza mu ntara ya Tete gufata amashusho yibyangijwe nigitero cy’indege mu cyaro. == Reba == {{RefFCAT|286}}{{Reflist}} mozrbpwpecjwp2b9gquwzemnhmyt2b4 0 20754 149486 142958 2026-11-08T02:02:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Gangs of Lagos''''' ni film yakozwe mumwaka wa 2023 yomuri Nigeriya iganjemo aubigizi bwanabini nibyaha bitandukanye, yakozwe na Jadesola Osiberu . Irimo Tobi Bakre, Adesua Etomi, Chike, Iyabo Ojo, Chioma Chukwuka, Zlatan, Bimbo Ademoye, Yvonne Jegede, Yinka Quadri, Wasiu Alabi Pasuma, na Yhemolee . Iyifilime yerekana inkuru y’inshuti eshatu Obalola, Ify, na Impano, zakuriye i Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó, mugace kagenzurwa n’udutsiko dufitanye isano na politiki. Mugihe imitwe ihanganye nabo itemeranya nabo ubwo urugomo rukaba ruratangiye, bakishora mu ntambara yagatsiko iba yagutse ityo. Umuyobozi ushinzwe udushya mumashusho akaba n'umwanditsi Jadesola Osiberu yubatse ikigitekerezo mugihe bakoraga uyumushinga wewa mbere, ''Gidi Up'', yashingiye kukureba ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabaturage binyuze mumadirishya yinyubako zituranye. Amanota yahimbwe na Tolu Obanro, Chike yatanze umuzanzu mumagambo yindirimbo zimwe. Amafoto nyamukuru yakorewe kukirwa cya Lagos . ''Gangs of Lagos'' yerekanwe kuya 4 Nzeri 2022 mw' iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2022 . Yasohowe bidasubirwaho na Sitidiyo ya Amazone MGM ibinyujije kuri Video ya mbere kuya 7 Mata <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Prime Video's Gangs of Lagos for launch on April 7 |url=https://guardian.ng/art/prime-videos-gangs-of-lagos-for-launch-on-april-7/ |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Iyifilime kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mumwaka wa 2023 [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]] . Iyifilime yateje impaka nyuma y gusohoka inakomeza kuziteza kuva icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajose |first=Kehinde |date=2023-04-15 |title=Controversy trails depiction of Eyo in 'Gangs of Lagos' |url=https://punchng.com/controversy-trails-depiction-of-eyo-in-gangs-of-lagos/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Byasobanuwe kari "ugusuzugura umuco wo muri Lagos" hanyuma isabirwa guhagarikwa mu bitangazamakuru bya Nollywood na guverinoma ya Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Njoku |first=Benjamin |date=April 15, 2023 |title=Why we can't ban 'Gangs of Lagos' — NFVCB |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/04/why-we-cant-ban-gangs-of-lagos-nfvcb/ |website=vanguardngr}}</ref> Oba ya Lagos numuryango wa Kosoko bamaganye iyifilime kubera koyerekanaga masikare ya Eyo nkudutsiko twabagizi ba nabi bagize uruhare mubwicanyi buteye ubwoba no gutera ubwoba abaturage binzirakarengane. ''Agatsiko ka Lagos'' gakomeje kuba umwe mu binjije amafaranga menshi muri Nigeriya muri sinema ya Nigeriya, yinjije miliyoni zisaga 230. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nosa |first=Oke-Hortons |date=27 December 2023 |title=Funke Akindele loses, Femi Adebayo rises: Top 6 highest-grossing movies of 2023 |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/movies/1570710-year-review-top-6-highest-grossing-movie-2023-approximated-earnings-n10bn/ |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Yamenyekanye kandi muri Prime Video mwi 10 za mbere kwisi ikurikiranwa cyane badakoresha ururirimi rw' [[Icyongereza]], ishingiye ku mikorere yayo hanze y’igihugu yakomokamo kugeza igihe yasohoye. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-22 |title="Gangs of Lagos" Makes Prime Video's Global Non-English Most Watched List - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/gangs-of-lagos-makes-prime-videos-global-non-english-most-watched-list/#:~:text=Gangs%20of%20Lagos%20by%20Nigerian,titles%20on%20the%20streaming%20platform. |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en}}</ref> == Incamake == Obalola,Gift, na Ify bari inshuti eshatu zavukiye zina kurira muri Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó, umuryango wariwiganjemo ihohoterwa rikorwa na politiki, ubugizi bwa nabi, n’agatsiko, ubujura, no guharanira ubutegetsi. Obalola, akiri umwana, abona se - wahoze ari umwami w’umuryango - araswa mu buryo bubabaje na masike ya Eyo . Mugihe bari mumodoka, inshuti eshatu ziba umufuka wumugore, urimo amafaranga na pasiporo mpuzamahanga . Uyu mugore abimenyesha Alaye Bam Bam, umwami uyoboye imuhanda yo muri Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó. kaze gufata Obalola, akabona igisubizo cye cy'ubutwari, akamushyira hamwe n'abandi mu kazi ke, kogukusanya ruswa n'ubujura. Ubutwaribwa Obalola hamwe nabanyabwenge bomumuhanda bikurura Nino, umuyobozi w'agatsiko kiyongera kuba Eleniyan ukurikira (izina ry'umuyobozi w'agatsiko gakomeye muri Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó). Nino, abonye ubushobozi muri Obalola, amujyana munsiy’ibaba maze abumubyeyi urera, amuha guhunga by'agateganyo ihohoterwa ryanyina w’idini ry’idini rya Obalola. Urugo rwa Nino rutanga ihumure, kandi Obalola akunda cyane Teni, umuturanyiwa Nino n'umukobwa wa Kazeem. Urupfu rubi rwa Nino ruteza akaga gakomeye, rukanangiza ibyiringiro bya Obalola byozagira ubuzima bwiza. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, Obalola n’inshuti ze basanga barushijwe imbaraga no gukorera Kazeem, umuyobozi w’agatsiko kabanzi b’ubuzima uzwiho inda nini n’ubunyamaswa, kandi ufite imizi ikomeye muri politiki ya Lagos. Kazeem yifata nk’aho ari se kuri Obalola, ariko ukuri ni uko uburiganya bwe n’icyo akoresha mu bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi bisaba igiciro gikomeye. abobatatu bamazeguze, imiterere yabo irushaho kuba mibi,inzira zabo zigatandukana. Obalola yaje kuba uwo Kazeem yubahwa cyane, abitewe no gushaka gutunga umuryango we no kwihorera urupfu rwa Nino. Impano ikubiyemo ubuzima bw'agatsiko, kubona imbaraga n'irangamuntu mu kajagari, mugihe Ify akomera ku nzozi zo kuba umucuranzi, nubwo ubudahemuka ku nshuti ze bukomeza kumusubiza mu kuzimu. Inshingano y'ingenzi yateguwe na Kazeem iteza amakimbirane akaze mudutsiko duhanganye no kugenzura politiki. Ntabishaka, Ify yinjiye mubikorwa kugirango ashyigikire inshuti ze. Ariko, ubutumwa buragenda nabi, bikaviramo kurasa akajagari aho Ify yiciwe. Urupfu rwe rutunguranye kandi rukabije rwangiza Obalola na Gift, bituma basigara bahanganye nigihombo kidazanzwe Urupfu rwa Ify ruteza andi maraso kumeneka muri Isale Eko, ubwo nyina, Mama Ify, yasabaga ko akwirukanwa . Mu byakurikiyeho, Obalola amenya ko ari Kazeem wagize uruhare mu kwicwa kwa Nino. Ibyo bituma ayobora urugamba rw’amaraso rwo kwihorera kuri Kazeem. Kubera agahinda n’inyota y’ubutabera, intambara y’udutsiko irarota, ikaba iy’amaraso menshi. Mu iherezo ryaranzwe n’urugamba rukaze, Obalola ahanganye na Kazeem, aramutsinda aramwica . Icyo gikorwa cy’ukwihorera kiba nk’aho cyuzuye urugendo rwa Obalola, kuko ahura n’uruhererekane rw’ubugome rwamuranze mu buzima bwe, agatangira gushaka inzira imukiza ibyo byiciro by’amaraso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oladotun |first=Shola-Adido |date=8 April 2023 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: Gangs of Lagos: Finally, a crime thriller that captures Isale Eko's reality |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/592330-movie-review-gangs-of-lagos-finally-a-crime-thriller-that-captures-isale-ekos-reality.html |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Abakinnyi ==   * Tobi Bakre nka Obalola umusore winjiye mw'isi irimo akajagari n’urugomo by’agatsiko ku kirwa cya Lagos . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2023-04-12 |title=Tobi Bakre Shines As Obalola in "Gangs Of Lagos" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/tobi-bakre-shines-as-obalola-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Obalola yakuriye mu kajagari, agahangana nigihe cye, ubudahemuka, ndetse n’imyitwarire ye byaje kugera hejuru mu ntera y’ubuyobozi bw’agatsiko. ** Maleek Sanni nkumusore Obalola * Adesua Etomi nka Gift inshuti ya Obalola yobwana kandi numunyamuryango wingenzi mumatsinda yabo ya hafi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2023-04-11 |title=Adesua Etomi Is The Fearless Gift In "Gangs Of Lagos" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/adesua-etomi-is-the-fearless-gift-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> ** Mummy muto nka Gift akiri muto * Chike nka Ify indi nshuti magara ya Obalola. inzozi ze nuguhinduka umu sitari muri Afrobeat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2023-04-12 |title=Chike Warms Hearts As Ify In "Gangs of Lagos" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/chike-warms-hearts-as-ify-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> ** Nifemi Lwal nka Ify akir muto * Tayo Faniran nka Nino Obaloba warezwe na se wumuhanda imico itoroshye umubano we na Obalola na Kazeem utera amakimbirane namakimbirane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Solution |date=April 11, 2023 |title='Gangs of Lagos' was my second chance- Tayo Faniran |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/592833-gangs-of-lagos-was-my-second-chance-tayo-faniran.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> * Olarotimi Fakunle nka Kazeem umuyobozi w'agatsiko k'abagome utoza Obalola akamushyira mubuzima bw'ubugizi bwa nabi. Imico ye ikubiyemo ibintu bikaze kandi bidahwema kuyobora ubuyobozi bw'agatsiko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title="There's no Permanent Enemy, only Permanent Interests" — Olarotimi Fakunle, Eleniyan of "Gangs of Lagos," in Conversation with Afrocritik - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/olarotimi-eleniyan-gangs-of-lagos-afrocritik/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |language=en}}</ref> * Iyabo Ojo nka Mama Obalola nyina wintwari . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meshioye |first=David |date=2023-04-14 |title=Spotlight on leading stars of Gangs Of Lagos |url=https://guardian.ng/life/spotlight-on-leading-stars-of-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Chioma Akpotha nka Mama Ify, Nyina wa Ify umubyeyi umwe ugerageza gukingira umwana we ibintu bibi bibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=2023-04-12 |title=Chioma Chukwuka's Mama Ify Is The Heart Of The Family In "Gangs Of Lagos" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/chioma-chukwukas-mama-ify-is-the-heart-of-the-family-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Toyin Abraham nka Bamidele * Zlatan Ibile nka Kash umwe mubagize agatsiko ibikorwa byabo byongera inkuru idateganijwe kurinkuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Itodo |first=Sunny Green |date=2023-05-01 |title=It took me months to master my role in 'Gangs Of Lagos' - Zlatan Ibile |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/05/01/it-took-me-months-to-master-my-role-in-gangs-of-lagos-zlatan-ibile/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2023-04-25 |title=Yhemolee and Zlatan Ibile Star in Amazon Prime's Gang of Lagos: A New Era of Nollywood Action Drama |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/yhemolee-and-zlatan-ibile-star-in-amazon-primes-gang-of-lagos-a-new-era-of-nollywood-action-drama/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Yhemolee nka Muri Toronto, inshuti magara ya Ify na Obalola, nawe wari umukunzi wa Impano. <ref name=":8" /> * Pasuma nka Londres undi mukinnyi w'ingenzi mu gatsiko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pasuma joins 'Gangs of Lagos' cast [See photos] {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pasuma-joins-gangs-of-lagos-cast-see-photos/ffq91kv |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> * Bwana Macaroni nka Wemimo * Funke Williams nkumugisha * Bimbo Ademoye nka Teni, umukobwa wa Kazeem wakundanye na Obalola nyuma yo gusubira muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bimbo Ademoye wanted to play Adesua's gangster role in 'Gangs of Lagos' {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/gangs-of-lagos-bimbo-ademoye-wanted-adesuas-gangster-role-2024072609511880512 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ugunushe |first=Eriki Joan |date=2023-04-09 |title=Bimbo Ademoye Speaks on Her Role As Teni in Jade Osiberu's 'Gangs of Lagos'. |url=https://federalcharacter.com/bimbo-ademoye-speaks-on-her-role-as-teni-in-jade-osiberus-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Federal Character |language=en}}</ref> * Damilola Ogunsi nka Ekun * Demi Banwo nka Bolaji * Funke Williams nkumugisha * Umukara Kamoru nkubwoba * Yinka Quadri nka Olorogun == Ukoyakozwe == === Ukoyakozwe no gufata amashusho === Mugukora ''Gangs of Lagos'' byaatewe n’uko Jade Osiberu yiboneye ubuzima i Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó, Lagos . Mu gihe cyo gukora umushinga we, ''Gidi Up'', yiboneye ubuzima bwa buri munsi binyuze mu madirishya y’inyubako zituranye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jade Osiberu on Making Prime Video's first African Original, 'Gangs of Lagos' - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/jade-osiberu-gangs-of-lagos-prime/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211150929/https://www.okayafrica.com/jade-osiberu-gangs-of-lagos-prime/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umwe mu mashusho yingenzi, aho umubyeyi yari ategura ifunguro ry’abanabe, niwo watumye yibaza byinshi ku buzima bw’ihungabana ry’ubukungu nimibereho murako gace. Iryotandukaniro ryabaye ishingiro ryinkuru yerekanye ubuzima bwabantu akenshi bumvwa nabi. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Odeh |first=Nehru |date=April 23, 2023 |title=How a mother in Isale Eko inspired Gangs of Lagos - Jade Osiberu |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/23/how-a-mother-in-isale-eko-inspired-gangs-of-lagos-jade-osiberu/ |website=pmnewsnigeria}}</ref> Ibi birori byashizeho urwego rwo kuvuga abantu abantu batumva nabi. Yasuzumye insanganyamatsiko zo kwifuza, ubukene, nokubaho muburyo butandukanye na Lagos butandukanye no kwinezeza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anokam |first=Sam |last2=Adeniyi |first2=Adewoyin |date=April 12, 2023 |title=Isale Eko inspired Gangs of Lagos, says producer |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/isale-eko-inspired-gangs-of-lagos-says-producer/ |website=thenationonlineng}}</ref> Iyifilime yibanda ku ngaruka zubujura na politiki mbi mu buzima bwaburi munsi, bugamije kubyutsa impuhwe mugihe zishimishije. <ref name=":5" /> Mukiganiro na <nowiki><i id="mw0Q">Al Jazeera</i></nowiki>, Osiberu yavuze ingaruka nka Martin Scorsese na Spike Lee, abahoze mumatsinda yagangster bagize uruhare mu kuvuga inkuru. Yasobanuye agira ati: “Nahoraga nzi ko nshaka kuvuga inkuru ivuga kumwana ukurira kuriyi si udashobora gusohoka,” agaragaza ishingiro ry’umuntu munkuru za filime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |title=The Nigerian filmmaker reshaping Nollywood in her own image |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2023/8/19/the-nigerian-filmmaker-reshaping-nollywood-in-her-own-image |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>   ''Gangs of Lagos y''agaragaje intambwe ikomeye muri sinema yo muri Nijeriya kuko yabaye filime yambere ya <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_original" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Amazon original" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="281">Amazon Original</a> yaturutse muri Afurika, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-06 |title=Amazon Prime's First African Original Movie Premieres in Lagos |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-06/amazon-prime-s-first-african-original-movie-to-premiere-in-lagos |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> igaragaza ko kwisi igenda yiyongera muri Afurika. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=23 March 2023 |title=Amazon Sets Release Date for First African Movie 'Gangs of Lagos' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/amazon-release-date-african-movie-gangs-of-lagos-1235359393/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> ] Iyi filime yayobowe na Jadesola Osiberu, uzwi mu bikorwa bye nka ''Isoken'' (2017), ''Sugar Rush'' (2019), na ''Brotherhood'' (2022). Yakozwe ku bufatanye na Kemi Lala Akindoju, ikaba yaravutse binyuze mu masezerano yimyaka itatu hagati ya Amazon Prime Video n’inzu itunganya filime ya Osiberu, Greoh Studios. Osiberu yakoranye na Kemi Lala Akindoju ndetse na K. I. Jegede mu kwandika inyandikonyamakuru (screenplay) igaragaza by’ukuri umuco w’imibereho y’abatuye muri Lagos. Ishuho ngari ya ''Gangs of Lagos'' yatangiye mumwaka wa 2021 ikomeza amezi menshi. Benshi mubafata amashusho yabereye <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jadesola Osiberu Excites with 'Gang of Lagos' – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/03/jadesola-osiberu-excites-with-gang-of-lagos/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> Eko, umuturanyi wo ku kirwa cya Lagos ahazwiho kubera amateka yaho ndetse n’ikirere cyiza. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Crumpe |date=21 April 2023 |title='Gangs of Lagos' Director Jáde Osiberu on Making Nigeria's First Gangster Epic |url=https://www.crumpe.com/2023/04/gangs-of-lagos-director-jade-osiberu-on-making-nigerias-first-gangster-epic/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Crumpe |language=fr-FR |archive-date=13 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113234310/https://www.crumpe.com/2023/04/gangs-of-lagos-director-jade-osiberu-on-making-nigerias-first-gangster-epic/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abakinnyi ba firime bagamije gufata ingufu zidasanzwe za Isale Eko, bakoresheje ahantu nyaburanga kugirango bashire inkuru mubuzima bwa buri munsi mubuzima bwa Lagos. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=The Culture |date=26 April 2023 |title='Gangs of Lagos' Director Jáde Osiberu on Making Nigeria's First Gangster Epic |url=https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/gangs-of-lagos-director-jade-osiberu-on-making-nigerias-first-gangster-epic/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=The Culture Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-05 |title=Gangs of Lagos: A Street Opera From the Mean Streets of Nigeria |url=https://www.original-cin.ca/posts/2023/4/5/gangs-of-lagos-a-street-opera-from-the-mean-streets-of-nigeria |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Original Cin |language=en-US}}</ref> Usibye Isale Eko, ibindibice byo muri Lagos byakoreshejwe mu kurasa, harimo uduce nka Lekki na Surulere . Ibibibanza byatanze amakuru atandukanye yerekanaga itandukaniro ry’imibereho n’ubukungu muri Lagos, kuva mu turere two hejuru kugera mu duce dutuwe cyane. <ref name=":1" /> '''Gushaka Abakinnyi''' Filime yakoresheje abanyempano bo muri nigeria zaho yaba imbere n' imyuma ya kamera. Abagize itsinda, barimo Tobi Bakre, Adesua Etomi-Wellington, na Chike, bazanye ibikorwa byabo mubuzima, bashyigikiwe nitsinda ryababyaye ryerekana umujyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangs of Lagos' Offers a Deeper Look into the Nigerian Society |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/gangs-of-lagos-offers-a-deeper-look-into-the-nigerian-society/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2021, ''Pulse NG'' yatangajwe kourutonde rugufi rwagutse rugashyiramo Pasuma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pasuma joins 'Gangs of Lagos' cast [See photos] {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/pasuma-joins-gangs-of-lagos-cast-see-photos-2024081816223811937 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> Mu gihe cyo gukorana na firime, Osiberu yasobanuye icyemezo yafashe cyo kongera Pasuma na Zlatan mu bakinnyi, agira ati: "Pasuma afite amateka maremare yo gukina. Kuva twarasa muri Isale Eko, ninde wundi ushobora guhura neza? Pasuma atunganye kuri iyi si." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why I featured Pasuma, Zlatan in 'Gangs of Lagos'- Jade Osiberu |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/592220-why-i-featured-pasuma-zlatan-in-gangs-of-lagos-jade-osiberu.html |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolawa |first=Pelumi |date=2023-04-06 |title=Jade Osiberu: Why I featured Pasuma, Chike, Zlatan in 'Gangs of Lagos' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/jade-osiberu-why-i-featured-pasuma-chike-zlatan-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Mukiganiro na <nowiki><i id="mwAT0">Daily Post</i></nowiki>, Tobi yavuze ibitekerezo bijyanye nokwitegura uruhare rwenka Obalola mu ''gatsiko ka Lagos'' . Yagaragaje ko bwari ubwa mbere akina umuntu uyobora kandi akishora mu buryo bwuzuye kugira ngo agire uruhare. Yatekereje kunzira ye mbere yogufata amashusho, yaravuze ati: "Ku gatsiko ka Lagos, byari ingorabahizi kuko, ku nshuro ya mbere, naretse ndagenda rwose. Nari numvise umuziki ubabaje cyane kugira ngahuze n'amarangamutima yumuntu. Indirimbo imwe igaragara kuri njye nindirimbo ya Celia' ya Tiwa Savage, ntabwo ari amarangamutima cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Itodo |first=Sunny Green |date=2023-04-09 |title=I drank strong alcohol, went to graveyard to play role in 'Gangs of Lagos' - Tobi Bakre |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/09/i-drank-strong-alcohol-went-to-graveyard-to-play-role-in-gangs-of-lagos-tobi-bakre/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> === Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umusaruro n'ibibazo === Igishushanyo mbonera ''cya Gang of Lagos'' cyerekana ubwiza bwumujyi. Iri tsinda ryibanze cyane kumakuru arambuye nka palette palette, ubwubatsi, nimihanda yo kumuhanda kugirango habeho kwerekana neza ubuzima bwumujyi wa Lagos. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jadesola Osiberu Excites with 'Gang of Lagos' – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/03/jadesola-osiberu-excites-with-gang-of-lagos/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> Amashusho yerekana sinema, yayobowe na Olumuyiwa Oyedele, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise and Rise of Nigerian Cinematographer Olumuyiwa Oyedele – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/30/the-rise-and-rise-of-nigerian-cinematographer-olumuyiwa-oyedele/#:~:text=Nigeria%20%7C%202%20years%20ago,videos,%20documentaries,%20and%20more. |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> yashimangiye kokamera igenda ifata ingufu n’akajagari mu mihanda ya Lagos. Ububuryo bwakoreshejwe mugukora ubunararibonye, butuma abareba bumva ko ari bimwe mubidukikije bigenda bihindagurika byerekana ubuzima bwabantu. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangs of Lagos' Offers a Deeper Look into the Nigerian Society |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/gangs-of-lagos-offers-a-deeper-look-into-the-nigerian-society/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Mugihe cyo gutunganya amashuho, abakora amafilime bahuye nibibazo mugihe bafataga amashusho mu duce twinshi twa Lagos, cyane cyane muma ghetto . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayodele |first=Racheal |date=18 April 2023 |title=We settled area boys to allow us shoot 'Gangs of Lagos' in ghetto - Chioma Akpotha |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/18/we-settled-area-boys-to-allow-us-shoot-gangs-of-lagos-in-ghetto-chioma-akpotha/ |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Chioma Akpotha, umwe mubakinnyi bakomeye muri iyifilime, yatangaje kabo bakozi bagombaga kwishora mu " bahungu bo mu karere ", ijambo rikunze gukoreshwa muriNijeriya kugira ngo risobanure amatsinda y’abasore bakunze kugenzura ibikorwa mumijyi imwe nimwe, kugira ngo bafate amashusho neza. <ref name=":2"/> == Umuziki == Tolu Obanro yahimbye amanota yifilime, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangs of Lagos Soundtrack (2023) |url=https://www.soundtrack.net/album/gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.soundtrack.net}}</ref> yasohowe na Studiyo ya Greoh. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Music Site - Gangs of Lagos Soundtrack |url=https://www.filmmusicsite.com/en/soundtracks.cgi?id=104997 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.filmmusicsite.com |language=en}}</ref> Umuziki ufungura umurongo wahawe amashimwe ni ''Ikinyamakuru kavukire'' kivuga ko ari "igitangaza." Obanro atekereza ku byoyaremye, yaragize ati: "Nashakaga gukora amanota yumvaga ari manini kandi manini." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Dennis Ade |date=14 April 2023 |title=The complimentary touch of the music in 'Gangs of Lagos' |url=https://thenativemag.com/gangs-of-lagos-music-selection/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> Amajwi nayo agaragaza indirimbo yinyongera ya Chike . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Animashaun |first=Damilola |date=2023-04-18 |title=NATIVE Selects: New Music from Bayanni, Chike, Erigga & More |url=https://thenativemag.com/native-selects-bayanni-chike-erigga/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kurekura no gukwirakwiza == Yerekanwe bwambere ''mw''' iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 2022 rya Toronto ku ya 11 Nzeri <ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangs of Lagos' screens at Toronto International Film Festival {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/gangs-of-lagos-screens-at-toronto-international-film-festival/g35z0en |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wheeler |first=Sydney |date=15 April 2023 |title="Gangs of Lagos": The First Amazon Original Movie from Africa Premiered Last Night in NYC |url=https://theknockturnal.com/gangs-of-lagos-the-first-amazon-original-movie-from-africa-premiered-last-night-in-nyc/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=The Knockturnal |language=en}}</ref> nkimwe muri filime <ref>{{Cite web |title=Most Anticipated Nollywood Film, Gang of Lagos Debuts on April 7 – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/03/20/most-anticipated-nollywood-film-gang-of-lagos-debuts-on-april-7/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangs of Lagos: London & New York tastemaker screenings {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/gangs-of-lagos-london-and-new-york-tastemaker-screenings/8q06cjn |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> Nijeriya zasohotse kurubuga rwa interineti mu wego rwo gushora Amazone muri Nollywood . <ref name=":9"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2023 |title=Amazon Prime premiers first African original movie in Lagos |url=https://businessday.ng/arts-and-life/article/amazon-prime-premiers-first-african-original-movie-in-lagos/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Isohora ryafilime ryagaragaje intambwe igaragara mubufatanye hagati yabakora amafilime yomuri Nijeriya na serivisi zitanga amakuru kwisi, bituma Nollywood igera ku bantu mpuzamahanga. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=7 April 2023 |title='Nigerians Want It All': Inside the Glitzy Premiere of Prime Video's First African Original, Crime Thriller 'Gangs of Lagos' |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/amazon-prime-video-nigeria-gangs-of-lagos-premiere-1235576463/ |access-date=8 April 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwakira == === Box office === ''Gangs of Lagos'' yinjije miliyoni 230 z'amapound muriNijeriya. Muminsi 20 yambere igisohoka muri 2023, film imaze kubona abantu 15.000. <ref name=":0"/> === Igisubizo gikomeye === Seyi Lasisi womuri ''Afrocritik'' yahaye iyifilime inyenyeri 3/5 maze aravuga ati: " ''Gangs of Lagos'', kimwe na Brotherhood, ntabwo ari ibihimbano. Ni ubushakashatsi bwa sinema kumibereho yacu nkabanyanijeriya. Irerekana ibyangiritse imiryango ya Nigeriya ndetse n'Abanyanijeriya bahatirwa guhamya igihe guverinoma ititaye ku iterambere no gukemura ibibazo by'imibereho". <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=10 April 2023 |title="Gangs of Lagos" Review: In Jade Osiberu's Crime Thriller, Pre-Electoral Manipulation, Defeated Dreams, and Friendship Take Center Stage - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/gangs-of-lagos-review-in-jade-osiberus/ |access-date=7 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Shola-Adido Oladotun wo muri ''Premium Times'' yashimye ''Gangs of Lagos'', avuga ko " ikorwa rayamashusho riri mu rwego rwo hejuru, ku buryo ibintu bitandukanye bituma burigice gisa neza kandi gikwiranye nubwoko bwacyo." Yagaragaje kobahisemo ahantu heza, agira ati: "Biratangaje kubona iyifilime yafatiwe amashusho ahantu nyaburanga muri Isale Eko ." Icyakora, Oladotun yagaragaje kiyi filime ishobora kuba yarakoze neza nkuruhererekane rwa televiziyo, kuko yarigutuma habaho iterambere ryimbitse, atari kuri Obalola na Impano gusa ahubwo noku bantu bavugwa nka Kazeem. Yerekanye filime 8/10 inyenyeri. Emma Vine womuri ''Ready Steady Cut'' yavuze ko iyi filime ari "ikinamico <ref>{{Cite web |title=MOVIE REVIEW: Gangs of Lagos: Finally, a crime thriller that captures Isale Eko's reality |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/592330-movie-review-gangs-of-lagos-finally-a-crime-thriller-that-captures-isale-ekos-reality.html |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref>, iteye ubwoba izahita ushora imari mu nkuru n'imiterere yayo." Yashimye imirimo ya kamera, sinema, ndetse n’imikorere y'abakinnyi. Vine yashimangiye ko imwe mu mitungo "itangaje" ya filime ari isano itangaje hagati yabakinnyi bakuze na bagenzi babo bato, ikintu gikunze kwirengagizwa ariko cyingenzi mugukora film byongera cyane kwizera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vine |first=Emma |date=8 April 2023 |title=Gangs of Lagos Review - Amazon Prime's first African Original is a compelling, gritty crime drama |url=https://readysteadycut.com/2023/04/08/gangs-of-lagos-review/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Ready Steady Cut |language=en-GB}}</ref> Johnny Loftus umunyamakuru wa ''Decider'' yashimye imikorere yabakinnyi bo muri''Gangs of Lagos'', cyane cyane agaragaza Tobi Bakre, Adesua Etomi-Wellington, na Chike Ezekpeazu-Osebuka. Yagaragaje uburyo Chike yerekana Ify, umuntu wavutse mubuzima bw’agatsiko nubwo yifuzaga cyane kunyura mubundi buryo, nkogukinira kuri stage nki ntumbero ye, Panama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title='Gangs of Lagos' Amazon Prime Video Review: Stream It Or Skip It? |url=https://decider.com/2023/04/13/gangs-of-lagos-amazon-prime-video-review/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Liam Lacey womuri ''Original-Cin'' yahaye iy filime amanota B, avuga ko "ariyo bihebuje cyane iyo itandukanije umuco wa Scorsese-Coppola kugira ngo itange kunegura bikabije ikigo cya politiki cyo muri Nijeriya." <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Gangs of Lagos: A Street Opera From the Mean Streets of Nigeria |url=https://www.original-cin.ca/posts/2023/4/5/gangs-of-lagos-a-street-opera-from-the-mean-streets-of-nigeria |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Original Cin |language=en-US}}</ref> === Amashimwe === ''Gangs of Lagos'' katsindiye ibihembo byinshi ndetse nogushimwa, harimo kumenyekana nkafilime nziza yomuri Nijeriya ndetse ningaruka nziza zerekanwa mu bihembo bya 2023 bya Afurika bya Sinema . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2023 |title=AMAA 2023 Nominations List - Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2023-nominations-list/ |access-date=31 October 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=5 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005083543/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2023-nominations-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=11 May 2024 |title=[ICMYI]FULL LIST: AMVCA 2024 nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-amvca-2024-nominations/ |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Adesua Etomi-Wellington yegukanye igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza witwaye neza . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=28 October 2023 |title=AMAA 2023: Who wins Best Actor and Actress in a leading role crest? |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/amaa-2023-who-wins-best-actor-and-actress-in-a-leading-role-crest/ |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangs of Lagos (2023) Awards & Festivals |url=https://mubi.com/en/films/gangs-of-lagos/awards |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=mubi.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anichukwueze |first=Donatus |date=21 September 2023 |title=FULL LIST: Gangs Of Lagos, Anikulapo, Brotherhood, Others For 2023 AMAA Awards |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/09/21/full-list-gangs-of-lagos-anikulapo-brotherhood-others-for-2023-amaa-awards/ |archive-date= |access-date=31 October 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Urutonde rw'ishimwe yakiriwe ''n'Agatsiko ka Lagos'' ! Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Igisubizo |- | rowspan="5" | 2023 | rowspan="5" | Ibihembo bya African Movie Academy Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza mu mwanya wambere - Adesua Etomi-Wellington|{{won}} |- | Umukinnyi mwiza / Umukinnyi usezerana - Maleek Sanni|{{won}} |- | Ingaruka Nziza Zigaragara - Emmanuel Bassey|{{won}} |- | Makiya nziza - Omowunmi Okungbure|{{nom}} |- | Filime nziza ya Nigeriya - ''Agatsiko ka Lagos''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" | 2023 | Igihembo cyigihugu cyamafirime na videwo | Filime nziza ya Nigeriya - ''Agatsiko ka Lagos''|{{nom}} |} == Impaka == [[Dosiye:Eyo_Iga_Jump.jpg|thumb|246x246px|Abanya Lagos benshi bagaragaje ko abakora amafilime bagaragaje ko batubaha Eyo Masquerade gakondo]] Kugaragaza iyifilime no kuranga masike ya Eyo, ikintu cyingenzi mu muco womuri Lagos, byagaragaye ko bitavugwaho rumwe. Benshi mu babajijwe kumbuga nkoranyambaga bumvise kabakora amafilime bagaragaje kobatubaha ikigo gakondo ayomasikare arimo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Controversy trails depiction of Eyo in "Gangs of Lagos" |url=https://punchng.com/controversy-trails-depiction-of-eyo-in-gangs-of-lagos/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=punching.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title="Gangs of Lagos": Controversies trail portrayal of Eyo masquerade |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/gangs-of-lagos-controversies-trail-portrayal-of-eyo-masquerade/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=newtelegraphng.com}}</ref> Itsinda rimwe ry’Abanya Lagos ryateye ubwoba urubanza rusubizwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Lagos indigenes threaten lawsuit over Eyo masquerades portrayal in new movie |url=https://dailytrust.com/lagos-indigenes-threaten-lawsuit-over-eyo-masquerades-portrayal-in-new-movie/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> irindi rirakurikira maze bajyana ikibazo murukiko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=Court approves N 10 billion fine application against "Gangs of Lagos" producers |url=https://barristerng.com/court-approves-n10billion-fine-application-against-gangs-of-lagos-producers/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=barristerng.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AriseNews |date=21 May 2023 |title=Isale Eko Descendants Seek Imposition of N10bn Fine on 'Gangs of Lagos' Producers |url=https://www.arise.tv/isale-eko-descendants-seek-imposition-of-n10bn-fine-on-gangs-of-lagos-producers/#google_vignette |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref> Reno Omokri yanenze iyifilime "avuga ko isebanya," munyandiko yanditse ku ubuga rwa Twitter yanditse ko amashusho yayo atesha agaciro isura ya Nijeriya, aravuga ati: "Kwamamaza igihugu cyawe ukoresheje filime nkiyi ni nko gukubita umwobo mu bwato urimo nku umugenzi. Ninde utsinzwe?" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Itodo |first=Sunny Green |date=20 April 2023 |title='Gangs of Lagos' movie demarketed Nigeria - Reno Omokri |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/20/gangs-of-lagos-movie-demarketed-nigeria-reno-omokri/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ugbodaga |first=Kazeem |date=21 April 2023 |title='Gang of Lagos' movie de-markets Lagos, Nigeria - Reno Omokri |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/04/21/gang-of-lagos-movie-de-markets-lagos-nigeria-reno-omokri/ |website=pmnewsnigeria}}</ref> Mubanamaganye iyifilime kurizo mpamvu harimo guverinoma yaLeta ya Lagos, <ref>{{Cite web |title="Gangs of Lagos": Isale-Eko union, Lagos govt. condemn portrayal of Eyo masquerade |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/593135-gangs-of-lagos-isale-eko-union-lagos-govt-condemn-portrayal-of-eyo-masquerade.html |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=preniumtimesng.com}}</ref> umuryango wibwami wa Kosoko womuri Lagos, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2023 |title="Gangs of Lagos": Controversies mount over portrayal of Eyo |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/gangs-of-lagos-controversies-mount-over-depiction-of-eyo/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=newtelegraphng.com}}</ref> Umuyobozi mukuru Adebola Dosunmu wo mu muryango w’ibwami wa Dosunmu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title="Gangs of Lagos": "If anything happens to you, carry your cross" - Lagos chief warns against the portrayal of Eyo |url=https://guardian.ng/life/gangs-of-lagos-if-anything-happens-to-you-carry-your-cross-lagos-chief-warns-against-the-portrayal-of-eyo/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> hamwe numukambwe wikirangirire wa Nollywood , Jide Kosoko ukora muburyo bwihariye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=""Gangs of Lagos" desecrates people's culture" - Jide Kosoko, royal families |url=https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/gangs-of-lagos-desecrates-peoples-culture-jide-kosoko-royal-families/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=theculturenewspaper.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Ripples |date=13 April 2023 |title=Movie, Gangs Of Lagos, disrespectful, desecrates Lagos culture —Jide Kosoko |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/movie-gangs-of-lagos-disrespectful-desecrates-lagos-culture-jide-kosoko/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Latest Nigeria News {{!}} Top Stories from Ripples Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> umuyobozi wacyo yasobanuye ko bidahawe ububasha bwo kugenzura amafilime na televiziyo byerekanwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, nubwo ubugororangingo bwemewe n'amategeko bwo kubuha ubwo butegetsi Inteko ishinga amategeko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2023 |title=Insensitive portrayal |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/insensitive-portrayal/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=thenationonlineng.net}}</ref> Muri Mata mumwaka wa 2023, guverinoma yaleta ya Lagos nabayobozi gakondo banenze filime ''Gangs of Lagos'' kubera kwerekana umurage ndangamuco wa leta. Guverinoma yamaganye umusaruro "udasanzwe uyobya," yemeza ko ugaragaza umuco wa Lagos mu buryo bwo gusebanya. Uzamat Akinbile-Yussuf, Komiseri waLeta ushinzwe ubukerarugendo, ubuhanzi, numuco womuri Lagos, yatangaje ko ahangayikishijwe nimiterere yiyi filime, avuga ko yasebeje amateka n’imigenzo ya Lagos kandi ko yarenganyije abaturage bayo ko ari ubugome. Yagaragaje imiterere yera y’umunsi mukuru wa Eyo, ashimangira ko ari umuhango udasanzwe wo gutambuka ku banyacyubahiro bo muri Lagos. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=14 April 2023 |title=Lagos Govt slams 'Gangs of Lagos' film as a disrespectful attack on our heritage |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/04/14/lagos-govt-slams-gangs-of-lagos-film-as-a-disrespectful-attack-on-our-heritage// |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Africanews |language=en |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007130502/https://www.africanews.com/2023/04/14/lagos-govt-slams-gangs-of-lagos-film-as-a-disrespectful-attack-on-our-heritage// |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muburyo nkubwo, Oba y'i Lagos, Rilwan Aremu Akiolu, yavuze kiyi filime isebanya kandi ko ari igitambo, anenga ivuga ko Eyo ari udutsiko twabagizi uruhare m bwicanyi nogutera ubwoba abaturage. Yasabye ko Amazon Web Services, Sitidiyo ya Greoh, hamwe n’abatunganya iyifilime bakuraho amashusho yose ya Eyo muryii firime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogundepo |first=Janet |date=8 July 2023 |title=Remove Eyo from Gangs of Lagos, Oba of Lagos tells producers |url=https://punchng.com/remove-eyo-from-gangs-of-lagos-oba-of-lagos-tells-producers/#google_vignette |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AriseNews |date=9 July 2023 |title=Gangs of Lagos Movie Sacrilegious to Our Cultural Heritage Rights, Oba of Lagos Alleges |url=https://www.arise.tv/gangs-of-lagos-movie-sacrilegious-to-our-cultural-heritage-rights-oba-of-lagos-alleges/#google_vignette |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref> Amazon Web Services yo muri Nigeriya, ishami rya Amazon Inc. akaba ari yashinze Prime Video Nigeriya, yatangaje koyasubije ihazabu ingana na miliyari 10 zamapound yaciwe kumusaruro wayo nubumwe bwabakozi ba Isale Eko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-24 |title='Gangs Of Lagos' Producers Face ₦10 Billion Lawsuit From Isale Eko Indigenes - BlueprintAfric |url=https://blueprintafric.com/news/gangs-of-lagos-producers-face-%E2%82%A610-billion-lawsuit-from-isale-eko-indigenes/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202115756/https://blueprintafric.com/news/gangs-of-lagos-producers-face-%E2%82%A610-billion-lawsuit-from-isale-eko-indigenes/ |archive-date=2023-12-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Isale Eko indigenes want to sue 'Gangs Of Lagos' producers for ₦10 billion {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/isale-eko-indigenes-want-to-sue-gangs-of-lagos-producers-for-naira10-billion-2024072611493296327 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207095848/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/isale-eko-indigenes-want-to-sue-gangs-of-lagos-producers-for-naira10-billion-2024072611493296327 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amazon yemeje kifilime yayo, ''Gangs of Lagos'', ntacyo yangiza umuntu cyangwa itsinda. Isosiyete kandi yamaganye ubuyobozi bugenzura guverinoma ya Lagos muriki kibazo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Gang of Lagos: Amazon claims film not injurious to anyone |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/07/gang-of-lagos-amazon-claims-film-not-injurious-to-anyone/ |website=vanguardngr}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Gangs of Lagos at IMDb  [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] f1vbyt0iswvmpp3vpln7cg5qauwzk9e 0 20814 149296 124992 2026-11-07T20:05:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149296 wikitext text/x-wiki     Mu Gihugu cya [[Irilande|Repubulika ya Irilande]], abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabasha gusoma neza (dyslexia), cyane cyane abana bo mu mashuri, bashobora gufashwa n’uburyo butandukanye burimo: gufashwa kwigira ku giti cyabo n’abarimu b’inzobere mu myigishirize, <ref name="ITNov16">{{Cite news |last=McGuire |first=Peter |date=24 November 2015 |title=A Testing System for Students with Difficulties |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/a-testing-system-for-leaving-cert-students-with-difficulties-1.2436860 |archive-url= |access-date=25 October 2023 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref>gukoresha ibikoresho bya mudasobwa bifite ubushobozi bwo gusoma inyandiko (text-to-speech), gukosora inyuguti no guhanga amagambo (word prediction); ndetse no gukoresha amataratara afite amabara n’izindi ngamba nyinshi zitandukanye. <ref name="SESS">{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Dyslexia |url=http://www.sess.ie/categories/specific-learning-disabilities/dyslexia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007213641/http://www.sess.ie/categories/specific-learning-disabilities/dyslexia |archive-date=7 October 2015 |access-date=29 November 2015 |publisher=Special Education Support Service}}</ref> Uburyo buhitamo gufasha umuntu bushingira ku mimerere ye yihariye. Abantu bo muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru bafashwa na serivisi zitangwa n’imiryango ishinzwe gufasha abafite Dyslexia mu Bwongereza . == Uburezi bwibanze == === Imfashanyigisho === Ukurikije urwego rwubumuga, abanyeshuri barashobora guhabwa inkunga nubufasha bwihariye akeneye . === Gusonerwa ururimi rwa Irilande === Ururimi rw’<nowiki><b>Igihugu rwa Irlande (Irish)</b></nowiki> ni isomo ribanza kandi risabwa ku banyeshuri bose. Ariko, abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutabasha gusoma neza (dyslexia) bashobora gusaba gusonerwa iri somo, kugira ngo bibande ku kwiga ururimi rw’Icyongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Irish Exemption |url=http://www.education.ie/en/Parents/Information/Irish-Exemption/Irish-Exemption.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524105214/http://www.education.ie/en/Parents/Information/Irish-Exemption/Irish-Exemption.html |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=29 November 2016 |publisher=[[Department of Education and Youth|Department of Education]]}}</ref> === Ibizamini === Abanyeshuri bakeneye ubufasha mu gukora ibizamini bya leta (nk’abandikira ibisubizo cyangwa abakoresha poroseseur yo kwandika ku mudasobwa) bashobora gusaba uburenganzira bwo koroherezwa binyuze muri gahunda yitwa Reasonable Accommodation in the Certificate Examinations (RACE). <ref name="ITNov16">{{Cite news |last=McGuire |first=Peter |date=24 November 2015 |title=A Testing System for Students with Difficulties |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/a-testing-system-for-leaving-cert-students-with-difficulties-1.2436860 |archive-url= |access-date=25 October 2023 |work=[[The Irish Times]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcGuire2015">McGuire, Peter (24 November 2015). [https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/a-testing-system-for-leaving-cert-students-with-difficulties-1.2436860 "A Testing System for Students with Difficulties"]. ''[[The Irish Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2015, abanyeshuri bagera kuri 9,000 ni bo bakeneye ubu bufasha. <ref name="ITNov16" /> === Urwego rwa gatatu === Abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bahabwa ubufasha bwihariye ndetse n’uburyo bwo kwinjira muri kaminuza n'amashuri makuru binyuze muri gahunda yitwa Disability Access Route to Education (DARE). <ref name="IndoNov16">{{Cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Katherine |date=10 November 2016 |title=Easing the path to college for dyslexic students |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/education/going-to-college/easing-the-path-to-college-for-dyslexic-students-35198878.html |access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref> Mu rwego rw’iyi gahunda, dyslexia is recognized nka ubumuga bwihariye mu myigire (Specific Learning Difficulty – SLD). <ref name="IndoNov16" /> Amwe mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza ateganyiriza imyanya yihariye aba banyeshuri, ku buryo rimwe na rimwe ayo myanya ihabwa abatsindiye amanota make kurusha asabwa muri gahunda isanzwe ya CAO (Central Applications Office). == Reba == {{Reflist}}{{dyslexia}}{{Europe topic|name=Education in Europe|prefix=Education in|template=yes}} gw68wle1qckkjashkpmrfo4v94y3md0 0 20853 149297 146588 2026-11-07T20:06:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149297 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:MAD_BS_Moon_fixtures_(cropped_2).jpg|thumb|Ikibaho cyorohereza abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona muri ascenceur(elevator/lift)]] '''Braille''' ( /ˈ b r eɪ l / BRAYL, ) ni uburyo bwo kwandika bwitondewe bukoreshwa n'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Ishobora gusomwa haba ku mpapuro zometse ku bintu cyangwa ukoresheje disikuru ishobora kuvugururwa ihuza mudasobwa n'ibikoresho bya telefone. Braille ira shobora kwandikwa ukoresheje icyapa na stylus, umwanditsi w'impapuro, [[Perkins Brailler|icyuma cya]] elegitoronike cyangwa ukoresheje mudasobwa ihujwe [[Braille embosser|n'udushushanyo twa braille]]. Ku basomyi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, braille ni uburyo bwigenga bwo kwandika, aho kuba code y'imyandikire yanditswe. <ref name="D&B">{{Cite book |last=Daniels |first=Peter T. |date=1996 |title=The World's Writing Systems |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937 |last2=Bright |first2=William |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7 |location=Oxford; New York |pages=817{{ndash}}818}}</ref> Braille yitiriwe uwayikoze, Louis Braille, Umufaransa wabuze amaso kubera impanuka yagize mu bwana bwe. Mu 1824, afite imyaka cumi n'itanu, yateje imbere code ya braille ishingiye ku nyuguti z'igifaransa nk'iterambere mu kwandika nijoro. Yasohoye sisitemu ye, nyuma y'aho harimo no kumenyekanisha umuziki, mu 1829.Ishyirwamo rya kabiri ryasohotse mu 1837 ni ryo ryabaye uburyo bwa mbere bw'inyandiko bushingiye ku mibare ibiri(binary)bwakozwe mu gihe cya none. Inyuguti z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona zakozwe hakoreshejwe guhuza utudomo dutandatu twazamuye dutondekanye muri 3&nbsp;×&nbsp;Matrix 2, bita selile ya braille. Umubare na gahunda by'ududomo bitandukanya inyuguti n'indi. Kubera ko inyuguti zinyuranye za braille zatangiye nk'imyandikire yo kwandikwa yanditse, amakarita (ibice byerekana imiterere) aratandukanye bitewe n'ururimi, ndetse no muri rumwe; mucyongereza braille hari inzego eshatu:Inyandiko ya braille yuzuye – inyuguti ku yindi ikoreshwa mu gusoma no kwandika;inyandiko ya Braille yo ku rwego rwa gatatu, ikoresha uburyo bwihariye kandi butemewe mu rwego rusange, bukoreshwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo nk'uburyo bwo kwandika byihuse. Ibyiyongera ku nyandiko ya braille (inyuguti, utumenyetso, impine), birashoboka kandi gukora amashusho ashushanyije ndetse n'imigaragire y'amakuru(graph), hamwe n'imirongo yaba ikomeye cyangwa ikozwe mu rukurikirane rw'ubudomo, imyambi, n'amasasu manini kuruta utudomo twa braille. Akazi ka braille kuzuye karimo utudomo dutandatu twazamuye dutondekanye mu nkingi ebyiri, buri nkingi ifite utudomo dutatu. Imyanya y'akadomo igaragazwa n'imibare kuva <ref name="Raised Dots">{{Cite web |title=The Dot Positions in the braille cell Are Identified by Numbers from One Through Six |url=http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308024822/http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=AFB.org}}</ref> kuri umwe kugeza kuri itandatu. <ref name="Raised Dots" /> Hariho uburyo 64 bushoboka, harimo nta kadomo na gato ku mwanya w'ijambo. <ref name="Braille System">{{Cite web |title=Louis Braille and the Braille System |url=https://www.duxburysystems.com/braille.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061848/https://www.duxburysystems.com/braille.asp |archive-date=16 August 2018 |access-date=16 August 2018 |website=duxburysystems.com}}</ref> Utudomo twiboneza dushobora gukoreshwa duhagarariye inyuguti, imibare, akamenyetso, cyangwa ijambo. <ref name="Raised Dots" /> Kwiga braille hakiri kare ni ingirakamaro mu gusoma no kwandika, uburezi n'akazi ku babana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona. Hatatiwe ku ihindagurika ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya, harimo na porogaramu isoma ecran isoma amakuru mu ijwi riranguruye, braille ifasha ababana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona kubona imyandikire, utumenyetso n'izindi ngingo z'ururimi rwanditse bitagerwaho binyuze mu majwi gusa. Mu gihe bamwe basabye ko tekinoroji ishingiye kumajwi izagabanya gukenera braille, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga nka braille yerekanwe ryakomeje gutuma braille irushaho kuboneka no gukoresha byoroshye. Abakoresha Braille bagaragaza ko braille ikomeza kuba nk'ibyingenzi ku bareba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World Blind Union |title=Press Release: The importance of Braille Literacy |url=https://www.iapb.org/news/press-release-the-importance-of-braille-literacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201005754/https://www.iapb.org/news/press-release-the-importance-of-braille-literacy/ |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} c9k3ybmx155wx7x3dpuw6i1g788qxjv 0 21029 149212 146958 2026-11-07T19:10:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August, Inc.''' ni sosiyete yo San Francisco, ikora mu bijyanye no gucunga ibikorwa bw'amazu (home automation),yibanda ku byuma bifunga imiryango bihuzwa na WI-FI. Isosiyete yashinzwe mu Gushyingo 2012 na Yves Béhar na Jason Johnson. Ku ya 19 Ukwakira 2017, uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa rwo muri Suwede Assa Abloy rwatangaje kugura urugo rwa Kanama. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Balakrishnan |first=Anita |last2=Haselton |first2=Todd |date=19 October 2017 |title=August Home, a hot Silicon Valley smart home start-up, acquired by the company that makes Yale locks |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/19/assa-abloy-buys-august-home.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031000949/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/19/assa-abloy-buys-august-home.html |archive-date=31 October 2017 |access-date=30 October 2017 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Amasezerano yarangiye mu Kuboza 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=5 December 2017 |title=How Assa Abloy's August acquisition could unlock in-home deliveries globally |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/12/05/how-assa-abloys-august-acquisition-could-unlock-in-home-deliveries-globally/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207154216/https://venturebeat.com/2017/12/05/how-assa-abloys-august-acquisition-could-unlock-in-home-deliveries-globally/ |archive-date=7 December 2017 |access-date=5 December 2017 |work=[[VentureBeat]]}}</ref> Kugeza muri Nyakanga 2018, August Home yari imaze kugurisha miliyoni imwe zifunga ubwenge na kamera. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Potuck |first=Michael |date=18 July 2018 |title=August touts 1 million smart lock and door bell camera customers since 2013 |url=https://9to5mac.com/2018/07/18/august-1-million-customers-smart-locks/ |access-date=3 August 2018 |work=9to5Mac}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa == Muri Gicurasi 2013, Kanama yasohoye ubwenge bwabo bwa mbere. <ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Terrence |date=29 May 2013 |title=August: the beautiful, Yves Behar-designed $199 smart lock |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/05/29/august-smart-lock/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005948/https://www.engadget.com/2013/05/29/august-smart-lock/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=12 October 2017 |work=[[Engadget]]}}</ref> bifite ikariso yicyuma kandi yagenzurwaga hakoreshejwe Bluetooth 4.0 hamwe na porogaramu ya terefone. ku zindi nzugi zifunga urugi rwo muri Kanama, igikoresho gifata kuri deadbolt ihari ku gice cyimbere cyumuryango, iracyemerera gukoresha urufunguzo gakondo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Wasserman |first=Todd |date=30 May 2013 |title=Use Your Phone to Open Your Door with the August Smart Lock |url=http://mashable.com/2013/05/30/august-smart-lock/#jVEkT2iA_aqW |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135830/http://mashable.com/2013/05/30/august-smart-lock/#jVEkT2iA_aqW |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=12 October 2017 |work=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> Nyuma yaho, hagiye hanze igikoresho cya Wi-Fi bridge cyemerera gufungura umuryango hifashishijwe kure (remote access) no gukoresha mufasha wa Virtual (Virtual assistant) (nka Amazon Alexa). <ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Terrence |date=1 July 2015 |title=August Connect adds internet connectivity to its smart lock |url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/01/07/august-connect/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005925/https://www.engadget.com/2015/01/07/august-connect/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=12 October 2017 |work=Engadget}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2015, isosiyete yatangije urutonde rwibicuruzwa bishya birimo igisekuru cya kabiri gifunga ubwenge, inzogera yo mu muryango, hamwe na kanda ya kode kubakoresha badafite terefone. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Clover |first=Juli |date=14 October 2015 |title=August Announces New Smart Lock With HomeKit Integration |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2015/10/14/august-smart-lock-homekit-integration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206135952/https://www.macrumors.com/2015/10/14/august-smart-lock-homekit-integration/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=MacRumors}}</ref> Isosiyete yatangaje kandi Kanama Access, urubuga rwo kureka abatwara ubutumwa ba Postmates, Handy, nizindi serivisi babasha kugera kumugozi binyuze kode imwe. Serivisi <ref>{{Cite news |last=Olanoff |first=Drew |date=14 October 2015 |title=August Debuts Three Products And Its Partner Platform 'August Access' |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/14/august-debuts-three-new-products-and-its-partner-platform-august-access/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919093553/https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/14/august-debuts-three-new-products-and-its-partner-platform-august-access/ |archive-date=19 September 2017 |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> kugirango ishyire Walmart ku masoko yatoranijwe yo muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Newman |first=Peter |date=25 September 2017 |title=Walmart and August are teaming up to leverage smart locks for deliveries |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-august-smart-locks-deliveries-2017-9?op=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074613/http://www.businessinsider.com/walmart-august-smart-locks-deliveries-2017-9?op=1 |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=30 October 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> HomeKit verisiyo ijyanye no gufunga nayo yasohotse umwaka ukurikira. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Delaney |first=John R. |date=14 June 2016 |title=August Smart Lock HomeKit Enabled |url=https://www.pcmag.com/review/345177/august-smart-lock-homekit-enabled |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816202719/https://www.pcmag.com/review/345177/august-smart-lock-homekit-enabled |archive-date=16 August 2017 |access-date=30 October 2017 |work=[[PC Magazine]]}}</ref> Verisiyo ihendutse yo gufunga ubwenge yasohotse muri 2017, hamwe na Z-Wave ihuza igenewe kwishyiriraho umwuga. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanian |first=Jonathan |date=19 September 2017 |title=August Debuts Cheaper Smart Locks for the Masses |url=http://fortune.com/2017/09/19/august-smart-locks-cheaper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024174141/http://fortune.com/2017/09/19/august-smart-locks-cheaper/ |archive-date=24 October 2017 |access-date=30 October 2017 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref> Ifunga rishya kandi ryongeyeho ibyuma byerekana ibyuma kugirango umenye niba umuryango ufunguye cyangwa ufunze. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelly |first=Heather |date=19 September 2017 |title=New August smart locks know who's coming and going |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/09/19/technology/gadgets/august-locks/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074448/https://money.cnn.com/2017/09/19/technology/gadgets/august-locks/index.html |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=30 October 2017 |work=[[CNNMoney]]}}</ref> Porogaramu yo muri Kanama yagutse igera ku gufunga Yale na Emtek muri Mutarama <ref>{{Cite news |last=Price |first=Molly |date=9 January 2018 |title=August Access expands home delivery service with Deliv |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/august-access-expands-home-delivery-service/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109163020/https://www.cnet.com/news/august-access-expands-home-delivery-service/ |archive-date=9 January 2018 |access-date=9 January 2018 |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]}}</ref> == Ibibazo by'umutekano == Muri Kanama 2016, hacker yingofero yerekana intege nke hamwe na kode yo muri Kanama inshuro imwe yemerera umuntu kuyikoresha igihe kirangiye muri DEF CON. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mills |first=Chris |date=11 August 2016 |title=Researchers find 'smart' door locks are easy to hack, surprising no one |url=http://bgr.com/2016/08/11/researchers-find-smart-door-locks-are-easy-to-hack-surprising-no-one/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005953/http://bgr.com/2016/08/11/researchers-find-smart-door-locks-are-easy-to-hack-surprising-no-one/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=[[Boy Genius Report|BGF]]}}</ref> Isosiyete yakemuye ikibazo nyuma yuku kwezi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Wollerton |first=Megan |date=25 August 2016 |title=Here's what happened when someone hacked the August Smart Lock |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/august-smart-lock-hacked/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005945/https://www.cnet.com/news/august-smart-lock-hacked/ |archive-date=6 December 2017 |access-date=13 October 2017 |work=CNET}}</ref> MIT yakoze ubundi bushakashatsi ku ntege nke zishobora kubaho mu mutekano wigikoresho. Bagerageje kugera ku gikoresho bakoresheje uburyo bwinshi, nta na kimwe cyatsinze. Uburyo bagerageje ni ubu bukurikira: igitero cyibanga, "Ntabwo ndimo ndumva" ibitero, guhindura itariki nigihe cyagenwe, gutondekanya paki ya Bluetooth, gusenya porogaramu, guhumura udupaki twa TCP, ibitero byabantu hagati, no kugarura uruhushya rwa nyirubwite urufunguzo rwa interineti. Muri ibyo bigeragezo byose, kimwe gusa cyari gifite ishingiro. Mugukata paki ya Bluetooth, abantu bafite umugambi mubisha barashobora kugerageza uburyo bwa " brute force " bakeka ciphertext ikenewe kugirango bakingure umuryango. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, amahirwe yo gukeka ko aya matsinda ari imwe muri miliyoni zirenga 18.4, kandi igihe giteganijwe byose (all sequence) cyitezweho kurenga imyaka ine. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuller |first=Megan |last2=Jenkins |first2=Madeline |last3=Tjølsen |first3=Katrine |date=May 24, 2017 |title=Security Analysis of the August Smart Lock |url=https://courses.csail.mit.edu/6.857/2017/project/3.pdf |journal=Massachusetts Institute of Technology — 6.857 |pages=1–17 |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 2xpctihnootw1b6gsiat1z0y2z0jemb 0 21072 149448 148106 2026-11-07T21:37:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149448 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wyze''' '''Labs''' ''',''' Inc.​(uwahoze ari Wyzecam) azwi nka Wyze,Ni kompanyi y'ikoranbuhanga yo muri America ikorera i Washington, yihariye mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwenge mu ngo (smart home) n'ama kamera adakoresha insinga (wireless cameras). Ni start-up yashinzwe n'abakozi ba kera ba Amazon<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2018 |title=WyzeCam v2 Smart Home Security Camera Review |url=https://gearpatrol.com/2018/07/24/wyzecam-v2-security-camera-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708062255/https://gearpatrol.com/2018/07/24/wyzecam-v2-security-camera-review/ |archive-date=2019-07-08 |access-date=2019-07-08 |website=Gear Patrol}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farhad Manjoo |date=6 December 2017 |title=The Hidden Player Spurring a Wave of Cheap Consumer Devices |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/technology/cheap-consumer-devices-amazon.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708094001/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/technology/cheap-consumer-devices-amazon.html |archive-date=8 July 2019 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=NYT}}</ref> == Amateka == Wyze yashinzwe ku ya 19 Nyakanga 2017, n’abashinze bane: Umuyobozi mukuru Yun Zhang, CPO Dongsheng Song, CMO Dave Crosby, na Elana Fishman. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Swearingen |first=Jake |date=2019-02-12 |title=How Four Ex-Amazoners Made a Crazy-Good Wireless Cam for $20 |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/02/how-four-ex-amazoners-made-a-crazy-good-wireless-cam-for-usd20.html |access-date=2021-05-21 |website=Intelligencer |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Bloomberg – Wyze Labs, Inc. – Company Profile |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1689685D:US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926052721/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1689685D:US |archive-date=2020-09-26 |access-date=2019-07-21 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-20 |title=When did camera come out? |url=https://forums.wyze.com/t/when-did-camera-come-out/19252 |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Wyze Forum |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2018, Wyze yagurishije miliyoni imwe ya Wyze Cam. Ku ya 31 Mutarama 2019, Wyze yatangaje ishoramari rya miliyoni 20 z'amadorali yatanzwe na Norwest Venture Partners. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-04 |title=Smart home camera maker Wyze Labs raises $20M after startup finds success with low-cost WyzeCam |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2019/smart-home-camera-maker-wyze-labs-raises-20m-startup-finds-success-low-cost-wyzecam/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721121130/https://www.geekwire.com/2019/smart-home-camera-maker-wyze-labs-raises-20m-startup-finds-success-low-cost-wyzecam/ |archive-date=2019-07-21 |access-date=2019-07-21 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2020, igihe icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyibasiye isi, Wyze yari hafi guhagarika, ariko isosiyete yashoboye kurokoka icyo cyorezo igabanya umubare w'amafaranga yashakaga gukusanya kuva kuri miliyoni 50 ikagera kuri miliyoni 10, ndetse no kongeraho gahunda yo kwiyandikisha ya Cam Plus, n'ibindi. Mu mpera za 2022, Wyze yatangaje ko 2023 ari “umwaka wa kamera”, maze asohora kamera nshya eshatu guhera ku ya 2 Werurwe 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2023-01-10 |title=Wyze launches its new $34 pan and tilt security camera |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/01/10/wyze-launches-its-new-34-pan-and-tilt-security-camera/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amakimbirane n'umutekano == Muri 2019, Sensormatic, ishami rya Johnson Controls ryuzuye, yareze Wyze, avuga ko yarenze ku ipatanti. Wyze yatsinze mu rubanza, guhera muri Nzeri 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wyze Secures Complete Victory in Patent Infringement Lawsuit |url=https://www.cooley.com:443/news/coverage/2020/2020-09-11-wyze-secures-complete-victory-in-patent-infringement-lawsuit |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=www.cooley.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klingensmith |first=Rob |date=2021-01-28 |title=How Wyze Labs Withstood a Competitor's Patent Infringement Lawsuit - IP.com |url=https://ip.com/blog/how-wyze-labs-withstood-a-competitors-patent-infringement-lawsuit/ |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=IP.com - IP Innovation and Analytics |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Ukuboza 2019, Kompanyi yemeye ko kwibwira ku murongo wa server byatumye amakuru y'abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 2.4 agaragara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |title=IoT vendor Wyze confirms server leak |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/iot-vendor-wyze-confirms-server-leak/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229074253/https://www.zdnet.com/article/iot-vendor-wyze-confirms-server-leak/ |archive-date=2019-12-29 |access-date=2019-12-29 |website=ZDNet |language=en}}</ref> Igisubizo cy'ikigo cyarimo gukuramo abakoresha bose kuri konti zabo, bisaba ko abakoresha bose babyemeza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wang |first=Jules |date=2019-12-27 |title=Privacy scare leads Wyze to unpair all devices from Google Assistant and Alexa, you'll need to add them back |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/12/27/privacy-scare-leads-wyze-to-unpair-all-devices-from-google-assistant-and-alexa-youll-need-to-add-them-back/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229142319/https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/12/27/privacy-scare-leads-wyze-to-unpair-all-devices-from-google-assistant-and-alexa-youll-need-to-add-them-back/ |archive-date=2019-12-29 |access-date=2019-12-29 |website=Android Police |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2021, Xiaomi yashyikirije Amazone raporo ivuga ko Wyze yarenze ku cyuma cyayo cya 2019 "Igikoresho cyogusukura cyigenga ndetse n’umuyaga w’umuyaga kimwe" ipatanti ya robot vacuum. Ku ya 15 Nyakanga 2021, Wyze yatanze ikirego arega Xiaomi mu rukiko rw’intara rwo muri Amerika mu karere k’iburengerazuba bwa Washington, avuga ko ibihangano byabanjirije kubaho ndetse anasaba urukiko ko rwatangaza ko ipatanti ya robot ya Xiaomi yo muri 2019 itemewe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=Wyze sues Xiaomi and Roborock to invalidate robotic vacuum patent and save its Amazon listing |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/wyze-sues-xiaomi-roborock-invalidate-robotic-vacuum-patent-save-amazon-listing/ |access-date=2021-07-22 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2022, ikigo cy’umutekano Bitdefender cyatangaje ko Wyze yahagaritse WyzeCam v1 kubera ikibazo cy’umutekano Bitdefender yari yamenyesheje Wyze imyaka itatu mbere, kikaba ari igihe kirekire kidasanzwe ku buryo intege nke zitamenyekana ku baturage. Wyze ntacyo yatangaje ku mugaragaro kubyerekeye intege nke. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=2022-03-30 |title=I'm done with Wyze |url=https://www.theverge.com/23003418/wyze-cam-v1-vulnerability-no-patch-bitdefender-responsible-disclosure |access-date=2022-03-30 |work=The Verge}}</ref> Ku ya 8 Nzeri 2023, bamwe mu bakoresha bavuze kuri Reddit ko abareba urubuga berekana ibiryo bya kamera bitari ibyabo. Umuvugizi wa Wyze yavuze ko ibi byatewe n'ikibazo cyo gufunga urubuga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Jay |date=2023-09-09 |title=Your Wyze webcam might have let other owners peek into your house |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/8/23865255/wyze-security-camera-feeds-web-view-issue |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2024, abakiriya bashinzwe umutekano wo mu rugo Wyze bagera ku 13.000 beretswe urugo rw’undi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=20 February 2024 |title=Wyze breach: About 13,000 home security customers were shown someone else's home {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/20/tech/wyze-breach-camera/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 3m4wyj51hfv9cn8tpr4ivneu9ff1qky 0 21094 149353 146828 2026-11-07T20:56:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149353 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''SmartThings Inc.''' ni kompanyi yo muri Amerika ikora ibyerekeye kugenzura no guhanga ingo z'ikoranabuhanga (home automation), ikaba ifite icyicaro gikuru i Mountain View, muri leta ya Californiya. Kuva muri Kanama 2014 ni ishami rya Samsung Electronics. <ref name="SELLOUT">{{Cite web |last=Tilley |first=Aaron |title=Samsung Acquires SmartThings, A Fast-Growing Home Automation Startup |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2014/08/14/samsung-smartthings-acquisition-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230011149/http://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2014/08/14/samsung-smartthings-acquisition-2/ |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=7 January 2015 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012, yibanda ku iterambere rya porogaramu zikoresha amazina atazwi hamwe n’ibisobanuro bifitanye isano na porogaramu zabakiriya hamwe n’ibicu bigenewe amazu meza hamwe na interineti y’abaguzi. SmartThings ivuga ko urubuga rwayo rufite miliyoni 62 zikoresha abakoresha, umubare uvuga ko wiyongereyeho 70% kugeza muri 2019 na 2020. <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}</ref> == Amateka == SmartThings yatekerejwe n’umushinga washinze kandi wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru, Alex Hawkinson mu itumba ry’umwaka wa 2011. Hawkinson avuga ko inzu y’imisozi y’umuryango we idatuwe muri Colorado yangijwe cyane n’imiyoboro y’amazi yabanje gukonja hanyuma igaturika bikaviramo kwangirika kw’amadolari 80.000. <ref name="time2014" /> <ref name="cnnmoney">{{Cite web |last=Segall |first=Laurie |author-link=Laurie Segall |date=15 September 2012 |title=SmartThings will let you run your world by smartphone |url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/09/15/technology/startups/smartthings-kickstarter/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802105952/http://money.cnn.com/2012/09/15/technology/startups/smartthings-kickstarter/index.html |archive-date=2 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=CNNMoney}}</ref> <ref name="computerworld">{{Cite web |last=Thibodeau |first=Patrick |date=26 March 2014 |title=SmartThings founder sees a limitless Internet of Things |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247210/SmartThings_founder_sees_a_limitless_Internet_of_Things_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707185721/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247210/SmartThings_founder_sees_a_limitless_Internet_of_Things_ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=Computerworld}}</ref> <ref name="cnnmoney2">{{Cite web |last=Mangalindan |first=JP |title=A digital maestro for every object in the home |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2013/06/07/a-digital-maestro-for-every-object-in-the-home/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531143711/http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2013/06/07/a-digital-maestro-for-every-object-in-the-home/ |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=CNNMoney}}</ref> <ref name="readwrite">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Adriana |date=17 February 2014 |title=SmartThings' Alex Hawkinson: 'We're Debugging How Your House Responds To You' |url=http://readwrite.com/2014/02/17/smartthings-alex-hawkinson-smart-homes-internet-of-things#awesm=~ozPK3EVFR7Uasr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719120345/http://readwrite.com/2014/02/17/smartthings-alex-hawkinson-smart-homes-internet-of-things#awesm=~ozPK3EVFR7Uasr |archive-date=19 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=readwrite}}</ref> Hawkinson yavuze ko yashoboraga gukumira ibyangiritse aramutse amenye ibibera mu nzu. <ref name="readwrite" /> Kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 na 2012, Hawkinson hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa be ba SmartThings bakoze kugira ngo bakore prototype y’ibisubizo bifuza gukemura ibibazo nkibi. [ <ref name="readwrite" /> <ref name="huffington2014">{{Cite web |last=Toscana |first=Samantha |date=30 June 2014 |title=Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> Icyo cyitegererezo cy'imbere cyaje kuba ishingiro ry'ubukangurambaga bwabereye kuri Kickstarter bwatangijwe muri Nzeri 2012 bukaza gukusanya miliyoni1.2 z'amdolari y'Amerika, biza kuba umushinga wa kabiri munini watewe inkunga n'abantu benshi (crowdfunding) ugamije guteza imbere ingo z'ikoranabuhanga kugeza ubu. <ref name="kickstarter">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=SmartThings: Make Your World Smarter |url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/smartthings/smartthings-make-your-world-smarter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714090156/https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/smartthings/smartthings-make-your-world-smarter |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=KickStarter}}</ref> Gukusanya miliyoni 3 z'amadolari y'inkunga y'itangira y'umushiga mu ukuboza 2012 <ref name="huffington2014">{{Cite web |last=Toscana |first=Samantha |date=30 June 2014 |title=Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=HuffPost}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFToscana2014">Toscana, Samantha (30 June 2014). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html "Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO)"]. ''HuffPost''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html Archived] from the original on 10 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="twincities">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jake |title=Kickstarter Hit Lands $12.5M From Silicon Valley |url=http://tcbmag.com/News/Recent-News/2013/November/Kickstarter-Hit-Lands-$12-5M-From-Silicon-Valley |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821042435/http://tcbmag.com/News/Recent-News/2013/November/Kickstarter-Hit-Lands-$12-5M-From-Silicon-Valley |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Twin Cities Business}}</ref>SmartThings yaje gushyira ku isoko ibicuruzwa byayo mu buryo bwa k'ubucuruzi mu kwezi kwa kanama 2013, mbere yo gukusanya miliyoni 12.5 z'inyongera mu cyiciro cy'ishoramari cya Series A mu mpera za 2013. <ref name="techcrunch3">{{Cite web |last=Lawler |first=Ryan |date=12 November 2013 |title=SmartThings Raises $12.5 Million From Greylock And Highland To Power The Internet Of Things |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/11/12/smartthings-12-5m-greylock-highland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714020116/http://techcrunch.com/2013/11/12/smartthings-12-5m-greylock-highland/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref name="techcrunch1">{{Cite web |last=Lomas |first=Natasha |date=4 December 2012 |title=SmartThings Closes $3M Seed Round, Led By First Round Capital, Launches Competition To Grow Community Of Smart Object Developers |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/12/04/smartthings-closes-3m-seed-round-led-by-first-round-capital-launches-competition-to-grow-community-of-smart-object-developers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706011900/http://techcrunch.com/2012/12/04/smartthings-closes-3m-seed-round-led-by-first-round-capital-launches-competition-to-grow-community-of-smart-object-developers/ |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref name="allthingsd2">{{Cite web |last=Goode |first=Lauren |title=SmartThings, the "Internet of Things" Company That Connects the Gadgets in Your Home, Launches Its Own Store |url=http://allthingsd.com/20130821/smartthings-the-internet-of-things-company-that-connects-the-gadgets-in-your-home-launches-its-own-store/?mod=atd_homepage_carousel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821022710/http://allthingsd.com/20130821/smartthings-the-internet-of-things-company-that-connects-the-gadgets-in-your-home-launches-its-own-store/?mod=atd_homepage_carousel |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=AllThingsD}}</ref> <ref name="allthingsd">{{Cite web |last=Gannes |first=Liz |title=SmartThings, a Kickstarter Hit, Raises $3M More From VCs and Angels |url=http://allthingsd.com/20121204/smartthings-a-kickstarter-hit-raises-3m-more-from-vcs-and-angels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707215602/http://allthingsd.com/20121204/smartthings-a-kickstarter-hit-raises-3m-more-from-vcs-and-angels/ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=AllThingsD}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2014, Samsung Electronics yatangaje ko imaze kumvikana yo kugura SmartThings. <ref name="Clark2014">{{Cite web |last=Don Clark |date=Aug 14, 2014 |title=Samsung reaches Deal to Buy Startup SmartThings |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/samsung-reaches-deal-to-buy-startup-smartthings-1408062020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817191431/http://online.wsj.com/articles/samsung-reaches-deal-to-buy-startup-smartthings-1408062020 |archive-date=2014-08-17 |access-date=Aug 18, 2014 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2014 |title=Samsung snaps up SmartThings, embracing Internet of Things |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/samsung-snaps-up-smartthings-embracing-internet-of-things/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816220230/http://www.cnet.com/news/samsung-snaps-up-smartthings-embracing-internet-of-things/ |archive-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=CNET}}</ref> Amasezerano y’imari y’amasezerano ntabwo yigeze atangazwa ku mugaragaro ariko yagereranijwe agera kuri miliyoni 200 z’amadolari y’ibitabo by’ubucuruzi icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2014 |title=SmartThings Acquired By Samsung For Around $200 Million |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/14/smartthings-acquired-by-samsung-for-around-200-million/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Techcrunch}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa na serivisi == Ku ikubitiro SmartThings yabyaye suite yibikoresho byabigenewe na serivisi za software, harimo inzu yo mu rugo ifite ubwenge hamwe na sensor. Muri Kamena 2020, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwubatsi bwa SmartThings, Mark Benson, yatangaje ko SmartThings izitandukanya no gukora ibyuma byayo ahubwo ikibanda kuri software. Isosiyete irizera kwinjiza andi masosiyete gukora no gukwirakwiza ibyuma bya SmartThings. Mu <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliams">Williams, Joe. [https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 "Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software"]. Business Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref>, SmartThings yatangaje ko [[Aeotec]] izafata umurongo w’ibikoresho by’i Burayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=SmartThings and Aeotec – A Connected Family |url=https://blog.smartthings.com/news/roundups/smartthings-and-aeotec-a-connected-family/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=SmartThiings |publisher=SmartThings, Inc.}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2020, Aeotec yatangaje ko izanacunga ibikoresho bya SmartThings portfolio muri Ositaraliya, Kanada, Ubwongereza, na Amerika. <ref name="Aeotec SmartThings">{{Cite web |last=Dykes |first=Daniel |title=Aeotec builds upon its industry leading portfolio of smart home products through agreement with SmartThings |url=https://aeotec.com/about/news/aeotec-smartthings-announcement.html |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Aeotec}}</ref> Kuva muri Gashyantare 2021, SmartThings itegura porogaramu na serivisi zicu. <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliams">Williams, Joe. [https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 "Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software"]. Business Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Higginbotham |first=Stacey |date=25 June 2020 |title=SmartThings will kill legacy features to make a smarter home |url=https://staceyoniot.com/smartthings-will-kill-legacy-features-to-make-a-smarter-home/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Stacey on IoT |publisher=SKT Labs, LLC}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 5din9nlerlyejpz3d6sfgw093hkzdz6 0 21096 149256 147034 2026-11-07T19:41:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GlobalVision ni kompayi itanga porogaramu zikorera kuri interineti (''' SaaS) yihariye mu byerekeye gupakira no gushyiraho labels. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2013 |title=First cloud-based app inspects packaging text and graphics {{!}} Packaging Digest |url=http://www.packagingdigest.com/pharmaceutical-packaging/first-cloud-based-app-inspects-packaging-text-and-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331120551/http://www.packagingdigest.com/pharmaceutical-packaging/first-cloud-based-app-inspects-packaging-text-and-graphics |archive-date=2017-03-31 |access-date=2017-03-31 |website=www.packagingdigest.com |language=en}}</ref> == Amateka == GlobalVision Inc. (GlobalVision) yashinzwe na Reuben Malz mu 1990. ifite icyicaro i Montreal, [[Kanada|muri Kanada]], kandi ifite ibiro by'akarere mu Bwongereza no mu Budage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Vision, Inc.: Private Company Information |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=681281 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407024830/http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=681281 |archive-date=2017-04-07 |access-date=2017-03-30 |website=www.bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Muri 2013, Pfizer yagiranye amasezerano na GlobalVision yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gupakira. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Global Vision Selected By Pfizer For Worldwide Deployment Of Automated Proofreading Solutions |url=http://www.packageprinting.com/article/global-vision-selected-by-pfizer-for-worldwide-deployment-of-automated-proofreading-solutions/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331115737/http://www.packageprinting.com/article/global-vision-selected-by-pfizer-for-worldwide-deployment-of-automated-proofreading-solutions/ |archive-date=2017-03-31 |access-date=2017-03-31 |work=Package Printing |language=en-US}}</ref> GlobalVision yashyizeho urubuga rwayo rwa mbere rushingiye ku kugenzura ubuziranenge mu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Vision Releases Proofware The First All-In-One Cloud-Based Packaging Inspection Suite |url=https://www.bioprocessonline.com/doc/global-vision-proofware-cloud-packaging-inspection-suite-0001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413153445/https://www.bioprocessonline.com/doc/global-vision-proofware-cloud-packaging-inspection-suite-0001 |archive-date=2017-04-13 |access-date=2017-04-13 |website=www.bioprocessonline.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=QCanywhere Honored at the 2013 Accolades Award - QCanywhere |url=http://info.qcanywhere.com/qcanywhere-honored-at-the-2013-accolades-award/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154657/http://info.qcanywhere.com/qcanywhere-honored-at-the-2013-accolades-award/ |archive-date=2017-04-13 |access-date=2017-04-13 |work=QCanywhere |language=en-US}}</ref> Ibi byakurikiwe no gushyira ku isoko verisiyo igezweho y'iyo platform yitwa Proofware mu 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Global Vision Inc. Company and Product Info from PrintingNews.com |url=http://www.printingnews.com/company/10857519/global-vision-inc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023724/http://www.printingnews.com/company/10857519/global-vision-inc |archive-date=2018-05-27 |access-date=2017-04-18 |work=PrintingNews.com |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2017, GlobalVision yasohoye urubuga rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa desktop. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=GlobalVision unveils Quality Control Platform {{!}} Labels & Labeling |url=http://www.labelsandlabeling.com/news/new-products/globalvision-unveils-quality-control-platform |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416043823/http://www.labelsandlabeling.com/news/new-products/globalvision-unveils-quality-control-platform |archive-date=2017-04-16 |access-date=2017-04-13 |website=www.labelsandlabeling.com |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2018, GlobalVision yafatanije na Pantone na X-Rite gutangiza gahunda ya mbere yo kugenzura amabara ya digitale ku isi yo gucapa no gupakira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GlobalVision Launches Digital Color Inspection For Print And Packaging |url=https://www.meddeviceonline.com/doc/globalvision-launches-digital-color-inspection-for-print-and-packaging-0001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185149/https://www.meddeviceonline.com/doc/globalvision-launches-digital-color-inspection-for-print-and-packaging-0001 |archive-date=2019-12-18 |access-date=2019-12-18 |website=www.meddeviceonline.com}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} 7cw6hx5iwiu39zwu2hccl87dqo4sre4 0 21111 149359 135007 2026-11-07T21:00:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149359 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''tado °''' '''GmbH''' ni kompanyi y’ikoranabuhanga yo mu Budage ifite icyicaro i Munich (mu Budage) kandi ikora ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo mu rugo (thermostasts) n'ibyo gukontorora imashini z'ubukonje (air conditioning controls). == Amateka == tado ° yashinzwe na Christian Deilmann, Johannes Swchwarz na Valentin Sawadski i Munich muri Nzeri 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-21 |title=Munich startup Tado keeps your house cool when no one is home |url=http://www.geektime.com/2014/04/21/munich-startup-tado-keeps-your-house-cool-when-no-one-is-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821190903/http://www.geektime.com/2014/04/21/munich-startup-tado-keeps-your-house-cool-when-no-one-is-home/ |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=Geektime}}</ref>Izina rya kompanyi Tado rikomoka ku magambo y'icyiyapani "tadiama" (bisobanura ngo "nagarutse mu rugo") na "okaeri" (bisobanura ngo "urakaza neza") kuko geofencing ari yo yari imikorere ya mbere y'ingenzi muri sisitemu ya Tado mu mwaka wa 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=tado° raises €10m from Target Partners and Shortcut Ventures |url=http://www.cleantechinvestor.com/portal/mainmenucomp/companiest/3258-tado/11706-tado-raises.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821174647/http://www.cleantechinvestor.com/portal/mainmenucomp/companiest/3258-tado/11706-tado-raises.html |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=cleantechinvestor.com}}</ref> Igicuruzwa cya mbere cya kompanyi, Tado Heating, cyatangijwe mu Ugushyingo 2012 mu Budage, Austria, na Suisse, hanyuma mu 2013 mu Bwongereza ( United kingdom). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-16 |title=European leader in intelligent climate control tado° |url=http://www.targetpartners.de/en/n/european-leader-in-intelligent-climate-control-tado-raises-EUR10m-to-fuel-global-expansion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821162411/http://www.targetpartners.de/en/n/european-leader-in-intelligent-climate-control-tado-raises-EUR10m-to-fuel-global-expansion/ |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=Target Partners}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2014, tado ° yafunze miliyoni 10 zama euro ($ 13.6m) y’amafaranga yatanzwe n’abandi, Target Partners na Shortcut Ventures. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-16 |title=tado°, the European leader in intelligent climate control |url=http://www.eu-startups.com/2014/07/tado%C2%B0-the-european-leader-in-intelligent-climate-control-raises-e10m/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821205258/http://www.eu-startups.com/2014/07/tado%C2%B0-the-european-leader-in-intelligent-climate-control-raises-e10m/ |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=eu-startups.com}}</ref> Igicuruzwa cya kabiri cy’isosiyete, tado ° Smart AC Control, mu gukonjesha ubwenge, cyashyizwe ahagaragara mu Burayi no muri Amerika muri Kamena 2015.Ibirori byo kumurika byabereye mu mujyi wa New York. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-04 |title=Tado's Smart AC Control Makes Any Air Conditioner Smart |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/04/tados-smart-ac-control-makes-any-air-conditioner-smart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615071511/http://techcrunch.com/2015/06/04/tados-smart-ac-control-makes-any-air-conditioner-smart/ |archive-date=2015-06-15 |access-date=2015-06-16 |publisher=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa == Usibye kugabanya gukoresha ingufu no kongera ubwizigame, thermostat ireba abaturage neza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-14 |title=Finally, an end to fiddly thermostats and wasted energy |url=http://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/appliances/tado-1248634/review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817221025/http://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/appliances/tado-1248634/review |archive-date=2014-08-17 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=[[TechRadar]]}}</ref> tado ° itahura abadahari cyangwa bahari bakoresheje terefone zabo, hanyuma igahindura ubushyuhe bwikora. Iteganyagihe hamwe nubushuhe bwurugo nka insulation byitabwaho. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart home heating controls from tado° |url=http://www.heatwave-energy.com/smarthomeheatingcontrols |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822045829/http://www.heatwave-energy.com/smarthomeheatingcontrols |archive-date=2014-08-22 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=heatwave-energy.com}}</ref> Imwe mu mbogamizi kuri tado ° ni ahantu hashyushye h’uburayi no guhuza no gushyigikira imiyoboro yabyo. Kugeza 2014, sisitemu zirenga 5.000 zitandukanye zirashobora kugenzurwa na tado ° Ubushyuhe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-31 |title=Germany: Climate-KIC start-up tado° attracts €10m to fuel global expansion |url=http://www.climate-kic.org/news/germany-climate-kic-start-up-tado-attracts-e10m-to-fuel-global-expansion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821182054/http://www.climate-kic.org/news/germany-climate-kic-start-up-tado-attracts-e10m-to-fuel-global-expansion/ |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=climate-kic.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-14 |title=Finally, an end to fiddly thermostats and wasted energy |url=http://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/appliances/tado-1248634/review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817221025/http://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/appliances/tado-1248634/review |archive-date=2014-08-17 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=[[TechRadar]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-12 |title=Tado Cooling Launches On Kickstarter To Make Your AC Smart |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/05/12/air-connectivity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811173507/http://techcrunch.com/2014/05/12/air-connectivity/ |archive-date=2014-08-11 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> Muri kamena 2015, tado ° yashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa byayo bya kabiri, Smart AC Igenzura. Ntabwo ari ubushuhe. Ihindura ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cyo guhumeka mu bikoresho byubwenge. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-04 |title=Tado's Smart AC Control wants to make your old air conditioner smarter |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/tados-smart-ac-control-wants-make-your-old-air-conditioner-smarter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609024426/http://www.androidcentral.com/tados-smart-ac-control-wants-make-your-old-air-conditioner-smarter |archive-date=2015-06-09 |access-date=2015-06-16 |publisher=[[Android Central]]}}</ref> tado ° Igenzura rya Smart AC ikoresha aho terefone igeze kugirango ibashe kumenya niba umuturage ari murugo kandi ahita azimya AC cyangwa azimya. Ikonjesha irashobora kandi gukoreshwa n'intoki hakoreshejwe Smart AC Igenzura ukoresheje porogaramu ya tado °. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-05 |title=tado Smart AC Control can turn any AC smart |url=http://www.slashgear.com/tado-smart-ac-control-can-turn-any-ac-smart-05386914/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608005527/http://www.slashgear.com/tado-smart-ac-control-can-turn-any-ac-smart-05386914/ |archive-date=2015-06-08 |access-date=2015-06-16 |publisher=slashgear.com}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2017, tado ° yatangaje ko ihuriweho na Google Assistant, yemerera abakiriya bombi bafite sisitemu ya tado ° ndetse n’igikoresho cya Google Assistant kugenzura sisitemu ya Tado binyuze mu majwi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-16 |title=tado° now live with the Google Assistant |url=https://www.tado.com/gb/press/tado-now-live-with-the-google-assistant |access-date=2018-04-04 |publisher=tado}}</ref> K'urugero, amategeko yijwi aboneka ni "Ubushuhe burihe mubyumba?" cyangwa "Gabanya ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba cya 2 ° C". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-03 |title=Pro Commands for Tado on Google Assistant |url=http://bestcommands.com/pro-commands-for-tado-on-google-home-assistant/ |access-date=2018-04-04 |publisher=Best Commands |archive-date=2018-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405024351/http://bestcommands.com/pro-commands-for-tado-on-google-home-assistant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bthg5osdh21l4v18reyx3tyu5xtu2uc 0 21137 149497 147511 2026-11-08T04:07:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Illinois School for the Deaf''' ( '''ISD''' ), riherereye i Jacksonville, muri Leta ya Illinois, ni ishuri ryigenga na leta rikorerwa ababana n'ubumuga bwo kutumva, kutabona, rikaba rifite amashami ya mbere y'incuke (pre-kindergarten), amashuri abanza (elementary), n'ayisumbuye (high school). [[Icyongereza|[]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Illinois School for the Deaf |url=http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/index.html |access-date=23 June 2019 |website=Illinoisdeaf.org |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616192636/http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Illinois School for the Deaf |url=http://www.isbe.net/spec-ed/pdfs/school_deaf.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515035310/http://www.isbe.net/spec-ed/pdfs/school_deaf.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-15 |access-date=2014-07-05 |publisher=Illinois Dept. of Human Services}}</ref>​​ ISD ikoresha icyongereza hamwe na American Sign Language (ASL), ifite politiki ishingiye ku ishuri rya Wisconsin ry'abana b'impumyi y'amatwi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Illinois School for the Deaf Mission Statement |url=http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/Documents/Office/Communication%20Policy/AEBCP-ISD-1_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120205357/http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/Documents/Office/Communication%20Policy/AEBCP-ISD-1_1.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2014 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=Illinois School for the Deaf}}</ref> ISD yashinzwe mu 1839 mu cyicaro cy'intara ya Morgan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=About Us |url=http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/Office/index.htm#Tab7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120205253/http://www.illinoisdeaf.org/Office/index.htm#Tab7 |archive-date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=Illinois School for the Deaf}}</ref> Iri shuri ririmo amacumbi y'abanyeshuri baryo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lookbook |url=http://illinoisdeaf.org/Admissions/Docs/LB16.pdf |access-date=2021-05-21 |publisher=Illinois School for the Deaf |page=14/20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613211031/http://illinoisdeaf.org/Admissions/Docs/LB16.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} jgsza93j2iz7bg91xddc4fydj3kpcdm 0 21154 149352 138887 2026-11-07T20:55:49Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149352 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''The Sign Assisted instruction Programme''' ( Chinese ) Bikorwa n'ishuri rya Lutherani ry'abatumva guhera muri Gashyantare 2012 ku nkunga yatanzwe n'ikigega cy'uburezi bufite ireme . <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Abanyeshuri benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bafite infashanyo ya cochlear yatewe inkunga nikigo cy'igihugu ndetse na guverinoma ya Hong Kong yashyizweho, ariko umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe itumanaho muri komisiyo ishinzwe amahirwe angana, Chen Jie-zhen, yagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo gutera inkunga cochlear ari buke. Hariho raporo z’abanyeshuri zivuga ko amajwi yoroheje gusa ashobora kumvikana igihe kinini kandi uwatewe ntashobora gukemura ibibazo byo kwiga. Ishuri rya Lutherani ryabatumva ryigisha mu magambo, rifashwa nururimi rw'amarenga kugirango abanyeshuri bashobore kwiga byoroshye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-28 |title=新學制考試令聽障生難圓大學夢 |trans-title=New Academic Structure Makes it Harder for the Deaf to Enter University |url=https://jmc.hksyu.edu/shuo/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%B6%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6%E4%BB%A4%E8%81%BD%E9%9A%9C%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%A3%E5%9C%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130357/https://jmc.hksyu.edu/shuo/%e6%96%b0%e5%ad%b8%e5%88%b6%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e4%bb%a4%e8%81%bd%e9%9a%9c%e7%94%9f%e9%9b%a3%e5%9c%93%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%b8%e5%a4%a2/ |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=Shuo Online |language=zh-hk}}</ref> Ariko, Hong Kong ibuze ururimi rw'amarenga rukoreshwa cyane cyane nabafite ubumuga bwo kutumva ruhuriweho kandi rwuzuye. z amarenga zakozwe nimiryango itandukanye yabatumva kugirango amagambo ashobore kugira imvugo nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, amagambo menshi yerekeye ubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi amagambo yihariye ajyanye n'uburezi ntabwo ahagije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=手說話 多做事 路德會啟聾學校 |trans-title=Speak with Hands, Do More Things, the Lutheran School For The Deaf |url=http://www.grateful-heart.org/WonderfulGrace/content.php?article=3564 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130430/http://www.grateful-heart.org/WonderfulGrace/content.php?article=3564 |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=Grateful Heart |language=zh-hk}}</ref> == Intego == Kuva muri Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza Mutarama mu mwaka wa 2015, gahunda yimyaka itatu irakorwa. Intego ni: <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs "手語輔助教學計劃"] &#x5B;The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme&#x5D;. ''The Lutheran School For The Deaf'' (in Chinese). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs Archived] from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=計劃撮要 |trans-title=Plan Summary |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/P2010-0500-1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153940/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/P2010-0500-1.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-31 |title=計劃總結報告 |trans-title=Plan Report |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201510/20151023151008_393d5MjAxN.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153934/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201510/20151023151008_393d5MjAxN.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> # Menya neza ko abarimu bigisha haba mu mvugo no mu rurimi rw'amarenga # Gushiraho ikigo cyigisha ururimi rwamarenga # Gutondekanya amagambo y'ururimi rw'amarenga rusanzwe kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kubaka gahunda imwe y'ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango byorohereze itumanaho no kwiga # Gutegura amagambo yihariye kumasomo yishuri kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kumva ibikubiye mumasomo no guhuza ibikoresho bize # Tanga amahugurwa yindimi kubarimu kugirango borohereze imyigishirize # Teza imbere umwuka wo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga # Shigikira kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga na bene wabo b'abanyeshuri batumva # Tanga abanyeshuri batumva nibikenewe bidasanzwe abakozi bigisha bafite imiyoboro yo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango bafashe kwiga no kwigisha Kuva muri Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 2015 kugeza Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 2017, gahunda yimyaka ibiri irakorwa. Intego ni: <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs "手語輔助教學計劃"] &#x5B;The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme&#x5D;. ''The Lutheran School For The Deaf'' (in Chinese). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs Archived] from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=計劃撮要 |trans-title=Plan Summary |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201712/20130249PP.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153938/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201712/20130249PP.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> # Hindura inkoranyamagambo y'ururimi rw'amarenga ubudahwema kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kuringaniza ururimi rw'amarenga no guteza imbere umunwa # Tegura ibikoresho byoroshye byo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango uteze imbere ururimi rw'amarenga # Shiraho umwuka mwiza wo gutegera kugirango ugabanye itandukaniro ryo kwiga # Fasha abarimu nabanyeshuri batumva kwitezimbere # Gutezimbere ibice byabanyeshuri batumva kandi utange amahugurwa yindimi zimyuga # Korohereza itumanaho hagati y'abanyeshuri batumva n'ababyeyi babo # Guteza imbere ururimi rw'amarenga n'umuco wo kutumva kugirango uteze imbere gusabana kwishuri no guhanahana amakuru hagati yumwuga == Kwakira == uwashinje umuryango wa silent cyangwa [[Silence (charity)|guceceka]] mukinyarwanda, Polly Lam, yavuze ko umubare w’amashuri yihariye y’abatumva muri Hong Kong wagabanutse uva kuri atatu ujya ku umwe. Yagaragaje kandi ko amashuri yihariye yabanjirije atigisha ururimi rw'amarenga ku buryo abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bahatirwa kumva bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kumva cyangwa gusoma iminwa . Nkigisubizo, abanyeshuri ntibashobora kwiga byuzuye. Nubwo umuryango ushobora kwigurira uburezi, bitakaza igihe. Bituma abanyeshuri batakaza ubushake bwo kwiga kandi bakumva bababaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-13 |title=「龍耳社」李鸝 ── 為聾人利益打拼 |trans-title="Silence" Polly Lam - Fighting for Interests of the Deaf |url=https://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/mobileLiteArticle/id/385461/%E3%80%8C%E9%BE%8D%E8%80%B3%E7%A4%BE%E3%80%8D%E6%9D%8E%E9%B8%9D+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80+%E7%82%BA%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E6%89%93%E6%8B%BC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130357/http://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/mobileLiteArticle/id/385461/%E3%80%8C%E9%BE%8D%E8%80%B3%E7%A4%BE%E3%80%8D%E6%9D%8E%E9%B8%9D+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80+%E7%82%BA%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E6%89%93%E6%8B%BC |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=信網手機版 |publisher=Hong Kong Economic Journal |language=zh-hk}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Ishuri rya Lutherani kubatumva * Ururimi rw'amarenga rwa Hong Kong * Ibipfamatwi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} jomi9rl2ofnz6bfxn7b9spjheed3zdv 0 21202 149468 140125 2026-11-07T21:42:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 149468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sisitemu ry'ururimi rw'amarenga''', [ a ] izwi kandi ku '''rurimi rwasinywe''' [ b ] cyangwa '''Igipolonye cyasinywe''', ni uburyo bwandikishijwe intoki bw'igipolonye bukoresha ibimenyetso by'ururimi rw'amarenga rw'igipolonye. Bikunze gukoreshwa icyarimwe "ubusemuzi" bw'igipolonye mukimenyetso. kandi bigafasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona Muri 2011, Sisitemu y'ururimi rw'amarenga rwo muri Polonye yemerewe n'amategeko. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ipd0zqb1d1xejw2mtqzdwnlxvrwut67 0 21216 149445 145977 2026-11-07T21:33:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Villaney "Lany" Remengesau (wavutse 30 Werurwe 1985) numuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Palau. Azwiho ubuvugizi ku [[Ubumuga|Babana nubumuga]] muri [[Palawu|Palau]] no mu karere kagari ka Aziya-Pasifika, ibyo bikaba byaratumye agirwa umuntu ukomeye cyane muri Palau mu 2024 n'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya Palau. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-24 |title=Villaney Remengesau |url=https://islandtimes.org/villaney-remengesau/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227131325/https://islandtimes.org/villaney-remengesau/ |archive-date=2024-12-27 |access-date=2025-09-03 |work=Island Times |language=en}}</ref>''' == Ubuzima == Remengesau yavukiye i [[:en:Koror_(city)|Koror]], muri Palau, mu murage wa Palauan na Aziya. Afite ubumuga bw'umubiri kandi akoresha igare ry'abamugaye. Yize imicungire yubucuruzi muri kaminuza, arubatse afite umwana. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=9th Micronesia Nonprofit Congress |url=https://payu-ta.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9th-Congress-program-FINAL-LOW-RES-REVISED.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904185939/https://payu-ta.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9th-Congress-program-FINAL-LOW-RES-REVISED.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Payu-Ta |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2018-03-08 |title=Inspiring women in the Pacific: Villaney's story |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/05/inspiring-women-in-the-pacific-villaney-story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422161923/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/05/inspiring-women-in-the-pacific-villaney-story |archive-date=2025-04-22 |access-date=2025-09-03 |work=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Partnership Accelerator Network |url=https://partnershipaccelerator.org/network/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904185151/https://partnershipaccelerator.org/network/ |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Partnership Accelerator |language=en}}</ref> Remengesau yagize uruhare runini mubuyobozi no gutanga inama mugutezimbere amashyirahamwe nabafite ubumuga muri Palau. Yagize uruhare mu kubyutsa OMEKESANG, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga muri Palau, kandi wabaye umuyobozi wacyo kuva mu 2011 kugeza mu 2020. Ku buyobozi bwe, OMEKESANG yabonye ubunyamuryango bwuzuye bw’imishinga mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, harimo ihuriro ry’abafite ubumuga bwa pasifika, Aziya ya Pasifika DPO United, n’abafite ubumuga mpuzamahanga. <ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=2018-03-08 |title=Inspiring women in the Pacific: Villaney's story |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/05/inspiring-women-in-the-pacific-villaney-story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422161923/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/05/inspiring-women-in-the-pacific-villaney-story |archive-date=2025-04-22 |access-date=2025-09-03 |work=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Partnership Accelerator Network |url=https://partnershipaccelerator.org/network/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904185151/https://partnershipaccelerator.org/network/ |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Partnership Accelerator |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-24 |title=Villaney Remengesau |url=https://islandtimes.org/villaney-remengesau/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227131325/https://islandtimes.org/villaney-remengesau/ |archive-date=2024-12-27 |access-date=2025-09-03 |work=Island Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Pac Rim 2025 Keynote Speakers |url=https://pacrim.coe.hawaii.edu/keynote-2025/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722185729/https://pacrim.coe.hawaii.edu/keynote-2025/ |archive-date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-03 |work=Pac Rim Conference |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-26 |title=PCC student creates database for PSDF |url=https://pcc.palau.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MESEKIUSNEWS-Vol.-26-Iss-30-July-26-2024-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127000758/https://pcc.palau.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MESEKIUSNEWS-Vol.-26-Iss-30-July-26-2024-1.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-27 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Mesekiu's News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2011-04-13 |title=Palau joins disability forum in New Zealand |url=https://www.mvariety.com/news/regional/palau-joins-disability-forum-in-new-zealand/article_7cbe377b-5443-57bd-8a7b-8c2fe895214b.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904185500/https://www.mvariety.com/news/regional/palau-joins-disability-forum-in-new-zealand/article_7cbe377b-5443-57bd-8a7b-8c2fe895214b.html |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |work=Marianas Variety News & Views |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-04-06 |title=Pacific Forum on disabilities underway in NZ |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/196405/pacific-forum-on-disabilities-underway-in-nz |access-date=2025-09-04 |work=RNZ |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=9th Micronesia Nonprofit Congress |url=https://payu-ta.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9th-Congress-program-FINAL-LOW-RES-REVISED.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904185939/https://payu-ta.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9th-Congress-program-FINAL-LOW-RES-REVISED.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-04 |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=Payu-Ta |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":12" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5" /> Remengesau yabaye kandi perezida w’ishyirahamwe rya Belau ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta hagati ya 2018 na 2020. <ref name=":2" /> Referances == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} ajwqmj2z2avbn302y14y0japt3tky93 0 21288 149248 147286 2026-11-07T19:37:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149248 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Faith Ringgold''' ('''Faith''' '''Willi''' '''Jones''' ; Ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1930 - 13 Mata 2024) yari umwirabura w’umunyamerika akaba umwanditsi, umunyabugeni, umuhanzi ukora ibitaramo, akaba n'umurwanashyaka uhuza abantu, yari azwi nkumuntu uzi kuvuga neza imbwirwaruhame . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gipson |first=Ferren |date=2022 |title=Women's work: from feminine arts to feminist art |publisher=Frances Lincoln |isbn=978-0-7112-6465-6 |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faith Ringgold's website |url=https://www.faithringgold.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229021109/https://www.faithringgold.com/ |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Guggenheim-Bio">{{Cite web |title=Faith Ringgold |url=http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/791 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512044918/http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/791 |archive-date=May 12, 2013 |access-date=May 1, 2013 |website=[[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]}}</ref> <ref name="nyt-obit">{{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |date=April 13, 2024 |title=Faith Ringgold Dies at 93; Wove Black Life Into Quilts and Children's Books |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/13/arts/faith-ringgold-dead.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413210925/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/13/arts/faith-ringgold-dead.html |archive-date=April 13, 2024 |access-date=April 14, 2024 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Ringgold yavukiye i Harlem, mu mujyi wa New York, kandi yabonye impamyabumenyi yicyiciro cyagatatu cya kaminuza yakuye muri City College ya New York . Yari umwarimu wubuhanzi muri sisitemu yishuri rusange rya New York City. Nkumuhanzi wa multimediya, ibihangano bye byasesenguye insanganyamatsiko yumuryango, ubwoko, icyiciro, nuburinganire. Urukurikirane rw<nowiki>''inkuru, byakozwe kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, byafashe ibyabaye ku Banyamerika b'Abirabura maze biba ibihangano bye byasinywe. Mu mwuga we, yazamuye ibikorwa by’abahanzi b'</nowiki>Abirabura maze arahaguruka arwanya guhezwa kwabo n’ingoro ndangamurage. Yanditse kandi ashushanya [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] birenga icumi byabana. Ubuhanzi bwa Ringgold bwerekanwe ku isi yose kandi buri mu byegeranyo bihoraho bya The Guggenheim, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi ya Metropolitan, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi n’ibishushanyo, inzu ndangamurage ya Philadelphia, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Schomburg mu muco w’abirabura . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Faith Willi Jones yavutse ari umuhererezi mu bana batatu ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1930, mu bitaro bya Harlem, mu mujyi wa New York. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004">{{Cite book |last=Holton |first=Curlee Raven |year=2004 |title=A View From the Studio |url=https://archive.org/details/faithringgoldvie0000holt |publisher=Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum |isbn=978-1-593-73045-1 |location=Boston |oclc=59132090 |url-access=registration}}</ref> : 24 Ababyeyi be, Andrew Louis Jones na Willi Posey Jones, bakomokaga mu miryango y'abakozi bimuwe na Great Migration . Nyina wa Ringgold yari umunyamideli kandi se, ndetse no gukora imirimo itandukanye, yari umwanditsi w'inkuru. <ref name="theartstory.org">{{Cite web |title=Faith Ringgold Biography, Life & Quotes |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ringgold-faith/life-and-legacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225154951/https://www.theartstory.org/artist/ringgold-faith/life-and-legacy/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=March 9, 2021 |website=The Art Story}}</ref> Bamurereye mubidukikije byamuteye gutangira kwiga guhanga. Nyuma ya Harlem Renaissance, inzu ya Ringgold akiri umwana i Harlem yakikijwe n’ubuhanzi butera imbere - aho abantu nka Duke Ellington na Langston Hughes babaga hafi aho. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004" /> : 27 Inshuti ye yo mu bwana Sonny Rollins, wabaye umucuranzi ukomeye wa jazz, yakundaga gusura umuryango we kandi akitoza sakasofone mu birori byabo. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004" /> : 28  Kubera indwara ya asima yari arwaye, Ringgold yakoze ubushakashatsi ku buhanzi bugaragara nk'imyidagaduro ikomeye abifashijwemo na nyina, akenshi yageragezaga na crayons akiri umukobwa muto. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004">{{Cite book |last=Holton |first=Curlee Raven |year=2004 |title=A View From the Studio |url=https://archive.org/details/faithringgoldvie0000holt |publisher=Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum |isbn=978-1-593-73045-1 |location=Boston |oclc=59132090 |url-access=registration}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolton2004">Holton, Curlee Raven (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:faithringgoldvie0000holt|''A View From the Studio'']]</span>. Boston: Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-593-73045-1|<bdi>978-1-593-73045-1</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59132090 59132090].</cite></ref> : 24 Yize kandi kudoda no gukora mu buryo bwa gihanga akoresheje imyenda ya nyina. <ref name="Biography.com">{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2021 |title=Faith Ringgold |url=https://www.biography.com/artists/faith-ringgold |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224193809/https://www.biography.com/artists/faith-ringgold |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |access-date=December 24, 2023 |website=Biography.com}}</ref>​ <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004" /> : 24 Izi ngaruka zose hamwe, ibihangano bya Ringgold bizaza byatewe inkunga n'abantu cyane, imivugo, numuziki yakundaga kubikora mu bwana, nubwo ivanguramoko, ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, n'amacakubiri byamucaga intege mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004" /> : 9  Mu 1948, kubera igitutu cy’umuryango we, Ringgold yiyandikishije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Umujyi wa New York yiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi, ariko ahatirwa kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi, kubera ko City College yemereraga [[Umugore|abagore]] kwiyandikisha mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2015 |title=About: Our History |url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/about/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326194615/https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/about/history |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |access-date=February 27, 2018 |website=The City College of New York}}</ref> <ref name="CreatingOwnImage-2011">{{Cite book |last=Farrington |first=Lisa |year=2011 |title=Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-199-76760-1 |location=Oxford |oclc=57005944}}</ref> : 134 Mu 1950, yashakanye numuntu wakundaga gucuranga piano witwa Robert Earl Wallace babyarana abana babiri, Michele na Barbara Faith Wallace, mu 1952. <ref name=":1" /> Ringgold na Wallace batandukanye nyuma yimyaka ine kubera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine . <ref name="WeFlewOverTheBridge-1995">{{Cite book |last=Ringgold |first=Faith |year=1995 |title=We Flew Over the Bridge: The Memoirs of Faith Ringgold |url=https://archive.org/details/weflewoverbridge00ring |publisher=Little Brown & Co. |isbn=978-0-821-22071-9 |location=Boston |oclc=607544394 |url-access=registration}}</ref> : 54 Hagati aho, yiganye n'abahanzi Robert Gwathmey na Yasuo Kuniyoshi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faith Ringgold |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100421964 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415181130/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100421964 |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2023 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en}}</ref> Yamenyekanye kandi n’umucapyi Robert Blackburn, bazafatanya gukurikiranya ibicapo nyuma yimyaka 30. <ref name="AViewFromTheStudio-2004">{{Cite book |last=Holton |first=Curlee Raven |year=2004 |title=A View From the Studio |url=https://archive.org/details/faithringgoldvie0000holt |publisher=Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum |isbn=978-1-593-73045-1 |location=Boston |oclc=59132090 |url-access=registration}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolton2004">Holton, Curlee Raven (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:faithringgoldvie0000holt|''A View From the Studio'']]</span>. Boston: Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-593-73045-1|<bdi>978-1-593-73045-1</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59132090 59132090].</cite></ref> : 29  Mu 1955, Ringgold yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri City College hanyuma bidatinze yigisha muri gahunda y’ishuri rusange rya New York City. <ref name="Ringgold-Chron-2015">{{Cite web |last=Ringgold |first=Faith |title=Faith Ringgold Chronology |url=http://www.faithringgold.com/ringgold/chron_rev.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222031812/http://www.faithringgold.com/ringgold/chron_rev.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |access-date=September 12, 2015 |website=Faith Ringgold}}</ref> Mu 1959, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri City College yajyanye na nyina n’abakobwa be mu rugendo rwe rwa mbere mu Burayi. Igihe <ref name="Ringgold-Chron-2015" /> bari mu rugendo mu mahanga i Paris, Florence, na Roma, yasuye ingoro ndangamurage nyinshi, harimo na Louvre . Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yashishikarije urukurikirane rw'ibishushanyo bizwi ku izina ''ry'Igifaransa'' (1991–1997). Uru rugendo rwaciwe mu buryo butunguranye, ariko, kubera urupfu rwa murumuna we mu 1961. Ringgold, nyina n’abakobwa be bose basubiye muri Amerika kumushyingura. <ref name="WeFlewOverTheBridge-1995">{{Cite book |last=Ringgold |first=Faith |year=1995 |title=We Flew Over the Bridge: The Memoirs of Faith Ringgold |url=https://archive.org/details/weflewoverbridge00ring |publisher=Little Brown & Co. |isbn=978-0-821-22071-9 |location=Boston |oclc=607544394 |url-access=registration}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRinggold1995">Ringgold, Faith (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:weflewoverbridge00ring|''We Flew Over the Bridge: The Memoirs of Faith Ringgold'']]</span>. Boston: Little Brown & Co. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-821-22071-9|<bdi>978-0-821-22071-9</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607544394 607544394].</cite></ref> : 141 Yashakanye na Burdette Ringgold ku ya 19 Gicurasi 1962. <ref name="Ringgold-Chron-2015" /> Ringgold yasuye Afurika y'Iburengerazuba inshuro ebyiri: rimwe mu 1976 na none mu 1977. Izi ngendo zagize uruhare runini mu gukora mask, gushushanya ibipupe, n'ibishusho. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Farrington |first=Lisa E. |date=2004 |title=Faith Ringgold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oB_JT9UT0j0C&pg=PA63 |last2=Ringgold |first2=Faith |publisher=Pomegranate |isbn=978-0-7649-2761-4 |pages=63, 107 |language=en}}</ref> == Ibikorwa by'ubugeni == Ubuhanzi bwa Ringgold bwari butandukanye cyane. Harimo gushushanya,kubihangano bikozwe mu bisigazwa bya palasitike, amabuye nibindi, gutunganya amashusho n'ibikorwa by'ubuhanzi no gutunganya ibitabo by'abana. Nkumwarimu, yigishije muri sisitemu yishuri rusange rya New York City ndetse no kurwego rwa kaminuza. Mu 1973, yaretse kwigisha ishuri rya Leta kugira ngo yitangire guhanga ibihangano igihe cyose. Mu 1995, yegerejwe na ACA Galleries kugirango abahagararire wenyine kandi yari ahagarariwe nabo ubuzima bwe bwose. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=About Faith |url=https://www.faithringgold.com/about-faith/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821204107/https://www.faithringgold.com/about-faith/ |archive-date=August 21, 2023 |access-date=February 15, 2023 |website=FaithRinggold.com}}</ref> === Gushushanya === == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} on1hzeak34hbhk0mtk9gmmugt1abfqp 0 21323 149240 134535 2026-11-07T19:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 30 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149240 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''David Adedeji Adeleke''' {{Small|[[Order of the Niger|OON]]}} (wavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1992), uzwi ku izina rya '''Davido''', ni umuririmbyi wo muri Nijeriya-Amerika, umwanditsi w'indirimbo ndetse na producer. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Buhari Confers Special National Honours on 340 Nigerians, Bestows GCON on Anyaoku – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/05/28/buhari-confers-special-national-honours-on-340-nigerians-bestows-gcon-on-anyaoku/ |access-date=May 29, 2023 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref name="MTV Base 1">{{Cite web |title=Davido – Full Biography |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/music/artists/davido/#bio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217132925/http://www.mtvbase.com/music/artists/davido/#bio |archive-date=December 17, 2013 |access-date=December 24, 2013 |publisher=MTV Base}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2012 |title=Dami duro for launch today |url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/dami-duro-for-launch-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317003645/http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/dami-duro-for-launch-today/ |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |access-date=March 16, 2014 |publisher=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Davido yavukiye i Atlanta, muri Amerika, akurira i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Yatangiye umuziki we nkumunyamuryango witsinda KB International. Davido yize imiyoborere yubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Oakwood mbere yo kuva mu ishuri kugira ngo akubite kandi yandike amajwi. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gusohora " Dami Duro ", indirimbo ya kabiri muri alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Omo Baba Olowo'' (2012), aho yavuyemo izindi ndirimbo esheshatu - "Back when", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of you", "Gbon Gbon" na "Feel alright" - bafashwe. Muri 2012, Davido yatsindiye igihembo bikurikiraho muri The Headies Hagati ya 2013 na 2015, yasohoye indirimbo " Gobe ", "one of a kind", " Skelewu ", " Aye ", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" na "The Money". Muri Mutarama 2016, Davido yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Twitter ko yasinyanye amasezerano na Sony Music nyuma y'amezi make, ashinga inzu itunganya imiziki yitwa Davido Music Worldwide, aho abahanzi barimo Morravey na Logos Olori basinyemo amasezerano. Muri Nyakanga 2016, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano na RCA Records ya Sony maze mu Kwakira muri uwo mwaka, asohora indirimbo eshanu Yaguwe (EP) ''son of Mercy'', yari ishyigikiwe n’indirimbo "Gbagbe Oshi", "How long" na "Coolest Kid in Africa ". Muri Mata 2017, Davido yongeye kugirana amasezerano na Sony kubera ibibazo byo kugenzura ibihangano hanyuma nyuma yuwo mwaka, asohora indirimbo eshanu zirimo "IF" na " Fall ". <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 111">{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=OBO is the hottest Nigerian musician of 2017 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obo-is-the-hottest-nigerian-musician-of-2017/e4hnnp0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201447/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obo-is-the-hottest-nigerian-musician-of-2017/e4hnnp0 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref>''​'' <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 111" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=February 6, 2019 |title=Davido's 'Fall' Is the Longest-Charting Nigerian Pop Song in Billboard History |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140233/https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2019, Davido yasohoye alubumu(umuzingo) ye ya kabiri ya studio ''A Good Time'', yatewe inkunga n’indirimbo zasohotse mbere "IF", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" na "Risky". Muri 2019, ikinyamakuru ''New African'' cyashyize ahagaragara Davido nk'umwe mu Banyafurika 100 bakomeye. Album ye ya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Ventures |date=October 9, 2019 |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 most influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> studio, ''Igihe cyiza'', yasohotse ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 2020. Muri Gashyantare 2021, Davido yagaragaye ku rutonde rukurikira rwa Time 100 . Yasohoye ''Timeless'', alubumu ye ya kane ya studio, ku ya 31 Werurwe 2023. Davido ni ambasaderi w’umuco muri [[Nijeriya]] nijwi rikomeye ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Afurika. <ref name="Puma 123">{{Cite web |last=Pflock |first=Denise |date=December 17, 2021 |title=Davido, one of Africa's most successful artists, joins PUMA as a global brand ambassador |url=https://www.puma-catchup.com/davido-one-of-africas-most-successful-artists-joins-puma-as-a-global-brand-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220193943/https://www.puma-catchup.com/davido-one-of-africas-most-successful-artists-joins-puma-as-a-global-brand-ambassador/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |access-date=December 20, 2022 |website=PUMA CAtch up |language=en-US}}</ref> Ni umwe kandi mu bahanzi bakunzwe cyane muri Afurika kuri Instagram na Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2021 |title=Top 15 most followed Nigerian celebrities on Instagram {{!}} The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/top-15-most-followed-nigerian-celebrities-on-instagram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220194903/https://thenationonlineng.net/top-15-most-followed-nigerian-celebrities-on-instagram/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |access-date=December 20, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naijacreep.com |date=February 3, 2023 |title=List Of Luxurious Cars Owned By Davido (Pictures) |url=https://naijacreep.com/post/8958824501/List-Of-Luxurious-Cars-Owned-By-Davido-Pictures |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Naijacreep.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124074612/https://naijacreep.com/post/8958824501/List-Of-Luxurious-Cars-Owned-By-Davido-Pictures |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuto n'amashuri == David Adedeji Adeleke yavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1992, avukira i Atlanta, Jeworujiya, Amerika. <ref name="MTV Base 1"/> [[Adedeji Adeleke|Adeleke]] (wavutse 1957) ni igihangange mu bucuruzi ukomoka muri [[Nijeriya]], naho nyina Vero Adeleke (1963–2003) yari umwarimu wa kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2013 |title=Wealthy parents, super star kids |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214836/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/ |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |publisher=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Davido Biography |url=https://www.detectmind.com/davido-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-car-house-children-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214836/https://www.detectmind.com/davido-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-car-house-children-more/ |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2022 |publisher=Detect Mind}}</ref> Davido ni umuhererezi muri barumuna batanu n'umuhungu wa gatatu wa se. <ref name="GQ Magazine">{{Cite news |last=Johnston |first=Kathleen |date=December 9, 2019 |title=Davido: 'Ten years ago it wasn't cool to be African, but now it's all changed' |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/davido-interview-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216011724/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/davido-interview-2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |work=[[GQ Magazine]]}}</ref> <ref name="Native Magazine 104">{{Cite web |last=Toye Sokunbi |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Davido vs. The World |url=https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221204221/https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/ |archive-date=December 21, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri mpuzamahanga ry’Abongereza i Lagos, maze afite imyaka 16, asubira muri Amerika kwiga ibijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Oakwood . <ref name="GQ Magazine" /> <ref name="Bellanaija">{{Cite web |last=Adeola Adeyemo |date=February 4, 2012 |title=BN Saturday Celebrity Interview: "You Can't Stop Me!" 2012′s Hottest Star, Davido – The Music, The Fame, The Fans & More! |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193510/http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Igihe yari i Oakwood, Davido yaguze ibikoresho bya muzika atangira gukora. <ref name="The Fader">{{Cite web |last=Rawiya Kameir |title=Davido's upbringing was almost impossibly blessed. Now, he's leveraging his resources to model the future of African pop. |url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094910/http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> Yakoze kandi umuziki KB International hamwe na babyara be B-Red na Sina Rambo. <ref name="Bellanaija"/> Davido yavuye muri kaminuza ya Oakwood gukurikirana umuziki igihe cyose yimukira i Londres, ari naho yakoraga mu majwi ye. <ref name="The Fader" /> Nyuma yo gusubira muri Nijeriya mu 2011, Davido yahagaritse umwuga we wa muzika maze yemera ko yubaha se yiyandikisha muri kaminuza ya Babcock, ari naho yarangije muri Nyakanga 2015, afite impamyabumenyi y’umuziki nyuma yuko se yishyuye kaminuza kugira ngo atangire ishami ry’umuziki mu ishuri ryatangije umunyeshuri umwe. <ref name="The Fader" /> <ref>{{Cite news |date=June 7, 2015 |title=Davido graduates from Babcock University |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/davido-graduates-from-babcock-university/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924140650/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/davido-graduates-from-babcock-university/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=The Vanguard}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Intangiriro Y'umwuga === Muri 2011, Davido yatangiye gukora kuri alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Omo Baba Olowo'', ikaba ivanze na Afrobeats na hip hop . Davido yakoranye na Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Bwana Chidoo, Theory Soundz na Shizzi gukora alubumu. ''Omo Baba Olowo'' agaragaramo abashyitsi kuva Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Umutuku, Kayswitch, Ice Prince na 2 Face Idibia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tayo, Ayomide |date=July 18, 2012 |title=Davido – 'Omo Baba Olowo' [Album review]: Money can solve everything except perfection |url=https://thenet.ng/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811002558/http://thenet.ng/2012/07/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/ |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |access-date=March 18, 2014 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan, Toni |date=July 31, 2012 |title=Album review: Davido's O.B.O Genesis |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014210620/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/ |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |access-date=March 18, 2014 |publisher=Africa Magic}}</ref> Muri rusange yakiriwe nabi nabanenga umuziki, berekanaga ibiyikubiyemo ndetse n’indirimbo za Davido. Iyi alubumu yatsindiye Album nziza ya R & B / Pop kandi yahawe igihembo cya Album yumwaka muri The Headies 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2013 and Full List of winners |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231501/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |publisher=Osun Defender}}</ref> ndetse na Album nziza yumwaka muri Nigeriya Imyidagaduro 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Micheal Abimboye |date=May 31, 2013 |title=Nigerian Entertainment Award announces 2013 nominees |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306125132/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2014 |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Indirimbo "Yagarutse Iyo" ya Naeto C yasohotse nk'indirimbo ya mbere ya alubumu ku ya 7 Gicurasi 2011. Yakorewe i Londres <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2012 |title=Davido – Dami duro (Exclusive interview) |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfn_vcEeDgs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317050442/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfn_vcEeDgs |archive-date=March 17, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> na Davido kandi yakiraga kenshi mu kirere. <ref name="MTV Base">{{Cite web |last=Adoti |first=Olive |date=November 24, 2020 |title=Davido biography and his net worth |url=https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029140321/https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |website=Legit.ng – Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> 9 Gicurasi 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olamide |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Davido Biography & Achievement 2024 |url=https://naijapickup.com/music/artistes/davido/ |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=Naija media |publisher=Jide |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707093459/https://naijapickup.com/music/artistes/davido/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayo Jaguda |date=May 7, 2011 |title=Bubbling Under/Davido – Back When Ft Naeto C |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/05/07/bubbling-under-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726133246/http://jaguda.com/2011/05/07/bubbling-under-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2011 |title=360Fresh: Davido – Back When ft. Naeto C |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2011/06/360fresh-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095936/https://www.360nobs.com/2011/06/360fresh-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 9, 2011 |title=VIDEO Premiere: Davido – Back When ft Naeto C |url=http://notjustok.com/2011/05/09/video-premiere-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826162137/http://notjustok.com/2011/05/09/video-premiere-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2011 |title=Davido – Dami Duro |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2011/10/31/davido-%E2%80%93-dami-duro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112075251/http://tooxclusive.com/2011/10/31/davido-%e2%80%93-dami-duro/ |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Tooxclusive}}</ref> Indirimbo yamenyekanye nyuma y'amezi atatu yohereje kuri bamwe mu nshuti ze. Amashusho y'indirimbo aherekejwe na "Dami Duro" yashyizwe ahagaragara ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2011 |title=Davido (NotjustOk Hype) |url=http://notjustok.com/2011/12/20/davido-notjustok-hype/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122064022/http://notjustok.com/2011/12/20/davido-notjustok-hype/ |archive-date=January 22, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |publisher=Notjustok}}</ref> Mutarama 2012, ubwo imyigaragambyo yigarurira Nigeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilfred Okiche |date=January 10, 2012 |title=#InCaseyouMissedIt Hot Stuff: Davido drops video for 'Dami Duro' |url=http://www.ynaija.com/incaseyoumissedit-hot-stuff-davido-drops-video-for-dami-duro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926101426/https://ynaija.com/incaseyoumissedit-hot-stuff-davido-drops-video-for-dami-duro/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> Indirimbo ya gatatu ya Album "Ekuro" yasohotse ku ya 25 Mutarama 2012. Amashusho y’indirimbo yafashwe amajwi kandi ayobowe na Miami na Antwan Smith. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2012 |title=NEW VIDEO: DAVIDO – Ekuro |url=http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215164224/http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=March 19, 2014 |publisher=Nigerian Eye}}</ref> Umuhanzi wo muri Nigeriya Aramide yasohoye igifuniko cyindirimbo. Indirimbo ya kane ya Album "Hanze" yasohotse ku ya 6 Gicurasi <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2013 |title=Aramide Drops R&B Cover Of Davido's 'Ekuro' |url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709150300/http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/ |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |access-date=March 19, 2014 |publisher=Channels TV}}</ref> verisiyo itarangiye yindirimbo yasohotse mbere yuko isohoka kumugaragaro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 6, 2012 |title=Official Version: Davido – Overseas ft Sina Rambo |url=http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417165205/http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |archive-date=April 17, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2012 |title=New Music: Davido – Overseas ft. Sina Rambo |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418214150/http://jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo |archive-date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> Davido yavuze ko yafashe indirimbo hamwe na GospelOnDeBeatz 'bahuriye mu isoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2012 |title=FACTORY78 – Davido full interview / Album Review Pt1. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309234704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=YouTube}}</ref> === 2013–2016: Isohora risanzwe, ''Baddest'' na ''Son of Mercy'' === [[Dosiye:Davido_Performance_in_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Davido aririmbira muri Tanzaniya]] Ku ya 25 Gashyantare 2013, Davido yasohoye inzira yakozwe na Shizzi " Gobe ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Davido returns with 'Gobe' video |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912223834/http://www.dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/ |archive-date=September 12, 2013 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Daily Independent}}</ref> <ref name="Premium Times Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Micheal Abimboye |date=December 29, 2013 |title=Wande Coal, Davido, others make Premium Times Top 10 songs of 2013 |url=http://premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702122710/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html |archive-date=July 2, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> umwanya wa kabiri ku rutonde rwa ''Premium Times'' ' 10 za mbere za 2013 ''.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles Mgbolu |date=February 26, 2013 |title=Davido releases hot new video 'Gobe' |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095658/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> Godfather Productions yafashe amashusho y'indirimbo muri Afrika yepfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onos |date=February 26, 2013 |title=New Video: Davido – Gobe |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223437/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Davido yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Twitter "one of kind" izasohoka ku ya 13 Gicurasi 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachel Ogbu |date=May 14, 2013 |title=It's official: Davido releases new single, 'One of a kind' [DOWNLOAD] |url=http://www.ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926101429/https://ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> Shizzl nawe yakoze iyi ndirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 13, 2013 |title=OFFICIAL Premiere: Davido – One of A Kind (Prod by Shizzi) |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827122256/http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/ |archive-date=August 27, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> Tebza wa Godfather Productions yafashe amajwi anayobora amashusho yindirimbo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] ; yerekana Afurika yunze ubumwe ikungahaye ku muco n'umuziki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2013 |title=New Video: Davido – One Of A Kind |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143306/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> " Skelewu " yasohotse ku ya 13 Kanama 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Davido – Skelewu (Prod. Shizzi) |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/08/13/davido-skelewu-prod-shizzi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117114600/http://notjustok.com/2013/08/13/davido-skelewu-prod-shizzi/ |archive-date=January 17, 2014 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatanu ku rutonde rwa ''Premium Times'' ' rutonde rw’indirimbo 10 za mbere za <ref name="Premium Times Nigeria"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Get Familiar: Davido – Skelewu |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/08/get-familiar-davido-skelewu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926142940/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/08/get-familiar-davido-skelewu/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> irekurwa ryaherekejwe no gutangaza amarushanwa yo kubyina "Skelewu". <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2013 |title=Davido & HKN Gang SKELEWU Instructioinal Dance Video |url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/davido-hkn-gang-skelewu-instructioinal-dance-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201163850/http://africanmuzikmag.com/davido-hkn-gang-skelewu-instructioinal-dance-video/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=African Muzik Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Davido & HKN Gang SKELEWU Instructioinal Dance Video |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2013/08/19/video-davido-hkn-shut-off-lekki-road-dancing-skelewu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130223610/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2013/08/19/video-davido-hkn-shut-off-lekki-road-dancing-skelewu/ |archive-date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> "Skelewu" yashyigikiwe n'amashusho abiri y'indirimbo; <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Davido – Skelewu (Video) |url=http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226034102/http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/ |archive-date=December 26, 2013 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=Prisoner of Class}}</ref> iyambere yayobowe na Sesan isohoka ku ya 15 Ukwakira 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Video: Davido – Skelewu |url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201163854/http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=African Muzik Magazine}}</ref> Yashyizwe kuri YouTube ikoresheje konte ya parody. Nyuma gato yo gusohora amashusho, Davido yavuze ko hari umuntu wamuhemukiye ayirekura kandi ko azakora indi videwo hamwe na Moe Musa, umuyobozi w’amashusho y’indirimbo mu Bwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2013 |title=Davido Addresses Unofficial Leaked Video For 'Skelewu' |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100329/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> Sesan yanenze Davido n'ubuyobozi bwe kuba barasohoye amagambo atari yo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2013 |title=Davido is irresponsible, immature –Sesan |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112080015/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/ |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=January 12, 2014 |publisher=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bob Alash |date=October 16, 2013 |title=Davido Approved Skelewu Video Before The Released – Video Director; Sesan Releases Press Statement! |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135719/http://jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/ |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> Moa Musa yafashe amajwi anayobora amashusho yindirimbo yemewe ya "Skelewu" i Londres, kandi yasohotse mu Kwakira 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles Mgbolu |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Davido releases official 'Skelewu' video |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100723/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> Ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2014, Davido yasohoye " Aye ", yakozwe na T-Spize. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2021 |title=DavidoAt10: Top ten songs of all time |url=https://punchng.com/davidoat10-top-ten-songs-of-all-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140229/https://punchng.com/davidoat10-top-ten-songs-of-all-time/ |archive-date=May 4, 2022 |access-date=May 4, 2022 |website=Punch NG}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen Amaza |date=February 2, 2014 |title=360Hawt: Davido – AYE |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/02/360hawt-davido-aye/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144944/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/02/360hawt-davido-aye/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360Nobs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani Ogunjimi |date=February 5, 2014 |title=Davido's Aye Video Out Friday |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/davidos-aye-video-out-friday |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207223256/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/davidos-aye-video-out-friday |archive-date=February 7, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]] {{!}} [[archive.is]]}}</ref> indirimbo yayobowe na Clarence Peters asohoka ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2014. Indirimbo ya Davido yakoranye na Mafikizolo wo muri Afurika yepfo, yiswe "Tchelete (Goodlife)", yasohotse ku ya 30 Mata 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2014 |title=Nigerian Pop Star Davido's "Aye" Music Video Breaks Records |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/nigerian-pop-star-davidos-aye-music-video-breaks-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715162821/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/nigerian-pop-star-davidos-aye-music-video-breaks-record |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=Face 2 Face Africa}}</ref> <ref name="BellaNaija 450">{{Cite web |last=Deji S |date=April 30, 2014 |title=New Music: Davido & Mafikizolo – Tchelete (Goodlife) |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/new-music-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102103748/https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/new-music-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> na Oskido na Shizzi, ikwirakwizwa na [[MTN Rwanda|MTN]] ya Play na Callertunez. <ref name="BellaNaija 450" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2014 |title=New revenue stream unity |url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/124741-1022-53-New_revenue_stream_unity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030720/http://www.thenewage.co.za/124741-1022-53-New_revenue_stream_unity |archive-date=May 8, 2014 |access-date=May 7, 2014 |website=The New Age Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2014 |title=MTN Business &#124; Virtual Press Office |url=http://www.biztechafrica.com/press/mtn-business//article/mtn-launches-musical-collaboration-between-south-a/8083/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042100/http://www.biztechafrica.com/press/mtn-business//article/mtn-launches-musical-collaboration-between-south-a/8083/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Biztechafrica.com}}</ref> na Mafikizolo mu birori byabereye muri [[MTN Rwanda|MTN Nigeriya]] ya Elite Night mu Kuboza 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2014 |title=New Video: Davido & Mafikizolo – Tchelete (Goodlife) |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/new-video-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102103746/https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/new-video-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> Oskido na Uhuru bagaragaye muri videwo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanessa Okoth-Obbo |date=May 2, 2014 |title=Davido x Mafikizolo 'Tchelete (Goodlife)' |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/2014/05/02/mafikizolo-davido-tchelete-goodlife-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042849/http://www.okayafrica.com/2014/05/02/mafikizolo-davido-tchelete-goodlife-video/ |archive-date=May 8, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Okayafrica.com}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Davido.jpg|thumb|Davido muri Afurika 2014 Magic Viewers Choice Awards]] Muri Kamena 2014, Davido yakoranye na Mi Casa, Lola Rae, Sarkodie, Diamond Platnumz na Tiwa Savage mu ndirimbo "Africa Rising", indirimbo yakoreshejwe mu gikorwa cy'uruganda rwa DStv cyo guteza imbere ibikorwa by'ishoramari mu rwego rw'imibereho myiza. Video y'indirimbo yafashwe amajwi kandi yayobowe n'inzu yo gutunganya indirimbo yo muri Afurika y'Epfo Callback Dreams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaggwa |first=Andrew |date=June 29, 2014 |title=DStv launches new campaign to inspire Africa |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024039/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |website=[[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer]]}}</ref> Aba bahanzi baririmbye iyi ndirimbo mu birori byo gutangiza Africa Rising muri Mauritius.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2014 |title=Lindiwe rocks Africa Rising extravaganza |url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726190902/http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |website=Zambia Daily Mail}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2015, Davido yashyize hanze indirimbo ya "Fans Mi" yafashije Meek Mill. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Motolani Alake |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Here are the 10 hottest Nigerian artists of the decade (The 2010s) |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192144/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Mbere yo kurekurwa, yashutse abafana akoresheje amajwi n'amafoto y'inyuma y'ibisonga bya videwo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew Somuah |date=June 10, 2015 |title=Nigerian Artist Davido links up with Meek Mill for "Fans Mi" |url=https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182925/https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=The Source}}</ref> Album ya Davido The Baddest yari iteganyijwe gusohoka muri Kamena 2015<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938">{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=April 14, 2015 |title=HKN star unveils tracklist for new album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162025/https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> ariko gusohoka kwayo byasubitswe ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira uwo mwaka.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 740">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2015 |title=Why singer's 2nd album "Baddest" has not been released |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215210314/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Hashize iminsi ibiri mbere y'uwo munsi, gusohoka byongeye gutangwa kuko ikigo kitamenyekanye cyatanze igitekerezo cyo kugitanga.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 740" /> Davido yari yarashyize hanze Igishushanyo cy'indirimbo ya album no ku rutonde rw'indirimbo mu ntangiriro z'uwo mwaka. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> The Baddest yari ifite gahunda yo gutunganya ibijyanye na Shizzi, Del B, Spellz, J Fem, Don Jazzy, Puffy Tee, Uhuru, Kiddominant na Young John. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> Nanone byari kuzitabirwa n'abahanzi nka P-Square, Don Jazzy, Runtown, Uhuru, DJ Buckz, Akon, Meek Mill, Wale na Trey Songz. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> Muri Mutarama 2016, Davido yatangaje kuri Twitter ko yasinye amasezerano ya disiki na Sony Music; itangazo rye rivugwaho n'abantu batandukanye. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rotimi Agbana |date=January 23, 2016 |title=Mixed reactions greet Davido's new deal with Sony Music |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/mixed-reactions-greet-davidos-new-deal-with-sony-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094410/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/mixed-reactions-greet-davidos-new-deal-with-sony-music/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=Vanguard}}</ref> Iki kigo cy'ubuhanzi cyashyize ahagaragara itangazo ry'itangazamakuru ryo kwemeza amasezerano. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2016 |editor-last=Daniel Anazia |title=Sony Music Entertainment Confirms Deal With Davido |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045506/http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> amasezerano Davido yagiranye na Sony yasabye ko asohora albums ebyiri, kandi amwemerera gukomeza uburenganzira ku muziki no kuririmba mu bitaramo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2016 |title=Singer to release two albums with Sony Music |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165525/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j |archive-date=December 21, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Amezi make nyuma yo gusinyana na Sony, Davido yashinze label yanditseho Davido Music Worldwide (DMW). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=April 6, 2016 |title=End of HKN Music as pop star launches new label, fights with B-Red? |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-end-of-hkn-music-as-pop-star-launches-new-label-fights-with-b-red-id4932061.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050910/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-end-of-hkn-music-as-pop-star-launches-new-label-fights-with-b-red-id4932061.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Dremo, Mayorkun, Yonda na Peruzzi kuri ubu basinywe muri label. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2017 |title=Singer signs new artist Peruzzi to DMW |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-signs-new-artist-peruzzi-to-dmw/2d7nmzs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102105332/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-signs-new-artist-peruzzi-to-dmw/2d7nmzs |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=February 20, 2017 |title=Lola Rae and Dammy Krane are not signed to singer's record label |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-lola-rae-and-dammy-krane-are-not-signed-to-singers-record-label-id6253778.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924052441/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-lola-rae-and-dammy-krane-are-not-signed-to-singers-record-label-id6253778.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2016, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano na RCA Records . Amasezerano yanditse na <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=July 23, 2016 |title=Singer signs new deal with RCA Records |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-singer-signs-new-deal-with-rca-records-id5300173.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050937/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-singer-signs-new-deal-with-rca-records-id5300173.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> yahinduye gahunda yo ' ''Baddest'' . Nk’uko <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 503">{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Singer's ''Baddest'' album may not be released in 2016. |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singers-baddest-album-may-not-be-released-in-2016/w85e47r |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215210105/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singers-baddest-album-may-not-be-released-in-2016/w85e47r |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> ibivuga, amasezerano Davido yagiranye na Sony yasabye ko alubumu yitabirwa n’amahanga kugira ngo yemererwe ku isi hose. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 503" /> Mu Kwakira 2016, yasohoye inzira eshanu EP ''Umuhungu w’Impuhwe'', washyigikiwe n’indirimbo "Gbagbe Oshi", "Igihe kingana iki", "Coolest Kid in Africa"; <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2016 |title=Sony Music star releases "Son Of Mercy" EP |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-sony-music-star-releases-son-of-mercy-ep/552qxy0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140050/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-sony-music-star-releases-son-of-mercy-ep/552qxy0 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> kandi ikubiyemo abashyitsi bagaragara na [[:en:Simi_(singer)|Simi]], [[:en:Tinashe|Tinashe]] na [[:en:Nasty_C|Nasty C.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabo Kpade |date=October 19, 2016 |title=It's Pop, Not Afro-Pop: On the Impact of Davido's 'Son of Mercy' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-son-of-mercy-review-pop-not-afro-pop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140259/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-son-of-mercy-review-pop-not-afro-pop/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> === 2017–2018: "If", "Fall", "Fia" and "Assurance" === [[Dosiye:When_you_do_what_you_love.jpg|left|thumb|Davido ahuza urugwiro n'abafana mu gitaramo cya 2018]] Davido yatsindiye ibihembo byiza bya Afrika muri MOBO Awards 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 30, 2017 |title=MOBO Awards 2017: Wizkid and Davido win big |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42177783 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804225428/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42177783 |archive-date=August 4, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2018 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Gashyantare 2017, yasohoye "Niba", <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2017 |title=If – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175742/https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054 |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> yakozwe na Tekno, wanditse umuzimu wanditse inzira ya Davido. <ref name="OkayAfrica 2">{{Cite web |last=Sabo Kpade |date=February 20, 2017 |title=Hear Davido's New Single 'If,' Produced By Tekno |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829014241/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/ |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Amashusho yindirimbo "Niba" amaze gukwirakwizwa inshuro zirenga miliyoni 172 kuri YouTube, bituma abona umwanya muri videwo ye yitwaye neza. <ref name="Trybe City Blog">{{Cite web |last=Trybe |first=City |date=September 9, 2023 |title=Nigerian Music's Global Impact: The Top Ten Most-Viewed YouTube Music Videos |url=https://www.trybecity.com/2023/09/09/nigerian-musics-global-impact-the-top-ten-most-viewed-youtube-music-videos/ |access-date=October 16, 2023 |website=Trybe City Blog |publisher=Peaceful Esther |ref=Trybe |archive-date=October 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018005908/https://www.trybecity.com/2023/09/09/nigerian-musics-global-impact-the-top-ten-most-viewed-youtube-music-videos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yari diyama yemejwe n’inganda zandika amajwi muri Afurika yepfo (RISA), yerekana kohereza ibicuruzwa 200.000. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 221">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2018 |title=OBO's 'If' goes Diamond, 'Fall' hits platinum in South Africa |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175826/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> "Niba" yatsindiye Indirimbo nziza ya Pop Indirimbo nziza yumwaka muri Headies 2018 . <ref name="Guardian Life 691">{{Cite web |last=Billy Praise |date=May 5, 2018 |title=The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners. |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042759/https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=Guardian Life}}</ref> Asubiramo OkayAfrica, Sabo Kpade yavuze ko iyi ndirimbo ari "gutwika buhoro" hamwe n "" urusaku rudasanzwe rwumvikana neza kandi rudafite ibikoresho ". Amashusho y'indirimbo "Niba" yafatiwe i <ref name="OkayAfrica 2" /> yayobowe na Director Q ikorwa na Tunde Babalola. <ref name="Trace TV">{{Cite web |last=Elvis Adi |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Exclusive behind the scene video : Davido's "If" |url=https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192114/https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/ |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=TRACE |publisher=Trace TV}}</ref> Davido yifatanije nuwashushanyaga imyenda yumugabo Orange Umuco wo gusohora icyegeranyo cya capsule cyahumetswe na "Niba". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olamide Olarewaju |date=September 13, 2017 |title=1st look at designer, singer's capsule collection in Selfridges |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215135406/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Davido Yasohoye indirimbo "Fall",ikubiyemo igice cy'indirimbo Kojo Funds's track "Dun Talking",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobi Akingbade |date=November 29, 2017 |title=Afrobeat singer Davido asks haters 'are you God?' after strings of plagiarism accusations |url=https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/29/afrobeat-singer-davido-asks-haters-are-you-god-after-strings-of-plagiarism-accusations-7119432/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192110/https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/29/afrobeat-singer-davido-asks-haters-are-you-god-after-strings-of-plagiarism-accusations-7119432/ |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=March 17, 2019 |website=[[Metro.co.uk]]}}</ref> muri Kamena 2, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Fall – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fall-single/1243164651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192110/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fall-single/1243164651 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> RISA yemeje "Fall" platinum;<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 221"/> Iyo ndirimbo yari imwe mu ndirimbo 100 zakunzwe cyane gushakishwa kuri [[:en:Shazam|Shazam]] muri Amerika muri Mutarama 2019, kandi yari mu ndirimbo 10 zakunzwe cyane kuri Shazam muri New York muri Gashyantare 2019,Yabaye indirimbo ya pop y’Abanyanigeria imaze igihe kirekire ku rutonde rwa ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]'' mu mateka .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=February 6, 2019 |title=Davido's 'Fall' Is the Longest-Charting Nigerian Pop Song in Billboard History |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140233/https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> "Fall" yashyizwe ku mwanya 163 ku rutonde rwa Pitchfork rw'indirmbo 200 nziza za mbere mu za 2010s kugeza 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2019 |title=The 200 Best Songs of the 2010s |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-songs-of-the-2010s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011032035/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-songs-of-the-2010s/ |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=October 12, 2019 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Umuyobozi w’amashusho wavukiye muri Nigeria akaba Umunyaburayi, Daps, ni we wayoboye gufata video y’indirimbo ya "Fall",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=August 19, 2019 |title=5 leading Nigerian music video directors you should know |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/5-leading-nigerian-music-video-directors-you-should-know/2vw9l3v |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617135244/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/5-leading-nigerian-music-video-directors-you-should-know/2vw9l3v |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |access-date=May 18, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> mu Ugushyingo 2023 yari imaze kurebwa inshuro zisaga miliyoni 274, ikaba ari video imaze kurebwa cyane cyane n’umuhanzi w’Umunya-Nigeria kuri YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Davido's 'Fall' becomes most viewed video by a Nigerian artist on Youtube |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-fall-is-most-viewed-nigerian-music-video-on-youtube/45vhcn1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192106/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-fall-is-most-viewed-nigerian-music-video-on-youtube/45vhcn1 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=March 17, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017, Davido yasohoye "Fia" <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2017 |title=FIA Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-single/1309765542 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223606/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-single/1309765542 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> yakozwe na Fresh VDM kandi isobanurwa nk'inzira nziza . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2017 |title=Who is Fresh VDM, the producer behind OBO's instant hit 'FIA'? |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-who-is-fresh-vdm-the-producer-behind-obos-instant-hit-fia/gd89l3w |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215225913/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-who-is-fresh-vdm-the-producer-behind-obos-instant-hit-fia/gd89l3w |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="Native Magazine 51">{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Best New Music: Davido has something to say about avoiding drama on new track, "Fia" |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/hear-davidos-soulful-new-track-fia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223612/https://thenativemag.com/music/hear-davidos-soulful-new-track-fia/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Ku murongo wa kabiri, Davido avuga ku ifatwa rye n’uruhare rwa Caroline Danjuma mu gukurura ibihuha yagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Tagbo Umenike. <ref name="Native Magazine 51" /> Umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru Native Magazine yashimye uburyo Davido yanditse indirimbo avuga ko "Fia" "abasha kwerekana zimwe mu ntambara aherutse kugirira ku giti cye, atiriwe yifuza mu buryo burambuye". <ref name="Native Magazine 51" /> Asubiramo umuziki muri Afurika, Kayode Faniyi yavuze ko "Fia" itanga "amakimbirane abaho" kandi ko "nta gushidikanya ko ari indirimbo y’umwuga wa Davido - nibura kugeza igihe azirenza". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koyode Faniyi |date=January 3, 2018 |title=FIA is the song of Davido's career |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/fia-song-davido%E2%80%99s-career |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223606/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/fia-song-davido%25E2%2580%2599s-career |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> Daniel Orubo wo mu miyoboro ya Konbini yavuze ko "Fia" ari inzira "ihuza" ikoresha "ijwi ryijimye" rya Davido. <ref name="Konbini Channels 2">{{Cite web |last=Daniel Orubo |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Watch The Video For Davido's Incredible New Single, 'Fia' |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-manages-to-top-if-fall-with-incredible-new-single-fia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215225935/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-manages-to-top-if-fall-with-incredible-new-single-fia |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Konbini Channels}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian Life 691"/> " yatorewe kuba Indirimbo nziza ya Pop Indirimbo nziza yumwaka muri Headies 2018. <ref name="Konbini Channels 2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2018 |title=FIA (Remix) [feat. Stefflon Don] – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-remix-feat-stefflon-don-single/1364954644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217085651/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-remix-feat-stefflon-don-single/1364954644 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> Stefflon Don yatewe inkunga na "Fia " yasohotse ku ya 30 Werurwe 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel Orubo |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Davido Teams Up With Stefflon Don For The Remix Of 'Fia' |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/davido-stefflon-don-fia-remix/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217034031/https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/davido-stefflon-don-fia-remix/ |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=Konbini Channels}}</ref> Davido yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Afurika kandi yari umwe mu bahawe ibihembo byiza ku isi hose muri MTV Europe Music Awards 2017 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Davido Wins 'Best African Act' at MTV EMAs, Wizkid Snags 3 AFRIMAs and More |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davids-wizkid-mtv-emas-afrima-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215155715/https://www.okayafrica.com/davids-wizkid-mtv-emas-afrima-awards/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2017 |title=Here are your 2017 MTV EMA Winners |url=https://www.mtvema.com/articles/9hglaf/here-are-your-2017-mtv-ema-winners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215155713/https://www.mtvema.com/articles/9hglaf/here-are-your-2017-mtv-ema-winners |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=MTV EMA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hancox |first=Dan |date=February 19, 2018 |title=Davido review – Nigerian pop superstar feels the love |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/feb/19/davido-review-brixton-academy-london |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215205922/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/feb/19/davido-review-brixton-academy-london |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019}}</ref> Davido yasohoye "Icyizere" ku ya 30 Mata 2018; yeguriye inzira umukunzi we arayirekura kugira ngo ahure n’imyaka 23 amaze avutse. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=May 3, 2018 |title=Singer's new single, ''Assurance'' hits 1M views in 24 hours |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singers-new-single-assurance-hits-1m-views-in-24-hours/2clgpjv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725004851/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singers-new-single-assurance-hits-1m-views-in-24-hours/2clgpjv |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Asubiramo ikinyamakuru ''kavukire'', Toye Sokunbi yavuze ko indirimbo "ivuga byinshi ku kamaro ko gusobanuka mu gihe cya emojis, kwemezwa n'abo dukunda no gushyira urukundo imbere, mu buryo butandukanye". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Toye Sokunbi |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Best New Music: Davido's "Assurance" Stamps Summer '18 as the Season of Love |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/davido-marks-summer-season-love-assurance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018012323/http://thenativemag.com/music/davido-marks-summer-season-love-assurance/ |archive-date=October 18, 2018 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Davido yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri BET Awards 2018, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wabonye igihembo cye kuri stage nkuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Priscilla Ward |date=June 11, 2019 |title=Interview: Davido on Taking African Music Global |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-interview-nigeria-african-music-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102095443/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-interview-nigeria-african-music-global/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Mu ijambo rye ryakiriye, yasabye abakunzi n’abahanzi bo muri Amerika gusura Afurika no kurya ibiryo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Odutayo |first=Damilola |date=June 25, 2018 |title='Come to Africa,' Nigerian star Davido urges as he lands BET award in LA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/africa/nigerian-singer-davido-wins-bet-award/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418223644/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/africa/nigerian-singer-davido-wins-bet-award/index.html |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Muri Kanama na Nzeri 2018, Davido yaririmbye mu nzu ya Blues i Boston mu rwego rwa "The Locked Up Tour", <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 109" /> yatangiye muri Kanama ikazarangira muri Nzeri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=August 1, 2018 |title=Popstar to embark on tour of the United States tagged, 'The Locked Up Tour' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-popstar-to-embark-on-tour-of-the-united-states-tagged-the-locked-up-tour/b68ksnq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182803/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-popstar-to-embark-on-tour-of-the-united-states-tagged-the-locked-up-tour/b68ksnq |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref>, nyuma y'uru ruzinduko, yakinnye hamwe na Meek Mill, Post Malone na Fat Joe mu iserukiramuco rya Made in America . <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 109">{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=September 2, 2018 |title=Singer performs with Meek Mill, Post Malone at Made In America concert [Photos] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-performs-with-meek-mill-post-malone-at-made-in-america-concert-photos/6d5nld1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182800/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-performs-with-meek-mill-post-malone-at-made-in-america-concert-photos/6d5nld1 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> === 2019: Igitaramo cya O2 Arena, "Blow My Mind", "Risky", Good time === [[Dosiye:Davido_performing_at_the_Lagos_city_Marathon_gala_2020.jpeg|thumb|Davido aririmbira mumujyi wa Lagos Marathon gala 2020]] Muri Mutarama 2019, Davido yagurishije The O2 Arena i Londres, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere w’umunyafurika wabikoze nyuma ya Wizkid mu mwaka wa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Linora |first=jj |date=March 2019 |title=Davido Talks About Being The 1st African Artiste To Sell Out O2 Arena & What It Cost Him |url=https://notjustok.com/article/interviews/davido-talks-about-being-the-1st-african-artiste-to-sell-out-o2-what-it-cost-him/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823065845/https://notjustok.com/article/interviews/davido-talks-about-being-the-1st-african-artiste-to-sell-out-o2-what-it-cost-him/ |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |access-date=August 23, 2021 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref name="GQ Magazine"/> <ref name="OkayAfrica 181">{{Cite news |last=Kam Tambini |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Watch Davido Shut Down London's O2 Arena |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-london-02-arena-video-concert-show/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924074443/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-london-02-arena-video-concert-show/ |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref name="OkayAfrica 181" /> Kwandikira ''The Guardian'' Caroline Sullivan yahaye igitaramo inyenyeri enye kuri eshanu, yita Davido "alfa" ati; "imyifatire ye myinshi iterwa n'abaraperi b'Abanyamerika bakoranye, barimo Young Thug na Swae Lee". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Caroline Sullivan |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Davido review – Afrobeats' alpha male takes Nigeria to the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jan/28/davido-review-o2-arena-london |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215190629/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jan/28/davido-review-o2-arena-london |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Inzira ya Chris Brown yafashijwe " Blow My Mind " yasohotse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Blow My Mind – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> Yakozwe na Shizzi kandi mu ntangiriro yari igamije gusohoka nk'indirimbo ya mbere ya alubumu. Amashusho yindirimbo yindirimbo yakusanyije miliyoni imwe mumasaha <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Davido And Chris Brown Release New Single "Blow My Mind" |url=https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172805/https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=RCA Records |publisher=[[RCA Records]]}}</ref> arenga "Fever" ya Wizkid na " Ngwino wegere " ahinduka amashusho yindirimbo yo muri Nigeriya kugirango agere kuri iki gikorwa vuba. Yabaye kandi amashusho yindirimbo yo <ref name="Konbini Channels 24">{{Cite web |last=Adewojumi Aderemi |date=August 1, 2019 |title=Davido's Video For 'Blow My Mind' Breaks Two YouTube Records In A Day |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |publisher=Konbini Channels}}</ref> kugirango ibone ibitekerezo byinshi mumasaha 24 yambere isohotse. <ref name="Konbini Channels 24" /> "Risky" yasohotse ku ya 23 Ukwakira <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evan Minsker |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Davido and Popcaan Share New Song "Risky": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230510/https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Amashusho y'indirimbo "Risky" yayobowe <ref name="Billboard 41" /> Alabi kandi yunamiye serivise ya televiziyo ya ''Top Boy'' . Muri <ref name="Billboard 41" />, umunyarwandakazi wo mu bakozi ba Davido na Popcaan abamenyesha abapolisi. <ref name="Billboard 41" /> Album ya kabiri ya Davido A Good Time yasohotse ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 2019; <ref name="Pitchfork 161">{{Cite web |last=Evan Minsker |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Davido and Popcaan Share New Song "Risky": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230510/https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2019 |publisher=Pitchfork}}</ref> ikubiyemo indirimbo z'indirimbo "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" na "Risky".<ref name="Pitchfork 161" /> Davido yafashe amashusho ya A Good Time i Atlanta;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jesse Bernard |date=October 24, 2019 |title=Davido's Enjoying The Best Of Both Worlds |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230508/https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=November 3, 2019 |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]}}</ref> yabwiye ikinyamakuru Vibe ko yifuzaga gufata amashusho muburyo bushya.<ref name="Vibe 121">{{Cite web |last=Stacy-Ann Ellis |date=October 15, 2019 |title=20 Minutes With Davido: The Afrobeats Giant Talks Confidence, Timing And Strong Foundations |url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/10/davido-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128020032/https://www.vibe.com/2019/10/davido-interview |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]}}</ref> Davido yavuze ko album ari [[igitabo]] cyakozwe n'abantu bose, avuga ko igizwe ahanini n'abakinnyi b'ikipe ya Afrobeats ariko ko igizwe n'ibindi bintu byo mu zindi njyana.<ref name="Vibe 121" /> Davido yatangaje izina ry'iyi album mu birori byabereye i Lagos muri Nzeri 2019 avuga ko izasohoka mu kwezi gukurikiraho.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1">{{Cite web |last=Motolani Alake |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Davido's new album, 'A Good Time' set for October release |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-new-album-a-good-time-set-for-october-release/krxhhxf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915054018/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-new-album-a-good-time-set-for-october-release/krxhhxf |archive-date=September 15, 2019 |access-date=November 3, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Nanone yashyize hanze inyandiko z'indirimbo enye zo muri album mu gihe cy'iki gitaramo. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1" /> Muri Nyakanga 2020, A Good Time yarenze miliyari 1 y'indirimbo zafashwe amajwi ku mbuga zitandukanye za digitale. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Davido's 'A Good Time' album hits 1 billion streams |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/405832-davidos-a-good-time-album-hits-1-billion-streams.html?tztc=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171135/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/405832-davidos-a-good-time-album-hits-1-billion-streams.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> === 2020–2022: ''A Better Time'' and social media fundraising === Muri Gicurasi 2020, Davido yagaragaye ari kumwe na Bwana Eazi na Tiwa Savage mu nkuru y’ikinyamakuru ''Billboard'' yise "Africa Now". <ref name="OkayAfrica 7654">{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2020 |title=Davido, Tiwa Savage and Mr Eazi Cover Billboard Magazine |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/billboard-africa-now-davido-tiwa-savage-mr-eazi-cover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218154814/https://www.okayafrica.com/billboard-africa-now-davido-tiwa-savage-mr-eazi-cover/ |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Ikiganiro cyakozwe hifashishijwe guhamagarwa kuri videwo ; abahanzi bakemuye ingingo nyinshi, zirimo ubuzima buri muri karantine na afrobeats nkicyiciro. <ref name="OkayAfrica 7654" /> Kuri Twitter, Davido yatangaje gahunda yo kumurika alubumu ye ya gatatu ya studio ''A Igihe Cyiza'' . Yavuze ko yafashe amajwi 11 kuri iyi alubumu anatangaza ko iyi nyandiko izagaragaramo " Tiwa Savage " kandi ko we n'abantu bose bakoraga kuri iyi alubumu bateranije inzira mu minsi 14. Muri <ref name="ABT">{{Cite web |last=Ekechukwu |first=Ferdinand |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Davido's Getting Set for a Better Time with Nicki Minaj |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2020/05/09/davidos-getting-set-for-a-better-time-with-nicki-minaj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414212418/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/05/09/davidos-getting-set-for-a-better-time-with-nicki-minaj/amp/ |archive-date=April 14, 2022 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=[[This Day]]}}</ref>, Davido yagaragaye kuri ''Tonight Show yakinnye na Jimmy Fallon'' kugira ngo akore agace k'indirimbo ze "D&G" na "Kugwa" kuri alubumu ''Igihe Cyiza'' . Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison Hussey |last2=Jazz Monroe |date=July 15, 2020 |title=Watch Davido Perform "D&G/Fall" Medley on Fallon |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/watch-davido-perform-d-and-g-fall-medley-on-fallon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://pitchfork.com/news/watch-davido-perform-d-and-g-fall-medley-on-fallon/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> Kanama 2020, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Grammy yatangaje ko Davido ari umushyitsi wihariye mu kiganiro cyayo cyo ku wa mbere. Yitabiriye ibirori ndangamurage bya Instagram Live, byabaye nyuma yiminsi itatu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Davido Set For GRAMMY Museum Mentorship Monday Instagram Live Event |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-set-grammy-museum-mentorship-monday-instagram-live-event |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-set-grammy-museum-mentorship-monday-instagram-live-event |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=Twitter goes wild as Davido chats with The Grammys on Instagram Live after 3-month social media hiatus |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-chats-with-the-grammys-on-instagram-live/65jgydx.amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908010556/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-chats-with-the-grammys-on-instagram-live/65jgydx.amp |archive-date=September 8, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Nzeri 2020, yasohoye indirimbo yakozwe na Dammy Twitch yise "FEM", hamwe n'amashusho yayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Youngtoff |title=Nigerian singer, Davido drops the official music video for his new singer "FEM" » Olori Media Hub |url=https://olorinews.com/davido-fem-official-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926062939/https://olorinews.com/davido-fem-official-video/ |archive-date=September 26, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |website=Olori Media Hub}}</ref> ''Igihe cyiza'' cyasohotse ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 2020. <ref name="ABT2">{{Cite news |date=September 2, 2020 |title=Davido completes work on third album |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/davido-completes-work-on-third-album/amp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903004155/https://thenationonlineng.net/davido-completes-work-on-third-album/amp/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Harimo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Lil Baby, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Chris Brown, na Young Thug, n'abandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2020 |title=Listen to Davido's New Album A Better Time, Featuring Nicki Minaj, Nas, Young Thug, and More |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-davidos-new-album-a-better-time-featuring-nicki-minaj-nas-young-thug-and-more/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113011458/https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-davidos-new-album-a-better-time-featuring-nicki-minaj-nas-young-thug-and-more/ |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> Davido yafashe alubumu nyuma yo guhagarika urugendo rwe muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru 2019 biturutse ku cyorezo cya COVID-19 gikomeje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael Bamidele |date=November 13, 2020 |title=Stream: Davido Releases New Album Album "A Better Time" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/stream-davido-releases-new-album-a-better-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://guardian.ng/life/stream-davido-releases-new-album-a-better-time/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Guardian Life}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2021, Davido yasabye bagenzi be ndetse n’abafana kumwoherereza miliyoni imwe naira, maze avuga ko abatamutumyeho amafaranga batagomba kongera kwiteranya na we. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyinka Odutuyo |date=November 19, 2021 |title=I've Been Lifting Others Up, Davido Says As He Challenges His Friends to Send Him N1m Each |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1443895-davido-challnegs-friend-send-n1-million-bank-account |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120231741/https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1443895-davido-challnegs-friend-send-n1-million-bank-account/ |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |access-date=November 21, 2021 |website=Legit |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Davido raises over N50M in less than an hour on Twitter after tweeting his account details |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-raises-over-n50m-in-less-than-an-hour-on-twitter-after-tweeting-his-account/d3xekmy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180343/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-raises-over-n50m-in-less-than-an-hour-on-twitter-after-tweeting-his-account/d3xekmy |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Yakusanyije miliyoni 200 naira yongeraho miliyoni 50 naira y'amafaranga ye, yose ayatanga mu mazu y'imfubyi muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Davido tok wetin e go use N200,000,000 e get from birthday fundraiser take do |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59355182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180347/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59355182 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevan Ravindran |date=November 20, 2021 |title=Nigerian musician Davido says he will give $600,000 to charity after online appeal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/20/africa/davido-nigeria-money-million-crowdfunding-online-scli-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180343/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/20/africa/davido-nigeria-money-million-crowdfunding-online-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2022, Davido yagaragaye ku ndirimbo " Hayya Hayya (Better together) " ari kumwe n'umuririmbyi w'umunyamerika Trinidad Cardona n'umuririmbyi wa Qatari Aisha. Indirimbo yagaragaye bwa mbere kuri alubumu yakusanyije ''FIFA Igikombe cyisi Qatar 2022 Amashusho yemewe'' (2022). Muri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayya Hayya (Better Together) {{!}} Trinidad Cardona, Davido & Aisha |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/hayya-hayya-better-together-is-the-first-of-a-selection-of-singles-to-be#:~:text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20%7C%20Trinidad%20Cardona%2C%20Davido%20%26%20Aisha&text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20is,Qatar%202022%E2%84%A2%20Official%20Soundtrack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/hayya-hayya-better-together-is-the-first-of-a-selection-of-singles-to-be#:~:text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20%7C%20Trinidad%20Cardona%2C%20Davido%20%26%20Aisha&text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20is,Qatar%202022%E2%84%A2%20Official%20Soundtrack. |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Fifa.com}}</ref>, Davido yasohoye indirimbo yakozwe na Pheelz " Hagarara ukomeye ", iyi ikaba ari yo ya mbere yasohoye wenyine muri uyu mwaka kandi ikubiyemo amajwi ya Korali yo ku cyumweru . Muri <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chibuzo Emmanuel |date=May 13, 2020 |title=Davido releases his debut single, "Stand Strong" |url=https://thenativemag.com/davido-debut-single-stand-strong/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171133/https://thenativemag.com/davido-debut-single-stand-strong/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref>, Davido yatangaje iserukiramuco rye rya mbere ngarukamwaka ryitwa Are We African Yet (AWAY), ryabereye ahitwa Farm Farm Arena i Atlanta, Jeworujiya, ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 2022, rikaba ryarimo n'ibitaramo byakozwe na Kizz Daniel, Pheelz, Lojay na BNXN . === 2023 - ubungubu: ''Timiless'', Nine + Records, na ''5ive'' === Muri Kamena 2022, Davido yabwiye ikinyamakuru ''Rolling Stone'' (Umuzingo)alubumu ye ya kane ya studio ''Igihe'' kitarangiye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry Mamo |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Davido Announces Fourth Studio Album ''Timeless'' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/davido-new-album-timeless-announcement-1235290679/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322083631/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/davido-new-album-timeless-announcement-1235290679/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Billboard}}</ref> 21 Werurwe 2023, yatangaje kuri Instagram iyi alubumu izasohoka ku ya 31 Werurwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex Gonzalez |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Davido Announced His New Album 'Timeless' With A Message Thanking Fans For Always Supporting Him |url=https://uproxx.com/music/davido-timeless-release-date-trailer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321184614/https://uproxx.com/music/davido-timeless-release-date-trailer/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Uproxx}}</ref> ''Igihe'' cyabaye alubumu ya mbere ya Davido mumyaka itatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex Gonzalez |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Davido Delivered An Energetic Performance Of 'Timeless' Standouts 'Feel' And 'Unavailable' On 'Colbert' |url=https://uproxx.com/music/davido-feel-unavailable-colbert-late-show/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Uproxx}}</ref> Yatangarije CNN umutwe wa alubumu, uwatunganije amajwi Don Jazzy yamusabye, ni ikigaragaza intego ye kugira ngo iyi alubumu yibukwe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. <ref name="CNN 123">{{Cite web |last=Aisha Salaudeen |last2=Larry Madowo |date=March 31, 2023 |title='I'm ready to get back': Afrobeats superstar Davido drops new album 'Timeless' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/31/africa/davido-timeless-album-release-spc-intl/index.html |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Don Jazzy suggested I name my album Timeless – Davido |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/01/don-jazzy-suggested-i-name-my-album-timeless-davido/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Daily Post}}</ref> Yatangarije kandi umuyoboro wamakuru alubumu yanyuze mu byiciro bitatu mbere yanyuma yayo. <ref name="CNN 123" /> Album ya 17-track ikubiyemo ubufatanye na Skepta, Angelique Kidjo, Asake, Focalistic, Cavemen nabandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Asake, Fave, Skepta, Angelique Kidjo, The Cavemen – Davido's "Timeless" is Star-Studded |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/03/davido-timeless-tracklist-album/ |access-date=March 30, 2023 |website=Bellanaija}}</ref> wakozwe na Magicsticks, Rage, Darmie, Blaisebeatz, [[1da Banton]], Caltonic SA, Young Alpha n'abandi. <ref name="Afrocritik 1">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Daraloye |last2=Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido completes his trilogy with a triumphant return on 'Timeless' LP |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/davido-completes-his-trilogy-with-a-triumphant-return-on-timeless-lp/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Afrocritik}}</ref> Ahanini inyandiko ya amapiano, ''Igihe kitarambiranye'' cyerekana imiziki nka Dancehall, ragga, konto, highlife na Afropop . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeayo Adebiyi |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido delivers his most musically accomplished album yet with 'Timeless' [Pulse Album Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-album-review-davido-makes-his-most-musically-accomplished-album-yet-with/wtc0w36 |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003530/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-album-review-davido-makes-his-most-musically-accomplished-album-yet-with/wtc0w36 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubuhanzi bwa Umuzingo(alubumu) yerekana igishusho cy'umutwe wa Davido, [[inzovu]] ebyiri zifunze, n'inzira iganisha ku masaha manini. Indirimbo ya kabiri yo muri ku umuzingo we " <ref name="Afrocritik 1" /> ishushanya mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Ubuholandi]] na [[Surinamu|Suriname]], aho yageze ku mwanya wa mbere . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2023 |title=Nigerians react to the remix of 'Unavailable' by Davido featuring Latto |url=https://notjustok.com/news/reactions-remix-of-unavailable-by-davido-latto/ |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> Davido yakiriye ibihembo bitatu mu birori bya 66 ngarukamwaka bya Grammy Awards, harimo umuzingo wa mwiza w'indirimbo wa mbere kwisi na Icyiciro cy’indirimbo cyangwa imbyino nyafurika zihiga izindi muri "Unavailable". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Enos |first=Morgan |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Meet The First-Time Nominee: Davido On The Rise Of African Music & Making 'Timeless' Songs |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-timeless-interview-2024-grammys-meet-first-time-nominee |access-date=17 February 2024 |publisher=Grammy}}</ref> Mu 2023, Chris Brown yerekanye Davido na Lojay ku ndirimbo ye yise " Sensational ", yasohotse nk'indirimbo ya kabiri muri alubumu ye ya cumi na rimwe muri studio ''11:11'' . Iyi ndirimbo yerekanwe ku mwanya wa 96 kuri ''Billboard Hot 100'' yo muri Amerika, ikora nka Davido na Lojay ku nshuro ya mbere ku mbonerahamwe. Muri Mutarama 2024, Davido yashyizwe ku rutonde inshuro eshatu muri 55 ya NAACP Image Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orimemi |first=Victor |date=January 26, 2024 |title=FULL LIST: Burna Boy, Davido, 'Mami Wata' nominated for 2024 NAACP Awards |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/full-list-burna-boy-davido-mami-wata-nominated-for-2024-naacp-awards/#:~:text=Davido%20followed%20closely%20with%20four,and%20'Outstanding%20Male%20Artiste'. |access-date=January 26, 2024 |website=The Cable Lifestyle}}</ref> Muri Mata 2024, Davido yashinze isosiyete ye yandika, Nine + Records, ku bufatanye na UnitedMasters. Mu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thania Garcia |date=April 19, 2024 |title=Music Industry Moves: Davido Launches Record Label in Partnership With UnitedMasters |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/musicares-volunteer-the-day-that-music-cares-1235972600/ |access-date=15 February 2025 |publisher=Variety}}</ref>, yabwiye ikinyamakuru ''Rolling Stone'' ko alubumu ye ya gatanu ya studio, ''5ive'', izashyirwa ahagaragara muri Werurwe 2025. Yatangaje kandi ko "Funds" igaragaramo umuraperi Odumodublvck n'umuririmbyi Chike, nk'indirimbo ya kabiri ya alubumu. Indirimbo ntangarugero ya Brenda Fassie yo mu 1997 "Vuli Ndlela". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mankaprr Conteh |date=5 December 2024 |title=Davido Announces New Album '5ive' With Single 'Funds': 'Isn't Just About Money' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/davido-announces-album-5ive-2025-funds-odumodublvck-1235193852/ |access-date=19 December 2024 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Davido avuga ko ishyaka rye ry'umuziki abikesha nyina, maze akura yumva abaraperi Ja Rule na 50 Cent . Nk’uko <ref name="Flaunt Magazine">{{Cite web |title=Davido - Up Close and Personal for A Good Time |url=https://www.flaunt.com/blog/davido-up-close-personal#:~:text=%E2%80%9CI%20was%20a%20big%20Ja,a%20sound%2C%E2%80%9D%20he%20says. |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Flaunt Magazine}}</ref> ''kibitangaza'' ngo ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati ya Afrobeats, hip hop na R&amp;amp;B . <ref name="Flaunt Magazine" /> Mu kiganiro na ''Numéro'', Davido yavuze ko yari umwe mu bagize itsinda rya hip-hop mbere yo kwerekeza muri R&B hanyuma Afrobeats. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delphine Roche. |date=4 March 2021 |title=Davido: ambassador of afrobeats |url=https://numero.com/en/culture/davido-ambassador-of-afrobeats-2/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Numero}}</ref> Nk’uko umwanditsi Jon Pareles wanditse ''ikinyamakuru New York Times'' abitangaza ngo umuziki wa Davido wibanze ku ngingo zishimishije nko gukundana, kwifuza, no gutekereza neza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jon Pareles |date=November 11, 2020 |title=The Afrobeats Star Davido, an Upbeat Voice in a Turbulent Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/arts/music/davido-a-better-time.html |access-date=26 January 2025 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> N'ubwo yanenzwe kuba afite "ijwi ryijimye kandi ryijimye", Emmanuel Daraloye yashimye imikorere ya Davido mu majwi kuri udakendera . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seun Adeuyi |date=11 June 2023 |title=Davido: I've Been Struggling With My Voice |url=https://dailytrust.com/davido-ive-been-struggling-with-my-voice/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> <ref name="Afrocritik1234">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Daraloye |last2=Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido Completes His Trilogy with a Triumphant Return on "Timeless" LP |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/davido-completes-his-trilogy-with-a-triumphant-return-on-timeless-lp/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Afrocritik}}</ref> By'umwihariko, Daraloye yamuhaye inguzanyo yo kujya "ku birenge" hamwe na Fave kuri "Kante" no gutanga "igitabo cyo hasi cyashyizwe hasi" ku ndirimbo "Ku Muhanda". <ref name="Afrocritik1234" /> == Indi mishinga == Ku ya 6 Mata 2012, ''Imyidagaduro yo muri Nijeriya Uyu munsi'' yatangaje ko Davido yasinyanye na [[MTN Rwanda|MTN]] miliyoni 30 zama pound . Muri ayo masezerano, Davido yabaye isura ya MTN Pulse, ubukangurambaga bugamije kwamamaza urubyiruko rwo muri Nijeriya. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osagie Alonge |date=April 6, 2012 |title=Davido bags N30m deal as MTN 'Ambassador' |url=https://thenet.ng/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095743/http://thenet.ng/2012/04/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Ukwakira 2013, ''Pulse Nigeria'' yatangaje ko Guinness Nigeria yasinyanye na Davido amasezerano yo kwemeza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=October 24, 2013 |title=Olamide, Wizkid & Davido Sign Endorsement Deals With Guinness Nigeria |url=http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085922/http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> Mu rwego rw’amasezerano, yakoreye igitaramo muri Guinness World of More Concert ari kumwe n’abahanzi barimo P-Square, D'banj, [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], Ice Prince, Burna Boy, Olamide, Phyno, Chidinma, Waje na Tiwa Savage . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2013 |title=Nigeria: P-Square, Davido, Others Ignite Guinness World of More Concert |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701182132/http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2018, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano yo kwamamariza Infinix Mobile, uruganda rukora telefoni rukorera muri Hong Kong. Muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Davido Bags Endorsement Deal With Infinix |url=https://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815111007/http://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/ |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |access-date=December 2, 2018 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}</ref>, yabaye ambasaderi w’ikirango ku isoko rya 1xBet . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Raphael |date=May 7, 2021 |title=Bobo Ajudua's BFA & Co. Legal Closes New 1xBet, Davido Deal |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/bobo-ajuduas-bfa-co-legal-closes-new-1xbet-davido-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007110052/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/bobo-ajuduas-bfa-co-legal-closes-new-1xbet-davido-deal/ |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2021 |title=1xBet announced Davido as the newest brand ambassador in Africa |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/features/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222040218/https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/ |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |access-date=September 17, 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2021, ambasaderi w'ikirango cya cognac Martell cyatangaje ko ari ambasaderi mushya. Mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2021 |title=Martell cognac launches 'be the standout swift' campaign with Davido |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/martell-cognac-launches-be-the-standout-swift-campaign-with-davido/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208023219/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/martell-cognac-launches-be-the-standout-swift-campaign-with-davido/ |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |website=Vanguar Nigeria |language=en}}</ref>, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano n’uruganda rukora inkweto Puma maze aba ambasaderi w’ibirango ku isi. <ref name="Puma 123"/> == Ubuzima bwite == Davido yabyaye abana batandatu; abakobwa batatu n'abahungu batatu (umwe muri bo yapfuye). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=2023 |title=Davido, Chioma Leave Hospital With Twins |url=https://punchng.com/davido-chioma-leave-hospital-with-twins/?amp |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=punch.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odion Okonofua |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Davido spotted with 4th child for first time in public. |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-spotted-with-4th-child-for-first-time-in-public/y4rd2z3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312153850/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-spotted-with-4th-child-for-first-time-in-public/y4rd2z3 |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2022, ikinyamakuru ''Peoples Gazette'' cyatangaje urupfu rw'umuhungu mukuru wa Davido n'umwana wa gatatu David Ifeanyi Adeleke Jr., warohamye muri pisine yo koga mu rugo rwa se I Banana ; yari afite imyaka itatu igihe yapfaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deborah Ejemeka |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Davido's son Ifeanyi drowns in Lagos swimming pool |url=https://gazettengr.com/just-in-davidos-son-ifeanyi-drowns-in-lagos-swimming-pool/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031221951/https://gazettengr.com/just-in-davidos-son-ifeanyi-drowns-in-lagos-swimming-pool/ |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=Peoples Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Polisi yakoze iperereza ku bakozi bo mu rugo rwa Davido. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vassell |first=Nicole |date=November 2022 |title=Ifeanyi Adeleke Death: Davido's three year old son drowns, household staff questioned by the police |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/davido-son-dead-ifeanyi-adeleke-cause-arrests-b2214985.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101202522/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/davido-son-dead-ifeanyi-adeleke-cause-arrests-b2214985.html |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> Abakozi umunani bo mu rugo batumiwe kuri sitasiyo ya polisi kugira ngo babazwe nyuma yuko umwe yari amaze kumenyesha polisi impanuka yo kurohama. Nyuma y’iperereza ry’abapolisi, abakozi batandatu bararekuwe abandi babiri bakomeza gufungwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2022 |title=Davido son death: Police say they invite eight domestic workers over Davido son death |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c51589j8wl5o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102015224/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c51589j8wl5o |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=BBC.com}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2023, Davido yemeje ko yashakanye n'umugore we bamaranye igihe kirekire, Chioma Rowland. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Davido Confirms He & Chioma are Officially Married! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/03/davido-is-married/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Kamena 2024, yakoresheje ibirori by'ubukwe ahitwa Harbour Point mu kirwa cya Victoria, i Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangethi |first=Isaac |date=2023-12-12 |title=Who is Davido's wife? Get to know more about Chioma Rowland |url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1567822-who-davidos-wife-chioma-rowland/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Ibirori byitabiriwe nabantu benshi bakomeye, barimo [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] na Babajide Sanwo-Olu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Segun |date=2024-06-25 |title=Obasanjo and other Nigerian politicians spotted at Davido's wedding |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/nigerian-politicians-spotted-a-davidos-wedding/80k9d6h |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Davido yanditswe na Deangelictouchstylist, Lucky Enemuo, na Ugo Monye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=IDe Angelic Touch Stylist Styles Davido's Glamorous Wedding |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/de-angelic-touch-stylist-styles-davidos-glamorous-wedding/ |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=The Sun |publisher=Editorial}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2023, Davido yagizwe Umuyobozi ushinzwe Iteka rya Nijeri (OON <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alabi |first=Tope |date=28 May 2023 |title=Davido, Kunle Afolayan, Osimhen to be conferred with national honours |url=https://punchng.com/davido-kunle-afolayan-osimhen-to-be-conferred-with-national-honours/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130121851/https://punchng.com/davido-kunle-afolayan-osimhen-to-be-conferred-with-national-honours/ |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=13 August 2025 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ibihangamo ==   ; imizingo y'inzu zitunganya ibihangano * ''Omo Baba Olowo'' (2012) * ''Igihe cyiza'' (2019) * ''Igihe Cyiza'' (2020) * ''Igihe ntarengwa'' (2023) * ''5ive'' (2025) == Ingendo == * Urugendo rwa Davido UK (hamwe na The Compozers ) (2019) * Ibihe byiza byo kuzenguruka [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika ya ruguru]] (2019–2020) * Urugendo rwa WRBLO (2022) * Urugendo rwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Igihe (2023) * 5 Urugendo ruzima (2025) == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwibihembo nibyo amaze guhamagarwa mo nkuhatana nka Davido * Urutonde rwabahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Nijeriya * Urutonde rwabaturage ba Yoruba * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze ==   * Official website * Davido at AllMusic {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box|title=[[The Headies award for Next Rated|Next Rated Award]]|before=[[Wizkid (musician)|Wizkid]] ([[The Headies 2011|2011]])|after=[[Sean Tizzle]] ([[The Headies 2013|2013]])|years=[[The Headies 2012|2012]]}} {{S-end}}{{Davido|state=collapsed}}{{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Davido|Awards for Davido]]|list={{The Headies Award for Next Rated}} {{BET Award for Best International Act}} {{BET Award for Best International Act: Africa}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Worldwide Act}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song}}}} {{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 22abykntmui865zonkkbd9zlhehtp8r 149241 149240 2026-11-07T19:28:52Z KiranBOT 15993 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1s 149241 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''David Adedeji Adeleke''' {{Small|[[Order of the Niger|OON]]}} (wavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1992), uzwi ku izina rya '''Davido''', ni umuririmbyi wo muri Nijeriya-Amerika, umwanditsi w'indirimbo ndetse na producer. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Buhari Confers Special National Honours on 340 Nigerians, Bestows GCON on Anyaoku – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/05/28/buhari-confers-special-national-honours-on-340-nigerians-bestows-gcon-on-anyaoku/ |access-date=May 29, 2023 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref name="MTV Base 1">{{Cite web |title=Davido – Full Biography |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/music/artists/davido/#bio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217132925/http://www.mtvbase.com/music/artists/davido/#bio |archive-date=December 17, 2013 |access-date=December 24, 2013 |publisher=MTV Base}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2012 |title=Dami duro for launch today |url=http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/dami-duro-for-launch-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317003645/http://www.punchng.com/spice/local-entertainment/dami-duro-for-launch-today/ |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |access-date=March 16, 2014 |publisher=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Davido yavukiye i Atlanta, muri Amerika, akurira i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Yatangiye umuziki we nkumunyamuryango witsinda KB International. Davido yize imiyoborere yubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Oakwood mbere yo kuva mu ishuri kugira ngo akubite kandi yandike amajwi. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gusohora " Dami Duro ", indirimbo ya kabiri muri alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Omo Baba Olowo'' (2012), aho yavuyemo izindi ndirimbo esheshatu - "Back when", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of you", "Gbon Gbon" na "Feel alright" - bafashwe. Muri 2012, Davido yatsindiye igihembo bikurikiraho muri The Headies Hagati ya 2013 na 2015, yasohoye indirimbo " Gobe ", "one of a kind", " Skelewu ", " Aye ", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" na "The Money". Muri Mutarama 2016, Davido yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Twitter ko yasinyanye amasezerano na Sony Music nyuma y'amezi make, ashinga inzu itunganya imiziki yitwa Davido Music Worldwide, aho abahanzi barimo Morravey na Logos Olori basinyemo amasezerano. Muri Nyakanga 2016, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano na RCA Records ya Sony maze mu Kwakira muri uwo mwaka, asohora indirimbo eshanu Yaguwe (EP) ''son of Mercy'', yari ishyigikiwe n’indirimbo "Gbagbe Oshi", "How long" na "Coolest Kid in Africa ". Muri Mata 2017, Davido yongeye kugirana amasezerano na Sony kubera ibibazo byo kugenzura ibihangano hanyuma nyuma yuwo mwaka, asohora indirimbo eshanu zirimo "IF" na " Fall ". <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 111">{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=OBO is the hottest Nigerian musician of 2017 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obo-is-the-hottest-nigerian-musician-of-2017/e4hnnp0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201447/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obo-is-the-hottest-nigerian-musician-of-2017/e4hnnp0 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref>''​'' <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 111" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=February 6, 2019 |title=Davido's 'Fall' Is the Longest-Charting Nigerian Pop Song in Billboard History |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140233/https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2019, Davido yasohoye alubumu(umuzingo) ye ya kabiri ya studio ''A Good Time'', yatewe inkunga n’indirimbo zasohotse mbere "IF", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" na "Risky". Muri 2019, ikinyamakuru ''New African'' cyashyize ahagaragara Davido nk'umwe mu Banyafurika 100 bakomeye. Album ye ya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Ventures |date=October 9, 2019 |title=Top 10 Nigerians in Africa Report's 100 most influential Africans |url=http://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321064651/https://venturesafrica.com/top-10-nigerians-in-africa-reports-100-most-influential-africans/ |archive-date=March 21, 2022 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> studio, ''Igihe cyiza'', yasohotse ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 2020. Muri Gashyantare 2021, Davido yagaragaye ku rutonde rukurikira rwa Time 100 . Yasohoye ''Timeless'', alubumu ye ya kane ya studio, ku ya 31 Werurwe 2023. Davido ni ambasaderi w’umuco muri [[Nijeriya]] nijwi rikomeye ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Afurika. <ref name="Puma 123">{{Cite web |last=Pflock |first=Denise |date=December 17, 2021 |title=Davido, one of Africa's most successful artists, joins PUMA as a global brand ambassador |url=https://www.puma-catchup.com/davido-one-of-africas-most-successful-artists-joins-puma-as-a-global-brand-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220193943/https://www.puma-catchup.com/davido-one-of-africas-most-successful-artists-joins-puma-as-a-global-brand-ambassador/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |access-date=December 20, 2022 |website=PUMA CAtch up |language=en-US}}</ref> Ni umwe kandi mu bahanzi bakunzwe cyane muri Afurika kuri Instagram na Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2021 |title=Top 15 most followed Nigerian celebrities on Instagram {{!}} The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/top-15-most-followed-nigerian-celebrities-on-instagram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220194903/https://thenationonlineng.net/top-15-most-followed-nigerian-celebrities-on-instagram/ |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |access-date=December 20, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naijacreep.com |date=February 3, 2023 |title=List Of Luxurious Cars Owned By Davido (Pictures) |url=https://naijacreep.com/post/8958824501/List-Of-Luxurious-Cars-Owned-By-Davido-Pictures |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Naijacreep.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124074612/https://naijacreep.com/post/8958824501/List-Of-Luxurious-Cars-Owned-By-Davido-Pictures |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuto n'amashuri == David Adedeji Adeleke yavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1992, avukira i Atlanta, Jeworujiya, Amerika. <ref name="MTV Base 1"/> [[Adedeji Adeleke|Adeleke]] (wavutse 1957) ni igihangange mu bucuruzi ukomoka muri [[Nijeriya]], naho nyina Vero Adeleke (1963–2003) yari umwarimu wa kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2013 |title=Wealthy parents, super star kids |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214836/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/wealthy-parents-super-star-kids/ |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |publisher=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Davido Biography |url=https://www.detectmind.com/davido-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-car-house-children-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111214836/https://www.detectmind.com/davido-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-car-house-children-more/ |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2022 |publisher=Detect Mind}}</ref> Davido ni umuhererezi muri barumuna batanu n'umuhungu wa gatatu wa se. <ref name="GQ Magazine">{{Cite news |last=Johnston |first=Kathleen |date=December 9, 2019 |title=Davido: 'Ten years ago it wasn't cool to be African, but now it's all changed' |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/davido-interview-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216011724/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/davido-interview-2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |work=[[GQ Magazine]]}}</ref> <ref name="Native Magazine 104">{{Cite web |last=Toye Sokunbi |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Davido vs. The World |url=https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221204221/https://thenativemag.com/featured/davido-vs-world/ |archive-date=December 21, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri mpuzamahanga ry’Abongereza i Lagos, maze afite imyaka 16, asubira muri Amerika kwiga ibijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri kaminuza ya Oakwood . <ref name="GQ Magazine" /> <ref name="Bellanaija">{{Cite web |last=Adeola Adeyemo |date=February 4, 2012 |title=BN Saturday Celebrity Interview: "You Can't Stop Me!" 2012′s Hottest Star, Davido – The Music, The Fame, The Fans & More! |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193510/http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/02/04/bn-saturday-celebrity-interview-you-cant-stop-me-2012s-hottest-star-davido-the-music-the-fame-the-fans-more/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Igihe yari i Oakwood, Davido yaguze ibikoresho bya muzika atangira gukora. <ref name="The Fader">{{Cite web |last=Rawiya Kameir |title=Davido's upbringing was almost impossibly blessed. Now, he's leveraging his resources to model the future of African pop. |url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094910/http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/18/davido-cover-story-interview |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> Yakoze kandi umuziki KB International hamwe na babyara be B-Red na Sina Rambo. <ref name="Bellanaija"/> Davido yavuye muri kaminuza ya Oakwood gukurikirana umuziki igihe cyose yimukira i Londres, ari naho yakoraga mu majwi ye. <ref name="The Fader" /> Nyuma yo gusubira muri Nijeriya mu 2011, Davido yahagaritse umwuga we wa muzika maze yemera ko yubaha se yiyandikisha muri kaminuza ya Babcock, ari naho yarangije muri Nyakanga 2015, afite impamyabumenyi y’umuziki nyuma yuko se yishyuye kaminuza kugira ngo atangire ishami ry’umuziki mu ishuri ryatangije umunyeshuri umwe. <ref name="The Fader" /> <ref>{{Cite news |date=June 7, 2015 |title=Davido graduates from Babcock University |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/davido-graduates-from-babcock-university/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924140650/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/06/davido-graduates-from-babcock-university/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=The Vanguard}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Intangiriro Y'umwuga === Muri 2011, Davido yatangiye gukora kuri alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Omo Baba Olowo'', ikaba ivanze na Afrobeats na hip hop . Davido yakoranye na Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Bwana Chidoo, Theory Soundz na Shizzi gukora alubumu. ''Omo Baba Olowo'' agaragaramo abashyitsi kuva Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Umutuku, Kayswitch, Ice Prince na 2 Face Idibia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tayo, Ayomide |date=July 18, 2012 |title=Davido – 'Omo Baba Olowo' [Album review]: Money can solve everything except perfection |url=https://thenet.ng/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811002558/http://thenet.ng/2012/07/davido-omo-baba-olowo-album-review-money-can-solve-everything-except-perfection/ |archive-date=August 11, 2017 |access-date=March 18, 2014 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan, Toni |date=July 31, 2012 |title=Album review: Davido's O.B.O Genesis |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014210620/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/07/31/album-review-davidos-o-b-o-genesis/ |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |access-date=March 18, 2014 |publisher=Africa Magic}}</ref> Muri rusange yakiriwe nabi nabanenga umuziki, berekanaga ibiyikubiyemo ndetse n’indirimbo za Davido. Iyi alubumu yatsindiye Album nziza ya R & B / Pop kandi yahawe igihembo cya Album yumwaka muri The Headies 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2013 and Full List of winners |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227231501/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=140816 |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |publisher=Osun Defender}}</ref> ndetse na Album nziza yumwaka muri Nigeriya Imyidagaduro 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Micheal Abimboye |date=May 31, 2013 |title=Nigerian Entertainment Award announces 2013 nominees |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306125132/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/137094-nigerian-entertainment-award-announces-2013-nominees.html |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2014 |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> Indirimbo "Yagarutse Iyo" ya Naeto C yasohotse nk'indirimbo ya mbere ya alubumu ku ya 7 Gicurasi 2011. Yakorewe i Londres <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2012 |title=Davido – Dami duro (Exclusive interview) |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfn_vcEeDgs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317050442/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfn_vcEeDgs |archive-date=March 17, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> na Davido kandi yakiraga kenshi mu kirere. <ref name="MTV Base">{{Cite web |last=Adoti |first=Olive |date=November 24, 2020 |title=Davido biography and his net worth |url=https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029140321/https://www.legit.ng/1120460-davido-biography-and-his-net-worth.html |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |website=Legit.ng – Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> 9 Gicurasi 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olamide |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Davido Biography & Achievement 2024 |url=https://naijapickup.com/music/artistes/davido/ |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=Naija media |publisher=Jide |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707093459/https://naijapickup.com/music/artistes/davido/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayo Jaguda |date=May 7, 2011 |title=Bubbling Under/Davido – Back When Ft Naeto C |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2011/05/07/bubbling-under-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726133246/http://jaguda.com/2011/05/07/bubbling-under-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2011 |title=360Fresh: Davido – Back When ft. Naeto C |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2011/06/360fresh-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095936/https://www.360nobs.com/2011/06/360fresh-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 9, 2011 |title=VIDEO Premiere: Davido – Back When ft Naeto C |url=http://notjustok.com/2011/05/09/video-premiere-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826162137/http://notjustok.com/2011/05/09/video-premiere-davido-back-when-ft-naeto-c/ |archive-date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2011 |title=Davido – Dami Duro |url=http://tooxclusive.com/2011/10/31/davido-%E2%80%93-dami-duro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112075251/http://tooxclusive.com/2011/10/31/davido-%e2%80%93-dami-duro/ |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Tooxclusive}}</ref> Indirimbo yamenyekanye nyuma y'amezi atatu yohereje kuri bamwe mu nshuti ze. Amashusho y'indirimbo aherekejwe na "Dami Duro" yashyizwe ahagaragara ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2011 |title=Davido (NotjustOk Hype) |url=http://notjustok.com/2011/12/20/davido-notjustok-hype/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122064022/http://notjustok.com/2011/12/20/davido-notjustok-hype/ |archive-date=January 22, 2014 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |publisher=Notjustok}}</ref> Mutarama 2012, ubwo imyigaragambyo yigarurira Nigeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilfred Okiche |date=January 10, 2012 |title=#InCaseyouMissedIt Hot Stuff: Davido drops video for 'Dami Duro' |url=http://www.ynaija.com/incaseyoumissedit-hot-stuff-davido-drops-video-for-dami-duro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926101426/https://ynaija.com/incaseyoumissedit-hot-stuff-davido-drops-video-for-dami-duro/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> Indirimbo ya gatatu ya Album "Ekuro" yasohotse ku ya 25 Mutarama 2012. Amashusho y’indirimbo yafashwe amajwi kandi ayobowe na Miami na Antwan Smith. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 25, 2012 |title=NEW VIDEO: DAVIDO – Ekuro |url=http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215164224/http://www.nigerianeye.com/2012/05/new-video-davido-ekuro.html |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=March 19, 2014 |publisher=Nigerian Eye}}</ref> Umuhanzi wo muri Nigeriya Aramide yasohoye igifuniko cyindirimbo. Indirimbo ya kane ya Album "Hanze" yasohotse ku ya 6 Gicurasi <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2013 |title=Aramide Drops R&B Cover Of Davido's 'Ekuro' |url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709150300/http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/20/aramide-drops-rb-cover-of-davidos-ekuro/ |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |access-date=March 19, 2014 |publisher=Channels TV}}</ref> verisiyo itarangiye yindirimbo yasohotse mbere yuko isohoka kumugaragaro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 6, 2012 |title=Official Version: Davido – Overseas ft Sina Rambo |url=http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417165205/http://notjustok.com/2012/05/06/official-version-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |archive-date=April 17, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2012 |title=New Music: Davido – Overseas ft. Sina Rambo |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418214150/http://jaguda.com/2012/05/07/new-music-davido-overseas-ft-sina-rambo |archive-date=April 18, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> Davido yavuze ko yafashe indirimbo hamwe na GospelOnDeBeatz 'bahuriye mu isoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2012 |title=FACTORY78 – Davido full interview / Album Review Pt1. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309234704/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qwSjL0cu_U |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=YouTube}}</ref> === 2013–2016: Isohora risanzwe, ''Baddest'' na ''Son of Mercy'' === [[Dosiye:Davido_Performance_in_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Davido aririmbira muri Tanzaniya]] Ku ya 25 Gashyantare 2013, Davido yasohoye inzira yakozwe na Shizzi " Gobe ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Davido returns with 'Gobe' video |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912223834/http://www.dailyindependentnig.com/2013/03/davido-returns-with-gobe-video/ |archive-date=September 12, 2013 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Daily Independent}}</ref> <ref name="Premium Times Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Micheal Abimboye |date=December 29, 2013 |title=Wande Coal, Davido, others make Premium Times Top 10 songs of 2013 |url=http://premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702122710/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/152238-wande-coal-davido-others-make-premium-times-top-10-songs-2013.html |archive-date=July 2, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> umwanya wa kabiri ku rutonde rwa ''Premium Times'' ' 10 za mbere za 2013 ''.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles Mgbolu |date=February 26, 2013 |title=Davido releases hot new video 'Gobe' |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095658/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/02/davido-releases-hot-new-video-gobe/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> Godfather Productions yafashe amashusho y'indirimbo muri Afrika yepfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onos |date=February 26, 2013 |title=New Video: Davido – Gobe |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223437/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/26/new-video-davido-gobe/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Davido yatangaje ku rubuga rwa Twitter "one of kind" izasohoka ku ya 13 Gicurasi 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachel Ogbu |date=May 14, 2013 |title=It's official: Davido releases new single, 'One of a kind' [DOWNLOAD] |url=http://www.ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926101429/https://ynaija.com/its-official-davido-releases-new-single-one-of-a-kind-download/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=YNaija}}</ref> Shizzl nawe yakoze iyi ndirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ovie O |date=May 13, 2013 |title=OFFICIAL Premiere: Davido – One of A Kind (Prod by Shizzi) |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827122256/http://notjustok.com/2013/05/13/official-premiere-davido-one-of-a-kind-prod-by-shizzi/ |archive-date=August 27, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> Tebza wa Godfather Productions yafashe amajwi anayobora amashusho yindirimbo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] ; yerekana Afurika yunze ubumwe ikungahaye ku muco n'umuziki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2013 |title=New Video: Davido – One Of A Kind |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143306/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/05/new-video-davido-one-of-a-kind/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> " Skelewu " yasohotse ku ya 13 Kanama 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Davido – Skelewu (Prod. Shizzi) |url=http://notjustok.com/2013/08/13/davido-skelewu-prod-shizzi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117114600/http://notjustok.com/2013/08/13/davido-skelewu-prod-shizzi/ |archive-date=January 17, 2014 |access-date=January 10, 2014 |website=notjustOk}}</ref> Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatanu ku rutonde rwa ''Premium Times'' ' rutonde rw’indirimbo 10 za mbere za <ref name="Premium Times Nigeria"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Get Familiar: Davido – Skelewu |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/08/get-familiar-davido-skelewu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926142940/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/08/get-familiar-davido-skelewu/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> irekurwa ryaherekejwe no gutangaza amarushanwa yo kubyina "Skelewu". <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2013 |title=Davido & HKN Gang SKELEWU Instructioinal Dance Video |url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/davido-hkn-gang-skelewu-instructioinal-dance-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201163850/http://africanmuzikmag.com/davido-hkn-gang-skelewu-instructioinal-dance-video/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=African Muzik Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Davido & HKN Gang SKELEWU Instructioinal Dance Video |url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2013/08/19/video-davido-hkn-shut-off-lekki-road-dancing-skelewu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130223610/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/2013/08/19/video-davido-hkn-shut-off-lekki-road-dancing-skelewu/ |archive-date=January 30, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=Hiphopworldmagazine}}</ref> "Skelewu" yashyigikiwe n'amashusho abiri y'indirimbo; <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Davido – Skelewu (Video) |url=http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226034102/http://www.prisonerofclass.com/davido-skelewu-video/ |archive-date=December 26, 2013 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=Prisoner of Class}}</ref> iyambere yayobowe na Sesan isohoka ku ya 15 Ukwakira 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2013 |title=Video: Davido – Skelewu |url=http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201163854/http://africanmuzikmag.com/video-davido-skelewu/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=African Muzik Magazine}}</ref> Yashyizwe kuri YouTube ikoresheje konte ya parody. Nyuma gato yo gusohora amashusho, Davido yavuze ko hari umuntu wamuhemukiye ayirekura kandi ko azakora indi videwo hamwe na Moe Musa, umuyobozi w’amashusho y’indirimbo mu Bwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2013 |title=Davido Addresses Unofficial Leaked Video For 'Skelewu' |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100329/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/10/davido-addresses-unofficial-leaked-video-for-skelewu/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> Sesan yanenze Davido n'ubuyobozi bwe kuba barasohoye amagambo atari yo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2013 |title=Davido is irresponsible, immature –Sesan |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112080015/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/saturday-beats/davido-is-irresponsible-immature-sesan/ |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |access-date=January 12, 2014 |publisher=Punch Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bob Alash |date=October 16, 2013 |title=Davido Approved Skelewu Video Before The Released – Video Director; Sesan Releases Press Statement! |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135719/http://jaguda.com/2013/10/16/davido-approved-skelewu-video-released-video-director-sesan-releases-press-statement/ |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Jaguda}}</ref> Moa Musa yafashe amajwi anayobora amashusho yindirimbo yemewe ya "Skelewu" i Londres, kandi yasohotse mu Kwakira 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Charles Mgbolu |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Davido releases official 'Skelewu' video |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926100723/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/davido-releases-official-skelewu-video/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> Ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2014, Davido yasohoye " Aye ", yakozwe na T-Spize. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2021 |title=DavidoAt10: Top ten songs of all time |url=https://punchng.com/davidoat10-top-ten-songs-of-all-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504140229/https://punchng.com/davidoat10-top-ten-songs-of-all-time/ |archive-date=May 4, 2022 |access-date=May 4, 2022 |website=Punch NG}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephen Amaza |date=February 2, 2014 |title=360Hawt: Davido – AYE |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/02/360hawt-davido-aye/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926144944/https://www.360nobs.com/2014/02/360hawt-davido-aye/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=360Nobs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani Ogunjimi |date=February 5, 2014 |title=Davido's Aye Video Out Friday |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/davidos-aye-video-out-friday |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140207223256/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/davidos-aye-video-out-friday |archive-date=February 7, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=[[Daily Times of Nigeria]] {{!}} [[archive.is]]}}</ref> indirimbo yayobowe na Clarence Peters asohoka ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2014. Indirimbo ya Davido yakoranye na Mafikizolo wo muri Afurika yepfo, yiswe "Tchelete (Goodlife)", yasohotse ku ya 30 Mata 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2014 |title=Nigerian Pop Star Davido's "Aye" Music Video Breaks Records |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/nigerian-pop-star-davidos-aye-music-video-breaks-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715162821/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/nigerian-pop-star-davidos-aye-music-video-breaks-record |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=Face 2 Face Africa}}</ref> <ref name="BellaNaija 450">{{Cite web |last=Deji S |date=April 30, 2014 |title=New Music: Davido & Mafikizolo – Tchelete (Goodlife) |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/new-music-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102103748/https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/new-music-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> na Oskido na Shizzi, ikwirakwizwa na [[MTN Rwanda|MTN]] ya Play na Callertunez. <ref name="BellaNaija 450" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2014 |title=New revenue stream unity |url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/124741-1022-53-New_revenue_stream_unity |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030720/http://www.thenewage.co.za/124741-1022-53-New_revenue_stream_unity |archive-date=May 8, 2014 |access-date=May 7, 2014 |website=The New Age Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2014 |title=MTN Business &#124; Virtual Press Office |url=http://www.biztechafrica.com/press/mtn-business//article/mtn-launches-musical-collaboration-between-south-a/8083/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926042100/http://www.biztechafrica.com/press/mtn-business//article/mtn-launches-musical-collaboration-between-south-a/8083/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Biztechafrica.com}}</ref> na Mafikizolo mu birori byabereye muri [[MTN Rwanda|MTN Nigeriya]] ya Elite Night mu Kuboza 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2014 |title=New Video: Davido & Mafikizolo – Tchelete (Goodlife) |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/new-video-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102103746/https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/new-video-davido-mafikizolo-tchelete-goodlife/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> Oskido na Uhuru bagaragaye muri videwo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanessa Okoth-Obbo |date=May 2, 2014 |title=Davido x Mafikizolo 'Tchelete (Goodlife)' |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/2014/05/02/mafikizolo-davido-tchelete-goodlife-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042849/http://www.okayafrica.com/2014/05/02/mafikizolo-davido-tchelete-goodlife-video/ |archive-date=May 8, 2014 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Okayafrica.com}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Davido.jpg|thumb|Davido muri Afurika 2014 Magic Viewers Choice Awards]] Muri Kamena 2014, Davido yakoranye na Mi Casa, Lola Rae, Sarkodie, Diamond Platnumz na Tiwa Savage mu ndirimbo "Africa Rising", indirimbo yakoreshejwe mu gikorwa cy'uruganda rwa DStv cyo guteza imbere ibikorwa by'ishoramari mu rwego rw'imibereho myiza. Video y'indirimbo yafashwe amajwi kandi yayobowe n'inzu yo gutunganya indirimbo yo muri Afurika y'Epfo Callback Dreams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaggwa |first=Andrew |date=June 29, 2014 |title=DStv launches new campaign to inspire Africa |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729024039/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32496:-dstv-launches-new-campaign-to-inspire-africa&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 |archive-date=July 29, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |website=[[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer]]}}</ref> Aba bahanzi baririmbye iyi ndirimbo mu birori byo gutangiza Africa Rising muri Mauritius.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2014 |title=Lindiwe rocks Africa Rising extravaganza |url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726190902/http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/index.php/entertainment/item/5509-lindiwe-rocks-africa-rising-extravaganza |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |website=Zambia Daily Mail}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2015, Davido yashyize hanze indirimbo ya "Fans Mi" yafashije Meek Mill. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Motolani Alake |date=December 4, 2019 |title=Here are the 10 hottest Nigerian artists of the decade (The 2010s) |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192144/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-davido-burna-boy-olamide-the-10-hottest-nigerian-artists-of-the-decade-the/gv409y7 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Mbere yo kurekurwa, yashutse abafana akoresheje amajwi n'amafoto y'inyuma y'ibisonga bya videwo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew Somuah |date=June 10, 2015 |title=Nigerian Artist Davido links up with Meek Mill for "Fans Mi" |url=https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182925/https://thesource.com/2015/06/10/nigerian-artist-davido-links-up-with-meek-mill-for-fans-mi/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=The Source}}</ref> Album ya Davido The Baddest yari iteganyijwe gusohoka muri Kamena 2015<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938">{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=April 14, 2015 |title=HKN star unveils tracklist for new album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162025/https://www.pulse.ng/music/davido-hkn-star-unveils-tracklist-for-new-album-id3653475.html |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> ariko gusohoka kwayo byasubitswe ku itariki ya 10 Ukwakira uwo mwaka.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 740">{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2015 |title=Why singer's 2nd album "Baddest" has not been released |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215210314/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-why-singers-2nd-album-baddest-has-not-been-released/c7qeqlq |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Hashize iminsi ibiri mbere y'uwo munsi, gusohoka byongeye gutangwa kuko ikigo kitamenyekanye cyatanze igitekerezo cyo kugitanga.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 740" /> Davido yari yarashyize hanze Igishushanyo cy'indirimbo ya album no ku rutonde rw'indirimbo mu ntangiriro z'uwo mwaka. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> The Baddest yari ifite gahunda yo gutunganya ibijyanye na Shizzi, Del B, Spellz, J Fem, Don Jazzy, Puffy Tee, Uhuru, Kiddominant na Young John. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> Nanone byari kuzitabirwa n'abahanzi nka P-Square, Don Jazzy, Runtown, Uhuru, DJ Buckz, Akon, Meek Mill, Wale na Trey Songz. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 938" /> Muri Mutarama 2016, Davido yatangaje kuri Twitter ko yasinye amasezerano ya disiki na Sony Music; itangazo rye rivugwaho n'abantu batandukanye. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rotimi Agbana |date=January 23, 2016 |title=Mixed reactions greet Davido's new deal with Sony Music |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/mixed-reactions-greet-davidos-new-deal-with-sony-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924094410/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/mixed-reactions-greet-davidos-new-deal-with-sony-music/ |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |work=Vanguard}}</ref> Iki kigo cy'ubuhanzi cyashyize ahagaragara itangazo ry'itangazamakuru ryo kwemeza amasezerano. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2016 |editor-last=Daniel Anazia |title=Sony Music Entertainment Confirms Deal With Davido |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924045506/http://allafrica.com/stories/201602010304.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> amasezerano Davido yagiranye na Sony yasabye ko asohora albums ebyiri, kandi amwemerera gukomeza uburenganzira ku muziki no kuririmba mu bitaramo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2016 |title=Singer to release two albums with Sony Music |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165525/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singer-to-release-two-albums-with-sony-music/kwfgn5j |archive-date=December 21, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Amezi make nyuma yo gusinyana na Sony, Davido yashinze label yanditseho Davido Music Worldwide (DMW). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=April 6, 2016 |title=End of HKN Music as pop star launches new label, fights with B-Red? |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-end-of-hkn-music-as-pop-star-launches-new-label-fights-with-b-red-id4932061.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050910/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-end-of-hkn-music-as-pop-star-launches-new-label-fights-with-b-red-id4932061.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Dremo, Mayorkun, Yonda na Peruzzi kuri ubu basinywe muri label. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2017 |title=Singer signs new artist Peruzzi to DMW |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-signs-new-artist-peruzzi-to-dmw/2d7nmzs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102105332/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-signs-new-artist-peruzzi-to-dmw/2d7nmzs |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=February 20, 2017 |title=Lola Rae and Dammy Krane are not signed to singer's record label |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-lola-rae-and-dammy-krane-are-not-signed-to-singers-record-label-id6253778.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924052441/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-lola-rae-and-dammy-krane-are-not-signed-to-singers-record-label-id6253778.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2016, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano na RCA Records . Amasezerano yanditse na <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=July 23, 2016 |title=Singer signs new deal with RCA Records |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/davido-singer-signs-new-deal-with-rca-records-id5300173.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924050937/http://www.pulse.ng/buzz/davido-singer-signs-new-deal-with-rca-records-id5300173.html |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> yahinduye gahunda yo ' ''Baddest'' . Nk’uko <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 503">{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Singer's ''Baddest'' album may not be released in 2016. |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singers-baddest-album-may-not-be-released-in-2016/w85e47r |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215210105/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-singers-baddest-album-may-not-be-released-in-2016/w85e47r |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 21, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> ibivuga, amasezerano Davido yagiranye na Sony yasabye ko alubumu yitabirwa n’amahanga kugira ngo yemererwe ku isi hose. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 503" /> Mu Kwakira 2016, yasohoye inzira eshanu EP ''Umuhungu w’Impuhwe'', washyigikiwe n’indirimbo "Gbagbe Oshi", "Igihe kingana iki", "Coolest Kid in Africa"; <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2016 |title=Sony Music star releases "Son Of Mercy" EP |url=https://www.pulse.ng/davido-sony-music-star-releases-son-of-mercy-ep/552qxy0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140050/https://www.pulse.ng/davido-sony-music-star-releases-son-of-mercy-ep/552qxy0 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> kandi ikubiyemo abashyitsi bagaragara na [[:en:Simi_(singer)|Simi]], [[:en:Tinashe|Tinashe]] na [[:en:Nasty_C|Nasty C.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabo Kpade |date=October 19, 2016 |title=It's Pop, Not Afro-Pop: On the Impact of Davido's 'Son of Mercy' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-son-of-mercy-review-pop-not-afro-pop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140259/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-son-of-mercy-review-pop-not-afro-pop/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> === 2017–2018: "If", "Fall", "Fia" and "Assurance" === [[Dosiye:When_you_do_what_you_love.jpg|left|thumb|Davido ahuza urugwiro n'abafana mu gitaramo cya 2018]] Davido yatsindiye ibihembo byiza bya Afrika muri MOBO Awards 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 30, 2017 |title=MOBO Awards 2017: Wizkid and Davido win big |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42177783 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804225428/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42177783 |archive-date=August 4, 2018 |access-date=August 4, 2018 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Gashyantare 2017, yasohoye "Niba", <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2017 |title=If – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175742/https://music.apple.com/us/album/if-single/1205929054 |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> yakozwe na Tekno, wanditse umuzimu wanditse inzira ya Davido. <ref name="OkayAfrica 2">{{Cite web |last=Sabo Kpade |date=February 20, 2017 |title=Hear Davido's New Single 'If,' Produced By Tekno |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829014241/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-if-download-mp3-produced-by-tekno/ |archive-date=August 29, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Amashusho yindirimbo "Niba" amaze gukwirakwizwa inshuro zirenga miliyoni 172 kuri YouTube, bituma abona umwanya muri videwo ye yitwaye neza. <ref name="Trybe City Blog">{{Cite web |last=Trybe |first=City |date=September 9, 2023 |title=Nigerian Music's Global Impact: The Top Ten Most-Viewed YouTube Music Videos |url=https://www.trybecity.com/2023/09/09/nigerian-musics-global-impact-the-top-ten-most-viewed-youtube-music-videos/ |access-date=October 16, 2023 |website=Trybe City Blog |publisher=Peaceful Esther |ref=Trybe |archive-date=October 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018005908/https://www.trybecity.com/2023/09/09/nigerian-musics-global-impact-the-top-ten-most-viewed-youtube-music-videos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yari diyama yemejwe n’inganda zandika amajwi muri Afurika yepfo (RISA), yerekana kohereza ibicuruzwa 200.000. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 221">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2018 |title=OBO's 'If' goes Diamond, 'Fall' hits platinum in South Africa |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175826/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-obos-if-goes-diamond-fall-hits-platinum-in-south-africa/1mxg03p |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> "Niba" yatsindiye Indirimbo nziza ya Pop Indirimbo nziza yumwaka muri Headies 2018 . <ref name="Guardian Life 691">{{Cite web |last=Billy Praise |date=May 5, 2018 |title=The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners. |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042759/https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=Guardian Life}}</ref> Asubiramo OkayAfrica, Sabo Kpade yavuze ko iyi ndirimbo ari "gutwika buhoro" hamwe n "" urusaku rudasanzwe rwumvikana neza kandi rudafite ibikoresho ". Amashusho y'indirimbo "Niba" yafatiwe i <ref name="OkayAfrica 2" /> yayobowe na Director Q ikorwa na Tunde Babalola. <ref name="Trace TV">{{Cite web |last=Elvis Adi |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Exclusive behind the scene video : Davido's "If" |url=https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192114/https://trace.tv/videos/exclusive-behind-scene-video-davidos/ |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=TRACE |publisher=Trace TV}}</ref> Davido yifatanije nuwashushanyaga imyenda yumugabo Orange Umuco wo gusohora icyegeranyo cya capsule cyahumetswe na "Niba". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olamide Olarewaju |date=September 13, 2017 |title=1st look at designer, singer's capsule collection in Selfridges |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215135406/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/orange-culture-x-davido-1st-look-at-designer-singers-capsule-collection-in-selfridges/6ntjz71 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Davido Yasohoye indirimbo "Fall",ikubiyemo igice cy'indirimbo Kojo Funds's track "Dun Talking",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobi Akingbade |date=November 29, 2017 |title=Afrobeat singer Davido asks haters 'are you God?' after strings of plagiarism accusations |url=https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/29/afrobeat-singer-davido-asks-haters-are-you-god-after-strings-of-plagiarism-accusations-7119432/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192110/https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/29/afrobeat-singer-davido-asks-haters-are-you-god-after-strings-of-plagiarism-accusations-7119432/ |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=March 17, 2019 |website=[[Metro.co.uk]]}}</ref> muri Kamena 2, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2017 |title=Fall – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fall-single/1243164651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192110/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fall-single/1243164651 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=November 23, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> RISA yemeje "Fall" platinum;<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 221"/> Iyo ndirimbo yari imwe mu ndirimbo 100 zakunzwe cyane gushakishwa kuri [[:en:Shazam|Shazam]] muri Amerika muri Mutarama 2019, kandi yari mu ndirimbo 10 zakunzwe cyane kuri Shazam muri New York muri Gashyantare 2019,Yabaye indirimbo ya pop y’Abanyanigeria imaze igihe kirekire ku rutonde rwa ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]'' mu mateka .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=February 6, 2019 |title=Davido's 'Fall' Is the Longest-Charting Nigerian Pop Song in Billboard History |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140233/https://www.okayafrica.com/davidos-fall-is-the-longest-charting-nigerian-pop-song-in-billboard-history/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> "Fall" yashyizwe ku mwanya 163 ku rutonde rwa Pitchfork rw'indirmbo 200 nziza za mbere mu za 2010s kugeza 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2019 |title=The 200 Best Songs of the 2010s |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-songs-of-the-2010s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011032035/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-200-best-songs-of-the-2010s/ |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=October 12, 2019 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Umuyobozi w’amashusho wavukiye muri Nigeria akaba Umunyaburayi, Daps, ni we wayoboye gufata video y’indirimbo ya "Fall",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=August 19, 2019 |title=5 leading Nigerian music video directors you should know |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/5-leading-nigerian-music-video-directors-you-should-know/2vw9l3v |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617135244/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/5-leading-nigerian-music-video-directors-you-should-know/2vw9l3v |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |access-date=May 18, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> mu Ugushyingo 2023 yari imaze kurebwa inshuro zisaga miliyoni 274, ikaba ari video imaze kurebwa cyane cyane n’umuhanzi w’Umunya-Nigeria kuri YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Davido's 'Fall' becomes most viewed video by a Nigerian artist on Youtube |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-fall-is-most-viewed-nigerian-music-video-on-youtube/45vhcn1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210192106/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-fall-is-most-viewed-nigerian-music-video-on-youtube/45vhcn1 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |access-date=March 17, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017, Davido yasohoye "Fia" <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2017 |title=FIA Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-single/1309765542 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223606/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-single/1309765542 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> yakozwe na Fresh VDM kandi isobanurwa nk'inzira nziza . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2017 |title=Who is Fresh VDM, the producer behind OBO's instant hit 'FIA'? |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-who-is-fresh-vdm-the-producer-behind-obos-instant-hit-fia/gd89l3w |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215225913/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-who-is-fresh-vdm-the-producer-behind-obos-instant-hit-fia/gd89l3w |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="Native Magazine 51">{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Best New Music: Davido has something to say about avoiding drama on new track, "Fia" |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/hear-davidos-soulful-new-track-fia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223612/https://thenativemag.com/music/hear-davidos-soulful-new-track-fia/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Ku murongo wa kabiri, Davido avuga ku ifatwa rye n’uruhare rwa Caroline Danjuma mu gukurura ibihuha yagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Tagbo Umenike. <ref name="Native Magazine 51" /> Umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru Native Magazine yashimye uburyo Davido yanditse indirimbo avuga ko "Fia" "abasha kwerekana zimwe mu ntambara aherutse kugirira ku giti cye, atiriwe yifuza mu buryo burambuye". <ref name="Native Magazine 51" /> Asubiramo umuziki muri Afurika, Kayode Faniyi yavuze ko "Fia" itanga "amakimbirane abaho" kandi ko "nta gushidikanya ko ari indirimbo y’umwuga wa Davido - nibura kugeza igihe azirenza". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koyode Faniyi |date=January 3, 2018 |title=FIA is the song of Davido's career |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/fia-song-davido%E2%80%99s-career |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215223606/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/fia-song-davido%25E2%2580%2599s-career |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> Daniel Orubo wo mu miyoboro ya Konbini yavuze ko "Fia" ari inzira "ihuza" ikoresha "ijwi ryijimye" rya Davido. <ref name="Konbini Channels 2">{{Cite web |last=Daniel Orubo |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Watch The Video For Davido's Incredible New Single, 'Fia' |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-manages-to-top-if-fall-with-incredible-new-single-fia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215225935/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-manages-to-top-if-fall-with-incredible-new-single-fia |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Konbini Channels}}</ref> <ref name="Guardian Life 691"/> " yatorewe kuba Indirimbo nziza ya Pop Indirimbo nziza yumwaka muri Headies 2018. <ref name="Konbini Channels 2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2018 |title=FIA (Remix) [feat. Stefflon Don] – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-remix-feat-stefflon-don-single/1364954644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217085651/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fia-remix-feat-stefflon-don-single/1364954644 |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> Stefflon Don yatewe inkunga na "Fia " yasohotse ku ya 30 Werurwe 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel Orubo |date=April 3, 2018 |title=Davido Teams Up With Stefflon Don For The Remix Of 'Fia' |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/davido-stefflon-don-fia-remix/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217034031/https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/davido-stefflon-don-fia-remix/ |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |access-date=December 17, 2019 |website=Konbini Channels}}</ref> Davido yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Afurika kandi yari umwe mu bahawe ibihembo byiza ku isi hose muri MTV Europe Music Awards 2017 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damola Durosomo |date=November 13, 2017 |title=Davido Wins 'Best African Act' at MTV EMAs, Wizkid Snags 3 AFRIMAs and More |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davids-wizkid-mtv-emas-afrima-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215155715/https://www.okayafrica.com/davids-wizkid-mtv-emas-afrima-awards/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2017 |title=Here are your 2017 MTV EMA Winners |url=https://www.mtvema.com/articles/9hglaf/here-are-your-2017-mtv-ema-winners |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215155713/https://www.mtvema.com/articles/9hglaf/here-are-your-2017-mtv-ema-winners |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=MTV EMA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hancox |first=Dan |date=February 19, 2018 |title=Davido review – Nigerian pop superstar feels the love |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/feb/19/davido-review-brixton-academy-london |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215205922/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/feb/19/davido-review-brixton-academy-london |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019}}</ref> Davido yasohoye "Icyizere" ku ya 30 Mata 2018; yeguriye inzira umukunzi we arayirekura kugira ngo ahure n’imyaka 23 amaze avutse. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=May 3, 2018 |title=Singer's new single, ''Assurance'' hits 1M views in 24 hours |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singers-new-single-assurance-hits-1m-views-in-24-hours/2clgpjv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725004851/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singers-new-single-assurance-hits-1m-views-in-24-hours/2clgpjv |archive-date=July 25, 2020 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Asubiramo ikinyamakuru ''kavukire'', Toye Sokunbi yavuze ko indirimbo "ivuga byinshi ku kamaro ko gusobanuka mu gihe cya emojis, kwemezwa n'abo dukunda no gushyira urukundo imbere, mu buryo butandukanye". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Toye Sokunbi |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Best New Music: Davido's "Assurance" Stamps Summer '18 as the Season of Love |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/davido-marks-summer-season-love-assurance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018012323/http://thenativemag.com/music/davido-marks-summer-season-love-assurance/ |archive-date=October 18, 2018 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=Native Magazine}}</ref> Davido yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri BET Awards 2018, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wabonye igihembo cye kuri stage nkuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Priscilla Ward |date=June 11, 2019 |title=Interview: Davido on Taking African Music Global |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-interview-nigeria-african-music-global/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102095443/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-interview-nigeria-african-music-global/ |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Mu ijambo rye ryakiriye, yasabye abakunzi n’abahanzi bo muri Amerika gusura Afurika no kurya ibiryo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Odutayo |first=Damilola |date=June 25, 2018 |title='Come to Africa,' Nigerian star Davido urges as he lands BET award in LA |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/africa/nigerian-singer-davido-wins-bet-award/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418223644/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/25/africa/nigerian-singer-davido-wins-bet-award/index.html |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Muri Kanama na Nzeri 2018, Davido yaririmbye mu nzu ya Blues i Boston mu rwego rwa "The Locked Up Tour", <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 109" /> yatangiye muri Kanama ikazarangira muri Nzeri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=August 1, 2018 |title=Popstar to embark on tour of the United States tagged, 'The Locked Up Tour' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-popstar-to-embark-on-tour-of-the-united-states-tagged-the-locked-up-tour/b68ksnq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182803/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-popstar-to-embark-on-tour-of-the-united-states-tagged-the-locked-up-tour/b68ksnq |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref>, nyuma y'uru ruzinduko, yakinnye hamwe na Meek Mill, Post Malone na Fat Joe mu iserukiramuco rya Made in America . <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 109">{{Cite web |last=Ehis Ohunyon |date=September 2, 2018 |title=Singer performs with Meek Mill, Post Malone at Made In America concert [Photos] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-performs-with-meek-mill-post-malone-at-made-in-america-concert-photos/6d5nld1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182800/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-singer-performs-with-meek-mill-post-malone-at-made-in-america-concert-photos/6d5nld1 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> === 2019: Igitaramo cya O2 Arena, "Blow My Mind", "Risky", Good time === [[Dosiye:Davido_performing_at_the_Lagos_city_Marathon_gala_2020.jpeg|thumb|Davido aririmbira mumujyi wa Lagos Marathon gala 2020]] Muri Mutarama 2019, Davido yagurishije The O2 Arena i Londres, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere w’umunyafurika wabikoze nyuma ya Wizkid mu mwaka wa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Linora |first=jj |date=March 2019 |title=Davido Talks About Being The 1st African Artiste To Sell Out O2 Arena & What It Cost Him |url=https://notjustok.com/article/interviews/davido-talks-about-being-the-1st-african-artiste-to-sell-out-o2-what-it-cost-him/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823065845/https://notjustok.com/article/interviews/davido-talks-about-being-the-1st-african-artiste-to-sell-out-o2-what-it-cost-him/ |archive-date=August 23, 2021 |access-date=August 23, 2021 |website=Notjustok.com}}</ref> <ref name="GQ Magazine"/> <ref name="OkayAfrica 181">{{Cite news |last=Kam Tambini |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Watch Davido Shut Down London's O2 Arena |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-london-02-arena-video-concert-show/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924074443/https://www.okayafrica.com/davido-london-02-arena-video-concert-show/ |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref name="OkayAfrica 181" /> Kwandikira ''The Guardian'' Caroline Sullivan yahaye igitaramo inyenyeri enye kuri eshanu, yita Davido "alfa" ati; "imyifatire ye myinshi iterwa n'abaraperi b'Abanyamerika bakoranye, barimo Young Thug na Swae Lee". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Caroline Sullivan |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Davido review – Afrobeats' alpha male takes Nigeria to the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jan/28/davido-review-o2-arena-london |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215190629/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jan/28/davido-review-o2-arena-london |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Inzira ya Chris Brown yafashijwe " Blow My Mind " yasohotse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Blow My Mind – Single by Davido |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://music.apple.com/us/album/blow-my-mind-single/1473507415 |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> Yakozwe na Shizzi kandi mu ntangiriro yari igamije gusohoka nk'indirimbo ya mbere ya alubumu. Amashusho yindirimbo yindirimbo yakusanyije miliyoni imwe mumasaha <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Amanda |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Davido And Chris Brown Release New Single "Blow My Mind" |url=https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172805/https://www.rcarecords.com/news/davido-and-chris-brown-release-new-single-blow-my-mind/ |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=RCA Records |publisher=[[RCA Records]]}}</ref> arenga "Fever" ya Wizkid na " Ngwino wegere " ahinduka amashusho yindirimbo yo muri Nigeriya kugirango agere kuri iki gikorwa vuba. Yabaye kandi amashusho yindirimbo yo <ref name="Konbini Channels 24">{{Cite web |last=Adewojumi Aderemi |date=August 1, 2019 |title=Davido's Video For 'Blow My Mind' Breaks Two YouTube Records In A Day |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215172746/https://www.konbini.com/ng/music/davido-set-yet-another-record-with-blow-my-mind |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |publisher=Konbini Channels}}</ref> kugirango ibone ibitekerezo byinshi mumasaha 24 yambere isohotse. <ref name="Konbini Channels 24" /> "Risky" yasohotse ku ya 23 Ukwakira <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evan Minsker |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Davido and Popcaan Share New Song "Risky": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230510/https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Amashusho y'indirimbo "Risky" yayobowe <ref name="Billboard 41" /> Alabi kandi yunamiye serivise ya televiziyo ya ''Top Boy'' . Muri <ref name="Billboard 41" />, umunyarwandakazi wo mu bakozi ba Davido na Popcaan abamenyesha abapolisi. <ref name="Billboard 41" /> Album ya kabiri ya Davido A Good Time yasohotse ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 2019; <ref name="Pitchfork 161">{{Cite web |last=Evan Minsker |date=October 23, 2019 |title=Davido and Popcaan Share New Song "Risky": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230510/https://pitchfork.com/news/davido-and-popcaan-share-new-song-risky-listen/ |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2019 |publisher=Pitchfork}}</ref> ikubiyemo indirimbo z'indirimbo "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" na "Risky".<ref name="Pitchfork 161" /> Davido yafashe amashusho ya A Good Time i Atlanta;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jesse Bernard |date=October 24, 2019 |title=Davido's Enjoying The Best Of Both Worlds |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025230508/https://www.complex.com/music/2019/10/davido-interview |archive-date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=November 3, 2019 |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]}}</ref> yabwiye ikinyamakuru Vibe ko yifuzaga gufata amashusho muburyo bushya.<ref name="Vibe 121">{{Cite web |last=Stacy-Ann Ellis |date=October 15, 2019 |title=20 Minutes With Davido: The Afrobeats Giant Talks Confidence, Timing And Strong Foundations |url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/10/davido-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128020032/https://www.vibe.com/2019/10/davido-interview |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]}}</ref> Davido yavuze ko album ari [[igitabo]] cyakozwe n'abantu bose, avuga ko igizwe ahanini n'abakinnyi b'ikipe ya Afrobeats ariko ko igizwe n'ibindi bintu byo mu zindi njyana.<ref name="Vibe 121" /> Davido yatangaje izina ry'iyi album mu birori byabereye i Lagos muri Nzeri 2019 avuga ko izasohoka mu kwezi gukurikiraho.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1">{{Cite web |last=Motolani Alake |date=September 5, 2019 |title=Davido's new album, 'A Good Time' set for October release |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-new-album-a-good-time-set-for-october-release/krxhhxf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915054018/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davidos-new-album-a-good-time-set-for-october-release/krxhhxf |archive-date=September 15, 2019 |access-date=November 3, 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Nanone yashyize hanze inyandiko z'indirimbo enye zo muri album mu gihe cy'iki gitaramo. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1" /> Muri Nyakanga 2020, A Good Time yarenze miliyari 1 y'indirimbo zafashwe amajwi ku mbuga zitandukanye za digitale. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Davido's 'A Good Time' album hits 1 billion streams |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/405832-davidos-a-good-time-album-hits-1-billion-streams.html?tztc=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171135/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/405832-davidos-a-good-time-album-hits-1-billion-streams.html?tztc=1 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> === 2020–2022: ''A Better Time'' and social media fundraising === Muri Gicurasi 2020, Davido yagaragaye ari kumwe na Bwana Eazi na Tiwa Savage mu nkuru y’ikinyamakuru ''Billboard'' yise "Africa Now". <ref name="OkayAfrica 7654">{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2020 |title=Davido, Tiwa Savage and Mr Eazi Cover Billboard Magazine |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/billboard-africa-now-davido-tiwa-savage-mr-eazi-cover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218154814/https://www.okayafrica.com/billboard-africa-now-davido-tiwa-savage-mr-eazi-cover/ |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |access-date=February 18, 2023 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Ikiganiro cyakozwe hifashishijwe guhamagarwa kuri videwo ; abahanzi bakemuye ingingo nyinshi, zirimo ubuzima buri muri karantine na afrobeats nkicyiciro. <ref name="OkayAfrica 7654" /> Kuri Twitter, Davido yatangaje gahunda yo kumurika alubumu ye ya gatatu ya studio ''A Igihe Cyiza'' . Yavuze ko yafashe amajwi 11 kuri iyi alubumu anatangaza ko iyi nyandiko izagaragaramo " Tiwa Savage " kandi ko we n'abantu bose bakoraga kuri iyi alubumu bateranije inzira mu minsi 14. Muri <ref name="ABT">{{Cite web |last=Ekechukwu |first=Ferdinand |date=May 9, 2020 |title=Davido's Getting Set for a Better Time with Nicki Minaj |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2020/05/09/davidos-getting-set-for-a-better-time-with-nicki-minaj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414212418/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/05/09/davidos-getting-set-for-a-better-time-with-nicki-minaj/amp/ |archive-date=April 14, 2022 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=[[This Day]]}}</ref>, Davido yagaragaye kuri ''Tonight Show yakinnye na Jimmy Fallon'' kugira ngo akore agace k'indirimbo ze "D&G" na "Kugwa" kuri alubumu ''Igihe Cyiza'' . Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison Hussey |last2=Jazz Monroe |date=July 15, 2020 |title=Watch Davido Perform "D&G/Fall" Medley on Fallon |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/watch-davido-perform-d-and-g-fall-medley-on-fallon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://pitchfork.com/news/watch-davido-perform-d-and-g-fall-medley-on-fallon/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> Kanama 2020, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Grammy yatangaje ko Davido ari umushyitsi wihariye mu kiganiro cyayo cyo ku wa mbere. Yitabiriye ibirori ndangamurage bya Instagram Live, byabaye nyuma yiminsi itatu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2020 |title=Davido Set For GRAMMY Museum Mentorship Monday Instagram Live Event |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-set-grammy-museum-mentorship-monday-instagram-live-event |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-set-grammy-museum-mentorship-monday-instagram-live-event |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2020 |title=Twitter goes wild as Davido chats with The Grammys on Instagram Live after 3-month social media hiatus |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-chats-with-the-grammys-on-instagram-live/65jgydx.amp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908010556/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-chats-with-the-grammys-on-instagram-live/65jgydx.amp |archive-date=September 8, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Nzeri 2020, yasohoye indirimbo yakozwe na Dammy Twitch yise "FEM", hamwe n'amashusho yayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Youngtoff |title=Nigerian singer, Davido drops the official music video for his new singer "FEM" » Olori Media Hub |url=https://olorinews.com/davido-fem-official-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926062939/https://olorinews.com/davido-fem-official-video/ |archive-date=September 26, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |website=Olori Media Hub}}</ref> ''Igihe cyiza'' cyasohotse ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 2020. <ref name="ABT2">{{Cite news |date=September 2, 2020 |title=Davido completes work on third album |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/davido-completes-work-on-third-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903004155/https://thenationonlineng.net/davido-completes-work-on-third-album/amp/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |access-date=September 6, 2020 |work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Harimo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Lil Baby, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Chris Brown, na Young Thug, n'abandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2020 |title=Listen to Davido's New Album A Better Time, Featuring Nicki Minaj, Nas, Young Thug, and More |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-davidos-new-album-a-better-time-featuring-nicki-minaj-nas-young-thug-and-more/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113011458/https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-davidos-new-album-a-better-time-featuring-nicki-minaj-nas-young-thug-and-more/ |archive-date=November 13, 2020 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> Davido yafashe alubumu nyuma yo guhagarika urugendo rwe muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru 2019 biturutse ku cyorezo cya COVID-19 gikomeje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael Bamidele |date=November 13, 2020 |title=Stream: Davido Releases New Album Album "A Better Time" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/stream-davido-releases-new-album-a-better-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://guardian.ng/life/stream-davido-releases-new-album-a-better-time/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Guardian Life}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2021, Davido yasabye bagenzi be ndetse n’abafana kumwoherereza miliyoni imwe naira, maze avuga ko abatamutumyeho amafaranga batagomba kongera kwiteranya na we. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyinka Odutuyo |date=November 19, 2021 |title=I've Been Lifting Others Up, Davido Says As He Challenges His Friends to Send Him N1m Each |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1443895-davido-challnegs-friend-send-n1-million-bank-account |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120231741/https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1443895-davido-challnegs-friend-send-n1-million-bank-account/ |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |access-date=November 21, 2021 |website=Legit |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Davido raises over N50M in less than an hour on Twitter after tweeting his account details |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-raises-over-n50m-in-less-than-an-hour-on-twitter-after-tweeting-his-account/d3xekmy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180343/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-raises-over-n50m-in-less-than-an-hour-on-twitter-after-tweeting-his-account/d3xekmy |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Yakusanyije miliyoni 200 naira yongeraho miliyoni 50 naira y'amafaranga ye, yose ayatanga mu mazu y'imfubyi muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Davido tok wetin e go use N200,000,000 e get from birthday fundraiser take do |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59355182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180347/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59355182 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevan Ravindran |date=November 20, 2021 |title=Nigerian musician Davido says he will give $600,000 to charity after online appeal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/20/africa/davido-nigeria-money-million-crowdfunding-online-scli-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513180343/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/20/africa/davido-nigeria-money-million-crowdfunding-online-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2022, Davido yagaragaye ku ndirimbo " Hayya Hayya (Better together) " ari kumwe n'umuririmbyi w'umunyamerika Trinidad Cardona n'umuririmbyi wa Qatari Aisha. Indirimbo yagaragaye bwa mbere kuri alubumu yakusanyije ''FIFA Igikombe cyisi Qatar 2022 Amashusho yemewe'' (2022). Muri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayya Hayya (Better Together) {{!}} Trinidad Cardona, Davido & Aisha |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/hayya-hayya-better-together-is-the-first-of-a-selection-of-singles-to-be#:~:text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20%7C%20Trinidad%20Cardona%2C%20Davido%20%26%20Aisha&text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20is,Qatar%202022%E2%84%A2%20Official%20Soundtrack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171134/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/hayya-hayya-better-together-is-the-first-of-a-selection-of-singles-to-be#:~:text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20%7C%20Trinidad%20Cardona%2C%20Davido%20%26%20Aisha&text=Hayya%20Hayya%20(Better%20Together)%20is,Qatar%202022%E2%84%A2%20Official%20Soundtrack. |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=Fifa.com}}</ref>, Davido yasohoye indirimbo yakozwe na Pheelz " Hagarara ukomeye ", iyi ikaba ari yo ya mbere yasohoye wenyine muri uyu mwaka kandi ikubiyemo amajwi ya Korali yo ku cyumweru . Muri <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chibuzo Emmanuel |date=May 13, 2020 |title=Davido releases his debut single, "Stand Strong" |url=https://thenativemag.com/davido-debut-single-stand-strong/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205171133/https://thenativemag.com/davido-debut-single-stand-strong/ |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023}}</ref>, Davido yatangaje iserukiramuco rye rya mbere ngarukamwaka ryitwa Are We African Yet (AWAY), ryabereye ahitwa Farm Farm Arena i Atlanta, Jeworujiya, ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 2022, rikaba ryarimo n'ibitaramo byakozwe na Kizz Daniel, Pheelz, Lojay na BNXN . === 2023 - ubungubu: ''Timiless'', Nine + Records, na ''5ive'' === Muri Kamena 2022, Davido yabwiye ikinyamakuru ''Rolling Stone'' (Umuzingo)alubumu ye ya kane ya studio ''Igihe'' kitarangiye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry Mamo |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Davido Announces Fourth Studio Album ''Timeless'' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/davido-new-album-timeless-announcement-1235290679/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322083631/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/davido-new-album-timeless-announcement-1235290679/ |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Billboard}}</ref> 21 Werurwe 2023, yatangaje kuri Instagram iyi alubumu izasohoka ku ya 31 Werurwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex Gonzalez |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Davido Announced His New Album 'Timeless' With A Message Thanking Fans For Always Supporting Him |url=https://uproxx.com/music/davido-timeless-release-date-trailer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321184614/https://uproxx.com/music/davido-timeless-release-date-trailer/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |publisher=Uproxx}}</ref> ''Igihe'' cyabaye alubumu ya mbere ya Davido mumyaka itatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex Gonzalez |date=April 4, 2023 |title=Davido Delivered An Energetic Performance Of 'Timeless' Standouts 'Feel' And 'Unavailable' On 'Colbert' |url=https://uproxx.com/music/davido-feel-unavailable-colbert-late-show/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Uproxx}}</ref> Yatangarije CNN umutwe wa alubumu, uwatunganije amajwi Don Jazzy yamusabye, ni ikigaragaza intego ye kugira ngo iyi alubumu yibukwe mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. <ref name="CNN 123">{{Cite web |last=Aisha Salaudeen |last2=Larry Madowo |date=March 31, 2023 |title='I'm ready to get back': Afrobeats superstar Davido drops new album 'Timeless' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/31/africa/davido-timeless-album-release-spc-intl/index.html |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Don Jazzy suggested I name my album Timeless – Davido |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/01/don-jazzy-suggested-i-name-my-album-timeless-davido/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Daily Post}}</ref> Yatangarije kandi umuyoboro wamakuru alubumu yanyuze mu byiciro bitatu mbere yanyuma yayo. <ref name="CNN 123" /> Album ya 17-track ikubiyemo ubufatanye na Skepta, Angelique Kidjo, Asake, Focalistic, Cavemen nabandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Asake, Fave, Skepta, Angelique Kidjo, The Cavemen – Davido's "Timeless" is Star-Studded |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/03/davido-timeless-tracklist-album/ |access-date=March 30, 2023 |website=Bellanaija}}</ref> wakozwe na Magicsticks, Rage, Darmie, Blaisebeatz, [[1da Banton]], Caltonic SA, Young Alpha n'abandi. <ref name="Afrocritik 1">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Daraloye |last2=Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido completes his trilogy with a triumphant return on 'Timeless' LP |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/davido-completes-his-trilogy-with-a-triumphant-return-on-timeless-lp/ |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Afrocritik}}</ref> Ahanini inyandiko ya amapiano, ''Igihe kitarambiranye'' cyerekana imiziki nka Dancehall, ragga, konto, highlife na Afropop . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeayo Adebiyi |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido delivers his most musically accomplished album yet with 'Timeless' [Pulse Album Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-album-review-davido-makes-his-most-musically-accomplished-album-yet-with/wtc0w36 |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003530/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-album-review-davido-makes-his-most-musically-accomplished-album-yet-with/wtc0w36 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubuhanzi bwa Umuzingo(alubumu) yerekana igishusho cy'umutwe wa Davido, [[inzovu]] ebyiri zifunze, n'inzira iganisha ku masaha manini. Indirimbo ya kabiri yo muri ku umuzingo we " <ref name="Afrocritik 1" /> ishushanya mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Ubuholandi]] na [[Surinamu|Suriname]], aho yageze ku mwanya wa mbere . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2023 |title=Nigerians react to the remix of 'Unavailable' by Davido featuring Latto |url=https://notjustok.com/news/reactions-remix-of-unavailable-by-davido-latto/ |access-date=August 20, 2023 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> Davido yakiriye ibihembo bitatu mu birori bya 66 ngarukamwaka bya Grammy Awards, harimo umuzingo wa mwiza w'indirimbo wa mbere kwisi na Icyiciro cy’indirimbo cyangwa imbyino nyafurika zihiga izindi muri "Unavailable". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Enos |first=Morgan |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Meet The First-Time Nominee: Davido On The Rise Of African Music & Making 'Timeless' Songs |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/davido-timeless-interview-2024-grammys-meet-first-time-nominee |access-date=17 February 2024 |publisher=Grammy}}</ref> Mu 2023, Chris Brown yerekanye Davido na Lojay ku ndirimbo ye yise " Sensational ", yasohotse nk'indirimbo ya kabiri muri alubumu ye ya cumi na rimwe muri studio ''11:11'' . Iyi ndirimbo yerekanwe ku mwanya wa 96 kuri ''Billboard Hot 100'' yo muri Amerika, ikora nka Davido na Lojay ku nshuro ya mbere ku mbonerahamwe. Muri Mutarama 2024, Davido yashyizwe ku rutonde inshuro eshatu muri 55 ya NAACP Image Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orimemi |first=Victor |date=January 26, 2024 |title=FULL LIST: Burna Boy, Davido, 'Mami Wata' nominated for 2024 NAACP Awards |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/full-list-burna-boy-davido-mami-wata-nominated-for-2024-naacp-awards/#:~:text=Davido%20followed%20closely%20with%20four,and%20'Outstanding%20Male%20Artiste'. |access-date=January 26, 2024 |website=The Cable Lifestyle}}</ref> Muri Mata 2024, Davido yashinze isosiyete ye yandika, Nine + Records, ku bufatanye na UnitedMasters. Mu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thania Garcia |date=April 19, 2024 |title=Music Industry Moves: Davido Launches Record Label in Partnership With UnitedMasters |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/musicares-volunteer-the-day-that-music-cares-1235972600/ |access-date=15 February 2025 |publisher=Variety}}</ref>, yabwiye ikinyamakuru ''Rolling Stone'' ko alubumu ye ya gatanu ya studio, ''5ive'', izashyirwa ahagaragara muri Werurwe 2025. Yatangaje kandi ko "Funds" igaragaramo umuraperi Odumodublvck n'umuririmbyi Chike, nk'indirimbo ya kabiri ya alubumu. Indirimbo ntangarugero ya Brenda Fassie yo mu 1997 "Vuli Ndlela". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mankaprr Conteh |date=5 December 2024 |title=Davido Announces New Album '5ive' With Single 'Funds': 'Isn't Just About Money' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/davido-announces-album-5ive-2025-funds-odumodublvck-1235193852/ |access-date=19 December 2024 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Davido avuga ko ishyaka rye ry'umuziki abikesha nyina, maze akura yumva abaraperi Ja Rule na 50 Cent . Nk’uko <ref name="Flaunt Magazine">{{Cite web |title=Davido - Up Close and Personal for A Good Time |url=https://www.flaunt.com/blog/davido-up-close-personal#:~:text=%E2%80%9CI%20was%20a%20big%20Ja,a%20sound%2C%E2%80%9D%20he%20says. |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Flaunt Magazine}}</ref> ''kibitangaza'' ngo ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati ya Afrobeats, hip hop na R&amp;amp;B . <ref name="Flaunt Magazine" /> Mu kiganiro na ''Numéro'', Davido yavuze ko yari umwe mu bagize itsinda rya hip-hop mbere yo kwerekeza muri R&B hanyuma Afrobeats. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delphine Roche. |date=4 March 2021 |title=Davido: ambassador of afrobeats |url=https://numero.com/en/culture/davido-ambassador-of-afrobeats-2/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Numero}}</ref> Nk’uko umwanditsi Jon Pareles wanditse ''ikinyamakuru New York Times'' abitangaza ngo umuziki wa Davido wibanze ku ngingo zishimishije nko gukundana, kwifuza, no gutekereza neza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jon Pareles |date=November 11, 2020 |title=The Afrobeats Star Davido, an Upbeat Voice in a Turbulent Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/arts/music/davido-a-better-time.html |access-date=26 January 2025 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> N'ubwo yanenzwe kuba afite "ijwi ryijimye kandi ryijimye", Emmanuel Daraloye yashimye imikorere ya Davido mu majwi kuri udakendera . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seun Adeuyi |date=11 June 2023 |title=Davido: I've Been Struggling With My Voice |url=https://dailytrust.com/davido-ive-been-struggling-with-my-voice/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> <ref name="Afrocritik1234">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Daraloye |last2=Yinoluwa Olowofoyeku |date=April 1, 2023 |title=Davido Completes His Trilogy with a Triumphant Return on "Timeless" LP |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/davido-completes-his-trilogy-with-a-triumphant-return-on-timeless-lp/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=Afrocritik}}</ref> By'umwihariko, Daraloye yamuhaye inguzanyo yo kujya "ku birenge" hamwe na Fave kuri "Kante" no gutanga "igitabo cyo hasi cyashyizwe hasi" ku ndirimbo "Ku Muhanda". <ref name="Afrocritik1234" /> == Indi mishinga == Ku ya 6 Mata 2012, ''Imyidagaduro yo muri Nijeriya Uyu munsi'' yatangaje ko Davido yasinyanye na [[MTN Rwanda|MTN]] miliyoni 30 zama pound . Muri ayo masezerano, Davido yabaye isura ya MTN Pulse, ubukangurambaga bugamije kwamamaza urubyiruko rwo muri Nijeriya. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osagie Alonge |date=April 6, 2012 |title=Davido bags N30m deal as MTN 'Ambassador' |url=https://thenet.ng/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926095743/http://thenet.ng/2012/04/davido-bags-n30m-deal-as-mtn-ambassador/ |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Ukwakira 2013, ''Pulse Nigeria'' yatangaje ko Guinness Nigeria yasinyanye na Davido amasezerano yo kwemeza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joey Akan |date=October 24, 2013 |title=Olamide, Wizkid & Davido Sign Endorsement Deals With Guinness Nigeria |url=http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085922/http://pulse.ng/music/olamide-wizkid-davido-sign-endorsement-deals-with-guiness-nigeria-id2522182.html |archive-date=April 17, 2016 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> Mu rwego rw’amasezerano, yakoreye igitaramo muri Guinness World of More Concert ari kumwe n’abahanzi barimo P-Square, D'banj, [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], Ice Prince, Burna Boy, Olamide, Phyno, Chidinma, Waje na Tiwa Savage . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2013 |title=Nigeria: P-Square, Davido, Others Ignite Guinness World of More Concert |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701182132/http://allafrica.com/stories/201311010364.html |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=Vanguard |publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2018, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano yo kwamamariza Infinix Mobile, uruganda rukora telefoni rukorera muri Hong Kong. Muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Davido Bags Endorsement Deal With Infinix |url=https://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815111007/http://guardian.ng/life/davido-bags-endorsement-deal-with-infinix/ |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |access-date=December 2, 2018 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}</ref>, yabaye ambasaderi w’ikirango ku isoko rya 1xBet . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Raphael |date=May 7, 2021 |title=Bobo Ajudua's BFA & Co. Legal Closes New 1xBet, Davido Deal |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/bobo-ajuduas-bfa-co-legal-closes-new-1xbet-davido-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007110052/https://www.sunnewsonline.com/bobo-ajuduas-bfa-co-legal-closes-new-1xbet-davido-deal/ |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=[[The Sun (Nigeria)]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2021 |title=1xBet announced Davido as the newest brand ambassador in Africa |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/features/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222040218/https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/1xbet-announcs-davido-as-the-newest-brand-ambassador-in-africa/ |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |access-date=September 17, 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2021, ambasaderi w'ikirango cya cognac Martell cyatangaje ko ari ambasaderi mushya. Mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2021 |title=Martell cognac launches 'be the standout swift' campaign with Davido |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/martell-cognac-launches-be-the-standout-swift-campaign-with-davido/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208023219/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/martell-cognac-launches-be-the-standout-swift-campaign-with-davido/ |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=July 18, 2022 |website=Vanguar Nigeria |language=en}}</ref>, Davido yasinyanye amasezerano n’uruganda rukora inkweto Puma maze aba ambasaderi w’ibirango ku isi. <ref name="Puma 123"/> == Ubuzima bwite == Davido yabyaye abana batandatu; abakobwa batatu n'abahungu batatu (umwe muri bo yapfuye). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sare |first=Watimagbo |date=2023 |title=Davido, Chioma Leave Hospital With Twins |url=https://punchng.com/davido-chioma-leave-hospital-with-twins/?amp |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=punch.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odion Okonofua |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Davido spotted with 4th child for first time in public. |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-spotted-with-4th-child-for-first-time-in-public/y4rd2z3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312153850/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/davido-spotted-with-4th-child-for-first-time-in-public/y4rd2z3 |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2022, ikinyamakuru ''Peoples Gazette'' cyatangaje urupfu rw'umuhungu mukuru wa Davido n'umwana wa gatatu David Ifeanyi Adeleke Jr., warohamye muri pisine yo koga mu rugo rwa se I Banana ; yari afite imyaka itatu igihe yapfaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deborah Ejemeka |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Davido's son Ifeanyi drowns in Lagos swimming pool |url=https://gazettengr.com/just-in-davidos-son-ifeanyi-drowns-in-lagos-swimming-pool/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031221951/https://gazettengr.com/just-in-davidos-son-ifeanyi-drowns-in-lagos-swimming-pool/ |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=Peoples Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Polisi yakoze iperereza ku bakozi bo mu rugo rwa Davido. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vassell |first=Nicole |date=November 2022 |title=Ifeanyi Adeleke Death: Davido's three year old son drowns, household staff questioned by the police |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/davido-son-dead-ifeanyi-adeleke-cause-arrests-b2214985.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101202522/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/davido-son-dead-ifeanyi-adeleke-cause-arrests-b2214985.html |archive-date=November 1, 2022 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=Independent.co.uk}}</ref> Abakozi umunani bo mu rugo batumiwe kuri sitasiyo ya polisi kugira ngo babazwe nyuma yuko umwe yari amaze kumenyesha polisi impanuka yo kurohama. Nyuma y’iperereza ry’abapolisi, abakozi batandatu bararekuwe abandi babiri bakomeza gufungwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2022 |title=Davido son death: Police say they invite eight domestic workers over Davido son death |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c51589j8wl5o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102015224/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c51589j8wl5o |archive-date=November 2, 2022 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=BBC.com}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2023, Davido yemeje ko yashakanye n'umugore we bamaranye igihe kirekire, Chioma Rowland. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Davido Confirms He & Chioma are Officially Married! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/03/davido-is-married/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |publisher=Bellanaija}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Kamena 2024, yakoresheje ibirori by'ubukwe ahitwa Harbour Point mu kirwa cya Victoria, i Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangethi |first=Isaac |date=2023-12-12 |title=Who is Davido's wife? Get to know more about Chioma Rowland |url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1567822-who-davidos-wife-chioma-rowland/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Ibirori byitabiriwe nabantu benshi bakomeye, barimo [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] na Babajide Sanwo-Olu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Segun |date=2024-06-25 |title=Obasanjo and other Nigerian politicians spotted at Davido's wedding |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/nigerian-politicians-spotted-a-davidos-wedding/80k9d6h |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Davido yanditswe na Deangelictouchstylist, Lucky Enemuo, na Ugo Monye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=IDe Angelic Touch Stylist Styles Davido's Glamorous Wedding |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/de-angelic-touch-stylist-styles-davidos-glamorous-wedding/ |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=The Sun |publisher=Editorial}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2023, Davido yagizwe Umuyobozi ushinzwe Iteka rya Nijeri (OON <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alabi |first=Tope |date=28 May 2023 |title=Davido, Kunle Afolayan, Osimhen to be conferred with national honours |url=https://punchng.com/davido-kunle-afolayan-osimhen-to-be-conferred-with-national-honours/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130121851/https://punchng.com/davido-kunle-afolayan-osimhen-to-be-conferred-with-national-honours/ |archive-date=30 November 2024 |access-date=13 August 2025 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ibihangamo ==   ; imizingo y'inzu zitunganya ibihangano * ''Omo Baba Olowo'' (2012) * ''Igihe cyiza'' (2019) * ''Igihe Cyiza'' (2020) * ''Igihe ntarengwa'' (2023) * ''5ive'' (2025) == Ingendo == * Urugendo rwa Davido UK (hamwe na The Compozers ) (2019) * Ibihe byiza byo kuzenguruka [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika ya ruguru]] (2019–2020) * Urugendo rwa WRBLO (2022) * Urugendo rwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Igihe (2023) * 5 Urugendo ruzima (2025) == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwibihembo nibyo amaze guhamagarwa mo nkuhatana nka Davido * Urutonde rwabahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Nijeriya * Urutonde rwabaturage ba Yoruba * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze ==   * Official website * Davido at AllMusic {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box|title=[[The Headies award for Next Rated|Next Rated Award]]|before=[[Wizkid (musician)|Wizkid]] ([[The Headies 2011|2011]])|after=[[Sean Tizzle]] ([[The Headies 2013|2013]])|years=[[The Headies 2012|2012]]}} {{S-end}}{{Davido|state=collapsed}}{{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Davido|Awards for Davido]]|list={{The Headies Award for Next Rated}} {{BET Award for Best International Act}} {{BET Award for Best International Act: Africa}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best Worldwide Act}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video}} {{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song}}}} {{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ay79fduo6n77xrww4y4mcqw6ov8eji4 0 21325 149347 147194 2026-11-07T20:52:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Saba Lykke Oehlenschlæger''' (; wavutse ku ya 11 Kanama 1997), uzwi cyane nka '''Saba''' (yandikwa mu nyuguti nkuru), ni umuririmbyi w’Umunyetiyopiya-Umunyadanishi, akaba anakina amafilime ya muzika ndetse anakora umwuga wo kumurika imideli. Mu mwaka wa 2024, yahagarariye Danemarke mu irushanwa rya Eurovision ahatanishijwe indirimbo ye '''“Umusenyi”''', maze agera mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’iryo rushanwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-17 |title=Saba from Denmark: "I love being the underdog" |url=https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/saba-from-denmark-i-love-being-the-underdog |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515060147/https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/saba-from-denmark-i-love-being-the-underdog |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Eurovisionworld |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == '''Anna Saba''' (amazina y’amavuko ni Saba Lykke Oehlenschlæger) n’uwasanganywe inda imwe '''Andrea''' (wavutse yitwa Sara) bavukiye i Addis Ababa ku ya '''11 Kanama 1997'''.<ref name="instagram2">{{cite Instagram|last=Oehlenschlæger|first=Saba|user=saba0o|postid=Cv0XwvIs_ex|title=26|date=11 August 2023|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Egelund |first1=Lars |date=5 December 2023 |title=Stjernestunder med Andrea: Den eventyrlige fortælling om diamanten, der fløj fra Etiopien via Ringkøbing til stjernerne |url=https://dbrs.dk/ringkoebing/stjernestunder-med-andrea-den-eventyrlige-fortaelling-om-diamanten-der-floej-fra-etiopien-via-ringkoebing-til-stjernerne |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515070740/https://dbrs.dk/ringkoebing/stjernestunder-med-andrea-den-eventyrlige-fortaelling-om-diamanten-der-floej-fra-etiopien-via-ringkoebing-til-stjernerne |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=Dagbladet Ringkøbing-Skjern |language=da}}</ref> Baje gutoranywa bakajyanwa mu miryango ibarera bafite amezi umunani, maze bakurira i Ringkøbing muri Danemarke kuva ku ya '''10 Mata 1998'''.<ref name="lineup2">{{cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Denmark 2024: The 'Melodi Grand Prix' lineup is revealed |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125094742/https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Eurovision.tv |publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]]}}</ref><ref name="world2">{{cite web |last=Petersen |first=Rasmus |date=2024-02-17 |title=Denmark: Saba wins Melodi Grand Prix 2024 |url=https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218000422/https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Eurovisionworld.com}}</ref><ref name="dr2">{{cite web |last=Bjerge |first=Rikke |date=2020-07-05 |title=Tvillingerne Anna og Andrea er adopterede: 'Det føles, som om vi ikke er blevet født' |url=https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002618/https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite Instagram|last=Oehlenschlæger|first=Saba|user=saba0o|postid=C5lj3LEoVn_|title=I dag er det 26 år siden, vi kom til Danmark. Det kan være svært at beskrive over for folk som ikke gennemlever det samme og svært at tale om for mange som gør. Hvis du er transnationalt adopteret: Jeg ser dig og jeg er stolt af dig! We got this|language=da|date=2024-04-10|access-date=2024-04-10}}</ref> Akiri umwana, Oehlenschlæger yakiniye ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya DBU Jutland.<ref name="bt2">{{cite web |last=Johansson |first=Susanne |date=2023-01-22 |title=Kendt fra DR-serie var indlagt på den lukkede: Nu overtager hun bærende rolle fra sin kendte søster |url=https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218005659/https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |work=[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]] |language=da}}</ref> == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Saba_02.jpg|alt=Singer Saba performing in Madrid|left|thumb|Saba aririmbira i [[Madrid]] mugihe cya PrePartyES 2024]] Nyuma yo kuva mu mashuri yisumbuye, Oehlenschlæger na mushiki we bimukiye i Copenhagen, batangira kuba umunyamideli na rwiyemezamirimo mu bicuruzwa byera amenyo, mu gihe mushiki we yakoraga umwuga wo kuririmba no gucuranga. <ref name="dr">{{Cite web |last=Bjerge |first=Rikke |date=2020-07-05 |title=Tvillingerne Anna og Andrea er adopterede: 'Det føles, som om vi ikke er blevet født' |url=https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002618/https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] |language=da}}</ref> '']'' <ref name="bt">{{Cite web |last=Johansson |first=Susanne |date=2023-01-22 |title=Kendt fra DR-serie var indlagt på den lukkede: Nu overtager hun bærende rolle fra sin kendte søster |url=https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218005659/https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]] |language=da}}</ref>{{Lang|da|[[Østre Gasværk Teater]]|italic=no}}, agitangira bwa mbere nkumukinnyi wa stade udasanzwe. <ref name="lineup">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Denmark 2024: The 'Melodi Grand Prix' lineup is revealed |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125094742/https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Eurovision.tv |publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]]}}</ref> <ref name="world">{{Cite web |last=Petersen |first=Rasmus |date=2024-02-17 |title=Denmark: Saba wins Melodi Grand Prix 2024 |url=https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218000422/https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Eurovisionworld.com}}</ref> <ref name="bt" /> Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2024, Saba yatangajwe nk'umwe mu bitabiriye {{Lang|da|[[Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2024]]}}, umukino wanyuma wigihugu cya Danemark kumarushanwa yindirimbo za Eurovision 2024, hamwe nindirimbo "Umusenyi". Yakomeje gutsinda umukino wa nyuma ku <ref name="lineup">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Denmark 2024: The 'Melodi Grand Prix' lineup is revealed |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125094742/https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Eurovision.tv |publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup "Denmark 2024: The 'Melodi Grand Prix' lineup is revealed"]. ''Eurovision.tv''. [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]]. 25 January 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240125094742/https://eurovision.tv/story/denmark-2024-melodi-grand-prix-lineup Archived] from the original on 25 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Gashyantare 2024, abona uburenganzira bwo guhagararira Danemark mu marushanwa ari imbere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=From Copenhagen to Malmö: Saba will represent Denmark at Eurovision in May |url=https://eurovision.tv/story/copenhagen-malmo-saba-will-represent-denmark-eurovision-may |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217212434/https://eurovision.tv/story/copenhagen-malmo-saba-will-represent-denmark-eurovision-may |archive-date=17 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Eurovision.tv |publisher=EBU}}</ref> Ku ya 29 Werurwe 2024, abinjira benshi barimo Saba, basohoye itangazo rihuriweho risaba "guhagarika imirwano bidatinze kandi birambye" muri Gaza, ndetse no "gutahuka mu buryo butekanye ingwate zose". <ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2024 |title=Eurovision: Olly Alexander and other competitors reject calls to boycott over Israel participation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/mar/29/eurovision-olly-alexander-and-other-competitors-reject-calls-to-boycott-over-israel-participation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515002837/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/mar/29/eurovision-olly-alexander-and-other-competitors-reject-calls-to-boycott-over-israel-participation |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Saba yananiwe kwitabira imikino ya kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza ku ya 9 Gicurasi 2024, ashyira uwa 12 kuri 16 n'amanota 36. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=William Lee |date=May 9, 2024 |title=Eurovision 2024: Semi-Final 2 Results and Qualifiers |url=https://wiwibloggs.com/2024/05/09/live-discussion-semi-final-2-of-eurovision-2024/281585/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709153339/https://wiwibloggs.com/2024/05/09/live-discussion-semi-final-2-of-eurovision-2024/281585/ |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=May 9, 2024 |website=wiwibloggs |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sturtridge |first=Isaac |title=REVEALED: The Eurovision 2024 semi-final and final jury/televote detailed voting results |url=https://escxtra.com/2024/05/12/revealed-the-eurovision-2024-semi-final-and-final-jury-televote-detailed-voting-results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515044029/https://escxtra.com/2024/05/12/revealed-the-eurovision-2024-semi-final-and-final-jury-televote-detailed-voting-results/ |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-14 |work=ESCXTRA |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Muri 2018, Oehlenschlæger bamusanganye indwara ya bipolar I maze ajyanwa mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi kugeza muri 2020, nk'uko yabisobanuye muri filime ya DR DR {{Lang|da|Min sindssyge tvilling}} 2020 (transl. 'Impanga yanjye yasaze'). <ref name="world">{{Cite web |last=Petersen |first=Rasmus |date=2024-02-17 |title=Denmark: Saba wins Melodi Grand Prix 2024 |url=https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218000422/https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Eurovisionworld.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPetersen2024">Petersen, Rasmus (17 February 2024). [https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 "Denmark: Saba wins Melodi Grand Prix 2024"]. ''Eurovisionworld.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218000422/https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/denmark-saba-wins-melodi-grand-prix-2024 Archived] from the original on 18 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="dr">{{Cite web |last=Bjerge |first=Rikke |date=2020-07-05 |title=Tvillingerne Anna og Andrea er adopterede: 'Det føles, som om vi ikke er blevet født' |url=https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002618/https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] |language=da}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBjerge2020">Bjerge, Rikke (5 July 2020). [https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt "Tvillingerne Anna og Andrea er adopterede: 'Det føles, som om vi ikke er blevet født'"] (in Danish). [[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002618/https://www.dr.dk/mitliv/tvillingerne-anna-og-andrea-er-adopterede-det-foeles-som-om-vi-ikke-er-blevet-foedt Archived] from the original on 18 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]]</ref> <ref name="bt">{{Cite web |last=Johansson |first=Susanne |date=2023-01-22 |title=Kendt fra DR-serie var indlagt på den lukkede: Nu overtager hun bærende rolle fra sin kendte søster |url=https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218005659/https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra |archive-date=18 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]] |language=da}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJohansson2023">Johansson, Susanne (22 January 2023). [https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra "Kendt fra DR-serie var indlagt på den lukkede: Nu overtager hun bærende rolle fra sin kendte søster"]. ''[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]'' (in Danish). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218005659/https://www.bt.dk/navne/kendt-fra-dr-serie-var-indlagt-paa-den-lukkede-nu-overtager-hun-baerende-rolle-fra Archived] from the original on 18 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]]</ref> Yitoje kandi kwigirira nabi mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu. <ref name="bt" /> Ni ambasaderi w’ishyirahamwe ry’ihungabana rya Danemark. <ref name="world" /> Oehlenschlæger yari afitanye umubano na Lærke-Maria Schmidt kuva muri 2020 kugeza muri 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gammelgaard |first=Josefine |date=28 July 2020 |title=Anna og Lærke mødte hinanden på psykiatrisk afdeling og blev kærester |url=https://www.femina.dk/liv/kaerlighed-og-sex/anna-og-laerke-moedte-hinanden-paa-psykiatrisk-afdeling-og-blev-kaerester |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219203136/https://www.femina.dk/liv/kaerlighed-og-sex/anna-og-laerke-moedte-hinanden-paa-psykiatrisk-afdeling-og-blev-kaerester |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=[[Femina (Denmark)|Femina]] |language=da}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fandt hinanden i gruppe for bipolare - nu er de kærester |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/video/dXJuOnR2MjpjbXM6YnJpZ2h0Y292ZTp2aWRlbzo2MzA5MDQ1MDIyMTEy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219203138/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/video/dXJuOnR2MjpjbXM6YnJpZ2h0Y292ZTp2aWRlbzo2MzA5MDQ1MDIyMTEy |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=[[TV 2 Echo]] |publisher=[[TV 2 (Denmark)|TV 2]] |language=da-DK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2024 |title=SE BILLEDET: Saba fejret af kæresten |url=https://www.herognu.dk/kendte/se-billedet-saba-fejret-af-kaeresten/1106159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307233503/https://www.herognu.dk/kendte/se-billedet-saba-fejret-af-kaeresten/1106159 |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Indirimbo ze bwite === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="80px" |Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umwaka ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album cyangwa EP |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | DEN<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=TRACK TOP-40: Uge 08-2024 |trans-title=TRACK TOP-40: Week 08-2024 |url=https://www.hitlisten.nu/default.asp?list=t40 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709154146/https://www.hitlisten.nu/default.asp?list=t40 |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=hitlisten.nu |publisher=[[Hitlisten]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" | LTU<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2024 |title=2024 20-os savaitės klausomiausi (Top 100) |url=https://www.agata.lt/lt/naujienos/s20-3/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517144154/https://www.agata.lt/lt/naujienos/s20-3/ |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=17 May 2024 |publisher=[[AGATA (organization)|AGATA]] |language=lt}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | " Umusenyi " | 2024 | 36 | 77| {{non-album single}} |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] jgv7cmmcqsrrw1lkjeaii9kck31imso 0 21342 149361 146294 2026-11-07T21:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149361 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Temilade Openiyi''' (wavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1995), uzwi nka '''Tems''', ni umuhanzi wo muri [[Nijeriya]] uririmba, yandika indirimbo kandi akabikora no mu buryo bwo gutunganya umuziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The sweet, arresting harmonies of Nigeria's Tems |url=https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615040211/https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Tems – Grammy Award">{{Cite web |title=Tems – Grammy Award |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/Tems/38505 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.grammy.com/artists/Tems/38505 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[Grammy Award]]}}</ref> Yatangiye kumenyekana cyane ubwo yafatanyaga na Wizkid ku ndirimbo “Essence” yo mu 2020, yak later igera ku mwanya wa 9 kuri Billboard Hot 100 nyuma yo gusubirwamo na na Justin Bieber. Iyo ndirimbo yamuhesheje igihembo cya Grammy. <ref name="Akinyode">{{Cite web |last=Akinyode |first=Peace |date=30 August 2023 |title=I was okay with people not liking my music - Tems |url=https://punchng.com/i-was-okay-with-people-not-liking-my-music-tems/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010121616/https://punchng.com/i-was-okay-with-people-not-liking-my-music-tems/ |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Tems – Grammy Award" /> Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo “Fountains” ya Drake, umuraperi wo muri [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems Biography, Songs, Age, Education, and Net Worth |url=https://vk.com/@-175923414-rss-1031911289-2044132150 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=VK |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2020, Tems yasohoye umuzgino we wa mbere wagutse (EP), ''Kumatwi yamenetse'' . Yasinyanye na RCA Records kugirango arekure umuzingo we wa kabiri, ''Niba Orange yari Ikibanza'' (2021). Mu 2022, amajwi ya Tems yo mu ndirimbo ye " Hejuru " yatoranijwe na Future ku ndirimbo ye yise " Ndagutegereje ", bituma amenyekana nk'umuhanzi w'umushyitsi hamwe na Drake . Iyi ndirimbo yatangiriye kuri ''Billboard'' Hot 100, bituma aba umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika akaba numuhanzi wa kabiri wo muri Nigeriya ufite indirimbo abikora ku mbonerahamwe. <ref name="Akinyode"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Tems Is The First African Artist To Debut At No. 1 On The Hot 100 |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tems-first-african-artist-no-1-hot-100-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509203653/https://uproxx.com/music/tems-first-african-artist-no-1-hot-100-chart/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=[[Uproxx]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Indirimbo yamuhesheje igihembo cya Grammy igihembo cyiza cya Melodic Rap . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=Grammys 2023: Winners List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/05/arts/music/grammys-2023-winners-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205212804/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/05/arts/music/grammys-2023-winners-list.html |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Tems yerekanaga " Nta Mugore, Nta gutaka " ya Bob Marley kuri Album ya ''Black Panther: Album ya Wakanda Forever'' yamajwi muri Nyakanga 2022 <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Nigeria's Tems joins Marvelverse with "No woman No Cry" rendition - Businessday NG |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/nigerias-tems-joins-marvelverse-with-no-woman-no-cry-rendition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725163900/https://businessday.ng/amp/life-arts/article/nigerias-tems-joins-marvelverse-with-no-woman-no-cry-rendition/ |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=businessday.ng}}</ref> kandi muri uko kwezi, indirimbo ye " Free Mind " (yari iri kumuzingo we wambere) yatangiriye kuri ''Billboard'' Hot 100, igera ku mwanya wa 46 kandi yandika amateka y’abagore ku ndirimbo ndende ya mbere yerekana urutonde rwa R &amp;amp; B / Hip-Hop . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Nigerians celebrate Tems' Grammy rap award |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64538716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115201443/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64538716 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>​​ Yanafatanyije kandi nabandi kwandika no gutunganya amajwi yinyuma mundirimbo ''Nzamura hejuru'' ya Rihanna byatumye itoranywa muri [[:en:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song|Academy Award for Best Original Song]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corrine |first=Amber |date=24 January 2023 |title=Rihanna Earns 2023 Oscar Nomination For 'Black Panther' Song 'Lift Me Up' |url=https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124151934/https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=VIBE.com}}</ref> [[:en:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song|Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=12 December 2022 |title=Tems, Rihanna, Brad Pitt, Angela Bassett & Viola Davis nominated for 2023 Globe Globe Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212160640/https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=www.bellanaija.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ndetse na [[:en:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media|Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corrine |first=Amber |date=24 January 2023 |title=Rihanna Earns 2023 Oscar Nomination For 'Black Panther' Song 'Lift Me Up' |url=https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124151934/https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=VIBE.com}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=12 December 2022 |title=Tems, Rihanna, Brad Pitt, Angela Bassett & Viola Davis nominated for 2023 Globe Globe Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212160640/https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=www.bellanaija.com |language=en-US}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Grammy Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110180725/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=10 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Tems music, videos, stats, and photos |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Tems |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203073227/https://www.last.fm/music/Tems |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2024, Tems yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Yavukiye mu gasozi'' kugirango ashimwe. Iyi alubumu yageze kuri 30 ba mbere mu Buholandi, mu Busuwisi no mu Bwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. Yatangiye kuvuka kwe muri Born in the Wild Tour, kuzenguruka isi. ] <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Thania |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tems Unveils 2024 World Tour and Debut Album Release Date: 'My Most Special Moment' |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/tems-born-in-the-wild-world-tour-album-1235998918/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510191315/https://variety.com/2024/music/news/tems-born-in-the-wild-world-tour-album-1235998918/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>​​''​''​​​ Tems yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere wo muri Nigeriya ufite ibihembo byinshi bya Grammy. <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Watch Tems Win Best African Music Performance For Love Me Jeje {{!}} 2025 GRAMMYs Acceptance Speech {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/videos/tems-wins-best-african-music-performance-2025-grammys |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> Mu mibereho ye yose, Tems yahawe ibihembo byinshi, harimo ibihembo bibiri bya Grammy, ibihembo bya <nowiki><i id="mwog">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award, ibihembo bine bya NAACP Image Awards, BET Awards bine <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Quayyim |first=Adedimeji |date=22 February 2023 |title=Tems, Wizkid clinch wins at the NAACP Image Awards |url=https://culturecustodian.com/tems-wizkid-clinch-wins-at-the-naacp-image-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703181623/https://culturecustodian.com/tems-wizkid-clinch-wins-at-the-naacp-image-awards/ |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> na Soul Train Music Awards eshatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Trilby |last2=Coates |first2=Tyler |date=27 February 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards: 'The Harder They Fall' Takes Best Film, Jennifer Hudson Named Entertainer of the Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228000643/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Respers France |first=Lisa |date=29 November 2021 |title=Soul Train Awards 2021: The winners list |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: BET Soul Train Awards 2022 Winners (Full List) |url=https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123949/https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |archive-date=27 November 2022 |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=Techscoops |publisher=Tolulope Olulana}}</ref> <ref name=":13" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=12 March 2024 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312023120/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Tems yavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1995, i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Izina rye rya mbere Temilade risobanura "ikamba ni ryanjye" muri Yoruba; akomoka mu bwoko bwa Yoruba . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2024 |title=Tems Was Made For This Moment |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/tems-born-in-the-wild-album-interview-2024 |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=W Magazine |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems: 5 Things To Know About Afrobeats' Latest Superstar |url=https://www.bet.com/article/7xnoch/tems-5-things-to-know-about-afrobeats-newest-superstar |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608172140/https://www.bet.com/article/7xnoch/tems-5-things-to-know-about-afrobeats-newest-superstar |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunji |first=Mercy |date=18 February 2021 |title=Full biography of Nigerian singer Tems and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025190501/https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuryango we wimukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] akiri uruhinja, nyuma asubira muri Nijeriya nyuma yo gutandukana kw'ababyeyi be, afite imyaka itanu. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Interview: Tems Is On a Mission to Take Over |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/tems-try-me-nigerian-music-interview/ |access-date=25 December 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]] |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515180239/https://www.okayafrica.com/tems-try-me-nigerian-music-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Olatunji |first=Mercy |date=28 February 2021 |title=Full biography of Nigerian singer Tems and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025190501/https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Tems yabaga Ilupeju mbere yo kwimukira i Lekki nyuma Ajah . Yize muri kaminuza ya Dowen <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The sweet, arresting harmonies of Nigeria's Tems |url=https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615040211/https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> yisumbuye na Monash Afurika y'Epfo kubera amashuri makuru, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu by'ubukungu. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Tems interview: Nigerian music's biggest new star |url=https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527060933/https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=The Face |language=en-gb}}</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yakundaga gutotezwa kubera ijwi rye. Afite imyaka 11, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri maze bidatinze atangira kuririmba muri falsetto ariko abonwa numwarimu wumuziki wamutoje akamwigisha gucuranga piyano. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garel |first=Connor |date=2024-06-07 |title=No One Sounds Like Tems |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=The Cut |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Tems interview: Nigerian music's biggest new star |url=https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527060933/https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=The Face |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tems yakundaga kwitoza kuririmbana na murumuna we, wakundaga kumuherekeza kuri gitari. <ref name="reb">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2018 |title=Native Exclusive: How Tems Triumphs after "Mr Rebel" |url=https://thenativemag.com/profile/native-exclusivetems/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814195510/https://thenativemag.com/profile/native-exclusivetems/ |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=[[The Native]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems {{!}} Music Artist, Actress, Composer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12478182/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316004355/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12478182/ |archive-date=16 March 2023 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umwuga == === 2018–2021: Intangiriro yumwuga nimizingo yagutse === Muri 2018, Tems yaretse akazi mu kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo akore umwuga wa muzika. Yatangiye kwiga ubuhanga bwo kwikorera kuri YouTube <ref name=":0"/> maze ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2018, asohora indirimbo ye ya mbere yise "Mr Rebel", indirimbo yayikoze wenyine. <ref name="reb"/> Ku ya 7 Kanama 2019, yasohoye indirimbo "Gerageza". <ref name=":12"/> Muri 2020, DJ Edu yamuhisemo kuba umwe mu "bahanzi icumi bareba" muri uwo mwaka. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Rema |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-artists-to-watch-2020-dj-edu-bbc-radio/?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230552/https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-artists-to-watch-2020-dj-edu-bbc-radio/?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> Mata 2020, Tems yagaragaye ari kumwe n’umuririmbyi mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya [[Davido]] kuri verisiyo yakozwe n’umuhanzi w’indirimbo w’umunyamerika witwa Khalid hamwe n’indirimbo ya elegitoroniki y’[[icyongereza]] ya Disclosure yise “ Menya agaciro kawe ”. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2020 |title=Khalid Recruits Davido and Tems on New Single 'Know Your Worth (Remix)' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-khalid-davido-tems-new-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504110427/https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-khalid-davido-tems-new-music/ |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garel |first=Connor |date=15 January 2024 |title=No One Sounds Like Tems |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118215526/https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=The Cut |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Nzeri 2020, Tems yasohoye umuzingo we wa mbere wagutse, ''Ku matwi yamenetse'' . Yakozwe cyane cyane na we kandi indirimbo " Indishyi " yariri kumuzingo yabaye iyindi yakurikiranwe kuri "Gerageza", igera ku mwanya wa mbere ku mbonerahamwe ya muzika ya Apple yo muri Nijeriya na nimero ya gatandatu ku mbonerahamwe ya TurnTable Top 50 yashyizwe ahagaragara kandi imaze kubona miliyoni eshanu kuri YouTube. Ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2020, Tems yagaragaye ku ndirimbo mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], " Essence ", muri alubumu ya kane ya sitidiyo, ''Made i Lagos'' . Indirimbo yamuhesheje umwanya wa mbere kuri BBC 1Xtra Airplay Chart. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC 1Xtra Airplay Chart |url=http://ukairplaychart.com/1239/BBC_1Xtra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120125450/http://ukairplaychart.com/1239/BBC_1Xtra/ |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |website=ukairplaychart.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Essence of Wizkid and Tems |url=https://mp3chord.com/entertainment/the-essence-of-wizkid-and-tems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410064132/https://mp3chord.com/entertainment/the-essence-of-wizkid-and-tems/ |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=Mp3chord.com}}</ref> kandi umwuga we wa mbere kuri Billboard <nowiki><i id="mwATY">Hot</i></nowiki> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Spivey |first=Kemberlie |date=19 January 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards Nominations: The Full List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2022/01/18/2022-naacp-image-awards-nominations-the-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119025807/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2022/01/18/2022-naacp-image-awards-nominations-the-full-list/ |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> . <ref name=":8">{{Cite news |title=Wizkid, Burnaboy, oda Nigerian artists wey dey 2022 Grammy nomination |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-59394925 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201031144/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-59394925 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=23 November 2021 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 2020, Tems yashyizwe muri Future Awards Africa : Icyiciro cya 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa: Class of 2020 |url=https://awards.yafri.ca/the-future-awards-africa-class-of-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024171531/https://awards.yafri.ca/the-future-awards-africa-class-of-2020/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=The Future Awards Africa}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Kanama 2021, hasohotse verisiyo yakozwe na "Essence", ikubiyemo ikindi kintu cy’umuririmbyi w’umunyakanada Justin Bieber, yasohotse, bituma iyi ndirimbo igera ku mwanya wa cyenda kuri <nowiki><i id="mwAVM">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 . Ku ya 3 Nzeri 2021, Tems yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuraperi n’umuririmbyi wa Drake, " Isoko ", kuva kuri alubumu ya gatandatu ya sitidiyo ya nyuma, ''yitwa Certificate Lover Boy'', yatangiriye ku ''mwanya'' wa 26 kuri Hot <ref>{{Cite web |last=Espinoza |first=Joshua |date=2 September 2021 |title=Drake Reveals 'Certified Lover Boy' Album Features on Billboards |url=https://www.complex.com/music/drake-teases-certified-lover-boy-album-features-on-billboards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902030241/https://www.complex.com/music/drake-teases-certified-lover-boy-album-features-on-billboards/ |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2021 |title=Tems to feature on Drake's CLB album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tems-to-feature-on-drakes-clb-album/5zq68ry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902203510/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tems-to-feature-on-drakes-clb-album/5zq68ry |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=16 September 2021 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Singer, Tems: Biography, Age, Parents, Boyfriend, Net Worth and Source of Wealth |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/06/27/singer-tems-biography-age-parents-boyfriend-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004155343/https://newswirengr.com/2022/06/27/singer-tems-biography-age-parents-boyfriend-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Yakozwe mbere na mbere na GuiltyBeatz, kandi indirimbo "Crazy Tings" yasohotse hasigaye iminsi itanu ngo igere ku mwanya wa gatatu ku mbonerahamwe ya Afrobeats y’Ubwongereza . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems shares new EP If Orange Was A Place |url=https://www.thefader.com/2021/09/16/tems-new-ep-if-orange-was-a-place |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005163309/https://www.thefader.com/2021/09/16/tems-new-ep-if-orange-was-a-place |archive-date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> '']'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Tems' 'Found' with Brent Faiyaz Hits New Peak on the UK Afrobeats Chart |url=https://notjustok.com/news/tems-found-with-brent-faiyaz-hits-new-peak-on-the-uk-afrobeats-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005163308/https://notjustok.com/news/tems-found-with-brent-faiyaz-hits-new-peak-on-the-uk-afrobeats-chart/ |archive-date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2021 |title=Tems Claims Number One Spot on Billboard Next Big Sound Chart |url=https://www.arise.tv/tems-claims-number-one-spot-on-billboard-next-big-sound-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002072953/https://www.arise.tv/tems-claims-number-one-spot-on-billboard-next-big-sound-chart/ |archive-date=2 October 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref>''​''​ === 2022–2023: Iterambere === Ku ya 31 Werurwe 2022, Umuziki wa Apple 1 watangije ikiganiro cya Vibe Radio Yerekana hamwe na Tems. Ku ya 2 Mata, igice cyayo cya mbere kirimo isura ya Muyiwa Awoniyi, na Tunji Balogun . Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courage |first=Onyema |date=2 May 2022 |title=Def Jam CEO Tunji Balogun joins Leading Vibe Radio with Tems |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/def-jam-ceo-tunji-balogun-joins-leading-vibe-radio-with-tems/2zsms12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192454/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/def-jam-ceo-tunji-balogun-joins-leading-vibe-radio-with-tems/2zsms12 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Mata 2022, Tems yagaragaye hamwe na Drake ku ndirimbo y’umuraperi w’umunyamerika Future, " Ndagutegereje ", kuva kuri alubumu ya cyenda ya studio, ''Sinigeze Nkunda'' . Indirimbo yatangiriye kuri Hot 100, bituma Tems umuhanzi wambere wumugore wumugore wumukobwa wambere wambere kurutonde nibindi byinshi byambere kuri chart. Indirimbo yerekana indirimbo " Hejuru " yo ''Kumatwi yamenetse'' . Muri Nyakanga 2022, Tems yerekanaga " Nta mugore, nta kurira " ya Bob Marley ya filime ya Marvel yitwa ''Black Panther: Wakanda Forever'' amajwi yakunzwe na Rihanna . <ref name=":10"/> Ku ya 26 Nyakanga, Tems yungutse inshuro ya kane Ashyushye 100 n'indirimbo ye " ''Free Mind'' " yakuye ''kuri Broken Ears'' yagaragaye ku mbonerahamwe igera ku mwanya wa 44 na nimero ya 1 ku mbonerahamwe y'indirimbo Afrobeats yo muri Amerika . Byamuhesheje icyemezo cya mbere cya platine na silver wenyine wenyine muri Amerika no mubwongereza. '']'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyoncé Announces Release Date for New 16-Song Project 'Renaissance' |url=https://www.complex.com/music/beyonce-renaissance-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616064927/https://www.complex.com/music/beyonce-renaissance-release-date |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> ​ ​​''​'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Thania |date=26 October 2022 |title=Rihanna Returns to Music With 'Black Panther: Wakanda Forever' Original Song |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/rihanna-song-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235412876/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027212239/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/rihanna-song-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235412876/ |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2023, Tems yasohoye indirimbo " Me &amp;amp; U ". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Soencer |first=Tallie |date=5 October 2023 |title=Tems Shares New Hypnotic Single "Me & U" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/721295-tems-shares-new-single-me-u |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007074426/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/721295-tems-shares-new-single-me-u |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=www.hotnewhiphop.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems returns with the brand new single, "Me & U" |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/tems-returns-with-the-brand-new-single-me-u |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit |language=en-US}}</ref> yerekana indirimbo yambere Tems yasohoye ari wenyine kuva yasohora Iyaba Orange hari ahantu, usibye igifuniko cye cya Bob Marley yise " Nta Mugore, Nta kurira " yasohotse mu <nowiki><i id="mwAiU">2022</i></nowiki> . <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Tems songs and albums {{!}} full Official Chart history |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/58660/tems/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> "Me & U" yahawe igihembo cyindirimbo mpuzamahanga Yindashyikirwa muri 55 ya NAACP Image Awards <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=2024-03-12 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312125726/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> nigihembo cyiza cya Dr. Bobby Jones Igihembo cyiza cya Gospel / Inspirational Award . Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2023, Tems yatangaje ko indirimbo ye ya kabiri y'umwaka " Ntabwo ari Umumarayika " izasohoka ku ya 8 Ukuboza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Tems Not An Angel Single Release Date Confirmed |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tems-not-an-angel-single-release-date/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206115620/https://uproxx.com/music/tems-not-an-angel-single-release-date/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=Uproxx}}</ref> === 2024 - ubungubu: ''Kuvukira mu gasozi'' === [[Dosiye:Tems_in_2025.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Tems ikorera mu majyepfo na Southwest London muri 2025]] Muri Werurwe 2024, Tems abaye umuririmbyi wa mbere wo muri Afurika wahawe igihembo cya <nowiki><i id="mwAj8">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award aho yahawe mu cyiciro cya Breakthrough. Alubumu yambere ya studio ya Tems ''yavukiye mu gasozi'' yasohotse ku ya 7 Nyakanga Kamena kandi izashyigikirwa n’uruzinduko ku isi. Indirimbo " Nkunda MeJJe " kuri alubumu yaramenyekanye kandi ireba mbere ya Tems ya mbere ya Coachella yashyizwe ahagaragara isohoka ku ya 25 Mata. ] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Shahzaib |date=26 April 2024 |title=Tems Shares Blithe Summer Soundtrack 'Love Me Jeje' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/tems-shares-blithe-summer-soundtrack-love-me-jeje/ |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews}}</ref>​​ <ref>{{Cite news |last=NPR |date=June 6, 2024 |title=Tems Tiny Desk Concert 2024 |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/03/g-s1-1871/tems-tiny-desk-concert |work=NPR}}</ref> Mu 2025, Tems abaye umunyarwandakazi wa mbere wagize uruhare mu ikipe yumupira wamaguru wa Shampiyona nkuru yinjira mu itsinda rya San Diego FC . Yatunguwe no gusohora umuzingo ''Urukundo rwe ni Ubwami'' ku ya 21 Ugushyingo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Breihan |first=Tom |date=2025-11-21 |title=Tems Drops Surprise New EP 'Love Is A Kingdom': Stream |url=https://stereogum.com/2480421/tems-drops-surprise-new-ep-love-is-a-kingdom/music/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Nyina wa Tems yamwemereye gusa kumva umuziki wa gikristo akiri umwana. Mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu, yashishikajwe na R&amp;amp;B na hip hop, atangira kumva abahanzi nka Burna Boy, Lauryn Hill, Adele, Rihanna, Coldplay, Paramore, na Asa . <ref name=":4"/> Yateze amatwi kandi Destiny's Child, Beyoncé, Lil Wayne, na Aaliyah, kandi yigeze kuvuga indirimbo ya Alicia Keys yo mu 2004, " Niba ntakubonye " mu gitaramo cya Live. Tems yiswe Aaliyah, " Koga Nziza " ya Frank Ocean, na " I Gotta Find Peace of Mind " ya Lauryn Hill nk'ibitekerezo byubaka muri icyo gihe, avuga ko indirimbo ya Hill ari "cyane, mu mwuka cyane". Yagaragaje uburyo umuziki w'abo bahanzi wamufashije kumva uburyo indirimbo zishobora guhuza amarangamutima, gutanga isano yo mu mwuka, no kuba inzira yo kwigaragaza neza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-11 |title=For Nigeria's Tems, Music Is a Gift |url=https://djbooth.net/features/2021-02-11-tems-interview-audiomack/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=DJBooth |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi ==   '''Album za studio''' * ''Yavukiye mu gasozi'' (2024) '''Imizingo yagutse''' * ''Amatwi yamenetse'' (2020) * ''Niba Orange yari Ikibanza'' (2021) * ''Urukundo Nubwami'' (2025) == Ingendo == '''Umutwe''' * Yavukiye mu ruzinduko == Ibihembo naho yatoranyijwe == Tems yahawe ibihembo byinshi, harimo ibihembo bibiri bya Grammy, <nowiki><i id="mwAu8">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award, ibihembo bine bya NAACP, ibihembo bine BET <ref name=":13"/> na Soul Train Music Awards eshatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Trilby |last2=Coates |first2=Tyler |date=27 February 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards: 'The Harder They Fall' Takes Best Film, Jennifer Hudson Named Entertainer of the Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228000643/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Respers France |first=Lisa |date=29 November 2021 |title=Soul Train Awards 2021: The winners list |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: BET Soul Train Awards 2022 Winners (Full List) |url=https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123949/https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |archive-date=27 November 2022 |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=Techscoops |publisher=Tolulope Olulana}}</ref> <ref name=":13" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=12 March 2024 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312023120/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mvgz7j1b0f7kpqdr4zbtzfj9mm0n7sr 0 21345 149224 139043 2026-11-07T19:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 6 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149224 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox Musical Artist | background = Burna Boy is a Nigerian Afro-fusion singer, songwriter, and performer known for his global influence on modern African music | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|07|02}} | birth_place = Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria | name = Burna Boy | occupation = Singer .songwriterrecord producer | genre = Afrobeats reggae dancehall pop | label = Atlantic . Spaceship | instrument = Vocalskeyboards | birth_name = Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu }} '''Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu''' (wavutse ku ya 2 Nyakanga 1991), uzwi ku izina rya '''Burna Boy''', ni umuraperi wo muri [[Nijeriya]], umwanditsi w'indirimbo, ndetse na producer. Yamenyekanye cyane muri 2012 nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara "Like to Party", indirimbo ya mbere ku muzingo we wambere we yakoreye muri studio ''[[:en:L.I.F.E|L.I.F.E]]'' (2013). Muri 2017, Burna Boy yasinyanye amasezerano na [[:en:Atlantic_Records|Atlantic Records]] hamwe n’isosiyete nkuru ya [[:en:Warner_Music_Group|Warner Music Group]] . Album ye ya gatatu ya studio ''[[:en:Outside_(Burna_Boy_album)|Outside]]'', yaje kumenyekana cyane muri label ya mbere, yasohotse muri 2018 Mu 2019, Burna Boy yatsindiye '''Best International Act''' mu bihembo bya BET Award, kandi atoranywa nka '''[[:en:Apple_Music_Up_Next|Apple Music Up Next artist]]'''. Muri uwo mwaka nyine, yasohoye '''alubumu ye ya kane'''ya studio, ''African Giant'', yatsindiye Album yumwaka muri 2019 All Music Music Awards 2019 kandi yatorewe kuba Album yumuziki mwiza ku isi muri 62 ya Grammy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2019 |title=2Baba Burna Boy and Others Win at AFRIMA 2019 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/24/2baba-burna-boy-others-win-at-afrima-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127205921/https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/24/2baba-burna-boy-others-win-at-afrima-2019/ |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=ChannelsTV |language=en}}</ref> ] <ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damolo |date=20 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy, Angelique Kidjo, Trevor Noah & More Earn 2020 Grammy Nominations |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-trevor-noah-more-earn-2020-african-artists-grammy-nominations-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121141704/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-trevor-noah-more-earn-2020-african-artists-grammy-nominations-full-list/ |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=20 November 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref>''​''​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/ |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2021 |title=Grammys 2021: Burna Boy win at music awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56393983 |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri 2021 BET Awards kunshuro ya gatatu. Album ya gatandatu ya studio ya Burna Boy ''Love, Damini'', yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2022, ibaye alubumu ya mbere yo Muri Nigeriya ku mbonerahamwe <nowiki><i id="mwTA">ya Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 . Yabaye kandi alubumu nyafurika yagaragaye cyane mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], [[Ubuholandi]], n'Ubwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=5 Records Burna Boy Set with His Album 'Love Damini' Worldwide |url=https://notjustok.com/article/records-burna-boy-set-with-love-damini-worldwide/}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2022, Burna Boy yahawe igihembo cy’umunyamuryango wa Order of the Federal Republic kubera ibyo yagezeho muri muzika. <ref name="Alake">{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Olumide |date=2022-10-12 |title=More wins: Burna Boy's dad receives MFR award on son's behalf, 2Baba bags MON |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1497262-burna-boys-dad-receives-mfr-award-buhari-sons-behalf-2baba-bags-mon-award-video-trends-fans-react/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[Legit.ng]] |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' yamushyize ku mwanya wa 197 ku rutonde rw’abaririmbyi 200 bakomeye mu bihe byose. Burna Boy yatsindiye International Act mpuzamahanga muri 2023 BET Awards . Indirimbo ye " <ref>{{Cite web |title=BET Awards 2023: Burna Boy Wins Best International Act |url=https://www.bet.com/article/erlxre/bet-awards-burna-boy-2023-wins-best-international-act |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629003857/https://www.bet.com/article/erlxre/bet-awards-burna-boy-2023-wins-best-international-act |url-status=dead}}</ref> " yatsindiye Afrobeats Ingaragu yumwaka nindirimbo yumwaka kuri Headies 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Headies 2023: Burna Boy, Rema, Asake, win big in US [Full winners list] |url=https://dailytrust.com/headies-2023-burna-boy-rema-asake-win-big-in-us-full-winners-list/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> Burna Boy yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika ufite alubumu ebyiri zinjije miliyari irenga 1 kuri Spotify. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy makes Spotify history with record-breaking albums {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-is-first-nigerian-with-2-albums-with-1-billion-spotify-streams/fxgb7h1 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwambere nuburere === Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu yavutse ku ya 2 Nyakanga 1991, avukira i Port Harcourt, muri Leta ya Rivers, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="vogue2018">{{Cite news |last=Hahn |first=Rachel |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nigerian Singer Burna Boy on His Patchwork Approach to Style |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/burna-boy-global-100-style-profile-outside |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218225217/https://www.vogue.com/article/burna-boy-global-100-style-profile-outside |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref> Nyina, Bose Ogulu, yakoraga nk'umusemuzi w'ururimi, naho se Samuel Ogulu, yayoboraga isosiyete yo gusudira. Sekuru ubyara Benson Idonije yigeze kuyobora Fela Kuti . <ref name="SSense">{{Cite web |last=Ducreay |first=Safra |date=4 April 2018 |title=Burna Boy, Afrofusion Superhero |url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/music/burna-boy-afrofusion-superhero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506033627/https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/music/burna-boy-afrofusion-superhero |archive-date=6 May 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=SSense}}</ref> <ref name="wsj2019">{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Neil |date=4 November 2019 |title=A Nigerian Pop Star Finds Success in the U.S., On His Own Terms |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-nigerian-pop-star-finds-success-in-the-u-s-on-his-own-terms-11572884659 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104191935/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-nigerian-pop-star-finds-success-in-the-u-s-on-his-own-terms-11572884659 |archive-date=4 November 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Nyuma, nyina amubera umuyobozi. <ref name="GQ">{{Cite news |last=Ogunnaike |first=Lola |date=4 March 2020 |title=Burna Boy Is Trying to Wake Up Africa |url=https://www.gq.com/story/burna-boy-african-king-profile |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=GQ |language=en}}</ref> Ogulu yakuriye mu majyepfo ya Nijeriya maze atangira gukora wenyine akoresheje Studio ya FL . <ref name="SSense" /> <ref name="atlantic2019">{{Cite news |last=Giorgis |first=Hannah |date=26 July 2019 |title=The 'African Giant' Challenging Musical Boundaries |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/07/burna-boy-african-giant-bombastic-nigerian-pop/594610/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904094849/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/07/burna-boy-african-giant-bombastic-nigerian-pop/594610/ |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Yize amashuri yisumbuye ya Corona i Agbara, muri Leta ya Ogun, mbere yo kwimukira i Londere mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], kugira ngo akomeze amasomo ye. <ref name="SSense" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy Drops New Single "Yawa Dey" |url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/corona-secondary-school/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |publisher=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria : Information by country or region : ... : Study with us : University of Sussex |url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/international-students/information-by-country/nigeria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520131821/https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/international-students/information-by-country/nigeria |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=sussex.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>​ <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy {{!}} Universal Music publishing Group |url=https://www.umusicpub.com/uk/Artists/B/Burna-Boy.aspx |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=Universal Music publishing Group UK}}</ref>​ Yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika nyuma yo gusubira i <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/burna-boy-mn0003297650/biography |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref> === 2012–2015: L.I.F.E ''(Kureka Ingaruka Ziteka)'' na ''SPACESHIP'' === [[Dosiye:Afrobeats_star_Burna_Boy_performing_with_at_Nativeland_Concert,_Lagos,_Nigeria_2016.jpg|thumb|Burna Boy aririmbira mu gitaramo cya Nativeland i Lagos, 2016]] Album ya mbere ya studio ya Burna Boy, ''L.I.F.E'', yasohotse ku ya 12 Kanama 2013, ibera nk'ikurikirana rya mixtape ye ya kabiri ''Burn Identity'' (2011). Iyi alubumu yagurishije kopi 40.000 kumunsi yasohotse. Aristokrat Records yaje kugurisha uburenganzira bwayo bwo kwamamaza muri Uba Pacific kuri ₦ 10&nbsp;miliyoni. <ref name="allAfrica.com">{{Cite web |last=Abulude |first=Samuel |date=6 September 2013 |title=Nigeria: Burna Boy Sells Debut Album Rights for N10 Million |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309060110.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201953/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309060110.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=allAfrica.com |publisher=allAfrica via Leadership Nigeria}}</ref> Gusohora alubumu yabanjirijwe 'five : "Like to Party", "Tonight", "Always Love You", "Run my Race", na "Yawa Dey". ''L,I.F.E'' yakozwe na Leriq rwose kandi bugaragaramo abashyitsi kuva [[:en:2Baba|2face Idibia]], MI Abaga, Timaya, Olamide, Reminisce, na [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], nibindi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwar |first=Sute |date=23 August 2013 |title=Burna Boy's Album Debut 'L.I.F.E' |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/burna-boy-life-debut-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131613/http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/burna-boy-life-debut-album/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=Okayafrica.com |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> ''Nigeriya Imyidagaduro Uyu munsi'' yashyize alubumu ku mwanya wa 10 ku rutonde rwa Album ya 12 nziza ya 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge |first=Osagie |date=29 December 2013 |title=12 best albums of 2013 – The definitive list from Nigerian Entertainment Today |url=http://thenet.ng/2013/12/12-best-albums-of-2013-the-definitive-list-from-nigerian-entertainment-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510082520/http://thenet.ng/2013/12/12-best-albums-of-2013-the-definitive-list-from-nigerian-entertainment-today/ |archive-date=10 May 2016 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=thenet.ng |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Umuziki wa alubumu watewe inkunga na Fela Kuti, King Sunny Ade, na Bob Marley . Yakiriye neza muri rusange abanegura umuziki, bashimye umusaruro wayo. Yatowe muri Album nziza yumwaka muri 2014 Nigeriya Imyidagaduro . Muri Kanama 2013, ''L.I.F.E y''ageze ku mwanya wa karindwi ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ''ya Billboard'' Reggae . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2018 |title=Burna Boy tops billboard reggae album chart with 'Outside' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/burna-boy-tops-billboard-reggae-album-chart-outside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331163914/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/burna-boy-tops-billboard-reggae-album-chart-outside/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> Muri 2014, Burna Boy yatandukanye na Aristokrat Records; <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Burnaboy leaves Aristokrat Records |url=https://www.thecable.ng/burnaboy-leaves-aristokrat-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232130/https://www.thecable.ng/burnaboy-leaves-aristokrat-records |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arogundade |first=Funsho |date=27 February 2015 |title=Burna Boy Floats SpaceShip Entertainment |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/02/27/burna-boy-floats-spaceship-entertainment/ |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=P.M News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2015 |title=Burna Boy Releases 'On a Spaceship' Album |url=http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/22965/burna-boy-releases-on-a-spaceship-album/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182439/http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/22965/burna-boy-releases-on-a-spaceship-album/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |publisher=SilverbirdTV |language=en-US}}</ref> yashinze label yandika ''yitwa'' Spaceship Entertainment '','' muri Gashyantare 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listen To Burna Boy's New EP Redemption |url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/09/23/burna-boy-redemption-ep |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182337/https://www.thefader.com/2016/09/23/burna-boy-redemption-ep |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2016 |title=Burna Boy drops 7-track EP 'Redemption' |url=http://thenet.ng/burna-boy-drops-7-track-ep-redemption/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232222/http://thenet.ng/burna-boy-drops-7-track-ep-redemption/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-GB}}</ref> === 2018–2019: ''Hanze'' na ''Nini Nyafurika'' === Ku ya 19 Mutarama 2018, Burna Boy yagaragaye mu itsinda ry’abanyamerika ryitwa Fall Out Boy ryitwa "Sunshine Riptide", umurongo wa alubumu yabo ya karindwi ''yitwa Mania'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orubo |first=Daniel |date=19 January 2018 |title=Listen To Burna Boy Kill It On Fall Out Boy's 'Sunshine Riptide' |url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/listen-to-burna-boy-kill-it-on-fall-out-boys-sunshine-riptide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182340/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/listen-to-burna-boy-kill-it-on-fall-out-boys-sunshine-riptide/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Konbini Nigeria |language=en-NG}}</ref> Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatatu ya studio, ''Outside'', nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe, ku ya 26 Mutarama 2018. Uyu muhanzikazi yavuze ko ari imvange, ''Outside'' igizwe ahanini na afrobeats, Dancehall, reggae, na rap rap . Irimo abashyitsi bagaragaye mu baririmbyi b'Abongereza J Hus, Lily Allen, na Mabel . ''Outside y''ashyigikiwe n'indirimbo esheshatu: "Rock Your Body", "Streets Africa", "Koni Baje", "Sekkle Down", "Heaven's Gate" na " Ye ". Umusaruro wayo wakozwe na Leriq, Baba Stiltz, Jae 5, Juls, Chopstix, Steel Banglez, Fred Gibson, Phantom, na FTSE. Iyi alubumu yakiriwe neza kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde na Pulse Nigeria na ''Nigeriya Imyidagaduro Uyu munsi'' nka alubumu nziza yo muri Nijeriya yo muri 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=12 December 2018 |title=Pulse List 2018: Top 10 Nigerian albums |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-list-2018-top-10-nigerian-albums/tzhymhd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117122306/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-list-2018-top-10-nigerian-albums/tzhymhd |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=17 January 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atayero |first=Adeoluwa |date=7 December 2018 |title=Ranking The 10 Best Albums Of 2018 |url=http://thenet.ng/ranking-10-best-albums-2018-net-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212172736/http://thenet.ng/ranking-10-best-albums-2018-net-list/ |archive-date=12 December 2018 |access-date=17 January 2019 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Yatsindiye Album y'umwaka muri 2018 Imyidagaduro ya Nigeria . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=19 November 2019 |title=Davido, Tiwa Savage and Burna Boy win at 2018 Nigerian Entertainment Awards [See full list |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-tiwa-savage-and-burna-boy-win-at-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards-see-full/77zs365 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233255/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-tiwa-savage-and-burna-boy-win-at-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards-see-full/77zs365 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> 2018, ''Hanze'' yerekanwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ''ya Billboard'' Reggae. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Praise |first=Billy |date=7 February 2018 |title=Burna Boy's "Outside" Album Debuts On Billboard's Reggae Chart |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-outside-album-debuts-on-billboards-reggae-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331031345/https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-outside-album-debuts-on-billboards-reggae-chart/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Guardian Life}}</ref> Indirimbo imwe yo muri alubumu, "Ye", yarangije ku rutonde rw’ibitabo byinshi byo muri Nijeriya umwaka urangiye nk'indirimbo nini ya 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2018 |title=Pulse List 2018: Here is the hottest Nigerian song of the year |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boys-ye-is-the-hottest-nigerian-song-of-2018/yq2vd9l |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232340/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boys-ye-is-the-hottest-nigerian-song-of-2018/yq2vd9l |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=pulse.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Isama |first=Antoinette |date=11 January 2019 |title=The Best Nigerian Songs of 2018 |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-songs-best-2018-year-listen-stream/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114002140/https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-songs-best-2018-year-listen-stream/ |archive-date=14 January 2019 |website=Okay Africa}}</ref> Ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2018, Burna Boy yaririmbye mbere y’imbaga yagurishijwe muri O2 Academy Brixton ya London. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damola |date=8 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Took Over London's O2 Academy With a Massive, Sold-Out Show |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-concert-show-o2-academy-brixton-london-sold-out-ye-performance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065947/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-concert-show-o2-academy-brixton-london-sold-out-ye-performance/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Umunsi umwe mbere yiki gitaramo, yakoze ibirori byamamaye kuri Red by Little Farm hanyuma agurisha udusanduku duto tw’ibinyampeke bye bya Space Puffs, hamwe n'amakaye yabigenewe, amatara, hamwe n'amashati ashushanyije. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Murtala |date=7 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy unveils 'Space Puffs' cereal at London pop-up event |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/burna-boy-space-puff-london/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228071241/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/burna-boy-space-puff-london/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=The Cable Lifestyle}}</ref> Ukwakira 2018, yatangajwe nk'umwe mu bahanzi bashya ba Afro Hub ba Spotify . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukiwe |first=Urenna |date=9 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Has Been Listed As One Of Spotify's New Afro Hub Takeover Artist |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boy-has-been-listed-as-one-of-spotifys-new-afro-hub-takeover-artist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228070109/https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boy-has-been-listed-as-one-of-spotifys-new-afro-hub-takeover-artist/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=Guardian Life}}</ref> Iri tangazo ryamuhuriranye no kwitwa Umuhanzi wa YouTube kuri Rise mu gihe cy'amezi atatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukiwe |first=Urenna |date=23 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Lights Up Times Square As YouTube's Artist Of The Month |url=https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-lights-up-times-square-as-youtubes-artist-of-the-month/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232233/https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-lights-up-times-square-as-youtubes-artist-of-the-month/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Mutarama 2019, Burna Boy yatangajwe hamwe na Bwana Eazi nk'umwe mu bahanzi bitabira iserukiramuco rya muzika n'ubuhanzi rya Coachella Valley 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=adekunle |date=3 January 2019 |title=Burna Boy, Mr Eazi to make Coachella debut |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/burna-boy-mr-eazi-to-make-coachella-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210355/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/burna-boy-mr-eazi-to-make-coachella-debut/ |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=3 January 2019 |website=Vanguard News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Yatsindiye ibihembo bine mu iserukiramuco rya MVP rya Soundcity MVP, harimo Umuhanzi nyafurika w’umwaka, Guhitamo abumva, na MVP nziza y'abagabo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=adekunle |date=6 January 2019 |title=Soundcity MVP: Burna Boy wins African Artist of the Year |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/soundcity-mvp-burna-boy-wins-african-artist-of-the-year/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113174217/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/soundcity-mvp-burna-boy-wins-african-artiste-of-the-year/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Vanguard News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ya 21 Werurwe 2019, Burna Boy yasohoye EP-4 ikorana na EP hamwe na DJDS ikorera mu mujyi wa Los Angeles, yitwa ''Steel &amp;amp; Copper'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Minsker |first=Evan |date=21 March 2019 |title=DJDS and Burna Boy Release New Steel & Copper EP: Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/djds-and-burna-boy-release-new-steel-and-copper-ep-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331131747/https://pitchfork.com/news/djds-and-burna-boy-release-new-steel-and-copper-ep-listen/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=5 April 2019 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> EP ihuza injyana ya Burna Boy hamwe na DJDS umutego ucuramye. <ref name="Native 1">{{Cite web |last=Abimbolu |first=Debola |date=22 March 2019 |title=Essentials: Burna Boy and DJDS's 'Steel and Copper' |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/burna-boy-teams-los-angeles-production-duo-djds-new-ep-steel-cooper/ |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=Native}}</ref> '']'' <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1" />​​​​ <ref name="Native 1" /> <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1">{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=25 March 2019 |title=Burna Boy's ''Steel and Copper'' with DJDS is his most experimental project yet |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-djds-steel-and-copper-review/60ymg0w |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707025958/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-djds-steel-and-copper-review/60ymg0w |archive-date=7 July 2019 |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Kamena 2019, Burna Boy yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri BET Awards 2019 . Muri <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=24 June 2019 |title=Burna Boy wins Best International Act at 2019 BET awards |url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/burna-boy-wins-best-international-act-2019-bet-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624141540/https://oak.tv/newstrack/burna-boy-wins-best-international-act-2019-bet-awards/ |archive-date=24 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019 |agency=Oak Tv}}</ref>, yatangajwe nk'umuhanzi wa Apple Music Up Next . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Burna Boy na Apple Music Up Next Artist |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-48933981 |access-date=2023-06-27 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> muri gahunda yaherekejwe n'ikiganiro Beats 1 yagiranye na Julie Adenuga na documentaire ngufi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tambini |first=Kam |date=9 July 2019 |title=Burna Boy Is Apple Music's New 'Up Next' Artist |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-apple-music-up-next/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710153004/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-apple-music-up-next/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Yanditse "Ja Ara E" ( Yoruba : "ubwenge bwenge" cyangwa "koresha umutwe wawe") kuri Beyoncé ' ''Ntare Umwami: Impano'' kandi niwe muhanzi wabatumirwa wenyine ufite inzira zabo kuri alubumu y'amajwi. <ref name="Chicago Sun-Times">{{Cite web |last=Gary Gerard Hamilton |date=22 August 2019 |title=Afrobeat pioneer Burna Boy, to play House of Blues, making a name for himself in the U.S. |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/8/22/20823183/burna-boy-beyonce-lion-king-afro-fusion-african-giant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913181734/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/8/22/20823183/burna-boy-beyonce-lion-king-afro-fusion-african-giant |archive-date=13 September 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Isama |first=Antoinette |date=30 November 2019 |title=The Crossover: How Burna Boy's Grammy Nod Proves The Power of Consistency |url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/11/burna-boy-grammy-nomination-opinion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130204248/https://www.vibe.com/2019/11/burna-boy-grammy-nomination-opinion |archive-date=30 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Vibe}}</ref> Album ya kane ya sitidiyo ya Burna Boy, ''African Giant'', yasohotse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2019. Yashyigikiwe n’indirimbo esheshatu: "Gbona", "Kuri Hasi", Killin Dem "," Dangote " Umuntu uwo ari we wese "na" Kurura ". Yatangiye gufata alubumu mu mwaka wa 2018, abwira ''Billboard'' ko ari umushinga we bwite mu gihe cyo kumva <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 13">{{Cite web |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=17 April 2019 |title=Pulse Exclusive: Burna Boy set to drop new album 'African Giant' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-exclusive-burna-boy-set-to-drop-new-album-african-giant/9jzh15r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526134727/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-exclusive-burna-boy-set-to-drop-new-album-african-giant/9jzh15r |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Los Angeles. basanganywe ku mbuga ''nkoranyambaga'' . Mu ntangiriro yatangarijwe nka alubumu 16-yerekana <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 13" /> Mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha alubumu, Burna Boy yayoboye uruzinduko rw’Africa igaruka, igice cya kabiri cy’uruzinduko rwe muri Afurika, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2019 |title=Burna Boy Announces 'The African Giant Returns Tour' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-tour-african-giant-returns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720200529/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-tour-african-giant-returns/ |archive-date=20 July 2019 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref name="OkayAfrica 21">{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damola |date=15 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy Samples Fela's 'Shakara' on New Track, 'My Money, My Baby' From 'Queen & Slim' Soundtrack |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-burna-boys-new-song-my-money-my-baby-from-the-queen-slim-soundtrack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122131305/https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-burna-boys-new-song-my-money-my-baby-from-the-queen-slim-soundtrack/ |archive-date=22 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> yanditse "Amafaranga yanjye, ''Umwamikazi &amp;amp; Slim'' ' " Indirimbo ''ya'' 1972 " <ref name="OkayAfrica 21" /> ​​ <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy first afrobeat star to sell out at Wembley Arena – P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/11/04/burna-boy-first-afrobeat-star-to-sell-out-at-wembley-arena/ |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2020–2022: ''Inshuro ebyiri z'uburebure'' n'urukundo '', Damini'' === Muri Mata 2020, Burna Boy yaririmbye ''Isi imwe: Hamwe murugo'' bidasanzwe. Ku ya 19 Kamena 2020, yagaragaye kuri remix yindirimbo ya virusi ya Master KG yo muri Afrika yepfo " Jerusalema ". <ref name="News24">{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Karabo |date=29 June 2020 |title=Master KG's Jerusalem gets 30 million views on YouTube! |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/master-kgs-jerusalem-gets-30-million-views-on-youtube-20200629 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoresheje umukono wa afrobeat yumukono ku ndirimbo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samanga |first=Rufaro |date=19 June 2020 |title=Listen to Master KG and Nomcebo's 'Jerusalema' Remix Featuring Burna Boy |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-master-kg-and-nomcebos-jerusalema-remix-featuring-burna-boy/148026 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> ndetse anaririmba igice mururimi rwa isiZulu . <ref name="News24" /> Ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2020, Burna Boy yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuhanzi w’umwongereza Sam Smith, " My Oasis ", indirimbo ya mbere muri alubumu yabo ya gatatu ya studio, ''Urukundo Rugenda'' . Album ye <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Burna Boy Featured In Sam Smith's New Single 'My Oasis' |url=https://hiphopza.com/burna-boy-featured-in-sam-smiths-new-single-my-oasis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114231550/https://hiphopza.com/burna-boy-featured-in-sam-smiths-new-single-my-oasis/ |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> ya studio, ''Twice as Tall'', yasohotse ku ya 14 Kanama 2020. Yakozwe na Diddy na nyina, Bose Ogulu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pareles |first=Jon |date=5 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy Has the Whole World Listening |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/arts/music/burna-boy-twice-as-tall.html |access-date=18 August 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moorwood |first=Victoria |date=11 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy shares tracklist for Diddy-executive produced 'Twice As Tall' |url=https://www.revolt.tv/news/2020/8/11/21363227/burna-boy-twice-as-tall-tracklist |access-date=18 August 2020 |publisher=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 2020, ''Inshuro ebyiri nka Tall'' yatowe muri Album nziza ku Isi ku nshuro ya 63 ya Grammy Awards . Ni umwaka wa kabiri wikurikiranya Burna Boy yabonye nomination muri iki cyiciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/burna-boy/251682 |access-date=24 November 2020 |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126150235/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/burna-boy/251682 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yatsindiye igihembo cya Edison mu cyiciro cya Album ku Isi cya ''Afurika Igihangange'', kandi yatsindiye Itegeko mpuzamahanga ryiza muri MOBO Awards ku ya 9 Ukuboza, ahagarika amarushanwa ya Drake, Megan Thee Stallion, Lil Baby na Roddy Ricch . Mu birori <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=MOOBOs 2020: Full winners list, highlights performance from awards |url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/12/09/mobos-2020-full-winners-list-highlights-performance-from-awards-13728485/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Metro |location=UK}}</ref> ngarukamwaka bya Grammy Awards byabaye ku ya 15 Werurwe 2021, yatsindiye igihembo cya Grammy kuri Album nziza ya muzika ku isi. Indirimbo "Destiny" ya Burna Boy yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abakinnyi mu muhango wo gutangiza Joe Biden . Yatsindiye Itegeko mpuzamahanga ryiza muri <ref>{{Cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=20 January 2021 |title=Nigeria: Burna Boy's Song Makes Joe Biden, Kamala Harris' Inauguration Playlist |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202101200027.html |access-date=21 January 2021 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Awards, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wegukanye iki gihembo inshuro eshatu zikurikiranye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-11 |title=BET Awards 2021 Rewind: We Salute The International Artists Of The Year |url=https://www.bet.com/article/k268il/bet-awards-2021-celebrating-international-acts |access-date=2023-09-21 |work=BET |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005072020/https://www.bet.com/article/k268il/bet-awards-2021-celebrating-international-acts |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku ya 19 Werurwe 2021, Burna Boy yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuririmbyi w’umunyakanada Justin Bieber "Ukundwa nawe", umurongo wa alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Ubutabera'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Music News |title=Listen to Burna Boy's Feature On Justin Bieber's 'Loved By You' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-burna-boys-feature-on-justin-biebers-loved-by-you/121497 |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=Okay Africa |language=en-NG}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Nzeri 2021, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Jon Bellion yise "Ndabyumva", ikaba yaranze ubufatanye bwa mbere bw’umuziki hagati yabo bombi, ariko aba nyuma bandika "Gukundwa nawe" na Justin Bieber. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamidele |first=Michael |date=18 September 2021 |title=Stream: Jon Bellion Features Burna Boy on New Song "I Feel It" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/stream-jon-bellion-features-burna-boy-on-new-song-i-feel-it/ |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref> Ku ya 4 Kamena 2022, Burna Boy yaririmbye kuri sitade y'imikino ya Belgravia i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]], aho bivugwa ko yanze amafaranga yo kwambara igitambaro cya ZANU-PF mu rwego rwo kwemeza ubuyobozi bwa Mnangagwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy refused Zanu PF offers of money to wear scarf |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/burna-boy-refused-zanu-pf-offers-of-money-to-wear-scarf/}}</ref> Muri 2022, yahawe igihembo cyitwa "Best Solo Act on the World" na NME . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=BandLab NME Awards 2022: Winners |url=https://www.nme.com/awards/winners |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=NME}}</ref> Burna Boy yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Urukundo, Damini'', ku ya 8 Nyakanga 2022. Isohoka ryayo ryabanjirijwe n’indirimbo "Kilometero" na " Iheruka ". <ref name="thenewsguru.com">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy debunks rumours about his mother being one of Fela's dancers |url=https://thenewsguru.com/entertainment/burna-boy-debunks-rumours-about-his-mother-being-one-of-felas-dancers/ |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=The News Guru}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoze igitaramo cye cya mbere muri [[Jamayika|Jamayike]] ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2022, kuri Stade y'igihugu ya Jamaica. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=Diwani |date=2022-11-17 |title='African Giant' Burna Boy to perform in Jamaica |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latest-news/african-giant-burna-boy-to-perform-in-jamaica/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Jamaica Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2023–2024: ''Nababwiye…'' === Muri Mata 2023, Burna Boy yasohoye indirimbo yise " Mera Na " irimo Sidhu Moose Wala, aho yahaye icyubahiro Sidhu. "Mera Na" yashushanyije ku mbonerahamwe mpuzamahanga zitandukanye zirimo Billboard Global 200, [[Kanada]] Hot 100, na New Zealand Hot Singles. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2023-04-07 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's Posthumous Song 'Mera Na' with Burna Boy and Steel Banglez Sees His Legend Grow |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/sidhu-moose-wala-mera-na-song-burna-boy-steel-banglez-video/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en-US}}</ref>, yasohoye indirimbo " Sittin Hejuru Yisi ", yerekana cyane umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Brandy mu 1998 yakunzwe cyane yise " Top of the World ". <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2023 |title=Burna Boy - Sitting' On Top Of The World |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3QZxr89jANriqgMK02R9Bn?si=4wk048h2SHOZ_oOLw8SdrQ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Spotify}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussey |first=Allison |date=1 June 2023 |title=Burna Boy Shares New Song "Sittin' on Top of the World": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/burna-boy-shares-new-song-sittin-on-top-of-the-world/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Raphael |date=1 June 2023 |title=Hear Burna Boy's celebratory new song "Sittin On Top Of The World" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2023/06/01/burna-boy-new-song-sittin-on-top-of-the-world |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Fader}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Kamena 2023, Burna Boy abaye umuhanzi wa mbere ukomoka muri Afurika witwaye neza muri UEFA Champion League Final Kick Off Show na Pepsi . Uyu muhanzikazi yerekeje kuri sitade Olempike ya Atatürk i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]], imbere y'abashyigikiye barenga 71.412 ndetse n'abantu barenga miliyoni 700. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2023 |title=Burna Boy to perform at the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final Kick Off Show by Pepsi |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027f-178bc57d92bf-9b08a65e0dc4-1000--burna-boy-to-perform-at-the-2023-uefa-champions-league-final/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317080237/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027f-178bc57d92bf-9b08a65e0dc4-1000--burna-boy-to-perform-at-the-2023-uefa-champions-league-final/ |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=UEFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=Anitta to co-headline 2023 UEFA Champions League Final Kick Off Show by Pepsi® with Burna Boy |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0281-181688501338-c885eed8b75e-1000--anitta-to-co-headline-2023-uefa-champions-league-final-kick-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524152518/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0281-181688501338-c885eed8b75e-1000--anitta-to-co-headline-2023-uefa-champions-league-final-kick-/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wanditse kandi agurisha ibitaramo kuri stade muri Amerika, yerekeza kuri Citi Field i New York . [[Rema|[]] ''Billboard'' nk'umuhanzi wa mbere wa Afrobeat w’umwaka wa 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Full List: Burna Boy, Rema win inaugural Billboard Afrobeats awards |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/full-list-burna-boy-rema-win-inaugural-billboard-afrobeats-awards// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Vanguard ngr}}</ref> yatowe mu bihembo bine bya Grammy, bituma aba umuhanzi watowe kurusha abandi muri Nigeriya mu mateka ya Grammy hamwe n’abakinnyi icumi batoranijwe mu mwuga ndetse n’umunyanijeriya wa mbere wagize kandidatire mu myaka itanu yikurikiranya, kuva muri 2019 kugeza mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=66th Grammys: Burna Boy, Olamide set new records |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/10/66th-grammys-burna-boy-olamide-set-new-records// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Daily Post Ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-01 |title=Burna Boy most streamed artist in Sub-Saharan Africa- Spotify Wrapped 2023 |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/01/burna-boy-most-streamed-artist-in-sub-saharan-africa-spotify-wrapped-2023// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Daily Post Ng}}</ref> yashimiraga abahanzi bo muri Afurika ku bahatanira Grammy, The Recording Academy yavuze ko Burna Boy ari umuhanzi ukomeye muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-12 |title=No bigger star in Afrobeats than Burna Boy Grammy organisers |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/no-bigger-star-in-afrobeats-than-burna-boy-grammy-organisers// |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Vanguard Ng}}</ref> ''Igihugu'' cyamwise umwidagaduro wumwaka kubera kugira umwaka utagereranywa kandi udasanzwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Burna Boy: Entertainer of the year |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/burna-boy-entertainer-of-the-year// |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Nation}}</ref> "Sittin 'on Top of the world" yakiriye igihembo cyiza cya Melodic Rap Cyiza Cyiza Cyiza cya 66 cya Grammy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoze indirimbo mu birori ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2024, ari kumwe na Brandy na 21 Savage . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Duran |first=Anagricel |date=5 February 2024 |title=Watch Burna Boy perform with Brandy and 21 Savage at Grammys 2024 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-burna-boy-perform-with-brandy-and-21-savage-at-grammys-2024-3582714 |access-date=6 February 2024 |website=NME}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2024 |title=Burna Boy to perform at 2024 Grammys, CBS announces |url=https://punchng.com/burna-boy-to-perform-at-2024-grammys-cbs-announces// |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Punch ng}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2024, indirimbo ye yamenyekanye cyane "Hejuru" yatowe nk'umuziki witwaye neza muri Afurika muri Grammy Awards ya 67 ngarukamwaka, izabera muri Gashyantare 2025 kuri Crypto.com Arena i Los Angeles. Yatorewe igihembo inshuro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Blogger |date=2024-11-08 |title=FULL LIST: The 2025 Grammy Awards Nominees Are Out Featuring Wizkid, Burna boy & Davido |url=https://hiphoptunez.com.ng/full-list-the-2025-grammy-awards-nominees-are-out-featuring-wizkid-burna-boy-davido/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=HipHopTunez |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109202302/https://hiphoptunez.com.ng/full-list-the-2025-grammy-awards-nominees-are-out-featuring-wizkid-burna-boy-davido/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> buzima bwe bwose. === 2025 - ubungubu: ''No Sign of Weakness'' === Ku ya 10 Nyakanga 2025, Burna Boy yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya munani ya studio ''Nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke'', irimo Travis Scott, Mick Jagger, [[Stromae]], na Shaboozey ku ndirimbo imwe. Binyuze kuri iyi alubumu, yatunganije injyana ye kuva kuba collab-uburemere kugeza ku buke. Iyi alubumu yakozwe na label ye Spaceship, hamwe na Atlantic Records na Bad Habit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akpoghene |first=Melony |date=2025-07-11 |title=With 'No Sign of Weakness,' Burna Boy Blazes A Tale Of Endurance, Ego & Grit |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/burna-boy-no-sign-of-weakness-review-takeaways |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Grammy Awards]]}}</ref> igaragaramo uburyo butandukanye bwa muzika butandukanye, harimo igihugu, '90s hiphop, inzu yikoranabuhanga, rock, na muzika ya elegitoroniki ya Nigeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerard Hamilton |first=Gary |date=2025-07-09 |title=Burna Boy's 'No Sign of Weakness' fulfills his rock star dreams |url=https://apnews.com/article/burna-boy-no-sign-weakness-afrobeats-interview-8f58f8c572c4abc24673e00a23b67089 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Maddy |date=2025-07-11 |title=Burna Boy – No Sign of Weakness |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/burna-boy-no-sign-of-weakness/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}}</ref> Burna Boy yatangaje ko ''nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke'' muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru azenguruka ibyumweru bike mbere yuko alubumu isohoka, uruzinduko rutangirira kuri Red Rocks Amphitheater muri Colorado mu Gushyingo. Ibitaramo byose byo muri Amerika ya ruguru bizagaragaramo icyiciro cya dogere 360, usibye Urutare rutukura, ruri kuri amphitheater isanzwe . Yakinnye kandi i Waldbühne i [[Berlin]] na SparkassenPark i Mönchengladbach, [[Ubudage|mu Budage]], no mu iserukiramuco rya Wireless mu Bwongereza mbere y'urugendo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Matthew |date=2025-06-18 |title=Burna Boy Announces No Sign of Weakness Tour |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/burna-boy-announces-no-sign-of-weakness-tour/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Burna Boy yakundanye n'umuraperi w’Ubwongereza Stefflon Don kuva 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2020 |title=Stefflon Don: 'I'm never scared to try things' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/dec/13/rapper-stefflon-don-interview-i-am-never-scared-to-try-things |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> kugeza <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Why I Broke Up With Burna Boy, Stefflon Don Shares Side Of Story |url=https://independent.ng/why-i-broke-up-with-burna-boy-stefflon-don-shares-side-of-story/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ukuboza 2024, ibihuha bivuga ku mubano wa Burna Boy n'umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika R&B, Chloe Bailey, byagaragaye nyuma yo kumarana na we mu birori byo kwizihiza ' [[Detty December (Nigerian film)|Detty Ukuboza]] '. Amashusho yabo yishimira ubuzima bwa Lagos nijoro byongereye ibitekerezo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chloe Bailey Finally Addresses Burna Boy Dating Rumors |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/chloe-bailey-finally-addresses-burna-boy-dating-rumors/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Essence}}</ref> Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2025, ''Premium Times Nijeriya'' yemeje ko bakundana nyuma yo kugaragara ku munsi wo gusangira n’abakundana n’abakundana i Lagos, bakishora mu ruhame. <ref>{{Cite web |title=It's Official! Burna Boy, Chloe Bailey Confirm Dating Rumors |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/772627-its-official-burna-boy-chloe-bailey-confirm-dating-rumours.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> Muri 2025, Burna Boy yagizwe umwe mubagabo bambaye neza ba GQ . == Ubuhanzi == Umuziki wa Burna Boy ni uruvange rwa Afrobeats, hip hop, reggae, na R&amp;amp;B . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenan Draughorne |date=16 August 2023 |title=Pan-Africanism, family and the Wu: The gospel of Burna Boy |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2023-08-16/burna-boy-afrobeats-wu-tang-clan-rza-i-told-them |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Umuziki we, avuga ko ari "Afro-fusion", ni ihuriro rya Afrobeat, dancehall, hip-hop, pop, R&B, na reggae. <ref name="Chicago Sun-Times"/> '']'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Njera Perkins |date=March 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Awards: 5 Tracks that Showcase Burna Boy's Unique Sound |url=https://www.bet.com/article/e34ysd/2024-naacp-image-awards-5-tracks-that-showcase-burna-boys-unique-sound |access-date=10 April 2024 |publisher=BET |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410012731/https://www.bet.com/article/e34ysd/2024-naacp-image-awards-5-tracks-that-showcase-burna-boys-unique-sound |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo Laketu |date=28 August 2023 |title=6 Takeaways From Burna Boy's New Album, 'I Told Them...' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-i-told-them-takeaways/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=August |date=30 August 2019 |title=Review: Burna Boy celebrates L.A.'s African diaspora at star-making Wiltern show |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-08-30/burna-boy-afrobeat-nigerian-wiltern-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127212623/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-08-30/burna-boy-afrobeat-nigerian-wiltern-review |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Umuhanzi Dancehall umuhanzi Kittitian Byron Messia yamusobanuye nkumuhanzi windirimbo zidasanzwe zidasanzwe utandika amagambo cyangwa guta igihe muri studio kugirango akore indirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Burna Boy incredibly talented, doesn't write songs--Byron Messia |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/03/burna-boy-incredibly-talented-doesnt-write-songs-byron-messia// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=Daily post}}</ref> Mu kiganiro na ''The Punch'', Burna Boy yavuze uburyo ahumekwa agira ati: "Ninjiye mu kazu maze ndyama injyana kandi umuziki uraza aho ndi. Mvugishije ukuri, sinshobora kubisobanura rwose - guhumeka n'ibitekerezo binyuzamo mu mwuka iyo ndi muri studio." <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2020 |title=I'm not a modern-day artiste – BurnaBoy |url=https://punchng.com/im-not-a-modern-day-artiste-burna-boy// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=The Punch}}</ref> Yamamaye cyane mu bafana ndetse no ku banegura kubera amagambo akubiye mu ndirimbo ze, zigaragara cyane mu gace ka Afrobeats, aho usanga indirimbo ziba zitezimbere kubyina bitwaye amafaranga. Yaganiriye kandi ku ngingo za politiki mu muziki we, nko ku murongo ''wa Afurika w'igihangange'' "Indi nkuru". <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy's 'Artivism' |url=https://republic.com.ng/december-22-january-23/burna-boy-discography// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=The Republic}}</ref> Umuhanzi wo muri Nijeriya, Omah Lay, yatangaje ko Burna Boy ari umwanditsi mwiza w'indirimbo yigeze abona kandi ko ari imbaraga mu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi bwo kwandika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title="I Don't See Anybody Else Aside Burna Boy": Omah Lay Names His Best Songwriter in Viral Video |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1491600-i-dont-burna-boy-omah-lay-names-songwriter-viral-video// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=Legit |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221073209/https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1491600-i-dont-burna-boy-omah-lay-names-songwriter-viral-video// |url-status=dead }}</ref> Azwiho kuba afite amajwi, ndetse n'ijwi rye rya baritone, aririmba avanze [[icyongereza]], Yoruba, na Nigeriya Pidgin . ''Rolling Stone'' yanditse Burna Boy mubaririmbyi 200 bakomeye mubihe byose. == Umurage == Intsinzi ya Burna Boy yatumye bamwe batekereza ko yahimbye umwirondoro wumuntu ukomeye muri Afrobeats. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2023 |title=Burna Boy to headline world's biggest Afrobeats festival, Afro Nation |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/burna-boy-to-headline-worlds-biggest-afrobeats-festival-afro-nation// |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Vanguard Ng}}</ref> Umuyobozi ushinzwe impano Kim Moore yatangarije ''CNN'' ko "Intsinzi ya Burna Boy ( Grammy ) izashishikariza abandi bahanzi bo muri Afurika gukora imishinga ishimisha abantu bose ku isi." <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2021 |title=Why Burna Boy's Grammy Award is a 'big win for Africa' and its music stars |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/15/africa/burna-boy-grammy-award-intl/index.html/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Umunyamakuru wa radiyo BBC, Darren Joseph, yamusobanuye ko ari "igishushanyo mu gisekuru". <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy: The story of a true music industry revolutionary |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/burna-boy-the-story-of-a-true-music-industry-revolutionary/082066/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Music Week}}</ref> {{Reflist}} ''Rolling Stone'' yamusobanuye ko ari igihangange mu muco wo muri Nijeriya, wabaye ambasaderi wa Afrobeats nk'umuryango ''w’isi'' yose, ushobora kumva umeze nk'iwabo mu kuzamuka ku rutonde rw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ndetse no gukomeza umubano w’amarangamutima n’ubwoko <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy: Twice as Tall review – fun and fury from Nigerian pop polymath |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/aug/14/burna-boy-twice-as-tall-review-nigeria-pop-polymath/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ''bwashize'' nk’ubuzima bwo ''hejuru'' imyaka yabo ya <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2021 |title=The 200 Most Important Artists of Pitchfork first 25 Years |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/most-important-artists// |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Pitchfork |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205221637/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/most-important-artists/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> BOF yamwise ''umwe'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burney |first=Lawrence |date=31 August 2023 |title=Burna Boy Sounds Creatively Exhausted |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/08/burna-boy-i-told-them.html |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref> bagize uruganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-27 |title='This Is For Burna Boy,' Angelique Kidjo Dedicates Grammy Award |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/01/27/this-is-for-burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-dedicates-grammy-award// |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Channels tv}}</ref> [[Wiz kid|ku]] [[Davido|isi]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2023 |title=Burna Boy and 4 other Nigerians shaping the global fashion industry - BOF |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/burna-boy-and-4-other-nigerians-shaping-the-global-fashion-industry/6q56qd3/ |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Pulse ng}}</ref> Aniefiok Ekpoudom wo muri ''The Guardian'' yagize ati "Burna Boy ari mu butumwa bwo kwibutsa Abanyafurika <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-11 |title=Burna Boy review – all hail the graceful king of Afrobeats |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/04/burna-boy-review-wembley-arena-london/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> hose ku mizi yabo ku mugabane, kandi Afrobeats ni igikoresho cye". == Impaka == Ku ya 8 Kamena 2022, abaherekeza bashinzwe umutekano witwa Burna Boy bivugwa ko barashe abantu babiri mu kabyiniro ka nijoro i Lagos. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umugore w'umwe mu bahohotewe, ibyabaye byatangiye nyuma yo kwanga ubutumire bwa Burna Boy bwo kwifatanya nawe mu gice cya VIP. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy's police escorts shoot married man after singer made pass at wife |url=https://punchng.com/burna-boys-police-escorts-shoot-married-man-after-singer-made-pass-at-wife/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy: Cubana Club shooting victim's partner narrates ordeal – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/538277-burna-boy-cubana-club-shooting-victims-partner-narrates-ordeal.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/538277-burna-boy-cubana-club-shooting-victims-partner-narrates-ordeal.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abashinzwe umutekano batanu bafitanye isano na Burna Boy batawe muri yombi bakurikiranyweho gushaka kwica. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy's Police Escorts Detained For Shooting Civilians |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-police-escorts-detained-for-shooting-civilians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622145243/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-police-escorts-detained-for-shooting-civilians/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyuma y’uwahohotewe yashinje uyu muhanzikazi n’umuryango we gushaka gucecekesha umuryango we amafaranga y’amafaranga . Kuva ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Club shooting: Victim's wife accuses Burna Boy's people of bribing family |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victims-wife-accuses-burna-boys-people-of-bribing-family-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621220538/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victims-wife-accuses-burna-boys-people-of-bribing-family-2/ |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kamena 2022, amashusho ya CCTV y’iraswa ntabwo yari yashyizwe ahagaragara n’iyi kipe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Club shooting: Victim demands CCTV footage after eyewitness said she approached Burna Boy for selfie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victim-demands-cctv-footage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621102331/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victim-demands-cctv-footage/ |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ku ya 1 Mutarama 2023, ubwo yagendaga i Lagos mu rukundo rwe, Damini, urugendo Burna Boy rwababajwe cyane n’uko yahakanye ibihuha byo kurasa nijoro ndetse n’ibihuha bivuga ko nyina yahoze ari umubyinnyi w’inyuma w’umupayiniya wa Afrobeat, Fela Kuti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Singer Burna Boy finally addresses Cubana club shooting, lays curses on haters (Video) |url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/burna-boy-addresses-cubana-club-shooting-lays-curses-on-his-haters |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Kemi Filani News}}</ref> <ref name="thenewsguru.com"/> === 2019 'Abanyafurika Bunze ubumwe' guhagarika igitaramo === Mu Gushyingo 2019, Burna Boy yatangajwe nk'umuyobozi mukuru w'igitaramo 'Africans Unite' muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], igikorwa kigamije guteza imbere ubumwe no gukemura ibibazo by'abanyamahanga . Icyakora, ibyo yabanje kwamagana ibitero bivugwa ko byakorewe abanyamahanga muri Afurika y'Epfo no kwerekana ko adashaka gusura iki gihugu byatumye abantu banengwa. Abahanzi bo muri Afurika yepfo n’abaturage basabye imbabazi, Burna Boy yanga gutanga. Bavuze iterabwoba ry’ihohoterwa n’umutekano, abateguye ibirori amaherezo bahagaritse igitaramo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Chironda |first=Melody |date=2019-11-20 |title=South Africa: Africa Unite Concert Cancelled After Outcry Over Burna Boy |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201911200645.html? |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Burna Boy kandi yagiye mu makimbirane rusange n'umuraperi wo muri Afurika y'Epfo AKA kuri Twitter, biturutse ku biganiro ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri Afurika y'Epfo. Burna Boy yanenze ibyo bitero maze, kuri tweet kuva yasibwe, avuga ko azahura na AKA ku mubiri baramutse bahuye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy blasts M.I, AKA over Xenophobic attacks |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/03/burna-boy-blasts-m-i-aka-over-xenophobic-attacks/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gusubiza, AKA yagaragaje ko itishimiye, ishimangira ko Afurika y'Epfo yashyigikiye mbere umwuga wa Burna Boy mbere yuko atsinda ku rwego mpuzamahanga, anasaba imbabazi. Amakimbirane yarushijeho kwitabwaho ubwo igitaramo cya Burna Boy cyari giteganijwe mu gitaramo cya 'Africans Unite' cyongereye igitutu rubanda asaba imbabazi. Mu gihe impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku mutekano n’impaka, igitaramo cyahagaritswe. Mu 2022, AKA yerekanye ko atagifite ibibazo na Burna Boy, byerekana ko hashobora kubaho ubwiyunge hagati y'abahanzi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joyce |first=Liam Karabo |title=AKA wants an apology from Burna Boy |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/aka-wants-an-apology-from-burna-boy-37179950? |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |date=2019-10-24 |title=Xenophobia: Burna Boy must apologise —South African rapper, AKA |url=https://punchng.com/xenophobia-burna-boy-must-apologise-south-african-rapper-aka/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gukora == Filozofiya iyobora Burna Boy ni Pan-Africanism . Yizera "kubaka ibiraro" hamwe na diaspora nyafurika, bizera Afrika nkumugabane w’ababyeyi n’aho abantu bavukiye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/burna-boy-the-afropolitan-troubadour/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> Yabaye umuvugizi uharanira ubutabera mbonezamubano ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2023 |title=Burna Boy: Rise of the African Superstar |url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/rise-of-the-african-giant-burna-boy-on-new-music-rolling-stone-cover-12982// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Rollingstone UK}}</ref> Umuziki wa Burna Boy ntabwo ari imyidagaduro gusa; ni umuhamagaro mubikorwa kuko akoresha urubuga rwe kugirango avugishe ukuri kubutegetsi kandi amurikire ibibazo bireba abantu muri Nijeriya ndetse no kwisi yose. Muri alubumu ye ya <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=5 reasons Burna Boy is the African Giant of music |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/5-reasons-burna-boy-is-the-african-giant-of-music/635n0lf/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Pulse ng}}</ref> studio African Giant, arasesengura amateka y’imivurungano ya Nijeriya asenya inkuru zayikikuje kuva zabona ubwigenge. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2019 |title=Burna boy blends the personal and political into a new benchmark of Afro-fusion music. |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/burna-boy-african-giant// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Pitchfork |archive-date=23 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123032039/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/burna-boy-african-giant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indirimbo nka "Iyindi Nkuru" iramagana ingaruka mbi z’isosiyete ya Royal Niger mu gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwabakoloni muri Nijeriya, "Kwangiza ingwate" iranenga ubugwari bw’Abanyanijeriya mu kudahangana n’abakandamiza mu gihe "Wetin Man Go Do" yinubira ububabare bwa rubanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/burna-boy-the-afropolitan-troubadour// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> Umunyamakuru wa radiyo BBC, DJ Target, yagize ati: "Ahagarariye impinduka, kandi avuga nabi akarengane mu gihe ahagarariye Afurika akiri muto ndetse akanamenyekana ku isi hose." <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy: The story of a true music industry revolutionary |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/burna-boy-the-story-of-a-true-music-industry-revolutionary/082066/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Music Week}}</ref> Nyuma y'imyivumbagatanyo ya Johannesburg yo muri 2019 muri Afurika y'Epfo yibasiye Abanyafurika baba muri iki gihugu, yiyemeje kutazongera gusura Afurika y'Epfo niba guverinoma itagize icyo ikora kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Stars boycott South Africa over xenophobic attacks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49576397/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> Muri 2020, yashyizeho ikigega cyo gutabara abahohotewe na #EndSARS imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya ubugizi bwa nabi bwa polisi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2020 |title=#ENDSARS: Burna Boy sets up relief fund for victims of police brutality |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/419814-endsars-burna-boy-sets-up-relief-fund-for-victims-of-police-brutality.html/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Estelle Uba wo muri ''Repubulika'' yavuze ko amagambo akomeye ya Burna Boy adahatira Abanyanijeriya gusa, ahubwo ko abenegihugu baturutse mu bihugu byahoze biganjemo abakoloni muri [[Afurika]] y'Epfo, [[Aziya]], na [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] kugira ngo babare, kandi bahangane n'ukuri kw'abakoloni bashya mu bihugu byabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy's Artivism' |url=https://republic.com.ng/december-22-january-23/burna-boy-discography// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Republic}}</ref> Binyuze mu ndirimbo ye 20-10-20, yarekuwe ku bufatanye n’iraswa rya Lekki 2020, yatanze ijwi ryamagana kurwanya iraswa ry’abigaragambyaga #EndSARS, imiyoborere mibi, ruswa, n’ubugome bwa polisi muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=#EndSARS: Burna Boy dedicates new single '20 10 20′ to victims |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/endsars-burna-boy-dedicates-new-single-20-10-20-to-victims// |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=Burna Boy Immortalises Endsars Protest Victims in New Song |url=https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-immortalises-endsars-protest-victims-in-new-song// |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> == Ibihembo na yahataniye ==   == Ibihangano == {{Burna Boy}} ; Album za studio * ''[[:en:L.I.F.E|L.I.F.E]]'' (2013) * ''[[:en:On_a_Spaceship|On a Spaceship]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Outside_(Burna_Boy_album)|Outside]]'' (2018) * ''[./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Giant Afrcian Giant]'' (2019) * [[:en:Twice_as_Tall|''Twice as Tall'']] (2020) * ''[[:en:Love,_Damini|Love, Damin]]'' (2022) * ''[[:en:I_Told_Them...|I Told Them...]]'' (2023) * ''[[:en:No_Sign_of_Weakness|No Sign of weakness]]'' (2025) == Kuzenguruka == * Ubuzima mu ruzinduko rwo hanze (2018) * Urugendo runini muri Afurika (2019) * Inshuro ebyiri Nkurugendo rurerure (2020) * Urukundo, Urugendo rwa Damini (2022) * Nababwiye ... Urugendo (2023) * Nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke (2025) == Reba kandi == {{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Burna Boy|Awards for Burna Boy]]|list={{BET Award for Best International Act}} {{The Headies Award for Best R&B Single}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}}}} * Urutonde rw'abahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Nijeriya * Urutonde rw'abacuranzi ba Nigeriya * Urutonde rw'abantu bavuye Port Harcourt == Reba == {{authority control}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://x.com/burnaboy Burna Boy] on Twitter {{DEFAULTSORT:Boy, Burna}}  {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boy, Burna}} [[Ikiciro:Nigerian pan-africanists]] [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom]] [[Ikiciro:Musicians from Port Harcout]] [[Ikiciro:Musicians from Lagos]] [[Ikiciro:Members of the order of the Federal Republic]] [[Ikiciro:The Headies Winners]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian male singers]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian male singer-songwritters]] [[Ikiciro:Singers from Port Harcout]] [[Ikiciro:Afrobeats musicians]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian political musics artists]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian pop musicians]] [[Ikiciro:Grammy Award winners]] [[Ikiciro:English Language singers from Nigeria]] [[Ikiciro:Atlantic Records artists]] [[Ikiciro:Alumni of the University of Sussex]] [[Ikiciro:Alumni of Oxford Broookes University]] [[Ikiciro:1991 births]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Article with short description]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7l0fpm9k5h9y8xe3qf7qe3n5xfymaaw 0 21349 149190 139092 2026-11-07T18:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 7 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149190 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Innocent Ujah Idibia''' MON [ a ] ( Listen ⓘ ; yavutse ku ya ''18 Nzeri'' 1975), uzwi ku izina rye rya '''2Baba''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutuku |first=Ryan |date=2022-08-29 |title=2Baba's bio: wife, children, net worth, house, and cars - Tuko.co.ke |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/celebrity-biographies/469525-2babas-bio-wife-children-net-worth-house-cars/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.tuko.co.ke |language=en}}</ref> wahoze yitwa '''2Face Idibia''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Njoku |first=Benjamin |date=27 July 2014 |title=2face changes name to 'Tu-baba' |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/2face-changes-name-tu-baba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729215959/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/2face-changes-name-tu-baba/ |archive-date=29 July 2014 |access-date=30 July 2014 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Is 2baba the greatest Nigerian artist ever? |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829131926/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> n'umuririmbyi wo muri nijeriyaa uzi mukwandika Indirimbo no kuzitunganya, umwanditsi w’indirimbo, umuhanzi w’injyana n’utunganya umuziki wo muri Nijeriya, uzwi cyane kubera album ye ya mbere yakoze ku giti cye [[:en:Face_2_Face_(2Face_Idibia_album)|Face 2 Face]] 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2017 |title=2Face donates N3.5 million to help persons displaced by Boko Haram |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/224789-2face-donates-n3-5-million-help-persons-displaced-boko-haram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829131929/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/224789-2face-donates-n3-5-million-help-persons-displaced-boko-haram.html |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> [ b ] Afatwa nkumwe mu bahanzi "bakomeye"kandi bakomeye muri Afrobeats bibihe byose nyuma y’umusanzu we muri muzika ya pop ya Nigeriya mu myaka ya za 2000. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=16 May 2018 |title=14 years after, 'Face 2 Face' is still a gem of an album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603162147/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> 2Baba yatsindiye igihembo cya MTV Europe kubera African Act [[Ubutrenganzira bw'abana|mu]] 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2017 |title=10 things to know about 2face as he turns 42 &#124; Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219040856/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> Mu 2019, yakoze indirimbo afatanyije na Cobhams Asuquo na Timi Dakolo bashyize hanze indirimbo igamije gukangurira abantu [[:en:Children's_rights|uburenganzira bw’abana]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tubaba Archives |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/tubaba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301141305/https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/tubaba/ |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref>. ''Billboard'' yashyize indirimbo ye " African Queen " No 1 kurutonde rw'indirimbo nziza za Afrobeats mubihe byose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 50 Best Afrobeats Songs of All Time: Full Staff List |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-afrobeats-songs |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == 2Baba yavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1975, avukira i Jos, muri Leta ya Plateau, muri Nijeriya, akomoka muri Idoma ukomoka muri Leta ya Benue muri Nijeriya rwagati. <ref name="Channels TV">{{Cite web |last=Abisoye |first=Adeyiga |date=18 September 2015 |title=Music Legend, 2Face Idibia Turns 40 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206084018/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mount Saint Gabriel i Makurdi mbere yo gukurikirana Business adminsistration mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuyobozi n’ikoranabuhanga, Enugu (IMT), riherereye muri Leta ya Enugu. <ref name="Channels TV" /> Nyuma yo Kwiyegurira umuziki, 2Baba yahagaritse amashuri asanzwe akurikirana umwuga we wa muzika. <ref name="Channels TV">{{Cite web |last=Abisoye |first=Adeyiga |date=18 September 2015 |title=Music Legend, 2Face Idibia Turns 40 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206084018/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbisoye2015">Abisoye, Adeyiga (18 September 2015). </cite></ref> 1996, yari amaze gutangira guhimba imiziki no gufata amajwi cyane cyane muri GB Fan Club muri Enugu State Broadcasting Services (ESBS). <ref name="Channels TV" /> Yakoreraga ku izina rya stage "2Face", {{efn|The name was literally coined from "two face"}} yavuze ko iryo zina ari "ugutandukanya ubuzima bwe bwite nubw’ubucuruzi" nubwo nyuma yaje guhinduka "2Baba" mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2016 |title=2face 'officially' changes name to 2baba |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230347/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba |archive-date=21 April 2019 |access-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=Music in Africa}}</ref> == Umwuga == Ubwo yari mu ishuri rikuru ry’imiyoborere n’ikoranabuhanga Enugu (IMT), Idibia yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika akorana na Blackface Naija, umunyeshuri biganaga mu mashuri yisumbuye, na Faze, bose nyuma baza gushinga itsinda ry’abantu batatu, Plantashun Boiz. Itsinda ryasohoye alubumu ebyiri, ''body and soul'' (2000) na ''Sold Out'' (2003),babifashijwemo na Dove Records, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2018 |title=Here's both sides of the story as Blackface says 2baba is suing him for N50M |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084327/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=pulse.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adefolurin |first=Adeyinka M. |title=Dove Records |url=https://savycon.com/service/1509850 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=savycon.com |language=English}}</ref> gifitwe na Nelson Brown. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2013 |title=2face Idibia working with Nelson Brown on upcoming album |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170019/http://thenet.ng/2013/06/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Abagize itsinda batandukanye mu 2004, 2Baba basubira mu muziki wenyine. 2Baba yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ku giti cye, ''Face 2 Face'' (2004), yasuzumwe neza n'abanegura umuziki kandi ashyirwa ku rutonde rwa "alubumu ikomeye ya mbere yo muri Nijeriya yo mu kinyejana cya 21 n'umuhanzi wenyine". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=17 March 2020 |title=Here are the top 10 Nigerian debut albums of the past 20 years |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20/73sdp1x |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418024948/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20/73sdp1x |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Yakurikiwe na alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006). Nyuma yibyo, yavuye muri Kennis Music maze ashyiraho label ye bwite, Hypertek Digital. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2011 |title=Tuface Idibia opens up on why he left Kennis music |url=http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916023514/http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=Nigerianewsdaily.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TuFace Checks Piracy With Classy Album Price |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322200436/http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=tribune.com.ng}}</ref>, yasohoye alubumu y'ubushakashatsi yitwa ''The Unstoppable'', hamwe n’ikinyamakuru International edition mu mwaka wa 2010 [[:en:Soundcity_TV|SoundCity]] Music Video. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2010 |title=Soundcity Music Video Awards 2010&nbsp;– The Winner's Circle. |url=http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304162542/http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/ |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=thenetng.com}}</ref> == <small>Ubuzima bwite n’ibibazo byavutse</small> == Mu 2004, 2Baba yavuye mu itsinda "Plantashun Boiz" byatumye iryo tsinda ryicamo ibice, bituma havuka amakimbirane n'abahoze ari bagenzi be bamushinja ko yatandukanijwe. 2Baba n’umwe bari bigeze gukorana mu itsinda, Faze, basangizanyije amakosa mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zo mu ma album yabo y’umwihariko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2018 |title=Plantashun Boyz alum blames selfishness for split |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/blackface-plantashun-boyz-alum-blames-selfishness-for-split/h2rw77x |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603190726/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/blackface-plantashun-boyz-alum-blames-selfishness-for-split/h2rw77x |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> BlackFace yavuze ko indirimbo 2Baba yakoze zanditswe na bombi, nubwo iki kibazo cyaje gukemurwa mu rukiko. Indirimbo <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Theft Claim: Blackface Apolgises To 2Baba, Settles Out Of Court |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/28/theft-claim-blackface-apolgises-to-2baba-settle-out-of-court/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129123453/https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/28/theft-claim-blackface-apolgises-to-2baba-settle-out-of-court/ |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=28 November 2019 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> " African Queen " yabaye impaka hagati ya 2Baba, label ye yise Kennis Music, n'uwahoze ari umuririmbyi mugenzi we Blackface, bamushinje ku mugaragaro ko yamwibye indirimbo, avuga ko yanditse iyi ndirimbo bakiri itsinda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2019 |title=Blackface: I wrote 'African Queen'... I decide who sings it and who doesn't |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/blackface-i-wrote-african-queen-i-decide-who-sings-it-and-who-doesnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523175331/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/blackface-i-wrote-african-queen-i-decide-who-sings-it-and-who-doesnt/ |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge |first=Osagie |date=1 August 2013 |title=2face, Blackface and the controversial 'African queen' |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603160642/https://thenet.ng/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/ |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuziki wa Kennis waje kwemera guha Blackface inguzanyo zo kwandika iyi ndirimbo kandi yemera no kumwishyura amafaranga y’amafaranga yavuye mu ndirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2018 |title=Blackface don dey chop money from African Queen for 10 years&nbsp;– 2face Management |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44888794 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603160641/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44888794 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2017, 2Baba yatangaje binyuze ku rubuga rwe rwa Instagram ko azayobora imyigaragambyo mu gihugu hose ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2017; imyigaragambyo yarwanyaga politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa na Perezidansi ya Muhammadu Buhari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=25 January 2017 |title=Recession: 2Face plans to lead nationwide protest |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/221502-recession-2face%e2%80%8e-plans-lead-nationwide-protest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011838/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/221502-recession-2face%e2%80%8e-plans-lead-nationwide-protest.html |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2017 |title=2face announces nationwide protest against 'obnoxious policies' of FG |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/2face-idibia-protest-nationwide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011832/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/2face-idibia-protest-nationwide/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inyang |first=Ifreke |date=25 January 2017 |title=2face Idibia announces nationwide protest against Buhari's policies |url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/01/25/2face-idibia-announces-nationwide-protest-buharis-policies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011836/https://dailypost.ng/2017/01/25/2face-idibia-announces-nationwide-protest-buharis-policies/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu rwego rwo guhagarika imyigaragambyo, ubuyobozi, binyuze kuri komiseri w’igipolisi cya Leta ya Lagos, Fatai Owoseni, bwasohoye itangazo rivuga ko imyigaragambyo yabujijwe muri Leta, avuga ko hari impungenge z’uko amazu y’amazu azayashimuta kandi agateza akaduruvayo. Icyakora, aya magambo yaranze kandi yirengagizwa ku mugaragaro, mu gihe kumenyekanisha imyigaragambyo byakomeje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2017 |title=Tuface To Protest Despite Police Ban, Warnings |url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/02/02/tuface-protest-despite-police-ban-warnings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/http://saharareporters.com/2017/02/02/tuface-protest-despite-police-ban-warnings |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2017 |title=Police Ban Tuface from Protesting in Lagos |url=https://guardian.ng/news/police-ban-tuface-from-protesting-in-lagos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://guardian.ng/news/police-ban-tuface-from-protesting-in-lagos/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2017, 2Baba yasohoye videwo ivuga ko yahagaritse imyigaragambyo kubera impamvu z'umutekano. Ibihuha byakwirakwiriye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bivuga ko ubuyobozi, binyuze kuri DSS, bwamutoye mbere y'uwo munsi kandi bumuhatira guhagarika imyigaragambyo yavuzwe cyane, nubwo nyuma yaje gukora tweet nyinshi ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter kugira ngo ahakana iki kirego. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2017 |title=I was not arrested&nbsp;– Tuface |url=https://punchng.com/not-arrested-tuface/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://punchng.com/not-arrested-tuface/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwachukwu |first=John Owen |date=6 February 2017 |title=Cancelled protest: I was not arrested by DSS&nbsp;– 2face |url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/06/cancelled-protest-not-arrested-dss-2face/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011832/https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/06/cancelled-protest-not-arrested-dss-2face/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2017 |title='I was not arrested by the DSS'&nbsp;– music star says |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-i-was-not-arrested-by-the-dss-music-star-says/qqp3x4r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-i-was-not-arrested-by-the-dss-music-star-says/qqp3x4r |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=pulse.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> 2Baba yashakanye n'umukinnyi w'amafirime ukomoka muri Nijeriya, Annie Macaulay-Idibia kuva mu 2012 i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2012 |title=2face Idibia and Annie Macaulay wed secretly |url=http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-Idibia-and-Annie-Macaulay-wed-secretly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035806/http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-idibia-and-annie-macaulay-wed-secretly |archive-date=7 May 2012 |access-date=4 May 2012 |website=thenet.ng |publisher=[[The Net (Nigeria)|The Net]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2012 |title=Annie, anointed queen of a shooting star |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229124315/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star/ |archive-date=29 February 2012 |access-date=3 March 2012 |website=punchng.com |publisher=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> I Dubai ku ya 23 Werurwe 2013, habaye umuhango w’imbonezamubano, kandi bafite abana babiri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2016 |title=10 cutest couple moments of singer and wife as they mark 3rd wedding anniversary |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820120024/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=20 August 2019 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref> Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2025, yatangaje ko yatandukana n’umugore we bashakanye, Annie kuri Instagram. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, uyu muhanzikazi yagaragaye ari kumwe na Natasha Osawaru, umushingamategeko mu nzu mberabyombi ya Edo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Tuface: Nigeria's 2Baba announces separation from Annie Idibia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0qw7w7yn0eo.amp |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwaeluwe |first=Victoria |date=2025-01-27 |title=2Baba confirms separation from wife Annie Idibia in recent video announcement |url=https://nigeriansketch.com/2baba-confirms-separation-from-wife-annie-idibia-in-recent-video-announcement/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Nigerian Sketch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Hannah |date=15 February 2025 |title=VIDEO: 2Baba spotted shopping with Natasha Osawaru amid family's concerns cver his whereabouts – Punch Newspapers |url=https://punchng.com/video-2baba-spotted-shopping-with-natasha-osawuru-amid-familys-concerns-cver-his-whereabouts/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=The Punch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Missing' 2face and new boo, Natasha spotted together at hair shop {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/missing-2face-and-new-boo-natasha-spotted-together-at-hair-shop-2025021515444081267 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Umurage == 2Baba yahawe ibihembo byinshi mubuzima bwe bwose, harimo igihembo cya MTV Europe Music Award na World Music Award, <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 things to know about 2face as he turns 42 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219040856/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> ibihembo bitanu bya Headies byindirimbo yumwaka, ibihembo bine bya Channel O Music Video Awards, na BET Award. Byongeye kandi, yahawe igihembo muri MTV Africa Music Awards, Umuziki wa Black Origin Awards, Kora Awards, ndetse na 'Afrima Legend Award' 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Mofijesusewa |date=2019-11-25 |title=2Baba And Awilo Longomba Honoured With The 'Legend Of The Year' Title At The 2019 All Africa Music Awards (AFRIMA) |url=https://thenet.ng/2baba-and-awilo-longomba-honoured-with-the-legend-of-the-year-title-at-the-2019-all-africa-music-awards-afrima/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126224314/http://www.thenet.ng/2baba-and-awilo-longomba-honoured-with-the-legend-of-the-year-title-at-the-2019-all-africa-music-awards-afrima/ |archive-date=26 January 2020 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Yinjijwe muri " The Headies Hall of Fame " mu 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-01-25 |title=Headies Awards: Efe Omorogbe speaks on 2face Idibia's Hall of Fame induction&nbsp;— National Daily Newspaper |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/headies-awards-efe-omorogbe-speaks-on-2face-idibias-hall-of-fame-induction/,%20https://nationaldailyng.com/headies-awards-efe-omorogbe-speaks-on-2face-idibias-hall-of-fame-induction/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> no muri 'Hall Legends Hall of Fame' muri Gana mu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Ghana: African greats inducted into Music Legends Hall of Fame |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-african-greats-inducted-music-legends-hall-fame |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120104733/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-african-greats-inducted-music-legends-hall-fame |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Music in Africa |language=en}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2016, 2Baba yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mu buhanzi muri kaminuza ya Igbinedion, muri Nijeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2016 |title=2face bags Masters Degree |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/05/2face-bags-masters-degree/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903102655/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/05/2face-bags-masters-degree/ |archive-date=3 September 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> naho muri Werurwe 2019, agirwa Umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'umuziki muri kaminuza ya Obafemi Awolowo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=21 March 2019 |title=2Face Idibia receives award of Fellow of the School of Music at Obafemi Awolowo University |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-receives-award-of-fellow-of-the-school-of-music-at-obafemi-awolowo/bq2dl56 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322140918/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-receives-award-of-fellow-of-the-school-of-music-at-obafemi-awolowo/bq2dl56 |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=pulse.ng}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2017, yatangaje ubufatanye na Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe impunzi (UNHCR) anatanga impano ku bantu bimuwe mu byabo (IDP) n’abatahutse. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2Baba |url=https://www.unhcr.org/about-2baba2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816104731/https://www.unhcr.org/about-2baba2.html |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> Yatangije kandi ubukangurambaga "Vote Not fight" munsi ya Fondasiyo ya Youngstars n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe demokarasi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Famuyiwa |first=Damilare |date=7 August 2019 |title=NSE appoints 2face as its 'Good Cause Ambassador' |url=https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807094048/https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=Singer launches "Vote Not Fight" campaign in Anambra |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-singer-launches-vote-not-fight-campaign-in-anambra/s809wwp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816104735/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-singer-launches-vote-not-fight-campaign-in-anambra/s809wwp |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> yabaye ambasaderi ku bicuruzwa the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_for_Food_and_Drug_Administration_and_Control" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" class="cx-link" data-linkid="245">National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control</a> (NAFDAC) in 2009,<ref>{{cite web |date=18 September 2009 |title=NAFDAC appoints 2face Ambassador |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/nafdac-appoints-2face-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219184146/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/nafdac-appoints-2face-ambassador/ |archive-date=19 December 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Stock_Exchange" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Nigerian Stock Exchange" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="246">Nigerian Stock Exchange</a> (NSE),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Famuyiwa |first=Damilare |date=7 August 2019 |title=NSE appoints 2face as its 'Good Cause Ambassador' |url=https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807094048/https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-GB}}</ref> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Nigeria" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Airtel Nigeria" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="247">Airtel Nigeria</a>,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2015 |title=2 Face, IK, Akpororo, others now Airtel brand ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194615/https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globacom" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Globacom" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="248">Globacom</a>,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2017 |title=2face dumps Airtel, becomes Glo ambassador |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828192253/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref>bitandukanye gishinzwe imiyoborere <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2017 |title=2face dumps Airtel, becomes Glo ambassador |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828192253/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> NAFDAC <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2014 |title=2Face, Wizkid in first collabo as Hennessy Artistry goes to Ghana |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/2face-wizkid-first-collabo-hennessy-artistry-goes-ghana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194004/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/2face-wizkid-first-collabo-hennessy-artistry-goes-ghana/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2019 |title=oraimo Unveils 2Face as Brand Ambassador, Launches 310 Hours Battery Life Necklace |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/04/oraimo-unveils-2face-as-brand-ambassador-launches-310-hours-battery-life-necklace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411211126/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/04/oraimo-unveils-2face-as-brand-ambassador-launches-310-hours-battery-life-necklace/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=[[This Day]]}}</ref> ambasaderi nyafurika mu ruganda rukora inzoga mu Butaliyani, Campari mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=2Face, Annie Idibia bag new endorsement deal |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/2face-annie-idibia-bag-new-endorsement-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828183945/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/2face-annie-idibia-bag-new-endorsement-deal/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Igitaramo cya FORTYfied All-Star Tribute Concert, cyateguwe na 2Baba kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 40 n’uruhare muri muzika ya Nigeriya, cyabaye ku ya 20 Nzeri 2015, muri Eko Hotel na Suites Convention Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2015 |title=STAR to Celebrate 2Face at 40 With All-Star Tribute Concert |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/star-to-celebrate-2face-at-40-with-all-star-tribute-concert/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920223456/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/star-to-celebrate-2face-at-40-with-all-star-tribute-concert/ |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Yakiriwe na Basketmouth ikanaterwa inkunga na STAR Lager Beer, igitaramo cyamamaye cyane. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Joey Akan |date=8 September 2015 |title=Singer announces concert to mark 40th birthday |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/2face-idibia-singer-announces-concert-to-mark-40th-birthday-id4148177.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918010739/http://pulse.ng/buzz/2face-idibia-singer-announces-concert-to-mark-40th-birthday-id4148177.html |archive-date=18 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Niwe kandi washinze urukurikirane rw'ibitaramo "Buckwyld na Breathless" <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2017 |title=Why I started Buckwyld & Breathless concert&nbsp;– 2face Idibia&nbsp;– Vanguard News |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/started-buckwyld-breathless-concert-2face-idibia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217023315/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/started-buckwyld-breathless-concert-2face-idibia/ |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=23 January 2018 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> na Fondasiyo ya 2Baba, yahoze yitwa "2Face Reach Out Foundation". <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2011 |title='2Face' Idibia: Message behind the music |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/11/28/inside-africa-2face-idibia-nigeria-a.cnn?iref=allsearch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831124519/http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/11/28/inside-africa-2face-idibia-nigeria-a.cnn?iref=allsearch |archive-date=31 August 2010 |access-date=6 March 2012 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> == Ibihangano == === Umuzingo === * ''Face 2 Face'' (2004) * ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006) * ''The unstoppable'' (2009) * ''Unstoppable'' ''international Edition''(2010) * ''Away and Beyond'' (2012) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2012 |title=2face&nbsp;– Away and Beyond [Album Review] |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-away-and-beyond-album-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091643/https://thenet.ng/2face-away-and-beyond-album-review/ |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=[[Netng]]}}</ref> * ''The ascension'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=2face Idibia's 'The Ascension' Album Is Currently The 12th Top Selling Album In The World {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/ece-frontpage/record-breaking-2face-idibias-the-ascension-album-is-currently-the-12th-top-selling-2024080117011184103 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> (2014) * ''Rewind, Select, Update'' (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rewind Select Update by 2Face Idibia |url=https://itunes.apple.com/ng/album/rewind-select-update/id969548315 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710065447/https://itunes.apple.com/ng/album/rewind-select-update/id969548315 |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=iTunes |language=en}}</ref> * ''Warriors'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors by 2Baba |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/warriors/1498430198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215233121/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/warriors/1498430198 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya == Reba == === Inyandiko === <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> === Imirongo === {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze ==   * 2Baba at IMDb {{Navboxes|title=Awards for 2Baba|list={{BET Award for Best International Act: Africa}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}}}}{{2Baba}}{{Hypertek Digital}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 9otqpz3wlkxx8lc5vyg46mu88znv41e 0 21475 149338 127859 2026-11-07T20:44:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149338 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyamko Ana Sabuni (wavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1969) ni umunyapolitiki wo muri [[Suwede]] wari Umuyobozi w’abigenga hagati ya Kamena 2019 na Mata 2022.Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w’Ubufatanye kuva 2006 kugeza 2010 ndetse anaba Minisitiri w’Uburinganire kuva 2006 kugeza 2013 muri guverinoma ya Suwede. Sabuni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu, yatorewe kuba Umudepite mu 2002. Sabuni yakoze amateka muri Kamena 2019 abaye umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishyaka mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya Suwede ukomoka mu moko mato ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya mbere ukomoka mu mpunzi. Muri Mata 2022, Sabuni yeguye ku buyobozi bw'ishyaka. [[Dosiye:Nyamko Sabuni.0c194 1235.jpg|thumb|nyamko sabunani]] * <u>Ubuzima bwite</u> Nyamko Sabuni yavukiye i Bujumbura mu Burundi, aho se, umunyapolitiki w’ibumoso ukomoka muri Zayire, yabaga mu buhungiro. Se wa Sabuni ni umukirisitu, naho nyina ni umuyisilamu. Uyu muryango wabonye ubuhungiro bwa politiki muri Suwede mu 1981 naho Sabuni akurira i Kungsängen, mu majyaruguru ya Stockholm. Yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Uppsala, politiki y’abimukira muri kaminuza ya Mälardalen muri Eskilstuna, n’itumanaho n’itangazamakuru mu ishuri ry’itumanaho rya Berghs i Stockholm. Yashakanye kuva 2004 kugeza 2012 kandi afite abahungu b'impanga kuva muri ubwo bukwe. Yavuze ko atari umunyamadini. * <u>Umwuga wa politiki</u> Paweł Rogaliński, Nyamko Sabuni na Mara Carfagna mu nama ya gatatu y’uburinganire yabereye i Stockholm muri Nzeri 2009. [[Dosiye:Nyamko Sabuni Nobelmuseet.ogv|thumb|nyamko sabunani]] Sabuni yari umwe mu bagize akanama k’Urubyiruko rwigenga rwa Suwede kuva mu 1996 kugeza mu 1998. Yavuze ko iyicwa ry’impunzi ya Cote d'Ivoire Gerard Gbeyo, ryakozwe n’umusuwede neo-Nazi wo muri Suwede mu mujyi wa Klippan mu 1995, nkimwe mu mpamvu zatumye yishora muri politiki. Nyuma gato yo gutorerwa imirimo, yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho inkunga y’umuryango Centrum mot rasism, aho nyirarume Mkyabela Sabuni yari umuyobozi. Mu ibaruwa y’ibitekerezo yo ku ya 17 Nyakanga 2006 yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Suwede Expressen, Sabuni yasabye ko hasuzumwa [[Umugore|abagore]] b’abagore b’abagore bose b’ishuri hagamijwe gukumira imyanya ndangagitsina. Yasabye ko hijab ihagarikwa ku bakobwa bari munsi y’imyaka 15 kandi anashyigikira ko ubwicanyi bw’icyubahiro bwashyirwa mu cyiciro cyigenga mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana cya Suwede. Muri Nyakanga 2006, hasohotse [[igitabo]] cye Flickorna vi sviker ("Abakobwa Tureka"), kivuga ku bagore bo muri Suwede babangamiwe n’ihohoterwa ry’icyubahiro. Sabuni avuga ko kwimenyereza Abayisilamu babaho na Qor'ani "bigabanya amahirwe yabo". Yagaragaje ko imyitozo nko gusenga inshuro eshanu ku munsi cyangwa kubaza umuziki, itesha agaciro [[Abayisilamu.]] * <u>2006–2013: Minisitiri</u> Ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2006, guverinoma nshya ihuriweho na Suwede yavuye mu matora yatangaje ko Sabuni yagizwe Minisitiri mushya w’uburinganire n’uburinganire. Niwe muntu wa mbere ukomoka muri Afurika wagizwe Minisitiri muri guverinoma ya Suwede. Kuba Sabuni yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’Uburinganire bw’Uburinganire byahuye n’imyigaragambyo ya bamwe mu Bayisilamu bo muri Suwede, bamushinje Islamophobia na populism. Icyifuzo cyo kwanga ko ashyirwaho umukono n’ishyirahamwe ry’abayisilamu bo muri Suwede, bivugwa ko ariryo shyirahamwe rinini rihagarariye abayisilamu muri Suwede. Yeguye ku ya 21 Mutarama 2013, avuga ko uzamusimbura agomba kwitegura mbere y'amatora rusange ya 2014 {{Wikidata search link}} * <u>2019–2022: Umuyobozi w'ishyaka</u> Muri Kamena 2021, Sabuni yatorewe kuba umuyobozi w'ishyaka rya Liberal. Ku ya 8 Mata 2022, Sabuni yeguye ku buyobozi bw'ishyaka nyuma y'impaka zikomoka ku magambo ye avuga ko azahunga Suwede yerekeza muri Noruveje niba Suwede yarigeze gutera. Umunsi umwe yasimbuwe na Johan Pehrson 1.https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/13/world/europe/13profile.html 2.https://web.archive.org/web/20190524191448/https://vi.se/en-tuff-mjukis-nyamko-sabuni-ar-favorit-bland-nya-partiledarkandidater/ 3..https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article14647491.ab 4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyamko_Sabuni oomra2ivh61torbj0pbpuze5lvvfwum 0 21554 149355 134469 2026-11-07T20:58:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:36a_Lliga_Catalana_AON_Femenina_2024_(54009732355).jpg|thumb|409x409px|Umukino wa Basketball ni wo mukino wa kabiri uzwi cyane mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kids_playing_football2.jpg|thumb|317x317px|Abana bakina umupira w'amaguru]] [[Dosiye:Claudette_Mukasakindi_2.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mukasakindi Claudette|Claudette Mukasakindi]] ahagarariye u Rwanda muri marato y'abagore mu mikino Olempike yabereye i Londres mu mpeshyi ya 2012]] [[Dosiye:Medical_intervention_at_the_kigali_peace_marathon.jpg|thumb|Abaganga bakira umuntu wakomeretse muri [[Kigali International Peace Marathon|Marato y'Amahoro ya Kigali]]]] Siporo ifite uruhare runini mu [[Rwanda]], cyane cyane murwego rw'abaturage, aho [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ari ikintu gikunzwe cyane kandi abana bakinira muburyo butunguranye mu midugudu, mu mijyi no mu mashuri. Siporo kandi ishyigikiwe na Politiki ya leta yoguteza imbere siporo yomu Ukwakira 2012. Ibi bivuga ko siporo ifite inyungu nyinshi, harimo guhuza abantu, kunoza ishema ry'igihugu nbumwe, nokunoza ubuzima. Iyi politiki igaragaza imbogamizi mw'iterambere rya siporo mu gihugu, harimo ibikorwa remezo bike nubushobozi buke bw'amafaranga. Ishyiraho "intego itera imbaraga" ko, muri 2020, u Rwanda rugomba kugira "ijanisha ryinshi ry'abaturage bakina siporo kurusha mu kindi gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cya Afurika" kandi rukaza mubihugu bitatu bya mbere bya Afurika mu mikino ya basketball, volleyball, gusiganwa kumagare, siporo n'imikino ya Paralempike, hamwe n'imikino icumi ya mbere mumupira w'amaguru. Igamije kandi "guteza imbere ukwitabira cyane kw'abantu mumikino gakondo". <ref name="SportDevPol">{{Cite web |date=October 2012 |title=Rwanda Sports Development Policy |url=http://minispoc.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Documents/rwanda_sports_development_policy.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418142520/http://minispoc.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Documents/rwanda_sports_development_policy.doc |archive-date=2015-04-18 |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Sports and Culture |page=18}}</ref> Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara nikigo cy'ubumenyi n'iterambere rya siporo cya Kaminuza ya Western Cape, siporo ikunzwe cyane mu Rwanda ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]], [[Wasan kwallon raga|volleyball]], [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]], siporo n'imikino ya Paralempike . <ref name="Ndengeye">{{Cite book |last=Ndengeye |first=Joseph |year=2014 |title=Sport and Development Policy in Africa: Results of a Collaborative Study of Selected Country Cases |publisher=SUN Press |isbn=9781920689407 |editor-last=Keim |editor-first=Marion |location=Stellenbosch |pages=125–128 |chapter=Country Report: Rwanda |editor-last2=de Coning |editor-first2=Christo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jsrAwAAQBAJ&q=sport%20rwanda&pg=PA125}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Aerial_view_of_the_kigali_peace_marathon.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yo mu kirere ya Marato y'Amahoro ya Kigali]] == Incamake == U Rwanda rwagaragaye bwambere mu mikino Olempike muwi 1984, <ref name="London2012">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2012 |title=Rwanda |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730052803/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/countries/rwanda |archive-date=2012-07-30 |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> ndetse rugaragara bwa mbere mu mikino Paralempike muri 2004. <ref name="Paralympics">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2015 |title=Rwandan para-sport develops at pace |url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/rwandan-para-sport-develops-pace |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420101100/http://www.paralympic.org/news/rwandan-para-sport-develops-pace |archive-date=2015-04-20 |access-date=27 April 2015 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee}}</ref> Iki gihugu cyohereje abakinnyi barindwi mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi ya 2012 yabereye i Londres, bayihagararira mumikino ngororamubiri, koga, gusiganwa ku magare yo mu misozi na judo, <ref name="London2012" /> n'abandi 15 mu mikino Paralempike yo mu mpeshyi ya Londres kugira ngo bahatanire imikino ngororamubiri, guterura amashanyarazi na volleyball yo kwicara . <ref name="Paralympics" /> U Rwanda rwitabiriye imikino ya Commonwealth ku nshuro yambere mu mikino ya 2010 yabereye i Delhi mu Buhinde, nyuma yokwinjira muri Commonwealth umwaka wabanjirije uwo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2010 |title=Commonwealth Games 2010: Participating nations in Africa |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9037806.stm |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Abakinnyi 'u Rwanda bitabiriye imikino ngororamubiri, guterana iteramakofe, gusiganwa kumagare mumuhanda no koga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.glasgow2014.com/celebrate/queens-baton-relay/international-stages/interactive-map/rwanda |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413223027/http://www.glasgow2014.com/celebrate/queens-baton-relay/international-stages/interactive-map/rwanda |archive-date=2015-04-13 |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Glasgow 2014}}</ref> U Rwanda rwohereje abakinnyi mu mikino ya 2014 kugira ngo bahatanire imikino ngororamubiri, guterana iteramakofe, gusiganwa kumagare, koga no guterura ibiremereye . <ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2014 |title=Statement on Cabinet Decisions of 29.07.2014 |url=http://www.primature.gov.rw/top/news/news-details.html?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1216&cHash=588e976e71301e1aec9ff383d8378234 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414093933/http://www.primature.gov.rw/top/news/news-details.html?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1216&cHash=588e976e71301e1aec9ff383d8378234 |archive-date=2015-04-14 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Republic of Rwanda Office of the Prime Minister}}</ref> Ikipe yu Rwanda mu mikino y'urubyiruko ya Afurika ya 2014 yarifite umubare munini w'abakinnyi b'abagore (abakinnyi 29 muri 49 bose hamwe) kurusha abandi bakinnyi bose bitabiriye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2014 |title=Rwanda Sends Highest % of Female Athletes to AYG |url=http://olympicrwanda.org/rwanda-sends-highest-percentage-of-female-athletes-to-african-youth-games-in-gaborone-botswana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003321/http://olympicrwanda.org/rwanda-sends-highest-percentage-of-female-athletes-to-african-youth-games-in-gaborone-botswana/ |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=17 April 2015 |publisher=Rwanda National Olympic and Sports Committee}}</ref> === Umupira w'amaguru === [[Umupira w’agatebo|Basketball]] nimwe mumikino ikunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba ariya kabiri nyuma [[Umupira w’amaguru|y’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru]] kandi ikaba ari yo mikino irebwa cyane mu gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basketball in Rwanda – Visit Rwanda |url=https://visitrwanda.com/basketball-africa-league/basketball-in-rwanda/#:~:text=Basketball%20is%20among%20the%20most,at%20national%20and%20international%20level}}</ref> Ishyirahamwe ry’umukino wa Basketball mu Rwanda ryabaye umunyamuryango wIshyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya Basketball kuva muwi 1977. Mbere yomuri 2000, ikipe y’igihugu ya Basketball mu Rwanda ntiyari izwi cyane hanze yigihugu, ariko kuva hagati mumyaka ya 2000 yakomeje kumenyekana ku rubyiniro rwa Afurika. Ikipe y’abagabo yamaze kwegukana itike yokugera mu cyiciro cyanyuma cya Shampiyona ya Basketball muri Afurika inshuro enye zikurikiranya kuva mu 2007. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bishumba |first=Richard |date=7 February 2015 |title=Meet Mutokambali, the national hoops team coach |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2015-02-07/185708/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219052105/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2015-02-07/185708/ |archive-date=2015-02-19 |access-date=9 April 2015 |work=The New Times}}</ref> Igihugu cyasabye kwakira Shampiyona ya Basketball muri Afurika ya 2013, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mackay |first=Duncan |date=24 December 2009 |title=Rwanda launch bid for 2013 African Championships |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/8551/rwanda-launch-plan-for-2013-african-championships |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415123104/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/8551/rwanda-launch-plan-for-2013-african-championships |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> ariko uburenganzira bwo kwakira irushanwa bwahawe [[Kote Divuwari|Ivory Coast]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2011 |title=CIV - Ivory Coast to host AfroBasket 2013 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/CIV-Ivory-Coast-to-host-AfroBasket-2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415231156/http://www.fiba.com/news/CIV-Ivory-Coast-to-host-AfroBasket-2013 |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=International Basketball Federation}}</ref> AfroBasket 2021 yahawe [[Kigali]] . Kubutaka bwiwabo, u Rwanda rwatsinze Angola, wegukanye ibihembo 10 bya AfroBasket hagati yi 1989 na 2013. <ref name="BasketEurope.com">[https://www.basketeurope.com/livenews-fr/563129/afrobasket-la-chute-de-langola-le-peps-du-rwanda/ AfroBasket : La chute de l’Angola, le peps du Rwanda] BasketEurope.com, 27 August 2021. Accessed 17 October 2021.{{In lang|fr}}</ref> Alex Mpoyo womu Rwanda yagize ati:<blockquote>"Nibyiza kubona kakazi kacu ko guhagararira igihugu cyacu neza gashimwa cyane. Mu by'ukuri, sinabura gushimira bihagije abafana ibihumbi baje kudushyigikira, baririmba indirimbo zabo nimbyino zabo mumukino wose, ndetse nomu gihe twari inyuma. Inkunga yabo idashingiye kukiguzi yatubereye isoko ikomeye yinkunga." <ref name="BasketEurope.com"/></blockquote> === Umupira w'amaguru === Ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda riyoborwa n'Ishyirahamwe [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|ry'Umupira w'Amaguru mu Rwanda]] (FERWAFA), ryashinzwe muwi 1972 ryemererwa kwinjira muri FIFA muwi 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Fédération Rwandaise de Football Association |url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=rwa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415153554/http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=rwa/ |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> FERWAFA kandi ifitanye isano nishyirahamwe [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|ry'Umupira w'Amaguru muri Afurika]] (CAF) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fédération Rwandaise de Football Association (FERWAFA) |url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations/f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rationrwandaisedefootballassociation/Home |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410215225/http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations/f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rationrwandaisedefootballassociation/Home |archive-date=2015-04-10 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Confederation of African Football}}</ref> n'Inama y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'iyo Hagati (CECAFA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=About CECAFA |url=http://cecafafootball.org/about-cecafa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313013644/http://cecafafootball.org/about-cecafa/ |archive-date=2015-03-13 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=CECAFA}}</ref> [[Amavubi|Ikipe y'igihugu]] yayo ya mbere yakinnye igikombe cya Afurika mwirushanwa ryo mu 2004. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Carlin |first=John |date=13 July 2003 |title=Rwanda's magic moment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/jul/13/sport.comment3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415220803/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/jul/13/sport.comment3 |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=9 April 2015 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ikipe yambere yu Rwanda yatwaye igikombe cya CECAFA muwi 1999, ubwo igihugu cyakiraga iri rushanwa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Komugisha |first=Usher |author-link=Usher Komugisha |date=27 November 2014 |title=Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup cancelled |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-11-27/183476/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212050855/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-11-27/183476/ |archive-date=2014-12-12 |access-date=9 April 2015 |work=The New Times}}</ref> Igikombe cya CECAFA cy'Amakipe kizwi nka Kagame Interclub Cup kuva muri 2002, ubwo Perezida w'u Rwanda Kagame yatangiraga gutera inkunga iri rushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kagame Cup Championships |url=http://cecafafootball.org/kagame-cup-championships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921093900/http://cecafafootball.org/kagame-cup-championships/ |archive-date=2015-09-21 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=CECAFA}}</ref> Ikipe y'igihugu ntiragera kurutonde rw'abahatanira igikombe cy'isi . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Montague |first=James |year=2014 |title=Thirty-One Nil: On the Road With Football's Outsiders, A World Cup Odyssey |url=https://archive.org/details/thirtyonenilonro0000mont |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781408158845 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/thirtyonenilonro0000mont/page/67 67]}}</ref> Irushanwa rikomeye ryumupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda ni [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |last2=Kamasa |first2=Peter |date=18 October 2014 |title=Who will win the 2014/15 national football league? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-10-18/182075/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026042931/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-10-18/182075/ |archive-date=2014-10-26 |access-date=9 April 2015 |website=The New Times}}</ref> === Volleyball yo ku mucanga === U Rwanda rufite amakipe yigihugu ya Volleyball yoku mucanga yabagabo n'abagore. Muri Kamena 2021, umutoza mukuru wamakipe yombi yari Jean Paul Mana, wayoboye amahugurwa yabereye kumucanga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|wa Lake Kivu]] mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]] . <ref name="Sikubwabo" /> Mugikombe cyomuri 2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup Rwanda yarihagarariwe namakipe abiri mugice cy’abagore aribo Charlotte Nzayisenga na Valentine Munezero, ndetse na Benitha Mukandayisenga na Seraphine Mukantabana. Abakinnyi bigitsina gabo ni Olivier Ntagengwa, Patrick Kavalo Akumuntu, Venuste G amas na Fils Habanzintwari. <ref name="Sikubwabo" /> === Cricket === Cricket yavuzwe karumwe mumikino ikura vuba mu Rwanda. <ref name="Aglietti">{{Cite news |last=Aglietti |first=Stephanie |date=11 September 2014 |title=Rwanda cricket, growing a game of hope |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/rwanda-cricket-growing-game-hope-064714133--spt.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502192345/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/rwanda-cricket-growing-game-hope-064714133--spt.html |archive-date=2015-05-02 |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Yahoo Sports |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Uyu mukino watangiye gukundwa cyane mugihugu ubwo impunzi zagarukaga ziva muri Kenya, ahozari zarize gukina uyu mukino. <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2014 |title=Why cricket is gaining in popularity in Rwanda |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-20798480 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330191800/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20798480 |archive-date=2015-03-30 |access-date=8 April 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="Duncan">{{Cite book |last=Duncan |first=Isabelle |year=2013 |title=Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket |publisher=Robson Press |isbn=9781849545464 |location=London}}</ref> Ishyirahamwe ry’umukino wa Cricket mu Rwanda (RCA) ryashinzwe mu 1999 kandi ryemerwa n’Inama Mpuzamahanga ya Cricket muri 2003. Iterambere ryuyu mukino mu gihugu ryatewe inkunga numuryango wabagiraneza ukorera mu Bwongereza witwa [[Cricket Without Boundaries]], ugamije kunoza ubukangurambaga ku cyorezo cya SIDA binyuze mu mukino, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=10 February 2014 |title=Cricket Without Borders return to Rwanda |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-02-10/72992/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311225522/http://newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-02-10/72992 |archive-date=2016-03-11 |access-date=8 April 2015 |work=The New Times}}</ref> ndetse n’umuryango wa Marylebone Cricket Club Foundation. Uyumukino utera inkunga umushinga wo kubaka ikibuga cy’igihugu cya Cricket mu nkengero za Kigali. <ref name="Aglietti" /> <ref name="Duncan" /> Ubunyamuryango bw’u Rwanda muri Commonwealth bwashimiwe kuba bwarafashije gukurura umukino wa Cricket mu gihugu, aho abagabo nabagore bawukina mubigo by’imfubyi, amashuri, zakaminuza n’amakipe ya Cricket. <ref name="Duncan" /> [[Dosiye:MTB_cycling_2012_Olympics_M_cross-country_RWA_Adrien_Niyonshuti.jpg|right|thumb|Adrien Niyonshuti, "umwe mu bantu bazwi cyane mu Rwanda", <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 July 2012 |title=Niyonshuti to carry Rwandan flag in Olympic Games opening ceremony |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/niyonshuti-to-carry-rwandan-flag-in-olympic-games-opening-ceremony |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416042431/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/niyonshuti-to-carry-rwandan-flag-in-olympic-games-opening-ceremony |archive-date=2015-04-16 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=Cycling News}}</ref> yitabiriye irushanwa ryo gusiganwa ku magare mu misozi mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi ya 2012]] === Kugendera ku igare === Gusiganwa ku magare byakunze gufatwa nk'uburyo bwogutwara abantu mu Rwanda, ariko mu minsi ishize habayeho iterambere mu mikino yo gusiganwa ku magare mu gihugu. <ref name="Hoye">{{Cite book |last=Hoye |first=Russell |year=2015 |title=Sport Management: Principles and Applications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KL8cBgAAQBAJ&q=rwanda%20sport&pg=PA206 |last2=Smith |first2=Aaron C.T |last3=Nicholson |first3=Matthew |last4=Stewart |first4=Bob |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138839601 |edition=4th |location=Abingdon |page=206 |access-date=2015-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423112958/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KL8cBgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA206&dq=rwanda%20sport&pg=PA206 |archive-date=2015-04-23 |url-status=live}}</ref> Umukinnyi w'amagare yo mu misozi akaba numukinnyi w'amagare wo mu muhanda Adrien Niyonshuti yabaye Umunyarwanda wambere wasinye amasezerano y'umwuga nikipe mpuzamahanga y'amagare, yinjiye muri MTN Qhubeka mu 2009. Ikipe y'igihugu y'amagare, [[Team Rwanda]], yashinzwe muri 2007 n'Abanyamerika Jock Boyer, wahoze ari umukinnyi wamagare w'umwuga, na Tom Ritchey, rwiyemezamirimo wamagare. Ikipe ya Rwanda yanditswe mugitabo, ''Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team'' na filime, ''[[Rising from Ashes(firimi)|Rising from Ashes]]'' . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Robbins |first=Tom |date=9 August 2013 |title=Bumpy ride |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6478998a-fe85-11e2-b9b0-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414085947/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/6478998a-fe85-11e2-b9b0-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3WiiJ9yMf |archive-date=2015-04-14 |access-date=8 April 2015 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willgoss |first=Graham |date=30 October 2014 |title=Tour de Second Chance |url=http://www.sport-magazine.co.uk/features/tour-de-second-chance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150408122959/http://www.sport-magazine.co.uk/features/tour-de-second-chance |archive-date=8 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Sport}}</ref> [[Tour du Rwanda|Irushanwa rya Tour of Rwanda]] ryabaye bwambere muwi 1988. Mbere ya 2009, ryitabiriwe cyane cyane n'abanyamagare bomu gihugu n'abaturutse mubihugu by'abaturanyi, ariko mu mpera za 2008 ryemejwe na Union Cycliste Internationale kandi kuva muri 2009 ryashyizwe mw' irushanwa rya UCI Africa Tour . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Tim |year=2014 |title=Land of Second Chances: The Impossible Rise of Rwanda's Cycling Team |url=https://archive.org/details/landofsecondchan0000lewi_z7u7 |publisher=Yellow Jersey Press |isbn=9780224091770 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/landofsecondchan0000lewi_z7u7/page/179 179]}}</ref> [[Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare 2025|Shampiyona y'Isi ya UCI Road]] ryabereye murii Kigali muri Nzeri 2025. == Uruhare rwa siporo mu mibereho myiza == Siporo ifatwa nabamwe nk'uburyo bwo kugera kubwiyunge nyuma yamakimbirane mu Rwanda, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ntwari |first=Daniel S. |date=8 August 2014 |title=Documentary: Reconciliation and unity through football |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/Rwanda/News/Documentary--Reconciliation-and-unity-through-football-/-/1433218/2413082/-/c5rfavz/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414064149/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/Rwanda/News/Documentary--Reconciliation-and-unity-through-football-/-/1433218/2413082/-/c5rfavz/-/index.html |archive-date=2015-04-14 |access-date=8 April 2015 |work=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Sarah |date=27 August 2014 |title=The impact of football in post-genocide Rwanda |url=http://www.sportanddev.org/en/newsnviews/news/?7288/1/The-Impact-of-Football-in-post-genocide-Rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104647/http://www.sportanddev.org/en/newsnviews/news/?7288%2F1%2FThe-Impact-of-Football-in-post-genocide-Rwanda |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=9 April 2015 |publisher=sportanddev.org}}</ref> kandi imiryango myinshi igira uruhare mugukoresha siporo muguteza imbere ubwiyunge. <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=Beyond the World Cup: Genocide survivor harnesses power of football in Rwanda |url=http://hmd.org.uk/news/beyond-world-cup-genocide-survivor-harnesses-power-football-Rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315132259/http://hmd.org.uk/news/beyond-world-cup-genocide-survivor-harnesses-power-football-rwanda |archive-date=2015-03-15 |access-date=8 April 2015 |publisher=Holocaust Memorial Day Trust}}</ref> Politiki y'iterambere rya siporo y'igihugu irimo muntego zayo guteza imbere "ikoreshwa rya siporo nk'inzira ikomeye y'iterambere no kubaka amahoro", <ref name="SportDevPol"/> kandi guverinoma yiyemeje guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya siporo muzindi ntego zitandukanye z'iterambere, harimo n'uburezi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=McCracken |first=Kathryn |year=2014 |title=Strengthening Sport for Development and Peace: National Policies and Strategies |last2=Colucci |first2=Emma |publisher=Commonwealth Secretariat |isbn=9781848599123 |editor-last=Dudfield |editor-first=Oliver |location=London |pages=86–90 |chapter=Using sport and play to achieve educational objectives |chapter-url=http://www.cedol.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/7-Using-sport-and-play-to-achieve.pdf |access-date=2026-02-21 |archive-date=2015-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418093754/http://www.cedol.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/7-Using-sport-and-play-to-achieve.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Amasano yo hanze == * [https://www.fiteq.org/news/905 "U Rwanda na FITEQ bishimangira ubufatanye mu kuzamura iterambere rya Teqball no kwakira ibirori bikomeye"], FITEQ (14 Gicurasi 2025) [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] orazmpawzgrwd257drqd5lr4gs5e1t9 0 21605 149475 133710 2026-11-07T21:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irushanwa rya Kwibuka ry’abagore rya T20 ryo mu 2022''' ryarirushanwa rya Cricket ry’abagore rya T20I (WT20I) ryabereye mu [[Rwanda]] kuva kuya 9 kugeza kuya 18 Kamena 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Zimbabwe to participate in Kwibuka Women T20 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/cricket-zimbabwe-participate-kwibuka-women-t20 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Iri ryari irushanwa rya munani rya Kwibuka T20 ribera buri mwaka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lameck Onyango Ngoche appointed Kenya head coach |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/cricket-kenya-has-appointed-former-international-lameck-onyango-ngoche-as-the-interim-head-coach-of-the-national-team |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=Women's Criczone |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416153641/https://www.womenscriczone.com/cricket-kenya-has-appointed-former-international-lameck-onyango-ngoche-as-the-interim-head-coach-of-the-national-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ryakinwe bwambere muri 2014 murwego rwo kwibuka abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] muwi 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Cricket Association embarks on Kwibuka T20 preparations |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/rwanda-cricket-association-embarks-kwibuka-t20-preparations |access-date=21 April 2021 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Imikino yakinwe ahantu habiri mumujyi wa [[Kigali]] - [[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Sitade Mpuzamahanga ya Cricket ya Gahanga]] na [[Ikibuga cya Cricket cya Polytechnic College kigali|IPRC Cricket Ground]] . <ref name="series">{{Cite web |title=Cricket: 11 countries set for Kwibuka Women T20 tourney |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/cricket-11-countries-set-kwibuka-women-t20-tourney |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Kenya niyo yari igikombe cy’abakandida, nyuma yo kwegukana irushanwa rya 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cause for optimism as Kenya women win Kwibuka T20 title |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/women-in-sports/2001415640/cause-for-optimism-as-kenya-women-win-kwibuka-t20-title |access-date=14 June 2021 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Ni ku nshuro yakane Kenya yegukanye irirushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetoto floors Namibia as allround Kenya romp to yet another Kwibuka T20 triumph |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/wetoto-floors-namibia-as-allround-kenya-romp-to-yet-another-kwibuka-t20-triumph |access-date=12 June 2021 |website=Women's CricZone |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613043619/https://www.womenscriczone.com/wetoto-floors-namibia-as-allround-kenya-romp-to-yet-another-kwibuka-t20-triumph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amakipe cumi n'umwe yatangajwe ko azitabira uyumwaka, ugereranyije n'andi atanu muri 2021, bigaragaza ko irushanwa rya Kwibuka rikomeje kwiyongera nokumenyekana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=11 Teams to compete in Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament 2022 |url=https://femalecricket.com/kwibuka-t20-womens-cricket-tournament/23866-11-teams-to-compete-in-kwibuka-womens-t20-tournament-2022.html |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=Female Cricket}}</ref> Amakipe yemejwe mbere kazitabira ni u Rwanda rwakiriye imikino, Kenya yatwaye igikombe, Tanzania na Uganda zabanje kwegukana igikombe, ndetse na Botswana, Nijeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka T20 Tournament, featuring eight nations, to be held from 9th to 18th June |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20i-tournament-set-to-feature-eight-countries |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601082621/https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20i-tournament-set-to-feature-eight-countries |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=Women's CricZone}}</ref> bagaragaye bwa mbere mw'irushanwa rya Kwibuka, Brezili, Ubudage, Ghana, Sierra Leone na Zimbabwe . <ref name="series"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zim to participate in Rwanda Women T20 |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/04/zim-to-participate-in-rwanda-women-t20/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=News Day}}</ref> Ariko, irushanwa ryaje kugabanuka rigera ku makipe umunani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to play Uganda in Kwibuka T20 opener |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/rwanda-play-uganda-kwibuka-t20-opener |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Iri ryarirushanwa ryambere rya Kwibuka ryahuje amakipe aturutse hanze ya Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka tournament underway in Rwanda |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000661.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206122005/https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000661.shtml |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Cricket Europe}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka Tournament 2022 preview |url=https://www.talkinaboutwomenscricket.com/t20/kwibuka-tournament-2022-preview/ |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Talkin' About Women's Cricket}}</ref> Nyuma y'iminsi itatu yambere y'imikino, Kenya na Nijeriya ntibyatsinzwe, buri kimwe kine kine kinesha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and Kenya win again in Kwibuka tournament |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000666.shtml |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Cricket Europe |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926200928/https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000666.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and Kenya still unbeaten in Kwibuka tournament |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000674.shtml |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=Cricket Europe |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926185923/https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000674.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kumunsi wakane, Tanzania yakomeje amateka yayo 100% itsinda Abanyakenya, kandi izamuka kumwanya wambere nyuma y'uko Nijeriya itsinzwe bwambere nyuma yo gutsindwa na Uganda kumanota 43 gusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka tournament continues in Rwanda |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000683.shtml |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=Cricket Europe |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926182507/https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000006/000683.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma y'uko imikino yo gusiganwa kumaguru irangiye, Kenya na Tanzania itaratsindwa byaje kwegukana itike yokujya kumukino w nyuma, mugihe ikipe yakiriye iyi mikino yatsinze Uganda kumwanya wagatatu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Rwanda to battle Uganda for 3rd place finish |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/cricket-rwanda-battle-uganda-3rd-place-finish |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Kumunsi wa mbere w'imikino yanyuma, Ubudage bwatsinze Botswana burangiza kumwanya wa karindwi, naho Nijeriya itsinda Brezili irangiza kumwanya wa gatanu murirusange. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka T20: Nigeria thump Brazil to finish 5th; Germany 7th after outplaying Botswana |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-nigeria-thump-brazil-to-finish-5th-germany-7th-after-outplaying-botswana |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206121950/https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-nigeria-thump-brazil-to-finish-5th-germany-7th-after-outplaying-botswana |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=17 June 2022 |website=Women's CricZone}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Golden Eagles in Rwanda |url=https://www.cricket.de/die-golden-eagles-in-ruanda/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=German Cricket Federation}}</ref> Ku munsi wanyuma w'irushanwa, Uganda yatsinze u Rwanda irangiza kumwanya wagatatu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanzania beat Kenya to win Kwibuka tournament |url=https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000007/000735.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618144725/https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2022/articles/000007/000735.shtml |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=CricketEurope}}</ref> na Tanzania itsinda Kenya kumukino wanyuma itwara irushanwa kunshuro yakabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka T20: Tanzania brush aside defending champions Kenya to win second title |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-tanzania-brush-aside-defending-champions-kenya-to-win-second-title |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618144508/https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-tanzania-brush-aside-defending-champions-kenya-to-win-second-title |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Women's CricZone}}</ref> Tanzaniya yari yatwaye irushanwa mugihe yari imaze gukina muri 2019, ariko ntiyashoboye kurwanira igikombe muri 2021 kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Tanzania crowned 2022 Kwibuka Women T20 champions |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/cricket-tanzania-crowned-2022-kwibuka-women-t20-champions |access-date=19 June 2022 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Amatsinda == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; margin:auto" ! Botswana<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's cricket team head to Rwanda |url=https://www.thegazette.news/sport/womens-cricket-team-head-to-rwanda/ |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Botswana Gazette}}</ref> ! Brazil ! Germany<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kader der frauen für Ruanda turnier bekanntgegeben! |trans-title=Women's squad for Rwanda tournament announced! |url=https://www.cricket.de/kader-der-frauen-fuer-ruanda-turnier-bekanntgegeben/ |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=German Cricket Federation |language=German}}</ref> ! Kenya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka tournament a step to great things for women cricket |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/2022-05-24-kwibuka-tournament-a-step-to-great-things-for-women-cricket/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=The Star}}</ref> |- | valign="top" | * Laura Mophakedi (c, wk) * Olebogeng Batisani * Onneile Keitsemang * Oratile Kgeresi * Thandiwe Legabile * Amantle Letuba * Goabilwe Matome * Thapelo Modise * Shameelah Mosweu * Tebogo Motlhabaphuti * Katlego Mpuang * Mimmie Ramafifi * Florence Samanyika * Tuelo Shadrack | valign="top" | * Roberta Moretti Avery (c) * Laura Agatha * Marianne Artur * Laura Cardoso * Evelyn de Souza (wk) * Renata de Sousa * Lara Moises * Nicole Monteiro * Carolina Nascimento * Maria Ribeiro * Maria Silva * Daniella Staddon * Lindsay Vilas Boas | valign="top" | * Anuradha Doddaballapur (c) * Milena Beresford * Stephanie Frohnmayer * Christina Gough * Wilhelmina Hornero-Garcia * Asmita Kohli * Shravya Kolcharam * Sharmaine Mannan * Suzanne McAnanama-Brereton * Antonia Meyenborg * Janet Ronalds * Sharanya Sadarangani (wk) * Karthika Vijayaraghavan (wk) * Peris Wadenpohl | valign="top" | * Queentor Abel (c) * Sharon Juma (vc, wk) * Veronica Abuga * Josephine Abwom * Lavendah Idambo * Melvin Khagoitsa * Mary Mwangi * Monicah Ndhambi * Daisy Njoroge * Mercyline Ochieng * Flavia Odhiambo * Kelvia Ogola * Venasa Ooko * Esther Wachira * Sarah Wetoto |- ! Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCF Release final list of players for the Kwibuka Women’s tournament in Rwanda |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2022/06/05/ncf-release-final-list-of-players-for-the-kwibuka-womens-tournament-in-rwanda/ |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=Nigeria Cricket Federation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605234038/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2022/06/05/ncf-release-final-list-of-players-for-the-kwibuka-womens-tournament-in-rwanda/ |archive-date=5 June 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ! Rwanda ! Tanzania<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka Tournament 2022 |url=https://www.facebook.com/100912618082627/posts/555175819322969/ |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Tanzania Cricket Association (via Facebook)}}</ref> ! Uganda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pearls take on Kwibuka challenge |url=http://www.ugandacricket.com/index.php/international-competition/76-men-s-cricket/886-victoria-pearls-take-on-kwibuka-challenge |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=Uganda Cricket |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612194348/http://www.ugandacricket.com/index.php/international-competition/76-men-s-cricket/886-victoria-pearls-take-on-kwibuka-challenge |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | valign="top" | * Blessing Etim (c) * Favour Eseigbe (vc) * Kehinde Abdulquadri * Taiwo Abdulqadri * Rukayat Abdulrasak * Omonye Asika * Sarah Etim (wk) * Chinyenum George * Abigail Igbobie (wk) * Miracle Imimole * Agatha Obulor * Racheal Samson * Esther Sandy * Salome Sunday * Lillian Udeh | valign="top" | * Marie Bimenyimana (c) * Sifa Ingabire * Alice Ikuzwe * Flora Irakoze * Gisele Ishimwe * Henriette Ishimwe * Immaculee Muhawenimana * Belise Murekatete * Josiane Nyirankundineza * Cathia Uwamahoro * Clarisse Uwase * Merveille Uwase (wk) * Sarah Uwera (wk) * Margueritte Vumiliya | valign="top" | * Fatuma Kibasu (c) * Nasra Saidi (vc) * Zinaida Jeremiah * Sophia Jerome * Perice Kamunya * Linda Massawe (wk) * Shufaa Mohamedi (wk) * Saum Mtae * Hudaa Omary * Tabu Omary * Neema Pius * Agnes Qwele * Tatu Shabani * Mwanaidi Swedy | valign="top" | * Concy Aweko (c) * Janet Mbabazi (vc) * Sarah Akiteng * Evelyn Anyipo * Kevin Awino (wk) * Leona Babirye * Naome Bagenda * Susan Kakai * Phiona Kulume * Patricia Malemikia * Rita Musamali * Gloria Obukor * Shakirah Sadick * Sarah Walaza |} == Robini y'uruziga == === Imbonerahamwe y'amanota ===     Advanced to [[2022 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#Final|the final]]   Advanced to [[2022 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#3rd-place play-off|the third-place play-off]]   Advanced to [[2022 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#5th-place play-off|the fifth-place play-off]]   Advanced to [[2022 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#7th-place play-off|the seventh-place play-off]] === Imikino === ==== Umunsi wa mbere ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=9 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=68 (19.1 overs)|runs1=Margueritte Vumiliya 16 (11)|wickets1=[[Concy Aweko]] 2/12 (4 overs)|score2=69/4 (14 overs)|runs2=Gloria Obukor 34[[not out|*]] (45)|wickets2=Belise Murekatete 1/9 (2 overs)|result=Uganda won by 6 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318373.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=[[Concy Aweko]] (Uga)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=9 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|BOT}}|score1=137/6 (20 overs)|runs1=Sarah Wetoto 33 (20)|wickets1=Florence Samanyika 2/15 (4 overs)|score2=102/7 (20 overs)|runs2=Thapelo Modise 61[[not out|*]] (59)|wickets2=Mary Mwangi 3/18 (3 overs)|result=Kenya won by 35 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318374.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Mary Mwangi (Ken)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Oratile Kgeresi (Bot) made her WT20I debut. * Mary Mwangi became the first bowler for Kenya to [[List of women's Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks#Hat-tricks|take a hat-trick in WT20Is]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/581290.html|title=Records, Women's Twenty20 Internationals, Bowling records, Hat-tricks |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=9 June 2022}}</ref>}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=9 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BRA}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=53 (15.2 overs)|runs1=Evelyn de Souza 12 (22)|wickets1=Rukayat Abdulrasak 4/9 (3.2 overs)|score2=56/2 (10.5 overs)|runs2=Salome Sunday 22[[not out|*]] (17)|wickets2=Nicole Monteiro 1/4 (3 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 8 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318375.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=Favour Eseigbe (Nga)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Carolina Nascimento, Maria Silva (Bra) and Rukayat Abdulrasak (Nga) all made their WT20I debuts.}} ==== Umunsi wa kabiri ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=96/8 (20 overs)|runs1=Leona Babirye 20 (36)|wickets1=Lavendah Idambo 3/13 (4 overs)|score2=97/7 (19.4 overs)|runs2=Veronica Abuga 29 (44)|wickets2=Evelyn Anyipo 3/13 (4 overs)<br/>Patricia Malemikia 3/13 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 3 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318376.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and John Mayeku (Uga)|motm=Lavendah Idambo (Ken)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|TAN}}|team2={{crw|BOT}}|score1=119/4 (20 overs)|runs1=Fatuma Kibasu 44 (51)|wickets1=Florence Samanyika 2/20 (4 overs)|score2=62 (16 overs)|runs2=Thandiwe Legabile 12[[not out|*]] (14)|wickets2=Zinaida Jeremiah 4/14 (4 overs)|result=Tanzania won by 57 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318377.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=Zinaida Jeremiah (Tan)|toss=Tanzania won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Agnes Qwele (Tan) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|BRA}}|score1=124/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 29[[not out|*]] (36)|wickets1=Maria Ribeiro 3/28 (4 overs)|score2=88/8 (20 overs)|runs2=Evelyn de Souza 35 (54)|wickets2=Margueritte Vumiliya 2/17 (4 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 36 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318378.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Brazil won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Clarisse Uwase (Rwa) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|GER}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=78/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Christina Gough]] 28 (49)|wickets1=Rachael Samson 4/13 (4 overs)|score2=79/5 (13.4 overs)|runs2=Salome Sunday 32 (40)|wickets2=Asmita Kohli 4/16 (3 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 5 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318379.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=Rachael Samson (Nga)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Wilhelmina Hornero-Garcia and Shravya Kolcharam (Ger) both made their WT20I debuts.}} ==== Umunsi wa gatatu ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BRA}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=117/8 (20 overs)|runs1=Daniella Staddon 29 (43)|wickets1=Suzanne McAnanama-Brereton 3/12 (3 overs)|score2=109/9 (20 overs)|runs2=Asmita Kohli 31 (36)|wickets2=Renata de Sousa 1/13 (4 overs)|result=Brazil won by 8 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318380.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Renata de Sousa (Bra)|toss=Germany won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Sharmaine Mannan (Ger) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|TAN}}|score1=106/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Kevin Awino]] 55[[not out|*]] (69)|wickets1=Nasra Saidi 2/12 (4 overs)|score2=107/5 (17.3 overs)|runs2=Saum Mtae 26 (27)|wickets2=Sarah Akiteng 3/23 (4 overs)|result=Tanzania won by 5 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318381.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=Perice Kamunya (Tan)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=113/4 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 56[[not out|*]] (56)|wickets1=[[Queentor Abel]] 1/11 (3 overs)|score2=114/6 (19.4 overs)|runs2=Venasa Ooko 57[[not out|*]] (55)|wickets2=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 2/19 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 4 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318382.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Venasa Ooko (Ken)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=88/5 (20 overs)|runs1=Tuelo Shadrack 26[[not out|*]] (29)|wickets1=Favour Eseigbe 2/8 (4 overs)|score2=89/3 (15.2 overs)|runs2=Omonye Asika 33[[not out|*]] (50)|wickets2=Shameelah Mosweu 2/13 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 7 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318383.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=Favour Eseigbe (Nga)|toss=Botswana won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Sarah Etim (Nga) made her WT20I debut.}} ==== Umunsi wa kane ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|TAN}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=153/4 (20 overs)|runs1=Saum Mtae 44 (29)|wickets1=[[Queentor Abel]] 3/21 (4 overs)|score2=115 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Queentor Abel]] 44 (37)|wickets2=Agnes Qwele 2/13 (3 overs|result=Tanzania won by 38 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318384.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=Nasra Saidi (Tan)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=130/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Marie Bimenyimana]] 35 (44)|wickets1=[[Stephanie Frohnmayer]] 2/16 (3 overs)|score2=78/7 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Christina Gough]] 26 (30)|wickets2=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 3/16 (4 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 52 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318385.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Germany won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|BRA}}|score1=113 (19.2 overs)|runs1=Shameelah Mosweu 22 (34)|wickets1=Maria Ribeiro 3/14 (3.2 overs)|score2=116/5 (19 overs)|runs2=[[Roberta Moretti Avery]] 52[[not out|*]] (31)|wickets2=Thandiwe Legabile 2/20 (2 overs)|result=Brazil won by 5 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318386.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Roberta Moretti Avery]] (Bra)|toss=Brazil won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|NGA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=43 (16.4 overs)|runs1=Favour Eseigbe 11 (30)|wickets1=Patricia Malemikia 5/6 (4 overs)|score2=44/1 (8.4 overs)|runs2=[[Janet Mbabazi]] 26[[not out|*]] (30)|wickets2=Rukayat Abdulrasak 1/14 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 9 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318387.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Patricia Malemikia (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Patricia Malemikia (Uga) took her first [[List of five-wicket hauls in women's Twenty20 International cricket|five-wicket haul in WT20Is]].<ref name="5WH">{{cite web|title=Five-wicket hauls in WT20I matches – Innings by innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=10;filter=advanced;orderby=start;size=100;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref>}} ==== Umunsi wa gatanu ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=13 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|TAN}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=147/7 (20 overs)|runs1=Fatuma Kibasu 51 (43)|wickets1=[[Christina Gough]] 2/25 (3 overs)|score2=89/7 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Christina Gough]] 41 (50)|wickets2=Zinaida Jeremiah 2/8 (4 overs)|result=Tanzania won by 58 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318388.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Nasra Saidi (Tan)|toss=Germany won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa gatandatu ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=119/5 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Queentor Abel]] 47 (50)|wickets1=Rukayat Abdulrasak 2/23 (4 overs)|score2=77/4 (20 overs)|runs2=Salome Sunday 36[[not out|*]] (47)|wickets2=Sarah Wetoto 1/18 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 42 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318389.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Sarah Wetoto (Ken)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Kelvia Ogola (Ken) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|TAN}}|score1=93/7 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Marie Bimenyimana]] 32[[not out|*]] (39)|wickets1=Tabu Omary 4/8 (4 overs)|score2=94/5 (15.1 overs)|runs2=Hudaa Omary 34[[not out|*]] (31)|wickets2=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 2/11 (3.1 overs)|result=Tanzania won by 5 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318390.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Tabu Omary (Tan)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=92 (19.2 overs)|runs1=Oratile Kgeresi 16 (14)|wickets1=[[Sharanya Sadarangani]] 3/8 (4 overs)|score2=75 (14 overs)|runs2=[[Janet Ronalds]] 12 (17)|wickets2=Onneile Keitsemang 4/21 (4 overs)|result=Botswana won by 17 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318391.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Onneile Keitsemang (Bot)|toss=Germany won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|BRA}}|score1=141/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Kevin Awino]] 69 (63)|wickets1=Nicole Monteiro 4/46 (4 overs)|score2=57 (17.5 overs)|runs2=Lindsay Vilas Boas 31 (46)|wickets2=[[Janet Mbabazi]] 3/8 (3.5 overs)|result=Uganda won by 84 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318392.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Temitope Onikoyi (Nga) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Kevin Awino]] (Uga)|toss=Brazil won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa karindwi ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=91/7 (20 overs)|runs1=Laura Mophakedi 22 (21)|wickets1=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 2/14 (4 overs)|score2=93/4 (16.4 overs)|runs2=Cathia Uwamahoro 27 (28)|wickets2=Tuelo Shadrack 1/7 (1 over)|result=Rwanda won by 6 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318393.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Botswana won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=213/1 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Kevin Awino]] 95[[not out|*]] (61)|wickets1=[[Christina Gough]] 1/16 (1.4 overs)|score2=46 (18.5 overs)|runs2=Asmita Kohli 9 (11)|wickets2=Sarah Akiteng 4/3 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 167 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318394.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Sarah Akiteng (Uga)|toss=Germany won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ---- ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|BRA}}|score1=184/3 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Queentor Abel]] 51 (35)|wickets1=Carolina Nascimento 1/29 (2 overs)|score2=82 (18.3 overs)|runs2=Renata de Sousa 26 (38)|wickets2=Mercyline Ochieng 3/11 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 102 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318396.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Sarah Wetoto (Ken)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa munani ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=35 (18.5 overs)|runs1=Thandiwe Legabile 7[[not out|*]] (18)|wickets1=[[Concy Aweko]] 3/5 (3.5 overs)|score2=36/1 (7.3 overs)|runs2=[[Kevin Awino]] 18[[not out|*]] (20)|wickets2=Florence Samanyika 1/15 (2 overs)|result=Uganda won by 9 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318397.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Janet Mbabazi]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda Women won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Amantle Letuba (Bot) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=91/7 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Sarah Uwera]] 32 (42)|wickets1=Chinyenum George 3/18 (4 overs)|score2=68/6 (20 overs)|runs2=Blessing Etim 29[[not out|*]] (47)|wickets2=[[Marie Bimenyimana]] 2/17 (4 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 23 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318398.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Marie Bimenyimana]] (Rwa)|toss=Nigeria Women won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=119/5 (20 overs)|runs1=Queentor Abel 24 (24)|wickets1=[[Sharanya Sadarangani]] 1/17 (4 overs)|score2=75/4 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Christina Gough]] 47[[not out|*]] (51)|wickets2=[[Queentor Abel]] 1/16 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 44 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318399.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Queentor Abel]] (Ken)<!--According to [https://twitter.com/GoldenEagles_DE/status/1537477410853199872 Cricket Germany], Gough was Potm. Cricheroes gives potm based purely on an equation, and CI copies from there-->|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Josephine Abwom (Ken) made her WT20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BRA}}|team2={{crw|TAN}}|score1=57 (19.1 overs)|runs1=[[Laura Cardoso]] 17 (18)|wickets1=Tabu Omary 3/9 (3.1 overs)|score2=58/0 (7.3 overs)|runs2=Shufaa Mohamedi 24[[not out|*]] (22)|wickets2=|result=Tanzania won by 10 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318400.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Tabu Omary (Tan)|toss=Brazil won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} == Imikino ya nyuma y'imikino == === Amarushanwa yo guhatanira umwanya wa 7 === {{Single-innings cricket match|date=17 June 2022|time=09:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|GER}}|score1=107/4 (20 overs)|runs1=Florence Samanyika 41 (61)|wickets1=[[Stephanie Frohnmayer]] 2/19 (4 overs)|score2=108/4 (16.1 overs)|runs2=Wilhelmina Hornero-Garcia 38[[not out|*]] (35)|wickets2=Florence Samanyika 2/20 (4 overs)|result=Germany won by 6 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318401.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Stephanie Frohnmayer]] (Ger)<!--Wilhelmina Hornero-Garcia according to Cricket Germany socials-->|toss=Botswana won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} === Umukino wo guhatanira umwanya wa 5 === {{Single-innings cricket match|date=17 June 2022|time=13:30|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|NGA}}|team2={{crw|BRA}}|score1=113/4 (20 overs)|runs1=Salome Sunday 32 (29)|wickets1=Carolina Nascimento 1/15 (4 overs)|score2=83/7 (20 overs)|runs2=[[Laura Cardoso (cricketer)|Laura Cardoso]] 31[[not out|*]] (43)|wickets2=Racheal Samson 1/5 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 30 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318402.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Eric Dusabemungu (Rwa) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=Chinyenum George (Nga)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} === Umukino wo guhatanira umwanya wa gatatu === {{Single-innings cricket match|date=18 June 2022|time=09:00|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=50 (17.2 overs)|runs1=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 12 (16)|wickets1=[[Concy Aweko]] 3/7 (3 overs)|score2=54/2 (9.4 overs)|runs2=[[Rita Musamali]] 17[[not out|*]] (26)|wickets2=Belise Murekatete 2/20 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 8 wickets|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318403.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Temitope Onikoyi (Nga) and Vicky Prajapati (Rwa)|motm=[[Concy Aweko]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} === Umusozo === {{Single-innings cricket match|date=18 June 2022|time=13:00|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|TAN}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=114 (20 overs)|runs1=Perice Kamunya 29 (24)|wickets1=[[Queentor Abel]] 2/19 (4 overs)|score2=70 (20 overs)|runs2=Esther Wachira 17 (34)|wickets2=Nasra Saidi 3/12 (4 overs)|result=Tanzania won by 44 runs|report=[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1318404.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=John Mayeku (Uga) and Itangishaka Olivier (Rwa)|motm=Perice Kamunya (Tan)|toss=Tanzania won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} dmazup72saeczh4zne0sfs215qdwmcb 0 21606 149476 141969 2026-11-07T21:56:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irushanwa rya Kwibuka ry’abagore rya T20 ryo muri 2023''' ryariirushanwa mpuzamahanga rya Twenty20 (T20I) ryabereye mu [[Rwanda]] kuva kwi 10 kugeza kuri 17 Kamena 2023. <ref name="series">{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Kwibuka Women’s T20 tourney due in June |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/7705/sports/cricket/cricket-kwibuka-womens-t20-tourney-due-in-june |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Ryari irushanwa rya cyenda rya Kwibuka T20 ribera buri mwaka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka Women's Tournament Attracts Five Nations |url=https://emergingcricket.com/news/kwibuka-womens-tournament-attracts-five-nations/ |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=Emerging Cricket}}</ref> ryakinwe bwambere muri 2014 muri rwego rwo kwibuka abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] muwi 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Musaale tips Rwanda women to break Kwibuka T20 title jinx |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6634/sports/cricket/musaale-tips-rwanda-women-to-break-kwibuka-t20-title-jinx |access-date=13 April 2023 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Tanzaniya yari yatwaye irushanwa rya 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka T20: Tanzania brush aside defending champions Kenya to win second title |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-tanzania-brush-aside-defending-champions-kenya-to-win-second-title |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618144508/https://www.womenscriczone.com/kwibuka-t20-tanzania-brush-aside-defending-champions-kenya-to-win-second-title |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Women's CricZone}}</ref> ariko ntibitabiriye irushanwa ryo muri 2023, ryari ririmo u Rwanda, Botswana, Kenya, Nijeriya na Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pearls favourites at Kwibuka Tournament |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/06/08/victoria-pearls-favourites-at-kwibuka-tournament/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Nijeriya yatangiye neza, itsinda imikino yayo itatu yambere itunguranye, ifata umwanya wambere mw' irushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria defeat Rwanda, Botswana, Kenya, top Kwibuka Women Cricket table |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/nigeria-defeat-rwanda-botswana-kenya-top-kwibuka-women-cricket-table/ |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ikipe ya round-robin yari ihanganye cyane, amaherezo ikipe yakiriye imikino na Nijeriya mw' irushanwa ryo kwegukana umwanya wa kabiri kumukino wanyuma inyuma ya Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka T20: Uganda women remain unbeaten, Rwanda avenge Nigeria loss |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8270/sports/cricket/kwibuka-t20-uganda-women-remain-unbeaten-rwanda-avenge-nigeria-loss |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=New Times Rwanda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Nigeria, Rwanda jostle for Kwibuka final spot |url=https://punchng.com/cricket-nigeria-rwanda-jostle-for-kwibuka-final-spot/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Punch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pearls reach Kwibuka Final after routine win over Rwanda |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/06/15/victoria-pearls-reach-kwibuka-final-after-routine-win-over-rwanda/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Uganda niyo yayoboye urutonde rw'imikino, itsinda imikino irindwi yambere ya round-robin, mbere yo gutsindwa na Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Female Yellow Greens end Victoria Pearls' unbeaten run at Kwibuka |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/06/16/female-yellow-greens-end-victoria-pearls-unbeaten-run-at-kwibuka/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> U Rwanda rwatsinze Uganda kumukino wanyuma muburyo butunguranye kumanota 6. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda deny Victoria Pearls third Kwibuka title |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/06/17/rwanda-deny-victoria-pearls-third-kwibuka-title/ |access-date=17 June 2023 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria Pearls positive albeit sad ending to Kwibuka Women’s T20 Tournament |url=https://sportsoceanuganda.com/2023/06/17/victoria-pearls-positive-albeit-sad-ending-to-kwibuka-womens-t20-tournament/ |access-date=17 June 2023 |website=Sports Ocean |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205161440/https://sportsoceanuganda.com/2023/06/17/victoria-pearls-positive-albeit-sad-ending-to-kwibuka-womens-t20-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyi niyo ntsinzi yambere u Rwanda rutsinze Uganda, ikaba ari n'inshuro yambere rutsindira irushanwa rya Kwibuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Rwanda women end nine-year Kwibuka T20 title jinx |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8347/sports/cricket/cricket-rwanda-women-end-nine-year-kwibuka-t20-title-jinx |access-date=17 June 2023 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nhamburo attributes Kwibuka women’s T20 triumph to hard work |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8354/sports/cricket/nhamburo-attributes-kwibuka-womens-t20-triumph-to-hard-work |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Amatsinda == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; margin:auto" ! Botswana<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana have named the men and women's squads that leave today for Kenya and Uganda respectively |url=https://www.facebook.com/cricketbotswana/posts/pfbid09oPofSz877sU8tK9VfiXqVJ2zxwbLj95xEAJZqP5zPNuwyp1jmjW37AY44ri485Yl |access-date=7 June 2023 |website=Botswana Cricket Association (via Facebook)}}</ref> ! Kenya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ndege injects new blood in national women's cricket team ahead of Kwibuka |url=https://www.kbc.co.ke/ndege-injects-new-blood-in-national-womens-cricket-team-ahead-of-kwibuka/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=KBC}}</ref> ! Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCF announces final squad list for Kwibuka Women's tournament in Rwanda |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2023/06/08/ncf-announces-final-squad-list-for-kwibuka-womens-tournament-in-rwanda/ |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Nigeria Cricket Federation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608153812/https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2023/06/08/ncf-announces-final-squad-list-for-kwibuka-womens-tournament-in-rwanda/ |archive-date=8 June 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ! Rwanda ! Uganda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two debutants on Victoria Pearls squad for Kwibuka |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/05/30/two-debutants-on-victoria-pearls-squad-for-kwibuka/ |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> |- | valign="top" | * Laura Mophakedi (c, wk) * Mercy Dipogiso (wk) * Onneile Keitsemang * Oratile Kgeresi * Pako Mapotsane * Goabilwe Matome * Thapelo Modise * Amantle Mokgotlhe * Shameelah Mosweu * Tebogo Motlhabaphuti * Merapelo Phiase * Florence Samanyika * Goitseone Setshwane * Tuelo Shadrack | valign="top" | * Esther Wachira (c) * Melvin Khagoitsa (vc) * Queentor Abel * Judith Ajiambo * Lavendah Idambo * Marion Juma * Charity Muthoni (wk) * Mary Mwangi * Lynz Nabwire * Monicah Ndhambi * Flavia Odhiambo * Kelvia Ogola * Venasa Ooko * Ann Wanjira | valign="top" | * Blessing Etim (c) * Favour Eseigbe (vc) * Rukayat Abdulrasak * Adeshola Adekunle * Peculiar Agboya * Omonye Asika * Sarah Etim (wk) * Abigail Igbobie (wk) * Agatha Obulor * Oseyende Omonkhobio * Lucky Piety * Rachael Samson * Esther Sandy * Salome Sunday | valign="top" | * Marie Bimenyimana (c) * Sifa Ingabire * Alice Ikuzwe * Rosine Irera * Gisele Ishimwe * Henriette Ishimwe * Immaculee Muhawenimana * Belise Murekatete * Josiane Nyirankundineza * Clarisse Uwase * Geovanis Uwase (wk) * Merveille Uwase (wk) * Sarah Uwera (wk) * Margueritte Vumiliya | valign="top" | * Concy Aweko (c) * Prosscovia Alako * Irene Alumo * Lorna Anyait * Evelyn Anyipo * Malisa Ariokot * Kevin Awino (wk) * Mohammed Jimia * Phiona Kulume * Patricia Malemikia * Janet Mbabazi * Rita Musamali * Immaculate Nakisuuyi * Stephani Nampiina |} == Robini y'uruziga == === Imbonerahamwe y'amanota ===     Advanced to the [[2023 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#Final|final]]   Advanced to the [[2023 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament#3rd place play-off|3rd place play-off]] === Imikino === ==== Umunsi wa mbere ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|BOT}}|score1=66 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Marie Bimenyimana]] 19 (39)|wickets1=Shameelah Mosweu 2/11 (4 overs)|score2=46 (19.5 overs)|runs2=Florence Samanyika 17 (41)|wickets2=Rosine Irera 3/8 (4 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 20 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380688.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and Veronique Iriho (Rwa)|motm=Belise Murekatete (Rwa)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Pako Mapotsane (Bot) made her T20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|BOT}}|score1=88/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Rita Musamali]] 34[[not out|*]] (39)|wickets1=Florence Samanyika 4/16 (4 overs)|score2=60/9 (20 overs)|runs2=Thapelo Modise 18 (37)|wickets2=Irene Alumo 3/9 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 28 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380689.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Rita Musamali]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Merapelo Phiase (Bot) and Malisa Ariokot (Uga) both made their T20I debuts.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=10 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=87/7 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 30 (39)|wickets1=Adeshola Adekunle 2/13 (3 overs)|score2=88/4 (18.2 overs)|runs2=Salome Sunday 47[[not out|*]] (57)|wickets2=Immaculee Muhawenimana 2/20 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 6 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380690.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and John Mayeku (Uga)|motm=Salome Sunday (Nga)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa kabiri ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2023|time=09:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=91/7 (20 overs)|runs1=Venasa Ooko 30 (23)|wickets1=Josiane Nyirankundineza 2/12 (4 overs)|score2=95/2 (15.5 overs)|runs2=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 49[[not out|*]] (36)|wickets2=Lavendah Idambo 1/7 (3 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 8 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380691.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=97/6 (20 overs)|runs1=Shameelah Mosweu 26 (52)|wickets1=Favour Eseigbe 2/14 (3 overs)|score2=98/4 (16.2 overs)|runs2=Blessing Etim 26 (22)|wickets2=Goabilwe Matome 2/13 (3.2 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 6 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380692.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Veronique Iriho (Rwa) and John Mayeku (Uga)|motm=Lucky Piety (Nga)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2023|time=13:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=80/8 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 33 (41)|wickets1=Evelyn Anyipo 4/1 (4 overs)|score2=84/3 (18.1 overs)|runs2=[[Kevin Awino]] 34 (49)|wickets2=Margueritte Vumiliya 2/16 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 7 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380693.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Evelyn Anyipo (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Lorna Anyait (Uga) made her T20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=11 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=95/4 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Queentor Abel]] 51 (55)|wickets1=Favour Eseigbe 2/16 (4 overs)|score2=98/7 (16.4 overs)|runs2=Lucky Piety 32[[not out|*]] (27)|wickets2=[[Queentor Abel]] 3/11 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 3 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380694.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Veronique Iriho (Rwa) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=Lucky Piety (Nga)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}}{{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|NGA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=100/5 (20 overs)|runs1=Esther Sandy 52 (39)|wickets1=Evelyn Anyipo 2/14 (4 overs)|score2=101/5 (18.2 overs)|runs2=[[Immaculate Nakisuuyi]] 31 (20)|wickets2=Favour Eseigbe 2/19 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 5 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380695.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=[[Stephani Nampiina]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=12 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=51 (17.1 overs)|runs1=Laura Mophakedi 11 (36)|wickets1=Esther Wachira 3/3 (2.1 overs)|score2=57/2 (10.5 overs)|runs2=[[Queentor Abel]] 40[[not out|*]] (32)|wickets2=Shameelah Mosweu 2/17 (2.5 overs)|result=Kenya won by 8 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380696.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and John Mayeku (Uga)|motm=Melvin Khagoitsa (Ken)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa kane ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=13 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=85 (19 overs)|runs1=[[Stephani Nampiina]] 37 (36)|wickets1=Flavia Odhiambo 4/16 (4 overs)|score2=72 (18.2 overs)|runs2=[[Queentor Abel]] 18 (26)|wickets2=[[Janet Mbabazi]] 2/8 (2.2 overs)|result=Uganda won by 13 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380697.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Stephani Nampiina]] (Uga)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa gatanu ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2023|time=09:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=81/8 (20 overs)|runs1=Florence Samanyika 31 (42)|wickets1=Malisa Ariokot 3/14 (3 overs)|score2=83/4 (13.4 overs)|runs2=Mohammed Jimia 21 (21)|wickets2=Florence Samanyika 2/17 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 6 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380698.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Lydiah Kaparo (Ken) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Malisa Ariokot (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|NGA}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=74/9 (20 overs)|runs1=Esther Sandy 20 (29)|wickets1=Esther Wachira 2/6 (4 overs)|score2=52/5 (20 overs)|runs2=Venasa Ooko 21[[not out|*]] (46)|wickets2=Oseyende Omonkhobio 1/5 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 22 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380699.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=Peculiar Agboya (Nga)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2023|time=13:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|KEN}}|score1=116/6 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Stephani Nampiina]] 31 (20)|wickets1=[[Queentor Abel]] 1/11 (4 overs)|score2=79/5 (20 overs)|runs2=Venasa Ooko 17 (32)|wickets2=Evelyn Anyipo 1/6 (4 overs)|result=Uganda won by 37 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380700.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Veronique Iriho (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Stephani Nampiina]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}}{{Single-innings cricket match|date=14 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|NGA}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=42 (15.2 overs)|runs1=Lucky Piety 18 (20)|wickets1=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 4/10 (3 overs)|score2=43/1 (9.5 overs)|runs2=[[Gisele Ishimwe]] 24[[not out|*]] (31)|wickets2=Lucky Piety 1/8 (1.5 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 9 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380701.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Scarlett Hale (Eng)|motm=Alice Ikuzwe (Rwa)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa gatandatu ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2023|time=09:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|RWA}}|team2={{crw|UGA}}|score1=31 (13 overs)|runs1=Alice Ikuzwe 10 (14)|wickets1=[[Concy Aweko]] 3/2 (3 overs)|score2=32/0 (6.2 overs)|runs2=[[Janet Mbabazi]] 20[[not out|*]] (18)|wickets2=|result=Uganda won by 10 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380702.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and Lydiah Kaparo (Ken)|motm=[[Concy Aweko]] (Uga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|BOT}}|score1=82/8 (20 overs)|runs1=Mary Mwangi 12 (13)|wickets1=Goabilwe Matome 3/12 (4 overs)|score2=82/7 (13 overs)|runs2=Florence Samanyika 24 (31)|wickets2=Flavia Odhiambo 2/9 (2 overs)|result=Match tied (Kenya won the [[Super Over]])|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380703.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Veronique Iriho (Rwa) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=Flavia Odhiambo (Ken)|toss=Kenya won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=Super Over: Botswana 9/0, Kenya 10/0}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2023|time=13:15|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=54 (18.2 overs)|runs1=Venasa Ooko 17 (20)|wickets1=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 4/11 (4 overs)|score2=55/3 (8.3 overs)|runs2=Alice Ikuzwe 20 (13)|wickets2=[[Queentor Abel]] 2/23 (3.3 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 7 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380704.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ground|IPRC Cricket Ground]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Scarlett Hale (Eng)|motm=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=Judith Ajiambo (Ken) made her T20I debut.}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=15 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=114/4 (20 overs)|runs1=Goabilwe Matome 45[[not out|*]] (57)|wickets1=Oseyende Omonkhobio 1/16 (4 overs)<br />Lucky Piety 1/16 (4 overs)|score2=91/8 (20 overs)|runs2=Abigail Igbobie 24 (37)|wickets2=Shameelah Mosweu 4/9 (4 overs)|result=Botswana won by 23 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380705.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa) and Veronique Iriho (Rwa)|motm=Shameelah Mosweu (Bot)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} ==== Umunsi wa karindwi ==== {{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2023|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|BOT}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=68/7 ( overs)|runs1=Florence Samanyika 30[[not out|*]] (48)|wickets1=Alice Ikuzwe 3/15 (4 overs)|score2=72/7 (18.5 overs)|runs2=Merveille Uwase 34[[not out|*]] (49)|wickets2=Tuelo Shadrack 2/8 (3.5 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 3 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380706.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Lydiah Kaparo (Ken)|motm=Alice Ikuzwe (Rwa)|toss=Botswana won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} ----{{Single-innings cricket match|date=16 June 2023|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=72/9 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Stephani Nampiina]] 21 (29)|wickets1=Adeshola Adekunle 3/14 (4 overs)|score2=76/7 (18.5 overs)|runs2=Salome Sunday 25[[not out|*]] (37)|wickets2=[[Stephani Nampiina]] 2/18 (4 overs)|result=Nigeria won by 3 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380707.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Lydiah Kaparo (Ken) and Gaston Niyibizi (Rwa)|motm=Rachael Samson (Nga)|toss=Uganda won the toss and elected to bat.|rain=|notes=}} == Umukino wo guhatanira umwanya wa 3 == {{Single-innings cricket match|date=17 June 2022|time=09:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|KEN}}|team2={{crw|NGA}}|score1=99/3 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Queentor Abel]] 60[[not out|*]] (55)|wickets1=Rukayat Abdulrasak 1/11 (4 overs)|score2=51 (18 overs)|runs2=Lucky Piety 17 (19)|wickets2=Mary Mwangi 4/9 (4 overs)|result=Kenya won by 48 runs|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380708.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Sharon Athuola (Uga) and Veronique Iriho (Rwa)|motm=[[Queentor Abel]] (Ken)|toss=Nigeria won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} == Umusozo == {{Single-innings cricket match|date=17 June 2022|time=13:45|daynight=|team1={{crw-rt|UGA}}|team2={{crw|RWA}}|score1=65 (20 overs)|runs1=[[Stephani Nampiina]] 19 (33)|wickets1=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] 4/6 (4 overs)|score2=66/4 (16.1 overs)|runs2=Merveille Uwase 17 (41)|wickets2=Phiona Kulume 2/11 (4 overs)|result=Rwanda won by 6 wickets|report=[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1380709.html Scorecard]|venue=[[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]], [[Kigali]]|umpires=Scarlett Hale (Eng) and Temitope Onikoyi (Nga)|motm=[[Henriette Ishimwe]] (Rwa)|toss=Rwanda won the toss and elected to field.|rain=|notes=}} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/kwibuka-women-s-twenty20-tournament-2023-1380681 Urugendo rw'imikino rwabereye mu rugo kuri ESPNcricinfo] lk02zjk6tza35nq4q1vqr539hjh83yt 0 21608 149305 128677 2026-11-07T20:13:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149305 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Hakizimana''' (wavutse kuya 26 Ukwakira 1996) <ref name="men_results_iaaf_world_half_marathon_2018">{{Cite web |title=Men's Results |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6023/AT-HMAR-M-f----.RS6.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109183644/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6023/AT-HMAR-M-f----.RS6.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2020 |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships}}</ref> numunyarwanda wiruka interandende . Mu 2018, yitabiriyirushanwa rya “half marathon” ry’abagabo mwirushanwa rya “IAAF World Half Marathon Championships” ryabereye i Valencia muri Esipanye ryo mu 2018. <ref name="men_results_iaaf_world_half_marathon_2018" /> Yarangije ari ku mwanya wa 34. <ref name="men_results_iaaf_world_half_marathon_2018" /> Mu 2019, [[Rwanda at the 2019 Military World Games|yahagarariye u Rwanda]] mumikino y’isi yagisirikare yabereye i Wuhan mu Bushinwa mu 2019. <ref name="hosts_top_medal_table_world_military_games_2019">{{Cite news |last=Gillen |first=Nancy |date=27 October 2019 |title=Hosts top medal table as World Military Games conclude in Wuhan |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1086399/hosts-top-world-military-games-table |access-date=30 June 2020 |work=InsideTheGames.biz}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze mwirushanwa rya marato ry’abagabo. <ref name="hosts_top_medal_table_world_military_games_2019" /> Yahagarariye u Rwanda mumikino Olempike yomumpeshyi yabereye i Tokyo mu Buyapani mu 2020. <ref name="the_new_times_muhitira_in_early_preps_2020">{{Cite news |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=18 June 2020 |title=Muhitira in early preps for Kigali Peace Marathon |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/muhitira-early-preps-kigali-peace-marathon |access-date=30 June 2020 |work=The New Times}}</ref> Yitabiriye marato y'abagabo ariko ntiyarangiza isiganwa rye. <ref name="men_marathon_results_summer_olympics_2020">{{Cite web |title=Men's Marathon Results |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/ATH/OG2020-_ATH_C73K_ATHMMARATHON----------FNL-000100--.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808002334/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/ATH/OG2020-_ATH_C73K_ATHMMARATHON----------FNL-000100--.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=24 August 2021 |website=2020 Summer Olympics}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2023, Hakizimana yahawigihano cy'imyaka ibiri n'Ishami rishinzwe Iterambere ry'Imikino kucyaha cyokutubahiriza amategeko yokurwanya imiti ikoreshwa mugutera imiti iyobyabwenge nyuma yogupimwa Triamcinolone acetonide mu irushanwa ry'isi rya 2023 nyuma yo kwiruka marato y'abagabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2024 |title=Hakizimana Doping Suspension Results in JMC Series Ranking Revision |url=https://japanrunningnews.blogspot.com/2024/04/budapest-wc-mens-marathon-results.html |publisher=japan Running News}}</ref> Kumwanyawa cyenda yakuweho. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2023 |title=Decision of the Athletics Integrity Unit in the case of Mr John Hakizimana |url=https://www.athleticsintegrity.org/downloads/pdfs/disciplinary-process/en/AIU-23-260-John-Hakizimana-Decision.pdf |publisher=Athletics Integrity Unit}}</ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == lf9z1y0h49gtec4gl2a8203h8ufvr0e 0 21673 149344 134467 2026-11-07T20:50:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149344 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Albert Roger Miller''' (wavutse kuya 20 Gicurasi 1952), uzwi kwizina rya '''Roger Milla''', ni Umunyakameruni wahozari [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] wabigizumwuga wakinnye nk'umukinnyi wa mbere . Yari umwe mu bakinnyi ba mbere b'Abanyafurika babaye icyamamare gikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Yakinnye mu bikombe bitatu by'isi mwikipe y'igihugu ya Kameruni . Yageze kurwegompuzamahanga afitimyaka 38, iyomyaka abakinnyibenshi barutahizamu bagiye mukiruhuko cy'izabukuru, atsindibitego bine mugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990, aba umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mu mateka y'igikombe cy'isi icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Milla: My record will be very difficult to beat |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/roger-milla-interview-cameroon-indomitable-lions-fifa-world-cup-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183651/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/roger-milla-interview-cameroon-indomitable-lions-fifa-world-cup-record |archive-date=17 December 2022 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |title=Meet the man who put African football on world map |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/meet-the-man-who-put-african-football-on-world-map |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183656/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/meet-the-man-who-put-african-football-on-world-map |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon great Roger Milla remembers FIFA World Cup magic as history beckons for Africa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/fifa-world-cup-2018/fifa-worldcup-2018-news/2018/jun/11/cameroon-great-roger-milla-remembers-fifa-world-cup-magic-as-history-beckons-for-africa-1826731.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102232525/http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/football/fifa-world-cup-2018/fifa-worldcup-2018-news/2018/jun/11/cameroon-great-roger-milla-remembers-fifa-world-cup-magic-as-history-beckons-for-africa-1826731.html |archive-date=2 November 2019 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Johannesburg |first=Tom Dart |title=Roger Milla says of African toil: I told you so |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/roger-milla-says-of-african-toil-i-told-you-so-l0635wb36f8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183656/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/roger-milla-says-of-african-toil-i-told-you-so-l0635wb36f8 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=[[The Times]] |language=en |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> Yafashije Kameruni kuba ikipe ya mbere y'Afurika kugera murikimwe cyakane cy'irushanwa ry'igikombe cy'isi. Nyuma y'imyaka ine, afitimyaka 42, Milla yatsinze agahigoke nk'umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mu gikombe cy'isi ubwo yatsindaga Uburusiya mugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1994. <ref name="classic">{{Cite news |title=Roger Milla, the pride of the Indomitable Lions |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=79318/profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152407/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=79318/profile.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=5 September 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Milla yakundaga kwishimira ibitego yiruka kwibendera ry'imfuruka akanabyina imbyino isa n'iya lambada . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jon Carter |date=26 May 2010 |title=First XI: World Cup celebrations |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=790168&cc=5739&ver=global |url-status=dead |journal=[[ESPN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603233147/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/columns/story?id=790168&cc=5739&ver=global |archive-date=3 June 2010}}</ref> Mu 2004, Pelé yashyizwe kurutonde rwa FIFA rw'abakinnyi 100 bakomeye kwisi. <ref name="classic"/> Mu 2007, [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru muri Afurika]] ryashyizeho Milla nk'umukinnyi mwiza w'umunyafurika mumyaka 50 ishize. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 January 2007 |title=Milla is Caf's best from 50 years |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6261335.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602201213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6261335.stm |archive-date=2 June 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014 |department=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Mugihecyogusezera, yafatwaga nk'umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mukarere k'Afurika mu mikino yanyuma y'igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA aho yatsinze ibitego bitanu, kandagahigo kekaza gusimburwa n'umukinnyi wa Ghana [[Asamoah Gyan]] . == Ubuzima bw'umuntu == Icyemezo cye cy'amavuko ndetse na pasiporo yebigaragaza koyitwa Roger Miller bitewe n'ikosa ry'umwanditsi nokutumvikana. Ababyeyibe bashakaga kumuhizina ry'umuryango wa nyirarume 'Milla' ubwo yavukaga. Yakundaga kwitwa Miller igihecyose yagaragaye mumikino mpuzamahanga ikomeye, impapuro z'ibarurishamibare zimuvugaho ubwo Miller yavugaga byinshi kuburyo izina ryeryari ryaravuzwe nabikandi rikamenyekana nabi mumiryango mpuzamahanga. Umuryangowe wimukiye i Douala afitimyaka 11. <ref name="auto">{{Cite book |last=Ian Hawkey |year=2010 |title=Feet of the Chameleon: The Story of African Football |url=https://archive.org/details/feetofchameleons0000hawk |publisher=Portico |page=[https://archive.org/details/feetofchameleons0000hawk/page/149 149]}}</ref> Se yakoraga kumihanda yagariyamoshi, naho Milla agiramahirwe yokuzenguruka igihugucyose inshuro nyinshi mubwanabwe. Yakuriye mumihanda ya Yaoundé kandiyakomokaga mumuryango usanzwe w’abantu bomucyiciro cy’abakene kuburyo ababyeyibe bashoboye kumuha uburere buhagije. Ariko, ababyeyibe ntibashimishijwenokubonako Milla arimogushakumupira w’amaguru, maze batangira kwanga kwemera ko umuhungu wabo akina umukino w’umupira w’amaguru. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2022-12-09 |title=Roger Milla: The lion, the magician, and the magic play |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/roger-milla-the-lion-the-magician-and-the-magic-play/8dkjs73 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217190659/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/roger-milla-the-lion-the-magician-and-the-magic-play/8dkjs73 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Yize ubuhanga bwogukinumupira w'amaguru atambayinkweto arikumwe n'abandi banamu mihanda y'igitaka nomumihanda, kandakenshi yakinagafite agacupa k'umuhondo cyangwa agacupa nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura umupira. Yari afite kandi akamenyero ko gutera [[indimu]] n'udutambaro dufatanye mumipira. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Brian |date=2022-09-07 |title=Roger Milla, the Indomitable Lion Who Changed World Cup History |url=https://www.theringer.com/2022/9/7/23340054/22-goals-roger-milla-1990-cameroon-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183651/https://www.theringer.com/2022/9/7/23340054/22-goals-roger-milla-1990-cameroon-world-cup |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=The Ringer |language=en}}</ref> We n'abandi bana bagombaga gukinira mu bibuga byuzuye ivumbi kubera ko muri Kameruni nta mashuri y'abana yari yarashinze amashuri makuru y'umupira w'amaguru icyo gihe kandi muri Kameruni ntabibuga byiza byari bifite kandi nta n'ubushobozi bwo kugira abatoza bafite uburenganzira bwo kugira. Byagaragayeko Milla yakinagumupira w'amaguru murwegorwo kwidagaduragusa, kwishimisha no kwidagadura kandi ko atatekereje cyane kubigira umwuga we, maze akomeza kunoza ubuhanga bwe mumupira w'amaguru mubiruhuko by'ishuri. <ref name=":1" /> Roger Milla ubweyavuzeko yarangije amashuri yisumbuye arikibyoyavuze byanenzwe nabamwe mubanditsi bomuri Kameruni. <ref name=":1"/> Afite abavandimwe batatu bafite amazina atandukanye nka Joseph Debouba, Jacques Edjanque na Alexandre Diboussi. Yagiye kureka siporo nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyina mu rugo mu gihe yakinaga umupira w'amaguru mukibuga cyakure ndetse nokubera ko umugorewe yaratwite ubwo aba bombi bari bategereje umwana wabo wa kabiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Vecsey |first=George |date=1990-06-24 |title=SPORTS OF THE TIMES; The Old Man Waited for the Shadows |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/24/sports/sports-of-the-times-the-old-man-waited-for-the-shadows.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183650/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/24/sports/sports-of-the-times-the-old-man-waited-for-the-shadows.html |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Umwuga w'ikipe == === Imyaka yo mu ntangiriro === Yakiniyikipe y’abanabatoya Eclair de Douala afitimyaka 13, yitabira amarushanwa y’ishuri gusa. Nyumayaje kwemeza ababyeyibe nyumayo kwitwara neza mumikino y’imyaka. Yakinnye bwambere mwikipe y’abakuruya [[Eclair de Douala]] mucyiciro cyakabiri cya shampiyona ya Kameruni afitimyaka 15. <ref name="auto"/> Nyuma y’imyakibiri, afitimyaka 17, yabayumukinnyi wa shampiyona yogusimbuka cyane mumashuriyo muri Kameruni. <ref name="auto" /> Yasinyamasezerano mwikipe y’icyiciro cya mbere ya Léopard Douala mu 1970 afite imyaka 18, amaherezo yegukana ibikombe bitatu bya shampiyona ya Kameruni muriyokipe. Yanatsinze ibitego 89 mumikino 116 yakinnye muri Léopard Douala mu gihe cy’imyaka ine. Nyuma y’aho yerekeje muri Tonnerre Yaoundé mu 1974 nyuma y’imyaka ine amaze akinaneza muri Léopard Douala. Yatwayigikombe cy'Afurika cy’abatsinze ibikombe muri Tonnerre Yaoundé, naho mu ikipe ya Tonnerre Yaoundé atsinda ibitego 69 mu mikino 87. === Kwimukira mu Bufaransa === Yimukiye mu Bufaransa afitimyaka 25 mu 1977 ahoyamaze imyaka 12 akiniramakipe atandukanye. Mu 1977, yakuruwe n'ikipe yomu Bufaransa ya Valenciennes ajya i Burayi. Aho yatsinzibitego 6 mumikino 28 ya shampiyona mumyakibiri. Mu 1979, yinjiye muri AS Monaco, aho yatwaye igikombe cy'Ubufaransa mu 1980 anatsinda ibitego 5 mumikino 25 ya shampiyona n'igikombe. <ref name=":0"/> Yari yaragize ibibazo byinshi by'imvune mugihegito yamazemuri shampiyona, maze abayobozi b'ikipe ye bahitamo kumurekura mu mpera z'umwaka w'imikino. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, yinjiye muri Bastia, aho yamaze imyaka ine. Milla yatsinze ibitego 42 mu mikino 133 y'amarushanwa kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gufasha ikipe gutwara igikombe cy'Ubufaransa mu 1981. Nyuma y’ahoyerekeje muri Saint-Etienne mu 1984, abumunyamuryango ukomeyew’iyikipe, yari irimo gukiranyuma y’ikibazo gikomeye cya ruswa mu 1982 ndetse no kumanuka mu cyiciro cya 2, nyuma yo kugurisha abakinnyi benshi bambere. Murirusange yakinnyimikino 69 muriyi kipe atsinda ibitego 36, anagira uruhare mugufasha iyikipe kongerakwinjira mucyiciro cyambere. Hanyuma yakinnye muri Montpellier kuva mu 1986 kugeza mu 1989, aho Milla yaje kuba umwe mu batoza b’iyi kipe nyuma yo gusezera mumupira w’amaguru mu Bufaransa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">Bikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwakawe wambere w'imikino, Milla yatsinze ibitego 18 mumikino 33 isanzwe y'umwaka, byafashije Montpellier kugaruka mu cyiciro cya 1. Muri rusange, yatsinze ibitego 41 mu mikino 103 yakinnye muri Montpellier. <ref name=":0"/> === Imyaka ya nyuma === Milla yavuye mumupira w'amaguru w'Abafaransa afitimyaka 37 mu 1989 ajya i [[Reyiniyo|Réunion]] mu Nyanja y'Abahinde ahoyakiniye JS Saint-Pierroise . Nyumayogutsinda mugikombe cy'isi, yasubiye i Tonnerre muri Kameruni mugihe cy'imyaka ine. Yarangije iminsiye akina mumakipabiri muri Indoneziya nyuma y'igikombe cy'isi cyomu 1994, asezerera muri uyu mukino mu mpera z'umwaka w'imikino wo mu 1996. Umubare w'ibitego yatsinze muri shampiyona yomuri Indoneziya warenze umubarew'imikino yari yarakinnye muri iryo rushanwa, aho ibitego 41 byabonetse mumikino 35 gusa mugihe cy'imyaka ibiri. == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Milla yakiniyikipe y'igihugu inshuro 77, atsinda ibitego 43. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamrud |first=Roberto |date=9 March 2017 |title=Albert Roger Mooh Miller "Milla" – Goals in International Matches |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/rogermilla-intlg.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710163345/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/rogermilla-intlg.html |archive-date=10 July 2022 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Milla yakinnye bwambere muri Kameruni mu 1973 ubwo yakinaga na Zaire mumukino wogushaka itike yogukina igikombe cy'isi. Yakinnye imikino yeyambere mugikombe cy'isi mugikombe cy'isi gifatwa nk'icya mbere mwikipe ya Kameruni ubwoyegukanaga igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1982 nyuma yo gutsinda imikino yombi ya nyuma bakina na Maroc mumikino yo guhatanira itike yo kujya mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1982 mu karere ka Afurika . Milla yagize uruhare runini mugufasha Kameruni kwegukana itike yo kujya mu gikombe cy'isi cyo mu 1982, atsinda amanotamenshi mumikino yo guhatanira itike yokujya mugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyomu 1982 mumarushanwa yo guhatanira itike yo kujya mu karere ka Afurika. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Roger Milla at 70 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/cameroon-legend-roger-milla-turns-70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183651/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/cameroon-legend-roger-milla-turns-70 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Yahuye n'amarangamutima atandukanye mugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1982, igitego cyatsinzwe na Peru mumukinowabo wambere. Kameruni yatsinzwe imikino itatu mu mikino itatu yomucyiciro cyambere. Nyuma y'imyakibiri, yarimwikipe yahatanaga mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi yo mu 1984 i Los Angeles, muri California . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Milla yarumukinnyi w’ingenzi mwikipe ya Kameruni yegukanye igikombe cya Afurika cyo mu 1984 aho Kameruni yatsinze Nijeriya ibitego 3-1 ku mukino wa nyuma bituma Kameruni yegukana igikombecyambere cy’umugabane. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Milla backs Cameroon to retain Afcon title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48574322 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183704/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48574322 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yarumukinnyi ukomeye mwikipe ya Kameruni yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya [[Misiri]] ku mukino wa nyuma w’igikombe cya Afurika cyo mu 1986, kandi yahawe igihembo cy’umukinnyi mwiza muri iryo rushanwakuko yatsinze ibitego byinshi n’ibitego 4. Yanatoranyijwe mu ikipe y’igikombe cy'Afurika cyomu 1986. Yanabaye umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mugikombe cy'Afurika cyo mu 1988, atsinda ibitego 2 hamwe na Lakhdar Belloumi wo muri Alijeriya, Abdoulaye Traoré wo muri Ivory Coast na Gamal Abdelhamid wo muri Misiri. Yongeye kugira uruhare runini mu gutsinda kwa Kameruni mugikombe cya Afurika cyo mu 1988, kandi kubera uburyo yitwaye neza muri iryo rushanwa, yagizwe umukinnyi w’irushanwa, ndetse anashyirwa mwikipe y’igikombe cy'Afurika cyomu 1988. Mu 1988, afitimyaka 36, Milla yizihije ikiruhuko cyecyogusezera kumupira w'amaguru mpuzamahanga, yizihiza yubile muri Kameruni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2016 |title=Et Roger Milla inventa la célébration de but |url=http://www.slateafrique.com/677363/roger-milla-pogba-celebration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618093657/http://www.slateafrique.com/677363/roger-milla-pogba-celebration |archive-date=18 June 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=Slate Afrique |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ariko, mu 1990, yahamagawe na Perezida wa Kameruni Paul Biya, wamwinginze ngwavemukiruhuko cy'izabukuru mpuzamahanga agaruke mu ikipe y'igihugu. Yarabyemeye, maze ajya mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] mu ikipe ya ''Indomitable Lions'' mu gikombe cy'isi cyo mu 1990, aho yateraga igitangaza. Byagaragaye ko Paul Biya yashakaga ko Milla akina mu gikombe cy'isi nyuma yo kureba Milla akina mumukino w'urukundo wabereye i Douala aho Milla yatsinze ibitego bibiri. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is the oldest goal-scorer in the World Cup? |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/oldest-goal-scorer-fifa-world-cup-football |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207170004/https://olympics.com/en/news/oldest-goal-scorer-fifa-world-cup-football |archive-date=7 December 2022 |publisher=Olympics}}</ref> Nyumayogushimangira kwa Perezida wa Kameruni, Milla yahisemo kugaruka mu mupira w'amaguru mpuzamahanga atanga itangazo ku mugaragaro muri Gicurasi 1990. <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 1990 |title=MILLA SHOOTS CAMEROON INTO HISTORY, QUARTERFINAL |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1990/06/24/milla-shoots-cameroon-into-history-quarterfinal/6983884c-4706-4f01-9e89-ebe7e125c071/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908084647/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1990/06/24/milla-shoots-cameroon-into-history-quarterfinal/6983884c-4706-4f01-9e89-ebe7e125c071/ |archive-date=8 September 2023 |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Bivugwa kandiko abenshi mubakinnyi bakinana muri Kameruni ndetse n'umutoza mukuru w'igihugu Valery Nepomnyashchy ukomokamu Burusiya batashakaga ko Milla aba mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Old lion roars for Cameroon (42) {{!}} 100 great World Cup moments |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/100-great-world-cup-moments-qatar-2022-42-roger-milla-cameroon-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183650/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/100-great-world-cup-moments-qatar-2022-42-roger-milla-cameroon-1990 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Biya yatanze itegeko rimuhamagarira kugaruka mu ikipe y'igihugu maze Biya asinya ku mugaragaro itegeko risaba kandi rihatira umutoza kumutoranya mwikipe y'igikombe cy'isi. Byavuzwe kandiko abanyamakuruba siporo bazwi muri Kameruni hamwe n'abafana batangiye gahunda yo gusubiza Milla mwikipe y'igihugu nyuma y'uko Kameruni yitwaye nabimu gikombe cya Afurika cyo mu 1990 muri Alijeriya aho Kameruni yavaga mumatsinda itsindwa na Gambia na Senegal. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 1990 |title=WITH MILLA AS LEADER OF PACK, YOUNG LIONS' PRIDE HAS SOARED |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1990/07/01/with-milla-as-leader-of-pack-young-lions-pride-has-soared/478dffa0-bb42-478a-b762-dc1b22caab94/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209193044/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1990/07/01/with-milla-as-leader-of-pack-young-lions-pride-has-soared/478dffa0-bb42-478a-b762-dc1b22caab94/ |archive-date=9 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2022 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Milla the making of Africa at the World Cup |url=https://supersport.com/football/fifa-world-cup-2022/news/b9a12b4a-89a5-4a9c-889c-f2ef21cbd2b6/milla-the-making-of-africa-at-the-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183652/https://supersport.com/football/fifa-world-cup-2022/news/b9a12b4a-89a5-4a9c-889c-f2ef21cbd2b6/milla-the-making-of-africa-at-the-world-cup |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=SuperSport |language=en}}</ref> === Igikombe cy'Isi cyo mu 1990 === Milla yatsinze ibitegobye binebyose muririrushanwa nk'umusimburubwo yatangiragaburi mukino w'irushanwa kuntebe y'abasimbura. Yatangiye mugice cya kabiri mumikino inemuri itanu y'igikombe cy'isi, anagaragara mugice cyambere inshurimwe. Ibitegobyebibiri by'ingenzi yatsinze mu gice cya kabiri cy'umukino yakinnye na Rumaniya mu minota ibirigusa muminota y'inyongera aho yongeye kugaragara nk'umusimbura, maze akurikira ubuhanga bwe, afatwank'intwari muri Kameruni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-19 |title=1990: When Cameroon rocked the world |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/club/cameroon-crm/656/blog/post/3859286/1990-when-cameroon-rocked-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183650/https://www.espn.com/soccer/club/cameroon-crm/656/blog/post/3859286/1990-when-cameroon-rocked-the-world |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Anirudh |date=8 May 2018 |title=40 Greatest Goals in World Cup History: #37 Roger Milla - Cameroon vs Romania ('90) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/40-greatest-goals-in-world-cup-history-roger-milla-cameroon-vs-romania-90 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183651/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/40-greatest-goals-in-world-cup-history-roger-milla-cameroon-vs-romania-90 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Umutoza Valery Nepomnyashchy ni we wahisemo kuzana Milla mberegato y'umukino yakinnye na Rumaniya azi neza ko intsinzi izaha Kameruni umwanya mu cyiciro cya 16, maze umutoza nyuma yemeza akamaro ka Milla nyuma yo gutsinda bikomeye Kameruni mu mukino watsinzwe cyane na Argentine, ikipe ya Argentina. Yarumukinnyi mukurucyane wakiniraga hanze mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990, kandiyari umukinnyi wa kabiri mukuru mu irushanwa nyuma ya Peter Shilton w'Umwongereza. Milla w'imyaka 38 y'amavuko yabayumwe mubakinnyi bakomeye mwirushanwa. Yatsinze ibitego binemu Butaliyani, yishimira burikimwe abyina azungurukibendera ry'imfuruka, ibibikaba byarakunze gukundwa kuva icyo gihe. Ibitego bibiri yatsinze Rumaniya mu mukino wa kabiri wa Kameruni, n'ibindi bibiri yatsinze mu minota 16 y'inyongera yatsinze Kolombiya mu mikino 16 ya nyuma, bituma Kameruni igera muri kimwe cyakane cy'irangiza, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philémon |last2=Philémon |date=2022-06-24 |title=World Cup 90: The day Roger Milla took Cameroon to the quarter-finals |url=https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/world-cup-90-the-day-roger-milla-took-cameroon-to-the-quarter-finals/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124095109/https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/world-cup-90-the-day-roger-milla-took-cameroon-to-the-quarter-finals/ |archive-date=24 November 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Sport News Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> ikipe ya Afurika yari yageze kure mu gikombe cy'isi ( Senegal na Ghana byahuye n'iki gikombe mu 2002 na 2010, mu gihe Maroc yayirenze igera muri kimwe cya kabiri cy'irangiza mu 2022 ). Mumukino wa kimwe cyakane cy'irangiza n'Ubwongereza, Milla yemeje ko ari umukinnyi w'icyamamare cyane mugice cya kabiri cy'irushanwa, Kameruni irushwa igitego 1-0, inganya penaliti, hanyuma ishyiraho igitego cya Ekeke, bituma Kameruni ibona amanota 2-1, mberey'uko Ubwongereza butsinda penaliti ebyiri, maze butsinda 3-2 nyuma y'iminota y'inyongera. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-03 |title=How England 'pulled it out of the fire' against Milla's Cameroon at Italia 90 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/dec/03/how-england-pulled-it-out-of-the-fire-against-millas-cameroon-at-italia-90 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210225547/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/dec/03/how-england-pulled-it-out-of-the-fire-against-millas-cameroon-at-italia-90 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-14 |title=On Second Thoughts: Italia 90 {{!}} Rob Smyth |url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/oct/14/on-second-thoughts-italia-90 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207050747/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2010/oct/14/on-second-thoughts-italia-90 |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Bitewe n'uko yakinnye mu Butaliyani, yongeye kugirwa umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru w'umwaka muri Afurika. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Igitego cyecyakabiricyo kwishimirikipe ya Kolombiya cyabaye icyamamare ku isiyose kandi cyakoreshejwe na Coca-Cola nk'uko bigaragara mumatangazo nka Coca-Cola yo mu gikombe cy'isi cyo mu 2010. === Igikombe cy'Isi cyo mu 1994 === Milla yagarutse mugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyomu 1994 afitimyaka 42, akaba ariwemukinnyi ukuzwecyane kurushabandibose bakinnye mu gikombe cy'isi kugeza mu irushanwa rya 2014 ubwo Faryd Mondragón womuri Kolombiya yinjiye mu mukino w'amatsinda n'Ubuyapani ubwo yari afite imyaka 43 n'iminsi 3. Agahigo ka Mondragon katsinzwe na Essam El Hadary mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=Milla, Zoff & the oldest players in World Cup history |url=http://www.goal.com/en/lists/milla-zoff-the-oldest-players-in-world-cup-history/1wau0ekie341x15h2qpa5px43d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621042853/http://www.goal.com/en/lists/milla-zoff-the-oldest-players-in-world-cup-history/1wau0ekie341x15h2qpa5px43d |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Kameruni yakuwe mu matsinda; icyakora, Milla yatsinze igitego mu ikipe y'Uburusiya, ashyiraho agahigo ko kuba umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi mwirushanwa ry'igikombe cy'isi, asesa agahigo yari yashyizeho mu 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2010 |title=On this day in world cup history: Russia 6 Cameroon 1, 28 June 1994 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/on-this-day-in-world-cup-history-russia-6-cameroon-1-28-june-1994-2012166.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621045845/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/on-this-day-in-world-cup-history-russia-6-cameroon-1-28-june-1994-2012166.html |archive-date=21 June 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=Independent}}</ref> Yakinnye umukino mpuzamahanga bwa nyuma mu mukino wa gicuti na Afurika y'Epfo mu Ukuboza 1994. == Umwuga nyuma yo gukina == Ubunintumwa y’ingenzi mubikorwa by'Afurika. Anakora nk’umukorerabushake mu matsinda atandukanye arimo n’Ikigega [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|Mpuzamahanga cyita ku Bidukikije]] . Yanafunguye amasosiyete abiri yo kongera gukoresha iplastike mumabuye yomumuhanda. Mu 2004, yashyizwe mwrushanwa rya FIFA 100, urutonde rw’abakinnyi 125 b’umupira w’amaguru bakomeye batoranyijwe na Pelé mu birori byokwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka ijana ya FIFA . Yatoje Montpellier kuvamu 2001 kugezamu 2007. Yanabaye umutoza wa Tonnerre mugihe cy'imyaka ine hagatiya 2007 na 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The eight lesser-known football World Cup heroes |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2022/11/18/lesser-known-world-cup-heroes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219055918/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2022/11/18/lesser-known-world-cup-heroes |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> == Umurage == [[Dosiye:Finales_CAN_2021_(31).jpg|thumb|Milla afite igikombe cya Afurika mu 2022.]] Yagizwe perezida w’icyubahiro w’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru rya Kameruni muri Werurwe 2008. Ariko, yakuwekuruwomwanya w’umuyobozi w’icyubahiro muri Gicurasi 2012 nyumayokunenga abayobozi bakuru b’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru rya Kameruni ku bijyanye n’ihagarikwa ry’igihekirekire rya Samuel Eto'o . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Cameroon federation ditches Milla |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/18103491 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183652/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/18103491 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=18 May 2012 |title=Roger Milla dismissed as honorary president |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/roger-milla-dismissed-as-honorary-president |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183650/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/roger-milla-dismissed-as-honorary-president |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Kwitariki ya 24 Ugushyingo 2022, yahawicyubahiro na FIFA kubw'ibyo yagezehubwo Perezida wa FIFA Gianni Infantino yamushyikirizaga icyapambere gato y'uko umukino w'amatsinda utangira hagatiya Kameruni n'Ubusuwisi mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 2022 kuri sitade ya Al Janoub, Milla nawe yatumiwe kumugaragaro nk'umushyitsi wihariye na Perezida wa FIFA kugirango arebe uwomukino. Ibirori bye by’ubuhanga muburyo bw’imbyino ya Makossa mugace k’ibendera ry’imfuruka mu gikombe cy’isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990 byahinduye uko abantu batangiye kubona umupira w’amaguru muri Afurika muburyo bwiza. Ibirori bye byafashwe nk’ibyakunzwe ako kanya kandi byateraga imbaraga nziza kubarebaga mugikombe cy’isi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borg |first=Chris |date=2015-06-23 |title=Roger Milla: How Italia 90 changed the way the world saw African football |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/23/football/roger-milla-cameroon-african-football-world-cup-1990/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183651/https://www.cnn.com/2015/06/23/football/roger-milla-cameroon-african-football-world-cup-1990/index.html |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Yabayikiganiro cy’abantubenshi mu mujyi nomwirushanwa mugikombe cy’isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990 bitewe ahanini n’ubuhanga bwe mu kibuga, ibirori byokubyina nokubera ubuhangabwe. Nyuma yaje kwitwa "Umwami w’Ibendera ry’imfuruka". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fifa world cup Brazinga 2014: Cup Legend Roger Milla |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-fifa-world-cup-brazinga-2014-cup-legend-roger-milla-1993694 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183652/https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-fifa-world-cup-brazinga-2014-cup-legend-roger-milla-1993694 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2020, wehamwe n'abakinnyi bagenzibebo muri Kameruni bahawamazu atatuyokuraramo nk'impano zogushimira igihebatsinze nezamugikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=After 30 years wait, Roger Milla, oda Cameroon 1990 teammates receive Biya e house gift |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/sport-53946312 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183650/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/sport-53946312 |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ariko, byabaye ngombwa ko bategereza imyaka 30 kugirangobahabwe iyompanonubwo Perezida Paul Biya yari yarabisezeranye mberemu 1990. Uyumushinga watinzecyane nyuma y'impungenge zijyanye na ruswa n'imikoreremibi kurutonde rw'abagenerwabikorwa 44. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobo |first=Kingsley |date=2020-08-09 |title=Cameroon: Roger Milla & Co get 1990 WC gift houses |url=https://www.aclsports.com/cameroon-roger-milla-co-get-1990-wc-gift-houses/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217183654/https://www.aclsports.com/cameroon-roger-milla-co-get-1990-wc-gift-houses/ |archive-date=17 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=ACLSports |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Imibare y'umwuga == === Ikipe === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref>{{NFT player|14807|accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Eclair de Douala |1968–69 | rowspan="2" |Première Division |28 |1 | | | | |- |1969–70 |29 |5 | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !57 !6 ! ! ! ! |- | rowspan="5" |Léopard Douala |1970–71 | rowspan="4" |Première Division |29 |25 | | | | |- |1971–72 |30 |20 | | | | |- |1972–73 |28 |19 | | | | |- |1973–74 |30 |25 | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !117 !89 ! ! ! ! |- | rowspan="4" |Tonnerre Yaoundé |1974–75 | rowspan="3" |Première Division |29 |23 | | | | |- |1975–76 |28 |26 | | | | |- |1976–77 |30 |20 | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !87 !69 ! ! ! ! |- | rowspan="3" |Valenciennes |1977–78 | rowspan="2" |Division 1 |0 |0 | | | | |- |1978–79 |28 |6 |1 |1 | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !28 !6 !1 !1 ! ! |- |Monaco |1979–80 |Division 1 |17 |2 |8 |3 | | |- | rowspan="5" |Bastia |1980–81 | rowspan="4" |Division 1 |30 |9 |9 |8 | | |- |1981–82 |23 |8 |6 |3 | | |- |1982–83 |29 |13 |2 |0 | | |- |1983–84 |31 |5 |3 |1 | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !113 !30 !20 !12 ! ! |- | rowspan="3" |Saint-Étienne |1984–85 | rowspan="2" |Division 2 |31 |22 |8 |3 | | |- |1985–86 |28 |9 |2 |2 | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !59 !31 !10 !5 ! ! |- | rowspan="4" |Montpellier |1986–87 |Division 2 |33 |18 |2 |1 | | |- |1987–88 | rowspan="2" |Division 1 |33 |12 |4 |3 | | |- |1988–89 |29 |7 |2 |0 | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !95 !37 !8 !4 ! ! |- | rowspan="3" |Saint-Pierroise |1989 | | | | | | | |- |1990 |D1 Pro |23 |8 | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !8 ! ! ! ! |- | rowspan="5" |Tonnerre Yaoundé |1990–91 | rowspan="4" |Première Division |29 |22 | | | | |- |1991–92 |30 |19 | | | | |- |1992–93 |27 |23 | | | | |- |1993–94 |30 |25 | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Total !116 !89 ! ! ! ! |- |Pelita Jaya |1994–95 | rowspan="2" |Premier Division |23 |23 | | | | |- |Putra Samarinda |1995–96 |12 |18 | | | | |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !747 !413 !47 !25 !794 !438 |} === Mpuzamahanga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Imikinire n'ibitego by'ikipe y'igihugu n'umwaka <ref name="RSSSF">{{Cite web |title=Albert Roger Mooh Miller "Milla" - Goals in International Matches |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/rogermilla-intlg.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> ! Ikipe y'igihugu ! Umwaka ! Porogaramu ! Ibitego |- | rowspan="18" | Kameruni | 1973 | 3 | 0 |- | 1975 | 3 | 1 |- | 1976 | 8 | 7 |- | 1977 | 6 | 4 |- | 1978 | 1 | 0 |- | 1979 | 2 | 3 |- | 1980 | 1 | 1 |- | 1981 | 7 | 9 |- | 1982 | 6 | 0 |- | 1984 | 8 | 2 |- | 1985 | 2 | 2 |- | 1986 | 5 | 4 |- | 1987 | 4 | 3 |- | 1988 | 5 | 2 |- | 1990 | 5 | 4 |- | 1991 | 1 | 0 |- | 1992 | 5 | 0 |- | 1994 | 5 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo ! 77 ! 43 |} : ''Amanota n'ibisubizo bya Kameruni ni byo bya mbere, inkingi y'amanota igaragaza amanota nyuma ya buri gitego cya Milla.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Roger Milla ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |19 November 1975 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Zaire}} | style="text-align:center" |— | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Friendly |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Zaire, 19 November 1975 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-zaire-19-november-1975-233580/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |7 July 1976 |Stade d'Angondjé, Libreville, Gabon |{{Fb|Rwanda|1962}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |1976 Central African Games |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda v Cameroon, 07 July 1976 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/rwanda-v-cameroon-07-july-1976-233830/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |10 July 1976 | rowspan="2" |Stade d'Angondjé, Libreville, Gabon | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|Burundi}} | style="text-align:center" |— | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–0 | rowspan="2" |1976 Central African Games | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Burundi, 10 July 1976 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-burundi-10-july-1976-233841/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |— |- | style="text-align:center" |5 | rowspan="2" |14 July 1976 | rowspan="2" |Stade d'Angondjé, Libreville, Gabon | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|CGO|1970}} | style="text-align:center" |— | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–2 | rowspan="2" |1976 Central African Games | rowspan="2" |  |- | style="text-align:center" |6 | style="text-align:center" |3–2 |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |17 October 1976 |Stade de la Revolution, [[Brazzaville]], Congo |{{Fb|CGO|1970}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |1978 FIFA World Cup qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo Brazzaville v Cameroon, 17 October 1976 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/congo-brazzaville-v-cameroon-17-october-1976-233990/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |31 October 1976 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|CGO|1970}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–2 |1978 FIFA World Cup qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Congo Brazzaville, 31 October 1976 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-congo-brazzaville-31-october-1976-234008/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |26 January 1977 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|CGO|1970}} | style="text-align:center" |— | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |Friendly |<ref name="RSSSF"/> |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |13 March 1977 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|CGO|1970}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |1978 African Cup of Nations qualification |<ref name="RSSSF" /> |- | style="text-align:center" |11 | rowspan="2" |27 December 1977 | rowspan="2" |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|Rwanda|1962}} | style="text-align:center" |— | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |1978 All-Africa Games qualification | rowspan="2" |<ref name="RSSSF" /> |- | style="text-align:center" |12 | style="text-align:center" |— |- | style="text-align:center" |13 | rowspan="3" |10 April 1979 | rowspan="3" |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon | rowspan="3" |{{Fb|Guinea}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="3" |1980 African Cup of Nations qualification | rowspan="3" |<ref name="RSSSF" /> |- | style="text-align:center" |14 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |15 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |16 |29 June 1980 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Malawi}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |1982 FIFA World Cup qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Malawi, 29 June 1980 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-malawi-29-june-1980-235952/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |17 | rowspan="3" |5 April 1981 | rowspan="3" |Reunification Stadium, Douala, Cameroon | rowspan="3" |{{Fb|Togo}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |1982 African Cup of Nations qualification | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Togo, 05 April 1981 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-togo-05-april-1981-236455/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |18 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |19 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |20 | rowspan="3" |26 April 1981 | rowspan="3" |Reunification Stadium, Douala, Cameroon | rowspan="3" |{{Fb|Zaire}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |6–1 | rowspan="3" |1982 FIFA World Cup qualification | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Zaire, 26 April 1981 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-zaire-26-april-1981-236496/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |21 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |22 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |23 |16 August 1981 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Madagascar}} | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 |1982 African Cup of Nations qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Madagascar, 16 August 1981 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-madagascar-16-august-1981-236684/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |24 |15 November 1981 |Kenitra Municipal Stadium, Kenitra, Morocco |{{Fb|Morocco}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |1982 FIFA World Cup qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco v Cameroon, 15 November 1981 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/morocco-v-cameroon-15-november-1981-236885/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |25 |29 November 1981 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Morocco}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |1982 FIFA World Cup qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Morocco, 29 November 1981 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-morocco-29-november-1981-236932/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |26 |10 March 1984 |Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, [[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast |{{Fb|Ivory Coast}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |1984 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast v Cameroon, 10 March 1984 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/ivory-coast-v-cameroon-10-march-1984-238344/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |27 |30 July 1984 |Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, Annapolis, United States |{{Fb|Yugoslavia}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–2 |1984 Summer Olympics |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yugoslavia v Cameroon, 30 July 1984 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/yugoslavia-v-cameroon-30-july-1984-238559/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |28 | rowspan="2" |15 September 1985 | rowspan="2" |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|Saudi Arabia}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |1985 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Saudi Arabia, 15 September 1985 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-saudi-arabia-15-september-1985-239448/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |29 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |30 |8 March 1986 |Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt |{{Fb|Zambia}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–2 |1986 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Zambia, 08 March 1986 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-zambia-08-march-1986-239746/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |31 |11 March 1986 |Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt |{{Fb|Morocco}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–1 |1986 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco v Cameroon, 11 March 1986 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/morocco-v-cameroon-11-march-1986-239756/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |32 |14 March 1986 |Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt |{{Fb|Algeria}} | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | style="text-align:center" |3–2 |1986 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Algeria, 14 March 1986 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-algeria-14-march-1986-239767/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |33 |17 March 1986 |Alexandria Stadium, Alexandria, Egypt |{{Fb|Ivory Coast}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |1986 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Ivory Coast, 17 March 1986 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-ivory-coast-17-march-1986-239771/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |34 |29 March 1987 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Uganda}} | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 |1988 African Cup of Nations qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon vs. Uganda |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/34300/Cameroon_Uganda.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |35 |5 July 1987 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Sudan}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |1988 African Cup of Nations qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon vs. Sudan |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/34306/Cameroon_Sudan.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |36 |15 November 1987 |Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon |{{Fb|Ghana}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |1988 Summer Olympics qualification |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon vs. Ghana |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/34312/Cameroon_Ghana.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |37 |14 March 1988 |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, [[Rabat]], Morocco |{{Fb|Egypt}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 |1988 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Egypt, 14 March 1988 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-egypt-14-march-1988-240972/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |38 |17 March 1988 |Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat, Morocco |{{Fb|Nigeria}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |1–1 |1988 African Cup of Nations |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon vs. Nigeria |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/22151/Cameroon_Nigeria.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |39 | rowspan="2" |14 June 1990 | rowspan="2" |Stadio San Nicola, Bari, Italy | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|Romania}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2-1 | rowspan="2" |1990 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Romania, 14 June 1990 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-romania-14-june-1990-242426/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |40 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |41 | rowspan="2" |23 June 1990 | rowspan="2" |Stadio San Paolo, Naples, Italy | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2–1 | rowspan="2" |1990 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon v Colombia, 23 June 1990 |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/cameroon-v-colombia-23-june-1990-242448/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=11v11}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |42 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |43 |28 June 1994 |Stanford Stadium, Stanford, United States |{{Fb|Russia}} | style="text-align:center" |1–3 | style="text-align:center" |1–6 |1994 FIFA World Cup |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia vs. Cameroon |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/20506/Russia_Cameroon.html |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> |} == Ibyubahiro == === Umukinnyi === '''Leopards Douala''' * Igice cya Kameruni Première : 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74 <ref name="classic"/> '''Tonnerre Yaoundé''' * Igikombe cy'Abatsinze Igikombe cya Afurika : 1975 <ref name="classic"/> * Igikombe cya Kameruni : 1991 <ref name="classic" /> '''Monaco''' * Coupe de France : 1979–80 <ref name="classic"/> '''Bastia''' * Coupe de France: 1980–81 <ref name="classic"/> '''Montpellier''' * Icyiciro cya 2 : 1986–87 <ref name="classic"/> '''Kameruni''' * Igikombe cy'Afurika cy'Ibihugu : 1984, <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Nations Cup 1984 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/84a-det.html |access-date=August 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> 1988 ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Nations Cup 1988 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/88a-det.html |access-date=August 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> uwa kabiri, 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Nations Cup 1986 - Final Tournament Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/86a-det.html |access-date=August 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> * Igikombe cy'ibihugu bya Afurika na Aziya : 1985 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afro-Asian Cup of Nations 1985-Squad Lists |url=https://www.besoccer.com/competition/squads/copa-naciones-afro-asiatica/1985 |access-date=August 9, 2025 |language=en |archive-date=September 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250914121600/https://www.besoccer.com/competition/squads/copa-naciones-afro-asiatica/1985 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afro-Asian Cup of Nations-Final 1985 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asafr.html#85 |access-date=August 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> === Umuntu ku giti cye === * Umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru w'umwaka muri Afurika : 1976, 1990 <ref name="classic"/> * Umukinnyi mwiza mu gikombe cya Afurika : 1986, 1988 <ref name="classic" /> * Igikombe cya Afurika cy'Ibihugu cyatsinze ibitego byinshi: 1986, 1988 <ref name="classic" /> * Inkweto y'umuringa yo mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA : 1990 <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 1990 - Scorers' list |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/90full.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421181034/http://www.rsssf.com/tables/90full.html |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=11 March 2016 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> * Ikipe y'inyenyeri zose mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA : 1990 <ref name="FIFA World Cup Awards: All-Star Team">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Cup Awards: All-Star Team |url=http://football.sporting99.com/fifa-world-cup-all-star-team.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630203237/http://football.sporting99.com/fifa-world-cup-all-star-team.html |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=22 March 2015}}</ref> * FIFA 100 <ref name="classic" /> * [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|Umukinnyi mwiza w'umunyafurika wa CAF mu myaka 50 ishize]] : 2007 <ref name="classic" /> * Igihembo cya Golden Foot Legends : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legends |url=http://www.goldenfoot.com/legends.php?l=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925120930/http://www.goldenfoot.com/legends.php?l=en |archive-date=25 September 2015 |access-date=24 September 2015 |publisher=Golden Foot}}</ref> * Inkuru za IFFHS <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2016 |title=IFFHS announce the 48 football legend players |url=http://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924082150/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |archive-date=24 September 2019 |access-date=14 September 2016 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref> * Umupira w'Amaguru ku Isi : Abakinnyi 100 Bakomeye b'Amaguru b'Ibihe Byose <ref name="World Soccer Players of the Century">{{Cite web |title=World Soccer Players of the Century |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamHons/HonsWldSocPlyrsCent.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210404034430/http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamHons/HonsWldSocPlyrsCent.html |archive-date=4 April 2021 |access-date=22 October 2018 |website=World Soccer}}</ref> * [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|CAF Golden Jubilee Umukinnyi wa mbere mwiza kurusha abandi]] '''Amabwiriza''' * Umunyacyubahiro w'umutwe w'icyubahiro : 2006 == Reba kandi ==   * Urutonde rw'abakinnyi b'umupira w'amaguru b'abagabo bafite ibitego 500 cyangwa birenga == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * Roger Milla – FIFA competition record (archived) {{Navboxes|bg=gold|fg=navy|title=Awards|list1={{1990 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{1986 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament}} {{1988 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament}} {{Africa Cup of Nations top scorers}} {{Africa Cup of Nations Player of the Tournament}} {{African Footballer of the Year}} {{FIFA 100}} {{Golden Foot Legends Award}}}}{{Navboxes|title=Cameroon squads|bg=#007A5E|fg=#FCD116|bordercolor=#CE1126|list1={{Cameroon squad 1982 FIFA World Cup}} {{Cameroon football squad 1984 Summer Olympics}} {{Cameroon squad 1986 African Cup of Nations}} {{Cameroon squad 1988 African Cup of Nations}} {{Cameroon squad 1990 FIFA World Cup}} {{Cameroon squad 1994 FIFA World Cup}}}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4rb2qjzgo2jtmk77m73cspmv4if9kyy 0 21680 149540 128436 2026-11-08T08:48:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149540 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikipe y'abagore ya Cricket y'u Rwanda yazengurutse ikina muri nijeriya muri Mutarama 2019 kugira ngo ikine imikino y'aginshuti n'amakipe itanu y'abagore muri Twenty20 International (WT20I ) (nyuma ryaje kwitwa irushanwa rya cricket rya Nigeria . <ref name="series">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=Rwanda Women Cricket Team Set For Nigeria Tour |url=https://ktpress.rw/2019/01/rwanda-women-cricket-team-set-for-nigeria-tour/ |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=KT Press}}</ref> Iyi ni yo mikino ya mbere ifite urwego rwa WT20I yakinwe n'impande zombi, nyuma y'uko Inama Mpuzamahanga ya Cricket itangaje ko imikino yose ikinwa hagati y'amakipe y'abagore kuva kuya tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 2018 izaba ifite urwego rwuzuye rwa T20I. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/672322 |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=[[International Cricket Council]]}}</ref> Ahabereye imikino yose ni muri Sitade y'Igihugu i [[Abuja]] . <ref name="series" /> == Amarushanwa == Nijeriya yatsinze U Rwanda uruhererekane rw'amaseti 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda restores some pride after final match win to peg the series at 3-2 |url=https://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2019/01/30/rwanda-restores-some-pride-after-final-match-win-to-peg-the-series-at-3-2/ |access-date=30 January 2019 |website=Nigeria Cricket Federation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623165523/http://nigeriacricket.com.ng/2019/01/30/rwanda-restores-some-pride-after-final-match-win-to-peg-the-series-at-3-2/ |archive-date=23 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria women to tour Rwanda for return leg of bilateral T20I series |url=https://www.emergingcricket.com/news/nigeria-women-to-tour-rwanda-for-return-leg-of-bilateral-t20i-series/ |access-date=27 August 2019 |website=Emerging Cricket}}</ref> Irushanwa ryahaye amakipe yombi imyiteguro yayo mbere y'irushanwa rya ICC Women's Qualifier Africa ryo muri 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Nigeria tour will boost ladies' national team, says cricket body |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/nigeria-tour-will-boost-ladies-national-team-says-cricket-body |access-date=15 July 2019 |website=The New Times}}</ref> ryabereye muri Zimbabwe muri Gicurasi 2019. <ref name="ICC">{{Cite web |title=Thailand plays host as the road to the Women's T20 and 50-over World Cups begins |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1054922 |access-date=4 October 2025 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] av9cf1zfkn2euyy7ma66e0xxqn6ochp 0 21685 149306 142383 2026-11-07T20:13:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | image = Jose Chameleone.webp | name = Jose Chameleone | label = Leone Island Records | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Joseph Mayanja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|4|30}} | birth_place = [[Kampala]], Uganda | years_active = 1990s–present | module = Relatives: {{unbulleted list|[[Pallaso]] (brother)|[[AK 47 Mayanja|Akay 47]] (brother)|Weasel (brother)}} | genre = {{flat list| *[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] *[[Afro pop music|Afro pop]] *[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] *[[Dancehall]] *[[Zouk]] *[[Afrobeats]]}} | occupation = {{flat list| *Singer *songwriter *record producer}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| *[[Beenie Man]] *[[Konshens]] *[[Sizzla]] *[[Morgan Heritage]] *[[Dr.Alban]] *[[Koffi Olomide]] *[[Pallaso]] *[[Patoranking]] *[[Davido]] *[[Goodlyfe Crew]] *[[Professor Jay]]}} *[[A.Y. (musician)|AY]] *[[Dj Pius]] *[[Ogopa Dj]] | landscape = yes }} '''Joseph Mayanja''' (wavutse kuya 30 mata 1979), uzwicyane kwizina ry'ubuhanzi rya '''Jose Chameleone''', numuhanzi akaba n'umucuranzi w'umunya -Uganduririmba injyana ya AfroBeat . Aririmba mu [[Ikiganda|rurimi rw'Ikiganda]], [[Icyongereza]] [[Igiswahili|n'Igiswahili]] . == Ubuzima bwa mbere n'uburezi == Joseph Mayanja yavutse kuya 30 Mata 1979 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |date=2016-11-10 |title=Jose Chameleone- Biography, Age, Married, Wife, Children, Real names |url=https://kenyanlife.info/jose-chameleone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507080418/https://kenyanlife.info/jose-chameleone/ |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuri Gerald na Prossy Mayanja mukarere ka Kampala, akabumwana wa kane mubana umunani. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The legend grows: Life and career of Jose Chameleone |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1509734 |access-date=2022-03-08 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Yize mwishuri ribanza rya Nakasero, mwishuri ryisumbuye rya Mengo, mwishuri ryisumbuye rya Kawempe Muslim, mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Katikamu rya karindwi ry’abadivantisiti, no mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Progressive Senior. <ref name=":2"/> Yahimbye indirimbo y’ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kawempe Muslim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=BigEyeUg3 |date=2013-09-06 |title=Ten Things You Did Not Know About Dr.Jose Chameleone |url=https://bigeye.ug/ten-things-you-did-not-know-about-dr-jose-chameleone/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=BigEye.UG |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwesigwa |first=Solomon |date=2020-02-29 |title=Jose Chameleone: I sat for UACE exams to pursue a degree in the USA |url=http://mbu.ug/2020/02/29/jose-chameleone-i-sat-for-uace-exams-to-pursue-a-degree-in-the-usa/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> Niumwe mubagize [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] y’i Roma muri Uganda. == Umwuga w'umuziki == Injyana ya Chameleone nuruvange rw'indirimbo gakondo zomuri Uganda, rhumba yo muri Afurika yo Hagati, zouk, na reggae . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jose Chameleone Biography, Profile and Life Story |url=https://www.howwebiz.ug/JChameleone/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215329/https://www.howwebiz.ug/JChameleone/biography |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=www.howwebiz.ug}}</ref> Umwuga wewatangiye mu 1996 nk'umu DJ muri Missouri night club i Kampala . Yatangiye gukora nk'umucuranzi mu 1998 muri Kenya arikumwe n'itsinda rya Ogopa Deejays, icyogihe rikaba ryari irya Kenya, ryasohoye indirimbo yeyambere, "Bageya", yari irimo umuhanzi w'umunyakenya Redsan . <ref name=":0"/> Chameleone yashyizahagaragara alubumu yeyambere, ''Mama Mia'', mu 2000. Kugeza mu 2013, yari amaze gushyira ahagaragara alubumu 13 zose, zirimo ''Kipepeo'', ''Shida za dunia'', ''Valu valu'', ''Bayuda'', ''Badilisha'', ''Banana nziza'' na ''Nyampinga'' . <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jose Chameleone on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ug/artist/jose-chameleone/318588116 |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Apple Music |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jose Chameleone |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/6nTXL0DkmSqjvcKjn6hCUz |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jose Chameleone |url=https://www.deezer.com/us/artist/5000009 |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Deezer |language=en-US}}</ref> Nubwumuzikiwe ukunzwe hiryanohino kumugabane w' Afurika, abafana be benshi/abamwumva bakomoka cyane cyane mu gice cyo hagati cya Afurika ( [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Uburundi|u Burundi]], [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], na [[Tanzaniya]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chameleone and AK47 thrill Rwandan fans |url=https://www.hipipo.com/chameleone-and-ak47-thrill-rwandan-fans/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=HiPipo |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampurire |first=Paul |date=30 December 2021 |title=Bebe Cool's stardom in Nairobi is what pushed Chameleone to leave Uganda – Chagga |url=https://pluggedaily.com/2021/12/30/bebe-cools-stardom-in-nairobi-is-what-pushed-chameleone-to-leave-uganda-chagga/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaririmbye imbere y'abantu benshi cyane kuri sitade ya Lugogo Cricket Oval i Kampala. Chameleone yakoreye ibitaramo mpuzamahanga, harimo muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], [[Kanada]], [[Ubwongereza]], [[Suwede]], [[Ububiligi]], <ref name="sauti">{{Cite web |title=Sauti za Busara: ''Jose Chameleone'' |url=http://www.busaramusic.com/database/artists.php?whereartistlike=%25Jose%20Chameleone%25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152350/http://www.busaramusic.com/database/artists.php?whereartistlike=%25Jose%20Chameleone%25 |archive-date=10 October 2008 |access-date=17 February 2007}}</ref> [[Malesiya|Maleziya]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Zambiya]], [[Malawi]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Epfo]], [[Ubudage]], [[Ubusuwisi|n'Ubusuwisi]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yazengurutse Ositaraliya mu 2017 no muri Werurwe 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cutting |first=Lucie |date=23 April 2023 |title=How Ugandan superstar Jose Chameleone was enticed to perform in Tasmania by Hobart mum |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-23/ugandan-superstar-jose-chameleone-special-hobart-gig-in-2017/102231108 |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2023, Chameleone yakozigitaramo cyiza cyitwa "Gwanga Mujje", bisobanura "reka igihugu cyose kizitabire". Ikigitaramo cyabereye i Lugogo Cricket Oval i Kampala. Igitaramo cyari giteganyijwe mbere y'itariki, cyasubitswe kuberimvura nyinshi maze cyimurirwa kuya 24 Gashyantare 2023. <ref name="Luggya">{{Cite web |last=Luggya |first=Jude |date=10 October 2014 |title=Chameleone dedicates One Man One Million concert to Karamoja – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201410/four-one-one/chameleone-dedicates-one-man-one-million-concert-to-karamoja.html |access-date=2023-03-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title=Event organisers call a halt to 'Gwanga Mujje' concert over unpaid losses |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/event-organisers-call-a-halt-to-gwanga-mujje-concert-over-unpaid-losses/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Chameleone yateguye igikorwa cy’urukundo cyagurishijwe cyanecyitwa "One Man, One Million" muri Victoria Hall i Kampala. Ikigikorwa cyashyigikiwe na Madamu wa Perezida wa Uganda, Janet Museveni, kandi abitabiriye basabwaga kwishyura miliyoni imwe [[Amashilingi ya Uganda|y’amashilingi ya Uganda]] kugira ngo bitabire. <ref name="newvision.co.ug">{{Cite web |title=Chameleon halves 'one man one million' concert ticket fee |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1317163 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Luggya"/> === Ikirango cy'umuziki === Chameleone ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’inzu y’umuziki ya Leone Island. Abahanzi bafitanye isano n’iyi nzu barimo nyakwigendera Mosey Radio, Weasel, nyakwigendera AK 47 Mayanja, King Saha, Papa Cidy, Pallaso, [[Melody Uganda]], Yung Mulo na Big Eye. <ref name=":2"/> == Ibindi bikorwa == Uwahoze ari Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Uganda, [[Rebecca Kadaga]], yagennye Chameleone kuba Ambasaderi wa Busoga Tourism Initiative. Anayobora Chameleone Foundation, igamije guteza imbere ubumenyi n'impano mu rubyiruko rudafite amahirwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RedPepper website: Speaker Kadaga For Tubonge Concert |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/speaker-kadaga-for-tubonge-concert/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819154621/https://redpepper.co.ug/speaker-kadaga-for-tubonge-concert/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=1 April 2014}}</ref> Chameleone ni umwe mu bagize ihuriro ry'abahanzi bakoresha icyamamare cyabo n'ubutunzi bwabo mu gufasha kugabanya ubukene no gukora ubukangurambaga ku cyorezo cya [[SIDA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chameleon |url=http://afrobios.com/-Chameleon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215623/http://afrobios.com/-Chameleon |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=afrobios.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Pier |first=G. David |date=2015 |title=Ugandan Music in the Marketing Era |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057%2F9781137546975 |isbn=978-1-137-54939-6 |pages=171–179 |doi=10.1057/9781137546975 |access-date=31 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603214256/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057%2F9781137546975 |archive-date=3 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Yiyamamarije umwanya wa Meya wa Kampala mu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=All Africa.com |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201906050404.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924172821/https://allafrica.com/stories/201906050404.html |archive-date=24 September 2019 |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> == Ibihembo == === Yatsinze === * Ibihembo bya Pearl of Africa Music Awards bya 2004 (PAM Awards) – Umuhanzi w’umwaka n’indirimbo y’umwaka ("Jamila") * Ibihembo bya Pearl of Africa Music Awards bya 2005 (PAM Awards) – Umuhanzi/Itsinda ryiza rya Afro Beat n'indirimbo nziza ya Afro Beat ("Kipepeo") * Ibihembo bya Muzika bya Tanzaniya byo mu 2004 – Albumu nziza yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ( ''Bei Kali'' ) * Ibihembo bya Muzika bya Tanzaniya bya 2005 - Albumu nziza ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ( ''Jamila'' ) * Ibihembo bya Pearl of Africa Music Awards bya 2006 (PAM Awards) – Umuhanzi/Itsinda rya Afro Beat mwiza * 2006 Kisima Music Awards - Indirimbo nziza ya Uganda ("Mama Rhoda") & Video Yumuziki Nziza ("Mama Rhoda") * 2007 Kisima Music Awards - Indirimbo nziza ya Uganda ("Sivyo Ndiviyo" hamwe na Professor Jay ) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141218163446/http://www.hipipo.com/hma/2014/news/553/Full-List-Of-Winners-Hipipo-Music-Awards-2014 Ibihembo bya HiPipo Music Awards] bya 2014 Archived - Indirimbo yumwaka ("Badilisha") * Ibihembo bya Afurika by'imyidagaduro bya 2013 – Umuhanzi Mpuzamahanga w'Umugabo Mwiza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Nominees List for the 2013 African Entertainment Awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/22512/official-nominees-list-for-the-2013-african-entertainment-aw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073732/https://www.modernghana.com/music/22512/official-nominees-list-for-the-2013-african-entertainment-aw.html |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> * 2014 HiPipo Music Awards - Indirimbo nziza yumugabo ZOUK ("Badilisha") * Ibihembo bya All Africa Music Awards 2015 (AFRIMA) – Umwanditsi w’indirimbo w’umwaka <ref>{{Cite web |title=All Africa Music Awards (AFRIMA) - 2015 All Africa Music Awards, AFRIMA, Winners List |url=https://afrima.org/english/index.php/media2/news-update/171-2015-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032507/https://afrima.org/english/index.php/media2/news-update/171-2015-all-africa-music-awards-afrima-winners-list |archive-date=2017-12-01 |website=afrima.org}}</ref> * [[Galaxy Zzina Music Awards|Ibihembo bya Galaxy Zzina Music Awards]] 2018 – Igihembo cya Legend <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2019 |title=Full List of Zzina Award Winners 2018/2019 |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2019/03/23/full-list-of-zzina-award-winners-2018-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131234008/http://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2019/03/23/full-list-of-zzina-award-winners-2018-2019/ |archive-date=31 January 2020 |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2018 |title=Zzina Awards 2018: Here's the full list of nominees |url=https://bigeye.ug/zzina-awards-2018-heres-the-full-list-of-nominees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215125935/http://bigeye.ug/zzina-awards-2018-heres-the-full-list-of-nominees/ |archive-date=15 February 2020 |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> === Yatowe === * Ibihembo bya Kora byo mu 2003 - Umuhanzi mwiza wo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * Ibihembo bya Kora byo mu 2004 – Umuhanzi w’umugabo mwiza wo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba * Ibihembo bya MOBO byo mu 2006 - Umunyafurika mwiza kurusha abandi * Ibihembo bya MTV Europe Music Awards 2007 - Umuhanzi mwiza w'umunyafurika * Ibihembo bya Muzika bya Tanzaniya bya 2012 - Indirimbo nziza ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ("Valu Valu") <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kili awards 2012 Nominees 8 February 2012 |url=http://www.bongo5.com/kili-awards-2012-nominees-hawa-hapa-02-2012/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819154716/http://bongo5.com/kili-awards-2012-nominees-hawa-hapa-02-2012/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> * Ibihembo bya Muzika ku Isi bya 2014 (ibyiciro bitatu) - Umuhanzi w'umugabo mwiza ku isi, Umuhanzi w'imbyino wa Live mwiza ku isi n'umuhanzi mwiza ku isi <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2014 |title=Chameleone Nominated for World Music Awards |url=http://chimpreports.com/17208-chameleone-nominated-for-world-music-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720200739/http://www.chimpreports.com/17208-chameleone-nominated-for-world-music-awards |archive-date=20 July 2017 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> * Ibihembo bya MTV Africa Music Awards 2015 – Igihembo cya MAMA Evolution <ref>{{Cite web |title=DSTV Mobile — DSTV &#124; Movies &#124; Sport &#124; Series &#124; Music &#124; TV Guide &#124; Entertainment |url=http://m.dstv.com/news/mama-evolution-award-nominees-20150630 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010154319/http://m.dstv.com/news/mama-evolution-award-nominees-20150630 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> == Disiki y'amajwi == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Alubumu ! Ikirango cy'amajwi |- |- | 2000 | ''Bageya'' | rowspan="5" | Ogopa Deejays |- | 2001 | ''Mama Mia'' |- | 2002 | ''Njo Karibu'' |- | 2003 | ''Ijwi rya Zahabu'' |- | 2004 | ''Mambo Bado'' |- | 2005 | ''Kipepeo'' | |- | 2006 | ''Shida za Dunia'' | |- | 2007 | ''Sivyo Ndibyo'' | |- | 2007 | ''Katupakase'' | |- | 2009 | ''Bayuda'' | |- | 2010 | ''Vumilia'' | |- | 2012 | ''Agaciro k'agaciro'' | |- | 2013 | ''Badilisha'' | |- | 2014 | ''Wale Wale'' | |- | 2016 | ''Sili Mujawo'' | |- | 2017 | ''Igitoki cyiza, superstar, Mshamba'' | |- | 2018 | ''Nyampinga, Mateeka, Kilabe'' ''Tatizo'' | |- | 2020 | ''Baliwa, Bolingo ya Nzambe'' | |- | 2021 | ''Ndi Yozefu - Ndaje vuba'' |} == Reba kandi == * Divayi ya Bobi * Bebe cool == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8htqenaeygppo18d0lywa4poy11h9u6 0 21730 149246 128573 2026-11-07T19:36:00Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thiago Cordeiro''' ku ya 30 Mata 1981 wavukiye i [[Nyamirambo]] , <ref name="espn">{{Cite web |title=Thiago Cordeiro Stats, Bio - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/player/_/id/36097/thiago-cordeiro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905121935/http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/player/_/id/36097/thiago-cordeiro |archive-date=2014-09-05 |access-date=2014-09-05}}</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] ni umukinnyi wa Basketball ukomoka muri Burezili wakiniye mu ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda ya Basketball mu irushanwa rya FIBA Africa Championship ryo muri 2009. Yakiniye Dayton Flyers basketball y'abagabo mu mwaka wa 2007-08. <ref name="espn" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Podvodníci mezinárodního basketbalu: Katar, Libye a Rwanda |url=http://basketbal.cz/13377-podvodnici-mezinarodniho-basketbalu-katar-libye-a-rwanda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905110219/http://basketbal.cz/13377-podvodnici-mezinarodniho-basketbalu-katar-libye-a-rwanda.html |archive-date=2014-09-05 |access-date=2014-09-05}}</ref> Kayijuka yiyongereye mu ikipe y’u Rwanda mu irushanwa rya FIBA rya Afurika ryo muri 2009 nyuma y’uko abakinnyi babiri b’u Rwanda bavuye mu irushanwa ibyumweru bitatu mbere y’uko umukino utangira wari uteganyijwe. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, Kayijuka yatsinze amanota 5.8 ya PPG, 5 RPG, na 1.6 BPG mu gihe yafatanyaga na Robert Thomson, mu afasha Abanyarwanda kurangiza ku mwanya wa 9 ndetse no kwitwara neza kugeza ubu mu irushanwa rya Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://libya2009.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/09/fafcm/player/p/pid/74695/sid/6599/tid/352/profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813034434/http://www.libya2009.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/09/fafcm/player/p/pid/74695/sid/6599/tid/352/profile.html |archive-date=2009-08-13 |access-date=2009-08-30}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 2d8vjczmoss6csxkhc5xqm2egq1jciu 0 21749 149304 141740 2026-11-07T20:10:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:HOTSPOTATL - 21 Savage & J.Cole Light Birthday Bash ATL 2023 On FIRE (xu6HKf40MX0 - 2m38s) (cropped).jpg|thumb|J. Cole ukora umuzika agakina na basketball muri PAtriots BBC]] '''Jermaine Lamarr Cole''' (yavutse ku ya 28 Mutarama 1985) ni umuraperi ukomoka muri umunyamerika akaba atunganya amajwi y'indirimbo. Yavukiye mu kigo cya gisirikare mu Budage akurira i Fayetteville, muri Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=J. Cole |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/j-cole-interview-billboard-cover-story-8476757/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927174311/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8476757/j-cole-interview-billboard-cover-story |archive-date=September 27, 2018 |access-date=May 10, 2018 |website=Biography |publisher=A&E Television Networks |language=en-us}}</ref> Cole yatangiye kumenyekana nk’umuraperi nyuma yo gusohora indirimbo za mbere, mu ntangiriro za 2007. Agamije gukomeza umwuga we wa muzika, yasinye amasezerano na Roc Nation ya Jay-Z muri 2009 anasohora izindi ndirimbo ebyirii.<ref>{{Cite web |title=J. Cole |url=https://www.rocnation.com/music/j-cole/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805083648/http://rocnation.com/j-cole |archive-date=August 5, 2017 |access-date=April 7, 2020}}</ref> == Umwuga wa Basketball == Cole yakinnye [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Terri Saniforde muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru. yagerageje kujya muri Kaminuza ya St. John kandi yari umwe mu bakinnyi 10 bahamagawe mu mwaka we wa kabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleeson |first=Scott |title=Rapper J. Cole to play for Rwanda in pro basketball league in Africa |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2021/05/10/rapper-j-cole-to-play-rwanda-basketball-africa-league/5020796001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512130056/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2021/05/10/rapper-j-cole-to-play-rwanda-basketball-africa-league/5020796001/ |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=May 12, 2021 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Mu 2012, Cole yakiniye ikipe y'Iburasirazuba mu mukino w'ibyamamare wa NBA. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2016 |title=NBA All-Star Celebrity Game Grades: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/article/14769543/nba-all-star-celebrity-game-grades-good-bad-ugly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416025749/http://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/article/14769543/nba-all-star-celebrity-game-grades-good-bad-ugly |archive-date=April 16, 2017 |access-date=May 12, 2021 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Mu 2013, Cole yabwiye ''Sports Illustrated'' ati: "Siporo nibwo yatangira kuri njye. Ijyanye n'ubuzima bwanjye. Rap ni ikintu gikunda amarushanwa. Niyo mpamvu ntagomba kureka siporo. Ngomba gukomeza. Ni ubuzima bwanjye mu bundi buryo. Mu Rwanda yaje gukinira Patriots BBC ubwo yari mu marushanwa ya shampiyona yu Rwanda, ndetse na marushamwa nyafurika ya bale Mu 2014, mu kiganiro na Angie Martinez, Cole yashyize Tupac, The Notorious BIG, Nas, na Jay- Z mu baraperi be bane ba mbere mu bihe byose, naho André 3000 na Eminem bazamuka ku mwanya wa gatanu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Trevor |date=December 12, 2014 |title=J. Cole Lists Top 5 Rappers, Recalls "Worshipping" Eminem |url=http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/j-cole-lists-top-5-rappers-recalls-worshipping-eminem-news.13210.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132023/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/j-cole-lists-top-5-rappers-recalls-worshipping-eminem-news.13210.html |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |access-date=November 14, 2016 |website=hotnewhiphop}}</ref> == Impaka == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] pbksoo6a5crqswphm9po96o8y0xey50 0 22110 149317 145092 2026-11-07T20:19:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club|clubname=Kitara F.C|nickname=The Royals|founded={{Start date and age|2010}}|owner=[[Asaba Jumah]]|website={{URL|kitarafc.co.ug}}|league=[[Ugandan Premier League]]|fullname=Kitara Football Club|ground=The Royals Park Buteema|manager=Wasswa Bbosa|stadium=[[The Royals Park]], Stadium|capacity=40,315|image=Kitara-FC-logo.png|caption=Kitara FC logo}}'''Kitara FC''', izwikandi nka '''Kitara Football Club''' cyangwa '''The Royals''', <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=Kitara FC, Mbarara FC promoted to Uganda Premier League |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ni ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y’umupira w’amaguru y’ababigize]] umwuga yomuri Uganda ifiticyicaro i Hoima City . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=Brian Aheebwa: Kitara FC finally unveils forward |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/08/08/brian-aheebwa-kitara-fc-finally-unveils-forward/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081244/https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/08/08/brian-aheebwa-kitara-fc-finally-unveils-forward/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Ikina mucyiciro cya mbere cya shampiyona y’umupira w’amaguru ya Uganda izwi nk'Uganda Premier League <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Kitara FC win their first ever Fufa Big League title, NEC promoted |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924173953/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 |archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2022-08-09 |title=Kitara FC Reappoints Twinamatsiko as Head Coach |url=https://chimpreports.com/kitara-fc-reappoints-twinamatsiko-as-head-coach/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082747/https://chimpreports.com/kitara-fc-reappoints-twinamatsiko-as-head-coach/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Chimp reports}}</ref> == Amateka == Kitara FC yashinzwe mu 2010 n’abaturagebaho i Bunyoro babifashijwemo na Kabalega <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-05 |title=Season Preview: Ssenyondo's Kitara dreaming big |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Deo Kasozi niwuyoboye ikipe. Yafashe uyumwanya muri Nyakanga 2022, asimbuye Godfrey Bamwenda, wabaye perezida w’ikipe mugihe cy’imyaka 4 kuvamu 2018. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 "Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 "Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sitade == Kitara FC ikina by'agateganyo imikino yayoya nyuma murugo kuri sitade ya Hoima city. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://kitarafc.co.ug/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106085754/https://kitarafc.co.ug/about/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Kitara FC |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abashyigikiye == Abafana ba Kitara FC murirusange bakomoka mukarere ka Bunyoro hamwe n'abandi bafana muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 "Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ikipe == ''Guhera mu Ukwakira 2023'' Kitara FC irimo bamwe mubakinnyi bari muriyokipe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Players |url=https://kitarafc.co.ug/first-match/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082752/https://kitarafc.co.ug/first-match/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Kitara FC |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 "Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Bamwe mu bakinnyi ba Kitara FC ! Oya ! Umwanya ! Igihugu ! Umukinnyi |- | 07 | FW | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Jude Ssemugabi |- | 19 | FW | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Derrick Byabachwezi |- | | |- | 26 | DF | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Ibrahim Magandazi |- | 23 | MF | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Okello Donato |- | 04 | MF | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Frank Zaga |- | 30 | FW | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Sabira Yassinah |- | 11 | FW | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Brian Aheebwa |- | 17 | DF | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Benjamin Nyakoojo |- | 13 | GK | [[Ubugande|UG]] | Chrispus Kusiima |} == Ibyubahiro == Yambitswigikombe cya FUFA Big League 2022/23. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=FUFA Big League: Kitara FC Crowned Winners |url=https://fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Kitara FC win their first ever Fufa Big League title, NEC promoted |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924173953/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 |archive-date=2023-09-24 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 "Kitara FC win their first ever Fufa Big League title, NEC promoted"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-05-18. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230924173953/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title--4239548 Archived] from the original on 2023-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Kitara FC win their first ever Fufa Big League title, NEC promoted |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/sports/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title-nec-promoted.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082748/https://www.kfm.co.ug/sports/kitara-fc-win-their-first-ever-fufa-big-league-title-nec-promoted.html |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=93.3 KFM |language=en-US}}</ref> Yambitswigikombe cya Stanbic Uganda Cup 2023/24 == Inyandiko == Yatsinze Kiboga Young FC 1-0 ku ya 21-10-2020 muri FUFA Technical Centre, Njeru byatumye izamurwamuri shampiyona ya Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-22 |title=Police blocks Kitara FC victory march |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/police-blocks-kitara-fc-victory-march--2719230 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2020-10-21 |title=Kitara FC Promoted to Uganda Premier League |url=https://chimpreports.com/kitara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082746/https://chimpreports.com/kitara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Chimp reports}}</ref> Yitabiriye shampiyona ya FUFA Big league 2019/2020 <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 "Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> '''Igihembwe cya 2020/21''' Kitara FC yasezerewe mucyiciro cyambere cya shampiyona ya Uganda ya 2020/21 mbere y'igihe nyuma y'icyorezo cya COVID-19 mur'Uganda, ifitamanota 13 mumikino 27 yakinnye. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=Kitara FC, Mbarara FC promoted to Uganda Premier League |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 "Kitara FC, Mbarara FC promoted to Uganda Premier League"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-05-11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/kitara-fc-mbarara-fc-promoted-to-uganda-premier-league-4231364 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-05 |title=Season Preview: Ssenyondo's Kitara dreaming big |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 "Season Preview: Ssenyondo's Kitara dreaming big"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-09-05. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081249/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/season-preview-ssenyondo-s-kitara-dreaming-big-4359154 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 "Kitara FC unveils premier league players, coaching staff"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106084254/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_168595 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 "Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> '''2022/23''' Yatsinze Kaaro Karungi FC 1- 0 kumukino wabereyahitwa Kigaaya Primary School Ground. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=New Vision |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 "Kitara FC gets a new club president, promises to revamp the club"]. ''New Vision''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_138860 Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=FUFA Big League: Kitara FC Crowned Winners |url=https://fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ |archive-date=2023-11-06 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ "FUFA Big League: Kitara FC Crowned Winners"]. ''FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations''. 2023-05-18. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231106081250/https://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-big-league-kitara-fc-crowned-league-winners/ Archived] from the original on 2023-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> '''Igihembwe cya 2023/24''' Kitara FC yinjiye mumwaka mushya w'imikino, Umutoza Mukuru Brian Ssenyondo yegukanye igikombe cya Uganda Cup cya mbere muri Gicurasi 2024 ubwo yatsindaga NEC FC igitego 1-0 kuri Wankulukuku. Igitego cyatsinzwe n'umukinnyi wasimbuye Solomon Okwalinga mu gice cya kabiri kumunota wa 73. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Kitara FC win Stanbic Uganda Cup |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/kitara-fc-are-winners-of-stanbic-uganda-cup/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Umunyezamu wabo Jamil Kiyemba yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w'agaciro cyane ndetse n'umunyezamu mwiza w'irushanwa ryose <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2024-05-25 |title=Kitara see off NEC to clinch Stanbic Uganda Cup |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/05/25/kitara-see-off-nec-to-clinch-stanbic-uganda-cup/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ubwo Uganda Cup yizihizaga imyaka 50 imazishinzwe. <ref name=":6" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Uganda Cup: Kitara winners of the 50th edition |url=https://chimpreports.com/uganda-cup-kitara-winners-of-the-50th-edition/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Gutwara Uganda Cup byabemereye kobazitabira imikino y'ibanze ya CAF Confederation Cup, ahobatangiriye gukina kumugabane w'Afurika. <ref name=":6" /> Barangije kumwanya wa kane muri shampiyona n'amanota 54 mu mikino 29, bamaze gutsinda imikino 16, banganya imikino 6 ndetse batsindwa imikino 7, bitumabarangiza barimunsi y'ikipe ya SC Villa irikumwanya wambere n'amanota 3 gusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023-24 Ugandan Premier League Standings |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/UGA.1/season/2023 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[BUL Jinja FC|BUL FC]] * Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Uganda * Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Uganda * KCCA FC == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} mit4nlfhfgjchznqmapcifi1eapj67f 0 22131 149444 129274 2026-11-07T21:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club||clubname=Victors FC|image=|fullname=Victors Football Club|nickname=|founded=2001|dissolved=2013|ground=[[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]], [[Uganda]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/uganda/victors-fc/|title=Uganda - Victors FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-date=2019-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116060113/https://int.soccerway.com/teams/uganda/victors-fc/|url-status=live}}</ref>|capacity=|chairman=|manager=|league=[[Ugandan Premier League]]|season=2012/13|position=14th (relegated)}}'''Victors FC''' yarikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru y'igihugu]] [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] ifiticyicaro i Kampala, yakinnye muri Ugandan Super League kugeza imanuka mu kiciro cya kabiri mu 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Soccerway profile |url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/uganda/victors-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116060113/https://int.soccerway.com/teams/uganda/victors-fc/ |archive-date=2019-01-16 |access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Victors FC yatwayigikombe cy'Uganda kabiri ndetse inagaragara mu gikombe cya CAF Confederations Cup. Murwego rwo kwitwara neza mugikombe cya Confederations, iyi kipe yazigamye $1,500 isaba abasifuzi baturutse muri Tanzaniya ahogusaba Eritrea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakama |first=James |title=Uganda: Victors FC Reduce Costs By Sh5.4 Million |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200901260047.html |publisher=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Iyikipe yamanukaga mumwaka wa 2013, inanirwa kwiyandikisha mucyiciro cyakabiri mumwaka wakurikiyeho. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Saints start new life with West Nile test |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/saints-start-new-life-with-west-nile-test/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126074951/https://redpepper.co.ug/saints-start-new-life-with-west-nile-test/ |archive-date=26 November 2022 |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> == Agahigo mu cyiciro cya mbere == {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:100%" !Igihembwe ! Icyiciro ! Shampiyona ! Pos. ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! Amanota ! Ingendo |- | '''2005''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>'''Itsinda B'''</small> | align="right" | '''Icya 2''' | align="right" | 8 | align="right" | 4 | align="right" | 3 | align="right" | 1 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 7 | align="right" | '''15''' |{{Center|<small>''Qualified for KO phase''<br> ''- reached quarter-finals''</small>}} |- | '''2006''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 6''' | align="right" | 28 | align="right" | 14 | align="right" | 7 | align="right" | 7 | align="right" | 28 | align="right" | 20 | align="right" | '''49''' | |- | '''2006–07''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 7''' | align="right" | 32 | align="right" | 12 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 9 | align="right" | 34 | align="right" | 33 | align="right" | '''47''' | |- | '''2007–08''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 5''' | align="right" | 34 | align="right" | 12 | align="right" | 16 | align="right" | 6 | align="right" | 32 | align="right" | 22 | align="right" | '''52''' | |- | '''2008–09''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 10''' | align="right" | 34 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 12 | align="right" | 31 | align="right" | 30 | align="right" | '''44''' | |- | '''2009–10''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 13''' | align="right" | 34 | align="right" | 9 | align="right" | 14 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 25 | align="right" | 30 | align="right" | '''41''' | |- | '''2010–11''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 5''' | align="right" | 26 | align="right" | 10 | align="right" | 9 | align="right" | 7 | align="right" | 33 | align="right" | 22 | align="right" | '''39''' | |- | '''2011–12''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 11''' | align="right" | 28 | align="right" | 7 | align="right" | 12 | align="right" | 9 | align="right" | 21 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | '''33''' | |- | '''2012–13''' | 1 | Shampiyona ya Uganda Super League | align="right" | '''Iya 14''' | align="right" | 30 | align="right" | 5 | align="right" | 14 | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | 17 | align="right" | 30 | align="right" | '''29''' | Yamanuwe ku mwanya wa mbere |- | <span style="color:#AAA;">Ubu</span> | | <span style="color:#AAA;">''Nta gihamya cyerekana ko iyi club ikora ubu.''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |} == Ibyagezweho == * '''Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Uganda : 0''' * '''Igikombe cya Uganda : 2''' :: 2008, 2010. == Amateka y'ibikombe bya Afurika == {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:100%" !Igihembwe ! Irushanwa ! Izunguruka ! Ikipe ! Ukuguru kwa mbere ! Igice cya kabiri ! Igiteranyo |- | 2009 | Igikombe cy'ishyirahamwe rya CAF | Icyiciro cya mbere |[[CAPS United F.C.|CAPS United FC]] | style="text-align:center;" | 0–2 | style="text-align:center;" | 0–1 | style="text-align:center;" | 0–3 |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | rowspan="2" | Igikombe cy'ishyirahamwe rya CAF | Icyiciro cya mbere |[[Mbabane Highlanders]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1–1 | style="text-align:center;" | 1–1 | style="text-align:center;" | 2–2 (4–1 p ) |- | Icyiciro cya mbere |[[Daring Club Motema Pembe|Motema Pembe]] | style="text-align:center;" | 1–1 | style="text-align:center;" | 0–1 | style="text-align:center;" | 1–2 |- |} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victors FC - Scoreshelf.com |url=http://scoreshelf.com/rmbb/en/Victors_FC |access-date=2014-02-08}}</ref> == Amasano yo hanze == * Official website == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} fmz2rnrp2y5or5dbttsginaffw52u6z 0 22137 149351 137133 2026-11-07T20:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shampiyona yo ku rwego''' rwa mbere mu mupira w'amaguru muri Ghana ni Shampiyonaikomeye cyane mu gihugu itegura n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa'[[:en:Ghana_Football_Association|amaguru rya Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkotu |date=19 February 2016 |title=Ghana Premier League: An Idiot's Guide |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727200205/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> ishingwa mu 1958 kugira ngo isimbure shampiyona yahozeho, '''Gold Coast Club Competition''' yatangiye kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1953–54. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, shampiyona yaabaye iya 8 Muri shampiyona zose zikinirwa ku mugabanee W'Afurika na TeamForm.com. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamForm League Ranking - Africa - The Latest |url=https://www.teamform.com/en/league-ranking/africa |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=TeamForm}}</ref> Asante Kotoko ni yo kipe imaze gutwara ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona aho ifite ibikombe 25, ikurikirwa na [[:en:Accra_Hearts_of_Oak_S.C.|Accra Hearts of Oak]] imaze gutwara ibikombe 20. Amakipe atatu ya nyuma buri mwaka amanuka w'imikino, agashyirwa mu mukiciro cya mbere cya .[[:en:Division_One_League|Ghanaian Division One League]] Muri [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|Shampiyona ya 2019-20]] yahagaritswe ndetse irahagarikwa bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyabaye muri Ghana, nk’icyatumye imikino y’umupira w’amaguru n’amarushanwa hirya no hino ku isi isubikwa cyangwa ihagarikwa . == Itangazamakuru == Muri Nzeri 2013, [[:en:Super_sport|SuperSport]] yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasinye amasezerano n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru rya Ghana yo kwerekana shampiyona kuri DStv na GOtv . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=SuperSport not bidding for broadcast rights of Ghana Premier League |url=https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042159/https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |website=Next TV News}}</ref> Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2016, ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa gitanga serivisi zo gutangaza filime StarTimes cyabonye uburenganzira bwo gukora televiziyo no gutangaza filime ku mugaragaro, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Startimes Acquires Ghana Premier League Media Rights |url=http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214730/http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Sport Industry South Africa}}</ref> byarangiye mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023-24, aho raporo nyinshi n'ibiganiro byavugaga ko StarTimes ifitiye GFA miliyoni 1 y'amadolari kandi ko iri mu biganiro byo gushaka andi masezerano mashya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamakloe |first=Victor Atsu |date=1 July 2024 |title=Hindsight: What next for GPL after StarTimes deal? |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hindsight-what-next-for-gpl-after-startimes-deal/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Joy FM (Ghana)|MyJoyOnline.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title="We did not continue our deal with StarTimes because they owe GFA close $1million" – Exco member Fred Acheampong |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/we-did-not-continue-our-deal-with-startimes-because-they-owe-gfa-close-1million-exco-member-fred-acheampong |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title={{sic|StarsTimes|nolink=y}} owe GFA close to $1million – Fred Acheampong reveals |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/StarsTimes-owe-GFA-close-to-1million-Fred-Acheampong-reveals-1949857 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=StarTimes in advanced talks with GFA to return as official broadcaster of Ghana Premier League |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/startimes-in-advanced-talks-with-gfa-to-return-as-official-broadcaster-of-ghana-premier-league |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> Ariko, raporo zigaragaza ko GTV Sports+, umuyoboro wa siporo w'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya leta ya Ghana cyitwa Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, wari wabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwerekana shampiyona ya 2024-25 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi |date=29 August 2024 |title=I’m not aware of GBC TV rights deal for Ghana Premier League – Dr Randy Abbey |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1337221/im-not-aware-of-gbc-tv-rights-deal-for-ghana-prem.html |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=GTV Sports+ secures exclusive rights to broadcast Ghana Premier League for next five seasons |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/gtv-sports-secures-exclusive-rights-to-broadcast-ghana-premier-league-for-next-five-seasons |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Guhera mu mwaka wa shampiyona ya Ghana Premier League wa 2025/2026, uburenganzira bwo Kwereka shampiyona bwahawe Adesa Production Limited. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Football Association |url=https://www.ghanafa.org |website=www.ghanafa.org |publisher=Ghana Football Association |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi batsinze == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Years !Champions |- |1958 |Hearts of Oak (1) |- |1959 |Asante Kotoko (1) |- |1960 |Eleven Wise (1) |- |1961–62 |Hearts of Oak (2) |- |1962–63 |Real Republicans (1) |- |1963–64 |Asante Kotoko (2) |- |1964–65 |Asante Kotoko (3) |- |1966 |Mysterious Dwarfs (1) |- |1967 |Asante Kotoko (4) |- |1968 |Asante Kotoko (5) |- |1969 |Asante Kotoko (6) |- |1970 |Accra Great Olympics (1) |- |1971 |Hearts of Oak (3) |- |1972 |Asante Kotoko (7) |- |1973 |Hearts of Oak (4) |- |1974 |Accra Great Olympics (2) |- |1975 |Asante Kotoko (8) |- |1976 |Hearts of Oak (5) |- |1977 |Sekondi Hasaacas (1) |- |1978 |Hearts of Oak (6) |- |1979 |Hearts of Oak (7) |- |1980 |Asante Kotoko (9) |- |1981 |Asante Kotoko (10) |- |1982 |Asante Kotoko (11) |- |1983 |Asante Kotoko (12) |- |1984 |Hearts of Oak (8) |- |1985 |Hearts of Oak (9) |- |1986 |Asante Kotoko (13) |- |1987 |Asante Kotoko (14) |- |1988–89 |Asante Kotoko (15) |- |1989–90 |Hearts of Oak (10) |- |1990–91 |Asante Kotoko (16) |- |1991–92 |Asante Kotoko (17) |- |1992–93 |Asante Kotoko (18) |- |1993–94 |Ashanti Gold (1) |- |1994–95 |Ashanti Gold (2) |- |1995–96 |Ashanti Gold (3) |- |1996–97 |Hearts of Oak (11) |- |1997–98 |Hearts of Oak (12) |- |1999 |Hearts of Oak (13) |- |2000 |Hearts of Oak (14) |- |2001 |Hearts of Oak (15) |- |2002 |Hearts of Oak (16) |- |2003 |Asante Kotoko (19) |- |2004 |Hearts of Oak (17) |- |2005 |Asante Kotoko (20) |- |2006–07 |Hearts of Oak (18) |- |2007–08 |Asante Kotoko (21) |- |2008–09 |Hearts of Oak (19) |- |2009–10 |Aduana Stars (1) |- |2010–11 |Berekum Chelsea (1) |- |2011–12 |Asante Kotoko (22) |- |2012–13 |Asante Kotoko (23) |- |2013–14 |Asante Kotoko (24) |- |2015 |Ashanti Gold (4) |- |2016 |Wa All Stars (1) |- |2017 |Aduana Stars (2) |- |2018 |''Abandoned'' |- |2019 |Asante Kotoko (25) |- |2019–20 |''Abandoned''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus : le Championnat du Ghana annulé |trans-title=Coronavirus: Ghana Championship Cancelled |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coronavirus-le-championnat-du-ghana-annule/1148715 |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=[[L'Équipe]]}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |Hearts of Oak (20) |- |2021–22 |Asante Kotoko (26) |- |2022–23 |Medeama (1) |- |2023–24 |Samartex (1) |- |2024–25 |Bibiani Gold Stars (1) |} == Kubona itike yo Kwitabira irishanwa rya CAF == Urutonde rw'amakipe azakina shampiyona ya CAF Champions League ya 2025-26 ndetse n'igikombe cya Confederation Cup cya CAF cya 2025-26 Bishingira ku bisubizo biva mu marushanwa ya buri kipe ya CAF kuva mu mwaka wa 2020-21 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024-25. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ; Ikimenyetso * '''CL''' : CAF Champions League * '''CC''' : Igikombe cya Confederation cya CAF * '''≥''' : Amanota y'amashyirahamwe ashobora kwiyongera bitewe n'uko amakipe yayo yitwaye mu irushanwa rya CAF clubs yo mu 2024-25. * {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Rank ! rowspan="2" width="200" |Association ! colspan="2" |2020–21<br /><br />{{Small|(× 1)}} ! colspan="2" |2021–22<br /><br />{{Small|(× 2)}} ! colspan="2" |2022–23<br /><br />{{Small|(× 3)}} ! colspan="2" |2023–24<br /><br />{{Small|(× 4)}} ! colspan="2" |2024–25<br /><br />{{Small|(× 5)}} ! rowspan="2" |Total |- !2025 !2024 !Mvt !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |1 |1 | align="center" |— | Egypt |8 |3 |7 |4 |8 |2.5 |7 |7 |10 |4 |'''190.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |2 |2 | align="center" |— | Morocco |4 |6 |9 |5 |8 |2 |2 |4 |5 |5 |'''142''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |3 |4 | align="center" | +1 | South Africa |8 |2 |5 |4 |4 |3 |4 |1.5 |9 |3 |'''131''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |4 |3 | align="center" | -1 | Algeria |6 |5 |7 |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |5 |5 |'''130''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |5 |6 | align="center" | +1 | Tanzania |3 |0.5 |0 |2 |3 |4 |6 |0 |2 |4 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |6 |5 | align="center" | -1 | Tunisia |4 |3 |5 |1 |4 |2 |6 |1 |3 |0.5 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |7 |8 | align="center" | +1 | Angola |1 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |3 |1.5 |2 |2 |'''55''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |8 |7 | align="center" | -1 | DR Congo |4 |0 |0 |3 |1 |2 |4 |0 |2 |0 |'''45''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |9 |9 | align="center" |— | Sudan |3 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |'''41''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |10 |11 | align="center" | +1 | Ivory Coast |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |3 |3 |0 |1 |2 |'''38''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |11 |10 | align="center" | -1 | Libya |0 |0.5 |0 |5 |0 |0.5 |0 |3 |0 |0 |'''24''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |12 |12 | align="center" |— | Nigeria |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1 |'''21''' |- |13 |15 | align="center" | +2 | Mali |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0.5 |'''18.5''' |- |14 |14 | align="center" |— | Ghana |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |3 |0 |0 |'''16''' |- |15 |13 | align="center" | -2 | Guinea |2 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''12''' |- |16 |19 | align="center" | +3 | Botswana |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''8.5''' |- |17 |21 | align="center" | +4 | Senegal |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |'''8''' |- |18 |17 | align="center" | -1 | Mauritania |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''8''' |- |19 |18 | align="center" | -1 | Congo |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |20 |16 | align="center" | -4 | Cameroon |0 |3 |0 |0.5 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |21 |22 | align="center" | +1 | Togo |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |22 |22 | align="center" |— | Uganda |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |23 | - | align="center" |new | Mozambique |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''2.5''' |- |24 |20 | align="center" | -4 | Zambia |0 |1.5 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''2.5''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Eswatini |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Niger |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |27 |26 | align="center" | -1 | Burkina Faso |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''0.5''' |} == Imikorere y'ikipe == {| class="wikitable" !Amakipe ! Umujyi/Akarere ! Imyaka ! Abatsinze ! Umutwe wa nyuma |- | Asante Kotoko | align="center" | [[Kumasi]], Akarere ka Ashanti | 1959, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2003, 2005, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2019, 2021–22 | align="center" | '''26''' | 2021–22 |- | Imitima y'Ishyamba | align="center" | [[Accra]], Accra Nkuru | 1958, 1961–62, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989–90, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2020–21 | align="center" | '''20''' | 2020–21 |- | Ashanti Gold [ a ] | align="center" | Obuasi, Akarere ka Ashanti | 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2015 | align="center" | '''4''' | 2015 |- | Olempike Nkuru ya Accra | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1970, 1974 | align="center" | '''2''' | 1974 |- | Inyenyeri za Aduana | align="center" | Dormaa Ahenkro, Akarere ka Bono | 2009–10, 2017 | align="center" | '''2''' | 2017 |- | Abahanga cumi n'umwe | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1960 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1960 |- | Abarepubulikani nyakuri | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1962–63 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1962–63 |- | Ibibembe bidasanzwe | align="center" | Cape Coast, Akarere ko Hagati | 1967 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1967 |- | Sekondi Hasaacas | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1977 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1977 |- | Berekum Chelsea | align="center" | Berekum, Akarere ka Bono | 2010–11 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2010–11 |- | Imijyi ya Legon [ b ] | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 2016 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2016 |- | Medeama | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2022–23 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2023 |- | Samartex | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2023–24 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2024 |- | Inyenyeri za Bibiani Zahabu | align="center" | Bibiani, Amajyaruguru y'Iburengerazuba | 2024-2025 | align="center" | 1 | 2025 |} == Abatsinze amanota menshi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+1973–2025 Ghana Premier League top scorers<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Topscorers |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120920/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Scorers |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/competition/co1232/records-top-goal-scorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112215115/http://www.worldfootball.net/top_scorer/gha-premier-league/ |archive-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=World Football}}</ref> !Season !Best scorers !Team !Goals !Ref |- |1973 | align="left" |[[Peter Lamptey]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |26 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei Asibey |first=Charles |date=23 September 2010 |title=Peter Lamptey, Ghana's first 'goalking' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031181649/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |1974 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Dan Owusu]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Bofoakwa Tano |24 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Thomas Freeman |date=8 April 2020 |title=I owe the success of my football career to Kwasi Owusu: Three times league top scorer Dan Owusu reveals |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134755/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |- |1975 |26 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1976 |28 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1977 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1978 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | align="left" |Real Tamale United |22 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2011 |title='Attach former goal kings to national teams' – Choo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182407/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |1979 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} |- |1980 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Quarshie]] | align="left" |Sekondi Hasaacas |18 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1985 FA Cup Champions: Hasmal players jubilate after 2–1 win against Asante Kotoko |url=https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722232306/https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Sekondi Hasaacas F.C.]]}}</ref> |- |1981 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |21 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkortu |date=30 March 2020 |title='Rest well legend' – Ghanaians react to news of Opoku Afriyie's demise |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727220331/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> |- |1982 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Real Tamale United |15 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |1983 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1984 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1985 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1986 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Tony Yeboah]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Cornerstones |{{n/a}} | |- |1987 |{{n/a}} | |- |1988–89 | align="left" |[[Henry Acquah]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1989–90 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Tijani]] | align="left" |Cornerstones |15 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Down Memory Lane – Penalty Shootout in Ghana League Started In 1989–90 Premier League |url=https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727235434/https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=NAB Online |language=en}}</ref> |- |1990–91 | align="left" |[[Thomas Boakye]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} | |- |1991–92 | align="left" |[[Abdul Mumuni]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1992–93 | align="left" |[[Augustine Ahinful]] | align="left" |Goldfields |12 | |- |1993–94 | align="left" |[[Oscar Laud]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1994–95 | align="left" |[[Charles Amoah]] | align="left" |Okwawu United |{{n/a}} | |- |1995–96 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1996–97 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1997–98 | align="left" |[[Joe Fameyeh]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1999 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Ishmael Addo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |19 | |- |2000 |21 | |- |2001 |22 | |- |2002 |  | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2003 | align="left" |[[Shaibu Yakubu]] | align="left" |Goldfields Obuasi |13 | |- |2004–05 | align="left" |[[Samuel Yeboah]] | align="left" |Heart of Lions |{{n/a}} | |- |2005 | align="left" |[[Prince Tagoe]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2006–07 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Clottey]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |14 | |- |2007–08 | align="left" |[[Eric Bekoe]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |17 | |- |2008–09 | align="left" |[[Alex Asamoah]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |16 | |- |2009–10 | align="left" |[[Bismark Idan]] ----[[Samuel Afum]] | align="left" |Kessben ----Accra Hearts of Oak |13 | |- |2010–11 | align="left" |[[Nana Poku]] | align="left" |Berekum Arsenal |17 | |- |2011–12 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Baffour]] | align="left" |New Edubiase United |21 | |- |2012–13 | align="left" |[[Mahatma Otoo]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |20 | |- |2013–14 | align="left" |[[Augustine Okrah]] | align="left" |Bechem United |16 | |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Kofi Owusu]] | align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Latif Blessing]] | align="left" |Liberty Professionals |14 | |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Hans Kwofie]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |17 | |- |2018[c] | align="left" |[[Hafiz Konkoni]] ----[[Kwasi Donsu]] | align="left" |Bechem United ----Medeama |8 | |- |2019–20[d] | align="left" |[[Victorien Adebayor]] | align="left" |International Allies |12 | |- |2020–21 | align="left" |[[Diawisie Taylor]] | align="left" |Karela United |18 | |- |2021–22 | align="left" |[[Yaw Annor]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |24 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 GPL: Yaw Annor nets twice to end campaign as top goalscorer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620005232/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |2022–23 | align="left" |[[Abednego Tetteh]] | align="left" |Bibiani Gold Stars |18 | |- |2023–24 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Stephen Amankona]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2024–25 |15 | align="left" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=Stephen Amankona wins second straight Golden Boot with 15-goal haul |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Stephen-Amankona-wins-second-straight-Golden-Boot-with-15-goal-haul-1987281 |website=ghanaweb}}</ref> |} == Abaterankunga == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Igihe cy'izunguruka ! Abaterankunga ! Izina ! Ref. |- | 1956–2008 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana |- | 2009–2013 | Globacom (Glo) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Glo | <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Teams Sponsorships |url=http://www.gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103427/http://gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=[[Globacom]]}}</ref> |- | 2013–2015 |first capital plus Bank (Nyuma Capital Bank) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Capital Plus (Bank) | <ref name="FCP">{{Cite web |last=Zurek |first=Kweku |last2=Neequaye |first2=Bernard |date=5 February 2014 |title=First Capital Plus rescues Premier League with $10million sponsorship |url=http://graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314081948/http://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> <ref name="FCP0">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Sports Minister hails First Capital Plus Bank for sponsoring Premier League |url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042856/http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref name="FCP1">{{Cite web |title=First Capital Plus Bank signs up for $10m as league sponsor |url=http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209034306/http://ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2016–2022 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | |- | 2022–2023 | betPawa | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya betPawa | <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=GFA announces betPawa as new headline sponsor of the Ghana Premier League |url=https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313082306/https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2023–ubu | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2023 |title=betPawa set to exit Ghana Premier League sponsorship deal after one year |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/betpawa-set-to-exit-ghana-premier-league-sponsorship-deal-after-one-year |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayamga |first=Emmanuel |date=30 November 2023 |title=Ghana Premier League loses headline sponsorship |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218151436/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * [[:en:List_of_football_clubs_in_Ghana|Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Football_Leagues|Amarushanwa y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Women's_Premier_League|Shampiyona y'abagore ya Ghana]] == Amashakiro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} == Ihuzo ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://gh.soccerway.com/national/ghana/premier-league/20232024/regular-season/r77368/ 2023–24 league season] at Soccerway * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070907102512/http://fifa.com/associations/association=gha/nationalleague/standings.html League profile] at FIFA.com (archived 7 September 2007) * [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/ghachamp.html League history] at RSSSF {{Football in Ghana}}{{Ghana Premier League}}{{Ghana Premier League Seasons}}{{CAF Leagues}} dups3ync9qa69rrmuo4bk010ks265xs 149472 149351 2026-11-07T21:42:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 149472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shampiyona yo ku rwego''' rwa mbere mu mupira w'amaguru muri Ghana ni Shampiyonaikomeye cyane mu gihugu itegura n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa'[[:en:Ghana_Football_Association|amaguru rya Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkotu |date=19 February 2016 |title=Ghana Premier League: An Idiot's Guide |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727200205/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> ishingwa mu 1958 kugira ngo isimbure shampiyona yahozeho, '''Gold Coast Club Competition''' yatangiye kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1953–54. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, shampiyona yaabaye iya 8 Muri shampiyona zose zikinirwa ku mugabanee W'Afurika na TeamForm.com. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamForm League Ranking - Africa - The Latest |url=https://www.teamform.com/en/league-ranking/africa |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=TeamForm}}</ref> Asante Kotoko ni yo kipe imaze gutwara ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona aho ifite ibikombe 25, ikurikirwa na [[:en:Accra_Hearts_of_Oak_S.C.|Accra Hearts of Oak]] imaze gutwara ibikombe 20. Amakipe atatu ya nyuma buri mwaka amanuka w'imikino, agashyirwa mu mukiciro cya mbere cya .[[:en:Division_One_League|Ghanaian Division One League]] Muri [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|Shampiyona ya 2019-20]] yahagaritswe ndetse irahagarikwa bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyabaye muri Ghana, nk’icyatumye imikino y’umupira w’amaguru n’amarushanwa hirya no hino ku isi isubikwa cyangwa ihagarikwa . == Itangazamakuru == Muri Nzeri 2013, [[:en:Super_sport|SuperSport]] yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasinye amasezerano n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru rya Ghana yo kwerekana shampiyona kuri DStv na GOtv . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=SuperSport not bidding for broadcast rights of Ghana Premier League |url=https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042159/https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |website=Next TV News}}</ref> Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2016, ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa gitanga serivisi zo gutangaza filime StarTimes cyabonye uburenganzira bwo gukora televiziyo no gutangaza filime ku mugaragaro, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Startimes Acquires Ghana Premier League Media Rights |url=http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214730/http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Sport Industry South Africa}}</ref> byarangiye mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023-24, aho raporo nyinshi n'ibiganiro byavugaga ko StarTimes ifitiye GFA miliyoni 1 y'amadolari kandi ko iri mu biganiro byo gushaka andi masezerano mashya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamakloe |first=Victor Atsu |date=1 July 2024 |title=Hindsight: What next for GPL after StarTimes deal? |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hindsight-what-next-for-gpl-after-startimes-deal/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Joy FM (Ghana)|MyJoyOnline.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title="We did not continue our deal with StarTimes because they owe GFA close $1million" – Exco member Fred Acheampong |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/we-did-not-continue-our-deal-with-startimes-because-they-owe-gfa-close-1million-exco-member-fred-acheampong |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title={{sic|StarsTimes|nolink=y}} owe GFA close to $1million – Fred Acheampong reveals |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/StarsTimes-owe-GFA-close-to-1million-Fred-Acheampong-reveals-1949857 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=StarTimes in advanced talks with GFA to return as official broadcaster of Ghana Premier League |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/startimes-in-advanced-talks-with-gfa-to-return-as-official-broadcaster-of-ghana-premier-league |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> Ariko, raporo zigaragaza ko GTV Sports+, umuyoboro wa siporo w'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya leta ya Ghana cyitwa Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, wari wabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwerekana shampiyona ya 2024-25 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi |date=29 August 2024 |title=I’m not aware of GBC TV rights deal for Ghana Premier League – Dr Randy Abbey |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1337221/im-not-aware-of-gbc-tv-rights-deal-for-ghana-prem.html |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=GTV Sports+ secures exclusive rights to broadcast Ghana Premier League for next five seasons |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/gtv-sports-secures-exclusive-rights-to-broadcast-ghana-premier-league-for-next-five-seasons |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Guhera mu mwaka wa shampiyona ya Ghana Premier League wa 2025/2026, uburenganzira bwo Kwereka shampiyona bwahawe Adesa Production Limited. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Football Association |url=https://www.ghanafa.org |website=www.ghanafa.org |publisher=Ghana Football Association |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi batsinze == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Years !Champions |- |1958 |Hearts of Oak (1) |- |1959 |Asante Kotoko (1) |- |1960 |Eleven Wise (1) |- |1961–62 |Hearts of Oak (2) |- |1962–63 |Real Republicans (1) |- |1963–64 |Asante Kotoko (2) |- |1964–65 |Asante Kotoko (3) |- |1966 |Mysterious Dwarfs (1) |- |1967 |Asante Kotoko (4) |- |1968 |Asante Kotoko (5) |- |1969 |Asante Kotoko (6) |- |1970 |Accra Great Olympics (1) |- |1971 |Hearts of Oak (3) |- |1972 |Asante Kotoko (7) |- |1973 |Hearts of Oak (4) |- |1974 |Accra Great Olympics (2) |- |1975 |Asante Kotoko (8) |- |1976 |Hearts of Oak (5) |- |1977 |Sekondi Hasaacas (1) |- |1978 |Hearts of Oak (6) |- |1979 |Hearts of Oak (7) |- |1980 |Asante Kotoko (9) |- |1981 |Asante Kotoko (10) |- |1982 |Asante Kotoko (11) |- |1983 |Asante Kotoko (12) |- |1984 |Hearts of Oak (8) |- |1985 |Hearts of Oak (9) |- |1986 |Asante Kotoko (13) |- |1987 |Asante Kotoko (14) |- |1988–89 |Asante Kotoko (15) |- |1989–90 |Hearts of Oak (10) |- |1990–91 |Asante Kotoko (16) |- |1991–92 |Asante Kotoko (17) |- |1992–93 |Asante Kotoko (18) |- |1993–94 |Ashanti Gold (1) |- |1994–95 |Ashanti Gold (2) |- |1995–96 |Ashanti Gold (3) |- |1996–97 |Hearts of Oak (11) |- |1997–98 |Hearts of Oak (12) |- |1999 |Hearts of Oak (13) |- |2000 |Hearts of Oak (14) |- |2001 |Hearts of Oak (15) |- |2002 |Hearts of Oak (16) |- |2003 |Asante Kotoko (19) |- |2004 |Hearts of Oak (17) |- |2005 |Asante Kotoko (20) |- |2006–07 |Hearts of Oak (18) |- |2007–08 |Asante Kotoko (21) |- |2008–09 |Hearts of Oak (19) |- |2009–10 |Aduana Stars (1) |- |2010–11 |Berekum Chelsea (1) |- |2011–12 |Asante Kotoko (22) |- |2012–13 |Asante Kotoko (23) |- |2013–14 |Asante Kotoko (24) |- |2015 |Ashanti Gold (4) |- |2016 |Wa All Stars (1) |- |2017 |Aduana Stars (2) |- |2018 |''Abandoned'' |- |2019 |Asante Kotoko (25) |- |2019–20 |''Abandoned''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus : le Championnat du Ghana annulé |trans-title=Coronavirus: Ghana Championship Cancelled |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coronavirus-le-championnat-du-ghana-annule/1148715 |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=[[L'Équipe]]}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |Hearts of Oak (20) |- |2021–22 |Asante Kotoko (26) |- |2022–23 |Medeama (1) |- |2023–24 |Samartex (1) |- |2024–25 |Bibiani Gold Stars (1) |} == Kubona itike yo Kwitabira irishanwa rya CAF == Urutonde rw'amakipe azakina shampiyona ya CAF Champions League ya 2025-26 ndetse n'igikombe cya Confederation Cup cya CAF cya 2025-26 Bishingira ku bisubizo biva mu marushanwa ya buri kipe ya CAF kuva mu mwaka wa 2020-21 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024-25. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ; Ikimenyetso * '''CL''' : CAF Champions League * '''CC''' : Igikombe cya Confederation cya CAF * '''≥''' : Amanota y'amashyirahamwe ashobora kwiyongera bitewe n'uko amakipe yayo yitwaye mu irushanwa rya CAF clubs yo mu 2024-25. * {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Rank ! rowspan="2" width="200" |Association ! colspan="2" |2020–21<br /><br />{{Small|(× 1)}} ! colspan="2" |2021–22<br /><br />{{Small|(× 2)}} ! colspan="2" |2022–23<br /><br />{{Small|(× 3)}} ! colspan="2" |2023–24<br /><br />{{Small|(× 4)}} ! colspan="2" |2024–25<br /><br />{{Small|(× 5)}} ! rowspan="2" |Total |- !2025 !2024 !Mvt !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |1 |1 | align="center" |— | Egypt |8 |3 |7 |4 |8 |2.5 |7 |7 |10 |4 |'''190.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |2 |2 | align="center" |— | Morocco |4 |6 |9 |5 |8 |2 |2 |4 |5 |5 |'''142''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |3 |4 | align="center" | +1 | South Africa |8 |2 |5 |4 |4 |3 |4 |1.5 |9 |3 |'''131''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |4 |3 | align="center" | -1 | Algeria |6 |5 |7 |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |5 |5 |'''130''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |5 |6 | align="center" | +1 | Tanzania |3 |0.5 |0 |2 |3 |4 |6 |0 |2 |4 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |6 |5 | align="center" | -1 | Tunisia |4 |3 |5 |1 |4 |2 |6 |1 |3 |0.5 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |7 |8 | align="center" | +1 | Angola |1 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |3 |1.5 |2 |2 |'''55''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |8 |7 | align="center" | -1 | DR Congo |4 |0 |0 |3 |1 |2 |4 |0 |2 |0 |'''45''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |9 |9 | align="center" |— | Sudan |3 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |'''41''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |10 |11 | align="center" | +1 | Ivory Coast |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |3 |3 |0 |1 |2 |'''38''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |11 |10 | align="center" | -1 | Libya |0 |0.5 |0 |5 |0 |0.5 |0 |3 |0 |0 |'''24''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |12 |12 | align="center" |— | Nigeria |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1 |'''21''' |- |13 |15 | align="center" | +2 | Mali |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0.5 |'''18.5''' |- |14 |14 | align="center" |— | Ghana |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |3 |0 |0 |'''16''' |- |15 |13 | align="center" | -2 | Guinea |2 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''12''' |- |16 |19 | align="center" | +3 | Botswana |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''8.5''' |- |17 |21 | align="center" | +4 | Senegal |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |'''8''' |- |18 |17 | align="center" | -1 | Mauritania |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''8''' |- |19 |18 | align="center" | -1 | Congo |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |20 |16 | align="center" | -4 | Cameroon |0 |3 |0 |0.5 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |21 |22 | align="center" | +1 | Togo |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |22 |22 | align="center" |— | Uganda |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |23 | - | align="center" |new | Mozambique |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''2.5''' |- |24 |20 | align="center" | -4 | Zambia |0 |1.5 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''2.5''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Eswatini |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Niger |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |27 |26 | align="center" | -1 | Burkina Faso |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''0.5''' |} == Imikorere y'ikipe == {| class="wikitable" !Amakipe ! Umujyi/Akarere ! Imyaka ! Abatsinze ! Umutwe wa nyuma |- | Asante Kotoko | align="center" | [[Kumasi]], Akarere ka Ashanti | 1959, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2003, 2005, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2019, 2021–22 | align="center" | '''26''' | 2021–22 |- | Imitima y'Ishyamba | align="center" | [[Accra]], Accra Nkuru | 1958, 1961–62, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989–90, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2020–21 | align="center" | '''20''' | 2020–21 |- | Ashanti Gold [ a ] | align="center" | Obuasi, Akarere ka Ashanti | 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2015 | align="center" | '''4''' | 2015 |- | Olempike Nkuru ya Accra | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1970, 1974 | align="center" | '''2''' | 1974 |- | Inyenyeri za Aduana | align="center" | Dormaa Ahenkro, Akarere ka Bono | 2009–10, 2017 | align="center" | '''2''' | 2017 |- | Abahanga cumi n'umwe | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1960 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1960 |- | Abarepubulikani nyakuri | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1962–63 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1962–63 |- | Ibibembe bidasanzwe | align="center" | Cape Coast, Akarere ko Hagati | 1967 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1967 |- | Sekondi Hasaacas | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1977 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1977 |- | Berekum Chelsea | align="center" | Berekum, Akarere ka Bono | 2010–11 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2010–11 |- | Imijyi ya Legon [ b ] | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 2016 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2016 |- | Medeama | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2022–23 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2023 |- | Samartex | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2023–24 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2024 |- | Inyenyeri za Bibiani Zahabu | align="center" | Bibiani, Amajyaruguru y'Iburengerazuba | 2024-2025 | align="center" | 1 | 2025 |} == Abatsinze amanota menshi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+1973–2025 Ghana Premier League top scorers<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Topscorers |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120920/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Scorers |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/competition/co1232/records-top-goal-scorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112215115/http://www.worldfootball.net/top_scorer/gha-premier-league/ |archive-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=World Football}}</ref> !Season !Best scorers !Team !Goals !Ref |- |1973 | align="left" |[[Peter Lamptey]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |26 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei Asibey |first=Charles |date=23 September 2010 |title=Peter Lamptey, Ghana's first 'goalking' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031181649/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |1974 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Dan Owusu]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Bofoakwa Tano |24 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Thomas Freeman |date=8 April 2020 |title=I owe the success of my football career to Kwasi Owusu: Three times league top scorer Dan Owusu reveals |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134755/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |- |1975 |26 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1976 |28 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1977 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1978 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | align="left" |Real Tamale United |22 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2011 |title='Attach former goal kings to national teams' – Choo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182407/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |1979 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} |- |1980 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Quarshie]] | align="left" |Sekondi Hasaacas |18 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1985 FA Cup Champions: Hasmal players jubilate after 2–1 win against Asante Kotoko |url=https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722232306/https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Sekondi Hasaacas F.C.]]}}</ref> |- |1981 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |21 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkortu |date=30 March 2020 |title='Rest well legend' – Ghanaians react to news of Opoku Afriyie's demise |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727220331/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> |- |1982 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Real Tamale United |15 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |1983 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1984 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1985 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1986 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Tony Yeboah]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Cornerstones |{{n/a}} | |- |1987 |{{n/a}} | |- |1988–89 | align="left" |[[Henry Acquah]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1989–90 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Tijani]] | align="left" |Cornerstones |15 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Down Memory Lane – Penalty Shootout in Ghana League Started In 1989–90 Premier League |url=https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727235434/https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=NAB Online |language=en}}</ref> |- |1990–91 | align="left" |[[Thomas Boakye]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} | |- |1991–92 | align="left" |[[Abdul Mumuni]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1992–93 | align="left" |[[Augustine Ahinful]] | align="left" |Goldfields |12 | |- |1993–94 | align="left" |[[Oscar Laud]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1994–95 | align="left" |[[Charles Amoah]] | align="left" |Okwawu United |{{n/a}} | |- |1995–96 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1996–97 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1997–98 | align="left" |[[Joe Fameyeh]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1999 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Ishmael Addo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |19 | |- |2000 |21 | |- |2001 |22 | |- |2002 |  | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2003 | align="left" |[[Shaibu Yakubu]] | align="left" |Goldfields Obuasi |13 | |- |2004–05 | align="left" |[[Samuel Yeboah]] | align="left" |Heart of Lions |{{n/a}} | |- |2005 | align="left" |[[Prince Tagoe]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2006–07 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Clottey]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |14 | |- |2007–08 | align="left" |[[Eric Bekoe]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |17 | |- |2008–09 | align="left" |[[Alex Asamoah]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |16 | |- |2009–10 | align="left" |[[Bismark Idan]] ----[[Samuel Afum]] | align="left" |Kessben ----Accra Hearts of Oak |13 | |- |2010–11 | align="left" |[[Nana Poku]] | align="left" |Berekum Arsenal |17 | |- |2011–12 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Baffour]] | align="left" |New Edubiase United |21 | |- |2012–13 | align="left" |[[Mahatma Otoo]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |20 | |- |2013–14 | align="left" |[[Augustine Okrah]] | align="left" |Bechem United |16 | |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Kofi Owusu]] | align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Latif Blessing]] | align="left" |Liberty Professionals |14 | |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Hans Kwofie]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |17 | |- |2018[c] | align="left" |[[Hafiz Konkoni]] ----[[Kwasi Donsu]] | align="left" |Bechem United ----Medeama |8 | |- |2019–20[d] | align="left" |[[Victorien Adebayor]] | align="left" |International Allies |12 | |- |2020–21 | align="left" |[[Diawisie Taylor]] | align="left" |Karela United |18 | |- |2021–22 | align="left" |[[Yaw Annor]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |24 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 GPL: Yaw Annor nets twice to end campaign as top goalscorer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620005232/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |2022–23 | align="left" |[[Abednego Tetteh]] | align="left" |Bibiani Gold Stars |18 | |- |2023–24 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Stephen Amankona]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2024–25 |15 | align="left" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=Stephen Amankona wins second straight Golden Boot with 15-goal haul |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Stephen-Amankona-wins-second-straight-Golden-Boot-with-15-goal-haul-1987281 |website=ghanaweb}}</ref> |} == Abaterankunga == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Igihe cy'izunguruka ! Abaterankunga ! Izina ! Ref. |- | 1956–2008 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana |- | 2009–2013 | Globacom (Glo) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Glo | <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Teams Sponsorships |url=http://www.gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103427/http://gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=[[Globacom]]}}</ref> |- | 2013–2015 |first capital plus Bank (Nyuma Capital Bank) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Capital Plus (Bank) | <ref name="FCP">{{Cite web |last=Zurek |first=Kweku |last2=Neequaye |first2=Bernard |date=5 February 2014 |title=First Capital Plus rescues Premier League with $10million sponsorship |url=http://graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314081948/http://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> <ref name="FCP0">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Sports Minister hails First Capital Plus Bank for sponsoring Premier League |url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042856/http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref name="FCP1">{{Cite web |title=First Capital Plus Bank signs up for $10m as league sponsor |url=http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209034306/http://ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2016–2022 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | |- | 2022–2023 | betPawa | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya betPawa | <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=GFA announces betPawa as new headline sponsor of the Ghana Premier League |url=https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313082306/https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2023–ubu | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2023 |title=betPawa set to exit Ghana Premier League sponsorship deal after one year |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/betpawa-set-to-exit-ghana-premier-league-sponsorship-deal-after-one-year |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayamga |first=Emmanuel |date=30 November 2023 |title=Ghana Premier League loses headline sponsorship |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218151436/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * [[:en:List_of_football_clubs_in_Ghana|Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Football_Leagues|Amarushanwa y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Women's_Premier_League|Shampiyona y'abagore ya Ghana]] == Amashakiro n'inyandiko == === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} == Ihuzo ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://gh.soccerway.com/national/ghana/premier-league/20232024/regular-season/r77368/ 2023–24 league season] at Soccerway * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070907102512/http://fifa.com/associations/association=gha/nationalleague/standings.html League profile] at FIFA.com (archived 7 September 2007) * [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/ghachamp.html League history] at RSSSF {{Football in Ghana}}{{Ghana Premier League}}{{Ghana Premier League Seasons}}{{CAF Leagues}} ewhnci87dqdclfrxmq7k3n17qjpt3yk 0 22366 149469 147447 2026-11-07T21:42:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 149469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie claire Mukanga''' umwe mu bagize itsinda ry'abakobwa batatu(3) bagize amabonekerwa i Kibeho, yavutse mu 1961 muri paruwase ya Mushubi, aha hoze ari Rusekera muri diyosezi ya Gikongoro, ubu ni muntara y'amajyepfo. se umubyara yitwa Baseka, nyina akitwa Velonika Nyirantuza, witwbyebye imana mu 2009 gusa se yaje kwitaba Imana akiri muto cyane. Yvukiye mu muryango wabana barindwi yabatijwe taliki ya 12 Kamena 1966 afite imyaka itanu, yahawe isakaramentu ry'ukarisitiya taliki ya 15 Kamena 1969 akamezwa mu 1975.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/yabanye-n-ababonekewe-ubuhamya-bwa-mukarusagara-ku-mabonekerwa-y-i-kibeho</ref> === Imibereho yamuranze === Mukangango Marie claire yari umwana usanzwe uturuka mu mumuryango utishoboye bituruka kubibazo yahuye nabyo byokubura umubyeyi akiri muto, amashuri abanza yayize mu kigo cya Bishyiga ku Gikongoro ubu ni muri paruwasi ya Bishyiga. Yaje gutsinda ikizamini cya leta kumanota yambere yoherezwa gutangira ayisumbuye muri Gisenyi naho ahava akomereza kwiga muri Rwunge(College) yabakobwa i Kibeho mu mwaka wa mashuri wa 1977-19778.<ref>https://www.caritasjpkigali.org/2022/08/16/ubutumwa-bwamabonekerwa-ya-bikira-mariya-bugomba-guhindura-abantu-bakagarukira-imana/</ref> Aha ninabwo hahise hazamo amabonekerwa yagiriye ikibeho nkayabaye 15/8/1985 aho yahawe ubutumwa bwo kwigisha aba kirisitu ishapule y'ububare burindwi. yaje kuva i Kibeho amaze kwiga ntiyabasha gukomeza kuba yakwiha Imana ahubwo yaje Gushyingirwa mu mwaka 1987, nyuama azakwitaba Imana we n'umutware we muri Jenocide yo 1994 batarabyara umwana.<ref>https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/amakuru/news-details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=25821&cHash=94f64b96e9ddb3b70e39a5ce38c23028</ref> === Imyitwarire yamuranze === Yari umwana usanzwe ucisha make kandi witonda cyane, bitewe n'ubuzima yaciyemo ntiyakunda gusahinda cyangwa kugira amanyanga ahubwo yarangwaga n'ukuri kandi kuboneye. Ikindi yakundaga gutebya, gutera urwenya nabandi gusabana, kubyina akananga akarengane kabagenzi. Muri rusange yabaniraga neza abantu bose kandi agakunda gusenga cyane <ref>https://www.caritasjpkigali.org/2022/08/16/ubutumwa-bwamabonekerwa-ya-bikira-mariya-bugomba-guhindura-abantu-bakagarukira-imana/</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} qj3dczxru86rsj9ab1p3dp9p0bfeibu 10 23175 149174 140607 2026-11-07T17:41:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 149174 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="font-size:75%; text-align:center;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Pariki z'igihugu muri [[Afurika]]:</span> {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo|AfE]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Afurika y’Epfo|AfE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya|Alg]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Aligeriya|Alg]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola|Ang]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Angola|Ang]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene|Ben]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Bene|Ben]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana|Bot]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Botswana|Bot]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso|BuF]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Burukina Faso|BuF]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade|Cad]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Cade|Cad]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya|Eri]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Eritereya|Eri]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini|Esw]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Eswatini|Esw]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya|Eti]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Etiyopiya|Eti]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon|Gab]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gabon|Gab]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya|Gam]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gambiya|Gam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana|Gan]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gana|Gan]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya|Gin]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya|Gin]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale|GiE]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya Ekwatoriyale|GiE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso|GiB]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya-Biso|GiB]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti|Jib]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Jibuti|Jib]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni|Kam]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kameruni|Kam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri|KaV]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kapu Veri|KaV]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya|Ken]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kenya|Ken]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore|Kom]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Komore|Kom]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo|Kon]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kongo|Kon]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari|KDi]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kote Divuwari|KDi]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto|Les]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Lesoto|Les]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya|Lbr]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Liberiya|Lbr]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya|Lby]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Libiya|Lby]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari|Mad]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Madagasikari|Mad]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi|Mlw]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Malawi|Mlw]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali|Mli]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Mali|Mli]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke|Mrk]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Maroke|Mrk]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri|Mis]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Misiri|Mis]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise|Mrs]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Morise|Mrs]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya|Mrt]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Moritaniya|Mrt]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike|Moz]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Mozambike|Moz]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya|Nam]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Namibiya|Nam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri|Ngr]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Nigeri|Ngr]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya|Nij]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Nijeriya|Nij]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|SaA]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|SaA]]}} · [[Parike nkuru z'u Rwanda|Rwa]] · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe|STP]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sawo Tome na Purensipe|STP]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali|Sen]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Senegali|Sen]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele|Sey]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Seyishele|Sey]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone|SiL]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Siyera Lewone|SiL]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya|Som]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Somaliya|Som]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani|Sud]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani|Sud]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo|SdE]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo|SdE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya|Tan]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Tanzaniya|Tan]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo|Tog]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Togo|Tog]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya|Tun]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Tunisiya|Tun]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande|Uga]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Ubugande|Uga]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi|Bur]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Uburundi|Bur]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya|Zam]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Zambiya|Zam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe|Zim]]|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Zimbabwe|Zim]]}}</div></includeonly><noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero yerekana urutonde rw'ibihugu byo muri Afurika, buri gihugu kiyoboye ku ngingo ivuga kuri pariki zacyo z'igihugu. Ishyirwa mu gice cya <code>below</code> cy'inyandikorugero z'imiyoborere (''navbox'') za pariki z'igihugu, urugero: <pre> {{Navbox | ... | below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }} </pre> Izina ry'ingingo ku gihugu ni: <code>Pariki z'igihugu muri &lt;igihugu&gt;</code> (uretse u Rwanda: [[Parike nkuru z'u Rwanda]]). == Urugero == {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Pariki z'u Rwanda| ]] </noinclude> h4kqqn3ybypj0kmmq7af3zy14bldm16 149202 149174 2026-11-07T19:03:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 149202 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="font-size:75%; text-align:center;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">Pariki z'igihugu muri [[Afurika]]:</span> {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Afurika y’Epfo|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Afurika y’Epfo|AfE]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo|AfE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Aligeriya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Aligeriya|Alg]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya|Alg]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Angola|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Angola|Ang]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola|Ang]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Bene|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Bene|Ben]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene|Ben]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Botswana|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Botswana|Bot]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana|Bot]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Burukina Faso|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Burukina Faso|BuF]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso|BuF]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Cade|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Cade|Cad]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade|Cad]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Eritereya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Eritereya|Eri]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya|Eri]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Eswatini|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Eswatini|Esw]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini|Esw]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Etiyopiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Etiyopiya|Eti]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya|Eti]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gabon|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gabon|Gab]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon|Gab]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gambiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gambiya|Gam]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya|Gam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gana|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gana|Gan]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana|Gan]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya|Gin]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya|Gin]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya Ekwatoriyale|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya Ekwatoriyale|GiE]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale|GiE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya-Biso|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Gineya-Biso|GiB]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso|GiB]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Jibuti|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Jibuti|Jib]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti|Jib]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Kameruni|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kameruni|Kam]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni|Kam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Kapu Veri|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kapu Veri|KaV]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri|KaV]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Kenya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kenya|Ken]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya|Ken]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Komore|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Komore|Kom]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore|Kom]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Kongo|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kongo|Kon]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo|Kon]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Kote Divuwari|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Kote Divuwari|KDi]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari|KDi]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Lesoto|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Lesoto|Les]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto|Les]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Liberiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Liberiya|Lbr]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya|Lbr]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Libiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Libiya|Lby]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya|Lby]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Madagasikari|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Madagasikari|Mad]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari|Mad]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Malawi|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Malawi|Mlw]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi|Mlw]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Mali|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Mali|Mli]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali|Mli]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Maroke|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Maroke|Mrk]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke|Mrk]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Misiri|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Misiri|Mis]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri|Mis]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Morise|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Morise|Mrs]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise|Mrs]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Moritaniya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Moritaniya|Mrt]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya|Mrt]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Mozambike|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Mozambike|Moz]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike|Moz]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Namibiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Namibiya|Nam]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya|Nam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Nigeri|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Nigeri|Ngr]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri|Ngr]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Nijeriya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Nijeriya|Nij]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya|Nij]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|SaA]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|SaA]]}} · [[Parike nkuru z'u Rwanda|Rwa]] · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Sawo Tome na Purensipe|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sawo Tome na Purensipe|STP]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe|STP]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Senegali|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Senegali|Sen]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali|Sen]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Seyishele|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Seyishele|Sey]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele|Sey]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Siyera Lewone|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Siyera Lewone|SiL]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone|SiL]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Somaliya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Somaliya|Som]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya|Som]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani|Sud]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani|Sud]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo|SdE]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo|SdE]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Tanzaniya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Tanzaniya|Tan]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya|Tan]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Togo|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Togo|Tog]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo|Tog]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Tunisiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Tunisiya|Tun]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya|Tun]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Ubugande|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Ubugande|Uga]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande|Uga]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Uburundi|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Uburundi|Bur]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi|Bur]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Zambiya|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Zambiya|Zam]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya|Zam]]}} · {{#ifexist:Pariki z'igihugu muri Zimbabwe|[[Pariki z'igihugu muri Zimbabwe|Zim]]|[[Inyandikorugero:Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe|Zim]]}}</div></includeonly><noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero yerekana urutonde rw'ibihugu byo muri Afurika, buri gihugu kiyoboye ku ngingo ivuga kuri pariki zacyo z'igihugu. Ishyirwa mu gice cya <code>below</code> cy'inyandikorugero z'imiyoborere (''navbox'') za pariki z'igihugu, urugero: <pre> {{Navbox | ... | below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }} </pre> Izina ry'ingingo ku gihugu ni: <code>Pariki z'igihugu muri &lt;igihugu&gt;</code> (uretse u Rwanda: [[Parike nkuru z'u Rwanda]]). == Urugero == {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} [[Ikiciro:Pariki z'u Rwanda| ]] </noinclude> 01mk32ejkftk91fmfzyaopugk36c3mp 0 23178 149265 148780 2026-11-07T19:49:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Traoré | image = Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Ibrahim Traoré mu 2026 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|3|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Kéra, Bondokuy, [[Burukina Faso]] | nationality = Umunyaburukinafaso | title = Perezida wa Burkina Faso | term = Kuva ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022 | predecessor = [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] | party = Nta shyaka (yigenga) | alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Wagadugu<br />Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare Georges Namoano | occupation = Umusirikare, umunyapolitiki | known_for = Perezida w'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel (kuva ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2025) | relatives = Kassoum Coulibaly (nyirarume)<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : La galaxie Traoré |url=https://graphics.rfi.fr/traore-burkina-entourage/ |website=RFI |date=2023-12-07 |access-date=2024-01-07}}</ref> }} '''Ibrahim Traoré''' (wavutse ku wa 14 Werurwe 1988 i Kéra, muri komine ya Bondokuy, muri [[Burukina Faso]]) ni umusirikare n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyaburukinafaso, akaba ari Umukuru w'Igihugu cya Burkina Faso kuva ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022. Yahiritse ku butegetsi Lieutenant-colonel [[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] binyuze muri kudeta, afata ubuyobozi bw'Umutwe wo Gukunda Igihugu ugamije Kurinda no Kugarura Ituze (''Mouvement patriotique pour la sauvegarde et la restauration'', MPSR) ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022. Mu ngabo za Burkina Faso, afite ipeti rya Kapiteni. Igihe yageraga ku butegetsi afite imyaka 34, ni we wari umukuru w'igihugu ukiri muto kurusha abandi ku isi. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Ibrahim Traoré yavukiye i Kéra, muri komine ya Bondokuy, ku wa 14 Werurwe 1988<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré, président de la Transition : parcours d’un artilleur |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/blog/ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-parcours-dun-artilleur/ |website=Sidwaya |access-date=2023-08-09}}</ref><ref name="wakatsera">{{cite web |language=fr |last=Morin |title=Burkina: exit Damiba, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, nouveau président du Faso |url=https://www.wakatsera.com/burkina-exit-damiba-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-nouveau-president-du-faso/ |website=Wakat Séra |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina |title=Portrait du nouveau Président du MPSR, le capitaine Ibrahim TRAORE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8vtSEppJbc |website=YouTube |date=2022-10-02 |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref>. Yize amashuri abanza mu ishuri rya Leta rya Bondokuy. Amashuri yisumbuye yayigiye muri ''lycée mixte d'Accart-ville'' i Bobo-Dioulasso, ahakura impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye (''baccalauréat série D'') mu 2006<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, nouvel homme fort du Burkina Faso |work=La Croix |date=2022-10-03 |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Monde/Le-capitaine-Ibrahim-Traore-nouvel-homme-fort-Burkina-Faso-2022-10-03-1201236047 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Mu 2006, yinjiye muri Kaminuza ya Wagadugu (ubu yitwa Kaminuza Joseph Ki-Zerbo), mu ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, mu gice cy'ubutabire, ibinyabuzima n'ubumenyi bw'isi (géologie)<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Biographie du président |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/biographie-du-president/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2024-10-03}}</ref>. Mu 2010, yarangije afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri (''maîtrise'') mu bumenyi bw'isi, ayibonana amanota meza<ref>{{cite web |language=rw |title=Burkina Faso: Menya Capt Ibrahim Traoré wafashe ubutegetsi i Ouagadougou |url=https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c6pkpqrnwwro |website=BBC Gahuza |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>. Igihe yari mu masomo, yari umurwanashyaka w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu ry'Abanyeshuri ba Burkina (ANEB), umuryango w'abanyeshuri ugendera ku bitekerezo bya Marx<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique">{{cite news |language=fr |last=Douce |first=Sophie |title=Au Burkina Faso, le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, le président énigmatique qui défie la France |work=Le Monde Afrique |date=2023-05-30}}</ref>. Yari kandi hafi y'amashyirahamwe y'Abayisilamu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Bakary Sambe |title=Au Sahel, après le militaro-populisme, l'islamo-nationalisme ? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1514798/politique/au-sahel-apres-le-militaro-populisme-lislamo-nationalisme/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2023-12-30 |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>, akaba n'umunyamuryango w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyeshuri b'Abayisilamu. === Urugendo mu gisirikare === Traoré ntiyanyuze mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya ''Prytanée militaire de Kadiogo'' (PMK), bitandukanye n'uwo yasimbuye, Damiba, ndetse n'abandi basirikare bakuru benshi bo muri Burkina Faso. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza, yinjiye mu gisirikare mu 2010. Yatorejwe mu Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare Georges Namoano, ishuri rihugura abofisiye riri i Pô, ahasoza ari uwa kabiri mu bo bari bigana<ref name="bur">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, jeune putschiste à la tête du pays des hommes intègres |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-jeune-putschiste-a-la-tete-du-pays-des-hommes-integres_5400979.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref><ref name="qui">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Qui est le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, le plus jeune chef d'État au monde ? |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/burkina-ibrahim-traoré-nouveau-putschiste-et-plus-jeune-chef-d-etat-au-monde/6778263.html |website=VOA Afrique |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Coup d'État au Burkina Faso : qui est le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/ce7y7x2gdn8o |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Nyuma yaho yazamutse vuba mu mapeti ya gisirikare. Mu 2012 yabaye Sous-lieutenant, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri ahabwa ipeti rya Lieutenant, maze mu 2020 azamurwa ku ipeti rya Kapiteni. Muri Werurwe 2022, Perezida Paul-Henri Damiba yamugize umukuru w'imbunda nini (artillerie) muri Batayo ya 10 ishinzwe ubuyobozi, ubufasha n'ingoboka (10<sup>e</sup> RCAS) ifite icyicaro i Kaya<ref name="wakatsera" /><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Emmanuel |last=Gautier |title=Burkina Faso : Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré annonce un coup d'État à la RTB, fin de règne pour Damiba |url=https://afriksoir.net/burkina-faso-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-coup-detat-rtb-fin-regne-damiba/ |website=Afrik Soir |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=ALERTE - Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, 34 ans, « plutôt timide » et « réglo » |url=https://www.omegamedias.info/blog/2022/10/01/-alerte-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-34-ans-plutot-timide-et-reglo/ |website=Omega Médias |date=2022-10-01 |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. Kapiteni Traoré yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare byo [[Iterabwoba|kurwanya iterabwoba]], cyane cyane i Djibo, aho yari ayobowe na Lieutenant-colonel Damiba, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w'itsinda ry'ingabo zirwanya iterabwoba mu 2017. Yanagize uruhare mu gikorwa cya gisirikare cyiswe ''Otapuanu'' mu 2019<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Lutte anti-terroriste au Burkina : L'armée lance l'opération « Otapuanu » ou pluie de tonnerre dans les régions du Centre Est et de l'Est |url=https://netafrique.net/lutte-anti-terroriste-le-burkina-annonce-une-operation-denommee-otapuanu-dans-les-regions-du-centre-est-et-de-lest/ |website=NetAfrique.net |access-date=2023-11-11}}</ref>, kandi yakoreye mu itsinda ry'ingabo ryari i Markoye, mu ntara ya Sahel<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré, le nouvel homme fort du Burkina (Portrait) |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/-ibrahim-traoré-le-nouvel-homme-fort-du-burkina-portrait/2699900 |website=Anadolu Ajansı |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. == Perezida wa Burkina Faso == === Kudeta zo muri Mutarama na Nzeri 2022 n'ifatwa ry'ubutegetsi === [[File:2025 Ibrahim Traore (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré mu 2025]] Ibrahim Traoré yafashe ubutegetsi binyuze muri kudeta ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022, amaze gutangaza ko Damiba akuwe ku butegetsi<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina : Ibrahim Traoré proclamé président, Damiba destitué |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1381642/politique/burkina-ibrahim-traore-proclame-president-damiba-destitue/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des militaires annoncent la dissolution du gouvernement et la fermeture des frontières |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20220930-burkina-faso-des-militaires-annoncent-la-dissolution-du-gouvernement-et-la-fermeture-des-fronti%C3%A8res |website=RFI |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte démis de ses fonctions, annoncent des militaires à la télévision |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/09/30/burkina-faso-le-chef-de-la-junte-demis-de-ses-fonctions-annoncent-des-militaires-a-la-television_6143908_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref>. Iyo yari kudeta ya kabiri igihugu cyari kibonye muri uwo mwaka. Kapiteni Traoré yari umwe mu basirikare bakuru bagize uruhare muri kudeta yahiritse Perezida [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]], igashyira ku butegetsi Lieutenant-colonel Damiba, perezida wa MPSR, ku wa 24 Mutarama 2022<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina: Ibrahim Traoré, nouveau putschiste et plus jeune chef d'Etat au monde |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/monde/burkina-ibrahim-traore-nouveau-putschiste-et-plus-jeune-chef-d-etat-au-monde_2181424.html |website=L'Express |date=2022-10-06 |access-date=2022-10-18}}</ref>. Bitewe n'umutekano wari ukomeje kuzamba no kuba ibyemezo byafashwe mu gihe cya kudeta ya mbere bitarubahirijwe, abo basirikare bahisemo gukura ku butegetsi Perezida Damiba ku wa 30 Nzeri 2022, maze Ibrahim Traoré afata ubuyobozi bwa MPSR. Iyi kudeta yakurikiye ibitero byinshi by'iterabwoba byahitanye abantu benshi, cyane cyane icyabereye i Gaskindé, mu majyaruguru ya Burkina Faso, aho imodoka zari zitwaye ibiribwa zaguye mu gico cy'abaterabwoba. Imibare yatangajwe na Leta yavugaga abasirikare 11 bishwe n'abasivili benshi baburiwe irengero, mu gihe andi makuru yavugaga abasivili bagera ku ijana bishwe<ref>{{cite news |language=en |first1=Thiam |last1=Ndiaga |first2=Anne |last2=Mimault |title=Burkina Faso soldiers announce overthrow of military government |work=Reuters |date=2022-09-30 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-burkina-faso-capital-reuters-witnesses-2022-09-30/ |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref name="f24-coup">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Nouveau coup d'État au Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte démis de ses fonctions |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/info-en-continu/20220930-%F0%9F%94%B4-burkina-faso-un-officier-annonce-la-destitution-du-chef-de-la-junte-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision |website=France 24 |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le colonel Damiba déposé par le capitaine Ibrahima Traoré |url=https://www.financialafrik.com/2022/09/30/burkina-faso-le-colonel-damiba-depose-par-le-capitaine-ibrahima-traore/ |website=Financial Afrik |date=2022-09-30 |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Agnès |last=Faivre |title=Au Burkina Faso, une nouvelle attaque meurtrière contre un convoi d'aide humanitaire |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-burkina-faso-une-nouvelle-attaque-meurtriere-contre-un-convoi-daide-humanitaire-20220928_GBC2RIXZFNABXAOISK74BLYAGE/ |website=Libération |access-date=2022-10-01}}</ref>. Damiba yaje kwegura ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2022<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=DIRECT Burkina Faso : le chef de la junte destitué, le lieutenant-colonel Paul-Henri Damiba, a accepté de démissionner |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso/coup-d-etat-au-burkina-faso/burkina-faso-des-gaz-lacrymogenes-tires-devant-l-ambassade-de-france-pour-disperser-des-manifestants-favorables-aux-putschistes_5393296.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2022-10-02 |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>. === Imiyoborere === Amaze gufata ubutegetsi ku wa 30 Nzeri, Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ati: {{Quote|Ntituri hano ku bw'ubutegetsi. Dufite gahunda y'amezi cumi n'abiri, muri yo tuzakemura udukibazo duto tw'ibikoresho twubahiriza indangagaciro za muntu.}}<ref name="afxxi-terreur">{{cite web |language=fr |first=Rachid Zaïd |last=Combary |title=« La junte militaire a instauré la terreur partout » - Série (3) |url=https://afriquexxi.info/La-junte-militaire-a-instaure-la-terreur-partout |website=Afrique XXI |date=2024-08-28 |access-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> Ku wa 6 Ukwakira, itegeko shingiro ryagaruye Itegeko Nshinga maze ritangaza ko Traoré ari Umukuru w'Igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Traoré devient officiellement chef de l'État |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/burkina-faso-traor%C3%A9-devient-officiellement-chef-de-letat/2703866 |website=Anadolu Ajansı |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré officiellement désigné président du Burkina Faso |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-officiellement-designe-president-du-burkina-faso-20221005 |website=Le Figaro |date=2022-10-05 |access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref>. Yabaye atyo Umuyisilamu wa mbere ugeze kuri uwo mwanya kuva Saye Zerbo yahirikwa ku butegetsi mu 1982<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, le visage d’un souverainisme "made in Sahel" |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/monde/afrique/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-le-visage-dun-souverainisme-made-in-sahel-GZNPL4T4MRDXHCGY7YCKKRU3ZI/ |website=L'Express |date=2023-01-28 |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>. Avuga ko ari gukemura gusa ibibazo by'ibanze by'igihugu, Traoré yatangaje ko perezida w'inzibacyuho, yaba umusivili cyangwa umusirikare, azatoranywa n'inama nkuru y'igihugu (''assises'') ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2022<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, un président de transition doit être désigné en fin de semaine |work=Le Monde |date=2022-10-10 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/10/10/au-burkina-faso-un-president-de-transition-doit-etre-designe-en-fin-de-semaine_6145137_3212.html |access-date=2022-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré: «Les assises vont désigner un président de la transition» au Burkina Faso |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/invit%C3%A9-afrique/20221003-capitaine-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-les-assises-vont-d%C3%A9signer-un-pr%C3%A9sident-de-la-transition-au-burkina-faso |website=RFI |date=2022-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-05}}</ref>. Abamushyigikiye bakoze imyigaragambyo basaba ko ari we wahabwa kuyobora igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : les partisans d'Ibrahim Traoré font monter la tension |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1385101/politique/burkina-les-partisans-dibrahim-traore-font-monter-la-tension/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2022-10-15}}</ref>, maze ahabwa kuyobora inzibacyuho nk'umuyobozi wa MPSR<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina: le putschiste Ibrahim Traoré président de la transition jusqu'en 2024 |url=https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/burkina-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-jusqu-en-2024-474904 |website=TV5Monde |date=2022-10-14 |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015003909/https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/burkina-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traore-president-de-la-transition-jusqu-en-2024-474904 |archive-date=2022-10-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Ku wa 21 Ukwakira, yarahiriye kuba Perezida w'inzibacyuho imbere y'Urukiko rurinda Itegeko Nshinga<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le putschiste Ibrahim Traoré a été investi président de transition |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20221021-burkina-faso-le-putschiste-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-a-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-investi-pr%C3%A9sident-de-transition |website=France 24 |date=2022-10-21 |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : après son putsch, le capitaine Traoré se rêve en nouveau Sankara |work=Le Monde |date=2022-10-21 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/10/21/burkina-faso-apres-son-putsch-le-capitaine-traore-se-reve-en-nouveau-sankara_6146842_3212.html |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref>. Mu Ugushyingo, yanze guhembwa umushahara wa perezida, ahitamo kuguma ahembwa uwa kapiteni<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Gabon, Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema « renonce à son traitement de président » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1494965/politique/au-gabon-brice-clotaire-oligui-nguema-renonce-a-son-traitement-de-president/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2023-10-19}}</ref>. Ku wa 3 Gashyantare 2023, Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ibitero bikomeye byari bigiye kugabwa ku barwanyi b'intagondwa z'abajihadi, asaba abaturage kumushyigikira<ref name="afxxi-ib" />. Muri Mata 2023, yatangaje ko igihugu cyose kigomba kwitegura urugamba (''mobilisation générale'')<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traoré décrète la mobilisation générale |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1436057/politique/au-burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-decrete-la-mobilisation-generale/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2023-04-14}}</ref>. Muri Gicurasi, yavuze ku bihugu "by'inshuti" bafatanya cyangwa bongera ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare: [[Uburusiya]], aho abacancuro b'itsinda rya Wagner bashobora kuba bari muri Burkina Faso<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Les mercenaires Wagner présents au Burkina Faso, affirme le président ghanéen |work=Le Monde |date=2022-12-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/12/16/les-mercenaires-wagner-presents-au-burkina-faso-affirme-le-president-ghaneen_6154693_3212.html |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref>, [[Turukiya]] imuha indege zitagira abapilote (drones) zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB2, ndetse na [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] yatekerezaga ko yamuha intwaro<ref name="afxxi-ib" />. Icyo gihe, guverinoma yahisemo kwifashisha ingabo zayo bwite mu kurwanya abajihadi, kandi ntibyagaragaraga ko yasabye ubufasha bw'Abarusiya ba Wagner<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique" />. Mu rwego rwo gukaza [[Iterabwoba|urugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba]], guverinoma ye yateguye igikorwa kidasanzwe cyo kwinjiza abasirikare 3 000, ndetse no kwinjiza abafasha b'ingabo 50 000 bitwa "Abakorerabushake bo kurinda Igihugu" (''Volontaires pour la défense de la patrie'', VDP)<ref name="afxxi-ib">{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, la guerre selon « IB » |url=https://afriquexxi.info/Au-Burkina-Faso-la-guerre-selon-IB |website=Afrique XXI |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref>. Kubera ko ingengo y'imari ya Leta, yari yazahajwe n'ibihano by'ubukungu, itabashaga gutera inkunga urugamba rwo kurwanya abajihadi, guverinoma yongereye imisoro<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré : au Burkina, la guerre taxe après taxe |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1466721/politique/ibrahim-traore-au-burkina-la-guerre-taxe-apres-taxe/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2024-10-18}}</ref>. Bitewe n'imyaka ye, uburambe afite ku rugamba n'imivugire ye, Ibrahim Traoré akundwa n'urubyiruko, rugize abarenga 70 % by'abaturage ariko rukaba rudahagarariwe bihagije mu nzego za politiki. Mu ijambo rye akunze kwifashisha ibitekerezo bya [[Thomas Sankara]], nko guharanira ubusugire bw'igihugu no kwamagana ubukoloni bushya (''impérialisme'')<ref name="lemonde-enigmatique" />. Akurikiza politiki irwanya [[Ubufaransa]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, la France en sursis après le départ de Sabre |url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/au-burkina-faso-la-france-en-sursis-apr%C3%A8s-le-d%C3%A9part-de-sabre/6973676.html |website=VOA Afrique |date=2023-02-22 |access-date=2024-03-22}}</ref>, bimuhesha gushyigikirwa n'abaharanira ubumwe bwa Afurika (''panafricanistes'') ndetse n'Abayisilamu b'Abawahabi<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : quand Russes, wahhabites et panafricanistes font cause commune autour de la junte |work=Le Monde |date=2023-02-16 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/02/16/burkina-faso-quand-russes-wahhabites-et-panafricanistes-font-cause-commune-autour-de-la-junte_6162118_3212.html |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>. Nyamara, uretse uko gukundwa, sosiyete sivile, abanyamakuru, abacamanza n'abayobozi b'amashyaka bibasirwa n'igitugu cy'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, rimwe na rimwe bakajyanwa ku ngufu mu gisirikare ku rugamba. Abasivili na bo bahuye n'ibyo, ndetse bamwe baburirwa irengero ku gahato<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Capitaine Ibrahim Traore : pourquoi est-il si populaire auprès de la jeunesse africaine ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c2kvykyy9g3o |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-03}}</ref>. Ku wa 16 Nzeri 2023, Ibrahim Traoré, ari kumwe na Colonel [[Assimi Goïta]] na Jenerali [[Abdourahamane Tiani]], bashinze Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel (''Alliance des États du Sahel'', AES), amasezerano yo gutabarana hagati ya [[Mali]], [[Nigeri]] na [[Burukina Faso]]. Ku wa 28 Mutarama 2024, yakuye Burkina Faso mu Muryango w'Ubukungu w'Ibihugu by'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (CEDEAO). Amaze kurokoka umugambi wa kudeta muri Nzeri 2023, yitabaje abasirikare b'Abarusiya ngo bamurinde<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, des militaires russes pour protéger Ibrahim Traoré ? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1503219/politique/au-burkina-faso-des-militaires-russes-pour-proteger-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>. Mu Ukuboza, Minisitiri w'Intebe mushya, Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, yatangaje ko [[Uburusiya]] buzafasha mu ivugurura ry'ingabo za Burkina Faso, cyane cyane mu gushyiraho batayo nshya zo gutabara byihuse, mu gihe [[Ubushinwa]] na [[Turukiya]] na byo byari kuzatanga ubufasha<ref name="afxxi-terreur" />. Muri icyo gihe kandi, guverinoma ya Burkina Faso yasinye amasezerano n'Uburusiya yo kubaka uruganda rutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nikleyeri<ref name="afxxi-terreur" />. Ku wa 25 Gicurasi 2024, nyuma y'indi nama nkuru y'inzibacyuho itaritabiriwe n'amatsinda ya sosiyete sivile n'amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Ibrahim Traoré, inzibacyuho yongerewe imyaka itanu (guhera ku wa 2 Nyakanga 2024) hemejwe itegeko rishya (''charte'') rimuha izina rya Perezida wa Burkina Faso, rikanamwemerera kuzaziyamamaza mu matora azakurikira. Iyi nama yabaye hashize iminsi mike habaye indi isa na yo muri Mali, igihugu bafatanyije, na yo yongereye inzibacyuho imyaka itanu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: la durée de la transition prolongée pour cinq ans |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240525-burkina-faso-la-dur%C3%A9e-de-la-transition-prolong%C3%A9e-pour-cinq-ans |website=RFI |date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, des assises sous haute surveillance pour prolonger une transition sans paix |work=Le Monde |date=2024-05-24 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/05/24/au-burkina-faso-des-assises-sous-haute-surveillance-pour-prolonger-une-transition-sans-paix_6235312_3212.html |access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref>. Uwo munsi nyine, Traoré yashyize umukono kuri iryo tegeko rishya, bituma ritangira gukurikizwa<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Au Burkina Faso, le capitaine putschiste Ibrahim Traoré se ressert cinq ans de mandat |url=https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/au-burkina-faso-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-reprend-cinq-ans-20240527_P4LWF5QNI5H27INN5Y6ZRSS7X4/ |website=Libération |access-date=2024-05-28}}</ref>. Ku wa 11 Kamena 2024, abajihadi b'Itsinda rishyigikira Isilamu n'Abayisilamu (JNIM) bagabye igitero ku kigo cya gisirikare no muri komine ya Mansila<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des survivants racontent l'attaque de Mansila revendiquée par le JNIM |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240618-burkina-faso-des-survivants-racontent-l-attaque-de-mansila-revendiqu%C3%A9e-par-le-jnim |website=RFI |date=2024-06-18 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Bukeye bwaho, igisasu cyarashwe ku cyicaro cya Televiziyo y'igihugu (RTB), hafi y'ingoro ya perezida i [[Wagadugu]], abakirashe ntibamenyekana<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des questions toujours en suspens après des détonations à la télé publique et une attaque dans le Nord-Est |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240617-burkina-des-questions-toujours-en-suspens-apr%C3%A8s-des-d%C3%A9tonations-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%A9l%C3%A9-publique-et-une-attaque-dans-le-nord-est |website=RFI |date=2024-06-17 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, kuba Ibrahim Traoré atagaragaraga cyane mu ruhame byateje ibibazo mu Banyaburukinafaso. Abasirikare ba Mali n'abacancuro b'Abarusiya ba Wagner bageze i Wagadugu muri iyo minsi, ariko inshingano zabo ntizasobanuwe<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Des « instructeurs » russes envoyés à Ouagadougou |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1579057/politique/des-instructeurs-russes-envoyes-a-ouagadougou/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des soldats maliens et des mercenaires russes de Wagner sont arrivés à Ouagadougou |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240618-burkina-faso-des-soldats-maliens-et-des-mercenaires-russes-de-wagner-sont-arriv%C3%A9s-%C3%A0-ouagadougou |website=RFI |date=2024-06-18 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref>. Inama y'Abaminisitiri yagombaga kuyobora ku wa 19 Kamena 2024<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: report du Conseil des ministres, Ibrahim Traoré serait «caché» |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240619-burkina-faso-report-du-conseil-des-ministres-ibrahim-traor%C3%A9-serait-cach%C3%A9 |website=RFI |date=2024-06-19 |access-date=2024-06-19}}</ref> yimuriwe bukeye bwaho, maze Traoré yongera kugaragara icyo gihe<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: le chef de l'État préside un Conseil des ministres mais soulève toujours des questions |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240620-burkina-faso-le-chef-de-l-%C3%A9tat-pr%C3%A9side-un-conseil-des-ministres-mais-soul%C3%A8ve-toujours-des-questions |website=RFI |date=2024-06-20}}</ref>. Muri Kanama, igihugu cyagabweho igitero cy'iterabwoba cy'abajihadi cyahitanye abantu benshi kurusha ibindi byose mu mateka yacyo, mu mudugudu wa Barsalogho mu majyaruguru rwagati y'igihugu, aho abaturage bari hagati ya 300 na 400 bishwe n'Itsinda rishyigikira Isilamu n'Abayisilamu (JNIM)<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Le Cam |first=Morgane |title=Le Burkina Faso a subi l’attaque terroriste la plus meurtrière de son histoire |work=Le Monde |date=2024-08-28 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/08/28/le-burkina-faso-face-a-l-attaque-terroriste-la-plus-meurtriere-de-son-histoire_6297561_3212.html}}</ref>. Amashusho n'amafoto by'impimbano byakozwe hifashishijwe ubwenge buhangano (AI), birata Ibrahim Traoré, byuzuye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Muri ayo mashusho, akozwe neza cyangwa nabi, kapiteni agaragazwa nk'umuyobozi w'intwari urinda abaturage be, kandi akwirakwizwa na konti z'impimbano. Ayo mashusho, atagenewe abaturage ba Burkina Faso, rimwe na rimwe arebwa n'abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni, kandi akenshi akurura ibitekerezo by'abamushima, haba muri Afurika ivuga [[Igifaransa]] aho Ibrahim Traoré asanzwe azwi, haba muri Afurika ivuga [[Icyongereza]], cyane cyane muri [[Gana]], [[Nijeriya]] na [[Kenya]], ndetse no muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] no mu birwa bya Karayibe<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Roger |first=Benjamin |title=Burkina Faso : Ibrahim Traoré, superstar de la désinformation |work=Le Monde |date=2025-06-30 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/06/30/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-superstar-de-l-anti-imperialisme-online_6617007_3212.html}}</ref>. Ayo mashusho amwerekana ari kumwe n'ibyamamare by'isi nka Beyoncé, Rihanna cyangwa Justin Bieber<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |last=Marotte |first=Adrien |title=Beyoncé, Rihanna, Justin Bieber… Comment l’IA crée un mythe autour d’Ibrahim Traoré, chef de la junte du Burkina Faso |work=Le Figaro |date=2025-07-22 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/beyonce-rihanna-justin-bieber-comment-l-ia-cree-un-mythe-autour-d-ibrahim-traore-chef-de-la-junte-du-burkina-faso-20250722}}</ref>. Andi mashusho menshi y'impimbano agaragaza "ubukungu bwa Burkina Faso butera imbere, bubasha gukora telefoni zigezweho, ibinyabiziga n'imashini z'ubuhinzi"<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Pham |first=Quang |title=Le Burkina Faso, champion industriel ? Une campagne de propagande générée par IA |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20250717-burkina-faso-champion-industriel-smartphones-tracteurs-campagne-propagande-ia |website=France 24 |date=2025-07-17}}</ref>. Ku wa 23 Ukuboza 2025, yasimbuye Assimi Goïta ku mwanya wa Perezida w'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel. Ku wa 29 Mutarama 2026, nyuma y'inama y'Abaminisitiri, guverinoma ya gisirikare yasheshe amashyaka ya politiki yose<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso-Le gouvernement militaire dissout tous les partis politiques |url=https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites/burkina-faso-le-gouvernement-militaire-dissout-tous-les-partis-politiques-6a43758d03db1480873970789daf2e11 |website=Boursorama |date=2026-01-29 |access-date=2026-01-30}}</ref>. Ku wa 3 Mata 2026, mu kiganiro yagiriye kuri Televiziyo y'igihugu (RTB), Kapiteni Ibrahim Traoré yatangaje ko Burkina Faso igomba kwibagirwa igitekerezo cya demokarasi, avuga ko muri iki gihe gikoreshwa n'abakoloni bashya (''impérialistes'')<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Sidwaya |title=Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, Président du Faso: « La reconquête, la refondation et la Révolution, c’est la seule voie pour se développer » |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-president-du-faso-la-reconquete-la-refondation-et-la-revolution-cest-la-seule-voie-pour-se-developper/ |website=Sidwaya |date=2026-04-06 |access-date=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |author=Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina |title=An I de la proclamation de la RPP : Le Capitaine Ibrahim TRAORE face à la presse |url=https://www.youtube.com/live/Z0xroLNltHk?t=7654 |website=YouTube |format=video}}</ref>: {{Quote|Za demokarasi zishe abana, za demokarasi zateye ibisasu, zica abagore, zisenya ibitaro, zica abaturage b'abasivili. Ese iyo ni yo demokarasi? Bakora nk'aho batabibona (abanyabwenge), aho ngaho bahumiriza. Urubyiruko rw'Afurika rugomba kumva ko ibyo ari ibinyoma. Iki gitekerezo cya demokarasi ni ikinyoma, ni inkoni gusa abantu bafata bakayikoresha bahana Abanyafurika n'abandi baturage bamwe. Ni yo mpamvu tugomba kwibagirwa igitekerezo cya demokarasi. Tugomba kugira umutima w'impinduramatwara. Guhindura ubuzima bwacu mu buryo bw'impinduramatwara…}}<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ibrahim Traoré estime que le Burkina Faso doit « oublier » la démocratie |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c4gvdrl5xyko |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-04-03 |access-date=2026-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : « La démocratie, c’est pas pour nous », martèle le chef de la junte |work=Le Monde |date=2026-04-03 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/04/03/burkina-faso-la-democratie-c-est-pas-pour-nous-martele-le-chef-de-la-junte_6676235_3212.html |access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref> == Ibihembo n'ishimwe == === Ibihembo === * 2023: Igihembo cy'"Umukunzi w'Igihugu w'Indashyikirwa w'umwaka" (''Prix Yoro''), cyatanzwe mu nshuro ya mbere y'ibirori byiswe ''Grande Nuit du patriotisme'', byateguwe n'ishyirahamwe ''Léeré Sarré'' mu Kigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuhanzi, Imyidagaduro n'Itangazamakuru (CENASA) i [[Wagadugu]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |first=Abdoul Gani |last=Barry |title=Première édition de la « Grande nuit du patriotisme » : Le Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré reçoit le prix du super patriote de l’année |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/06/24/premiere-edition-de-la-grande-nuit-du-patriotisme-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-recoit-le-prix-du-super-patriote-de-lannee/ |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-06-24 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: Igihembo cy'icyubahiro cyatanzwe mu birori bya gatatu byo guhemba abantu bavuga rikijyana kurusha abandi mu mwaka, byateguwe n'ishyirahamwe ''Intelligence burkinabè pour le développement'' i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Promotion du leadership au Burkina: 10 personnalités dont le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré distinguées |url=https://la-plume.bf/2025/03/28/promotion-du-leadership-au-burkina-10-personnalites-dont-le-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-distinguees/ |website=La Plume |date=2025-03-28 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: Igihembo cyihariye kubera uruhare rwe mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi, udushya n'ibihangano muri Burkina Faso, cyatanzwe mu nshuro ya 15 y'Ihuriro ry'Igihugu ry'Ubushakashatsi n'Udushya mu Ikoranabuhanga (FRSIT) i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : l'innovation encouragée par le président Ibrahim Traoré |url=https://africa24tv.com/burkina-faso-linnovation-encouragee-par-le-president-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Africa24 TV |date=2025-10-23 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=15e édition du FRSIT : Boubacar ZONGO sacré lauréat du Bangré d’or |url=https://www.mesrsi.gov.bf/informations/actualites/details?cHash=c5c9c5f9e6c9c986f964bb0e2ce4f8da&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1427 |website=Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de l'Innovation |date=2025-10-27 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. === Ishimwe === * 2023: Umudari wa BRICS, wamuhawe na Larisa Zelentsova, perezida w'ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry'imishinga y'ingenzi ya BRICS, i Wagadugu, mu rwego rwo gushimira ibikorwa bye biharanira ubusugire bw'igihugu<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Vers un remodelage des Brics |url=https://www.dw.com/fr/brics-afrique-burkina-cooperation-russie/a-65905812 |website=DW |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Diplomatie : le Président de la Transition décoré de la Médaille des BRICS |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/diplomatie-le-president-de-la-transition-decore-de-la-medaille-des-brics/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2024: Yagizwe "Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Abafatanyabikorwa b'Ikiragano Gishya" (''ANGe en chef'') wa Burkina Faso n'umuryango wa sosiyete sivile Fasokooz, mu birori byawo byo gutangira umwaka wa 2024-2025 i Wagadugu<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Le président Traoré fait « ANGe en chef » du Burkina |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-07-06 |url=https://www.aib.media/le-president-traore-fait-ange-en-chef-du-burkina/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125063619/https://www.aib.media/le-president-traore-fait-ange-en-chef-du-burkina/ |archive-date=2025-01-25 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. * 2025: [[File:Mali Ordre national du Mali GC ribbon.svg|50px]] Grand-croix y'Urwego rw'Igihugu (''Ordre national'') rwa Repubulika ya [[Mali]]<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=2e session du collège des chefs d’État de l’AES |url=https://www.presidencedufaso.bf/2e-session-du-college-des-chefs-detat-de-laes/ |website=Présidence du Faso |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. == Mu muco rusange == === Indirimbo === * 2024: ''Cet homme m'enjaille'' ya Jah Lee<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |last=Sidwaya |title=Musique: L’artiste burkinabé JAH LEE lance un vibrant hommage au capitaine Ibrahim Traoré |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/musique-lartiste-burkinabe-jah-lee-lance-un-vibrant-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore/ |website=Sidwaya |date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''IB Kouma'' ya Elie Kamano<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=IB KOUMA - Single by Elie Kamano |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ib-kouma-single/1818169402 |website=Apple Music |date=2025-05-29 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Élie Kamano demande la nationalité burkinabè ! |url=https://mediaguinee.com/2025/06/elie-kamano-demande-la-nationalite-burkinabe/ |website=Mediaguinee.com |date=2025-06-09 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Dî Tiu-Wan-Nï'', alubumu ya Alice Aditoua igizwe n'indirimbo esheshatu, aho yunamira Ibrahim Traoré n'Ihuriro ry'Ibihugu bya Sahel<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Alice Aditoua, artiste burkinabè : « je vous donne rendez-vous ce 6 décembre, pour la sortie officielle de mon 5e album » |url=https://actuburkina.net/alice-aditoua-artiste-burkinabe-je-vous-donne-rendez-vous-ce-6-decembre-pour-la-sortie-officielle-de-mon-5e-album/ |website=ActuBurkina |date=2025-12-04 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Naaba Nii Toumdé'' ya David Le Combattant<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Naaba Nii Toumdé - Single par David le combattant |url=https://music.apple.com/ci/album/naaba-nii-toumd%C3%A9-single/1860678097 |website=Apple Music |date=2025-12-12 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2026: ''Yédimpo'', alubumu ya Marie Gayéri, irimo indirimbo yitwa ''Traoré''<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Marie Gayéri rend hommage au Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré dans son 5ᵉ album, « Yédimpo » |url=https://faso7.com/2026/02/02/burkina-faso-marie-gayeri-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-dans-son-5%e1%b5%89-album-yedimpo/ |website=Faso7 |date=2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. === Ibitabo === * 2024: ''Le Capitaine Ibrahim ou le Guerrier révolté'', cyanditswe na Yaya Ouédraogo<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Littérature : Yaya Ouédraogo rend hommage au capitaine Ibrahim Traoré, « un guerrier révolté » |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-11-18 |url=https://www.aib.media/litterature-yaya-ouedraogo-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-un-guerrier-revolte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250713195032/https://www.aib.media/litterature-yaya-ouedraogo-rend-hommage-au-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-un-guerrier-revolte/ |archive-date=2025-07-13 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. * 2024: ''Le capitaine Ibrahim Traoré : l'espoir retrouvé ou la renaissance d'un peuple déboussolé'', cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'Umunyaburukinafaso Abdoul Moumouni Ouédraogo<ref>{{cite news |language=fr |title=Burkina : Un auteur présente la vision du capitaine Traoré dans un livre de 117 pages |work=Agence d'Information du Burkina |date=2024-10-26 |url=https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-auteur-presente-la-vision-du-capitaine-traore-dans-un-livre-de-117-pages/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104075250/https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-auteur-presente-la-vision-du-capitaine-traore-dans-un-livre-de-117-pages/ |archive-date=2024-11-04 |access-date=2026-09-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. * 2025: ''La Vision du Capitaine Ibrahim Traoré'', [[igitabo]] cya Kiswendsida Jules César Kaboré, gikusanyirizwamo amagambo Ibrahim Traoré yavuze hagati y'Ukwakira 2022 na Mutarama 2025<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Littérature : « La vision du Capitaine Ibrahim TRAORÉ » écrite par Kiswendsida Jules César Kaboré |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/06/13/litterature-la-vision-du-capitaine-ibrahim-traore-ecrite-par-kiswendsida-jules-cesar-kabore-redacteur-en-chef-adjoint-de-burkina-24/ |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-06-13 |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. * 2025: ''Cet homme ne doit pas mourir : Ibrahim Traoré, le cauchemar des puissances étrangères'', cyanditswe na Pierre K. Rugero<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Cet homme ne doit pas mourir : Ibrahim Traoré, le cauchemar des puissances étrangères |url=https://www.cultura.com/p-cet-homme-ne-doit-pas-mourir-ibrahim-traore-le-cauchemar-des-puissances-etrangeres-9782312080482.html |website=Cultura |access-date=2026-09-25}}</ref>. == Reba kandi == * [[RAFFINOR-BF]] == Aho byavuye == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Ibrahim Traore}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Traoré, Ibrahim}} [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abaperezida]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] ay0i6cjolacohikit5e1dllirpq2gly 0 23230 149314 145102 2026-11-07T20:18:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug |Watchedfields =changed |verifiedrevid =477168837 |image =Ketamine2DCSD.svg |width =150px |alt = |image2 =S-ketamine-from-HCl-xtal-3D-balls.png |width2 =175px |alt2 =(''S'')-Ketamine ball-and-stick model |caption =<!-- |type = <!-- Names --> |pronounce = |tradename =Ketalar, others |synonyms =CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2<ref name="MortonHall2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Morton IK, Hall JM |title=Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-011-4439-1 |pages=159– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411144623/https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |archive-date=11 April 2017 }}</ref> |IUPAC_name =(''RS'')-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone <!-- Clinical data --> |class =[[NMDA receptor antagonist|NMDA receptor antagonists]]; [[General anaesthetic|General anesthetics]]; [[Dissociative|Dissociative hallucinogen]]s; [[Analgesic]]s; [[Antidepressant]]s |uses =<!-- primary uses --> |side_effects =<!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> |interactions =<!-- notable interactions --> |pregnancy_AU =B3 |pregnancy_AU_comment=<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Ketamine (Ketalar) Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=22 November 2019 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ketamine.html | access-date=18 May 2020 | archive-date=26 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626125239/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ketamine.html | url-status=live }}</ref> |pregnancy_US =N |pregnancy_US_comment=<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> |pregnancy_category= |breastfeeding = |routes_of_administration=Any<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bell RF, Eccleston C, Kalso EA | title = Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 6 | pages = CD003351 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28657160 | pmc = 6481583 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003351.pub3 | url = http://opus.bath.ac.uk/57535/1/Published_Version.pdf | access-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-date = 2024-01-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240112122726/http://opus.bath.ac.uk/57535/1/Published_Version.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moyse DW, Kaye AD, Diaz JH, Qadri MY, Lindsay D, Pyati S | title = Perioperative Ketamine Administration for Thoracotomy Pain | journal = Pain Physician | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 173–184 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28339431 }}</ref><ref name="MathewZarate2016">{{cite book | first1 = Sanjay J. | last1 = Mathew | first2 = Carlos A. | last2 = Zarate Jr |title=Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: The First Decade of Progress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDOgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |date=25 November 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-42925-0 |pages=8–10, 14–22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=QDOgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name="MD">{{cite web|title=Ketamine Hydrochloride: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|date=9 January 2017|access-date=24 August 2017|editor=Brayfield, A|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|website=MedicinesComplete|url=https://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/ms-3114-h.htm|location=London, UK|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828134205/https://about.medicinescomplete.com/wp-content/themes/mc-marketing/assets/images/favicons-tiles/favicon.ico|url-status=live}}</ref> |onset =* Intravenous: seconds<ref name=sinner>{{cite book | vauthors = Sinner B, Graf BM |chapter= Ketamine |title= Modern Anesthetics | veditors = Schüttler J, Schwilden H |series= Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology |year= 2008 |volume= 182 |issue= 182 |pages= 313–33 |isbn= 978-3-540-72813-9 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_15 |pmid=18175098}}</ref> * Intramuscular: 1–5 min<ref name=sinner /><ref name="Quibell2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Quibell R, Prommer EE, Mihalyo M, Twycross R, Wilcock A | title = Ketamine* | journal = Journal of Pain and Symptom Management | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 640–9 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21419322 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.01.001 | url = http://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924%2811%2900046-7/fulltext | type = Therapeutic Review | doi-access = free | access-date = 9 August 2020 | archive-date = 16 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916035324/https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924%2811%2900046-7/fulltext | url-status = live }}</ref> * Subcutaneous: 15–30 min<ref name="Quibell2011" /> * Insufflation: 5–10 min<ref name=sinner /> * By mouth: 15–30 min<ref name=sinner /><ref name="Quibell2011" /> |duration_of_action=* Intramuscular: 0.5–2 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" /> * Insufflation: 45–60 min<ref name=sinner /> * By mouth: 1–6+ hours<ref name=sinner /><ref name="Quibell2011" /> |defined_daily_dose=Not established<ref>{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N01AX03 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=2 September 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029104027/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N01AX03 |url-status=live }}</ref> |typical_dose = |addiction_liability=Low–moderate<ref name="NHM-PCP and ketamine">{{cite book |vauthors=Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE |veditors=Sydor A, Brown RY |title=Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience |year=2009 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-148127-4 | pages=374–375 |edition=2nd |chapter=Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders |quote=Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and ketamine (also known as special K) are structurally related drugs... their reinforcing properties and risks related to compulsive abuse}}</ref><!--Start widen drugbox--><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!--End widen drugbox--> <!-- External links --> |Drugs.com ={{drugs.com|monograph|ketamine-hydrochloride}} |MedlinePlus = <!-- Legal data --> |legal_AU =S8 |legal_CA =Schedule I |legal_UN =Unscheduled |legal_UK =Class B |legal_US =Schedule III |legal_status =Rx-only |DailyMedID =Ketamine |licence_US =Ketamine |licence_EU = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> |bioavailability =* [[Intravenous therapy|Intravenous]]: 100%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> * [[Intramuscular injection|Intramuscular]]: 93%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> * [[Subcutaneous administration|Subcutaneous]]: high<ref name="Mao2016">{{cite book |author=Jianren Mao |title=Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |date=19 April 2016 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-8900-4 |pages=127– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VrvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA127 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref> * [[Epidural administration|Epidural]]: 77%<ref name="Kintz2014">{{cite book |author=Pascal Kintz |title=Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date=22 March 2014 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-12-416969-2 |pages=87– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgnUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref> * [[Nasal administration|Intranasal]]: 8–50%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="pmid29736744">{{cite journal | vauthors = Molero P, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Martin-Santos R, Calvo-Sánchez E, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Meana JJ | title = Antidepressant Efficacy and Tolerability of Ketamine and Esketamine: A Critical Review | journal = CNS Drugs | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 411–420 | date = May 2018 | pmid = 29736744 | doi = 10.1007/s40263-018-0519-3 }}</ref><ref name=sinner /> * [[Sublingual administration|Sublingual]]: 24–30%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref name="Hashimoto2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hashimoto K | title = Rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine, its metabolites and other candidates: A historical overview and future perspective | journal = Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences | volume = 73 | issue = 10 | pages = 613–627 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31215725 | pmc = 6851782 | doi = 10.1111/pcn.12902 }}</ref> * [[Rectal administration|Rectal]]: 11–30%<ref name="Nemeroff2017">{{cite book | first1 = Alan F. | last1 = Schatzberg | first2 = Charles B. | last2 = Nemeroff |title=The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, Fifth Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |year=2017 |publisher=American Psychiatric Pub |isbn=978-1-58562-523-9 |pages=550– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=KfHEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA550 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> * [[Oral administration|By mouth]]: 16–29%<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name="DickmanSchneider2016">{{cite book | first1 = Andrew | last1 = Dickman | first2 = Jennifer | last2 = Schneider |title=The Syringe Driver: Continuous Subcutaneous Infusions in Palliative Care |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |date=22 September 2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-873372-0 |pages=114– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbUSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Zhang2018 /> |protein_bound =12–47% (low)<ref name="Kintz2014" /><ref name=sinner /><ref name="DowdJohnson2016">{{cite book|first1=Frank J.|last1=Dowd|first2=Bart|last2=Johnson|first3=Angelo|last3=Mariotti|title=Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry – E-Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xT7DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235|date=3 September 2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-44595-5|pages=235–|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185945/https://books.google.com/books?id=6xT7DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235|url-status=live}}</ref> |metabolism =[[Liver]] ([[demethylation|''N''-demethylation]]):<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hijazi Y, Boulieu R | title = Contribution of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes | journal = Drug Metabolism and Disposition | volume = 30 | issue = 7 | pages = 853–8 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12065445 | doi = 10.1124/dmd.30.7.853 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/935c35b819e091b777788d99379fbb33bcc9e24f | access-date = 9 August 2020 | archive-date = 28 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210828134155/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Contribution-of-CYP3A4%2C-CYP2B6%2C-and-CYP2C9-isoforms-Hijazi-Boulieu/935c35b819e091b777788d99379fbb33bcc9e24f | url-status = live }}</ref> * Major: [[CYP3A4]] * Minor: [[CYP2B6]], [[CYP2C9]] |metabolites =* [[Norketamine]] * [[Dehydronorketamine]] * [[Hydroxynorketamine]] * [[Bioconjugation|Conjugates]]<ref name="Levine2003">{{cite book |author=Barry Levine |title=Principles of Forensic Toxicology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |year=2003 |publisher=[[Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine|American Association for Clinical Chemistry]] |isbn=978-1-890883-87-4 |pages=282– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185726/https://books.google.com/books?id=k7BInEQ-iqgC&pg=PA282 |archive-date=8 September 2017 }}</ref> |elimination_half-life=* Ketamine: 2.5–3 hours<ref name=sinner /><ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> * Norketamine: 12 hours<ref name="Quibell2011" /> |excretion =* [[Urine]]: 91%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> * [[Feces]]: 1–3%<ref name="MathewZarate2016" /> <!-- Chemical and physical data --> |C =13 |Cl =1 |H =16 |N =1 |O =1 |SMILES =Clc1ccccc1C2(NC)CCCCC2=O |StdInChI =1S/C13H16ClNO/c1-15-13(9-5-4-8-12(13)16)10-6-2-3-7-11(10)14/h2-3,6-7,15H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3 |StdInChI_Ref ={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChIKey =YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |StdInChIKey_Ref ={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |molecular_weight =237.725 |chirality =[[Racemic mixture]]:<ref name=sinner /> * [[Esketamine]] (''S''(+)-isomer) * [[Arketamine]] (''R''(−)-isomer) |melting_point =258 |melting_high =261 <!--Empty--> |urine =2 weeks<ref>{{cite web |title=Interpreting Urine Drug Tests (UDT) |url=https://www.childhealthbc.ca/media/498 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025202836/https://www.childhealthbc.ca/media/498 |url-status=live }}</ref> |drug_name =Ketamine }} '''Ketamine''' ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutangiza no kubungabunga ikinya.<ref name="KetPres2013">{{Cite web|title=Ketamine Injection|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/ketamine-injection.html|website=[[Drugs.com]]|access-date=1 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210181630/http://www.drugs.com/pro/ketamine-injection.html|archive-date=10 December 2014}}</ref> Bitera umuntu kumva ameze nk'uwihebye mu gihe bigabanya ububabare, gutuza no kwibagirwa.<ref name="GreenRoback2011" /> Izindi ngamba zirimo kugabanya ububabare mu bitaro by’inyongera no kuvura ububabare [[Indwara y'agahinda|n’agahinda]].<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zgaia AO, Irimie A, Sandesc D, Vlad C, Lisencu C, Rogobete A, Achimas-Cadariu P|title=The role of ketamine in the treatment of chronic cancer pain|journal=Clujul Medical|volume=88|issue=4|pages=457–61|date=2015|pmid=26733743|pmc=4689236|doi=10.15386/cjmed-500}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zapantis A, Leung S|title=Tolerance and withdrawal issues with sedation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_critical-care-nursing-clinics-of-north-america_2005-09_17_3/page/211|journal=Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America|volume=17|issue=3|pages=211–23|date=September 2005|pmid=16115529|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2005.04.011}}</ref><ref name="Zhang2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zhang K, Hashimoto K|title=An update on ketamine and its two enantiomers as rapid-acting antidepressants|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=19|issue=1|pages=83–92|date=January 2019|pmid=30513009|doi=10.1080/14737175.2019.1554434}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kraus C, Rabl U, Vanicek T, Carlberg L, Popovic A, Spies M, Bartova L, Gryglewski G, Papageorgiou K, Lanzenberger R, Willeit M, Winkler D, Rybakowski JK, Kasper S|display-authors=6|title=Administration of ketamine for unipolar and bipolar depression|journal=International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice|volume=21|issue=1|pages=2–12|date=March 2017|pmid=28097909|doi=10.1080/13651501.2016.1254802}}</ref><ref name="RD9">{{Cite book|vauthors=Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Hendersen G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP|title=Rang and Dale's Pharmacology|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780702074462|page=560|edition=Ninth}}</ref> Imikorere y'umutima, guhumeka, n'imikorere y'imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero muri rusange bikomeza gukora neza.<ref name="GreenRoback2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Green SM, Roback MG, Kennedy RM, Krauss B|title=Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update|journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine|volume=57|issue=5|pages=449–61|date=May 2011|pmid=21256625|doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030}}</ref> Ingaruka zikunze gutangira mu minota itanu iyo zitanzwe hakoreshejwe urushinge, kandi zimara iminota 25.<ref name="KetPres2013" /><ref name="Mary2014">{{Cite web|title=Ketamine – CESAR|url=http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ketamine.asp|website=Center for Substance Abuse Research|publisher=[[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]]|access-date=26 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112080924/http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ketamine.asp|archive-date=12 November 2013}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] p5m2aqfknbzrb2kvs4mrqnaiq79q46c 0 23246 149263 145407 2026-11-07T19:45:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Hydrocephalus |synonym =Water on the brain<ref name=NIH2016/> |image =Hydrocephalus (cropped).jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Hydrocephalus as seen on a [[CT scan]] of the brain. The black areas in the middle of the brain (the [[lateral ventricles]]) are [[Ventriculomegaly|abnormally large]] and filled with fluid. |pronounce ={{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|aɪ|d|r|əʊ|ˈ|s|ɛ|f|ə|l|ə|s}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Hydrocephalus |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hydrocephalus |website=Collins |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427051455/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hydrocephalus |url-status=live }}</ref> |field =[[neurosurgery]] |symptoms ='''Babies''': rapid head growth, [[vomiting]], sleepiness, [[seizures]]<ref name=NIH2016/><br>'''Older people''': [[Headache]]s, [[double vision]], poor balance, [[urinary incontinence]], personality changes, [[mental impairment]]<ref name=NIH2016/> |complications = |onset = |duration = |types = |causes =[[Neural tube defect|Neural tube defects]], [[meningitis]], [[brain tumors]], [[traumatic brain injury]], [[intraventricular hemorrhage]]<ref name=NIH2016/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms and [[medical imaging]]<ref name=NIH2016/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Surgery<ref name=NIH2016/> |medication = |prognosis =Variable, often normal life<ref name=NIH2016/> |frequency =1.5 per 1,000 (babies)<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=Stev2003/> |deaths = |named after = }} '''Hydrocephalus''' ni indwara aho amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF) yiyongera mu [[Ubwonko|bwonko]].<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hydrocephalus/detail_hydrocephalus.htm|title=Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet|date=April 5, 2016|website=NINDS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727231854/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hydrocephalus/detail_hydrocephalus.htm|archive-date=27 July 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=5 September 2016}}</ref> Ibi bikunze gutera kwiyongera k'umuvuduko mu gahanga. Abantu bakuze bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kuribwa umutwe, kutabona neza, kutabasha kwifata mu nkari, impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri, cyangwa [[Handicap mental|ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]]. Ku bana bato, bishobora kugaragara nk'ubwiyongere bwihuse bw'umutwe. Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kuruka, gusinzira, gukubita no kumanuka amaso.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Hydrocephalus ishobora guterwa n'ubumuga bwo kuvukana cyangwa ikavuka nyuma y'ubuzima.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ubusembwa bujyanye n'igihe umuntu avukana burimo ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko n'ibivamo stenosis y'amazi.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD, Warf BC|title=Hydrocephalus in children|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=387|issue=10020|pages=788–99|date=February 2016|pmid=26256071|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60694-8}}</ref> Izindi mpamvu zirimo meningite, [[Kanseri y’ubwonko|ibibyimba byo mu bwonko]], imvune mu bwonko, kuva amaraso imbere mu mutima, no kuva amaraso munsi y'umugongo. Ubwoko bune bwa hydrocephalus ni itumanaho, kudatumana, ''ibyuka bivamo umwuka'', n'umuvuduko usanzwe. Gusuzuma indwara akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry'umubiri no gukoresha amashusho y'abaganga.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Hydrocephalus ikunze kuvurwa no kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shunt.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Uburyo bwitwa ventriculostomy ya gatatu ni amahitamo kuri bamwe.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ingorane ziterwa na shunts zishobora kuba zirimo kuvoma amazi menshi, kuvoma amazi make, kwangirika k'ibikoresho, kwandura indwara, cyangwa kuziba.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gusaba gusimburwa.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibisubizo biratandukanye, ariko abantu benshi bafite shunt babaho ubuzima busanzwe.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Hatabayeho kuvurwa, urupfu cyangwa ubumuga buhoraho bishobora kubaho.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Hafi umwe kugeza kuri babiri ku bana 1,000 bavutse bafite indwara ya hydrocephalus.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="Stev2003">{{Cite book|last=Stevenson|first=David K.|last2=Benitz|first2=William E.|title=Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Management and the Risks of Practice|date=2003|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|isbn=9780521806916|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RuekFAj_tIAC&pg=PA117|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221212406/https://books.google.com/books?id=RuekFAj_tIAC&pg=PA117|archive-date=2016-12-21}}</ref> Igipimo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere gishobora kuba kiri hejuru.<ref name="Ab2012" /> Igipimo cy’umuvuduko usanzwe wa hydrocephalus gifatwa nk’abantu 5 kuri 100.000, aho igipimo kigenda cyiyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323448383|page=621|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA621|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221201502/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA621|archive-date=2016-12-21}}</ref> Ibisobanuro bya Hippocrates ku ndwara ya hydrocephalus byatangiye mu myaka irenga 2.000 ishize.<ref name="Ab2012">{{Cite book|first=Richard G.|last=Ellenbogen|first2=Saleem I.|last2=Abdulrauf|first3=Laligam N.|last3=Sekhar|title=Principles of Neurological Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMtRtuz5mnwC&pg=PA105|year=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4377-0701-4|pages=105|access-date=2016-09-23|archive-date=2021-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430075026/https://books.google.com/books?id=vMtRtuz5mnwC&pg=PA105|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo ''hydrocephalus'' rikomoka ku kigereki [[Template: Lang-grc]], risobanura 'amazi' na [[Template: Lang-grc]], risobanura 'umutwe'.<ref name="Dor2000">{{Cite book|title=Dorland's electronic medical dictionary.|date=2000|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|isbn=9780721694931|edition=29th}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] a8ypetxdtt2gos90tn05aljqlbkgxjt 0 23250 149262 145466 2026-11-07T19:44:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heroine''', izwi kandi nka '''diamorphine''' n'andi mazina,<ref name="Heroin's rINN">{{Cite book|vauthors=Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G|title=Rang & Dale's Pharmacology|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702054976|page=515|edition=8th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOLTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA515|access-date=12 April 2016|quote=While 'diamorphine' is the recommended International Nonproprietary Name (rINN), this drug is widely known as heroin.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307152341/https://books.google.com/books?id=iOLTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA515|archive-date=7 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane nk'umuti wo kwidagadura kubera ingaruka zawo z'ibyishimo.<ref name="Drugs2014">{{Cite web|title=Heroin|url=https://www.drugs.com/illicit/heroin.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=19 October 2016|date=18 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019154754/https://www.drugs.com/illicit/heroin.html|archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu bihugu byinshi mu kugabanya ububabare cyangwa mu kuvura indwara ya opioid.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Friedrichsdorf|first=SJ|last2=Postier|first2=A|title=Management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer|journal=Journal of Pain Research|date=2014|volume=7|pages=117–23|pmid=24639603|doi=10.2147/JPR.S58862|pmc=3953108}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=(UK)|last=National Collaborating Centre for Cancer|title=Opioids in Palliative Care: Safe and Effective Prescribing of Strong Opioids for Pain in Palliative Care of Adults|date=May 2012|pmid=23285502|journal=Opioids in Palliative Care: Safe and Effective Prescribing of Strong Opioids for Pain in Palliative Care of Adults}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Uchtenhagen AA|title=Heroin maintenance treatment: from idea to research to practice|journal=Drug and Alcohol Review|volume=30|issue=2|pages=130–7|date=March 2011|pmid=21375613|doi=10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00266.x|url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/47764/1/Heroinmaintenance_Uchtenhagen-V.pdf|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828105215/http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/47764/1/Heroinmaintenance_Uchtenhagen-V.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe iterwa, akenshi mu mitsi, ariko ishobora no kunyobwa, gushongeshwa, cyangwa guhumeka.<ref name="Drugs2014" /><ref name="NIH2014">{{Cite web|title=DrugFacts—Heroin|url=https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin|website=National Institute on Drug Abuse|access-date=19 October 2016|date=October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019150657/https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin|archive-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/heroinrrs_11_14.pdf|title=Research Report Series: Heroin|last=National Institutes on Drug Abuse|publisher=National Institutes on Drug Abuse|year=2014|isbn=|location=|pages=1|quote=Highly pure heroin can be snorted or smoked and may be more appealing to new users because it eliminates the stigma associated with injection drug use…. Impure heroin is usually dissolved, diluted, and injected into veins, muscles, or under the skin.|via=|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230054652/https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/heroinrrs_11_14.pdf|archive-date=30 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ingaruka zitangira vuba kandi zimara amasaha make.<ref name="Drugs2014" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwiheba mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (kugabanuka k'ubuhumekero), kuma mu kanwa, gusinzira, kudakora neza mu mutwe, impatwe, no kuba imbata.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha inshinge zishobora kuba zirimo ibibyimba, imiyoboro y'umutima yanduye, indwara ziterwa n'amaraso, na pneumonia.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Nyuma y'amateka yo gukoresha opioid igihe kirekire, ibimenyetso byo kuyireka bishobora gutangira mu masaha make uhereye igihe wayikoresheje bwa nyuma.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Iyo itewe mu mitsi, heroine igira ingaruka zikubye kabiri cyangwa gatatu z'umuti wa morphine ungana.<ref name="Drugs2014" /> Ubusanzwe iza ari ifu y'umweru cyangwa iy'umukara.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Kuvura ubusinzi bwa heroine akenshi bikubiyemo uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire n'imiti.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Imiti ishobora kuba irimo buprenorphine, methadone, cyangwa naltrexone.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Kunywa heroine irenze urugero bishobora kuvurwa na naloxone.<ref name="NIH2014" /> Bigereranyijwe ko hari abantu 17&nbsp;miliyoni z'abantu {{as of|2015|lc=y}} gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge, muri yo heroine ikaba ari yo ikunze kugaragara cyane,<ref name="WDR2016">{{Cite book|title=World Drug Report 2016|chapter-url=http://www.unodc.org/doc/wdr2016/WORLD_DRUG_REPORT_2016_web.pdf|access-date=1 August 2016|chapter=Statistical tables|isbn=978-92-1-057862-2|location=Vienna, Austria|date=May 2016|page=xii, 18, 32|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809143704/http://www.unodc.org/doc/wdr2016/WORLD_DRUG_REPORT_2016_web.pdf|archive-date=9 August 2016|df=dmy-all|last=Crime|first=United Nations Office on Drugs and}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Information sheet on opioid overdose|url=https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/information-sheet/en/|website=WHO|access-date=10 December 2018|date=August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421140401/https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/information-sheet/en/|archive-date=21 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> kandi gukoresha opioid byahitanye abantu 122.000.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Umubare w’abakoresha heroine ku isi yose mu 2015 bikekwa ko wiyongereye muri Afurika, Amerika na Aziya kuva mu 2000.<ref name="WDR2017Part3">{{Cite book|title=World Drug Report 2017 Part 3|date=May 2017|publisher=United Nations|isbn=978-92-1-148294-2|pages=14, 24|url=http://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/Booklet_3_Plantbased_drugs.pdf|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727180346/https://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/Booklet_3_Plantbased_drugs.pdf|archive-date=27 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu bagera kuri 1.6% bagiye bakoresha heroine mu gihe runaka, aho abantu 950.000 bayikoresheje mu mwaka ushize.<ref name="NIH2014" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the scope of heroin use in the United States?|url=https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states|website=National Institute on Drug Abuse|access-date=10 December 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110910/https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/scope-heroin-use-in-united-states|archive-date=10 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo abantu bapfa kubera gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge birenze urugero, ibiyobyabwenge akenshi biba ari opioid ndetse akenshi bikaba ari heroine.<ref name="WDR2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Valencia|first=Marie|title=Record 29 million people drug-dependent worldwide; heroin use up sharply – UN report|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/06/record-29-million-people-drug-dependent-worldwide-heroin-use-up-sharply-un-report/|website=United Nations Sustainable Development|access-date=10 December 2018|date=23 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414091050/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/06/record-29-million-people-drug-dependent-worldwide-heroin-use-up-sharply-un-report/|archive-date=14 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Heroine yakozwe bwa mbere na CR Alder Wright mu 1874 ivuye muri morphine, umusaruro karemano wa opium poppy.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Century of International Drug Control|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=9789211482454|page=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRQiAVTTiYwC&pg=PT50|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234542/https://books.google.com/books?id=uRQiAVTTiYwC&pg=PT50|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, heroine igenzurwa hakurikijwe gahunda ya I n'iya IV z'Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Biyobyabwenge,<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 2004|url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/46thedition.pdf|title=Yellow List: List of Narcotic Drugs Under International Control|publisher=International Narcotics Control Board|access-date=5 May 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510002957/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/46thedition.pdf|archive-date=10 May 2012}} Referring URL = {{Cite web|url=http://www.incb.org/incb/yellow_list.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2006-06-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621035248/http://www.incb.org/incb/yellow_list.html|archive-date=21 June 2006}}</ref> kandi muri rusange bitemewe n'amategeko gukora, gutunga, cyangwa kugurisha nta ruhushya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lyman|first=Michael D.|title=Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts, and Control|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780124071674|page=45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRU4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234542/https://books.google.com/books?id=bRU4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mu 2016 hakozwe toni zigera kuri 448 za heroine.<ref name="WDR2017Part3" /> Mu 2015, Afuganisitani yakoraga hafi 66% by'umuti uhumanya ikirere ku isi.<ref name="WDR2016" /> Heroine itemewe ikunze kuvangwa n'ibindi bintu nka isukari, sitashi, kafeyine, quinine, cyangwa indi miti nka fentanyl.<ref name="Drugs2014" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/650080999|title=CUT : a guide to adulterants, bulking agents and other contaminants found in illicit drugs|date=2010|publisher=Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University|others=Cole, Claire., Liverpool John Moores University. Centre for Public Health.|year=|isbn=978-1-907441-47-9|location=Liverpool|pages=|oclc=650080999|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828105214/https://www.worldcat.org/title/cut-a-guide-to-adulterants-bulking-agents-and-other-contaminants-found-in-illicit-drugs/oclc/650080999|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 0rmxmb32w280pqj34ccisbtlho96cyc 0 23254 149269 145043 2026-11-07T19:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Gastritis|synonym=|image=Gastritis helicobacter - intermed mag.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Micrograph]] showing gastritis. [[H&E stain]].|pronounce=|field=[[Gastroenterology]]|symptoms=Upper [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], bloating, loss of appetite, [[heartburn]]<ref name=NID2013/><ref name=Rosen2012/>|complications=[[Bleeding]], [[Peptic ulcer disease|stomach ulcer]]s, [[stomach tumor]]s, [[pernicious anemia]]<ref name=NID2013/><ref name=Var2014/>|onset=|duration=Short or long term<ref name=NID2013/>|types=|causes=''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[Ethanol|alcohol]], [[smoking]], [[cocaine]], severe illness, [[autoimmune]] problems<ref name=NID2013/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Endoscopy]], [[upper gastrointestinal series]], blood tests, stool tests<ref name=NID2013/>|differential=[[Myocardial infarction]], [[pancreatitis|inflammation of the pancreas]], [[biliary colic|gallbladder problems]], [[peptic ulcer disease]]<ref name=Rosen2012/>|prevention=|treatment=[[Antacid]]s, [[H2 receptor antagonist|H2 blockers]], [[proton pump inhibitors]], [[antibiotic]]s<ref name=NID2013/>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=~50% of people<ref name=Ferri2013/>|deaths=50,000 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|named after=}}'''Igifu''' ni ukubyimba kw'uruti rw'igifu.<ref name="NID2013">{{Cite web|title=Gastritis|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gastritis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)|access-date=1 March 2015|date=November 27, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306172839/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gastritis/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Bishobora kubaho nk'igihe gito cyangwa bikaba igihe kirekire.<ref name="NID2013" /> Nta bimenyetso bishobora kubaho ariko iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, ububabare bukunze kugaragara ni ububabare bwo mu nda yo hejuru.<ref name="NID2013" /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara birimo isesemi no kuruka, kubyimba inda, kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kuribwa mu gifu.<ref name="NID2013" /><ref name="Rosen2012">{{Cite book|title=Rosen & Barkin's 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult|date=2012|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451160970|page=447|edition=4|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=3JNUG-m0650C&pg=PA447|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402085944/https://books.google.ca/books?id=3JNUG-m0650C&pg=PA447|archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kuva amaraso mu gifu, ibisebe byo mu gifu, n'ibibyimba byo mu gifu.<ref name="NID2013" /> Iyo habayeho ibibazo by’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, [[Anemie|uturemangingo dutukura duke]] duterwa no kubura [[Vitamini B12|vitamine B12]] ihagije, indwara izwi nka anemia itera indwara.<ref name="Var2014">{{Cite journal|last=Varbanova|first=M.|last2=Frauenschläger|first2=K.|last3=Malfertheiner|first3=P.|title=Chronic gastritis - an update.|journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol|volume=28|issue=6|pages=1031–42|date=Dec 2014|doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2014.10.005|pmid=25439069}}</ref> Impamvu zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwandura ''Helicobacter pylori'' no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe itari steroide ( NSAIDs ).<ref name="NID2013" /> Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara zirimo inzoga, kunywa itabi, kokayine, indwara zikomeye, ibibazo by’umubiri udafite ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho, kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire n’indwara ya Crohn.<ref name="NID2013" /><ref name="Mayo2014">{{Cite book|last=Hauser, Stephen|title=Mayo Clinic Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199373338|pages=49|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=1bITBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051031/https://books.google.ca/books?id=1bITBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> Endoskopi, ubwoko bwa X-ray buzwi nka " upper gastrointestinal series", ibizamini by'amaraso, n'ibizamini by'umwanda bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara.<ref name="NID2013" /> Ibimenyetso bya gastritis bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'umutima ifata imitsi.<ref name="Rosen2012" /> Izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa zirimo kubyimba kwa pancreas, ibibazo by'agasabo k'inkari, n'indwara y'ibisebe byo mu gifu.<ref name="Rosen2012" /> Kwirinda ni ukwirinda ibintu bitera indwara.<ref name="Ferri2013">{{Cite book|last=Fred F. Ferri|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2013,5 Books in 1, Expert Consult - Online and Print,1: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2013|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323083737|page=417|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OR3VERnvzzEC&pg=PA417|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074639/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OR3VERnvzzEC&pg=PA417|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref> Ubuvuzi burimo imiti nka antacids, H2 blockers, cyangwa proton pump inhibitors.<ref name="NID2013" /> Mu gihe cy'igitero gikomeye, kunywa lidocaine ifite viscous bishobora gufasha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Adams|title=Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9781455733941|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PP283|chapter=32|page=283|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815194518/https://books.google.ca/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PP283|archive-date=2016-08-15}}</ref> Iyo indwara ya gastritis iterwa na NSAIDs, ishobora guhagarara.<ref name="NID2013" /> Iyo ''H. pylori'' ihari ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ivanze ya antibiyotike nka amoxicillin na clarithromycin.<ref name="NID2013" /> Ku bafite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa Vitamine B12 irasabwa kunyobwa cyangwa guterwa inshinge.<ref name="Var2014" /> Abantu bakunze kugira inama yo kwirinda ibiryo bibabangamira.<ref name="Hold2012">{{Cite book|editor-last=Webster-Gandy, Joan|editor-last2=Madden, Angela|editor-last3=Holdsworth, Michelle|title=Oxford handbook of nutrition and dietetics|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199585823|page=571|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DugwipyfHgC&pg=PA571|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908172055/https://books.google.com/books?id=8DugwipyfHgC&pg=PA571|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Bivugwa ko indwara ya gastrite yibasira hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu ku isi yose.<ref name="Ferri2013" /> Mu 2013 habayeho abarwayi bashya bagera kuri miliyoni 90 b'iyi ndwara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-22-28-2015_386_9995/page/743|journal=Lancet|date=22 August 2015|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509}}</ref> Uko abantu bagenda bakura niko indwara irushaho kugaragara.<ref name="Ferri2013" /> Iyo ndwara, hamwe n’indwara isa nayo mu gice cya mbere cy’amara kizwi nka duodenitis, yahitanye abantu 50.000 mu 2015.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> ''H. pylori'' yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1981 na Barry Marshall na Robin Warren.<ref name="Wang2011">{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=AY|last2=Peura|first2=DA|title=The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding throughout the world.|journal=Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America|date=October 2011|volume=21|issue=4|pages=613–35|pmid=21944414|doi=10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.011}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] jvtq9ou6tjaasy3a33ksd51j9zael33 0 23256 149348 144853 2026-11-07T20:52:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salbutamol''', izwi kandi ku izina '''rya albuterol''' kandi igurishwa nka '''Ventolin''' mu yandi mazina, ni umuti ufungura inzira z'ubuhumekero zo hagati n'izinini mu bihaha.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015}} </ref> Ikoreshwa mu kuvura asima, harimo indwara ya asima, kugabanuka k'imitsi y'amaraso bitewe n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse n'indwara zidakira zo mu bihaha (COPD).<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura urugero rwinshi rwa potasiyumu mu maraso.<ref name="Mah2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mahoney BA, Smith WA, Lo DS, Tsoi K, Tonelli M, Clase CM|title=Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=2|pages=CD003235|date=April 2005|pmid=15846652|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2|pmc=6457842}}</ref> Salbutamol ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe hamwe n'icyuma gihumeka cyangwa imvange, ariko iboneka no mu binini, mu mazi no mu mitsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="starkey">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Starkey ES, Mulla H, Sammons HM, Pandya HC|title=Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|volume=99|issue=9|pages=873–7|date=September 2014|pmid=24938536|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467|url=https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175627/https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-09-08}} </ref> Itangira ry'imikorere y'iyi mashini ihumekwa rikunze kuba mu minota 15 kandi rimara amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atandatu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kunyara, kuribwa umutwe, gutera k'umutima vuba, kuzerera no kumva uhangayitse.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kwiyongera kwa bronchospasm, umutima utera nabi, hamwe n'urugero rwa potasiyumu mu maraso.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no konsa, ariko umutekano wayo nturasobanuka neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Yaffe|first=Sumner J.|title=Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk|date=2011|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781608317080|page=32|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061118/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}} </ref> Ni agonisti y’ikirahure cya <nowiki><sub id="mwbg">β2</sub></nowiki> adrenergic receptor ikora vuba, ikora mu gutuma imitsi yoroherwa n’imyakura igenda neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Salbutamol yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha patenti mu 1966 mu Bwongereza, itangira kugurishwa mu Bwongereza mu 1969.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Landau|first=Ralph|title=Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health|date=1999|publisher=Chemical Heritage Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780941901215|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072936/https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}}</ref><ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=542|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306085815/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|url-status=live}} </ref> Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1982.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Salbutamol iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cyo kugurisha mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere cy'umuti uhumeka ufite dose 200 kiri hagati {{US$|1.12}} na {{US$|2.64}} {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Salbutamol|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=5 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125302/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ni hagati {{US$|25}} na {{US$|50}} ku giciro gisanzwe cy'ukwezi.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=448}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa cumi ukoreshwa cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni 50.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}} </ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=1 December 1981|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106065652/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|url-status=live}} </ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] hyrqq3ta1zvfn5o7mpk5srphot051gw 0 23258 149272 145484 2026-11-07T20:01:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Clubfoot|synonym=Clubfeet, congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV)<ref name=Gib2013/>|image=Pied bot, varus équin (bilateral).jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Bilateral clubfeet|pronounce=|field=[[Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedics]], [[podiatry]]|symptoms=Foot that is rotated inwards and downwards<ref name=NIH2017/>|complications=|onset=During early pregnancy<ref name=Gib2013/>|duration=|types=|causes=Unknown<ref name=Gib2013/>|risks=[[Genetics]], [[Smoking and pregnancy|mother who smokes cigarettes]], males<ref name=Gib2013/>|diagnosis=[[Physical examination]], [[prenatal ultrasound|ultrasound during pregnancy]]<ref name=Gib2013/><ref name=Dob2009/>|differential=[[Pigeon toe|Metatarsus adductus]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moses|first1=Scott|title=Clubfoot|url=http://www.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Peds/Clbft.htm|website=www.fpnotebook.com|access-date=15 October 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150501/http://www.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Peds/Clbft.htm|archive-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[Ponseti method]] (manipulation, casting, cutting the [[Achilles tendon]], braces), French method, surgery<ref name=Gib2013/><ref name=Dob2009/>|medication=|prognosis=Good with proper treatment<ref name=Dob2009/>|frequency=1 to 4 in 1,000<ref name=Dob2009/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Ikirenge cy'ikirenge''' ni indwara ivuka aho ikirenge kimwe cyangwa byombi bizunguruka imbere no hepfo.<ref name="Gib2013">{{Cite journal|last=Gibbons|first=PJ|last2=Gray|first2=K|title=Update on clubfoot.|journal=Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health|date=September 2013|volume=49|issue=9|pages=E434–7|doi=10.1111/jpc.12167|pmid=23586398}}</ref><ref name="NIH2017">{{Cite web|title=Talipes equinovarus|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5112/talipes-equinovarus|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)|access-date=15 October 2017|language=en|date=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015145904/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5112/talipes-equinovarus|archive-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> Ikirenge n'ukuguru byafashwe bishobora kuba bito ugereranije n'ibindi.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Hafi 50% by'abarwayi b'ikirenge kibabara ibirenge byombi.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Sm2017">{{Cite journal|last=Smythe|first=Tracey|last2=Kuper|first2=Hannah|last3=Macleod|first3=David|last4=Foster|first4=Allen|last5=Lavy|first5=Christopher|date=March 2017|title=Birth prevalence of congenital talipes equinovarus in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH|volume=22|issue=3|pages=269–285|doi=10.1111/tmi.12833|issn=1365-3156|pmid=28000394|url=https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3302660/6/CF%20birth%20prevalence%20systematic%20rv_REVIEW_clean.docx|doi-access=free|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828042440/https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/3302660/6/CF|url-status=live}}</ref> Akenshi, ntabwo bifitanye isano n'ibindi bibazo.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa, ikirenge gikomeza kuba kibi, kandi abantu bagenda ku mpande z'ibirenge byabo.<ref name="Dob2009">{{Cite journal|last=Dobbs|first=Matthew B.|last2=Gurnett|first2=Christina A.|title=Update on clubfoot: etiology and treatment|journal=Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research|date=18 February 2009|volume=467|issue=5|pages=1146–1153|doi=10.1007/s11999-009-0734-9|pmid=19224303|issn=1528-1132|pmc=2664438}}</ref> Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare no kugorwa no kugenda.<ref name="O2016">{{Cite journal|last=O'Shea|first=Ryan M.|last2=Sabatini|first2=Coleen S.|date=December 2016|title=What is new in idiopathic clubfoot?|journal=Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine|volume=9|issue=4|pages=470–477|doi=10.1007/s12178-016-9375-2|issn=1935-973X|pmc=5127955|pmid=27696325}}</ref> Impamvu nyayo akenshi ntimenyekana.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Dob2009" /> Ibintu byombi bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije byizewe ko bibigiramo uruhare.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Dob2009" /> Iyo impanga imwe isa ifashwe, hari amahirwe angana na 33% ko indi nayo izafatwa.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Uburyo bw'ibanze butuma imitsi cyangwa ingingo zo hasi zihungabana, bigatera ingingo gufungana.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cummings|first=R. Jay|last2=Davidson|first2=Richard S.|last3=Armstrong|first3=Peter F.|last4=Lehman|first4=Wallace B.|date=February 2002|title=Congenital Clubfoot|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-bone-and-joint-surgery_2002-02_84a_2/page/290|journal=The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume|language=en-US|volume=84|issue=2|pages=290–308|issn=0021-9355|doi=10.2106/00004623-200202000-00018|pmid=11861737}}</ref> Izindi ndwara zikunze kugaragara kuri 20% by'igihe, aho ikunze kugaragara cyane ari arthrogryposis na myelomeningocele.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Dob2009" /> Isuzuma rishobora gukorwa igihe umuntu avuka binyuze mu gusuzuma cyangwa mbere yo kuvuka mu gihe cyo gusuzuma hakoreshejwe ultrasound.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Dob2009" /> Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura akenshi ni uburyo bwa Ponseti.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Ibi bikubiyemo kwimura ikirenge ukagishyira mu mwanya mwiza hanyuma ugatera icyuma, ibyo bigasubirwamo buri cyumweru.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Iyo umutsi wo mu nda umaze kumera neza, umutsi wo mu nda wa Achilles ukunze gucibwa, kandi imishumi irashyirwaho kugeza ku myaka ine.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Mu ntangiriro, igitambaro cyo gupfuka amaguru cyambarwa hafi buri gihe hanyuma kikambarwa nijoro gusa.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Mu manza zigera kuri 20%, hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo kubaga.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Ubuvuzi bushobora gukorwa n'abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi batandukanye kandi muri rusange bushobora kugerwaho mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nta bushobozi buke.<ref name="Gib2013" /> Ikirenge kibaho ku bana 1 kugeza kuri 4 mu bana 1.000 bavutse ari bazima, bigatuma kiba kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara ku maguru.<ref name="Sm2017" /><ref name="Dob2009" /><ref name="O2016" /> Hafi 80% by'abanduye bagaragara mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere aho abantu batabona ubuvuzi buhagije.<ref name="Sm2017" /> Ikirenge cy'umugongo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana b'imfura n'abahungu.<ref name="Gib2013" /><ref name="Sm2017" /><ref name="O2016" /> Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu baturage ba Maori, kandi ntibikunze kugaragara cyane mu Bashinwa.<ref name="Dob2009" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] bdj6kn3mn9b4djopg01ev7a85w527yr 0 23259 149228 145257 2026-11-07T19:22:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=443513464|drug_name=Chloramphenicol|image=Chloramphenicol.svg|image2=Chloramphenicol-3D-vdW.png <!-- Names -->|pronounce=|tradename=Pentamycetin, Chloromycetin, others<ref name=Wood2009>{{cite book|last1=Woods|first1=Adrienne L.|title=Delmar nurse's drug handbook.|date=2008|publisher=Delmar|location=Clifton Park, N.Y.|isbn=9781428361065|page=296|edition=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8MoIHiUja_oC&pg=PA296|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042621/https://books.google.ca/books?id=8MoIHiUja_oC&pg=PA296|archive-date=2016-03-05}}</ref>|synonyms=|IUPAC_name=2,2-dichloro-''N''-[(1''R'',2''R'')-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5959#section=Top|publisher=PubChem|title=Chloramphenicol|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115131903/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5959#section=Top|archive-date=2016-11-15}}</ref> <!-- Clinical data -->|class=[[Antibiotic]]|uses=[[Meningitis]], [[plague (disease)|plague]], [[cholera]], [[typhoid fever]]<ref name=AHFS2015/>|side_effects=[[Bone marrow suppression]], nausea, diarrhea<ref name=AHFS2015/>|interactions=<!-- notable interactions -->|pregnancy_AU=A|pregnancy_US=C|breastfeeding=|routes_of_administration=[[Eye drop|Eye drops]], by mouth, [[intravenous therapy|IV]], [[intramuscular injection|IM]]|onset=|duration_of_action=|defined_daily_dose=3 grams<ref name=WHO2020DDD>{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01BA01 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728154107/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01BA01 |url-status=live }}</ref>|typical_dose=<!-- External links -->|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|chloramphenicol}}|MedlinePlus=a608008 <!-- Legal data -->|legal_AU=S3|legal_CA=Rx-only|legal_UK=OTC|legal_US=Rx-only|licence_US=Chloramphenicol <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=75–90%|protein_bound=60%|metabolism=[[Liver]]|elimination_half-life=1.6–3.3 hours|excretion=[[Kidney]] (5–15%), faeces (4%) <!-- Chemical and physical data -->|C=11|Cl=2|H=12|N=2|O=5|SMILES=c1cc(ccc1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O)[N+](=O)[O-]|StdInChI=1S/C11H12Cl2N2O5/c12-10(13)11(18)14-8(5-16)9(17)6-1-3-7(4-2-6)15(19)20/h1-4,8-10,16-17H,5H2,(H,14,18)/t8-,9-/m1/s1|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}}Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo isesemi, no gucibwamo.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Chloramphenicol|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/chloramphenicol.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624080341/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/chloramphenicol.html|archive-date=2015-06-24}}</ref> Ni gake cyane hashobora kubaho kugabanuka k'umusemburo w'amagufwa, bikaba byaviramo urupfu.<ref name="Ritter2024">{{Cite book|last=Ritter|first=James M.|last2=Flower|first2=Rod|last3=Henderson|first3=Graeme|last4=Loke|first4=Yoon Kong|last5=Robinson|first5=Emma|last6=Fullerton|first6=James|title=Rang & Dale's Pharmacology|date=2024|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7448-6|pages=712|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=66G_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA712|language=English|edition=10th|chapter=52. Antibacterial drugs|access-date=2024-01-30|archive-date=2024-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210062417/https://books.google.com/books?id=66G_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA712#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi, igihe cyo kuvurwa kigomba kuba gito uko bishoboka kose.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Abantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa impyiko bashobora gukenera dose nke.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ku bana bato, indwara izwi nka "gray baby syndrome" ishobora kubaho, bigatuma igifu kibyimba kandi umuvuduko w'amaraso ukaba muke.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Gukoresha iyo ndwara hafi yo gutwita no mu gihe cyo konsa ubusanzwe ntibyemewe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chloramphenicol Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/chloramphenicol.html|website=Multum Information Services|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908064750/http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/chloramphenicol.html|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Chloramphenicol ni umuti urwanya udukoko twinshi ukunze guhagarika gukura kwa bagiteri binyuze mu guhagarika ikorwa rya poroteyine.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Chloramphenicol yavumbuwe nyuma yo gukurwa muri ''Streptomyces venezuelae'' mu 1947.<ref name="Pong1979" /> Imiterere yayo ya shimi yamenyekanye kandi yakozwe bwa mbere mu buryo bw'ubukorano mu 1949, bituma iba antibiyotike ya mbere yakorewe aho gukurwa mu turemangingo duto.<ref name="Pong1979">{{Cite book|last=Pongs|first=O.|editor-last=Hahn|editor-first=eFred E.|title=Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents|date=1979|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-642-46403-4|pages=26–42|chapter=Chapter 3: Chloramphenicol|series=Antibiotics Volume V Part 1}}</ref> {{rp|26}}Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’umuti uterwa mu mitsi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere ni hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.40–1.90.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Chloramphenicol|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=145&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005530/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=145&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igipimo cyo guterwa mu mitsi kigura hafi $41.47.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chloramphenicol Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs - Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/chloramphenicol|work=Drugs.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308142400/https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/chloramphenicol|archive-date=2017-03-08}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] i6dgg4vtz99yb7aax08mlafcutvrv1e 0 23261 149234 148546 2026-11-07T19:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Croup|synonym=Laryngotracheitis, subglottic laryngitis, obstructive laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis|image=Croup steeple sign.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=The [[steeple sign]] as seen on an AP neck X-ray of a child with croup|pronounce={{IPAc-en|k|r|uː|p}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croup |url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/croup |website=Macmillan |access-date=1 April 2020 |archive-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820114315/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/croup |url-status=dead }}</ref>|field=[[Pediatrics]]|symptoms="Barky" cough, [[stridor]], fever, stuffy nose<ref name=Au10/>|complications=|onset=|duration=Usually 1-2 days but can last up to 7 days<ref name=Croup09/>|types=|causes=Mostly viral<ref name=Au10/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=PedN09/>|differential=[[Epiglottitis]], airway [[foreign body]], [[bacterial tracheitis]]<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|prevention=[[influenza vaccine|Influenza]] and [[diphtheria vaccine|diphtheria]] vaccination<ref name=Cherry08/>|treatment=|medication=[[corticosteroids|Steroids]], [[epinephrine]]<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|prognosis=|frequency=15% of children at some point<ref name=PedN09/><ref name=Cherry08/>|deaths=Rare<ref name=Au10/>|named after=}} '''Croup''', izwi kandi nka '''laryngotracheobronchitis''', ni ubwoko bw'indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zikunze guterwa na virusi.<ref name="Au10">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rajapaksa S, Starr M|title=Croup – assessment and management|journal=Aust Fam Physician|volume=39|issue=5|pages=280–2|date=May 2010|pmid=20485713|doi=}}</ref> Ubwandu butera kubyimba imbere mu muyoboro w'amaraso, ibyo bikaba bibangamira guhumeka neza kandi bigatera ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo " gukorora ", stridor, n'ijwi rituje.<ref name="Au10" /> Umuriro n'izuru riva nabyo bishobora kuba biriho.<ref name="Au10" /> Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba byoroheje, biri hagati, cyangwa bikomeye.<ref name="Croup09">{{Cite journal|last=Johnson D|title=Croup|journal=BMJ Clin Evid|volume=2009|issue=|pages=|year=2009|pmid=19445760|pmc=2907784|doi=}}</ref> Akenshi bitangira cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi nijoro kandi ubusanzwe bifata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.<ref name="Thom2013">{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=M|last2=Vodicka, TA|last3=Blair, PS|last4=Buckley, DI|last5=Heneghan, C|last6=Hay, AD|last7=TARGET Programme, Team|title=Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=Dec 11, 2013|volume=347|pages=f7027|pmid=24335668|doi=10.1136/bmj.f7027|pmc=3898587}}</ref><ref name="Au10" /><ref name="Croup09" /> Indwara ya Croup ishobora guterwa na virusi nyinshi zirimo parainfluenza na virusi ya grippe.<ref name="Au10" /> Ni gake cyane biterwa n'ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]], buzwi nka tracheitis ya bagiteri.<ref name="Cherry08">{{Cite journal|last=Cherry JD|title=Clinical practice. Croup|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2008-01-24_358_4/page/384|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=358|issue=4|pages=384–91|year=2008|pmid=18216359|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> Ubusanzwe indwara ya Croup ipimwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso nyuma y’uko impamvu zishobora kuba zikomeye kurushaho, nka epiglottitis cyangwa umubiri wo mu nzira z’ubuhumekero, zitagaragaye.<ref name="PedN09">{{Cite journal|last=Everard ML|title=Acute bronchiolitis and croup|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatric-clinics-of-north-america_2009-02_56_1/page/119|journal=Pediatr. Clin. North Am.|volume=56|issue=1|pages=119–33, x–xi|date=February 2009|pmid=19135584|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.007}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera—nk'ibipimo by'amaraso, X-rays, no gupima—ubusanzwe ntabwo bikenewe.<ref name="PedN09" /> Abantu benshi barwara indwara ya croup bashobora kwirindwa binyuze mu gukingira ibicurane na diphtheria.<ref name="Cherry08" /> Ubusanzwe Croup ivurwa n'umuti umwe wa steroide ukoreshejwe mu kanwa (dexamethasone ku gipimo cya 0.15 kugeza 0.6 mg/kg).<ref name="Au10" /><ref name="Are2023">{{Cite journal|last=Aregbesola|first=A|last2=Tam|first2=CM|last3=Kothari|first3=A|last4=Le|first4=ML|last5=Ragheb|first5=M|last6=Klassen|first6=TP|title=Glucocorticoids for croup in children.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|date=10 January 2023|volume=1|issue=1|pages=CD001955|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5|pmid=36626194}}</ref> Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, epinephrine ihumekwa na yo ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Au10" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bjornson|first=C|last2=Russell|first2=K|last3=Vandermeer|first3=B|last4=Klassen|first4=TP|last5=Johnson|first5=DW|title=Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=10 October 2013|volume=10|issue=10|pages=CD006619|pmid=24114291|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006619.pub3}}</ref> Kwinjira mu bitaro ni ngombwa ku muntu umwe kugeza kuri batanu ku ijana by'abarwayi.<ref name="CMAJ2013">{{Cite journal|last=Bjornson|first=CL|last2=Johnson|first2=DW|title=Croup in children.|journal=CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal|date=15 October 2013|volume=185|issue=15|pages=1317–23|pmid=23939212|doi=10.1503/cmaj.121645|pmc=3796596}}</ref> Indwara ya Croup ni indwara ikunze kwibasira abana bagera kuri 15% mu gihe runaka.<ref name="PedN09" /> Akenshi bibaho hagati y'amezi 6 n'imyaka 5 ariko bishobora kugaragara gake cyane ku bana bafite imyaka cumi n'itanu.<ref name="Croup09" /><ref name="PedN09" /><ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Bikunze kugaragara gato ku bagabo kurusha [[Umugore|abagore]].<ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Bikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'umuhindo.<ref name="CMAJ2013" /> Mbere yo gukingirwa, indwara yo mu nda yakundaga guterwa na diphtheria kandi akenshi yahitanaga abantu.<ref name="Cherry08" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Steele|first=Volney|title=Bleed, blister, and purge : a history of medicine on the American frontier|url=https://archive.org/details/bleedblisterpurg0000stee|url-access=registration|date=2005|publisher=Mountain Press|location=Missoula, Mont.|isbn=978-0-87842-505-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/bleedblisterpurg0000stee/page/324 324]}}</ref> Iyi mpamvu ubu irakunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi bitewe n'uko urukingo rwa diphtheria rwagenze neza.<ref name="history">{{Cite book|last=Feigin, Ralph D.|title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|year=2004|page=252|isbn=978-0-7216-9329-3|oclc=|doi=|access-date=}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 2xj54d0jv8zgnso345daol5bhz362jm 0 23262 149319 145445 2026-11-07T20:19:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Low back pain|synonym=Lower back pain, lumbago|image=Lumbar region in human skeleton.svg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Area of the back affected.|pronounce=Lumbago {{IPAc-en|l|ʌ|m|ˈ|b|eɪ|ɡ|oʊ}}|field=[[Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedics]], [[rheumatology]], [[rehabilitation medicine]]|symptoms=|complications=|onset=20 to 40&nbsp;years of age<ref name=casazza_2012/>|duration=~65% get better in 6 weeks<ref name=menezes_2012/>|types=Acute (less than 6 weeks), sub-chronic (6 to 12 weeks), chronic (more than 12 weeks)<ref name=koes_2010/>|causes=Usually non-specific, occasionally significant underlying cause<ref name=casazza_2012/><ref name=NIH2015/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Medical imaging]] (if ''red flags'' )<ref name=manusov_2012_diag/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Continued normal activity, non-medication based treatments, NSAIDs<ref name=menezes_2012/><ref name=Qas2017/>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=~25% in any given month<ref name=hoy_2012/><ref name=vos_2012/>|deaths=|video1=|named after=}} '''Ububabare bwo mu mugongo wo hasi''' ( '''LBP''' ) ni indwara ikunze kugaragara ku mitsi, imitsi, n'amagufwa y'umugongo.<ref name="NIH2015">{{Cite web|title=Low Back Pain Fact Sheet|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/detail_backpain.htm|website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=5 March 2016|date=November 3, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051951/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/detail_backpain.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Ububabare bushobora gutandukana uhereye ku kubabara gukabije guhoraho kugeza ku kumva ubabaye mu buryo butunguranye.<ref name="NIH2015" /> Ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe igihe imara nk'ububabare bukabije (ububabare bumara munsi y'ibyumweru 6), ububabare budahoraho (ibyumweru 6 kugeza kuri 12), cyangwa ububabare budakira (ibyumweru birenga 12).<ref name="koes_2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Koes BW, van Tulder M, Lin CW, Macedo LG, McAuley J, Maher C|title=An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care|journal=European Spine Journal|volume=19|issue=12|pages=2075–94|date=December 2010|pmid=20602122|pmc=2997201|doi=10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe impamvu nyamukuru nk'ububabare buterwa n'imikorere, ububabare buterwa n'imikorere, cyangwa ububabare buterwa n'imvugo.<ref name="manusov_2012_diag">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Manusov EG|title=Evaluation and diagnosis of low back pain|journal=Primary Care|volume=39|issue=3|pages=471–9|date=September 2012|pmid=22958556|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.003}}</ref> Ibimenyetso akenshi biragenda neza mu byumweru bike uhereye igihe byatangiriye, aho abantu 40–90% baba bakize neza mu byumweru bitandatu.<ref name="menezes_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=((da C Menezes Costa L)), Maher CG, Hancock MJ, McAuley JH, Herbert RD, Costa LO|title=The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis|journal=CMAJ|volume=184|issue=11|pages=E613–24|date=August 2012|pmid=22586331|pmc=3414626|doi=10.1503/cmaj.111271}}</ref> Mu bihe byinshi, impamvu yihariye itera iyi ndwara ntabwo imenyekana cyangwa ngo ishakishwe, aho ububabare bukekwa ko buterwa n'ibibazo by'imikorere nk'imitsi cyangwa ingingo.<ref name="casazza_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Casazza BA|title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2012-02-15_85_4/page/343|journal=American Family Physician|volume=85|issue=4|pages=343–50|date=February 2012|pmid=22335313}}</ref><ref name="NIH2015" /> Niba ububabare budashira iyo umuntu avuwe mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa bugaherekezwa n' "ibimenyetso bitukura" nko kugabanya ibiro mu buryo budasobanutse, umuriro, cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye byo kumva cyangwa kugenda, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa isuzuma ryinyongera kugira ngo hamenyekane ikibazo gikomeye cy’ingenzi.<ref name="manusov_2012_diag" /> Kenshi na kenshi, ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho nka X-ray computed tomography ntabwo bifite akamaro kandi bifite ingaruka zabyo.<ref name="AHRQ_2013">{{Cite journal|title=Use of imaging studies for low back pain: percentage of members with a primary diagnosis of low back pain who did not have an imaging study (plain x-ray, MRI, CT scan) within 28 days of the diagnosis|url=http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/content.aspx?id=38884|year=2013|access-date=11 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235722/http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/content.aspx?id=38884|archive-date=4 October 2013|journal=&mdash;}}</ref><ref name="chou_2009_imaging">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chou R, Fu R, Carrino JA, Deyo RA|title=Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=373|issue=9662|pages=463–72|date=February 2009|pmid=19200918|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60172-0|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2440a8e973defedbfad9f489f357ce33ea408a5|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701104436/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Imaging-strategies-for-low-back-pain:-systematic-Chou-Fu/a2440a8e973defedbfad9f489f357ce33ea408a5|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gukoresha amashusho mu kuvura ububabare bwo hasi bwiyongereye.<ref name="deyo_2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Deyo RA, Mirza SK, Turner JA, Martin BI|title=Overtreating chronic back pain: time to back off?|journal=Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine|volume=22|issue=1|pages=62–8|year=2009|pmid=19124635|pmc=2729142|doi=10.3122/jabfm.2009.01.080102}}</ref> Ububabare bumwe na bumwe bw'umugongo wo hasi buterwa n'amadisiki yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima yangiritse, kandi ikizamini cyo kuzamura amaguru agororotse ni ingirakamaro mu kumenya impamvu.<ref name="manusov_2012_diag" /> Ku bafite ububabare budakira, uburyo bwo gutunganya ububabare bushobora gukora nabi, bigatera ububabare bwinshi bitewe n’ibintu bitari bikomeye.<ref name="salzberg_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Salzberg L|title=The physiology of low back pain|journal=Primary Care|volume=39|issue=3|pages=487–98|date=September 2012|pmid=22958558|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.014}}</ref> Kubanza gukoresha imiti idashingiye ku miti ni byiza.<ref name="Qas2017" /> Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe (NSAIDs) irasabwa niba idakora neza.<ref name="Qas2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA|title=Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=166|issue=7|pages=514–530|date=April 2017|pmid=28192789|doi=10.7326/M16-2367|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ibikorwa bisanzwe bigomba gukomeza uko ububabare bushoboka kandi imyitozo ngororamubiri ni ingirakamaro mu kubabara igihe kirekire.<ref name="menezes_2012" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kolber|first=MR|last2=Ton|first2=J|last3=Thomas|first3=B|last4=Kirkwood|first4=J|last5=Moe|first5=S|last6=Dugré|first6=N|last7=Chan|first7=K|last8=Lindblad|first8=AJ|last9=McCormack|first9=J|last10=Garrison|first10=S|last11=Allan|first11=GM|last12=Korownyk|first12=CS|last13=Craig|first13=R|last14=Sept|first14=L|last15=Rouble|first15=AN|title=PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials: Management of chronic low back pain in primary care.|journal=Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien|date=January 2021|volume=67|issue=1|pages=e20-e30|doi=10.46747/cfp.6701e20|pmid=33483410}}</ref> Imiti irasabwa mu gihe cyose ifasha.<ref name="miller_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Miller SM|title=Low back pain: pharmacologic management|journal=Primary Care|volume=39|issue=3|pages=499–510|date=September 2012|pmid=22958559|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.005}}</ref> Hari ubundi buryo butandukanye buhari ku bantu badakira neza bakoresheje uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvurwa. Opioide ishobora kuba ingirakamaro niba imiti yoroheje y'ububabare idahagije, ariko muri rusange ntabwo isabwa kubera ingaruka mbi.<ref name="NIH2015" /><ref name="miller_2012" /> Kubagwa bishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku bafite ububabare budakira buterwa n'amadisiki n'ubumuga cyangwa stenosis y'umugongo.<ref name="manusov_2012_surg" /><ref name="chou_2009_surgery">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD|title=Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_spine-us_2009-05-01_34_10/page/1094|journal=Spine|volume=34|issue=10|pages=1094–109|date=May 2009|pmid=19363455|doi=10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc}}</ref> Nta nyungu igaragara yabonetse ku zindi ndwara z’ububabare bw’umugongo wo hasi butari ubwazo.<ref name="manusov_2012_surg">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Manusov EG|title=Surgical treatment of low back pain|journal=Primary Care|volume=39|issue=3|pages=525–31|date=September 2012|pmid=22958562|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.010}}</ref> Ububabare bwo mu mugongo wo hasi bukunze kugira ingaruka ku byiyumvo, bishobora kongerwa n'inama cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana.<ref name="miller_2012" /><ref name="henschke_2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Henschke N, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW, Vlaeyen JW, Morley S, Assendelft WJ, Main CJ|title=Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=7|pages=CD002014|date=July 2010|pmid=20614428|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002014.pub3|pmc=7065591}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw’umwimerere, ariko nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari kugira ngo umuntu abwizeze neza.<ref name="marlowe_2012" /> Ibimenyetso by’ubuvuzi bwa chiropractic <ref name="walker_2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Walker BF, French SD, Grant W, Green S|title=A Cochrane review of combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_spine-us_2011-02-01_36_3/page/230|journal=Spine|volume=36|issue=3|pages=230–42|date=February 2011|pmid=21248591|doi=10.1097/BRS.0b013e318202ac73}}</ref> no gukora ubuvuzi bw’umugongo biravanze.<ref name="marlowe_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Marlowe D|title=Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for low back&nbsp;pain|journal=Primary Care|volume=39|issue=3|pages=533–46|date=September 2012|pmid=22958563|doi=10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.008}}</ref><ref name="dagenais_2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dagenais S, Gay RE, Tricco AC, Freeman MD, Mayer JM|title=NASS Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care: spinal manipulation therapy for acute low back pain|journal=The Spine Journal|volume=10|issue=10|pages=918–40|date=October 2010|pmid=20869008|doi=10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.389}}</ref><ref name="rubinstein_2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW|title=Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=2|pages=CD008112|date=February 2011|pmid=21328304|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2|editor-last=Rubinstein|editor-first=Sidney M}}</ref><ref name="rubinstein_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW|title=Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=9|issue=9|pages=CD008880|date=September 2012|pmid=22972127|pmc=6885055|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008880.pub2|url=https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/109576/1/109576.pdf|hdl=1871/48563|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701124325/https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/109576/109576.pdf;jsessionid=A8BA2C50D1249EDDB021CFC13789FF72?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Hafi 9–12% by'abantu (632)&nbsp;miliyoni) bafite LBP mu gihe runaka, kandi hafi 25% bavuga ko bayirwaye mu gihe runaka mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe.<ref name="hoy_2012" /><ref name="vos_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, etal|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96|date=December 2012|pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 40% bafite LBP mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo,<ref name="hoy_2012" /> aho biteganijwe ko bagera kuri 80% mu bantu bo mu bihugu byateye imbere.<ref name="malhotra_2011">{{Cite book|last=Vinod Malhotra|last2=Yao, Fun-Sun F.|last3=Fontes, Manuel da Costa|title=Yao and Artusio's Anesthesiology: Problem-Oriented Patient Management|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Hagerstwon, MD|year=2011|pages=Chapter 49|isbn=978-1-4511-0265-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qOhuwkoN15MC&pg=PT1390|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185118/https://books.google.com/books?id=qOhuwkoN15MC&pg=PT1390|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ingorane akenshi zitangira hagati y'imyaka 20 na 40.<ref name="casazza_2012" /> Abagabo n'abagore bagerwaho n'ingaruka zingana.<ref name="NIH2015" /> Ububabare bw'umugongo wo hasi bukunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 80, kandi umubare w'abantu barwaye wiyongera uko abaturage bagenda bakura.<ref name="hoy_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hoy D, Bain C, Williams G, March L, Brooks P, Blyth F, Woolf A, Vos T, Buchbinder R|display-authors=6|title=A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain|journal=Arthritis and Rheumatism|volume=64|issue=6|pages=2028–37|date=June 2012|pmid=22231424|doi=10.1002/art.34347}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 6umuxxcx77ij6vtgl01di4mk4ziehyn 0 23282 149400 145584 2026-11-07T21:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara y'impiswi | synonym = Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem | image = {{Photomontage |photo1a =Hand Foot Mouth Disease.png |photo2a =Hand foot and mouth disease on child feet.jpg |size =320 |spacing =3 |color =#FFFFFF |border =1 |color_border =}} | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = *{{align|left|Top: Spots around mouth}}<br> *{{align|left|Bottom: Spots on feet}} | pronounce = | field = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = [[Fever]], [[maculopapular rash|flat discolored spots or bumps]] that may blister<ref name=Zitelli2023/> | complications = [[Onychomadesis|Temporary loss of nails]], [[viral meningitis]]<ref name=CDC2015Comp/> | onset = 2–6 days post exposure<ref name=Zitelli2023/> | duration = 1 week<ref name=Zitelli2023/> | types = | causes = [[Coxsackievirus]] A16, [[Enterovirus 71]]<ref name=Repass2014/> | risks = | diagnosis = Based on symptoms, viral culture<ref name=CDC2015Diag/> | differential = | prevention = [[Hand washing|Handwashing]]<ref name=CDC2015Cau/> | treatment = [[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name="Harrison's"/> | medication = [[Analgesic|Pain medication]] such as [[ibuprofen]]<ref name=CDC2015Tx/> | prognosis = | frequency = As outbreaks<ref name=Kam2013/> | deaths = | named after = }} '''impiswi''' ni indwara ikunze kwandura iterwa n'itsinda rya virusi.<ref name="Zitelli2023" /> Ubusanzwe bitangirana n'umuriro no kumva utameze neza muri rusange.<ref name="Zitelli2023">{{Cite book|last=Michaels|first=Marian `G.|last2=Williams|first2=John V.|editor-last=Zitelli|editor-first=Basil J.|editor-last2=McIntire|editor-first2=Sara C.|editor-last3=Nowalk|editor-first3=Andrew J.|editor-last4=Garrison|editor-first4=Jessica|title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis|date=2023|publisher=Elsevier|edition=8th|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-77788-9|page=459|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA459|language=en|chapter=13. Infectious diseases|access-date=December 19, 2022|archive-date=December 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219161843/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA459|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibi bikurikirwa n'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y'aho habayeho utudomo cyangwa utubyimba dushobora kugaragara ku biganza, ku birenge no ku kanwa ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'amaguru, ku matako no mu nda.<ref name="Zitelli2023" /><ref name="Kam2013">{{Cite journal|last=Kaminska|first=K|last2=Martinetti|first2=G|last3=Lucchini|first3=R|last4=Kaya|first4=G|last5=Mainetti|first5=C|title=Coxsackievirus A6 and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Three Case Reports of Familial Child-to-Immunocompetent Adult Transmission and a Literature Review|journal=Case Reports in Dermatology|volume=5|issue=2|pages=203–209|year=2013|pmid=24019771|doi=10.1159/000354533|pmc=3764954}}</ref><ref name="Lancet2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ooi|first=MH|last2=Wong|first2=SC|last3=Lewthwaite|first3=P|last4=Cardosa|first4=MJ|last5=Solomon|first5=T|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71|journal=Lancet Neurology|volume=9|issue=11|pages=1097–1105|year=2010|pmid=20965438|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 2-6 umuntu yanduye iyi virusi.<ref name="Zitelli2023" /> Ubusanzwe ibibyimba bihita byisubiraho ubwabyo mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe.<ref name="Kumar2020">{{Cite book|last=Barlow|first=Gavin|last2=Irving|first2=William L.|last3=Moss|first3=Peter J.|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|page=519|edition=10th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA517|language=en|chapter=20. Infectious disease|access-date=December 10, 2022|archive-date=October 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013164951/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA517|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubura inzara n'ibinono by'urutoki bishobora kubaho nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, ariko bizasubira gukura uko igihe kigenda gihita.<ref name="CDC2015Comp">{{Cite web|title=Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Complications|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/complications.html|website=CDC|access-date=14 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511222120/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/complications.html|archive-date=May 11, 2016}}</ref> Virusi zandura binyuze mu gukoranaho n'umuntu ku giti cye, binyuze mu mwuka uturuka mu gukorora no mu mwanda w'umuntu wanduye.<ref name="CDC2015Cau">{{Cite web|title=Causes & Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/transmission.html|website=CDC|access-date=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514150205/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/transmission.html|archive-date=May 14, 2016}}</ref> Ibintu byanduye nabyo bishobora gukwirakwiza indwara.<ref name="CDC2015Cau" /> Virusi ya Coxsackie A16 ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane, naho virusi ya enterovirus 71 ikaba ari yo ikunze kugaragara cyane.<ref name="Morris2019">{{Cite book|last=Morris-Jones|first=Rachael|editor-last=Morris-Jones|editor-first=Rachael|title=ABC of Dermatology|date=2019|publisher=Wiley Blackwell|location=Hoboken|isbn=978-1-119-48899-6|page=120|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|language=en|chapter=14. Viral infections|access-date=June 9, 2022|archive-date=May 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516161949/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm2fDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Izindi ndwara za coxsackievirus na enterovirus na zo zishobora kuba ari zo zitera.<ref name="Repass2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF|title=Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome|journal=Cleve Clin J Med|volume=81|issue=9|pages=537–43|date=September 2014|pmid=25183845|url=http://www.ccjm.org/content/81/9/537.long|doi=10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132|doi-access=free|access-date=September 24, 2014|archive-date=August 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828100821/https://www.ccjm.org/content/81/9/537.long|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PLOS2012">{{Cite journal|last=Li|first=Y|last2=Zhu|first2=R|last3=Qian|first3=Y|last4=Deng|first4=J|title=The characteristics of blood glucose and WBC counts in peripheral blood of cases of hand foot and mouth disease in China: a systematic review|journal=PLOS One|volume=7|issue=1|pages=e29003|year=2012|pmid=22235257|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0029003|pmc=3250408|bibcode=2012PLoSO...729003L}}</ref> Hari abantu bashobora kwanduzanya virusi nubwo nta bimenyetso by'indwara bafite.<ref name="CDC2015Sym">{{Cite web|title=Hand Foot and Mouth Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/signs-symptoms.html|website=CDC|access-date=14 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516032600/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/signs-symptoms.html|archive-date=May 16, 2016}}</ref> Izindi nyamaswa ntizirimo.<ref name="CDC2015Cau" /> Gusuzuma indwara akenshi bishobora gukorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso.<ref name="CDC2015Diag" /> Rimwe na rimwe, ikizamini cyo mu muhogo cyangwa mu ntebe gishobora gupimwa virusi.<ref name="CDC2015Diag">{{Cite web|title=Diagnosis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/diagnosis.html|website=CDC|access-date=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514142722/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/diagnosis.html|archive-date=May 14, 2016}}</ref> Gukaraba intoki bishobora gukumira ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara, kandi abanduye ntibagomba kujya ku kazi, ku irerero cyangwa ku ishuri.<ref name="CDC2015Cau" /> Nta miti cyangwa urukingo birwanya virusi bihari, ariko hari ingamba zo guteza imbere iyi ndwara.<ref name="Pour2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pourianfar HR, Grollo L|title=Development of antiviral agents toward enterovirus 71 infection|journal=J Microbiol Immunol Infect|volume=48|issue=1|pages=1–8|date=February 2014|pmid=24560700|doi=10.1016/j.jmii.2013.11.011|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fang|first=Chih-Yeu|last2=Liu|first2=Chia-Chyi|date=2018|title=Recent development of enterovirus A vaccine candidates for the prevention of hand, foot, and mouth disease|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|volume=17|issue=9|pages=819–831|doi=10.1080/14760584.2018.1510326|issn=1744-8395|pmid=30095317}}</ref> Inshuro nyinshi nta buvuzi bwihariye busaba.<ref name="Harrison's">{{Cite book|last=Longo|first=Dan L.|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780071748872_2|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07174889-6|edition=18th}}</ref> Imiti yoroshye y'ububabare nka [[ibuprofen]] cyangwa gel yo kuvura indwara zo mu kanwa ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Rimwe na rimwe, abana badashobora kunywa bihagije bahabwa amazi yo mu mitsi.<ref name="CDC2015Tx">{{Cite web|title=Prevention & Treatment|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/prevention-treatment.html|website=CDC|access-date=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515044612/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Ni gake cyane, meningite cyangwa encephalitis ishobora gutuma indwara irushaho kuba mbi.<ref name="CDC2015Comp" /> HFMD ibaho mu bice byose by'isi.<ref name="CDC2015Epi" /> Ikunze kugaragara mu ndwara nto zifata abana bato mu mashuri y'incuke cyangwa mu mashuri y'incuke.<ref name="Kam2013" /> Icyorezo gikomeye cyatangiye kugaragara muri Aziya kuva mu 1997.<ref name="CDC2015Epi" /> Akenshi bibaho mu mezi y'impeshyi, icyi n'impeshyi.<ref name="CDC2015Epi">{{Cite web|title=Outbreaks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/outbreaks.html|website=CDC|access-date=15 May 2016|date=August 18, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517180547/http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/outbreaks.html|archive-date=May 17, 2016}}</ref> Ubusanzwe bibaho mu bana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu, ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubaho no mu bantu bakuru.<ref name="Kam2013" /><ref name="CDC2015Sym" /> HFMD ntigomba kwitiranywa n'indwara y'uburenge (izwi kandi nka indwara y'ibirenge), yibasira cyane amatungo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2007/070814c.htm|title=Foot and Mouth Disease update: further temporary control zone established in Surrey|publisher=[[DEFRA|Defra]]|date=2007-08-14|access-date=2007-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000836/http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2007/070814c.htm|archive-date=2007-09-27}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] d2oq4ie0jb8yvuqpm54kqhhhs2hdb8q 0 23292 149292 145559 2026-11-07T20:04:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder|synonym=Attention-deficit disorder, hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10)|image=Primary Laos2.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=An image of children|caption=People with ADHD may find it more difficult than others to focus on and complete tasks such as schoolwork.|pronounce=|field=[[Psychiatry]], [[pediatrics]]|symptoms=Difficulty paying [[attention]], excessive activity, [[impulsivity|difficulty controlling behavior]]<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/>|complications=|onset=Before age 6–12<ref name=CDC/>|duration=>6 months<ref name=CDC/>|types=|causes=Both [[Genetic disorder|genetic]] and [[environmental factors]]<ref name=nimh/><ref name=Koo2019/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms after other possible causes ruled out<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=Normally active young child, [[conduct disorder]], [[oppositional defiant disorder]], [[learning disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferri |first=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders |date=2010 |publisher=Elsevier/Mosby |isbn=978-0323076999 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=Chapter A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zubler, MD, FAAP |first1=Jennifer |last2=Weitzman, MD, FAAP |first2=Carol |last3=Sloane, DO |first3=Mark |last4=Singh, MPA |first4=Natasha |last5=Senturias, MD, FAAP |first5=Yasmin N. |last6=Kosofsky, MD, PhD |first6=Barry |last7=Kable, PhD |first7=Julie |last8=Fernandez-Baca, MA |first8=Daniel |last9=Dang, MPH |first9=Elizabeth |last10=Chasnoff, MD, FAAP |first10=Ira |last11=Bertrand PhD |first11=Jacquelyn |last12=Balachova PhD |first12=Tatiana |last13=Hagan Jr. MD, FAAP |first13=Joseph F. |title=Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |journal=Pediatrics |year=2016 |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=e20151553 |publisher=American Journal of Pediatrics |doi=10.1542/peds.2015-1553 |pmid=27677572 |pmc=5477054 |access-date=22 May 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320042016/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[psychotherapy|Counseling]], lifestyle changes, medications<ref name=NIH2016/>|medication=[[Stimulant|Stimulants]], [[atomoxetine]], [[guanfacine]], [[clonidine]]<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A |date=November 2017 |title=Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1283–1307 |doi=10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y |pmc=5656703 |pmid=28429134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jain R, Katic A |s2cid=3807877 |date=August 2016 |title=Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders |volume=18 |issue=4 |doi=10.4088/PCC.16r01979 |pmid=27828696}}</ref>|prognosis=|frequency=51.1 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=|video1=|named after=}}'''Indwara yo kudakora neza kw'ibitekerezo''' ('''ADHD''') ni [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|indwara yo mu mutwe]] yo mu bwoko bw'imikurire y'ubwonko.<ref name="pmid23299717">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sroubek A, Kelly M, Li X|date=February 2013|title=Inattentiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder|journal=Neuroscience Bulletin|volume=29|issue=1|pages=103–10|doi=10.1007/s12264-012-1295-6|pmc=4440572|pmid=23299717}}</ref><ref name="Caroline2010">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PaO3jsaGkeYC&pg=PA133|title=Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2010|isbn=9780387717982|veditors=Caroline SC|pages=133|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829104348/https://books.google.com/books?id=PaO3jsaGkeYC&pg=PA133&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Irangwa no kugorwa no kwita ku bintu, gukora ibintu byinshi cyane, no gukora utitaye ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imyaka y’umuntu.<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|date=March 2016|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723192735/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="DSM5">{{Cite book|last=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Arlington|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=59–65|edition=5th}}</ref> Bamwe mu bantu bafite ADHD nabo bagaragaza ingorane zo kugenzura amarangamutima cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye n'imikorere y'ubuyobozi.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH|date=February 2019|title=Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8917161f5885c81c9d4790f6ac76162fc07e0ad7|journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines|volume=60|issue=2|pages=133–150|doi=10.1111/jcpp.12899|pmid=29624671|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827233718/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Practitioner-Review%3A-Emotional-dysregulation-in-for-Faraone-Rostain/8917161f5885c81c9d4790f6ac76162fc07e0ad7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tenenbaum RB, Musser ED, Morris S, Ward AR, Raiker JS, Coles EK, Pelham WE|date=April 2019|title=Response Inhibition, Response Execution, and Emotion Regulation among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder|journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology|volume=47|issue=4|pages=589–603|doi=10.1007/s10802-018-0466-y|pmc=6377355|pmid=30112596}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lenzi F, Cortese S, Harris J, Masi G|date=January 2018|title=Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414373/1/MAIN_TEXT_R1_CLEANED_FINAL.doc|journal=Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews|volume=84|pages=359–367|doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.010|pmid=28837827|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726104959/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414373/1/MAIN_TEXT_R1_CLEANED_FINAL.doc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DSM5" /> Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ibimenyetso, ibimenyetso bigomba kugaragara mbere y'uko ageza ku myaka cumi n'ibiri, bikamara amezi arenga atandatu, kandi bigatera ibibazo nibura ahantu habiri (nk'ishuri, mu rugo, cyangwa mu myidagaduro).<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web|website=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)|title=Symptoms and Diagnosis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html|publisher=Division of Human Development, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=29 September 2014|access-date=3 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107202516/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html|archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lake2011">{{Cite book|last=Dulcan|first=Mina K.|last2=Lake|first2=MaryBeth|chapter=Axis I Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence: Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders|chapter-url={{google books|HvTa2nArhOsC|pages=23|plainurl=yes}}|title=Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|url={{google books|HvTa2nArhOsC|plainurl=yes}}|via=Google Books|edition=4th illustrated|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|isbn=978-1-58562-416-4|date=2011|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HvTa2nArhOsC&pg=PA34 34]}}</ref> Ku bana, ibibazo byo kwita ku bana bishobora gutuma badatsinda neza mu ishuri.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Byongeye kandi, hari isano iri hagati y’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe n’ikoreshwa nabi ry’ibiyobyabwenge.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Erskine HE, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, Chan GC, Copeland WE, Whiteford HA, Scott JG|title=Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A&nbsp;Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=55|issue=10|pages=841–50|date=October 2016|pmid=27663939|doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016}}</ref> Nubwo bitera ubumuga, cyane cyane muri sosiyete ya none, abantu benshi bafite ADHD bashobora gukomeza kwita ku mirimo babona ko ishimishije cyangwa ifite akamaro (izwi nka hyperfocus).<ref name="Koo2019">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kooij JJ, Bijlenga D, Salerno L, Jaeschke R, Bitter I, Balázs J, etal|title=Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD|journal=European Psychiatry|volume=56|pages=14–34|date=February 2019|pmid=30453134|doi=10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Wal2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Walitza S, Drechsler R, Ball J|title=[The school child with ADHD]|language=DE|journal=Therapeutische Umschau|volume=69|issue=8|pages=467–73|date=August 2012|pmid=22851461|doi=10.1024/0040-5930/a000316|trans-title=The school child with ADHD|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/74507/1/Schulkind_mit_ADHS_Final_Manuskript.pdf|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726110423/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/74507/1/Schulkind_mit_ADHS_Final_Manuskript.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo ari indwara yo mu mutwe ikunze kwigwaho cyane mu bana n'ingimbi n'abangavu, impamvu nyayo ntabwo izwi mu bihe byinshi.<ref name="nimh">{{Cite web|last=NIMH|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Easy-to-Read)|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|year=2013|access-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414031036/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> Ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri (genetic factors) bivugwa ko bigize hafi 75% by’ibyago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Demontis|first=Ditte|title=Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=51|issue=1|pages=63–75|doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0269-7|pmid=30478444|pmc=6481311|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0269-7.epdf?no_publisher_access=1&r3_referer=nature|access-date=27 August 2019|quote=Consensus estimates from more than 30 twin studies indicate that the heritability of ADHD is 70–80% throughout the lifespan and that environmental risks are those not shared by siblings. Twin studies also suggest that diagnosed ADHD represents the extreme tail of one or more heritable quantitative traits.|hdl=10138/309285|year=2019|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726105532/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0269-7.epdf?no_publisher_access=1&r3_referer=nature|url-status=live}}</ref> Kwibasirwa na nikotine mu gihe utwite bishobora guteza akaga ku bidukikije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tiesler|first=Carla M. T.|last2=Heinrich|first2=Joachim|title=Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems|journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|date=21 September 2014|volume=23|issue=10|pages=913–929|doi=10.1007/s00787-014-0615-y|pmid=25241028|pmc=4186967}}</ref> Bisa nkaho bitajyanye n'uburyo bwo kurera cyangwa guhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Does Bad Parenting Cause ADHD?|url=https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/parenting-role-in-adhd#1|website=WebMD|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726113614/https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/parenting-role-in-adhd#1|url-status=live}}</ref> Igira ingaruka ku bana bagera kuri 5–7% iyo bapimwe hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya DSM-IV <ref name="DSM5" /><ref name="pmid22976615">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Willcutt EG|title=The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review|journal=Neurotherapeutics|volume=9|issue=3|pages=490–9|date=July 2012|pmid=22976615|pmc=3441936|doi=10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8}}</ref> na 1–2% iyo bapimwe hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya ICD-10.<ref name="Cowen2012">{{Cite book|last=Cowen|first=Philip|last2=Harrison|first2=Paul|last3=Burns|first3=Tom|chapter=Drugs and other physical treatments|chapter-url={{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|pages=507|plainurl=yes}}|title=Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry|year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-960561-3|pages=[{{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|pages=546|plainurl=yes}} 546]|edition=6th|url={{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|plainurl=yes}}|via=Google Books}}</ref> Kugeza mu 2015, byagaragaye ko byagize ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 51.1 ku isi yose.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Igipimo kirasa hagati y’ibihugu kandi ahanini giterwa n’uburyo cyasuzumwe.<ref name="Jones2011">{{Cite book|veditors=Tsuang MT, Tohen M, Jones P|title=Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470977408|chapter=Ch. 25: Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|vauthors=Faraone SV|pages=450|edition=3rd|year=2011|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOc4pdXe43EC&pg=PA450|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222193454/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOc4pdXe43EC&pg=PA450|url-status=live}}</ref> ADHD ikunze kugaragara ku bahungu inshuro ebyiri kurusha ku bakobwa,<ref name="DSM5" /> nubwo akenshi iyo ndwara ifatwa nk'aho idakunze kwirengagizwa ku bakobwa kuko ibimenyetso byayo bitandukanye n'iby'abahungu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crawford|first=Nicole|date=February 2003|title=ADHD: a women's issue|journal=Monitor on Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|pages=28|url=http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb03/adhd.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409110923/http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb03/adhd.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="pmid19393378">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H|title=[Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]|language=FR|journal=L'Encephale|volume=35|issue=2|pages=107–14|date=April 2009|pmid=19393378|doi=10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005|trans-title=Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)}}</ref><ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Singh I|s2cid=205504587|title=Beyond polemics: science and ethics of ADHD|journal=Nature Reviews. Neuroscience|volume=9|issue=12|pages=957–64|date=December 2008|pmid=19020513|doi=10.1038/nrn2514}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 30–50% basanzwe barwaye indwara mu bwana bakomeza kugira ibimenyetso kugeza bakuze, naho hagati ya 2–5% by'abantu bakuru bakagira iyo ndwara.<ref name="Kooij-2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kooij SJ, Bejerot S, Blackwell A, Caci H, Casas-Brugué M, Carpentier PJ, Edvinsson D, Fayyad J, Foeken K, Fitzgerald M, Gaillac V, Ginsberg Y, Henry C, Krause J, Lensing MB, Manor I, Niederhofer H, Nunes-Filipe C, Ohlmeier MD, Oswald P, Pallanti S, Pehlivanidis A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rastam M, Ryffel-Rawak D, Stes S, Asherson P|title=European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=10|issue=|pages=67|date=September 2010|pmid=20815868|pmc=2942810|doi=10.1186/1471-244X-10-67}}</ref><ref name="Balint2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bálint S, Czobor P, Mészáros A, Simon V, Bitter I|title=[Neuropsychological impairments in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a literature review]|language=Hungarian|journal=Psychiatria Hungarica|volume=23|issue=5|pages=324–35|year=2008|pmid=19129549|trans-title=Neuropsychological impairments in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A literature review}}</ref><ref name="underdiagnosed">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP|title=Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature|journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders|volume=16|issue=3|year=2014|pmid=25317367|pmc=4195639|doi=10.4088/PCC.13r01600|quote=Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5%–5% of adults in the general population,^5–8 compared with 5%–7% of children.^9,10&nbsp;... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.^7,15,16}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, umuntu ashobora kubura umutuzo mu mutima aho kugira umuvuduko mwinshi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people, and adults|date=2009|publisher=British Psychological Society|others=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Great Britain), British Psychological Society., Royal College of Psychiatrists.|isbn=9781854334718|location=Leicester|oclc=244314955|pmid=22420012|page=17|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK)}}</ref> Akenshi bakuramo ubuhanga bwo guhangana n'ibibazo, ibyo bikaba bibafasha mu bibazo bimwe cyangwa byose bafite.<ref name="Art.218">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gentile JP, Atiq R, Gillig PM|title=Adult ADHD: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Medication Management|journal=Psychiatry|volume=3|issue=8|pages=25–30|date=August 2006|pmid=20963192|pmc=2957278|quote=likelihood that the adult with ADHD has developed coping mechanisms to compensate for his or her impairment}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ishobora kugorana kuyitandukanya n'izindi ndwara, ndetse no kuyitandukanya n'ibikorwa byinshi bikiri mu rugero rw'imyitwarire isanzwe.<ref name="Lake2011" /> Inama ku bijyanye no gucunga ADHD ziratandukanye bitewe n'ibihugu kandi akenshi zikubiyemo uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kubagira inama, guhindura imibereho, n'imiti.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Amabwiriza y’Ubwongereza atanga inama gusa ku miti nk’uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura abana bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye, kandi ko imiti igomba kwitabwaho ku bafite ibimenyetso biri hagati banze cyangwa bananirwa kunoza iyo bahawe inama, nubwo ku bantu bakuru imiti ari uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura.<ref name="NICE2009-PharmRec">{{Cite book|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health|series=NICE Clinical Guidelines|volume=72|publisher=British Psychological Society|location=Leicester|isbn=978-1-85433-471-8|date=2009|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|chapter=Pharmacological Treatment|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53654/|pages=[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53654/#ch10.s92 303–307]|via=NCBI Bookshelf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133612/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|archive-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> Amabwiriza ya Kanada na Amerika atanga inama ku bijyanye no gucunga imyitwarire ku bana bari mu kigero cy'incuke mu gihe imiti n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire hamwe nabyo bigirwa inama nyuma y'ibyo.<ref name="CADDRA">{{Cite web|title=Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines|url=http://www.caddra.ca/cms4/pdfs/caddraGuidelines2011Introduction.pdf|website=Canadian ADHD Alliance|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121222344/https://www.caddra.ca/cms4/pdfs/caddraGuidelines2011Introduction.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDC guideline">{{Cite web|title=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recommendations|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/guidelines.html|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=13 July 2015|date=24 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707181535/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/guidelines.html|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="APP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Wolraich|first=ML|last2=Hagan JF|first2=Jr|last3=Allan|first3=C|last4=Chan|first4=E|last5=Davison|first5=D|last6=Earls|first6=M|last7=Evans|first7=SW|last8=Flinn|first8=SK|last9=Froehlich|first9=T|last10=Frost|first10=J|last11=Holbrook|first11=JR|last12=Lehmann|first12=CU|last13=Lessin|first13=HR|last14=Okechukwu|first14=K|last15=Pierce|first15=KL|title=Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.|journal=Pediatrics|date=October 2019|volume=144|issue=4|pages=e20192528|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-2528|pmid=31570648|pmc=7067282}}</ref> Kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti itera imbaraga bigira akamaro nibura ku myaka 14&nbsp;amezi; icyakora, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ntizisobanutse neza kandi hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho.<ref name="StorebøPedersen2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Storebø OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira-Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, Skoog M, Rosendal S, Groth C, Gillies D, Buch Rasmussen K, Gauci D, Zwi M, Kirubakaran R, Håkonsen SJ, Aagaard L, Simonsen E, Gluud C|date=May 2018|title=Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=5|pages=CD012069|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2|pmc=6494554|pmid=29744873}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » The Multimodal Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Study (MTA):Questions and Answers|website=NIMH » Home|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-research/practical/mta/the-multimodal-treatment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-study-mta-questions-and-answers.shtml|access-date=2019-01-01|quote=Why were the MTA medication treatments more effective than community treatments that also usually included medication? Answer: There were substantial differences in quality and intensity between the study-provided medication treatments and those provided in the community care group.|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130184640/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-research/practical/mta/the-multimodal-treatment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-study-mta-questions-and-answers.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NICE 2009">{{Cite book|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health|series=NICE Clinical Guidelines|volume=72|publisher=British Psychological Society|location=Leicester|isbn=978-1-85433-471-8|date=2009|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|via=NCBI Bookshelf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133612/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|archive-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Long-Term Outcomes Medications">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Huang YS, Tsai MH|s2cid=3449435|title=Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge|journal=CNS Drugs|volume=25|issue=7|pages=539–54|date=July 2011|pmid=21699268|doi=10.2165/11589380-000000000-00000}}</ref><ref name="Long-term 2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Arnold LE, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Kahle J, Young S|title=Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=2|pages=e0116407|date=February 2015|pmid=25714373|pmc=4340791|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0116407|display-authors=4|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1016407A}}</ref><ref name="Long-term 36">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Parker J, Wales G, Chalhoub N, Harpin V|title=The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials|journal=Psychology Research and Behavior Management|volume=6|issue=|pages=87–99|date=September 2013|pmid=24082796|pmc=3785407|doi=10.2147/PRBM.S49114|quote=Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period.&nbsp;... Only one paper examining outcomes beyond 36 months met the review criteria.&nbsp;... There is high level evidence suggesting that pharmacological treatment can have a major beneficial effect on the core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity) in approximately 80% of cases compared with placebo controls, in the short term.22}}</ref><ref name="CNS09">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wigal SB|s2cid=11340058|year=2009|title=Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults|journal=CNS Drugs|volume=23 Suppl 1|pages=21–31|doi=10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004|pmid=19621975}}</ref> Ibitabo by'ubuvuzi byagaragaje ibimenyetso bisa n'ibya ADHD kuva mu kinyejana cya 18.<ref name="Lange Reichl 2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O|title=The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|journal=Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders|volume=2|issue=4|pages=241–55|date=December 2010|pmid=21258430|pmc=3000907|doi=10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8|doi-access=free}}</ref> ADHD, uburyo ipimwa, n'uburyo ivurwa byafashwe nk'ibitavugwaho rumwe kuva mu myaka ya 1970.<ref name="Parrillo 2008 63">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Social Problems|vauthors=Parrillo VN|year=2008|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781412941655|pages=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC|access-date=2 May 2009|archive-date=4 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104002705/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibiganiro byagiye bireba abaganga, abarimu, abashyiraho amategeko, ababyeyi, n'itangazamakuru. Ingingo zirimo impamvu za ADHD n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti itera imbaraga mu kuvura.<ref name="May2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater J|s2cid=18481191|title=ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children|journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry|volume=16|issue=3|pages=151–66|date=2008|pmid=18569037|doi=10.1080/10673220802167782}}</ref> Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi benshi bemera ko ADHD ari indwara nyayo mu bana no mu bantu bakuru, kandi impaka mu muryango w’abahanga zishingiye ahanini ku buryo ipimwa n’uburyo ivurwa.<ref name="Sim">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sim MG, Hulse G, Khong E|title=When the child with ADHD grows up|journal=Australian Family Physician|volume=33|issue=8|pages=615–8|date=August 2004|pmid=15373378|url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200408/20040803sim.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083931/http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200408/20040803sim.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Online">{{Cite book|vauthors=Silver LB|title=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|edition=3rd|year=2004|isbn=978-1-58562-131-6|pages=4–7}}</ref><ref name="Schonwald">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schonwald A, Lechner E|title=Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complexities and controversies|journal=Current Opinion in Pediatrics|volume=18|issue=2|pages=189–95|date=April 2006|pmid=16601502|doi=10.1097/01.mop.0000193302.70882.70}}</ref> Iyi ndwara izwi nka '''ADD''' kuva mu 1980 kugeza mu 1987, mu '''gihe''' mbere yaho izwi nka '''hyperkinetic reaction of childhood'''.<ref name="We2005">{{Cite book|last=Weiss|first=Lawrence G.|title=WISC-IV clinical use and interpretation scientist-practitioner perspectives|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-12-564931-5|pages=237|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eg9U9e_ICr8C&pg=PA237|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116095548/https://books.google.com/books?id=Eg9U9e_ICr8C&pg=PA237|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ADHD: The Diagnostic Criteria|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/adhd/diagnostic.html|access-date=5 March 2016|agency=Frontline|publisher=PBS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420080026/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/adhd/diagnostic.html|archive-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] jatvy45w3hjot6jcyb2n7ljkeh5aanj 149399 149292 2026-11-07T21:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder|synonym=Attention-deficit disorder, hyperkinetic disorder (ICD-10)|image=Primary Laos2.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=An image of children|caption=People with ADHD may find it more difficult than others to focus on and complete tasks such as schoolwork.|pronounce=|field=[[Psychiatry]], [[pediatrics]]|symptoms=Difficulty paying [[attention]], excessive activity, [[impulsivity|difficulty controlling behavior]]<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/>|complications=|onset=Before age 6–12<ref name=CDC/>|duration=>6 months<ref name=CDC/>|types=|causes=Both [[Genetic disorder|genetic]] and [[environmental factors]]<ref name=nimh/><ref name=Koo2019/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms after other possible causes ruled out<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=Normally active young child, [[conduct disorder]], [[oppositional defiant disorder]], [[learning disorder]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ferri |first=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders |url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr |date=2010 |publisher=Elsevier/Mosby |isbn=978-0323076999 |edition=2nd |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=Chapter A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zubler, MD, FAAP |first1=Jennifer |last2=Weitzman, MD, FAAP |first2=Carol |last3=Sloane, DO |first3=Mark |last4=Singh, MPA |first4=Natasha |last5=Senturias, MD, FAAP |first5=Yasmin N. |last6=Kosofsky, MD, PhD |first6=Barry |last7=Kable, PhD |first7=Julie |last8=Fernandez-Baca, MA |first8=Daniel |last9=Dang, MPH |first9=Elizabeth |last10=Chasnoff, MD, FAAP |first10=Ira |last11=Bertrand PhD |first11=Jacquelyn |last12=Balachova PhD |first12=Tatiana |last13=Hagan Jr. MD, FAAP |first13=Joseph F. |title=Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |journal=Pediatrics |year=2016 |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=e20151553 |publisher=American Journal of Pediatrics |doi=10.1542/peds.2015-1553 |pmid=27677572 |pmc=5477054 |access-date=22 May 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320042016/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/138/4/e20151553.full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[psychotherapy|Counseling]], lifestyle changes, medications<ref name=NIH2016/>|medication=[[Stimulant|Stimulants]], [[atomoxetine]], [[guanfacine]], [[clonidine]]<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coghill DR, Banaschewski T, Soutullo C, Cottingham MG, Zuddas A |date=November 2017 |title=Systematic review of quality of life and functional outcomes in randomized placebo-controlled studies of medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1283–1307 |doi=10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y |pmc=5656703 |pmid=28429134}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jain R, Katic A |s2cid=3807877 |date=August 2016 |title=Current and Investigational Medication Delivery Systems for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder |journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders |volume=18 |issue=4 |doi=10.4088/PCC.16r01979 |pmid=27828696}}</ref>|prognosis=|frequency=51.1 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=|video1=|named after=}}'''Indwara yo kudakora neza kw'ibitekerezo''' ('''ADHD''') ni [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|indwara yo mu mutwe]] yo mu bwoko bw'imikurire y'ubwonko.<ref name="pmid23299717">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sroubek A, Kelly M, Li X|date=February 2013|title=Inattentiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder|journal=Neuroscience Bulletin|volume=29|issue=1|pages=103–10|doi=10.1007/s12264-012-1295-6|pmc=4440572|pmid=23299717}}</ref><ref name="Caroline2010">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PaO3jsaGkeYC&pg=PA133|title=Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2010|isbn=9780387717982|veditors=Caroline SC|pages=133|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829104348/https://books.google.com/books?id=PaO3jsaGkeYC&pg=PA133&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Irangwa no kugorwa no kwita ku bintu, gukora ibintu byinshi cyane, no gukora utitaye ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imyaka y’umuntu.<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|date=March 2016|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723192735/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml|archive-date=23 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="DSM5">{{Cite book|last=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|location=Arlington|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|pages=59–65|edition=5th}}</ref> Bamwe mu bantu bafite ADHD nabo bagaragaza ingorane zo kugenzura amarangamutima cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye n'imikorere y'ubuyobozi.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH|date=February 2019|title=Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8917161f5885c81c9d4790f6ac76162fc07e0ad7|journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines|volume=60|issue=2|pages=133–150|doi=10.1111/jcpp.12899|pmid=29624671|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827233718/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Practitioner-Review%3A-Emotional-dysregulation-in-for-Faraone-Rostain/8917161f5885c81c9d4790f6ac76162fc07e0ad7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tenenbaum RB, Musser ED, Morris S, Ward AR, Raiker JS, Coles EK, Pelham WE|date=April 2019|title=Response Inhibition, Response Execution, and Emotion Regulation among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder|journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology|volume=47|issue=4|pages=589–603|doi=10.1007/s10802-018-0466-y|pmc=6377355|pmid=30112596}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lenzi F, Cortese S, Harris J, Masi G|date=January 2018|title=Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414373/1/MAIN_TEXT_R1_CLEANED_FINAL.doc|journal=Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews|volume=84|pages=359–367|doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.010|pmid=28837827|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726104959/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414373/1/MAIN_TEXT_R1_CLEANED_FINAL.doc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DSM5" /> Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ibimenyetso, ibimenyetso bigomba kugaragara mbere y'uko ageza ku myaka cumi n'ibiri, bikamara amezi arenga atandatu, kandi bigatera ibibazo nibura ahantu habiri (nk'ishuri, mu rugo, cyangwa mu myidagaduro).<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web|website=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)|title=Symptoms and Diagnosis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html|publisher=Division of Human Development, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=29 September 2014|access-date=3 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107202516/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html|archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Lake2011">{{Cite book|last=Dulcan|first=Mina K.|last2=Lake|first2=MaryBeth|chapter=Axis I Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence: Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders|chapter-url={{google books|HvTa2nArhOsC|pages=23|plainurl=yes}}|title=Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|url={{google books|HvTa2nArhOsC|plainurl=yes}}|via=Google Books|edition=4th illustrated|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|isbn=978-1-58562-416-4|date=2011|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HvTa2nArhOsC&pg=PA34 34]}}</ref> Ku bana, ibibazo byo kwita ku bana bishobora gutuma badatsinda neza mu ishuri.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Byongeye kandi, hari isano iri hagati y’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe n’ikoreshwa nabi ry’ibiyobyabwenge.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Erskine HE, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, Chan GC, Copeland WE, Whiteford HA, Scott JG|title=Long-Term Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A&nbsp;Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=55|issue=10|pages=841–50|date=October 2016|pmid=27663939|doi=10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.016}}</ref> Nubwo bitera ubumuga, cyane cyane muri sosiyete ya none, abantu benshi bafite ADHD bashobora gukomeza kwita ku mirimo babona ko ishimishije cyangwa ifite akamaro (izwi nka hyperfocus).<ref name="Koo2019">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kooij JJ, Bijlenga D, Salerno L, Jaeschke R, Bitter I, Balázs J, etal|title=Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD|journal=European Psychiatry|volume=56|pages=14–34|date=February 2019|pmid=30453134|doi=10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Wal2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Walitza S, Drechsler R, Ball J|title=[The school child with ADHD]|language=DE|journal=Therapeutische Umschau|volume=69|issue=8|pages=467–73|date=August 2012|pmid=22851461|doi=10.1024/0040-5930/a000316|trans-title=The school child with ADHD|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/74507/1/Schulkind_mit_ADHS_Final_Manuskript.pdf|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726110423/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/74507/1/Schulkind_mit_ADHS_Final_Manuskript.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo ari indwara yo mu mutwe ikunze kwigwaho cyane mu bana n'ingimbi n'abangavu, impamvu nyayo ntabwo izwi mu bihe byinshi.<ref name="nimh">{{Cite web|last=NIMH|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Easy-to-Read)|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|publisher=National Institute of Mental Health|year=2013|access-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414031036/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-easy-to-read/index.shtml|archive-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> Ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri (genetic factors) bivugwa ko bigize hafi 75% by’ibyago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Demontis|first=Ditte|title=Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=51|issue=1|pages=63–75|doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0269-7|pmid=30478444|pmc=6481311|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0269-7.epdf?no_publisher_access=1&r3_referer=nature|access-date=27 August 2019|quote=Consensus estimates from more than 30 twin studies indicate that the heritability of ADHD is 70–80% throughout the lifespan and that environmental risks are those not shared by siblings. Twin studies also suggest that diagnosed ADHD represents the extreme tail of one or more heritable quantitative traits.|hdl=10138/309285|year=2019|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726105532/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0269-7.epdf?no_publisher_access=1&r3_referer=nature|url-status=live}}</ref> Kwibasirwa na nikotine mu gihe utwite bishobora guteza akaga ku bidukikije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tiesler|first=Carla M. T.|last2=Heinrich|first2=Joachim|title=Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems|journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|date=21 September 2014|volume=23|issue=10|pages=913–929|doi=10.1007/s00787-014-0615-y|pmid=25241028|pmc=4186967}}</ref> Bisa nkaho bitajyanye n'uburyo bwo kurera cyangwa guhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Does Bad Parenting Cause ADHD?|url=https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/parenting-role-in-adhd#1|website=WebMD|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726113614/https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/parenting-role-in-adhd#1|url-status=live}}</ref> Igira ingaruka ku bana bagera kuri 5–7% iyo bapimwe hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya DSM-IV <ref name="DSM5" /><ref name="pmid22976615">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Willcutt EG|title=The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review|journal=Neurotherapeutics|volume=9|issue=3|pages=490–9|date=July 2012|pmid=22976615|pmc=3441936|doi=10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8}}</ref> na 1–2% iyo bapimwe hakoreshejwe ibipimo bya ICD-10.<ref name="Cowen2012">{{Cite book|last=Cowen|first=Philip|last2=Harrison|first2=Paul|last3=Burns|first3=Tom|chapter=Drugs and other physical treatments|chapter-url={{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|pages=507|plainurl=yes}}|title=Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry|year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-960561-3|pages=[{{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|pages=546|plainurl=yes}} 546]|edition=6th|url={{google books|O3sSd-OAdP0C|plainurl=yes}}|via=Google Books}}</ref> Kugeza mu 2015, byagaragaye ko byagize ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 51.1 ku isi yose.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Igipimo kirasa hagati y’ibihugu kandi ahanini giterwa n’uburyo cyasuzumwe.<ref name="Jones2011">{{Cite book|veditors=Tsuang MT, Tohen M, Jones P|title=Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470977408|chapter=Ch. 25: Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder|vauthors=Faraone SV|pages=450|edition=3rd|year=2011|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOc4pdXe43EC&pg=PA450|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222193454/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOc4pdXe43EC&pg=PA450|url-status=live}}</ref> ADHD ikunze kugaragara ku bahungu inshuro ebyiri kurusha ku bakobwa,<ref name="DSM5" /> nubwo akenshi iyo ndwara ifatwa nk'aho idakunze kwirengagizwa ku bakobwa kuko ibimenyetso byayo bitandukanye n'iby'abahungu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Crawford|first=Nicole|date=February 2003|title=ADHD: a women's issue|journal=Monitor on Psychology|volume=34|issue=2|pages=28|url=http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb03/adhd.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409110923/http://www.apa.org/monitor/feb03/adhd.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="pmid19393378">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Emond V, Joyal C, Poissant H|title=[Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]|language=FR|journal=L'Encephale|volume=35|issue=2|pages=107–14|date=April 2009|pmid=19393378|doi=10.1016/j.encep.2008.01.005|trans-title=Structural and functional neuroanatomy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)}}</ref><ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Singh I|s2cid=205504587|title=Beyond polemics: science and ethics of ADHD|journal=Nature Reviews. Neuroscience|volume=9|issue=12|pages=957–64|date=December 2008|pmid=19020513|doi=10.1038/nrn2514}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 30–50% basanzwe barwaye indwara mu bwana bakomeza kugira ibimenyetso kugeza bakuze, naho hagati ya 2–5% by'abantu bakuru bakagira iyo ndwara.<ref name="Kooij-2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kooij SJ, Bejerot S, Blackwell A, Caci H, Casas-Brugué M, Carpentier PJ, Edvinsson D, Fayyad J, Foeken K, Fitzgerald M, Gaillac V, Ginsberg Y, Henry C, Krause J, Lensing MB, Manor I, Niederhofer H, Nunes-Filipe C, Ohlmeier MD, Oswald P, Pallanti S, Pehlivanidis A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rastam M, Ryffel-Rawak D, Stes S, Asherson P|title=European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD|journal=BMC Psychiatry|volume=10|issue=|pages=67|date=September 2010|pmid=20815868|pmc=2942810|doi=10.1186/1471-244X-10-67}}</ref><ref name="Balint2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bálint S, Czobor P, Mészáros A, Simon V, Bitter I|title=[Neuropsychological impairments in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a literature review]|language=Hungarian|journal=Psychiatria Hungarica|volume=23|issue=5|pages=324–35|year=2008|pmid=19129549|trans-title=Neuropsychological impairments in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A literature review}}</ref><ref name="underdiagnosed">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ginsberg Y, Quintero J, Anand E, Casillas M, Upadhyaya HP|title=Underdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients: a review of the literature|journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders|volume=16|issue=3|year=2014|pmid=25317367|pmc=4195639|doi=10.4088/PCC.13r01600|quote=Reports indicate that ADHD affects 2.5%–5% of adults in the general population,^5–8 compared with 5%–7% of children.^9,10&nbsp;... However, fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and/or treated by psychiatrists.^7,15,16}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, umuntu ashobora kubura umutuzo mu mutima aho kugira umuvuduko mwinshi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people, and adults|url=https://archive.org/details/attentiondeficit0000unse_l2x5|date=2009|publisher=British Psychological Society|others=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Great Britain), British Psychological Society., Royal College of Psychiatrists.|isbn=9781854334718|location=Leicester|oclc=244314955|pmid=22420012|page=[https://archive.org/details/attentiondeficit0000unse_l2x5/page/17 17]|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK)}}</ref> Akenshi bakuramo ubuhanga bwo guhangana n'ibibazo, ibyo bikaba bibafasha mu bibazo bimwe cyangwa byose bafite.<ref name="Art.218">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gentile JP, Atiq R, Gillig PM|title=Adult ADHD: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Medication Management|journal=Psychiatry|volume=3|issue=8|pages=25–30|date=August 2006|pmid=20963192|pmc=2957278|quote=likelihood that the adult with ADHD has developed coping mechanisms to compensate for his or her impairment}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ishobora kugorana kuyitandukanya n'izindi ndwara, ndetse no kuyitandukanya n'ibikorwa byinshi bikiri mu rugero rw'imyitwarire isanzwe.<ref name="Lake2011" /> Inama ku bijyanye no gucunga ADHD ziratandukanye bitewe n'ibihugu kandi akenshi zikubiyemo uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kubagira inama, guhindura imibereho, n'imiti.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Amabwiriza y’Ubwongereza atanga inama gusa ku miti nk’uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura abana bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye, kandi ko imiti igomba kwitabwaho ku bafite ibimenyetso biri hagati banze cyangwa bananirwa kunoza iyo bahawe inama, nubwo ku bantu bakuru imiti ari uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura.<ref name="NICE2009-PharmRec">{{Cite book|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health|series=NICE Clinical Guidelines|volume=72|publisher=British Psychological Society|location=Leicester|isbn=978-1-85433-471-8|date=2009|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|chapter=Pharmacological Treatment|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53654/|pages=[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53654/#ch10.s92 303–307]|via=NCBI Bookshelf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133612/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|archive-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> Amabwiriza ya Kanada na Amerika atanga inama ku bijyanye no gucunga imyitwarire ku bana bari mu kigero cy'incuke mu gihe imiti n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire hamwe nabyo bigirwa inama nyuma y'ibyo.<ref name="CADDRA">{{Cite web|title=Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines|url=http://www.caddra.ca/cms4/pdfs/caddraGuidelines2011Introduction.pdf|website=Canadian ADHD Alliance|access-date=4 February 2011|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121222344/https://www.caddra.ca/cms4/pdfs/caddraGuidelines2011Introduction.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDC guideline">{{Cite web|title=Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Recommendations|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/guidelines.html|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=13 July 2015|date=24 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707181535/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/guidelines.html|archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="APP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Wolraich|first=ML|last2=Hagan JF|first2=Jr|last3=Allan|first3=C|last4=Chan|first4=E|last5=Davison|first5=D|last6=Earls|first6=M|last7=Evans|first7=SW|last8=Flinn|first8=SK|last9=Froehlich|first9=T|last10=Frost|first10=J|last11=Holbrook|first11=JR|last12=Lehmann|first12=CU|last13=Lessin|first13=HR|last14=Okechukwu|first14=K|last15=Pierce|first15=KL|title=Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.|journal=Pediatrics|date=October 2019|volume=144|issue=4|pages=e20192528|doi=10.1542/peds.2019-2528|pmid=31570648|pmc=7067282}}</ref> Kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti itera imbaraga bigira akamaro nibura ku myaka 14&nbsp;amezi; icyakora, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ntizisobanutse neza kandi hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho.<ref name="StorebøPedersen2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Storebø OJ, Pedersen N, Ramstad E, Kielsholm ML, Nielsen SS, Krogh HB, Moreira-Maia CR, Magnusson FL, Holmskov M, Gerner T, Skoog M, Rosendal S, Groth C, Gillies D, Buch Rasmussen K, Gauci D, Zwi M, Kirubakaran R, Håkonsen SJ, Aagaard L, Simonsen E, Gluud C|date=May 2018|title=Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=5|pages=CD012069|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD012069.pub2|pmc=6494554|pmid=29744873}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » The Multimodal Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Study (MTA):Questions and Answers|website=NIMH » Home|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-research/practical/mta/the-multimodal-treatment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-study-mta-questions-and-answers.shtml|access-date=2019-01-01|quote=Why were the MTA medication treatments more effective than community treatments that also usually included medication? Answer: There were substantial differences in quality and intensity between the study-provided medication treatments and those provided in the community care group.|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130184640/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/funding/clinical-research/practical/mta/the-multimodal-treatment-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-study-mta-questions-and-answers.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NICE 2009">{{Cite book|title=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults|last=National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health|series=NICE Clinical Guidelines|volume=72|publisher=British Psychological Society|location=Leicester|isbn=978-1-85433-471-8|date=2009|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|via=NCBI Bookshelf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113133612/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53652/|archive-date=13 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Long-Term Outcomes Medications">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Huang YS, Tsai MH|s2cid=3449435|title=Long-term outcomes with medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: current status of knowledge|journal=CNS Drugs|volume=25|issue=7|pages=539–54|date=July 2011|pmid=21699268|doi=10.2165/11589380-000000000-00000}}</ref><ref name="Long-term 2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Arnold LE, Hodgkins P, Caci H, Kahle J, Young S|title=Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=2|pages=e0116407|date=February 2015|pmid=25714373|pmc=4340791|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0116407|display-authors=4|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1016407A}}</ref><ref name="Long-term 36">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Parker J, Wales G, Chalhoub N, Harpin V|title=The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials|journal=Psychology Research and Behavior Management|volume=6|issue=|pages=87–99|date=September 2013|pmid=24082796|pmc=3785407|doi=10.2147/PRBM.S49114|quote=Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period.&nbsp;... Only one paper examining outcomes beyond 36 months met the review criteria.&nbsp;... There is high level evidence suggesting that pharmacological treatment can have a major beneficial effect on the core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity) in approximately 80% of cases compared with placebo controls, in the short term.22}}</ref><ref name="CNS09">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wigal SB|s2cid=11340058|year=2009|title=Efficacy and safety limitations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults|journal=CNS Drugs|volume=23 Suppl 1|pages=21–31|doi=10.2165/00023210-200923000-00004|pmid=19621975}}</ref> Ibitabo by'ubuvuzi byagaragaje ibimenyetso bisa n'ibya ADHD kuva mu kinyejana cya 18.<ref name="Lange Reichl 2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O|title=The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|journal=Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders|volume=2|issue=4|pages=241–55|date=December 2010|pmid=21258430|pmc=3000907|doi=10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8|doi-access=free}}</ref> ADHD, uburyo ipimwa, n'uburyo ivurwa byafashwe nk'ibitavugwaho rumwe kuva mu myaka ya 1970.<ref name="Parrillo 2008 63">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Social Problems|vauthors=Parrillo VN|year=2008|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781412941655|pages=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC|access-date=2 May 2009|archive-date=4 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104002705/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibiganiro byagiye bireba abaganga, abarimu, abashyiraho amategeko, ababyeyi, n'itangazamakuru. Ingingo zirimo impamvu za ADHD n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti itera imbaraga mu kuvura.<ref name="May2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mayes R, Bagwell C, Erkulwater J|s2cid=18481191|title=ADHD and the rise in stimulant use among children|journal=Harvard Review of Psychiatry|volume=16|issue=3|pages=151–66|date=2008|pmid=18569037|doi=10.1080/10673220802167782}}</ref> Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi benshi bemera ko ADHD ari indwara nyayo mu bana no mu bantu bakuru, kandi impaka mu muryango w’abahanga zishingiye ahanini ku buryo ipimwa n’uburyo ivurwa.<ref name="Sim">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sim MG, Hulse G, Khong E|title=When the child with ADHD grows up|journal=Australian Family Physician|volume=33|issue=8|pages=615–8|date=August 2004|pmid=15373378|url=http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200408/20040803sim.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083931/http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200408/20040803sim.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Online">{{Cite book|vauthors=Silver LB|title=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|edition=3rd|year=2004|isbn=978-1-58562-131-6|pages=4–7}}</ref><ref name="Schonwald">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schonwald A, Lechner E|title=Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complexities and controversies|journal=Current Opinion in Pediatrics|volume=18|issue=2|pages=189–95|date=April 2006|pmid=16601502|doi=10.1097/01.mop.0000193302.70882.70}}</ref> Iyi ndwara izwi nka '''ADD''' kuva mu 1980 kugeza mu 1987, mu '''gihe''' mbere yaho izwi nka '''hyperkinetic reaction of childhood'''.<ref name="We2005">{{Cite book|last=Weiss|first=Lawrence G.|title=WISC-IV clinical use and interpretation scientist-practitioner perspectives|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-12-564931-5|pages=237|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eg9U9e_ICr8C&pg=PA237|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116095548/https://books.google.com/books?id=Eg9U9e_ICr8C&pg=PA237|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ADHD: The Diagnostic Criteria|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/adhd/diagnostic.html|access-date=5 March 2016|agency=Frontline|publisher=PBS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420080026/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/medicating/adhd/diagnostic.html|archive-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 7srvzfnwyuqppbiw09kn863bxtx22gi 0 23293 149288 145640 2026-11-07T20:04:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Ehlers–Danlos syndromes|synonym=|image=File:PMC3504533 1471-2415-12-47-2 (cropped).png|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Individual with EDS displaying skin hyperelasticity|pronounce=ey-lerz dan-los|field=[[Medical genetics]], [[rheumatology]]|symptoms=Overly flexible joints, stretchy skin, abnormal scar formation<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>|complications=[[Aortic dissection]], [[joint dislocations]], [[osteoarthritis]]<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>|onset=Birth or early childhood<ref name=Net2012/>|duration=Lifelong<ref name=Law2005/>|types=Hypermobile, classic, vascular, kyphoscoliosis, arthrochalasia, dermatosparaxis, brittle cornea syndrome, others<ref name=GARD2017>{{cite web|title=Ehlers-Danlos syndromes|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6322/ehlers-danlos-syndromes|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|access-date=23 September 2017|date=20 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001628/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6322/ehlers-danlos-syndromes|archive-date=24 September 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>|causes=Genetic<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>|risks=Family history<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>|diagnosis=[[Genetic testing]], [[skin biopsy]]<ref name=Law2005/>|differential=[[Marfan syndrome]], [[cutis laxa syndrome]], [[familial joint hypermobility syndrome]]<ref name=Law2005/>|prevention=|treatment=[[supportive treatment|Supportive]]<ref name=Fer2016/>|medication=|prognosis=Depends on specific disorder<ref name=Law2005/>|frequency=1 in 5,000<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Indwara za Ehlers-Danlos''' ( '''EDS''' ) ni itsinda ry'indwara zidasanzwe ziterwa n'uturemangingo.<ref name="NIHGHR2016">{{Cite web|title=Ehlers–Danlos syndrome|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome#expand-collapse-start|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=8 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508023748/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome#expand-collapse-start|archive-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo ingingo zifunguye, ububabare bw'ingingo, uruhu rusa neza, n'inkovu zidasanzwe.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Ibi bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo kuvuka cyangwa mu bwana.<ref name="Net2012">{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Bryan E.|title=The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations - Integumentary System E-Book|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455726646|page=235|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOBYSIiRL8oC&pg=PA235|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo gucika kw'imitsi ifunganye, gucika kw'ingingo, gucika kw'imitsi ifunganye, ububabare budakira, cyangwa osteoarthritis ikiri kare.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /><ref name="Law2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lawrence EJ|title=The clinical presentation of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome|journal=Advances in Neonatal Care|volume=5|issue=6|pages=301–14|date=December 2005|pmid=16338669|doi=10.1016/j.adnc.2005.09.006}}</ref> EDS iterwa n'ihindagurika ry'uturemangingo turenga 19 dutandukanye tubaho igihe umuntu avuka.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Ingirabuzimafatizo runaka yagizweho ingaruka niyo igena ubwoko bwa EDS.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Hari ubwo indwara zimwe na zimwe zituruka ku guhinduka gushya kugaragara mu gihe cy'ivuka rya mbere, mu gihe izindi zivuka mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa busanzwe.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Ubusanzwe, izi mpinduka zitera inenge mu miterere cyangwa mu gutunganya poroteyine ya kolajeni.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Isuzuma rikunze gushingira ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa n'ibizamini bya genetiki cyangwa biopsy y'uruhu.<ref name="Law2005" /> Ariko, mu ntangiriro abantu bashobora gufatwa nabi mu ndwara ya hypochondriase, [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]], cyangwa indwara y'umunaniro udashira.<ref name="Law2005" /> Nta muti uzwi uhari.<ref name="Fer2016">{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Netter Patient Advisor|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323393249|page=939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz_dCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA939|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bufasha mu buryo busanzwe.<ref name="Law2005" /> Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri kandi gutera inkunga ingingo bishobora gufasha gukomeza imitsi no gushyigikira ingingo.<ref name="Law2005" /> Nubwo bumwe mu bwoko bwa EDS butuma umuntu abaho neza, ubwo bugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaraso muri rusange bugabanya igihe cyo kubaho.<ref name="Fer2016" /> EDS yibasira nibura umuntu umwe ku bantu 5.000 ku isi.<ref name="NIHGHR2016" /> Iteganyagihe riterwa n'indwara runaka.<ref name="Law2005" /> Gutembera cyane byasobanuwe bwa mbere na Hippocrates mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Yesu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beighton|first=Peter H.|last2=Grahame|first2=Rodney|last3=Bird|first3=Howard A.|title=Hypermobility of Joints|date=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781848820852|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195522/https://books.google.com/books?id=ludlEZJC5iEC&pg=PA1|archive-date=2017-11-05}}</ref> Izi ndwara zitiriwe abaganga babiri, Edvard Ehlers wo muri [[Danimarike|Danemark]] na Henri-Alexandre Danlos wo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], bazivuze mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] gipnec3etzxmb1d51hsludnw6tzexcn 0 23294 149285 145583 2026-11-07T20:04:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Asperger syndrome|synonym=Asperger's syndrome, Asperger disorder (AD), Asperger's, schizoid disorder of childhood,<ref name="ICD-10-web-EN">{{cite web |author=World Health Organization |url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F84.5 |title=International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10): F84.5 Asperger syndrome |date=2016 |access-date=2 November 2018 |author-link=World Health Organization |archive-date=8 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033519/http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F84.5 |url-status=live }}</ref> autistic psychopathy,<ref name="ICD-10-web-EN"/> [[high-functioning autism]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shiland |first1=Betsy J. |title=Medical Terminology & Anatomy for ICD-10 Coding |date=2014 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780323290784 |page=518 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjKPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA518 |format=E-book |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414044231/https://books.google.com/books?id=UjKPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA518 |url-status=live }}</ref> level 1 autism spectrum disorder<ref name="APA">{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |date=18 May 2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |isbn=978-0-89042-554-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/50 50–59] |edition=5 |ref=APA |chapter=Neurodevelopmental Disorders |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/50 }}</ref>|image=Riboflavin penicillinamide.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=A boy with Asperger's playing with molecular structures.|caption=Restricted interests or repetitive behaviors, such as this boy's interest in playing with a toy model of molecules, may be features of Asperger's.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|s|p|ɜːr|ɡ|ər|z}},<ref name=collinsuk>{{cite web|title=Asperger syndrome definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |url =https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/asperger-syndrome |website =www.collinsdictionary.com |access-date =16 May 2018 |archive-date =12 May 2018 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180512181938/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/asperger-syndrome |url-status =live}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|-|dʒ|ər|z}}<ref name=oeduk>{{cite web|title=Asperger's syndrome|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Asperger's_syndrome|website=Oxford Dictionaries|access-date=16 May 2018|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003025728/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/asperger%27s_syndrome|url-status=dead}}</ref>|field=[[Psychiatry]]|symptoms=Problems with social interaction, non-verbal communication, restricted interests, repetitive behavior<ref name=NIH2015 />|complications=Social isolation, employment problems, family stress, [[bullying]], [[self-harm]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Autism spectrum disorder - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714024941/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928 |url-status=live }}</ref>|onset=Before two years old<ref name=NIH2015 />|duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2015 />|types=|causes=Unknown<ref name=NIH2015 />|risks=|diagnosis=Based on the symptoms<ref name=Mer2019>{{cite web |title=Autism Spectrum Disorders – Pediatrics |url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/pediatrics/learning-and-developmental-disorders/autism-spectrum-disorders |website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition |access-date=26 January 2019 |archive-date=26 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220900/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/pediatrics/learning-and-developmental-disorders/autism-spectrum-disorders |url-status=live }}</ref>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=For associated conditions<ref name=NINDS />|prognosis=|frequency=37.2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=|management=Social skills training, [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[physical therapy]], [[speech therapy]], parent training<ref name=NINDS />|video1=|named after=}}'''Indwara ya Asperger''' ( '''AS''' ), izwi kandi nka '''Asperger's''', ni indwara y'iterambere irangwa n'ingorane zikomeye mu mibanire n'abandi no mu itumanaho ritari iryo mu magambo, hamwe n'imyitwarire n'ibyo umuntu akunda bitagira akagero kandi bisubirwamo.<ref name="NIH2015">{{Cite web|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-spectrum-disorder-qf-15-5511/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=12 March 2016|date=September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312130731/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-spectrum-disorder-qf-15-5511/index.shtml|archive-date=12 March 2016}}</ref> Kubera ko indwara yoroheje ya autism spectrum (ASD), itandukanye n'izindi ASD bitewe n'ururimi n'ubwenge bisanzwe.<ref name="ICD10">{{Cite web|title=F84.5 Asperger syndrome|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/F84.5|website=World Health Organization|access-date=13 March 2016|date=2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102042503/http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/F84.5|archive-date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Nubwo bidakenewe kugira ngo umuntu amenye indwara, gukoresha imvugo mu buryo budasanzwe no kuyikoresha mu buryo budasanzwe ni ibintu bisanzwe.<ref name="McPart2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=McPartland J, Klin A|title=Asperger's syndrome|journal=Adolescent Medicine Clinics|volume=17|issue=3|pages=771–88; abstract xiii|date=October 2006|pmid=17030291|doi=10.1016/j.admecli.2006.06.010|doi-broken-date=2020-06-04}}</ref><ref name="Baskin">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Baskin JH, Sperber M, Price BH|title=Asperger syndrome revisited|journal=Reviews in Neurological Diseases|volume=3|issue=1|pages=1–7|year=2006|pmid=16596080}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze gutangira umuntu atarageza ku myaka ibiri kandi akenshi bimara ubuzima bwe bwose.<ref name="NIH2015" /> Impamvu nyayo ya Asperger ntabwo izwi.<ref name="NIH2015" /> Nubwo ahanini irazwe, imiterere y’uturemangingo ntabwo iramenyekana neza.<ref name="McPart2006" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Klauck SM|title=Genetics of autism spectrum disorder|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=14|issue=6|pages=714–20|date=June 2006|pmid=16721407|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201610}}</ref> Ibintu bidukikije nabyo bikekwa ko bigira uruhare.<ref name="NIH2015" /> Gusuzuma [[ubwonko]] ntabwo byagaragaje indwara isanzwe ishingiyeho.<ref name="McPart2006" /> Mu 2013, gusuzuma indwara ya Asperger byakuwe mu ''gitabo cy’indwara zo mu mutwe'' ( DSM-5 ), kandi abantu bafite ibi bimenyetso ubu bashyizwe mu ndwara ya autism spectrum hamwe na autisme n’indwara y’iterambere isanzwe itavuzwe ukundi (PDD-NOS).<ref name="NIH2015" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|access-date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309015426/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml|archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> Iracyari mu cyiciro mpuzamahanga cy’indwara ( ICD-11 ) {{as of|2019|lc=y}} nk'ubwoko bw'indwara ya autism spectrum.<ref name="ICD11">{{Cite web|title=Asperger syndrome|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5855/asperger-syndrome|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014095801/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5855/asperger-syndrome|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ICD-11|url=https://icd.who.int/dev11/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f120443468|website=icd.who.int|access-date=12 February 2019|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119021828/https://icd.who.int/dev11/f/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f120443468|url-status=live}}</ref> Nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura, kandi ubushobozi bw'ibikorwa runaka bugaragazwa n'amakuru make gusa.<ref name="McPart2006" /> Ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya gahunda zo gukora ibintu kenshi cyangwa zisubiramo, no kunoza ubuhanga bwo kuvugana no gukora ibintu mu buryo bugoye.<ref name="NINDS" /> Ingamba zishobora kuba zirimo guhugura abantu mu bijyanye n'imibanire n'abandi, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku myitwarire mu bwenge, ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga, amahugurwa ku babyeyi, n'imiti ivura ibibazo bifitanye isano, nk'amarangamutima cyangwa imihangayiko.<ref name="NINDS">{{Cite web|last=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)|date=31 July 2007|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm|access-date=24 August 2007|title=Asperger syndrome fact sheet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821112426/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm|archive-date=21 August 2007|url-status=live}} NIH Publication No. 05-5624.</ref> Abana benshi barakura neza uko bakura, ariko ibibazo byo mu mibanire n'abandi no mu itumanaho akenshi birakomeza.<ref name="Woodbury-Smith">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR|title=Asperger syndrome|journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=1|pages=2–11|date=January 2009|pmid=18563474|doi=10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0|url=http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/12424|type=Submitted manuscript|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331141120/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/12424|url-status=live}}</ref> Bamwe mu bashakashatsi n'abantu bafite ikibazo cya autisme bashyigikiye impinduka mu myumvire ku gitekerezo cy'uko indwara ya autisme ari itandukaniro aho kuba indwara igomba kuvurwa cyangwa gukira.<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite journal|journal=Disability & Society|year=2007|volume=22|issue=7|pages=761–76|title='Surplus suffering': differences between organizational understandings of Asperger's syndrome and those people who claim the 'disorder'|vauthors=Clarke J, van Amerom G|doi=10.1080/09687590701659618}}</ref><ref name="BaronCohen2002">{{Cite journal|journal=Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl|year=2002|volume=17|issue=3|pages=186–91|title=Is Asperger syndrome necessarily viewed as a disability?|last=Baron-Cohen S|doi=10.1177/10883576020170030801}} A preliminary, freely readable draft, with slightly different wording in the quoted text, is in: {{Cite web|url=http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2002_BC_ASDisability.pdf|access-date=2 December 2008|year=2002|title=Is Asperger's syndrome necessarily a disability?|publisher=Autism Research Centre|location=Cambridge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217140628/http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2002_BC_ASDisability.pdf|archive-date=17 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2015, indwara ya Asperger yagaragaye ko yibasiwe n’abantu miliyoni 37.2 ku isi.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Indwara ya Autism yibasira abagabo cyane kurusha [[Umugore|abagore]], kandi abagore bakunze kuyisanga mu myaka iri imbere.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015|format=E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323084307|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163-IA15|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414044233/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA163-IA15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lai MC, Baron-Cohen S|title=Identifying the lost generation of adults with autism spectrum conditions|journal=The Lancet. Psychiatry|volume=2|issue=11|pages=1013–27|date=November 2015|pmid=26544750|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00277-1}}</ref> Iyi ndwara yitiriwe umuganga w’abana wo muri Otirishiya witwa Hans Asperger, wavuze mu 1944 ku bana yareraga bagorwaga no kugirana ubucuti, batumvaga ibimenyetso cyangwa ibyiyumvo by’abandi, baganiraga ku ruhande rumwe ku byo bakunda, kandi bakaba bari abantu badakunda.<ref name="ha">{{Cite book|last=Frith|first=Uta|title=Autism and Asperger Syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/autismaspergersy00frit|url-access=limited|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-38608-1|chapter='Autistic psychopathy' in childhood|pages=[https://archive.org/details/autismaspergersy00frit/page/n46 37]–92}}</ref> Igitekerezo cya none cya Asperger syndrome cyabayeho mu 1981 kandi cyanyuze mu gihe cyo gukwirakwira.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Klin A, Pauls D, Schultz R, Volkmar F|s2cid=19076633|title=Three diagnostic approaches to Asperger syndrome: implications for research|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-autism-and-developmental-disorders_2005-04_35_2/page/221|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|volume=35|issue=2|pages=221–34|date=April 2005|pmid=15909408|doi=10.1007/s10803-004-2001-y}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism?|veditors=Schopler E, Mesibov GB, Kunce LJ|publisher=Plenum press|location=New York|year=1998|chapter=The history of Asperger syndrome|vauthors=Wing L|pages=11–25|isbn=978-0-306-45746-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jz_xbeWgG9AC&pg=PA11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313123459/https://books.google.ca/books?id=jz_xbeWgG9AC&pg=PA11|archive-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Woodbury-Smith M, Klin A, Volkmar F|s2cid=12417580|title=Asperger's syndrome: a comparison of clinical diagnoses and those made according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-autism-and-developmental-disorders_2005-04_35_2/page/235|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|volume=35|issue=2|pages=235–40|date=April 2005|pmid=15909409|doi=10.1007/s10803-004-2002-x}}</ref> Byabaye isuzuma risanzwe mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990.<ref name="Linda2004">{{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Linda|title=Asperger's Syndrome: Intervening in Schools, Clinics, and Communities|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-62414-9|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KiSRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313125152/https://books.google.ca/books?id=KiSRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|archive-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> Ibibazo byinshi n'impaka biracyari byinshi.<ref name="Woodbury-Smith" /> Hari gushidikanya niba bitandukanye na autisme ikora neza (HFA).<ref name="Klin">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Klin A|s2cid=34035031|title=[Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview]|journal=Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria|volume=28 Suppl 1|issue=suppl 1|pages=S3–11|date=May 2006|pmid=16791390|doi=10.1590/S1516-44462006000500002}}</ref> Impamvu imwe ni uko igipimo cy'abantu bagizweho ingaruka kitaramenyekana neza.<ref name="McPart2006" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] qncgb6kb3sqe69ltxkieegama6g0w4v 0 23296 149369 145401 2026-11-07T21:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Parkinson's disease|synonym=Parkinson disease, idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, hypokinetic rigid syndrome, paralysis agitans, shaking palsy|image=Paralysis agitans (1907, after St. Leger).png|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=Two sketches (one from the front and one from the right side) of a man, with an expressionless face. He is stooped forward and is presumably having difficulty walking.|caption=Illustration of Parkinson's disease by [[William Gowers (neurologist)|William Richard Gowers]], first published in ''A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System'' (1886)|pronounce=|field=[[Neurology]]|symptoms=[[tremor|Shaking]], [[Spasticity|rigidity]], [[Hypokinesia#Bradykinesia|slowness of movement]], [[gait abnormality|difficulty walking]]<ref name=NIH2016/>|complications=[[Parkinson's disease dementia|Dementia]], [[major depressive disorder|depression]], anxiety<ref name=Sv2016/>|onset=Age over 60<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=Car2016/>|duration=|types=|causes=Unknown<ref name=Lancet2015/>|risks=[[Pesticide]] exposure, [[head injuries]]<ref name=Lancet2015/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms<ref name=NIH2016/>|differential=[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]], [[progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[essential tremor]], [[antipsychotic]] use<ref>{{cite book|vauthors= Ferri FF|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url= https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter P|edition=2nd}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=Exercise, medications, surgery<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=CF2025/>|medication=[[L-DOPA]], [[dopamine agonist]]s<ref name=Sv2016/>|prognosis=[[Life expectancy]] ~ 15 years{{medcn|date=July 2020}}<ref name=Ley2018>{{medcn|date=July 2020}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Golbe LI, Leyton CE |title=Life expectancy in Parkinson disease |journal=Neurology |volume=91 |issue=22 |pages=991–992 |date=November 2018 |pmid=30381371 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000006560 |type= Editorial}}</ref>|frequency=6.2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=117,400 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|named after=[[James Parkinson]]<ref name=Shu2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shulman JM, De Jager PL, Feany MB | title = Parkinson's disease: genetics and pathogenesis | journal = Annual Review of Pathology | volume = 6 | pages = 193–222 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21034221 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130242 | origyear = 25 October 2010 | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/857d00026b199a33e5aa162063adc35594f26f7c | access-date = 2 August 2020 | archive-date = 28 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210828205458/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Parkinson%27s-disease%3A-genetics-and-pathogenesis.-Shulman-Jager/857d00026b199a33e5aa162063adc35594f26f7c | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828205458/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Parkinson%27s-disease%3A-genetics-and-pathogenesis.-Shulman-Jager/857d00026b199a33e5aa162063adc35594f26f7c |date=28 August 2021 }}</ref>|video1=}}'''Indwara ya Parkinson''' ( '''PD''' ), cyangwa '''Parkinson''' gusa, ni indwara ifata igihe kirekire yo mu bwonko bwo hagati ikagira ingaruka cyane cyane ku mikorere y'umubiri . Uko indwara igenda irushaho kwiyongera, ibimenyetso bitari ibyo mu mitsi bigenda birushaho kugaragara.<ref name=NIH2016>{{cite web|title=Parkinson's Disease Information Page|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page|website=NINDS|access-date=18 July 2016|date=30 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104201403/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104201403/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Parkinsons-Disease-Information-Page |date=4 January 2017 }}</ref><ref name="Lancet2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kalia LV, Lang AE|title=Parkinson's disease|journal=Lancet|volume=386|issue=9996|pages=896–912|date=August 2015|pmid=25904081|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Mu ntangiriro z'iyi ndwara, ibimenyetso bigaragara cyane ni ukunyeganyega, gukomera, kugenda buhoro, no kugorwa no kugenda.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Gutekereza kandi ibibazo by'imyitwarire nabyo bishobora kubaho.<ref name="Sv2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sveinbjornsdottir S|title=The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease|journal=Journal of Neurochemistry|volume=139 Suppl 1|pages=318–324|date=October 2016|pmid=27401947|doi=10.1111/jnc.13691|doi-access=free}}</ref> Indwara yo mu mutwe (Dementia) biba ibisanzwe mu gihe indwara igeze mu cyiciro cya kabiri.<ref name="Sv2016" /> Ihungabana kandi imihangayiko nayo ikunze kugaragara, ikaba igaragara ku bantu barenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'abafite PD.<ref name="Sv2016" /> Ibindi bimenyetso birimo ibibazo byo kumva, gusinzira, n'amarangamutima.<ref name=NIH2016 /><ref name="Sv2016" /> Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'imitsi y'umubiri byitwa " parkinsonism ", cyangwa "parkinsonian syndrome".<ref name="Lancet2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=H. Royden|title=The Netter collection of medical illustrations. a compilation of paintings|date=2013|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9781455733873|page=161|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDpeeru0XD4C&pg=PA161|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154209/https://books.google.com/books?id=kDpeeru0XD4C&pg=PA161|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Impamvu y'indwara ya Parkinson ntabwo izwi, ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri ndetse n'ibidukikije.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Abafite umuntu wo mu muryango wabo wanduye bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara ubwabo.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Hari kandi ibyago byinshi ku bantu bahura n'imiti yica udukoko no mu bakomeretse ku mutwe mbere, mu gihe hari ibyago bike ku banywa itabi n'abanywa [[ikawa]] cyangwa [[Icyayi cy'icyatsi|icyayi]].<ref name="Lancet2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barranco Quintana JL, Allam MF, Del Castillo AS, Navajas RF|title=Parkinson's disease and tea: a quantitative review|journal=Journal of the American College of Nutrition|volume=28|issue=1|pages=1–6|date=February 2009|pmid=19571153|doi=10.1080/07315724.2009.10719754}}</ref> Ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bituruka ku rupfu rw'uturemangingo two mu gace k'ubwonko gafite igice cy'ubwonko cyo hagati . Ibi bituma dopamine idahagije muri aka gace k'ubwonko.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Impamvu y'uru rupfu rw'uturemangingo ntabwo isobanutse neza, ariko ikubiyemo kwirundanya kwa poroteyine mu mibiri ya Lewy mu mitsi y'ubwonko.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Gusuzuma indwara zisanzwe ahanini bishingiye ku bimenyetso, hamwe n'ibizamini nka neuroimaging bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe izindi ndwara.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya Parkinson.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Ubuvuzi bugamije kunoza ibimenyetso. Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa mbere bukorwa hakoreshejwe imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imiti irwanya parkinson ya levodopa ( L-DOPA ), hanyuma hagakurikiraho imiti igabanya ubukana bwa dopamine iyo levodopa idafite imbaraga.<ref name="Sv2016" /><ref name="CF2025">{{Cite web|last=Exner|first=Matthew|title=#382 Exercise for Parkinson’s Disease: More movement = Better movement? – CFPCLearn|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp382/|publisher=CFPC|access-date=4 February 2025|archive-date=17 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217073101/https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp382/|url-status=live}}</ref> Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera kandi uturemangingo tw’ubwonko dukomeza gutakaza ubushobozi, iyi miti iragabanuka, mu gihe kimwe itera ikibazo kirangwa no kwihinahina ku bushake.<ref name="Sv2016" /> Indyo n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura indwara byagaragaje ko bifite akamaro mu kugabanya ibimenyetso.<ref name="pmid19691125">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barichella M, Cereda E, Pezzoli G|title=Major nutritional issues in the management of Parkinson's disease|journal=Movement Disorders|volume=24|issue=13|pages=1881–92|date=October 2009|pmid=19691125|doi=10.1002/mds.22705|hdl=2434/67795|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Neuro2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ahlskog JE|title=Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease?|journal=Neurology|volume=77|issue=3|pages=288–94|date=July 2011|pmid=21768599|pmc=3136051|doi=10.1212/wnl.0b013e318225ab66}}</ref> Kubaga hakoreshejwe microelectrodes kugira ngo ubwonko burusheho gukanguka byakoreshejwe mu kugabanya ibimenyetso by'imikorere y'umubiri mu bihe bikomeye aho imiti idakora neza.<ref name=NIH2016 /> Ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi ku bimenyetso bya PD bifitanye isano no kudakora, nko kubura ibitotsi n'ibibazo by'amarangamutima, ntabwo bikomeye cyane.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Mu 2015, PD yibasiwe n’abantu miliyoni 6.2, bituma abantu bagera ku 117.400 bapfa ku isi yose.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|last=GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> Indwara ya Parkinson ikunze kugaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 60, muri bo hafi kimwe ku ijana nibo bayirwaye.<ref name="Car2016">{{Cite book|vauthors=Carroll WM|title=International Neurology|date=2016|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118777367|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154209/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRl6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Abagabo ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore ku kigereranyo cya 3:2.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Iyo igaragaye ku bantu batarageza ku myaka 50, yitwa PD yo mu ntangiriro.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mosley|first=Anthony D.|title=The encyclopedia of Parkinson's disease|date=2010|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|isbn=9781438127491|page=89|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tE6VgburpxkC&pg=PA89|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154209/https://books.google.com/books?id=tE6VgburpxkC&pg=PA89|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Impuzandengo y'igihe umuntu azakomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupimwa ni hagati y'imyaka 7 na 15.<ref name="Sv2016" /> Iyi ndwara yitiriwe umuganga w’Umwongereza James Parkinson, wasohoye ibisobanuro birambuye bya mbere mu gitabo cyitwa ''An Essay on the Shaking Palsy'', mu 1817. Ubukangurambaga mu ruhame burimo Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wa Parkinson (ku isabukuru ya James Parkinson, 11 Mata) no gukoresha agati k'umutuku nk'ikimenyetso cy'indwara.<ref name="pmid18175393">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lees AJ|title=Unresolved issues relating to the shaking palsy on the celebration of James Parkinson's 250th birthday|journal=Movement Disorders|volume=22 Suppl 17|issue=Suppl 17|pages=S327–34|date=September 2007|pmid=18175393|doi=10.1002/mds.21684}}</ref> Abantu barwaye Parkinson bongereye ubumenyi ku iyi ndwara barimo icyamamare mu iteramakofe Muhammad Ali, umukinnyi wa filime Michael J. Fox, umukinnyi wa siporo mu mikino Olempike Davis Phinney, n'umukinnyi wa filime Alan Alda . == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] ptjmo94g0lp27dpg9tot0gyvfr58fni 0 23303 149253 144793 2026-11-07T19:40:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabapentin''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Neurontin''' n'indi, ni umuti ugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, ububabare bw'imitsi, ubushyuhe, n'indwara yo kuruhuka kw'amaguru.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Gabapentin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/gabapentin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=23 Oct 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819150204/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/gabapentin.html|archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Wij2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wijemanne S, Jankovic J|title=Restless legs syndrome: clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment|journal=Sleep Medicine|volume=16|issue=6|pages=678–90|date=June 2015|pmid=25979181|doi=10.1016/j.sleep.2015.03.002}}</ref> Irasabwa nk'umwe mu miti myinshi yo ku rwego rwa mbere ivura ububabare bw'imitsi buterwa n'indwara ya diyabete, neuralgia yo mu gihe cy'imitsi, n'ububabare bw'imitsi yo mu gice cyo hagati.<ref name="Attal2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Attal N, Cruccu G, Baron R, Haanpää M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Nurmikko T|title=EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision|journal=European Journal of Neurology|volume=17|issue=9|pages=1113–e88|date=September 2010|pmid=20402746|doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02999.x}}</ref> Hafi 15% by'abantu barwaye indwara ya diyabete cyangwa indwara ya neuralgia nyuma y'imitsi bafite inyungu ifatika.<ref name="Wiffen2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Bell RF, Rice AS, Tölle TR, Phillips T, Moore RA|title=Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|pages=CD007938|date=June 2017|pmid=28597471|pmc=6452908|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007938.pub4|hdl=10044/1/52908}}</ref> Ibimenyetso mu bundi bwoko bwinshi bw'ububabare ntibihagije.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Patel|first=Niti G.|last2=Goese|first2=David|last3=Belknap|first3=Steven M.|last4=Madeira|first4=Charles L.|last5=Barsuk|first5=Jeffrey H.|title=Things We Do for No Reason™: Prescribing gabapentinoids for pain|journal=Journal of Hospital Medicine|date=15 February 2026|doi=41693218}}</ref> Gabapentin ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira no kuzerera.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zirimo kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kwiyahura, imyitwarire mibi, n'ibiyobyabwenge.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba ari byiza mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]] cyangwa wonsa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gabapentin Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/gabapentin.html|access-date=13 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829040336/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/gabapentin.html|archive-date=29 August 2017}}</ref> Ingano nto ni zo zisabwa abantu bafite imikorere mibi y'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Gabapentin ni gabapentinoid.<ref name="pmid27345098" /> Ifite imiterere ya molekile isa n’iya aside γ-aminobutyric (GABA) kandi ikora mu kubuza imiyoboro imwe n’imwe ya kalisiyumu.<ref name="Sneader2005">{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug Discovery: A History|date=2005|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-01552-0|pages=219–220|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA219|access-date=31 August 2017|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192246/https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA219|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid27345098">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Slim M|title=2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use|journal=Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics|volume=16|issue=11|pages=1263–1277|date=November 2016|pmid=27345098|doi=10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764}}</ref><ref name="pmid21150315">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Uchitel OD, Di Guilmi MN, Urbano FJ, Gonzalez-Inchauspe C|title=Acute modulation of calcium currents and synaptic transmission by gabapentinoids|journal=Channels|volume=4|issue=6|pages=490–6|year=2010|pmid=21150315|doi=10.4161/chan.4.6.12864|doi-access=free}}</ref> Gabapentin yemejwe bwa mbere gukoreshwa mu 1993.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pitkänen|first=Asla|last2=Schwartzkroin|first2=Philip A.|last3=Moshé|first3=Solomon L.|title=Models of Seizures and Epilepsy|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier|location=Burlington|isbn=978-0-08-045702-4|page=539|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qw6KqLjwtZQC&pg=PA539|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192246/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qw6KqLjwtZQC&pg=PA539|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Neurontin label">{{Cite web|title=Neurontin- gabapentin capsule Neurontin- gabapentin tablet, film coated Neurontin- gabapentin solution|website=[[DailyMed]]|date=11 April 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee9ad9ed-6d9f-4ee1-9d7f-cfad438df388|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707221151/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee9ad9ed-6d9f-4ee1-9d7f-cfad438df388|url-status=live}}</ref> Kuva mu 2004, iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika <ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa byinshi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere {{as of|2015|lc=y}} yari hafi {{USD|10.80|link=yes}} ku kwezi; <ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Gabapentin|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1036&searchYear=2015|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=13 March 2016|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140529/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1036&searchYear=2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, yari hagati y'amadolari y'Amerika 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0|page=327}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa cumi n'umwe ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni 46.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Gabapentin - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Gabapentin|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411200205/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Gabapentin|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu myaka ya 1990, Parke-Davis, ishami rya Pfizer, yatangiye gukoresha uburyo butandukanye butemewe n'amategeko kugira ngo ashishikarize abaganga bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gukoresha gabapentin mu buryo butemewe.<ref name="Hen2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Henney JE|title=Safeguarding patient welfare: who's in charge?|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=145|issue=4|pages=305–7|date=August 2006|pmid=16908923|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00013}}</ref> Bishyuye amamiliyoni y'amadolari kugira ngo batunganye imanza zijyanye n'ibi bikorwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stempel|first=Jonathan|title=Pfizer to pay $325 million in Neurontin settlement|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-neurontin-settlement/pfizer-to-pay-325-million-in-neurontin-settlement-idUSKBN0ED1IS20140602|access-date=11 June 2018|work=Reuters|date=2 June 2014|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140151/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pfizer-neurontin-settlement/pfizer-to-pay-325-million-in-neurontin-settlement-idUSKBN0ED1IS20140602|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] dakp4nbwdvh4atn14528vquotcavi85 0 23304 149392 145389 2026-11-07T21:14:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Methylphenidate''', igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya '''Ritalin''' n'indi, ni umuti utera imbaraga ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Indwara yo kudakora neza mu mutwe|indwara yo kudakora neza kw'ibitekerezo]] (ADHD) na narcolepsy . Ni umuti wa mbere uvura ADHD.<ref name=AHFS2018>{{cite web |title=Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methylphenidate-hydrochloride.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=19 December 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182550/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methylphenidate-hydrochloride.html |archive-date=19 December 2018 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182550/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methylphenidate-hydrochloride.html |date=19 December 2018 }}</ref> Ishobora gufatwa mu kanwa cyangwa igasigwa ku ruhu.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Imiti itandukanye igira igihe gitandukanye cy'ingaruka.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara za methylphenidate zirimo kugorwa no gusinzira, kugabanuka k'ubushake bwo kurya, guhangayika no kugabanya ibiro. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo psychosis, allergie, guhagarara igihe kirekire, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, n'ibibazo by'umutima.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Bivugwa ko Methylphenidate ikora mu gukumira dopamine na norepinephrine reuptake by’imitsi ikoresha neurons.<ref name="Arn2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Arnsten AF, Li BM|title=Neurobiology of Executive Functions: Catecholamine Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Functions|journal=Biological Psychiatry|volume=57|issue=11|pages=1377–84|year=2005|pmid=15950011|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019}}</ref><ref name="St4th">{{Cite book|last=Stahl|first=Stephen M.|title=Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications|url=https://archive.org/details/stahlsessentialp0000stah|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1107686465|edition=4th|date=11 April 2013}}</ref> Methylphenidate ni umuti utera imbaraga mu mitsi (CNS) ukomoka ku bwoko bwa phenethylamine na piperidine.<ref name=AHFS2018 /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Preedy|first=Victor R.|title=Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 3: General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions|date=2016|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780128006771|page=651|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yu9eBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA651|language=en|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829151101/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yu9eBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA651|url-status=live}}</ref> Methylphenidate yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1944, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1955.<ref name="Lang2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM, Tucha L, Tucha O|title=The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|journal=ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders|volume=2|issue=4|pages=241–55|year=2010|pmid=21258430|pmc=3000907|doi=10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8}}</ref> Yagurishijwe bwa mbere na sosiyete yo mu Busuwisi yitwa CIBA, ubu ikaba ari Novartis Corporation.<ref name="Lang2010" /> Bivugwa ko mu 2013, dose miliyari 2.4 za methylphenidate zafashwe ku isi yose. Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 47 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 16. Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy’umuti usohoka ako kanya kiri munsi ya 0.30$ kuri dose imwe mu 2018. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] osy0ye719jouc8bthhlklyav8zc1xmz 0 23305 149360 145004 2026-11-07T21:02:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Multiple sclerosis|synonym=Disseminated sclerosis, encephalomyelitis disseminata|image=MS Demyelinisation CD68 10xv2.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[CD68]]-stained tissue shows several [[macrophage]]s in the area of a demyelinated lesion caused by MS.|pronounce=|field=[[Neurology]]|symptoms=Double vision, [[blindness]] in one eye, muscle weakness, trouble with [[sensation (psychology)|sensation]], trouble with coordination<ref name=NIH2015/>|complications=|onset=Age 20–50<ref name=Milo2010/>|duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2015/>|types=|causes=Unknown<ref name=Nak2012/>|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms and medical tests<ref name=Tsang2011/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Medications, physical therapy<ref name=NIH2015/>|medication=|prognosis=5–10 year shorter [[life expectancy]]<ref name="pmid18970977"/>|frequency=2 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=18,900 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|video1=|named after=}}'''Multiple sclerosis''' ( '''MS''' ) ni indwara itera gukuraho myelin aho ibice bikingira uturemangingo tw’imitsi mu bwonko no mu ruti rw’umugongo byangirika. Uku kwangirika kubangamira ubushobozi bw'ibice by'imitsi bwo kohereza ibimenyetso, bigatera ibimenyetso bitandukanye, harimo ibibazo by'umubiri, ibyo mu mutwe, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'ibibazo byo mu mutwe.<ref name="pmid18970977">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Compston A, Coles A|author-link=Alastair Compston|title=Multiple sclerosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_october-25-31-2008_372_9648/page/1502|journal=Lancet|volume=372|issue=9648|pages=1502–17|date=October 2008|pmid=18970977|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7}}</ref><ref name="pmid11955556">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Compston A, Coles A|title=Multiple sclerosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2002-04-06_359_9313/page/1221|journal=Lancet|volume=359|issue=9313|pages=1221–31|date=April 2002|pmid=11955556|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08220-X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Bradley's neurology in clinical practice.|url=https://archive.org/details/bradleysneurolog00unse|year=2012|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-1-4377-0434-1|edition=6th|vauthors=Murray ED, Buttner EA, Price BH|veditors=Daroff R, Fenichel G, Jankovic J, Mazziotta J|chapter=Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice}}</ref> Ibimenyetso byihariye bishobora kuba birimo kureba kabiri, guhuma mu jisho rimwe, intege nke z'imitsi ndetse no kunanirwa kumva cyangwa guhuza imikorere y'umubiri.<ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=NINDS Multiple Sclerosis Information Page|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm|website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=6 March 2016|date=19 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213025406/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm|archive-date=13 February 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213025406/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multiple_sclerosis/multiple_sclerosis.htm |date=13 February 2016 }}</ref> MS ifata imiterere itandukanye, ibimenyetso bishya bibaho mu bitero byihariye (uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma) cyangwa bikiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita (uburyo bukomeza kwiyongera).<ref name="pmid8780061">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lublin FD, Reingold SC|author-link=Fred D. Lublin|title=Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_1996-04_46_4/page/907|journal=Neurology|volume=46|issue=4|pages=907–11|date=April 1996|pmid=8780061|doi=10.1212/WNL.46.4.907}}</ref> Hagati y’ibitero, ibimenyetso bishobora gucika burundu; icyakora, ibibazo by’imitsi bidashira akenshi birakomeza, cyane cyane uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera.<ref name="pmid8780061" /> Nubwo impamvu idasobanutse neza, imikorere y’ibanze ikekwa ko ari ukurimbuka kw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri cyangwa kunanirwa kw’uturemangingo dukora myelin.<ref name="Nak2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nakahara J, Maeda M, Aiso S, Suzuki N|title=Current concepts in multiple sclerosis: autoimmunity versus oligodendrogliopathy|journal=Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology|volume=42|issue=1|pages=26–34|date=February 2012|pmid=22189514|doi=10.1007/s12016-011-8287-6}}</ref> Impamvu zivugwa zirimo imiterere y’umubiri no kuba byaterwa n’ubwandu bwa virusi nka virusi ya Epstein-Barr.<ref name="pmid11955556" /><ref name="pmid17444504">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ascherio A, Munger KL|title=Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-neurology_2007-04_61_4/page/288|journal=Annals of Neurology|volume=61|issue=4|pages=288–99|date=April 2007|pmid=17444504|doi=10.1002/ana.21117}}</ref> Ubusanzwe indwara ya MS ipimwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n'ibimenyetso byayo ndetse n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi.<ref name="Tsang2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tsang BK, Macdonell R|title=Multiple sclerosis- diagnosis, management and prognosis|journal=Australian Family Physician|volume=40|issue=12|pages=948–55|date=December 2011|pmid=22146321}}</ref> Nta muti uzwi uvura indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugerageza kunoza imikorere y'umubiri nyuma y'igitero no gukumira ibitero bishya.<ref name="pmid11955556" /> Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya MS, nubwo ifite akamaro gake, ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kandi ntibemererwe neza.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bishobora gufasha abantu mu bushobozi bwabo bwo gukora.<ref name=NIH2015 /> Abantu benshi bahitamo ubundi buryo bwo kuvura nubwo nta bimenyetso bigaragaza akamaro kabwo.<ref name="pmid16420779">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Huntley A|title=A review of the evidence for efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in MS|journal=International MS Journal|volume=13|issue=1|pages=5–12, 4|date=January 2006|pmid=16420779}}</ref> Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ziragoye kumenya; ingaruka nziza zikunze kugaragara ku bagore, abarwara iyi ndwara bakiri bato, abasubiranyemo, ndetse n'ababanje guhura n'ibitero bike.<ref name="pmid8017890">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Weinshenker BG|title=Natural history of multiple sclerosis|journal=Annals of Neurology|volume=36|issue=Suppl|pages=S6-11|year=1994|pmid=8017890|doi=10.1002/ana.410360704}}</ref> Icyizere cy'ubuzima ugereranije, ubusanzwe buri munsi y’imyaka itanu kugeza ku icumi ugereranije n’abaturage badafite icyo bahungabanyije.<ref name="pmid18970977" /> Indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane iterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ifata uturemangingo tw’imitsi yo hagati.<ref name="pmid24746689">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Berer K, Krishnamoorthy G|title=Microbial view of central nervous system autoimmunity|journal=FEBS Letters|volume=588|issue=22|pages=4207–13|date=November 2014|pmid=24746689|doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.007}}</ref> Mu 2015, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 2.3 bagizweho ingaruka ku isi, aho igipimo gitandukanye cyane mu turere dutandukanye no mu baturage batandukanye.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, abantu bagera ku 18.900 bapfuye bazize indwara ya MS, bavuye ku 12.000 mu 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|last=GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira hagati y’imyaka makumyabiri na mirongo itanu kandi ikunze kugaragara ku bagore inshuro ebyiri kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Milo2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Milo R, Kahana E|title=Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment|journal=Autoimmunity Reviews|volume=9|issue=5|pages=A387-94|date=March 2010|pmid=19932200|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010}}</ref> MS yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1868 n'umuhanga mu by'imitsi w'Umufaransa Jean-Martin Charcot.<ref name="Charcot1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Clanet M | title = Jean-Martin Charcot. 1825 to 1893 | journal = International MS Journal | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 59–61 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18782501 | url = http://www.msforum.net/Site/ViewPDF/ViewPDF.aspx?ArticleID=E80DC748-5048-4BD2-9393-18BCAE0A1514&doctype=Article | format = PDF | access-date = 21 October 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190330210130/http://www.msforum.net/Site/ViewPDF/ViewPDF.aspx?ArticleID=E80DC748-5048-4BD2-9393-18BCAE0A1514&doctype=Article | archive-date = 30 March 2019 | url-status = dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330210130/http://www.msforum.net/Site/ViewPDF/ViewPDF.aspx?ArticleID=E80DC748-5048-4BD2-9393-18BCAE0A1514&doctype=Article |date=30 March 2019 }}<br />* {{cite journal |author=Charcot, J. |year=1868 |title=Histologie de la sclerose en plaques |journal=Gazette des Hopitaux, Paris |volume=41 |pages=554–5 }}</ref> Izina ''multiple sclerosis'' risobanura inkovu nyinshi za glial (cyangwa sclerae - cyane cyane plaque cyangwa ibisebe) zikura ku ngingo yera y'ubwonko n'umugongo. Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura no gusuzuma indwara burimo gukorwa.<ref name="pmid19597083">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cohen JA|title=Emerging therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis|journal=Archives of Neurology|volume=66|issue=7|pages=821–8|date=July 2009|pmid=19597083|doi=10.1001/archneurol.2009.104|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] h0jmkubmsait8ecd0xxxdxux81sbrtc 0 23307 149429 145000 2026-11-07T21:25:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Glioblastoma|synonym=Glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV astrocytoma|image=Glioblastoma - MR coronal with contrast.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Coronal [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] with contrast of a glioblastoma in a 15-year-old male|pronounce=|field=[[Oncology]], [[neurosurgery]]|symptoms=Initially nonspecific, [[headache]]s, personality changes, [[nausea]], symptoms similar to a [[stroke]]<ref name=Young2015/>|complications=|onset=~ 64 years old<ref name=WCR2014,5.16/><ref name=Gal2015/>|duration=|types=|causes=Usually unclear<ref name=WCR2014,5.16/>|risks=[[Genetic disorder]]s ([[neurofibromatosis]], [[Li–Fraumeni syndrome]]), previous [[radiation therapy]]<ref name=WCR2014,5.16/><ref name=Gal2015/>|diagnosis=[[CT scan]], [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI scan]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=Young2015/>|differential=|prevention=Unknown<ref name=Gal2015/>|treatment=[[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy|radiation]]<ref name=Gal2015/>|medication=[[Temozolomide]], [[corticosteroids|steroids]]<ref name=Young2015/><ref name=Hart2013/>|prognosis=[[Life expectancy]] ~ 14 months with treatment (5 year survival <7%)<ref name=WCR2014,5.16/><ref name=Os2019/>|frequency=3 per 100,000 per year<ref name=Gal2015/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Glioblastoma''', izwi kandi nka '''glioblastoma multiforme''' ( '''GBM''' ), ni yo [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ikaze cyane itangirira mu [[Ubwonko|bwonko]].<ref name="Ble2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bleeker FE, Molenaar RJ, Leenstra S|title=Recent advances in the molecular understanding of glioblastoma|journal=Journal of Neuro-Oncology|volume=108|issue=1|pages=11–27|date=May 2012|pmid=22270850|pmc=3337398|doi=10.1007/s11060-011-0793-0}}</ref> Mu ntangiriro, ibimenyetso bya glioblastoma ntabwo ari byo byihariye.<ref name="Young2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Young RM, Jamshidi A, Davis G, Sherman JH|title=Current trends in the surgical management and treatment of adult glioblastoma|journal=Annals of Translational Medicine|volume=3|issue=9|pages=121|date=June 2015|pmid=26207249|pmc=4481356|doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.05.10}}</ref> Bishobora kuba birimo kuribwa umutwe, impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu, isesemi n'ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara yo mu bwonko.<ref name="Young2015" /> Ibimenyetso bikunze kwiyongera vuba kandi bishobora kwiyongera bikagera aho umuntu ata ubwenge.<ref name="WCR2014,5.16">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 5.16}}</ref> Impamvu y’icyorezo cya glioblastoma ntabwo izwi.<ref name="WCR2014,5.16" /> Ibintu bidasanzwe bishobora gutera ibyago birimo indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo, nka neurofibromatosis na Li-Fraumeni syndrome, ndetse n'ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere bushingiye ku mirasire.<ref name="WCR2014,5.16" /><ref name="Gal2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gallego O|title=Nonsurgical treatment of recurrent glioblastoma|journal=Current Oncology|volume=22|issue=4|pages=e273-81|date=August 2015|pmid=26300678|pmc=4530825|doi=10.3747/co.22.2436}}</ref> Glioblastomas zigize 15% [[Kanseri y’ubwonko|by'ibibyimba byose byo mu bwonko]].<ref name="Young2015" /> Bishobora gutangirira ku tunyangingo tw’ubwonko dusanzwe cyangwa bigakura bivuye kuri astrocytoma iriho yo mu rwego rwo hasi.<ref name="WCR2014,3.8">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 3.8}}</ref> Ubusanzwe indwara iterwa no guhuza CT scan, MRI scan na tissue biopsy.<ref name="Young2015" /> Nta buryo buzwi bwo kwirinda kanseri.<ref name="Gal2015" /> Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi busaba kubagwa, nyuma hagakoreshwa imiti igabanya ubukana n'imirasire.<ref name="Gal2015" /> Umuti wa temozolomide ukunze gukoreshwa nk'igice cya chimiotherapie.<ref name="Gal2015" /><ref name="Hart2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hart MG, Garside R, Rogers G, Stein K, Grant R|title=Temozolomide for high grade glioma|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=4|issue=4|pages=CD007415|date=April 2013|pmid=23633341|pmc=6457743|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007415.pub2}}</ref><ref name="RTG1">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Khosla D|title=Concurrent therapy to enhance radiotherapeutic outcomes in glioblastoma|journal=Annals of Translational Medicine|volume=4|issue=3|pages=54|date=February 2016|pmid=26904576|pmc=4740000|doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.25}}</ref> Steroid nyinshi zishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya kubyimba no kugabanya ibimenyetso.<ref name="Young2015" /> Gukuraho ikibyimba cyane bifitanye isano no kuramba kwacyo.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Van Meir EG, Hadjipanayis CG, Norden AD, Shu HK, Wen PY, Olson JJ|title=Exciting new advances in neuro-oncology: the avenue to a cure for malignant glioma|journal=Ca|volume=60|issue=3|pages=166–93|year=2010|pmid=20445000|pmc=2888474|doi=10.3322/caac.20069}}</ref> Nubwo kanseri yavuwe neza cyane, ikunze kugaruka.<ref name="Gal2015" /> Igihe gisanzwe cyo kubaho nyuma yo gupimwa ni amezi 12 kugeza kuri 15, aho abantu bari munsi ya 3 kugeza kuri 7% bamara igihe kirenze imyaka itanu.<ref name="WCR2014,5.16" /><ref name="Os2019">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ostrom QT, Cioffi G, Gittleman H, Patil N, Waite K, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS|title=CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2012-2016|journal=Neuro-Oncology|volume=21|issue=Supplement_5|pages=v1–v100|date=November 2019|pmid=31675094|pmc=6823730|doi=10.1093/neuonc/noz150}}</ref> Iyo umuntu atavuwe, kubaho kwe ni amezi atatu.<ref name="Sch2007">{{Cite book|last=Schapira|first=Anthony H.V.|title=Neurology and clinical neuroscience|date=2007|publisher=Mosby Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780323070539|page=1336|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwajBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1336|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729005047/https://books.google.ca/books?id=EwajBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1336|archive-date=2017-07-29}}</ref> Ni kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane itangirira mu bwonko ikaba n'ikibyimba cya kabiri gikunze kugaragara cyane mu bwonko, nyuma ya meningioma.<ref name="Ble2012" /><ref name="Mc2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=McNeill KA|title=Epidemiology of Brain Tumors|journal=Neurologic Clinics|volume=34|issue=4|pages=981–998|date=November 2016|pmid=27720005|doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.014}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri 3 ku 100.000 barwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka.<ref name="Gal2015" /> Akenshi bitangira mu myaka 64 kandi bikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore.<ref name="WCR2014,5.16" /><ref name="Gal2015" /> Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri irimo kwigwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=With Immunotherapy, Glimmers of Progress against Glioblastoma|url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/research/immunotherapy-glioblastoma|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=23 December 2015|date=9 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103950/http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/research/immunotherapy-glioblastoma|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 3e5xrg8uqk34qm91w71f2wm9joirghe 0 23308 149380 145447 2026-11-07T21:10:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Down syndrome|synonym=Down's syndrome, Down's, trisomy 21|image=Down syndrome lg.jpg <!-- Do not change this picture without discussing it in the Down syndrome discussion page. Because of continued vandalism, pictures will be immediately reverted. -->|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=Illustration of the facial features of Down syndrome|caption=Illustration of the facial features of Down syndrome|pronounce=|field=[[Medical genetics]], [[pediatrics]]|symptoms=Delayed [[child development|physical growth]], characteristic [[dysmorphic feature|facial features]], mild to moderate [[intellectual disability]]<ref name=Wei2010/>|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=Third copy of [[chromosome 21 (human)|chromosome 21]]<ref name=Patt2009/>|risks=[[Advanced maternal age|Older age of mother]], prior affected child<ref name=Mor2002>{{cite journal|last=Morris|first=JK|author2=Mutton, DE |author3=Alberman, E |title=Revised estimates of the maternal age specific live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome|journal=Journal of Medical Screening|year=2002|volume=9|issue=1|pages=2–6|pmid=11943789|doi=10.1136/jms.9.1.2|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Down syndrome - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=17 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308035402/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977 |url-status=live }}</ref>|diagnosis=[[Prenatal testing|Prenatal screening]], [[genetic testing]]<ref name=NIH2014Diag/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Educational support, sheltered work environment<ref name=Roi2003/><ref name=NADS/>|medication=|prognosis=Life expectancy 50 to 60 years (developed world)<ref name=Malt2013/><ref name=Nelson2011/><ref name=Ts2020>{{cite journal |last1=Tsou |first1=Amy Y. |last2=Bulova |first2=Peter |last3=Capone |first3=George |last4=Chicoine |first4=Brian |last5=Gelaro |first5=Bryn |last6=Harville |first6=Terry Odell |last7=Martin |first7=Barry A. |last8=McGuire |first8=Dennis E. |last9=McKelvey |first9=Kent D. |last10=Peterson |first10=Moya |last11=Tyler |first11=Carl |last12=Wells |first12=Michael |last13=Whitten |first13=Michelle Sie |title=Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline |journal=JAMA |date=20 October 2020 |volume=324 |issue=15 |pages=1543 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.17024}}</ref>|frequency=0.1% of newborns (5.4 million)<ref name=Wei2010/><ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=26,500 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|video1=|named after=}}'''Down syndrome''', izwi kandi nka '''trisomie 21''', ni indwara iterwa n'uko kopi ya gatatu ya chromosome 21 cyangwa igice cyayo kiba kirimo cyangwa se igice cyayo.<ref name="Patt2009">{{Cite journal|last=Patterson|first=D|title=Molecular genetic analysis of Down syndrome.|journal=Human Genetics|date=Jul 2009|volume=126|issue=1|pages=195–214|pmid=19526251|doi=10.1007/s00439-009-0696-8}}</ref> Ubusanzwe bifitanye isano no gutinda gukura kw'umubiri, [[Handicap mental|ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]] bworoheje kugeza ku buringaniye, hamwe n'imiterere y'isura iranga umuntu.<ref name="Wei2010">{{Cite journal|last=Weijerman|first=ME|last2=de Winter, JP|title=Clinical practice. The care of children with Down syndrome.|journal=European Journal of Pediatrics|date=Dec 2010|volume=169|issue=12|pages=1445–52|pmid=20632187|doi=10.1007/s00431-010-1253-0|pmc=2962780}}</ref> Igipimo mpuzandengo cy'ubwenge cy'umuntu mukuru urwaye Down syndrome ni 50, bingana n'ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana w'imyaka 8 cyangwa 9, ariko ibi bishobora gutandukana cyane.<ref name="Malt2013">{{Cite journal|last=Malt|first=EA|last2=Dahl, RC|last3=Haugsand, TM|last4=Ulvestad, IH|last5=Emilsen, NM|last6=Hansen, B|last7=Cardenas, YE|last8=Skøld, RO|last9=Thorsen, AT|last10=Davidsen, EM|title=Health and disease in adults with Down syndrome|journal=Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, NY Raekke|date=Feb 5, 2013|volume=133|issue=3|pages=290–94|pmid=23381164|doi=10.4045/tidsskr.12.0390|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ababyeyi b'umuntu wanduye ubusanzwe baba bameze neza mu buryo bw'uturemangingo.<ref name="Steph2010">{{Cite book|last=Hammer|first=edited by Stephen J. McPhee, Gary D.|title=Pathophysiology of disease : an introduction to clinical medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/pathophysiologyo0000unse_q2x0|year=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-162167-0|pages=Chapter 2|edition=6th|chapter=Pathophysiology of Selected Genetic Diseases}}</ref> Amahirwe ariyongera kuva kuri 0.1% ku babyeyi bafite imyaka 20 kugera kuri 3% ku bafite imyaka 45. Kromosomu y'inyongera ikekwa ko ibaho ku bw'impanuka, nta gikorwa kizwi cy'imyitwarire cyangwa ikintu kidashingiye ku bidukikije gihindura amahirwe.<ref name="NIH2014Cause">{{Cite web|title=What causes Down syndrome?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/causes.aspx|access-date=6 January 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105082310/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Indwara ya Down syndrome ishobora kumenyekana mu gihe cyo gutwita binyuze mu gupima mbere yo gutwita, hagakurikiraho gupima indwara cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwitegereza no gupima imiterere y'umubiri.<ref name="NIH2014Diag">{{Cite web|title=How do health care providers diagnose Down syndrome?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx|website=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|access-date=4 March 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142500/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Kuva aho igikorwa cyo gupima gitangiriye, [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|inda]] ziterwa n'ibizamini akenshi zirahagarikwa.<ref name="Nat2012">{{Cite journal|last=Natoli|first=JL|last2=Ackerman, DL|last3=McDermott, S|last4=Edwards, JG|title=Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: a systematic review of termination rates (1995–2011)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_prenatal-diagnosis_2012-02_32_2/page/142|journal=Prenatal Diagnosis|date=Feb 2012|volume=32|issue=2|pages=142–53|pmid=22418958|doi=10.1002/pd.2910}}</ref><ref name="Mans1999">{{Cite journal|last=Mansfield|first=C|last2=Hopfer, S|last3=Marteau, TM|title=Termination rates after prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome, spina bifida, anencephaly, and Turner and Klinefelter syndromes: a systematic literature review. European Concerted Action: DADA (Decision-making After the Diagnosis of a fetal Abnormality)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_prenatal-diagnosis_1999-09_19_9/page/808|journal=Prenatal Diagnosis|date=Sep 1999|volume=19|issue=9|pages=808–12|pmid=10521836|doi=10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199909)19:9<808::aid-pd637>3.0.co;2-b}}</ref> Gusuzuma buri gihe ibibazo by'ubuzima bikunze kugaragara muri Down syndrome ni byiza mu buzima bwose bw'umuntu.<ref name="Malt2013" /> Nta muti uhari wa Down syndrome.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Down Syndrome: Other FAQs|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/faqs.aspx|access-date=6 January 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106221704/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/faqs.aspx|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Uburezi n'ubuvuzi bukwiye byagaragaye ko bitera imbere ireme ry'ubuzima.<ref name="Roi2003">{{Cite journal|last=Roizen, NJ|last2=Patterson, D|title=Down's syndrome|journal=Lancet|volume=361|issue=9365|pages=1281–89|date=April 2003|pmid=12699967|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12987-X|type=Review}}</ref> Bamwe mu bana bafite indwara ya Down syndrome biga mu masomo asanzwe yo ku ishuri, mu gihe abandi bakeneye uburezi bwihariye kurushaho.<ref name="NADS" /> Hari abantu bamwe barwaye Down syndrome barangiza amashuri yisumbuye, abandi bake biga amashuri yisumbuye.<ref name="Stein2011">{{Cite book|last=Steinbock|first=Bonnie|title=Life before birth the moral and legal status of embryos and fetuses|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-971207-6|page=222|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ehYs43QBYAC&pg=PA222|edition=2nd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123082359/https://books.google.com/books?id=1ehYs43QBYAC&pg=PA222|archive-date=2017-01-23|df=}}</ref> Mu gihe cy'ubukure, hafi 20% muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bakora akazi gahembwa mu buryo runaka,<ref name="US2013">{{Cite news|last=Szabo|first=Liz|title=Life with Down syndrome is full of possibilities|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/05/01/life-down-syndrome-improving/2054953/|access-date=7 February 2014|work=USA Today|date=May 9, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108012711/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/05/01/life-down-syndrome-improving/2054953/|archive-date=8 January 2014|df=}}</ref> benshi bakaba bakeneye ahantu ho gukorera hihishe.<ref name="NADS">{{Cite web|title=Facts About Down Syndrome|publisher=National Association for Down Syndrome|url=http://www.nads.org/pages_new/facts.html|access-date=20 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403162637/http://www.nads.org/pages_new/facts.html|archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> Ubufasha mu bibazo by'imari n'amategeko bukunze gukenerwa.<ref name="Nelson2011" /> Imyaka yo kubaho ni hagati ya 50 na 60&nbsp;imyaka myinshi mu bihugu byateye imbere hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.<ref name="Malt2013" /><ref name="Nelson2011">{{Cite book|first=Robert M.|last=Kliegma|title=Nelson textbook of pediatrics|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781437707557|year=2011|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4377-0755-7|pages=Chapter 76.2|edition=19th|chapter=Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number}}</ref> Down syndrome ni kimwe mu bintu bikunze kugaragara mu miterere ya chromosome mu bantu.<ref name="Malt2013" /> Bibaho ku bana bagera kuri 1 mu 1000 bavuka buri mwaka.<ref name="Wei2010" /> Mu 2015, indwara ya Down syndrome yagaragaye mu bantu miliyoni 5.4 ku isi yose, bituma impfu 27.000 zigabanuka ugereranyije n’impfu 43.000 zabaye mu 1990.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|pmc=4340604}}</ref> Yitiriwe umuganga w’Umwongereza witwa John Langdon Down, wasobanuye neza iyi ndwara mu 1866.<ref name="Hick2012">{{Cite journal|last=Hickey|first=F|last2=Hickey, E|last3=Summar, KL|title=Medical update for children with Down syndrome for the pediatrician and family practitioner.|journal=Advances in Pediatrics|year=2012|volume=59|issue=1|pages=137–57|pmid=22789577|doi=10.1016/j.yapd.2012.04.006}}</ref> Bimwe mu bintu bigize iyi ndwara byasobanuwe mbere na Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe w’Umufaransa mu 1838, n’umuganga w’Umufaransa Édouard Séguin mu 1844.<ref name="Evans2009p12">{{Cite book|last=Evans-Martin|first=F. Fay|title=Down syndrome|year=2009|publisher=Chelsea House|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-1950-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/downsyndrome0000evan/page/12 12]|url=https://archive.org/details/downsyndrome0000evan|url-access=registration}}</ref> Impamvu y’uturemangingo itera Down syndrome yavumbuwe mu 1959.<ref name="Hick2012" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] snsemcy8pc4exs6mwdxjtw0ows2j9l4 0 23312 149417 145270 2026-11-07T21:23:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trazodone''', igurishwa ku mazina menshi y’ibirango,<ref name="genericnames">{{Cite web|title=Trazodone|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/trazodone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=9 February 2019|language=en|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916022006/https://www.drugs.com/international/trazodone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ni umuti uvura indwara zifata imitsi.<ref name="AHFS2018">{{Cite web|title=Trazodone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174109/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/trazodone-hydrochloride.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba, indwara zo guhangayika, ingorane zo gusinzira, ndetse n'indi miti, no kurwara inzoga.<ref name="AHFS2018" /><ref name="CFPC2021">{{Cite web|last=Ton|first=Joey|title=#302 Still awake? Trazodone for insomnia|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp302/|website=CFPCLearn|access-date=14 June 2023|date=15 November 2021|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328114109/https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp302/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuma mu kanwa, kumva nta cyo ushoboye, kuruka no kuribwa umutwe.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo kwiyahura, kwiheba, gutera k'umutima ku buryo butari bwo, no guhagarara igihe kirekire bitewe n'uburwayi.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba gukoresha iyi miti mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa konsa nta kibazo bifite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trazodone Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/trazodone.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810191222/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/trazodone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ni ikintu kigizwe na phenylpiperazine cyo mu bwoko bwa serotonin antagonist na reuptake inhibitor (SARI).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stahl|first=Stephen M.|title=Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications|date=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521857024|page=567|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=cWbYxSfKN3cC&pg=PA567|language=en|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811032910/https://books.google.ca/books?id=cWbYxSfKN3cC&pg=PA567|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lemke|first=Thomas L.|last2=Williams|first2=David A.|title=Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry|date=2008|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781768795|page=586|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA586|language=en|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812031919/https://books.google.ca/books?id=R0W1ErpsQpkC&pg=PA586|url-status=live}}</ref> Trazodone ifite ingaruka zo gutuza.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/257 257]–258|edition=69th}}</ref> Trazodone yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1981.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ikiguzi cya NHS mu Bwongereza ni hafi £7.46 ku kwezi guhera mu 2019.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=367|edition=76th}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cyo kugurisha ku giciro kinini ni hafi {{US$}} 4.53 ku kwezi guhera mu 2018.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2018-01-03|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-01-03/v54n-gpyk|publisher=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=7 January 2018|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624045037/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-01-03/v54n-gpyk|url-status=deviated}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 30 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 22.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Trazodone Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/TrazodoneHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411214357/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/TrazodoneHydrochloride|url-status=deviated}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] hvk7iv15oim0f8j6fx32db6dgsqes1e 0 23317 149415 145429 2026-11-07T21:22:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=HIV/AIDS|synonym=HIV disease, HIV infection<ref name=AIDS2010GOV>{{cite web |title=What Are HIV and AIDS? {{!}} HIV.gov |url =http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |website =www.unaids.org |publisher =UNAIDS Secretariat |access-date =September 10, 2017 |language =en |date =2017-05-15 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221331/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |archive-date =September 10, 2017 |url-status =live }}</ref>|df=mdy-all}} Agakoko gatera SIDA gakwirakwizwa cyane cyane no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kibuno no mu kanwa ), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zo mu bwoko bwa “hypodermic”, no kuva kuri nyina kugeza ku mwana mu gihe atwite, abyara cyangwa yonsa.<ref name="TransmissionM2007">{{Cite book|veditors=Rom WN, Markowitz SB|title=Environmental and occupational medicine|year=2007|publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer]]/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6299-1|page=745|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&pg=PA745|edition=4th|df=mdy-all|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911155744/https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&pg=PA745|archive-date=September 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Amwe mu mazi yo mu mubiri, nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo yanduza virusi.<ref name="CDCtransmission">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|year=2003|url=https://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm|title=HIV and Its Transmission|access-date=May 23, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204141148/http://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm|archive-date=February 4, 2005}}</ref> VIH ni kimwe mu bigize itsinda rya virusi zizwi nka retroviruses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Retrovirus Definition|url=https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/634/retrovirus|website=AIDSinfo|access-date=December 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228142824/https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/634/retrovirus|archive-date=December 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburyo bwo kwirinda burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye, gahunda zo guhererekanya inshinge, kuvura abanduye, kwirinda mbere na nyuma yo guhura n'icyorezo, no [[Gusiramura|gukebwa kw'abagabo]].<ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{Cite web|title=HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|access-date=February 11, 2016|date=November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217160830/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|archive-date=February 17, 2016}}</ref> Indwara ku mwana ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu guha umubyeyi n'umwana imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Nta muti cyangwa urukingo bihari; icyakora, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ishobora kugabanya igihe cy'uburwayi kandi igatuma umuntu abaho ubuzima busanzwe.<ref name="CDC21015Bas">{{Cite web|title=About HIV/AIDS|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|website=CDC|access-date=February 11, 2016|date=December 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224101946/http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|archive-date=February 24, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UN2012Vac">{{Cite news|title=The quest for an HIV vaccine|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|date=May 18, 2012|last=UNAIDS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524051113/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|archive-date=May 24, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bugirwa inama yo guhita butangira gupimwa.<ref name="WHO2015Tx">{{Cite book|title=Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV|date=2015|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-150956-5|page=13|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014071803/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=October 14, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Hatabayeho kuvurwa, igihe mpuzandengo cyo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni 11&nbsp;imyaka.<ref name="UNAIDS2007">{{Cite web|last=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], World Health Organization|date=December 2007|title=2007 AIDS epidemic update|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|access-date=March 12, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527201701/http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|archive-date=May 27, 2008}}</ref> Mu 2021, abantu bagera kuri 38&nbsp;Abantu miliyoni ku isi babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA kandi hapfuye abantu 650.000.<ref name="UN2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2022 fact sheet|website=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]|access-date=July 20, 2023|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204021652/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf|title=Fact Sheet - World AIDS Day 2019|website=www.unaids.org|access-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165100/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf|archive-date=December 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateye abantu bagera kuri 32&nbsp;miliyoni z'abapfuye ku isi yose.<ref name="UN2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2019 fact sheet|website=www.unaids.org|language=en|access-date=2019-12-21|publisher=UNAIDS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204021652/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|archive-date=December 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> VIH/SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo —icyorezo kigaragara mu gace kanini kandi kirimo gukwirakwira cyane.<ref name="Kallings">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kallings LO|title=The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-internal-medicine_2008-03_263_3/page/n7|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=263|issue=3|pages=218–43|date=March 2008|pmid=18205765|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x}}(subscription required)</ref> Agakoko gatera SIDA kavuye ku zindi nyamaswa z’inkende kagera ku bantu bo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza hagati mu kinyejana cya 20.<ref name="Orgin2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sharp PM, Hahn BH|title=Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=1|issue=1|page=a006841|date=September 2011|pmid=22229120|pmc=3234451|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006841}}</ref> SIDA yamenyekanye bwa mbere n’Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi icyayiteye—ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA—yamenyekanye mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gallo RC|title=A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years|journal=[[Retrovirology (journal)|Retrovirology]]|volume=3|issue=1|page=72|date=October 2006|pmid=17054781|pmc=1629027|doi=10.1186/1742-4690-3-72}}</ref> VIH/SIDA yagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri sosiyete, haba nk'indwara ndetse n'ivangura.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4">{{Cite book|publisher=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]|year=2006|title=2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic|chapter=The impact of AIDS on people and societies|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf|isbn=978-92-9173-479-5|access-date=July 28, 2020|archive-date=October 4, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004001821/http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4" /> Hari ibitekerezo byinshi bitari byo kuri VIH/SIDA, nko kwizera ko ishobora kwanduzwa no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo busanzwe.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Myth Busters|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=351|issue=6268|pages=35|url=http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|access-date=February 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222160217/http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|archive-date=February 22, 2016|bibcode=2016Sci...351...35E|last=Endersby|first=Jim|year=2016|doi=10.1126/science.aad2891}}</ref> Iyi ndwara imaze kuvugwaho impaka nyinshi zijyanye n'amadini, harimo n'uko Kiliziya Gatolika ifata icyemezo cyo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa [[Agakingirizo|ry'agakingirizo]] mu kwirinda.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCullom|first=Rob|title=An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|website=The Atlantic|access-date=February 14, 2016|date=February 26, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308135849/http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|archive-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> Yakuruye ibitekerezo mpuzamahanga by’ubuvuzi na politiki ndetse n’inkunga nini kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya 1980.<ref name="isbn1-59797-294-0">{{Cite book|last=Harden, Victoria Angela|title=AIDS at 30: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/aidsat30history0000hard|publisher=Potomac Books Inc|location=|year=2012|page=[https://archive.org/details/aidsat30history0000hard/page/324 324]|isbn=978-1-59797-294-9|oclc=|doi=}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] juzwtccyu70551pk6lesqswcx0767l2 0 23320 149365 144840 2026-11-07T21:04:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Pulmonary embolism|synonym=|image=SaddlePE.PNG|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Chest spiral [[CT scan]] with [[radiocontrast]] agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation ("saddle" pulmonary embolism) and in the [[pulmonary artery|pulmonary arteries]]|pronounce=|field=[[Hematology]], [[cardiology]], [[pulmonology]]|symptoms=[[dyspnea|Shortness of breath]], [[chest pain]], coughing up blood<ref name=NIH2011Sym/>|complications=[[Syncope (medicine)|Passing out]], [[shock (circulatory)|abnormally low blood pressure]], [[cardiac arrest|sudden death]]<ref name=Goldhaber/>|onset=Advanced age<ref name=NIH2011Risk/>|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=[[Cancer]], prolonged [[bed rest]], [[smoking]], [[stroke]], certain [[genetics|genetic]] conditions, [[hormone replacement therapy|estrogen-based medication]], [[pregnancy]], [[obesity]], after surgery<ref name=NIH2011Risk/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[D-dimer]], [[CT pulmonary angiography]], [[lung ventilation/perfusion scan]]<ref name=NIH2011Diag/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=[[Anticoagulant]]s ([[heparin]], [[warfarin]], [[DOACs]])<ref name=Chest2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, Huisman M, King CS, Morris TA, Sood N, Stevens SM, Vintch JR, Wells P, Woller SC, Moores L | display-authors = 6 | title = Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report | journal = Chest | volume = 149 | issue = 2 | pages = 315–352 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26867832 | doi = 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 }}</ref>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=~450,000 per year (USA), 430,000 (Europe)<ref name=NIH2011What>{{cite web|title=What Is Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312125204/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe|archive-date=12 March 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312125204/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe |date=12 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Epi2005"/><ref name=Ras2014/>|deaths=50,000–200,000 per year (USA)<ref name=Epi2005/><ref name="Robbins Pathology"/>|video1=|named after=}}'''Kuziba kw'imitsi y'ibihaha''' ('''PE''') ni ukuziba kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu bihaha bitewe n'ikintu cyavuye ahandi mu mubiri kinyuze mu maraso (embolism). Ibimenyetso bya PE bishobora kuba birimo kubura umwuka, kubabara mu gatuza cyane cyane iyo umuntu ahumeka, no gukorora amaraso.<ref name=NIH2011Sym>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/signs|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014739/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/signs|archive-date=9 March 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014739/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/signs |date=9 March 2016 }}</ref> Ibimenyetso by'amaraso yapfutse mu kaguru bishobora no kugaragara, nko kuguru gutukura, gushyuha, kubyimba no kubabara. Ibimenyetso bya PE birimo urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso ruke, guhumeka vuba, umutima utera cyane, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'umuriro muto.<ref name="Tint2010">{{Cite book|last=Tintinalli|first=Judith E.|title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies|location=New York|year=2010|pages=432|edition=7|isbn=978-0-07-148480-0}}</ref> Indwara zikomeye zishobora gutera gucika intege, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka cyane, ndetse n'urupfu rutunguranye.<ref name="Goldhaber">{{Cite book|vauthors=Goldhaber SZ|veditors=Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/harrisonsprincip0000denn_n2s5|edition=16th|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-07-139140-5|pages=1561–65|chapter=Pulmonary thromboembolism|display-editors=etal}}</ref> Ubusanzwe PE iterwa no kuzura kw'amaraso mu kaguru kakajya mu bihaha. Ibyago byo kuvura amaraso byiyongera bitewe na [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], kuryama igihe kirekire ku buriri, kunywa itabi, gucika intege mu bwonko, indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo, [[Uburyo bwo kuvura imisemburo|imiti ikomoka kuri estrogen]], [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], umubyibuho ukabije, ndetse na nyuma yo kubagwa. Igice gito cy'ibibazo biterwa no kwiyongera k'umwuka, ibinure, cyangwa amazi yo mu nda.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pantaleo G, Luigi N, Federica T, Paola S, Margherita N, Tahir M|title=Amniotic fluid embolism: review|journal=Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology|volume=14|issue=14|pages=1163–7|date=2014|pmid=24804726|doi=10.2174/1389201015666140430161404}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bihujwe n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini.<ref name=NIH2011Diag>{{cite web|title=How Is Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/diagnosis|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407071108/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/diagnosis|archive-date=7 April 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407071108/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/diagnosis |date=7 April 2016 }}</ref> Iyo ibyago biri hasi, ikizamini cy'amaraso kizwi nka D-dimer gishobora kugaragaza ko nta kibazo kirimo.<ref name=NIH2011Diag /> Bitabaye ibyo, CT pulmonary angiography, isuzuma ry’imitsi mu bihaha, cyangwa ultrasound y’amaguru bishobora kwemeza ko ari byo byagaragaye. Hamwe na hamwe, thrombosis y'imitsi yo mu bwonko iteye imbere na PE bizwi nka thromboembolism y'imitsi yo mu bwonko (VTE). Mu bikorwa byo gukumira indwara ya PE harimo gutangira kwimuka vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kubagwa, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo hasi mu gihe cyo kwicara, no gukoresha imiti igabanya amaraso nyuma yo kubagwa ubwoko bumwe na bumwe. Ubuvuzi bukorwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya amaraso nka heparin, warfarin cyangwa imwe muri iyo miti igabanya amaraso mu kanwa (DOACs).<ref name="Chest2016">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, Huisman M, King CS, Morris TA, Sood N, Stevens SM, Vintch JR, Wells P, Woller SC, Moores L | display-authors = 6 | title = Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report | journal = Chest | volume = 149 | issue = 2 | pages = 315–352 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26867832 | doi = 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026 }}</ref> Ibi bigirwa inama yo kubikoresha nibura amezi atatu. Indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba ko habaho thrombolysis hakoreshejwe imiti nka tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) itangwa mu mitsi cyangwa binyuze muri catheter, kandi zimwe zishobora gusaba kubagwa (pulmonary thrombectomy).<ref name=NIH2011Tx>{{cite web|title=How Is Pulmonary Embolism Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/treatment|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014151/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/treatment|archive-date=9 March 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309014151/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/treatment |date=9 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Or2020">{{Cite journal|last=Ortel|first=Thomas L.|last2=Neumann|first2=Ignacio|last3=Ageno|first3=Walter|last4=Beyth|first4=Rebecca|last5=Clark|first5=Nathan P.|last6=Cuker|first6=Adam|last7=Hutten|first7=Barbara A.|last8=Jaff|first8=Michael R.|last9=Manja|first9=Veena|last10=Schulman|first10=Sam|last11=Thurston|first11=Caitlin|last12=Vedantham|first12=Suresh|last13=Verhamme|first13=Peter|last14=Witt|first14=Daniel M.|last15=D. Florez|first15=Ivan|title=American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism|journal=Blood Advances|date=13 October 2020|volume=4|issue=19|pages=4693–4738|doi=10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> Niba imiti igabanya amaraso idakwiye, ushobora gukoresha akayunguruzo k'agateganyo ka vena cava. Indwara yo mu bihaha yibasira abantu bagera ku 430.000 buri mwaka mu Burayi.<ref name="Ras2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, Buller H, Gallus A, Hunt BJ, Hylek EM, Kakkar A, Konstantinides SV, McCumber M, Ozaki Y, Wendelboe A, Weitz JI|display-authors=6|title=Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden|journal=Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology|volume=34|issue=11|pages=2363–71|date=November 2014|pmid=25304324|doi=10.1161/atvbaha.114.304488|doi-access=free}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu bari hagati ya 300.000 na 600.000 bandura buri mwaka,<ref name="Epi2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rahimtoola A, Bergin JD|title=Acute pulmonary embolism: an update on diagnosis and management|journal=Current Problems in Cardiology|volume=30|issue=2|pages=61–114|date=February 2005|pmid=15650680|doi=10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2004.06.001}}</ref> bigatuma impfu ziri hagati ya 50.000 <ref name="Epi2005" /> na 200.000.<ref name="Robbins Pathology">{{Cite book|vauthors=Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|page=98}}</ref> Igipimo cy’indwara y’igitsina gabo n’igitsina gore kirangana.<ref name=NIH2011Risk>{{cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for Pulmonary Embolism?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/atrisk|website=NHLBI|access-date=12 March 2016|date=July 1, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215115545/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/atrisk|archive-date=15 February 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215115545/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/atrisk |date=15 February 2016 }}</ref> Bigenda birushaho kuba byinshi uko abantu bagenda bakura. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 2tp5lmjieg7j7tm02lzq6nhqp93vuzk 0 23322 149372 145359 2026-11-07T21:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oxycodone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''OxyContin''' n'indi, ni umuti wa opioid ukoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare buri hagati kugeza ku bukomere. Ubusanzwe ifatwa mu kanwa, kandi iboneka mu buryo bworoshye kandi bugenzurwa.<ref name=AHFS2018>{{cite web |title=Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=28 December 2018 |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228174726/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oxycodone.html |date=28 December 2018 }}</ref> Gutangira kugabanya ububabare bitangira mu minota 15 bikamara amasaha agera kuri atandatu iyo umuti utangiye gusohoka ako kanya.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Mu Bwongereza, iboneka hakoreshejwe inshinge.<ref name="BNF74">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 74|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join|date=2017|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0857112989|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join/page/n465 442]|edition=74}}</ref> Ibikoresho bivanze biraboneka kandi hamwe na parasetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, naloxone, na aspirine.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo [[impatwe]], isesemi, gusinzira, isereri, uburyaryate, kuma mu kanwa no kubira ibyuya . Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kuba umuntu urwaye indwara yo mu mutwe, kwiheba mu myanya y'ubuhumekero (kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso), no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Abantu bafite ubwivumbure kuri codeine bashobora no kuba bafite ubwivumbure kuri oxycodone.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Gukoresha oxycodone mu gihe cyo gutwita bigaragara ko nta kibazo kirimo.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Kureka opioid bishobora kubaho iyo bihagaritswe vuba.<ref name=AHFS2018 /> Oxycodone ikora binyuze mu gukora receptor ya μ-opioid.<ref name="TalleyFrankum2015">{{Cite book|last=Nicholas J Talley|last2=Brad Frankum|last3=David Currow|title=Essentials of Internal Medicine 3e|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Zq9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA491|date=10 February 2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7295-8081-6|pages=491–|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803114730/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Zq9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA491|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo inyowe mu kanwa, igira ingaruka zikubye inshuro 1.5 z'ingano ingana na morphine . Oxycodone yakozwe bwa mbere mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] mu 1916 ivanywe muri thebaine.<ref name="Oxysynthesis2005">{{Cite book|last=Sneader, W.|title=Drug discovery: a history|url=https://archive.org/details/drugdiscoveryhis0000snea|publisher=Wiley|year=2005|location=Hoboken, NJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/drugdiscoveryhis0000snea/page/119 119]|isbn=978-0-471-89980-8}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi yatanzwe n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima nk'umusimbura wa morphine.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe . Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cya buri dose kiri munsi ya 0.30$ y'Amerika mu 2018. Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 52 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 15. Oxycodone yabaye ikiyobyabwenge gikunze gukoreshwa cyane.<ref name="Per2018" /> Hari imiti myinshi igabanya ubukana bw'ihohoterwa iboneka, urugero nk'iyo ivanze na naloxone.<ref name="Per2018">{{Cite journal|last=Pergolizzi JV|first=Jr|last2=Taylor R|first2=Jr|last3=LeQuang|first3=JA|last4=Raffa|first4=RB|title=Managing severe pain and abuse potential: the potential impact of a new abuse-deterrent formulation oxycodone/naltrexone extended-release product.|journal=Journal of Pain Research|date=2018|volume=11|pages=301–311|doi=10.2147/JPR.S127602|pmid=29445297|pmc=5810535}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dart|first=RC|last2=Iwanicki|first2=JL|last3=Dasgupta|first3=N|last4=Cicero|first4=TJ|last5=Schnoll|first5=SH|title=Do abuse deterrent opioid formulations work?|journal=Journal of Opioid Management|date=2017|volume=13|issue=6|pages=365–378|doi=10.5055/jom.2017.0415|pmid=29308584}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] tciw58vc26l3evay4j2u12h9aa7t8ox 0 23328 149249 145224 2026-11-07T19:38:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fluoxetine''', igurishwa ku mazina y’ibirango bya '''Prozac''' na '''Sarafem''' n’ibindi, ni umuti ugabanya ubukana bw’indwara zo mu bwoko bwa serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Fluoxetine Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/fluoxetine-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208193110/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/fluoxetine-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Indwara idahwitse|indwara yo kudakora ku bushake]] (OCD), bulimia nervosa, indwara yo gucika intege, n'indwara yo kudakora ku mutima mbere yo gushyingirwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwiyahura ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Yanakoreshejwe mu kuvura gusohora imburagihe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Fluoxetine ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubura ibiribwa, gusinzira nabi, kudakora neza mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kuma mu kanwa, kubyimba no kurota inzozi zidasanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo serotonin syndrome, mania, igicuri, ibyago byinshi byo kwiyahura ku bantu bari munsi y'imyaka 25, ndetse n'ibyago byinshi byo kuva amaraso.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Iyo ihagaritswe mu buryo butunguranye, indwara yo kwiheba ishobora gutera guhangayika, isereri, n'impinduka mu buryo umuntu yumva.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntibirasobanuka neza niba ari byiza mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]].<ref name="PB2015" /> Niba waramaze gufata umuti, byaba byiza gukomeza mu gihe cyo konsa.<ref name="PB2015">{{Cite web|title=Fluoxetine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/fluoxetine.html|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831221820/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/fluoxetine.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> Imikorere yayo ntabwo isobanutse neza ariko bikekwa ko ifitanye isano no kongera imikorere ya serotonin mu bwonko.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Fluoxetine yavumbuwe na Eli Lilly and Company mu 1972, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=Richard L.|title=The 100 most important chemical compounds: a reference guide|date=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=978-0-313-33758-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/100mostimportant0000myer/page/128 128]|edition=1st|url=https://archive.org/details/100mostimportant0000myer|url-access=registration}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.01 na 0.04 {{US$}} {{US$}} ku munsi guhera mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite book|veditors=Frye JE, Johnson K|publisher=Management Sciences for Health|location=Medford, Massachusetts|chapter=Fluoxetine|title=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|chapter-url=http://mshpriceguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MSH-International-Drug-Price-Indicator-Guide-2014.pdf|date=2014|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224102305/http://mshpriceguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MSH-International-Drug-Price-Indicator-Guide-2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], igura hafi {{US$}} 0.85 ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 31 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 21.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Fluoxetine Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/FluoxetineHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411214354/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/FluoxetineHydrochloride|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] md6u10zclnnm6ehp5qjm76i4r5m27jc 0 23330 149334 145259 2026-11-07T20:39:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Myasthenia gravis|synonym=|image=DiplopiaMG1.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Strabismus|Eye deviation]] and a [[ptosis (eyelid)|drooping eyelid]] in a person with myasthenia gravis trying to open her eyes|pronounce=|field=[[Neurology]]|symptoms=Varying degrees [[muscle weakness]], [[diplopia|double vision]], [[ptosis (eyelid)|drooping eyelid]]s, trouble talking, trouble walking<ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Myasthenia Gravis Fact Sheet|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/myasthenia_gravis/detail_myasthenia_gravis.htm|website=NINDS|access-date=8 August 2016|date=May 10, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727230213/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/myasthenia_gravis/detail_myasthenia_gravis.htm|archive-date=27 July 2016}}</ref>|complications=|onset=Women under 40, men over 60<ref name="NIH2016" />|duration=Long term<ref name="NIH2016" />|types=|causes=[[Autoimmune disease]]<ref name="NIH2016" />|risks=|diagnosis=Blood tests for specific [[antibodies]], [[edrophonium test]], [[nerve conduction studies]]<ref name="NIH2016" />|differential=[[Guillain–Barré syndrome]], [[botulism]], [[organophosphate poisoning]], [[brainstem stroke]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kahan|first1=Scott|title=In a Page: Neurology|date=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-1-4051-0432-6|pages = 118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSlFA8B24FgC&pg=PA118|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162031/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSlFA8B24FgC&pg=PA118|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=Medications, [[thymectomy|surgical removal of the thymus]], [[plasmapheresis]]<ref name="NIH2016" />|medication=[[Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]s ([[neostigmine]], [[pyridostigmine]]), [[immunosuppressants]]<ref name="NIH2016" />|prognosis=|frequency=50 to 200 per million<ref name="Kam2009" /><ref name="Adams2012" />|deaths=|video1=|named after=}}'''Myasthenia gravis''' ( '''MG''' ) ni indwara y'imitsi ifata imitsi mu gihe kirekire iganisha ku ntege nke z'imitsi mu buryo butandukanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Imitsi ikunze kwibasirwa cyane ni iyo mu maso, mu maso no mu mitsi yo kumira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Bishobora gutuma umuntu abona ibintu bibiri, amaso ye akagira amagufwa, avuga nabi, ndetse akagenda nabi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Gutangira bishobora kuba mu buryo butunguranye.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Abarwaye akenshi baba bafite thymus nini cyangwa bakagira thymoma.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Myasthenia gravis ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukingira cyangwa tugasenya uduce twa nikotine acetylcholine aho imitsi n’imitsi bihurira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi birinda imitsi gutera imitsi gucika intege.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Imiti imwe ishobora kongera intege nke.<ref name="medscape">{{Cite web|title=Emergent Management of Myasthenia Gravis: Overview, Patient History, Physical Examination|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793136-overview#a2|website=emedicine|access-date=1 February 2022|date=20 September 2018|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105151324/https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793136-overview#a2|url-status=live}}</ref> Ni gake cyane, inenge y’uturemangingo mu mikoranire y’imitsi itera indwara nk’iyo izwi nka myasthenia yo mu maraso.<ref name="Kandel2012">{{Cite book|title=Principles of Neural Science|edition=5|pages=318–319|year=2012}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vrinten C, van der Zwaag AM, Weinreich SS, Scholten RJ, Verschuuren JJ|title=Ephedrine for myasthenia gravis, neonatal myasthenia and the congenital myasthenic syndromes|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=12|issue=12|pages=CD010028|date=December 2014|pmid=25515947|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010028.pub2}}</ref> Abana b'ababyeyi bafite indwara ya myasthenia bashobora kugira ibimenyetso mu mezi yabo ya mbere y'ubuzima, bizwi nka myasthenia y'impinja.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Gusuzuma bishobora gushyigikirwa n'ibizamini by'amaraso ku byerekeye uturemangingo twihariye, ikizamini cya edrophonium, cyangwa inyigo yo kuyobora imitsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri rusange, indwara ya Myasthenia gravis ivurwa n'imiti izwi nka acetylcholinesterase inhibitors nka neostigmine na pyridostigmine.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka prednisone cyangwa azathioprine, nayo ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Gukuraho thymus bishobora kongerera ibimenyetso mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Plasmapheresis na immunoglobulin yo mu mitsi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe habayeho kugurumana gutunguranye kw'indwara.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Iyo imitsi yo guhumeka icitse intege cyane, hashobora kuba ngombwa guhumeka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "mechanical air conditioner".<ref name="NIH2016" /> Iyo imiti ibuza acetylcholinesterase ikoreshejwe mu muyoboro ishobora gufatwa by'agateganyo kugira ngo igabanye imyuka y'ubuhumekero.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Godoy|first=DA|last2=Mello|first2=LJ|last3=Masotti|first3=L|last4=Di Napoli|first4=M|title=The myasthenic patient in crisis: an update of the management in Neurointensive Care Unit.|journal=Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria|date=September 2013|volume=71|issue=9A|pages=627–39|doi=10.1590/0004-282X20130108|pmid=24141444|doi-access=free}}</ref> MG ifata abantu 50 kugeza kuri 200 kuri miliyoni.<ref name="Kam2009">{{Cite book|last=Kaminski|first=Henry J.|title=Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59745-156-7|page=72|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DampyXkudq8C&pg=PA72|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162031/https://books.google.com/books?id=DampyXkudq8C&pg=PA72|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Adams2012">{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=James G.|title=Emergency Medicine: Clinical Essentials|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-3394-1|page=844|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA844|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162031/https://books.google.com/books?id=rpoH-KYE93IC&pg=PA844|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ivurwa vuba mu bantu batatu kugeza kuri 30 kuri miliyoni buri mwaka.<ref name="McG2010" /> Gusuzuma indwara biri kugenda birushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kwiyongera k'ubumenyi.<ref name="McG2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=McGrogan A, Sneddon S, de Vries CS|title=The incidence of myasthenia gravis: a systematic literature review|journal=Neuroepidemiology|volume=34|issue=3|pages=171–183|year=2010|pmid=20130418|doi=10.1159/000279334}}</ref> Ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore bari munsi y'imyaka 40 no ku bagabo bari hejuru y'imyaka 60.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ni ibidasanzwe ku bana.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Iyo umuntu avuwe, abenshi mu barwaye babayeho ubuzima busanzwe kandi bafite igihe cyo kubaho gisanzwe.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Iryo jambo rikomoka ku [[Ikigereki|kigereki]] "mys" "muscle" na "astheneia" "weakness", naho mu [[Ikilatini|kilatini]] "gravis" "serious".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ehrlich|first=Ann|last2=Schroeder|first2=Carol L.|title=Introduction to Medical Terminology|date=2014|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-95174-2|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4HwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908162031/https://books.google.com/books?id=o4HwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] jmc9n7ulrg1z2qa2rxjr077ij1lcvu2 0 23336 149357 145152 2026-11-07T20:59:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulfure''' ikoreshwa nk'umuti uvura ibihumyo n'inda; harimo umutwe, umubiri, n'inda zo mu gitsina. Izindi ngaruka zirimo [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]], rosacea, tinea, ibiheri, na seborrheic dermatitis. Bishyirwa ku ruhu.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zirimo kuba impumuro mbi ishobora gutera dermatitis. Gukoresha bisa nkaho ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa, keretse hafi y'ibere.<ref name=Wol2019>{{cite book |last1=Wolverton |first1=Stephen E. |last2=Wu |first2=Jashin J. |title=Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy |date=14 December 2019 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-61212-8 |page=611 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=jPrDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA611 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2023 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216025154/https://books.google.ca/books?id=jPrDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA611#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216025154/https://books.google.ca/books?id=jPrDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA611 |date=16 December 2023 }}</ref> Ishobora kwihanganirwa kurusha peroxide ya benzoyl.<ref name=Wol2019 /> Ikora nk'ikintu gitera keratolytic kandi ikica bagiteri, udukoko, n'ibihumyo.<ref name=Wol2019 /> Mu rwego rwa shimi, ni octasulfur isanzwe (S ₈ ).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Steudel|first=Ralf|last2=Göbel|first2=Thomas|last3=Holdt|first3=Gabriele|title=The Molecular Composition of Hydrophilic Sulfur Sols Prepared by Acid Decomposition of Thiosulfate [1]|journal=Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B|date=1 February 1988|volume=43|issue=2|pages=203–218|doi=10.1515/znb-1988-0212}}</ref> Sulfure ifite amateka yo gukoreshwa mu buvuzi kuva nibura mu gihe cya Hippocrates. Nubwo itaremerwa ku mugaragaro kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buvuzi bwihariye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, irashobora kuboneka ku giciro cya muganga guhera mu 2020. Yemerewe gukoreshwa muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]].<ref name=UM2020>{{cite web |last1=Yuen |first1=Melissa |title=Precipitated Sulfur: Summary Report |url=https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/handle/10713/12274/Precipitated%20sulfur_Final_2020_02.pdf?sequence=6 |access-date=15 December 2023 |date=2020 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216025157/https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/handle/10713/12274/Precipitated%20sulfur_Final_2020_02.pdf?sequence=6 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216025157/https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/handle/10713/12274/Precipitated%20sulfur_Final_2020_02.pdf?sequence=6 |date=16 December 2023 }}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi yatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima nk'umusimbura wa benzyl benzoate.<ref name="WHO23rd" /> Bishobora kandi kwiyongeraho [[farumasi]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chiu|first=S|last2=Argaez|first2=C|title=Ivermectin for Parasitic Skin Infections of Scabies: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines|journal=CADTH Rapid Response Reports|date=16 May 2019|pmid=31424718}}</ref> Muri rusange ntabwo bihenze. Mu buvuzi ni bwo bwoko bwa sulfure bukoreshwa cyane. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 43p4outmcmdyhpdvikghwsywaryroz8 0 23338 149390 145214 2026-11-07T21:13:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Myocardial infarction (old).jpg|thumb|Indwara y'umutima]] '''Indwara y'umutima''' ( '''MI''' ), izwi kandi nk'indwara '''y'umutima''', ibaho iyo amaraso atembera cyangwa agahagarara mu gice [[Umutima|cy'umutima]], bigatera kwangirika kw'imitsi y'umutima.<ref name=HLB2014>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=23 February 2015|date=September 29, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224034615/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|archive-date=24 February 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224034615/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs |date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ni ububabare bwo mu gituza cyangwa kubabara mu gatuza bishobora kugera mu rutugu, mu kuboko, mu mugongo, mu ijosi cyangwa mu rwasaya.<ref name=HLB2014 /> Akenshi biba hagati cyangwa ibumoso bw'igituza kandi bikamara iminota irenga mike.<ref name=HLB2014 /> Ubwo burwayi bushobora rimwe na rimwe kumva nk'umuriro ushyuha.<ref name=HLB2014 /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kubura umwuka, isesemi, kumva nta cyo ushoboye, ibyuya bikonje cyangwa kumva unaniwe . Abantu bagera kuri 30% bafite ibimenyetso bidasanzwe.<ref name="Europe2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Steg PG, James SK, Atar D, Badano LP, Blömstrom-Lundqvist C, Borger MA, Di Mario C, Dickstein K, Ducrocq G, Fernandez-Aviles F, Gershlick AH, Giannuzzi P, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Juni P, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Lenzen MJ, Mahaffey KW, Valgimigli M, van 't Hof A, Widimsky P, Zahger D|display-authors=6|title=ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=33|issue=20|pages=2569–619|date=October 2012|pmid=22922416|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehs215|doi-access=free}}</ref> Abagore bakunze kugaragara badababara mu gituza ahubwo bababara mu ijosi, mu kuboko cyangwa bakumva bananiwe.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Coventry LL, Finn J, Bremner AP|title=Sex differences in symptom presentation in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_heart-lung_november-december-2011_40_6/page/477|journal=Heart & Lung|volume=40|issue=6|pages=477–91|date=2011|pmid=22000678|doi=10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.05.001}}</ref> Mu bantu barengeje imyaka 75, abagera kuri 5% barwaye indwara ya MI badafite ibimenyetso byinshi cyangwa nta na kimwe bagaragaje.<ref name="Val2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Valensi P, Lorgis L, Cottin Y|title=Prevalence, incidence, predictive factors and prognosis of silent myocardial infarction: a review of the literature|journal=Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases|volume=104|issue=3|pages=178–88|date=March 2011|pmid=21497307|doi=10.1016/j.acvd.2010.11.013|doi-access=free}}</ref> Indwara ya MI ishobora gutera umutima guhagarara nabi, umutima utera nabi, umutima uhungabana cyangwa umutima ugahagarara . Indwara nyinshi zo mu mutwe ziterwa n'indwara y'imitsi ifata imitsi y'umutima . Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara birimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kunywa itabi, diyabete, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, umubyibuho ukabije, cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso, indyo mbi no kunywa inzoga nyinshi.<ref name="Meh2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mehta PK, Wei J, Wenger NK|title=Ischemic heart disease in women: a focus on risk factors|journal=Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=25|issue=2|pages=140–51|date=February 2015|pmid=25453985|pmc=4336825|doi=10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005}}</ref> Ubusanzwe, imikorere y’imitsi y’umutima ifunga burundu bitewe no gucika kw’imitsi ya atherosclerotic plaque.<ref name=HLB2013MI>{{cite web|title=What Is a Heart Attack?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=24 February 2015|date=December 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219152830/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/|archive-date=19 February 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219152830/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/ |date=19 February 2015 }}</ref> Ntabwo zikunze guterwa no kubabara mu mitsi y'umutima, bishobora guterwa na [[kokayine]], stress ikomeye mu byiyumvo ndetse n'ubukonje bukabije, n'ibindi.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Devlin RJ, Henry JA|title=Clinical review: Major consequences of illicit drug consumption|journal=Critical Care|volume=12|issue=1|pages=202|date=2008|pmid=18279535|pmc=2374627|doi=10.1186/cc6166}}</ref> Ibipimo byinshi ni ingirakamaro mu gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara, harimo electrocardiograms (ECGs), ibizamini by'amaraso, na angiography y'umutima . ECG, ari na yo nyandiko igaragaza imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima, ishobora kwemeza ko umutima urwaye indwara ya occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) iyo hari ST elevation MI (STEMI) cyangwa STEMI ingana nayo.<ref name="Europe2012" /> Ibipimo by'amaraso bikunze gukoreshwa birimo troponin na creatine kinase MB idakunze gukoreshwa.<ref name=HLB2013D>{{cite web|title=How Is a Heart Attack Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/diagnosis|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=24 February 2015|date=December 17, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224044949/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/diagnosis|archive-date=24 February 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224044949/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack/diagnosis |date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> Kuvura indwara ya MI ni ingenzi cyane.<ref name="Davidsons2010">{{Cite book|last=Britton|first=the editors Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; illustrated by Robert|title=Davidson's principles and practice of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/davidsonsprincip0000unse_p2i4_21ed|date=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-7020-3085-7|edition=21st|pages=[https://archive.org/details/davidsonsprincip0000unse_p2i4_21ed/page/n605 588]–599}}</ref> Asipirine ni uburyo bwo kuvura bwihuse umuntu ukekwaho kuba afite MI.<ref name="Oc2010" /> Nitroglycerin cyangwa opioids bishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha kubabara mu gatuza; icyakora, ntabwo byongera umusaruro muri rusange.<ref name="Europe2012" /><ref name="Oc2010" /> Ogisijeni y'inyongera irasabwa ku bantu bafite ogisijeni nke cyangwa bafite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi.<ref name="Oc2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, Diercks D, Egan J, Ghaemmaghami C, Menon V, O'Neil BJ, Travers AH, Yannopoulos D|display-authors=6|title=Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care|journal=Circulation|volume=122|issue=18 Suppl 3|pages=S787–817|date=November 2010|pmid=20956226|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971028|doi-access=free}}</ref> Muri STEMI, uburyo bwo kuvura bugerageza gusubiza amaraso mu mutima kandi burimo uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z’umutima (PCI), aho imitsi ifunguka igashobora kuba ifite stent, cyangwa thrombolysis, aho kuziba kw’imitsi gukurwaho hakoreshejwe imiti.<ref name="Europe2012" /> Abantu bafite indwara ya NSTEMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) akenshi bavurwa na heparin yoroshya amaraso, hamwe n'ikoreshwa rya PCI ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi.<ref name="Oc2010" /> Ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kuziba kw'imitsi myinshi y'umutima na diyabete, kubagwa imitsi y'umutima (CABG) bishobora kuba ari byiza aho kubagwa angioplasty.<ref name="Hamm2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, Caso P, Dudek D, Gielen S, Huber K, Ohman M, Petrie MC, Sonntag F, Uva MS, Storey RF, Wijns W, Zahger D|display-authors=6|title=ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=32|issue=23|pages=2999–3054|date=December 2011|pmid=21873419|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehr236|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nyuma yo kuvurwa indwara ya MI, guhindura imibereho, hamwe no kuvurwa igihe kirekire na aspirine, beta blockers na statins, ni byo bikunze kuba byiza.<ref name="Europe2012" /> Ku isi yose, mu 2015 habaye indwara z’umutima zigera kuri miliyoni 15.9 <ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Abantu barenga miliyoni 3 bari bafite ST elevation MI, naho abarenga miliyoni 4 bari bafite NSTEMI.<ref name="Lancet08">{{Cite journal|vauthors=White HD, Chew DP|title=Acute myocardial infarction|journal=Lancet|volume=372|issue=9638|pages=570–84|date=August 2008|pmid=18707987|pmc=1931354|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61237-4}}</ref> STEMIs ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo inshuro ebyiri kurusha abagore.<ref name="AHA2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, Ettinger SM, Fang JC, Fesmire FM, Franklin BA, Granger CB, Krumholz HM, Linderbaum JA, Morrow DA, Newby LK, Ornato JP, Ou N, Radford MJ, Tamis-Holland JE, Tommaso CL, Tracy CM, Woo YJ, Zhao DX, Anderson JL, Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Brindis RG, Creager MA, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, Stevenson WG, Yancy CW|display-authors=6|title=2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines|journal=Circulation|volume=127|issue=4|pages=e362–425|date=January 2013|pmid=23247304|doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6|doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe bagira MI buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mu bihugu byateye imbere, ibyago byo gupfa ku bantu barwaye STEMI ni hafi 10%.<ref name="Europe2012" /> Igipimo cya MI ku myaka runaka cyaragabanutse ku isi hagati ya 1990 na 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Flaxman A, Murray CJ, Naghavi M|display-authors=6|title=The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study|journal=Circulation|volume=129|issue=14|pages=1493–501|date=April 2014|pmid=24573351|pmc=4181601|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.113.004046}}</ref> Mu 2011, MI yari imwe mu ndwara eshanu za mbere zihenze cyane mu gihe cyo kurara mu bitaro muri Amerika, aho yatwaye hafi miliyari 11.5 z'amadolari ku bantu 612.000 barara mu bitaro. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 752uxrf25qpezroraxbjucux9ble142 0 23342 149367 145622 2026-11-07T21:04:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Phencyclidine-from-xtal-3D-sticks.png|thumb|Phencyclidine]] '''Phencyclidine''' cyangwa '''phenylcyclohexyl piperidine''' ( '''PCP''' ), izwi kandi nka '''angel dust''' n'andi mazina, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu ngaruka zawo zihindura ubwenge. PCP ishobora gutera kubona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo, kumva amajwi mu buryo butari bwo, ndetse no kugira imyitwarire mibi.<ref name="Bush2013">{{Cite journal|last=Bush|first=DM|title=Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)|journal=In: The CBHSQ Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2013–|date=2013|pmid=27656747|quote=PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence}}</ref> Nk'ikiyobyabwenge gikoreshwa mu kwidagadura, akenshi kinyobwa, ariko gishobora kunyobwa mu kanwa, kunyobwa, cyangwa guterwa inshinge.<ref name="Bush2013" /> Ishobora kandi kuvangwa n'urumogi cyangwa itabi.<ref name=Jus2003>{{cite web|title=PCP Fast Facts|url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4440/|publisher=[[National Drug Intelligence Center]]|access-date=19 February 2018|date=2003|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203452/https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4440/|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203452/https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4440/ |date=29 May 2018 }}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege, koma, kuba umuntu arwaye indwara yo kwiyahura, ndetse no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kwiyahura.<ref name="Bush2013" /> Ibitekerezo by'ibyabaye bishobora kubaho nubwo ikoreshwa rihagaze. Mu rwego rwa shimi, PCP ni kimwe mu bigize itsinda rya arylcyclohexylamine, kandi mu rwego rwa farumasi, ni umuti ugabanya ububabare.<ref name=Mar2014>{{cite book|last1=Marion|first1=Nancy E.|last2=Oliver|first2=Willard M.|title=Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law [3 volumes]|date=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781610695961|page=732|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=c5PgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA732|language=en|access-date=2020-07-26|archive-date=2020-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617220115/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=c5PgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA732|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013213753/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=c5PgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA732 |date=2022-10-13 }}</ref><ref name="Zed2007">{{Cite book|last=Zedeck|first=Beth E.|last2=Zedeck|first2=Morris S.|title=Forensic Pharmacology|date=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438103822|page=97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tyBE3F5ACK4C&pg=PA97|language=en|access-date=2020-07-26|archive-date=2020-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701091400/https://books.google.com/books?id=tyBE3F5ACK4C&pg=PA97|url-status=live}}</ref> PCP ikora cyane cyane nk'umurwanya wa NMDA receptor . PCP ikoreshwa cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryabyo ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka ya 1970, hagati ya 2005 na 2011, habayeho ukwiyongera kw'abasura ibitaro byihutirwa bitewe n'uyu muti.<ref name="Bush2013" /> Mu mwaka wa 2017 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika abantu bagera kuri 1% mu mwaka wa cumi n'ibiri bavuze ko bakoresheje PCP mu mwaka ushize mu gihe 2.9% by'abari hejuru y'imyaka 25 bavuze ko bayikoresheje mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo. PCP yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1926 ijyanwa ku isoko nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare mu myaka ya 1950.<ref name="Zed2007" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bunney|first=W. E. Jr|last2=Hippius|first2=Hanns|last3=Laakmann|first3=Gregor|last4=Schmauß|first4=Max|title=Neuropsychopharmacology: Proceedings of the XVIth C.I.N.P. Congress, Munich, August, 15-19, 1988|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783642740343|page=717|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tX7nCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA717|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Kötz 1926 49–76">{{Cite journal|last=Kötz|first=A.|last2=Merkel|first2=Paul|title=Zur Kenntnis hydroaromatischer Alkamine|journal=Journal für Praktische Chemie|publisher=Wiley|volume=113|issue=1|year=1926|issn=0021-8383|doi=10.1002/prac.19261130107|language=de|pages=49–76}}</ref><ref name="Lindgren 1983 61–73">{{Cite book|last=Lindgren|first=J.-E.|last2=Holmstedt|first2=B.|title=Archives of Toxicology|url=https://archive.org/details/toxicologyinusem0000unse|chapter=Guide to the Analysis of Phencyclidine and its Metabolites in Biological Material|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg|year=1983|isbn=978-3-540-12392-7|issn=0171-9750|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-69083-9_10|pages=[https://archive.org/details/toxicologyinusem0000unse/page/61 61]–73}}</ref> Gukoreshwa kwayo ku bantu ntibyemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1965 bitewe n’ingaruka mbi nyinshi mu gihe gukoreshwa kwayo ku nyamaswa byo byemejwe mu 1978.<ref name="Zed2007" /><ref name="Tas2015">{{Cite book|last=Tasman|first=Allan|last2=Kay|first2=Jerald|last3=Lieberman|first3=Jeffrey A.|last4=First|first4=Michael B.|last5=Riba|first5=Michelle|title=Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118753361|page=4943|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT4843|language=en}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, [[ketamine]] yavumbuwe kandi yihanganirwa neza nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare.<ref name="Tas2015" /> PCP ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy’umuti wa gahunda ya kabiri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name=Jus2003 /> Hari imiti myinshi ikomoka kuri PCP yagurishijwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kwidagadura no mu buryo butari ubwo kwa muganga.<ref name="Morris2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Morris H, Wallach J|title=From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs|journal=Drug Testing and Analysis|volume=6|issue=7–8|pages=614–32|year=2014|pmid=24678061|doi=10.1002/dta.1620}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] hi7m2nyor0cg6o5bnbfpkhoi3kony5p 0 23345 149290 145610 2026-11-07T20:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Sjögren syndrome|synonym=Primary Sjögren-Gougerot syndrome,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sjogren syndrome |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10252/index |website=NIH |access-date=20 June 2024 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128220903/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10252/index |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sjögren's syndrome, sicca syndrome|image=Sjogrens Syndrome.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Characteristic dryness appears at multiple locations like the tongue, face, and eyes.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ʃ|oʊ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://www.dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2014-06-17 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />{{IPA-sv|ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn|lang}}|field=|symptoms=[[xerostomia|Dry mouth]], [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|dry eyes]], other areas of dryness<ref name=Bri2016/>|complications=[[Lymphoma]]<ref name=Bri2016/>|onset=Middle age<ref name=Bri2016/><ref name=Ng2016/>|duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|types=|causes=[[Autoimmune disease]] (unknown cause)<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Tissue biopsy]], blood tests<ref name=Bri2016/>|differential=Medication side effect, [[anxiety]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[amyloidosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter S|edition=2nd}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[Artificial tears]], medications to reduce inflammation, surgery<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|medication=|prognosis=Normal [[life expectancy]]<ref name=Sin2016/>|frequency=~0.7%<ref name=John2008/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Sjögren syndrome''' ( '''SjS''', '''SS''' ) ni indwara y’igihe kirekire ifata ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ikagira ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo zikora ubushuhe mu mubiri.<ref name="NIH2014Fact">{{Cite web|title=What Is Sjögren's Syndrome? Fast Facts|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/sjogrens_syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 July 2016|date=November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704210602/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sjogrens_Syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|archive-date=4 July 2016}}</ref> Ibimenyetso by'ibanze ni umunwa wumye n'amaso yumye.<ref name="Bri2016">{{Cite journal|last=Brito-Zerón|first=P|last2=Baldini|first2=C|last3=Bootsma|first3=H|last4=Bowman|first4=SJ|last5=Jonsson|first5=R|last6=Mariette|first6=X|last7=Sivils|first7=K|last8=Theander|first8=E|last9=Tzioufas|first9=A|last10=Ramos-Casals|first10=M|title=Sjögren syndrome|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|date=7 July 2016|volume=2|pages=16047|pmid=27383445|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.47}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo uruhu rwumye, kumagara mu gitsina, inkorora idakira, gucika intege mu maboko no mu maguru, kumva unaniwe, kubabara imitsi n'ingingo, ndetse n'ibibazo bya tiroyide.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Abarwaye indwara ya lymphoma nabo bafite ibyago byinshi (5%) byo kurwara iyi ndwara.<ref name="Bri2016" /><ref name="John2008">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389|title=Primer on the rheumatic diseases|last=John H.|first=Klippel|date=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780387685663|edition=13th|location=New York, New York|page=389|access-date=15 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815233354/https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo impamvu nyayo idasobanutse neza, bikekwa ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’uturemangingo n’ikintu gitera ibidukikije nko kwandura virusi cyangwa [[bagiteri]].<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Bishobora kubaho hatitawe ku bindi bibazo by'ubuzima (syndrome ya Sjögren y'ibanze) cyangwa bitewe n'indi ndwara y'imitsi ihuza (syndrome ya Sjögren y'inyongera).<ref name="Ng2016">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=Sjogren's Syndrome|last=Ng|first=Wan-Fai|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198736950|pages=10–11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815195550/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ububyimbirwe butera kwangiza buhoro buhoro imitsi.<ref name="John2008" /> Gusuzuma indwara bikorwa hifashishijwe biopsy y'uturemangingo dukora ubushuhe no gupima amaraso hashakishwa ubudahangarwa bwihariye.<ref name="Bri2016" /> Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma indwara, ubusanzwe haba hari lymphocytes mu turemangingo.<ref name="Bri2016" /> Ubuvuzi bushingira ku bimenyetso by'umuntu.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku maso yumye, hashobora kugeragezwa imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe, ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y'amarira.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku munwa wumye, hashobora gukoreshwa chewing gum (byaba byiza idafite isukari), kunywa amazi, cyangwa ikindi kintu gisimbura amacandwe.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku bantu bafite ububabare mu ngingo cyangwa mu mitsi, [[ibuprofen]] ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Imiti ishobora gutera ubwivumbure, nka antihistamines, nayo ishobora guhagarikwa.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe mu 1933 na Henrik Sjögren, wahawe izina ryayo; icyakora, hari ibisobanuro byinshi byatanzwe mbere ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso.<ref name="Ng2016" /> Hagati ya 0.2% na 1.2% by'abaturage nibo bibasiwe, kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bafite icyiciro cya mbere n'igice cya kabiri.<ref name="John2008" /> Abagore bibasirwa inshuro zigera ku icumi kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Ng2016" /> Nubwo iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu myaka yo hagati, umuntu uwo ari we wese ashobora kuyigiraho ingaruka.<ref name="Bri2016" /><ref name="Ng2016" /> Muri abo badafite izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, igihe cyo kubaho ntigihinduka.<ref name="Sin2016">{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=AG|last2=Singh|first2=S|last3=Matteson|first3=EL|date=March 2016|title=Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies|journal=Rheumatology|volume=55|issue=3|pages=450–60|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kev354|pmid=26412810|pmc=5009445}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 04wa46kpk80wrtasct91rqycqyg2u32 149381 149290 2026-11-07T21:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Sjögren syndrome|synonym=Primary Sjögren-Gougerot syndrome,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sjogren syndrome |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10252/index |website=NIH |access-date=20 June 2024 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128220903/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10252/index |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sjögren's syndrome, sicca syndrome|image=Sjogrens Syndrome.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Characteristic dryness appears at multiple locations like the tongue, face, and eyes.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|ʃ|ɜː|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|ʃ|oʊ|ɡ|r|ɛ|n}}<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |author=Elsevier |author-link=Elsevier |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |publisher=Elsevier |url=http://www.dorlands.com/ |postscript=. |access-date=2014-06-17 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br />{{IPA-sv|ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn|lang}}|field=|symptoms=[[xerostomia|Dry mouth]], [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|dry eyes]], other areas of dryness<ref name=Bri2016/>|complications=[[Lymphoma]]<ref name=Bri2016/>|onset=Middle age<ref name=Bri2016/><ref name=Ng2016/>|duration=Long term<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|types=|causes=[[Autoimmune disease]] (unknown cause)<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Tissue biopsy]], blood tests<ref name=Bri2016/>|differential=Medication side effect, [[anxiety]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[amyloidosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|url=https://archive.org/details/ferrisdifferenti0000ferr|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0323076999|page=Chapter S|edition=2nd}}</ref>|prevention=|treatment=[[Artificial tears]], medications to reduce inflammation, surgery<ref name=NIH2014Fact/>|medication=|prognosis=Normal [[life expectancy]]<ref name=Sin2016/>|frequency=~0.7%<ref name=John2008/>|deaths=|named after=}}'''Sjögren syndrome''' ( '''SjS''', '''SS''' ) ni indwara y’igihe kirekire ifata ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri ikagira ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo zikora ubushuhe mu mubiri.<ref name="NIH2014Fact">{{Cite web|title=What Is Sjögren's Syndrome? Fast Facts|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/sjogrens_syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 July 2016|date=November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704210602/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sjogrens_Syndrome/sjogrens_syndrome_ff.asp|archive-date=4 July 2016}}</ref> Ibimenyetso by'ibanze ni umunwa wumye n'amaso yumye.<ref name="Bri2016">{{Cite journal|last=Brito-Zerón|first=P|last2=Baldini|first2=C|last3=Bootsma|first3=H|last4=Bowman|first4=SJ|last5=Jonsson|first5=R|last6=Mariette|first6=X|last7=Sivils|first7=K|last8=Theander|first8=E|last9=Tzioufas|first9=A|last10=Ramos-Casals|first10=M|title=Sjögren syndrome|journal=Nature Reviews. Disease Primers|date=7 July 2016|volume=2|pages=16047|pmid=27383445|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.47}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo uruhu rwumye, kumagara mu gitsina, inkorora idakira, gucika intege mu maboko no mu maguru, kumva unaniwe, kubabara imitsi n'ingingo, ndetse n'ibibazo bya tiroyide.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Abarwaye indwara ya lymphoma nabo bafite ibyago byinshi (5%) byo kurwara iyi ndwara.<ref name="Bri2016" /><ref name="John2008">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389|title=Primer on the rheumatic diseases|last=John H.|first=Klippel|date=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780387685663|edition=13th|location=New York, New York|page=389|access-date=15 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815233354/https://books.google.ca/books?id=3zM9yCy8uqUC&pg=PA389|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo impamvu nyayo idasobanutse neza, bikekwa ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’uturemangingo n’ikintu gitera ibidukikije nko kwandura virusi cyangwa [[bagiteri]].<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Bishobora kubaho hatitawe ku bindi bibazo by'ubuzima (syndrome ya Sjögren y'ibanze) cyangwa bitewe n'indi ndwara y'imitsi ihuza (syndrome ya Sjögren y'inyongera).<ref name="Ng2016">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=Sjogren's Syndrome|last=Ng|first=Wan-Fai|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198736950|pages=10–11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815195550/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Axo9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|archive-date=15 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ububyimbirwe butera kwangiza buhoro buhoro imitsi.<ref name="John2008" /> Gusuzuma indwara bikorwa hifashishijwe biopsy y'uturemangingo dukora ubushuhe no gupima amaraso hashakishwa ubudahangarwa bwihariye.<ref name="Bri2016" /> Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma indwara, ubusanzwe haba hari lymphocytes mu turemangingo.<ref name="Bri2016" /> Ubuvuzi bushingira ku bimenyetso by'umuntu.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku maso yumye, hashobora kugeragezwa imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe, ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y'amarira.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku munwa wumye, hashobora gukoreshwa chewing gum (byaba byiza idafite isukari), kunywa amazi, cyangwa ikindi kintu gisimbura amacandwe.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Ku bantu bafite ububabare mu ngingo cyangwa mu mitsi, [[ibuprofen]] ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Imiti ishobora gutera ubwivumbure, nka antihistamines, nayo ishobora guhagarikwa.<ref name="NIH2014Fact" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe mu 1933 na Henrik Sjögren, wahawe izina ryayo; icyakora, hari ibisobanuro byinshi byatanzwe mbere ku bantu bafite ibimenyetso.<ref name="Ng2016" /> Hagati ya 0.2% na 1.2% by'abaturage nibo bibasiwe, kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bafite icyiciro cya mbere n'igice cya kabiri.<ref name="John2008" /> Abagore bibasirwa inshuro zigera ku icumi kurusha abagabo.<ref name="Ng2016" /> Nubwo iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu myaka yo hagati, umuntu uwo ari we wese ashobora kuyigiraho ingaruka.<ref name="Bri2016" /><ref name="Ng2016" /> Muri abo badafite izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, igihe cyo kubaho ntigihinduka.<ref name="Sin2016">{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=AG|last2=Singh|first2=S|last3=Matteson|first3=EL|date=March 2016|title=Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies|journal=Rheumatology|volume=55|issue=3|pages=450–60|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kev354|pmid=26412810|pmc=5009445}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] nhi07twyi54qzj2p3mtbpc8q9067nd7 0 23347 149283 141556 2026-11-07T20:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Indwara y'ibihaha idakira | synonyms = ''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'' (COPD), BPCO | image = Copd versus healthy lung.jpg | caption = Igihaha kizima (ibumoso) n'igihaha gifite COPD (iburyo) | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibihaha | symptoms = Kubura umwuka, inkorora idakira, amaseru | causes = Kunywa itabi, ihumana ry'ikirere | diagnosis = Spirométrie | prevention = Kureka itabi, kugabanya ihumana ry'umwuka | treatment = Kongera ubushobozi bw'ibihaha, umwuka wa oxygène }} '''Indwara y'ibihaha idakira''' (''COPD'' cyangwa ''BPCO'') ni indwara y'ibihaha irangwa n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bimara igihe kirekire n'umwuka utembera nabi mu bihaha. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukubura umwuka n'inkorora idakira. Impamvu ikunze kuyitera ni ukunywa itabi; ishobora kwirindwa hagabanywa ibyago. == Ibimenyetso == Indwara y'ibihaha idakira ( COPD ) ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'ibihaha idakira irangwa n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bw'igihe kirekire n'umwuka mubi utembera neza.<ref name="GOLD2017Chp1">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Bourbeau J, Celli BR, Chen R, Decramer M, Fabbri LM, Frith P, Halpin DM, López Varela MV, Nishimura M, Roche N, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Sin DD, Singh D, Stockley R, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Agusti A|s2cid=42027653|display-authors=6|title=Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary|journal=Respirology|volume=22|issue=3|pages=575–601|date=April 2017|pmid=28150362|doi=10.1111/resp.13012|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Roversi2017">{{Cite journal|last=Roversi|first=Sara|last2=Corbetta|first2=Lorenzo|last3=Clini|first3=Enrico|title=GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach|date=5 May 2017|journal=COPD Research and Practice|volume=3|doi=10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi birimo kubura [[umwuka]] no gukorora hamwe n'amaseru.<ref name="GOLD2017Chp1" /> COPD ni indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, bivuze ko ikunze kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.<ref name="GOLD2013Chp1">{{Cite book|last=Vestbo|first=Jørgen|title=Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|work=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=187|issue=4|year=2013|publisher=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease|pages=1–7|chapter=Definition and Overview|doi=10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP|pmid=22878278|chapter-url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/187/4/347.full.pdf+html|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2013-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302033053/http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/187/4/347.full.pdf+html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amaherezo, ibikorwa bya buri munsi nko kugenda cyangwa kwambara biragorana.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 March 2016|date=January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082716/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Bronchitis idakira na emphysema ni amagambo ya kera akoreshwa ku bwoko butandukanye bwa COPD.<ref name="WHO2017">{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)|website=WHO|access-date=6 June 2019|quote=The more familiar terms of "chronic bronchitis" and "emphysema" have often been used as labels for this condition.|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421005735/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Craig|first=John A.|title=Ferri's netter patient advisor|date=2012|publisher=Saunders|isbn=9781455728268|page=913|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=li1VCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA913|quote=Traditionally, two types of COPD were known as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Most cases of COPD are a mixture of both diseases.|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2020-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225063418/https://books.google.com/books?id=li1VCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA913|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|url=https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/|website=WHO|access-date=5 June 2019|quote=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not one single disease but an umbrella term used to describe chronic lung diseases that cause limitations in lung airflow. The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis.|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418094005/https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "bronchitis idakira" riracyakoreshwa mu gusobanura inkorora ikora nibura amezi atatu buri mwaka mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri.<ref name="GOLD2017Chp1" /> Abafite bene iyo nkorora baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara COPD.<ref name="Gold2019p13">{{Cite book|title=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease|date=2019|page=13|url=https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194701/https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ijambo "emphysema" rikoreshwa kandi ku kuba hari umwuka udasanzwe cyangwa indi myuka mu ngingo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jayne|title=Bailliere's Dictionary E-Book: for Nurses and Health Care Workers|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702075643|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgmODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729125506/https://books.google.com/books?id=rgmODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128|url-status=live}}</ref> == Impamvu == Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni ukunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], aho umubare muto w’abandura uterwa n’ibintu [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|nk’ihumana ry’ikirere]] n’imiterere y’uturemangingo.<ref name="Lancet2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9823|pages=1341–51|date=April 2012|pmid=22314182|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9|pmc=7172377|citeseerx=10.1.1.1000.1967}}</ref> Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera ihumana ry'ikirere ni umuriro ushyushya n'umuriro utetse udakoresha umwuka mwiza.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Kugaragara kuri ibi bintu bitera ububabare igihe kirekire bitera ububabare mu bihaha, bigatuma inzira z'ubuhumekero zigabanuka kandi ingingo z'ibihaha zigasenyuka.<ref name="GOLD2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J|s2cid=20863981|title=Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2007-09-15_176_6/page/532|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=176|issue=6|pages=532–55|date=September 2007|pmid=17507545|doi=10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO|hdl=2066/51740|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Isuzuma rishingiye ku mwuka mubi utembera nk'uko bipimwa n'ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha.<ref name="Nathell">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nathell L, Nathell M, Malmberg P, Larsson K|title=COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques|journal=Respiratory Research|volume=8|issue=1|pages=89|date=December 2007|pmid=18053200|pmc=2217523|doi=10.1186/1465-9921-8-89}}</ref> Bitandukanye na asima, kugabanuka k'umwuka ntabwo birushaho kuba byiza iyo hakoreshejwe umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe.<ref name="WHO2015" /><ref name="WebM2019">{{Cite web|title=Asthma vs. COPD: What's the Difference?|website=WebMD|date=2019-01-30|url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2019-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226050947/https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi == Inshuro nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo guhura nabyo.<ref name="Piro2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pirozzi C, Scholand MB|title=Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2012-07_96_4/page/849|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=96|issue=4|pages=849–67|date=July 2012|pmid=22793948|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014}}</ref> Ibi birimo kutanywa itabi no kunoza ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu no hanze.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Nubwo kuvurwa bishobora kugabanya ubukana, nta muti uzwi.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo guhagarika kunywa itabi, inkingo, no kuvura indwara z'ubuhumekero.<ref name="Lancet2012" /><ref name="Cag2023">{{Cite journal|last=Cagle|first=SD Jr|last2=Landrum|first2=LS|last3=Kennedy|first3=AM|title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management.|journal=American family physician|date=June 2023|volume=107|issue=6|pages=604-612|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37327161/}}</ref> Umuti wa mbere ugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi muri rusange ni LAMA, hamwe na LABA na steroid zihumekwa zongewemo iyo bikenewe.<ref name="Cag2023" /> Hari abantu bashobora kungukirwa no kuvurwa mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire hakoreshejwe ogisijeni cyangwa guterwa ibihaha.<ref name="GOLD2007" /> Ku bantu bafite ibihe bikomeye byo kurwara, hashobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha imiti myinshi, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, ndetse no kujya mu bitaro.<ref name="Lancet2012" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dobler|first=Claudia C.|last2=Morrow|first2=Allison S.|last3=Beuschel|first3=Bradley|last4=Farah|first4=Magdoleen H.|last5=Majzoub|first5=Abdul M.|last6=Wilson|first6=Michael E.|last7=Hasan|first7=Bashar|last8=Seisa|first8=Mohamed O.|last9=Daraz|first9=Lubna|last10=Prokop|first10=Larry J.|last11=Murad|first11=M. Hassan|last12=Wang|first12=Zhen|title=Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=25 February 2020|volume=172|issue=6|pages=413–422|doi=10.7326/M19-3007|pmid=32092762}}</ref> == Ikwirakwira == Guhera mu 2015, COPD yibasiye abantu bagera kuri 174.5&nbsp;miliyoni z'abantu (12% by'abaturage ku isi).<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref><ref name="Gold2023">{{Cite journal|last=Agusti|first=A|last2=Böhm|first2=M|last3=Celli|first3=B|last4=Criner|first4=GJ|last5=Garcia-Alvarez|first5=A|last6=Martinez|first6=F|last7=Sin|first7=DD|last8=Vogelmeier|first8=CF|title=GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists.|journal=Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society|date=26 May 2023|pages=1-10|doi=10.1007/s00392-023-02217-0|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37233751/}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bibasira abantu 6% by'abantu.<ref name="Cag2023" /> Ubusanzwe igaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 40.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Mu 2015, byateye 3.2&nbsp;miliyoni z'impfu, zirenga 90% mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere,<ref name="WHO2015" /> zazamutse zivuye kuri 2.4&nbsp;miliyoni z'abapfuye mu 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2}}</ref> Biteganyijwe ko umubare w'impfu uziyongera bitewe n'umubare w'abanywa itabi uri hejuru mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ndetse n'abaturage bakuze mu bihugu byinshi.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mathers CD, Loncar D|title=Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=3|issue=11|pages=e442|date=November 2006|pmid=17132052|pmc=1664601|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442}}</ref> Byatumye habaho ikiguzi cy’ubukungu cya [[Amadolari y'Amerika|$2.1 y’Amerika.]]&nbsp;tiriyari mu 2010.<ref name="Cost2013">{{Cite book|last=Lomborg|first=Bjørn|title=Global problems, local solutions : costs and benefits|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03959-9|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2016-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517163338/https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Igikamba]] * [[Umusonga]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] kkc0sf54vgpl35sb4h2wy4860xq0es1 0 23349 149340 141470 2026-11-07T20:45:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Pancreatite | synonyms = ''Pancreatitis'' | image = 3D Medical Animation Acute Pancreatitis.jpg | caption = Pancreas yabyimbye | field = Ubuvuzi bw'igifu n'amara, kubaga rusange | symptoms = Kubabara mu nda hejuru, isesemi, kuruka, umuriro | complications = Ubwandu, kuva amaraso, diyabete | causes = Utubuye two mu ruhago rw'indurwe, kunywa inzoga nyinshi | risks = Kunywa itabi | treatment = Amazi anyuzwa mu mitsi, imiti igabanya ububabare, antibiyotike }} '''Pancreatite''' (''pancreatitis'') ni indwara irangwa no kubyimba kwa pancreas, urugingo ruri inyuma y'igifu rukora imisemburo y'igogora n'indi misemburo. Impamvu zikunze kuyitera ni utubuye two mu ruhago rw'indurwe no kunywa inzoga nyinshi. == Ibimenyetso == Pancreatite ni indwara irangwa no kubyimba kwa pancreas.<ref name=NID2012>{{cite web|title=Pancreatitis|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=niddk.nih.gov|access-date=1 March 2015|date=August 16, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=7 March 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx |date=7 March 2015 }}</ref> Pancreas ni urugingo runini ruri inyuma y'igifu rukora imisemburo ikora igogora n'imisemburo myinshi.<ref name=NID2012 /> Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: pancreatitis ikaze, na pancreatitis idakira.<ref name=NID2012 /> Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya pancreatitis birimo kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no [[kuruka]].<ref name=NID2012 /> Ububabare bukunze kujya mu mugongo kandi akenshi buba bukomeye.<ref name=NID2012 /> Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis ikabije, umuriro ushobora kugaragara, kandi ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu minsi mike.<ref name=NID2012 /> Mu gihe cy’indwara ya pancreatitis idakira, umuntu ashobora kugabanya ibiro bitewe n’ibinure, ndetse no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name=NID2012 /><ref name="Gastroenterology2007">{{Cite journal|last=Witt|first=Heiko|title=Chronic pancreatitis: challenges and advances in pathogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, and therapy|journal=Gastroenterology|date=April 2007|volume=132|issue=4|pages=1557-1573|pmid=17466744|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.001}}</ref> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kwandura, kuva [[amaraso]], diyabete, cyangwa ibibazo by'izindi ngingo. == Impamvu == Impamvu ebyiri zikunze gutera pancreatitis ikabije ni imisemburo y’induru ifunga umuyoboro w’induru usanzwe nyuma y’uko umuyoboro w’induru winjiye; hamwe no kunywa [[inzoga]] nyinshi. Izindi mpamvu zirimo gukomereka mu buryo butaziguye, imiti imwe n'imwe, indwara nka mumps, na [[kanseri]].<ref name=NID2012 /> Pancreatitis idakira ishobora kugaragara bitewe na pancreatitis ikabije.<ref name=NID2012 /> Akenshi biterwa no kunywa inzoga nyinshi imyaka myinshi.<ref name=NID2012 /> Izindi mpamvu zirimo [[ibinure]] byinshi mu maraso, kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso, imiti imwe n'imwe, hamwe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki, nka cystic fibrosis, n'izindi.<ref name=NID2012 /> Kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]] byongera ibyago byo kurwara pancreatitis ikabije n'iy'igihe kirekire.<ref name="Lancet2015">{{Cite journal|last=Lankisch|first=PG|last2=Apte|first2=M|last3=Banks|first3=PA|title=Acute pancreatitis|journal=Lancet|date=20 January 2015|pmid=25616312|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60649-8|volume=386|issue=9988|pages=85–96}}</ref><ref name="Yad2013">{{Cite journal|last=Yadav|first=D|last2=Lowenfels|first2=AB|title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.|journal=Gastroenterology|date=June 2013|volume=144|issue=6|pages=1252–61|pmid=23622135|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068|pmc=3662544}}</ref> Gusuzuma pancreatitis ikabije bishingiye ku kwiyongera gutatu mu maraso ya amylase cyangwa lipase.<ref name=NID2012 /> Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis idakira, ibi bizamini bishobora kuba bisanzwe.<ref name=NID2012 /> Gufata amashusho nk'imashini zipima ikoranabuhanga (ultrasound) na CT scan nabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.<ref name=NID2012 /> == Ubuvuzi == Pancreatitis ikabije ikunze kuvurwa n'amazi yo mu mitsi, imiti igabanya ububabare, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara . Ubusanzwe kurya no kunywa ntibyemewe, kandi umuyoboro wa nasogastric ushyirwa mu gifu.<ref name=NID2012 /> Uburyo buzwi nka endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bushobora gukorwa kugira ngo hasuzumwe umuyoboro wa distal common bile no gukuraho ibuye ry’agakoko mu gihe rihari.<ref name=NID2012 /> Ku bafite utubuye tw’agasabo, akenshi nabyo birakurwa.<ref name=NID2012 /> Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis idakira, uretse ibyavuzwe haruguru, kugaburira by'agateganyo binyuze mu muyoboro wa nasogastric bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke intungamubiri zihagije.<ref name=NID2012 /> Guhindura imirire igihe kirekire no gusimbuza enzymes za pancreas bishobora kuba ngombwa.<ref name=NID2012 /> Kandi rimwe na rimwe hakorwa operasiyo yo gukuraho ibice bya pancreas.<ref name=NID2012 /> == Ikwirakwira == Ku isi yose, mu 2015 habayeho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 8.9 barwaye pancreatitis.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators.))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref> Ibi byagize ingaruka ku rupfu rw’abantu 132.700, ugereranyije n’abapfuye 83.000 mu 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators.))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–44|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|pmc=4340604}}</ref> Pancreatitis ikabije igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 30 kuri 100.000 buri mwaka.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Abantu bashya barwaye pancreatitis idakira bavuka ku bantu bagera kuri 8 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka, ubu bakaba bagera kuri 50 ku bantu 100.000 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="Mun204" /> Bikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore. Akenshi pancreatitis idakira itangira hagati y'imyaka 30 na 40 mu gihe idakunze kugaragara ku bana.<ref name=NID2012 /> Pancreatitis ikabije yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu isuzuma ry’umurambo mu 1882, mu gihe Pancreatitis idakira yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1946.<ref name="Mun204">{{Cite journal|last=Muniraj|first=T|last2=Aslanian|first2=HR|last3=Farrell|first3=J|last4=Jamidar|first4=PA|title=Chronic pancreatitis, a comprehensive review and update. Part I: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical features.|journal=Disease-a-month : DM|date=December 2014|volume=60|issue=12|pages=530–50|pmid=25510320|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.11.002}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Inzoga]] * [[Igifu]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] jyb86tqy48z00xhntnx5yl70iz5t4xz 0 23350 149244 141469 2026-11-07T19:33:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Diverticulitis | image = Diverticula, sigmoid colon.jpg | caption = Udufuka (''diverticula'') mu mara manini | field = Kubaga rusange | symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, umuriro, isesemi, impiswi cyangwa impatwe | complications = Ikibyimba cy'amashyira, kwangirika kw'urukuta rw'amara | risks = Umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo, kunywa itabi | diagnosis = Gupima amaraso, CT scan, colonoscopie | treatment = Antibiyotike, indyo y'amazi, kujyanwa mu bitaro }} '''Diverticulitis''' ni indwara yo mu nda irangwa no kubyimba kw'udufuka tudasanzwe (''diverticula'') dushobora kuboneka ku rukuta rw'amara manini. Ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakuze, cyane cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Gross pathology of diverticulitis with diverticular abscesses.jpg|thumb|Diverticulitis]] Diverticulitis, cyane cyane diverticulitis yo mu mara, ni indwara yo mu gifu irangwa no kubyimba kw'udupfunyika tudasanzwe - diverticula - dushobora gukwirakwira mu rukuta rw'amara manini.<ref name="NIH2013">{{Cite web|title=Diverticular Disease|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/diverticular-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|website=www.niddk.nih.gov|access-date=12 June 2016|date=September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613120254/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/diverticular-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo ububabare bwo mu nda yo hasi buterwa no gutangira gutunguranye, ariko bushobora no kubaho mu minsi mike.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Hashobora kandi kugira isesemi ; no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]] cyangwa [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]].<ref name="NIH2013" /> Umuriro cyangwa amaraso mu gitereko bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Ibitero bisubirwamo bishobora kubaho.<ref name="Tur2016">{{Cite journal|last=Tursi|first=A|title=Diverticulosis today: unfashionable and still under-researched|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology|date=March 2016|volume=9|issue=2|pages=213–28|pmid=26929783|doi=10.1177/1756283x15621228|pmc=4749857}}</ref> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Impamvu zitera diverticulitis ntizizwi neza.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara birimo umubyibuho ukabije, kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], kuba ufite amateka mu muryango wawe yarayirwaye, no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana itari iya steroide (NSAIDs).<ref name="NIH2013" /><ref name="Tur2016" /> Uruhare rw'indyo idafite fibre nyinshi nk'ikintu gishobora gutera ibyago ntabwo rurasobanuka neza.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Kugira udufuka mu mara manini tudatwitswe bizwi nka diverticulosis.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Kubyimba bibaho hagati ya 10% na 25% mu gihe runaka, kandi biterwa n'ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]].<ref name="Tur2016" /><ref name="M2014">{{Cite book|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases|date=2014|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|isbn=9781455748013|page=986|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA986|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808110310/https://books.google.ca/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA986|archive-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> Gupima indwara akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe CT scan, nubwo ibizamini by'amaraso, colonoscopy, cyangwa urwego rwo hasi rw'igifu nabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Indwara zitandukanye zirimo indwara y'umura irakarishye.<ref name="Tur2016" /> == Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi == Ingamba zo kwirinda zirimo guhindura ibintu bishobora gutera ikibazo nko kubyibuha cyane, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kunywa itabi.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Mesalazine na rifaximin bisa nkaho ari ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibitero ku bafite ikibazo cyo kurwara indwara ya diverticulosis.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Kwirinda imbuto n'imbuto nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda ntibikiri ngombwa kuko nta gihamya kigaragaza ko bigira uruhare mu gutera ububyimbirwe mu miyoboro y'amazi.<ref name="NIH2013" /><ref name="NEJM2018">{{Cite journal|last=Young-Fadok|first=TM|title=Diverticulitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=October 2018|volume=379|issue=17|pages=1635–42|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1800468|pmid=30354951}}</ref> Ku ndwara ya diverticulitis yoroheje, imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu kanwa no mu mirire y’amazi ikunze kuba isabwa; <ref name="NIH2013" /> nubwo ibi bisa nkaho bitagira ingaruka ku ngaruka.<ref name="CFP2024">{{Cite web|last=Kolber|first=Michael|title=#370 Antibiotics or no antibiotics for acute diverticulitis, that is the question! – CFPCLearn|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp370/|access-date=24 July 2024|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725050721/https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp370/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ku ndwara zikomeye, imiti yica udukoko iterwa mu mitsi, kwakirwa mu bitaro no kuruhuka amara yose bishobora kuba inama.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Probiyotike bifite agaciro katazwi neza.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Ingorane nko kumera ibibyimba, kumera fistula, no gutobora amara bishobora gusaba kubagwa.<ref name="NIH2013" /> == Ikwirakwira == Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi kandi ntikunze kugaragara muri [[Afurika]] na [[Aziya]].<ref name="NIH2013" /> Mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'isi, abantu bagera kuri 35% bafite indwara ya diverticulose mu gihe yibasira munsi ya 1% by'abo mu cyaro cya Afurika,<ref name="M2014" /> kandi hagati ya 4 na 15% bashobora kurwara diverticulose.<ref name="UpToDate">{{Cite web|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis|title=Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis|last=Pemberton|first=John H|date=16 June 2016|website=UpToDate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314151944/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis|archive-date=2017-03-14|url-status=live|access-date=2017-03-13|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Muri Amerika ya Ruguru n'i Burayi ububabare bwo mu nda bukunze kuba ibumoso bwo hasi (sigmoid colon), mu gihe muri Aziya bukunze kuba iburyo (ascending colon).<ref name="Tur2016" /><ref name="Fel2010">{{Cite book|last=Feldman|first=Mark|title=Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management|date=2010|publisher=MD Consult|location=[S.l.]|isbn=9781437727678|page=2084|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zEZOqB6r9hwC&pg=PA2084|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808143336/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zEZOqB6r9hwC&pg=PA2084|archive-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> Iyi ndwara irushaho kwiyongera uko abantu bakura, cyane cyane iyo umuntu arengeje imyaka 50.<ref name="NIH2013" /> Byarushijeho kugaragara mu bice byose by'isi.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Mu 2003 mu Burayi, byahitanye abantu bagera ku 13.000.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu mara.<ref name="Tur2016" /> Ibiciro bijyana n'indwara ya diverticular byari hafi miliyari 2.4 [[Amadolari y'Amerika|z'amadolari y'Amerika]] ku mwaka muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 2013.<ref name="Tur2016" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Impiswi]] * [[Impatwe]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] rwmcs7lcfrtym9q79ega2bu7qbi8tr7 0 23358 149311 141459 2026-11-07T20:15:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Kanseri y'uruhago | synonyms = ''Bladder cancer'' | image = TransCellCaMark.png | caption = Kanseri y'uruhago irebewe muri mikorosikopi | field = Onkolojiya, urologie | symptoms = Amaraso mu nkari | risks = Kunywa itabi, ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe, schistosomiase | treatment = Kubagwa, chimiothérapie, urukingo rwa BCG, imirasire }} '''Kanseri y'uruhago''' ni ubwoko bwa [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ifata uruhago rw'inkari. Ikimenyetso cyayo gikunze kugaragara ni amaraso mu nkari. Kunywa itabi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye ishobora kuyitera; ivurwa hakurikijwe urwego igezeho. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Bladder Cancer.jpg|thumb|Kanseri y'uruhago]] Kanseri y'uruhago ni ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ikomoka ku ngingo z'uruhago.<ref name="NCI2017Pt">{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714140854/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=14 July 2017|date=1980-01-01}}</ref> Ni indwara aho uturemangingo dukura mu buryo budasanzwe kandi tukaba dushobora gukwirakwira no mu bindi bice by'umubiri.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Cancer Fact sheet N°297|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/|website=World Health Organization|access-date=10 June 2014|date=February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229092321/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/|archive-date=29 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="NCI2014">{{Cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625220940/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer|archive-date=25 June 2014|date=2007-09-17}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo [[amaraso]] mu nkari, kubabara iyo umuntu arimo kunyara, no kubabara umugongo wo hasi.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /> == Impamvu n'isuzuma == Ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'uruhago birimo kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], amateka y'umuryango, uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire mbere, kwandura indwara z'uruhago kenshi, no guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bihumanya ikirere.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /> Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane ni kanseri y'impinduka mu turemangingo.<ref name="NCI2017Over" /> Izindi ndwara zirimo kanseri y’urusenda rwa squamous na kanseri y’urusenda rwa adenocarcinoma.<ref name="NCI2017Over">{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717184625/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder|archive-date=17 July 2017|date=1980-01-01}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa cystoscopy hamwe na biopsy y'ingirabuzima fatizo.<ref name="NCI2017Pro">{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|date=5 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714141712/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> Iterambere rya kanseri rigaragazwa no gucibwa umuyoboro w'inkari no gupima amashusho y'abaganga.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=EAU Guidelines: Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer|url=https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/#5|website=Uroweb|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804234145/https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/#5|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer - Stages and Grades|url=https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/stages-and-grades|website=Cancer.Net|language=en|date=25 June 2012|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928151311/https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/stages-and-grades|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'urwego rwa kanseri.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /> Bishobora kuba birimo uburyo bwo kubaga, gukoresha imirasire, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /> Uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kuba bukubiyemo gucibwamo umuyoboro w'inkari, gukuraho igice cy'uruhago cyangwa burundu, cyangwa kugabanya inkari.<ref name="NCI2017Pt" /> Igipimo cy’ubuzima bw’imyaka itanu muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] ni 77%, [[Kanada]] ni 75%, naho Uburayi ni 68%.<ref name="SEER2019">{{Cite web|title=Cancer of the Urinary Bladder - Cancer Stat Facts|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html|website=SEER|access-date=30 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=8 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708205744/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bladder cancer|url=https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/bladder-cancer|website=World Cancer Research Fund|language=en|date=24 April 2018|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813064302/https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/bladder-cancer|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Survival statistics for bladder cancer - Canadian Cancer Society|url=http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=mb|website=www.cancer.ca|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028233416/https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=mb|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ikwirakwira == Kanseri y'uruhago, mu 2018, yibasiwe n'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.6 ku isi, aho abantu bashya 549.000 banduye iyi kanseri n'impfu 200.000.<ref name="Global2018">{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Factsheet|url=http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/30-Bladder-fact-sheet.pdf|website=Global Cancer Observatory|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108080843/http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/30-Bladder-fact-sheet.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Imyaka yo gutangira akenshi iba hagati y'imyaka 65 na 84.<ref name="SEER2019" /> Abagabo ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.<ref name="SEER2019" /> Mu 2018, igipimo kinini cya kanseri y'inkari cyagaragaye mu Burayi bw'Amajyepfo n'iy'Iburengerazuba, hagakurikiraho Amerika y'Amajyaruguru aho abantu 15, 13, na 12 banduye kuri buri muntu 100,000.<ref name="Global2018" /> Igipimo cyo hejuru cy’impfu za kanseri y’uruhago cyagaragaye muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyaruguru no muri [[Aziya]] y’Iburengerazuba, hagakurikiraho Uburayi bw’Amajyepfo.<ref name="Global2018" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Indwara Ya Kanseri]] * [[Igikamba]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 0s5fh3k9iqxcnygsewrcwtyg4uqydts 0 23359 149321 141458 2026-11-07T20:21:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Lipedema | image = Lipedema, type III.jpg | caption = Amaguru y'umuntu ufite lipedema | field = Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi y'amaraso | symptoms = Ibinure byinshi munsi y'uruhu ku maguru, ububabare, ibisebe byoroshye | causes = Ntizizwi | risks = Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango uyirwaye | treatment = Imyitozo ngororamubiri, amasogisi akanda, kubagwa }} '''Lipedema''' ni indwara irangwa no kwiyongera kudasanzwe kw'ibinure munsi y'uruhu ku maguru yombi, rimwe na rimwe no ku maboko, ikunze kuzana ububabare. Ibasira cyane cyane abagore; nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Lipödem.jpg|thumb|Lipedema]] Lipedema ni ukwiyongera kw'amaguru yombi bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibinure munsi y'uruhu, ibyo bikaba bidakwiranye.<ref name="GARD2021">{{Cite web|title=Lipedema|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10542/lipedema|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|access-date=30 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318010747/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10542/lipedema|archive-date=18 March 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NHS2020">{{Cite web|title=Lipoedema|website=nhs.uk|date=2 October 2020|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lipoedema/|access-date=1 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411102515/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lipoedema/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ububabare n'ibisebe byoroshye nabyo bishobora kubaho kandi ibimenyetso muri rusange birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Ibirenge muri rusange ntibigira ingaruka; nubwo rimwe na rimwe [[amaboko]] abigira ingaruka.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Abagore bafite ibiro ibyo ari byo byose bashobora kuba bafite iyo ndwara.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kwiheba.<ref name="GARD2021" /> == Impamvu == Nubwo impamvu itazwi, bikekwa ko ishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'imisemburo.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Akenshi bikunze kugaragara mu miryango.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Nibura mu ntangiriro sisitemu y'imitsi iba isanzwe.<ref name="Wol2019">{{Cite journal|last=Wollina|first=U|title=Lipedema-An update.|journal=Dermatologic therapy|date=March 2019|volume=32|issue=2|pages=e12805|doi=10.1111/dth.12805|pmid=30565362}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Izindi ndwara zisa nazo zirimo kubyimba kw'amaguru na lymphedema.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Akenshi ifatwa nabi nk'umubyibuho ukabije.<ref name="Her2012">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/aps.2011.153|pmid=22301856|pmc=4010336|title=Rare adipose disorders (RADs) masquerading as obesity|journal=Acta Pharmacologica Sinica|volume=33|issue=2|pages=155–72|year=2012|last=Herbst|first=Karen L}}</ref> == Ubuvuzi == Nubwo nta muti uhari, ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Ibi bishobora kuba birimo indyo yuzuye n'imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza; ariko iyi ndwara akenshi irarwanya kugabanya ibiro.<ref name="NHS2020" /><ref name="GARD2021" /> [[Amasogisi]] yo gukanda bishobora gufasha mu kubabara no mu bushobozi bwo kugenda.<ref name="NHS2020" /> Gukoresha liposuction bishobora gufasha mu bimenyetso bikomeye.<ref name="NHS2020" /><ref name="GARD2021" /> == Ikwirakwira == Bivugwa ko indwara ya Lipedema yibasira abagore bagera kuri 11% muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].<ref name="Buck2016">{{Cite journal|last=Buck DW|first=2nd|last2=Herbst|first2=KL|title=Lipedema: A Relatively Common Disease with Extremely Common Misconceptions.|journal=Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open|date=September 2016|volume=4|issue=9|pages=e1043|doi=10.1097/GOX.0000000000001043|pmid=27757353}}</ref> Bibaho hafi ya hose ku bagore.<ref name="GARD2021" /> Gutangira gutya akenshi biba mu gihe cy'ubugimbi, [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], cyangwa [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]].<ref name="GARD2021" /> Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1940, ibipimo bya mbere byo gusuzuma indwara byashyizweho mu 1951.<ref name="Buck2016" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ibinure]] * [[Indyo yuzuye]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] thj6nf0tl30p09147ukmnahtmobhysy 0 23362 149376 141455 2026-11-07T21:08:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Dapagliflozin | image = Dapagliflozin skeletal.svg | tradename = Farxiga, Forxiga, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a614015 | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | ATC_prefix = A10 | ATC_suffix = BK01 | CAS_number = 461432-26-8 | PubChem = 9887712 | DrugBank = DB06292 | UNII = 1ULL0QJ8UC | KEGG = D08897 | ChEMBL = 429910 | C=21 | H=25 | Cl=1 | O=6 }} '''Dapagliflozin''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Farxiga''' cyangwa '''Forxiga''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ukanakoreshwa ku barwayi bafite umutima unaniwe. Ifatwa mu kanwa rimwe ku munsi. == Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi == [[Dosiye:Forxiga dapagliflozin.jpg|thumb|Dapagliflozin]] Dapagliflozin, igurishwa ku izina rya Farxiga n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.<ref name="AHFS2020">{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapagliflozin-propanediol.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217211800/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapagliflozin-propanediol.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu gihe [[umutima]] unaniwe hamwe n'igice cyo gusohora cyagabanutse . Mu ndwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na insuline.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join/page/725 725]}}</ref> Inyobwa mu kanwa rimwe ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> == Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwandura indwara zo mu nkari, indwara ziterwa n'ibihumyo mu kibuno, kwiyongera kw'inkari, isesemi, no kunyara.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[isukari]] nke mu maraso, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe n'indi miti ya diyabete, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, Fournier gangrene, ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, na ketoacidosis ya diyabete.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Gukoresha ntabwo byemewe mu gihe utwite cyangwa wonsa.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ni mu cyiciro cya gliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor).<ref name="AHFS2020" /> == Amateka n'igiciro == Dapagliflozin yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 2014.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Byazanywe ku isoko bwa mbere na AstraZeneca.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi yatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima nk'umuti usimbura empagliflozin.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura hafi amadorari 500 ku kwezi guhera mu 2020.<ref name="GX2020">{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips|url=https://www.goodrx.com/dapagliflozin|website=GoodRx|access-date=3 December 2020|language=en-us|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614113403/http://www.goodrx.com/dapagliflozin|url-status=live}}</ref> Aya mafaranga atwara NHS mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] agera ku biro 40.<ref name="BNF79" /> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 259 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni imwe.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dapagliflozin|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413032132/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dapagliflozin|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Metformin]] * [[Semaglutide]] * [[Tirzepatide]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Dapagliflozin |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a614015.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}} [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] nayfcei77p0mxozpf7snqqcje490p63 0 23365 149287 141447 2026-11-07T20:04:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Indwara ya Cushing | synonyms = ''Cushing's syndrome'', ''hypercortisolism'' | image = CushingsFace.jpg | caption = Isura y'umurwayi ufite indwara ya Cushing | field = Endocrinologie | symptoms = Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho wo mu nda, isura izengurutse | onset = Imyaka 20–50 | causes = Gufata igihe kirekire imiti ya glucocorticoid, ibibyimba }} '''Indwara ya Cushing''' (''Cushing's syndrome'') ni ihuriro ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku kugira igihe kirekire glucocorticoid nyinshi mu mubiri, nka cortisol. Akenshi iterwa n'imiti nka prednisone, kandi indwara nyinshi zayo zishobora kuvurwa zigakira. == Ibimenyetso == Indwara ya Cushing ni ihuriro ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku kuba umuntu ahora anywa glucocorticoids nka cortisol.<ref name="NIH2008">{{Cite web|title=Cushing's Syndrome|url=http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/cushings.aspx#1|publisher=National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS)|access-date=16 March 2015|date=July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210104139/http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/cushings.aspx#1|archive-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho ukabije wo mu nda ariko amaboko n'amaguru byoroshye, isura izengurutse, ikibyimba kiri hagati y'ibitugu, imitsi idakomeye n'amagufwa adakomeye.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Impinduka mu ruhu zirimo kuma, kumera k'umusatsi mwinshi, isura itukura, ibisebe byo kunyara, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]], n'uruhu rworoshye rukira nabi.<ref name="Andrew2020">{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=496-497|edition=13th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA496&dq=Endocrine&hl=en|language=en|chapter=24. Endocrine diseases}}</ref> Abagore bashobora kugira imihango idahwitse.<ref name="NIH2012Sym" /> Hari igihe hashobora kubaho impinduka mu byiyumvo, kuribwa umutwe, no kumva umunaniro udashira.<ref name="NIH2012Sym">{{Cite web|title=What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/symptoms.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402183051/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/symptoms.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> == Impamvu == Indwara ya Cushing iterwa n'imiti ikabije nka cortisol nka prednisone cyangwa ikibyimba gitera cyangwa kigatera ikorwa rya cortisol ikabije n'uturemangingo tw'inkende.<ref name="NIH2012Cause">{{Cite web|title=What causes Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193822/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Indwara ziterwa n'indwara ya pituitary adenoma zizwi nka Cushing's disease, ikaba ari yo mpamvu ya kabiri ikunze gutera indwara ya Cushing's syndrome nyuma y'imiti.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Hari n'izindi [[kanseri]] nyinshi zishobora gutera indwara ya Cushing.<ref name="NIH2008" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nieman|first=LK|last2=Ilias, I|title=Evaluation and treatment of Cushing's syndrome.|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|date=December 2005|volume=118|issue=12|pages=1340–6|pmid=16378774|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.01.059|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258724|access-date=2018-09-22|archive-date=2018-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045544/https://zenodo.org/record/1258724|url-status=live}}</ref> Bimwe muri ibi bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umubiri nk'indwara nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa 1 na Carney complex.<ref name="NIH2012Epi">{{Cite web|title=How many people are affected by or at risk for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220131/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara bisaba intambwe nyinshi.<ref name="NIH2012Diag">{{Cite web|title=How do health care providers diagnose Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162423/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Intambwe ya mbere ni ukugenzura imiti umuntu afata.<ref name="NIH2012Diag" /> Intambwe ya kabiri ni ugupima urugero rwa cortisol mu nkari, mu macandwe cyangwa mu maraso nyuma yo gufata dexamethasone.<ref name="NIH2012Diag" /> Iyo iki kizamini kidakunze kugaragara, cortisol ishobora gupimwa nijoro cyane.<ref name="NIH2012Diag" /> Iyo cortisol ikomeje kuba nyinshi, hashobora gukorwa isuzuma ry'amaraso rya ACTH.<ref name="NIH2012Diag" /> == Ubuvuzi == Indwara nyinshi zishobora kuvurwa no gukira.<ref name="NIH2012Tx">{{Cite web|title=Is there a cure for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/cure.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327103924/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/cure.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2015}}</ref> Iyo biterwa n'imiti, akenshi iyi miti ishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro iyo ikenewe cyangwa igahagarara buhoro buhoro.<ref name="NIH2012Tx2">{{Cite web|title=What are the treatments for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/treatments.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102535/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/treatments.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="Mayo2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cushing-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351314|title=Cushing syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org|access-date=2019-04-21|archive-date=2020-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321045921/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cushing-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351314|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo itewe n'ikibyimba, ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubaga, imiti ivura indwara ya kanseri, cyangwa imirasire.<ref name="NIH2012Tx2" /> Iyo pituitary yagizweho ingaruka, hashobora kuba hakenewe indi miti kugira ngo isimbuze imikorere yayo yatakaye.<ref name="NIH2012Tx2" /> Mu kuvurwa, igihe cyo kubaho gisanzwe kiba gisanzwe.<ref name="NIH2012Tx" /> Bamwe mu bo kubagwa bitabasha gukuraho ikibyimba cyose, bafite ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Graversen D, Vestergaard P, Stochholm K, Gravholt CH, Jørgensen JO|title=Mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=23|issue=3|pages=278–82|date=April 2012|pmid=22385888|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.013}}</ref> == Ikwirakwira == Abantu bagera kuri babiri kugeza kuri batatu kuri miliyoni buri mwaka barayibasirwa.<ref name="NIH2012Epi" /> Ikunze kwibasira abantu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 50.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Abagore bibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.<ref name="NIH2012Epi" /> Icyakora, urugero ruto rw'umusaruro ukabije wa cortisol nta bimenyetso bigaragara ni rwo rukunze kugaragara.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Steffensen C, Bak AM, Rubeck KZ, Jørgensen JO|title=Epidemiology of Cushing's syndrome|journal=Neuroendocrinology|volume=92 Suppl 1|pages=1–5|date=2010|pmid=20829610|doi=10.1159/000314297|doi-access=free}}</ref> Indwara ya Cushing yasobanuwe bwa mbere n'umuganga w'imitsi w'umunyamerika Harvey Cushing mu 1932.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cushing Syndrome: Condition Information|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193912/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Indwara ya Cushing ishobora no kugaragara mu zindi nyamaswa zirimo [[injangwe]], [[imbwa]] n'amafarashi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Etienne Cote|title=Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323240741|page=502|edition=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmziBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908153203/https://books.google.com/books?id=NmziBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=McCue PM|title=Equine Cushing's disease|journal=The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice|volume=18|issue=3|pages=533–43, viii|date=December 2002|pmid=12516933|doi=10.1016/s0749-0739(02)00038-x}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Deksamethasoni]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] eg8lneu45s89cvv0af8nhfa5uwoxa9u 0 23371 149289 142794 2026-11-07T20:04:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Indwara ya Serotonin | synonyms = ''Serotonin syndrome'', ''serotonin toxicity'' | image = Serotonin-2D-skeletal.svg | caption = Serotonin | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibyihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, toxicologie | symptoms = Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, guhangayika, guhinda umushyitsi, kubira ibyuya | onset = Mu munsi umwe | causes = Imiti yongera serotonin (SSRI, SNRI, MAOI...) | diagnosis = Bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'imiti umuntu yafashe | treatment = Guhagarika imiti yabiteye, gukonjesha umubiri | medication = Benzodiazépines, cyproheptadine }} '''Indwara ya Serotonin''' (''serotonin syndrome'', '''SS''') ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bigaragara iyo umuntu afashe imiti imwe n'imwe yongera serotonin mu mubiri. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye; ubuvuzi bwa mbere ni uguhagarika imiti yabiteye. == Ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:ClonusfromSS (edited).webm|thumb|Indwara ya Serotonin]] Indwara ya Serotonin ( SS ) ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo umuntu afashe imiti cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe itera serotonin.<ref name="Fer2016">{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323448383|pages=1154–1155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1154|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829051951/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1154|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingano y'ibimenyetso ishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye.<ref name="Vol2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD|title=Serotonin syndrome|journal=The Ochsner Journal|volume=13|issue=4|pages=533–40|date=2013|pmid=24358002|pmc=3865832}}</ref> Ibimenyetso mu bihe byoroheje birimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no gutera cyane k'umutima; akenshi nta muriro urimo.<ref name="Vol2013" /> Ibimenyetso mu bihe biri hagati birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, guhindagurika kw'imitekerereze, kwiyongera kw'imitekerereze, guhinda umushyitsi, ibyuya, amaso y'umubiri yagutse, no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name="Fer2016" /><ref name="Vol2013" /> Mu bihe bikomeye ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bushobora kwiyongera bukarenga {{Convert|41.1|C|F|1}}.<ref name="Vol2013" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege no kuvunika imitsi cyane.<ref name="Vol2013" /> == Impamvu == Indwara ya Serotonin ikunze guterwa no gukoresha imiti cyangwa imiti ibiri cyangwa myinshi itera serotonin.<ref name="Vol2013" /> Ibi bishobora kuba birimo inhibitor ya serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), inhibitor ya serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), inhibitor ya monoamine oxidase (MAOI), imiti igabanya ubukana bwa tricyclic (TCAs), amfetamine, pethidine (meperidine), tramadol, dextromethorphan, buspirone, L-tryptophan, 5-HTP, St. John's wort, triptans, ecstasy (MDMA), metoclopramide, [[ondansetron]], cyangwa [[kokayine]].<ref name="Vol2013" /> Bibaho hafi 15% by'ibipimo byo gukoresha SSRI birenze urugero.<ref name="Dom2013">{{Cite book|last=Domino|first=Frank J.|last2=Baldor|first2=Robert A.|title=The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014|date=2013|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451188509|page=1124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1124|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829171038/https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1124|url-status=live}}</ref> Ni ingaruka zishoboka zo kuba serotonin nyinshi ku buryo bworoshye bwo mu mitsi yo hagati (CNS).<ref name="Boy2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Boyer EW, Shannon M|title=The serotonin syndrome|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=11|pages=1112–20|date=March 2005|pmid=15784664|doi=10.1056/NEJMra041867|url=http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/art%203%20serotonin%20syndrome.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618053344/http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/art%203%20serotonin%20syndrome.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-18}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara mu munsi umwe nyuma yo kuba serotonin yiyongereyeho.<ref name="Vol2013" /> == Isuzuma == Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso by'umuntu n'amateka ye yo gukoresha imiti.<ref name="Vol2013" /> Izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo nka neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, na meningitis zigomba gukurwaho.<ref name="Vol2013" /> Nta bipimo byo muri laboratwari bishobora kwemeza ko indwara yanduye.<ref name="Vol2013" /> == Ubuvuzi == Ubuvuzi bwa mbere bugizwe no guhagarika imiti ishobora kuba irimo uruhare.<ref name="Fer2016" /> Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhangayika, imiti ya benzodiazepines ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="Fer2016" /> Iyo ibi bidahagije, ushobora gukoresha umuti urwanya serotonin nka cyproheptadine.<ref name="Fer2016" /> Ku bafite ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, ingamba zo gukonjesha zishobora kuba ngombwa.<ref name="Fer2016" /> Umubare w'abantu barwara indwara ya serotonin buri mwaka nturamenyekana neza.<ref name="Dom2013" /> Iyo umuntu avuwe neza, ibyago byo gupfa biri munsi ya kimwe ku ijana.<ref name="Fri2015">{{Cite book|last=Friedman|first=Joseph H.|title=Medication-Induced Movement Disorders|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107066007|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqymCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829054048/https://books.google.com/books?id=BqymCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Urubanza rwa Libby Zion, uzwi cyane ko yapfuye azize indwara ya serotonin, rwatumye habaho impinduka mu mashuri yisumbuye y’ubuganga muri Leta ya New York.<ref name="Boy2005" /><ref name="Bre1998">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brensilver JM, Smith L, Lyttle CS|title=Impact of the Libby Zion case on graduate medical education in internal medicine|journal=The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York|volume=65|issue=4|pages=296–300|date=September 1998|pmid=9757752|doi=}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Citalopram]] * [[Fluoxetine]] * [[Ondansetron]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 4c1nm5pzge7895jram9arahy78819ei 0 23380 149434 141252 2026-11-07T21:27:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Roméo Dallaire | image = Darfur-Rally 019.jpg | caption = Roméo Dallaire | birth_name = Roméo Antonius Dallaire | birth_date = 25 Kamena 1946 | birth_place = Denekamp, [[Ubuholandi]] | nationality = Umunyakanada | occupation = Umusirikare (''lieutenant-général''), umunyapolitiki, umwanditsi | known_for = Umuyobozi w'ingabo za [[MINUAR]] mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] | notable_works = ''Shake Hands with the Devil'' (2003) }} '''Roméo Antonius Dallaire''' (yavutse ku wa 25 Kamena 1946 i Denekamp, mu [[Ubuholandi]]) ni umusirikare w'Umunyakanada wageze ku ipeti rya ''lieutenant-général'', akaba n'umunyapolitiki n'umwanditsi. Azwi cyane kubera ko yari umuyobozi w'ingabo z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye zari mu butumwa bwa [[MINUAR]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Yagerageje gukangurira umuryango mpuzamahanga ibyaberaga mu Rwanda ariko ntiyumvwa. Ibyo yabonye yabyanditse mu gitabo ''Shake Hands with the Devil'' (''J'ai serré la main du diable''). == Ubuzima == Dallaire ni umuhungu wa Roméo Louis Dallaire, wari umusirikare wo mu ngabo za [[Kanada]], na Catherine Vermaessen, umuforomokazi w'Umuholandi. Yageze muri Kanada afite amezi atandatu, mu Ukuboza 1946, akurira i Montréal.<ref name="RC">{{Cite web |last=Lebeuf |first=Sophie-Hélène |title=Roméo Dallaire : Un général dans la tourmente rwandaise |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/dossiers/tetes/dallaire/index.html |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr}}</ref> Yinjiye mu ngabo za Kanada mu 1964, abona impamyabumenyi mu bumenyi (''baccalauréat'') mu Ishuri rya Gisirikare rya Saint-Jean, aba umusirikare mukuru mu mutwe w'imbunda nini (''Artillerie royale canadienne'').<ref name="RMC">{{Cite web |title=7860 Lieutenant-général, l'honorable Roméo Antonius Dallaire, OC, CMM, GOQ, MSC, CD |url=https://www.rmc-cmr.ca/fr/cabinet-du-commandant/romeo-antonius-dallaire |website=Collège militaire royal du Canada |date=2017-08-17 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ubutumwa bwa MINUAR mu Rwanda == Mu Ukwakira 1993, Dallaire yoherejwe mu Rwanda nk'umuyobozi w'ingabo za [[MINUAR]], ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwari bugamije gufasha igihugu gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho ishingiye ku masezerano ya [[Umujyi wa Arusha|Arusha]].<ref name="RC" /> Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], indege ye imaze guhanurwa ku wa 6 Mata 1994, abahezanguni b'Abahutu bari ku butegetsi, bifashishije [[Interahamwe]] n'icengezamatwara rya radiyo RTLM, batangiye kwica Abatutsi n'Abahutu batavugaga rumwe na bo. Dallaire yari ayoboye ingabo nke zifite intwaro zoroheje, kandi yari yarategetswe kudakoresha ingufu keretse mu kwirwanaho. Abasirikare icumi b'[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] bari bashinzwe kurinda Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] bishwe n'ingabo zirinda Perezida ([[Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi]]); nyuma yaho Ububiligi bwakuyeho ingabo zabwo, MINUAR iracika intege. Mu minsi ijana, abantu hafi 800 000 barishwe.<ref name="RC" /> Raporo y'impuguke z'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika (OUA) yashimye ibikorwa bya Dallaire.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Organisation de l'unité africaine |title=Rwanda : le génocide qu'on aurait pu stopper |year=2000 |language=fr}}</ref> Ariko yanenzwe na bamwe, barimo umunyamakuru Robin Philpot, ndetse no mu Bubiligi ku byerekeye urupfu rw'abasirikare b'Ababiligi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philpot |first=Robin |title=Le drame rwandais - Roméo Dallaire veut-il brouiller les pistes ? |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/non-classe/44183/le-drame-rwandais-romeo-dallaire-veut-il-brouiller-les-pistes |website=Le Devoir |language=fr}}</ref> == Nyuma y'u Rwanda == [[File:RoméoDallaire07TIFF.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Roméo Dallaire mu 2007]] Agarutse muri Kanada, yahawe imyanya ikomeye mu ngabo z'igihugu. Kuva yava mu Rwanda arwaye [[ihungabana]] (''trouble de stress post-traumatique''), ibyo byatumye ava mu ngabo ku wa 22 Mata 2000 kubera impamvu z'ubuzima.<ref name="RC" /><ref name="RMC" /> Mu 2003 yagize ati: « Abantu ibihumbi magana inani bapfuye mu mpeshyi ya 1994, kandi nta n'umwe wagize icyo akora. »<ref>{{Cite web |title=« 800 000 morts. Entendez-vous ? » - Les cauchemars d'un général |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/monde/42873/800-000-morts-entendez-vous-les-cauchemars-d-un-general |website=Le Devoir |date=2003-12-13 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2003 yasohoye igitabo ''Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda'', cyamuhesheje igihembo cya Guverineri Mukuru wa Kanada mu 2004. Muri Mata 2004, yatanze ubuhamya imbere y'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) mu rubanza rwa Koloneli [[Théoneste Bagosora]]. Ku wa 25 Werurwe 2005, Minisitiri w'Intebe Paul Martin yamushyize muri Sena ya Kanada, aho yicaye nk'umunyamuryango w'ishyaka ry'Aba-Libéraux. Yavuye muri Sena ku wa 17 Kamena 2014, kugira ngo yite ku bikorwa birwanya ikoreshwa ry'abana mu ntambara, ku basirikare bakomeretse no ku kwibuka imyaka 20 ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Très sollicité, Roméo Dallaire quittera le Sénat |url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/Politique/2014/05/28/001-demission-senat-dallaire-romeo-retraite.shtml |website=Radio-Canada |date=2014-05-28 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ibihembo no mu buhanzi == Dallaire ni ''officier'' w'Iteka rya Kanada (''Ordre du Canada''), ''commandeur'' w'Iteka ry'Ubutwari bwa Gisirikare, na ''grand officier'' w'Iteka ry'Igihugu rya Québec.<ref name="RMC" /> Inkuru ye yakozwemo filime: ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' (2004), aho umukinnyi Nick Nolte akina umuntu ushingiye kuri we; filime mbarankuru ''Shake Hands with the Devil: The Journey of Roméo Dallaire'' (2004); na filime ''Shake Hands with the Devil'' (2007) yafatiwe i [[Kigali]], aho Roy Dupuis akina uruhare rwe. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[MINUAR]] * [[Luc Marchal]] * [[Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi]] * [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Roméo Dallaire : Un général dans la tourmente rwandaise |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/dossiers/tetes/dallaire/index.html |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |title=Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda |url=https://archive.org/details/shakehandswithde0000dall_r5m5 |location=Toronto |publisher=Random House Canada |year=2003 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dallaire, Romeo}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Kanada]] 9eynr314y8dgde9mtuunm6sjr8ffzbj 0 23384 149440 141481 2026-11-07T21:30:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Naloxone | image = Naloxone.svg | tradename = Narcan, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a612022 | routes_of_administration = Mu mitsi, mu nyama, mu mazuru | ATC_prefix = V03 | ATC_suffix = AB15 | CAS_number = 465-65-6 | PubChem = 5284596 | DrugBank = DB01183 | UNII = 36B82AMQ7N | KEGG = D08249 | ChEMBL = 80 | C=19 | H=21 | N=1 | O=4 }} '''Naloxone''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Narcan''', ni umuti uhagarika ingaruka za opioid nka [[morphine]] cyangwa [[Heroine|heroyine]]. Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutabara abantu bafashe opioid nyinshi, ubuhumekero bwabo bukagabanuka. Iterwa mu mitsi, mu nyama cyangwa mu mazuru, kandi ikora mu minota mike. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi iboneka nk'umuti rusange. == Ikoreshwa == Naloxone ni umuti ukoreshwa mu guhagarika ingaruka za opioid. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya kugabanuka k'ubuhumekero mu gihe umuntu yafashe opioid nyinshi (''overdose'').<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|title=Naloxone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Jan 2, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102115454/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=2015-01-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102115454/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html |date=2015-01-02 }}</ref> Naloxone ishobora kandi kuvangwa na opioid (mu kinini kimwe), kugira ngo igabanye ibyago byo gukoresha nabi opioid.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> Iyo itewe mu mutsi w'amaraso, ingaruka zitangira mu minota ibiri, naho iyo itewe mu nyama zitangira mu minota itanu.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> Indi nzira ishobora gutangwa ni ukuyitera mu mazuru y'umuntu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=James R.|title=Roberts and Hedges' clinical procedures in emergency medicine|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|location=London|isbn=9781455748594|page=476|edition=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slyLreFkHuIC&pg=PA476|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=slyLreFkHuIC&pg=PA476|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Ingaruka za naloxone zimara hagati y'igice cy'isaha n'isaha imwe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bosack|first=Robert|title=Anesthesia Complications in the Dental Office|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118828625|page=191|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn51BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn51BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Hashobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha doze nyinshi, kuko igihe cy'imikorere ya opioid nyinshi kiruta icya naloxone.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> == Ingaruka mbi == Kuyiha abantu babaswe na opioid bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo guhagarika opioid, harimo kubura umutuzo, guhagarika umutima, isesemi, [[Kuruka|kuruka]], umutima utera cyane, no kubira ibyuya.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> Kugira ngo hirindwe ibi, doze ntoya buri minota mike zishobora gutangwa kugeza igihe umusaruro wifuza ugezweho.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> Ku bantu bahoze bafite indwara z'umutima cyangwa bafata imiti igira ingaruka mbi ku mutima, habayeho ibindi bibazo by'umutima. Bigaragara ko nta kibazo iteza ku bagore batwite, nubwo yahawe umubare muto wabo. == Uko ikora == Naloxone ni umuti urwanya (''antagonist'') imyakiriro ya opioid utarobanura.<ref name="NHM-Naloxone pharmacology">{{Cite book| vauthors = Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE | title = Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience | year = 2009 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Medical | location = New York | isbn = 9780071481274 | pages = 190–191, 287 | edition = 2nd | quote= Products of this research include the discovery of lipophilic, small-molecule opioid receptor antagonists, such as naloxone and naltrexone, which have been critical tools for investigating the physiology and behavioral actions of opiates.&nbsp;... A competitive antagonist of opiate action (naloxone) had been identified in early studies.&nbsp;... Opiate antagonists have clinical utility as well. Naloxone, a nonselective antagonist with a relative affinity of μ > δ > κ, is used to treat heroin and other opiate overdoses.|editor-last=Sydor A, Brown RY}}</ref> Ikora mu gusubiza inyuma ihungabana ry'urwungano rw'imyakura rwo hagati n'urw'ubuhumekero riterwa na opioid.<ref name=AHFS2015 /> == Amateka == Naloxone yahawe ipatanti mu 1961, yemererwa kuvura abafashe opioid nyinshi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1971. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS).<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Igiciro == Naloxone iraboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic''). Igiciro cyayo mu bucuruzi bwinshi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya $0.50 na $5.30 kuri doze. Uducupa twa naloxone ntabwo duhenze cyane (munsi y'amadolari 25) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2014 classic shirt-pocket edition|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Sudbury|isbn=9781284053982|page=174|edition=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0KFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=y0KFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Mu 2020, igiciro cy'ipaki y'inshinge ebyiri zikoresha ubwazo (''auto-injectors'') muri Amerika cyari $178. Igiciro cya 2018 cya NHS mu [[Ubwongereza]] ni hafi £5 kuri doze.<ref name="BNF74">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 74|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join|date=2017|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0857112989|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf74september200000join/page/1260 1260]|edition=74}}</ref> Muri [[Ositaraliya]], doze imwe iboneka nta rupapuro rwa muganga, kandi igura AU$20; abafite dose eshanu bashobora kuzigura AU$40, zingana n'amadolari umunani kuri doze imwe. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Ibiyobyabwenge]] * [[Morphine]] * [[Buprenorfine]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] gmzoospsldq7d2mjnzoq0cc947o49sf 0 23388 149331 141486 2026-11-07T20:32:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Midazolam | image = Midazolam.svg | tradename = Versed, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a609003 | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, mu mitsi, mu nyama, mu mazuru, mu itama | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = CD08 | CAS_number = 59467-70-8 | PubChem = 4192 | DrugBank = DB00683 | UNII = R60L0SM5BC | KEGG = D00550 | ChEMBL = 655 | C=18 | H=13 | Cl=1 | F=1 | N=3 }} '''Midazolam''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Versed''', ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya, guturisha umurwayi, kuvura ingorane zo gusinzira n'ibitero by'igicuri. Itera gusinzira, igabanya imihangayiko kandi ishobora gutera kwibagirwa ibibaye. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi ntihenze. == Ikoreshwa == Midazolam ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya, guturisha umurwayi mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi, kuvura ingorane zo gusinzira no guhagarika umutima gukabije.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Midazolam Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/midazolam-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905074829/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/midazolam-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=2015-09-05}} </ref> Ikora mu gutera gusinzira, kugabanya imihangayiko, no gutuma umuntu atabasha kubika ibyibukwa bishya.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ni ingirakamaro kandi mu kuvura ibitero by'igicuri (''seizures'').<ref name="Sei2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brigo F, Nardone R, Tezzon F, Trinka E|title=Nonintravenous midazolam versus intravenous or rectal diazepam for the treatment of early status epilepticus: A systematic review with meta-analysis|journal=Epilepsy & Behavior|volume=49|pages=325–36|date=August 2015|pmid=25817929|doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.030}}</ref> Midazolam ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu mutsi w'amaraso, mu rushinge mu nyama, mu mazuru cyangwa mu itama.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Sei2015" /> Iyo itewe mu mutsi w'amaraso, akenshi itangira gukora mu minota itanu; iyo itewe mu nyama, bishobora gufata iminota cumi n'itanu kugira ngo itangire gukora.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka zimara hagati y'isaha imwe n'esheshatu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'imbaraga zo guhumeka, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka, no gusinzira.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umubiri ushobora kumenyera ingaruka zayo, kandi ibimenyetso byo kuyireka bishobora kubaho nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire.<ref name="Riss-2008" /> Ingaruka zidasanzwe, nko kongera ibikorwa, zishobora kubaho cyane cyane ku bana no ku bantu bakuze.<ref name="Riss-2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S|title=Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics|journal=Acta Neurologica Scandinavica|volume=118|issue=2|pages=69–86|date=August 2008|pmid=18384456|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x}}</ref> Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ibyago iyo bikoreshejwe mu gihe cyo gutwita ariko nta bimenyetso byerekana ingaruka mbi iyo hakoreshejwe doze imwe mu gihe cyo konsa.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Midazolam use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/midazolam.html|access-date=29 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082026/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/midazolam.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}} </ref> == Uko ikora == Iri mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine bw'imiti kandi ikora mu kongera imikorere ya neurotransmitter ya GABA mu [[ubwonko]].<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Midazolam yahawe ipatanti mu 1974, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1982.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=539|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA539|language=en|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043518/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA539|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) nk'umuti usimbura lorazepam.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Igiciro n'amategeko == Iraboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic'') kandi ntabwo ihenze cyane.<ref name="Ric2015" /> Igiciro cy'agacupa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi 0.35$.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Midazolam|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1316&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 August 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072833/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1316&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu bihugu byinshi, ni umuti ugenzurwa n'amategeko.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Naloxone]] * [[Kubura ibitotsi]] * [[Ubwonko]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] igrtuhibe5ln5ebmiv3ld3iwzig27bl 0 23392 149404 141489 2026-11-07T21:19:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Mupirocin | image = Mupirocin structure.png | tradename = Bactroban, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a688004 | routes_of_administration = Gusigwa ku ruhu | ATC_prefix = D06 | ATC_suffix = AX09 | CAS_number = 12650-69-0 | PubChem = 446596 | DrugBank = DB00410 | UNII = D0GX863OA5 | KEGG = D01076 | ChEMBL = 719 | C=26 | H=44 | O=9 }} '''Mupirocin''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Bactroban''', ni antibiyotike isigwa ku ruhu ivura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na [[Bagiteri|bagiteri]], nka impetigo, ikanakoreshwa mu gukura MRSA mu mazuru. Ikora ibuza bagiteri gukora poroteyine. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi ntihenze. == Ikoreshwa == Mupirocin ni antibiyotike isigwa ku ruhu, ivura indwara z'uruhu nk'impetigo cyangwa folliculitis.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|publisher=World Health Organization|page=[https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse/page/298 298]}}</ref> Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ''Staphylococcus aureus'' itavurwa na methicillin (MRSA) iri mu mazuru ariko idatera ibimenyetso.<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Mupirocin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005721/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005721/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html |date=21 December 2016 }}</ref> Kubera impungenge z'uko bagiteri zayimenyera (''resistance''), kuyikoresha mu gihe kirenze iminsi icumi ntibisabwa.<ref name="WHO2008" /> Ikoreshwa nk'amavuta (''cream'' cyangwa ''ointment'') asigwa ku ruhu.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuryaryata n'uduheri aho yasizwe, kurwara umutwe n'isesemi. Kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibihumyo byiyongera.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no konsa bigaragara ko nta kibazo biteza.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> == Uko ikora == Mupirocin iri mu miti yo mu bwoko bwa aside karubokisilike.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khanna|first=Ramesh|last2=Krediet|first2=Raymond T.|title=Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780387789408|page=421|edition=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSkN5rbg6o0C&pg=PA421|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183359/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSkN5rbg6o0C&pg=PA421|archive-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> Ikora mu kubuza ubushobozi bwa bagiteri bwo gukora poroteyine, ibi bikaba bikunze gutuma bagiteri ipfa.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> == Amateka == Mupirocin yavanywe bwa mbere muri bagiteri ''Pseudomonas fluorescens'' mu 1971.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Heggers|first=John P.|last2=Robson|first2=Martin C.|last3=Phillips|first3=Linda G.|title=Quantitative Bacteriology: Its Role in the Armamentarium of the Surgeon|date=1990|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849351297|page=118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfL2NCLE7SsC&pg=PA118|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183359/https://books.google.com/books?id=kfL2NCLE7SsC&pg=PA118|archive-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS).<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> == Igiciro == Igiciro cyo kugurisha mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi $2.10 ku gacupa (''tube'') ka garama 15. Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], umuti w'ubuvuzi bwose ugura hagati y’amadolari 25 na 50.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=178}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 186 mu yandikwa kenshi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni eshatu. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Bagiteri]] * [[Selulite]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 3x76xzj50bqcx15xmrl8xgzhz7yf8wj 0 23395 149383 141522 2026-11-07T21:11:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Minoxidil | image = Minoxidil structure.svg | tradename = Loniten, Rogaine, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a682608 | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, gusigwa ku ruhu | ATC_prefix = C02 | ATC_suffix = DC01 | CAS_number = 38304-91-5 | PubChem = 4201 | DrugBank = DB00350 | UNII = 5965120SH1 | KEGG = D00418 | ChEMBL = 802 | C=9 | H=15 | N=5 | O=1 }} '''Minoxidil''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Loniten''' na '''Rogaine''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ufatwa mu kanwa, n'uruhara, usigwa ku ruhu. Ikora yagura imiyoboro y'amaraso. Yemewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi kuva mu 1979 kandi iboneka nk'umuti rusange. == Ikoreshwa == Minoxidil ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso n'uruhara rusanzwe ku bagabo (''male-pattern hair loss''). Ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ikoreshwa gusa iyo ukabije kandi udashobora kugabanywa n'umuti wongera inkari (''diuretic'') n'indi miti ibiri.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join/page/186 186]}}</ref> Ku bijyanye n'uruhara, igira akamaro ku bagabo no ku bagore.<ref name=AHFS2020Top>{{cite web |title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |date=29 October 2020 }}</ref> Ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ifatwa mu kanwa mu gihe ku ruhara isigwa ku ruhu.<ref name="BNF79" /><ref name=AHFS2020Top /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo umuntu anyoye mu kanwa zirimo kubyimba, umutima utera vuba, kumera k'ubwoya bwinshi n'isesemi. Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'insoro z'amaraso zera, [[indwara ya Stevens-Johnson]] na angina.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo zikoreshejwe ku ruhu zirimo kuryaryata no kwiyubura kw'uruhu aho yasizwe. Umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa ntusobanutse neza, kandi ntibisabwa kuyikoresha muri ibyo bihe. == Uko ikora == Nk'umuti uvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ikora mu kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso.<ref name="Katzung2021">{{Cite book|last=Benowitz|first=Neal L.|editor-last=Katzung|editor-first=Bertram G.|editor-last2=Trevor|editor-first2=Anthony J.|title=Basic and Clinical Pharmacology|edition=15th|date=2020|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-45231-0|page=183-186|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Antihypertensive agents|access-date=2021-12-05|archive-date=2021-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010205018/https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Uburyo ikora ku ruhara ntibusobanutse neza.<ref name=AHFS2020Top /> == Amateka == Minoxidil yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1979. == Igiciro == Muri Amerika, iboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic'') w'ibinini utangwa na muganga, naho isigwa ku ruhu igurwa nta rupapuro rwa muganga.<ref name=AHFS2020Oral>{{cite web |title=Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |date=16 November 2018 }}</ref> Mu 2020, mu [[Ubwongereza]], doze ya 5 mg ku munsi yatwaraga NHS amapawundi agera kuri 9 ku kwezi.<ref name="BNF79" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson]] * [[Kunanirwa k'umutima]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] bwqapmhapee590jq6kdlwrbpntgynx7 0 23396 149223 141523 2026-11-07T19:18:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Buprenorphine | image = Buprenorphine.svg | tradename = Subutex, Suboxone, n'indi | MedlinePlus = a605002 | routes_of_administration = Munsi y'ururimi, mu itama, inshinge, ku ruhu, munsi y'uruhu | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = AE01 | CAS_number = 52485-79-7 | PubChem = 644073 | DrugBank = DB00921 | UNII = 40D3SCR4GZ | KEGG = D07132 | ChEMBL = 511142 | C=29 | H=41 | N=1 | O=4 }} '''Buprenorphine''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Subutex''', ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa opioid ukoreshwa mu kuvura abantu babaswe na opioid ndetse n'ububabare bukabije cyangwa budakira. Ishobora gufatwa munsi y'ururimi, mu nshinge cyangwa ku ruhu. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS, ariko kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nabi nk'ikiyobyabwenge. == Ikoreshwa == Buprenorphine ni opioid ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara yo kubatwa na opioid (''opioid use disorder''), ububabare bukabije, n'ububabare budakira.<ref name="ASHP2017">{{Cite web|title=Buprenorphine Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html|website=drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=17 March 2017|date=26 January 2017|archive-date=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718164516/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ishobora gukoreshwa munsi y'ururimi, mu itama, mu guterwa inshinge, nk'agapapuro komekwa ku ruhu (''patch''), cyangwa nk'agakoresho gashyirwa munsi y'uruhu (''implant'').<ref name="ASHP2017" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Announcements – FDA approves first buprenorphine implant for treatment of opioid dependence|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm|website=FDA|access-date=12 December 2017|language=en|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130112207/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku ndwara yo kubatwa na opioid, akenshi itangira iyo ibimenyetso byo kuyireka bitangiye, ndetse no mu minsi ibiri ya mbere yo kuvurwa umuntu akurikiranwa n'umuganga.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Kuvanga buprenorphine na [[naloxone]] (Suboxone) birasabwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikoreshwa nabi iterwa mu nshinge.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Ingaruka zayo zigera ku ntera yo hejuru nyuma y'isaha imwe, zikamara kugeza ku masaha 24.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'ubuhumekero, gusinzira, kunanirwa kw'imvubura za adrenal (''adrenal insufficiency''), kwiyongera kw'igihe cya QT, umuvuduko w'amaraso muke, ubwivumbure bw'umubiri (''allergy'') no kubatwa na opioid.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Ku bigeze kugira ibitero by'igicuri (''seizures''), hari ibyago byo kongera kubigira.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Ibimenyetso byo kuyireka nyuma yo guhagarika buprenorphine muri rusange ntibikabije cyane ugereranyije n'iby'indi miti ya opioid.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Ntibirasobanuka neza niba kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] nta kibazo biteza, kandi kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo konsa ntibisabwa.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> == Uko ikora == Buprenorphine igira ingaruka ku bwoko butandukanye bwa opioid receptors mu buryo butandukanye.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa receptor, ishobora kuba agonist, partial agonist, cyangwa antagonist.<ref name="ASHP2017" /> == Amateka == Buprenorphine yahawe ipatanti mu 1965, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1981.<ref name="ASHP2017" /><ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=528|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA528|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829111648/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA528|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), nk'umuti ushobora gusimbura methadone.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mu 2017, muri Amerika handitswe impapuro z'imiti (''prescriptions'') zigera kuri miliyoni 14.6 ziyisaba.<ref name="DEA2019" /> == Ikoreshwa nabi n'igiciro == Ni umuti ukunze gukoreshwa nabi, rimwe na rimwe mu mwanya wa [[heroine]].<ref name="DEA2019" /> Hari abayikoresha nk'ikiyobyabwenge bayitera mu nshinge cyangwa bayihumeka mu mazuru kubera umunezero udasanzwe (''high'') itera.<ref name="DEA2019" /> Muri Amerika, iri ku rutonde rwa gatatu (''Schedule III'') rw'ibiyobyabwenge bigenzurwa.<ref name="DEA2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/buprenorphine.pdf|title=Buprenorphine|last=Drug Enforcement Administration|date=July 2019|website=DEA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202918/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/buprenorphine.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> Mu 2021, doze ya 8 mg ku munsi ntiyari ihenze muri Amerika,<ref name="Drugs.com.Cost">{{Cite web|title=Buprenorphine Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/buprenorphine|website=Drugs.com|access-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110233732/https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/buprenorphine|archive-date=13 February 2021|language=en}}</ref> kandi yatwaraga NHS mu [[Ubwongereza]] amapawundi ari munsi gato ya 2.50.<ref name="BNF80">{{Cite book|title=BNF|date=September 2020 – March 2021|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0-85711-369-6|edition=80|location=|page=468-474}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Naloxone]] * [[Heroine]] * [[Ibiyobyabwenge]] * [[Morphine]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] li7nj57k52fndy830doafo5a20k8rfi 0 23401 149395 141540 2026-11-07T21:14:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Umuriro w'umuhondo | synonyms = ''Yellow fever'' | image = Yellow fever risk countries map.svg | caption = Ibihugu bifite ibyago by'umuriro w'umuhondo | field = Indwara zandura | symptoms = Umuriro, ubukonje, kubabara imikaya, kurwara umutwe, uruhu rw'umuhondo | complications = Kwangirika k'umwijima, kuva amaraso, kunanirwa kw'impyiko | duration = Iminsi 3–4 | causes = Virusi y'umuriro w'umuhondo ikwirakwizwa n'imibu | diagnosis = Gupima amaraso (PCR) | prevention = Urukingo, kurwanya imibu | treatment = Kuvura ibimenyetso | frequency = 127.000 barwaye cyane (2013) | deaths = 45.000 (2013) }} '''Umuriro w'umuhondo''' (''yellow fever'') ni indwara iterwa na [[virusi]] ikwirakwizwa n'[[Umubu|imibu]]. Akenshi itera umuriro, kubabara umutwe n'imikaya, ariko ku bagera kuri 15% by'abarwayi yangiza [[umwijima]], igatera uruhu rw'umuhondo. Hari urukingo rwizewe ruyirinda. Ikunze kugaragara muri [[Afurika]] no muri Amerika y'Epfo, aho yateje impfu zigera ku 45.000 mu 2013. == Ibimenyetso == Umuriro w'umuhondo ni indwara iterwa na virusi, ikunze kumara igihe gito.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|website=World Health Organization|access-date=23 February 2014|date=May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219011908/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Kenshi na kenshi, ibimenyetso birimo umuriro, ubukonje, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, isesemi, kubabara imitsi cyane cyane mu mugongo, no kuribwa umutwe.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ibimenyetso bikunze gukira mu minsi itanu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu bantu bagera kuri 15%, nyuma y'umunsi umwe ibimenyetso bigabanutse, umuriro uragaruka, bakababara mu nda, kandi kwangirika kw'umwijima gutangira gutera uruhu rw'umuhondo.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Scully|first=Crispian|title=Scully's Medical Problems in Dentistry|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-5963-6|page=572|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZXdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA572|language=en|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2020-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122124625/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZXdAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA572|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo ibi bibaye, ibyago byo kuva amaraso no kugira ibibazo by'impyiko biriyongera.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Impamvu == Iyi ndwara iterwa na virusi ya yellow fever kandi ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa [[Umubu|n'umubu]] w'ingore wanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ifata gusa abantu, izindi nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw'inguge (''primates''), n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'imibu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu mijyi, ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane na ''Aedes aegypti'', ubwoko bw'umubu uboneka mu turere dushyuha n'utuyegereye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi virusi ni virusi ya RNA yo mu bwoko bwa ''Flavivirus''.<ref name="lindenbach2007">{{Cite book|title=Fields Virology|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldsvirology0001unse_m2s6|edition=5th|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|last=Lindenbach, B. D.|editor-last=Knipe, D. M.|editor-last2=P. M. Howley|year=2007|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=[https://archive.org/details/fieldsvirology0001unse_m2s6/page/1103 1101]|isbn=978-0-7817-6060-7|chapter=Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication|display-authors=etal}}</ref> == Isuzuma == Iyi ndwara ishobora kugorana kuyitandukanya n'izindi ndwara, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Kugira ngo hemezwe ko umuntu ukekwa ayirwaye, hakenewe gupima amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa ''polymerase chain reaction'' (PCR).<ref name="Toll2009">{{Cite journal|last=Tolle MA|title=Mosquito-borne diseases|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-problems-in-pediatric-and-adolescent-health-care_2009-04_39_4/page/97|journal=Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care|volume=39|issue=4|pages=97–140|date=April 2009|pmid=19327647|doi=10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001}}</ref> == Kwirinda == Hari urukingo rwizewe kandi rufite akamaro rwo kurwanya umuriro w'umuhondo, kandi hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisaba ko abagenzi bakingirwa.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Izindi ngamba zo gukumira ubwandu zirimo kugabanya umubare w’imibu yanduza.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu turere aho umuriro w'umuhondo ikunze kugaragara, gusuzuma hakiri kare abanduye no gukingira igice kinini cy’abaturage ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ibyorezo.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Kuvura == Iyo umuntu yanduye, ubuvuzi bwibanda ku kuvura ibimenyetso, kuko nta muti wihariye urwanya virusi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwara indwara ikomeye barapfa.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="preven">{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions About Yellow Fever|url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/qa/|website=CDC|access-date=18 March 2016|date=August 21, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210418/http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/qa/|archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> == Ikwirakwira == Mu 2013, umuriro w'umuhondo wateje indwara zikomeye zigera ku 127.000 n'impfu 45.000,<ref name="WHO2014" /> hafi 90% by'izi ndwara zagaragaye mu bihugu bya [[Afurika]].<ref name="Toll2009" /> Abantu hafi miliyari imwe batuye mu gace k’isi aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bikunze kugaragara mu turere dushyuha tw’imigabane ya [[Amerika y’Epfo]] na [[Afurika]], ariko si muri [[Aziya]].<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="CDC2011">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|title=CDC Yellow Fever|access-date=2012-12-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221085711/http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|archive-date=2012-12-21}}</ref> Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, umubare w'abarwayi b'umuriro w'umuhondo wakomeje kwiyongera.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="Barr2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barrett AD, Higgs S|title=Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered|journal=Annu. Rev. Entomol.|volume=52|pages=209–29|year=2007|pmid=16913829|doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454|s2cid=9896455|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1471c85c1528a99f06f8273e7851e5b37cfc7cfc|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429042155/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Yellow-fever:-a-disease-that-has-yet-to-be-Barrett-Higgs/1471c85c1528a99f06f8273e7851e5b37cfc7cfc|url-status=live}}</ref> Bikekwa ko ibi biterwa n'uko abantu bake bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuri iyi ndwara, abantu benshi batuye mu mijyi, abantu bimuka kenshi, kandi [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|imihindagurikire y'ikirere]] yongera aho imibu iba.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Amateka == Iyi ndwara yatangiriye muri [[Afurika]] ikwirakwira muri [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] hamwe n'ubucuruzi bw'abacakara mu kinyejana cya 17.<ref name="Old2009">{{Cite book|last=Oldstone|first=Michael|title=Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975849-4|pages=102–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&pg=PA103|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223052653/https://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&pg=PA103|archive-date=2017-02-23}}</ref> Kuva mu kinyejana cya 17, ibyorezo byinshi bikomeye byagaragaye muri Amerika, Afurika no mu Burayi.<ref name="Old2009" /> Mu kinyejana cya 18 n'icya 19, umuriro w'umuhondo yafatwaga nk'imwe mu ndwara zandura ziteje akaga cyane.<ref name="Old2009" /> Mu 1927, virusi y'umuriro w'umuhondo yabaye virusi ya mbere y'abantu yashoboye gutandukanywa no kwigwa (''isolated'').<ref name="lindenbach2007" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpDaaFcFA3kC&pg=PA17|title=West Nile Virus|last=Sfakianos|first=Jeffrey|last2=Hecht|first2=Alan|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House|others=Foreword by David Heymann|isbn=978-1-60413-254-0|editor-last=Babcock|editor-first=Hilary|edition=2nd|series=Deadly Diseases & Epidemics|location=New York|page=17|type=Curriculum-based juvenile nonfiction|quote=The yellow fever virus was isolated in 1927|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126201007/https://books.google.com/books?id=wpDaaFcFA3kC&pg=PA17|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Umubu]] * [[Hepatite C]] * [[Virusi]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 724ee2f4twv9emh95ap0ezhfd327g0c 0 23404 149350 141529 2026-11-07T20:53:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Scleroderma | synonyms = ''Systemic sclerosis'' | image = Left Arm Scleroderma Patient.jpg | caption = Ukuboko kw'umurwayi wa scleroderma | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ingingo (rhumatologie), ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Uruhu rubyibushye, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, Raynaud's syndrome | complications = Ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora n'umutima | onset = Mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima | causes = Ntizwi | diagnosis = Ibimenyetso, ibizamini by'uruhu n'amaraso | treatment = Corticosteroids, methotrexate, NSAIDs | frequency = 3 kuri 100.000 ku mwaka }} '''Scleroderma''' ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo, bigatera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imikaya n'ingingo z'imbere. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uruhu rubyibuha rukanakomera. Impamvu yayo ntizwi kandi nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko imiti ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso. Ikunze gufata abagore kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima. == Ibimenyetso == Scleroderma ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo (''autoimmune''), zishobora gutera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imitsi, n'ingingo z'imbere.<ref name="GARD2017">{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|website=GARD|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en|date=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125233043/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|archive-date=25 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Handout on Health: Scleroderma|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/%5C/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 July 2017|date=August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704182735/https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|archive-date=4 July 2017}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba iherereye ku ruhu cyangwa ikaba yagera no ku zindi ngingo.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo uruhu rwabyibushye ahantu hamwe, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, ndetse n'amaraso adatembera neza mu ntoki cyangwa mu mano bitewe n'ubukonje.<ref name="NORD2007">{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=14 July 2017|date=2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908024649/http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma|archive-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> Ubwoko bumwe bw'iyi ndwara, buzwi nka CREST syndrome, bukunze gutera kwirundanya kwa calcium mu ruhu, ''Raynaud's syndrome'', ibibazo by'umuhogo, kubyibuha k'uruhu rw'intoki n'amano, ndetse n'uduce tw'imitsi mito y'amaraso yagutse.<ref name="NORD2007" /> == Impamvu == Impamvu ntiramenyekana; icyakora, bamwe bakeka ko ishobora kuba iterwa n'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo amateka y'umuryango, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize imiterere y'umubiri, ndetse no guhumeka umukungugu wa silika.<ref name="Har2018">{{Cite book|last=Jameson|first=Larry|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|date=2018|publisher=McGraw Hill|page=Chapter 353|edition=20th}}</ref><ref name="Bar2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes J, Mayes MD|title=Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: incidence, prevalence, survival, risk factors, malignancy, and environmental triggers|journal=Current Opinion in Rheumatology|volume=24|issue=2|pages=165–70|date=March 2012|pmid=22269658|doi=10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834ff2e8|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|access-date=2019-11-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170410/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/INCIDENCE-AND-PREVALENCE-OF-SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS-Barnes-Mayes/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gre2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Greenblatt MB, Aliprantis AO|title=The immune pathogenesis of scleroderma: context is everything|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=15|issue=1|pages=297|date=January 2013|pmid=23288576|pmc=3539168|doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0297-8|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192429/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Uburyo iterwa bukubiyemo gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo dufatanya umubiri (''connective tissue''), bikekwa ko ari ingaruka z’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwibasira ingingo nzima.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Isuzuma == Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso, bigashyigikirwa n'ibizamini by'uruhu cyangwa amaraso.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Kuvura == Nubwo nta muti uhari, kuvurwa bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso birushaho kuba byiza.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Imiti ikoreshwa irimo imiti ya corticosteroids, methotrexate, n'imiti igabanya ububabare n'ububyimbirwe itari steroide (NSAIDs).<ref name="GARD2017" /> Uko indwara izagenda biterwa n'ubukana bwayo.<ref name="Har2018" /> Abafite indwara ifata uruhu ahantu hamwe gusa muri rusange babaho igihe gisanzwe.<ref name="Un2006">{{Cite book|last=Unsal|first=Erbil|title=Current Opinions in Pediatric Rheumatology|date=2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=9781594548710|page=302|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&pg=PA302|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906040418/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&pg=PA302|archive-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> Ku bafite indwara yakwiriye umubiri wose (''systemic''), icyizere cyo kubaho gishobora kuba imyaka 11 uhereye igihe yatangiriye.<ref name="Har2018" /> Urupfu rukunze guterwa n'ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora, cyangwa umutima.<ref name="Har2018" /> == Ikwirakwira == Buri mwaka, abantu bagera kuri 3 kuri 100.000 bafatwa n'ubwoko bwa scleroderma bukwira umubiri wose.<ref name="Har2018" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu myaka yo hagati.<ref name="NORD2007" /> Abagore ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kurusha abagabo.<ref name="NORD2007" /> == Amateka == Ibimenyetso bya scleroderma byasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1753 na Carlo Curzio <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=Ian R.|last2=Rose|first2=Noel R.|title=The Autoimmune Diseases|date=2006|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780080454740|page=369|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&pg=PA369|language=en|access-date=2017-11-19|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170409/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&pg=PA369|url-status=live}}</ref> hanyuma bigaragazwa neza mu 1842.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Firestein|first=Gary S.|last2=Kelley|first2=William N.|last3=Budd|first3=Ralph C.|title=Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1437717389|page=1366|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&pg=PA1366|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804132408/https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&pg=PA1366|archive-date=2017-08-04}}</ref> Iri jambo rikomoka ku magambo y'[[Ikigereki]] "sklerosis" risobanura "gukomera" na "derma" risobanura "uruhu".<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande]] * [[Lipedema]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] l2eixnd5jg88wgtxy62id9kpmrtdc72 149402 149350 2026-11-07T21:16:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Scleroderma | synonyms = ''Systemic sclerosis'' | image = Left Arm Scleroderma Patient.jpg | caption = Ukuboko kw'umurwayi wa scleroderma | field = Ubuvuzi bw'ingingo (rhumatologie), ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | symptoms = Uruhu rubyibushye, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, Raynaud's syndrome | complications = Ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora n'umutima | onset = Mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima | causes = Ntizwi | diagnosis = Ibimenyetso, ibizamini by'uruhu n'amaraso | treatment = Corticosteroids, methotrexate, NSAIDs | frequency = 3 kuri 100.000 ku mwaka }} '''Scleroderma''' ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo, bigatera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imikaya n'ingingo z'imbere. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uruhu rubyibuha rukanakomera. Impamvu yayo ntizwi kandi nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko imiti ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso. Ikunze gufata abagore kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima. == Ibimenyetso == Scleroderma ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo (''autoimmune''), zishobora gutera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imitsi, n'ingingo z'imbere.<ref name="GARD2017">{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|website=GARD|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en|date=2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125233043/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|archive-date=25 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="NIH2016">{{Cite web|title=Handout on Health: Scleroderma|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/%5C/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 July 2017|date=August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704182735/https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|archive-date=4 July 2017}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba iherereye ku ruhu cyangwa ikaba yagera no ku zindi ngingo.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo uruhu rwabyibushye ahantu hamwe, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, ndetse n'amaraso adatembera neza mu ntoki cyangwa mu mano bitewe n'ubukonje.<ref name="NORD2007">{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=14 July 2017|date=2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908024649/http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma|archive-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> Ubwoko bumwe bw'iyi ndwara, buzwi nka CREST syndrome, bukunze gutera kwirundanya kwa calcium mu ruhu, ''Raynaud's syndrome'', ibibazo by'umuhogo, kubyibuha k'uruhu rw'intoki n'amano, ndetse n'uduce tw'imitsi mito y'amaraso yagutse.<ref name="NORD2007" /> == Impamvu == Impamvu ntiramenyekana; icyakora, bamwe bakeka ko ishobora kuba iterwa n'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo amateka y'umuryango, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize imiterere y'umubiri, ndetse no guhumeka umukungugu wa silika.<ref name="Har2018">{{Cite book|last=Jameson|first=Larry|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/harrisonsprincip0002unse_m5l2|date=2018|publisher=McGraw Hill|page=Chapter 353|edition=20th}}</ref><ref name="Bar2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes J, Mayes MD|title=Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: incidence, prevalence, survival, risk factors, malignancy, and environmental triggers|journal=Current Opinion in Rheumatology|volume=24|issue=2|pages=165–70|date=March 2012|pmid=22269658|doi=10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834ff2e8|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|access-date=2019-11-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170410/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/INCIDENCE-AND-PREVALENCE-OF-SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS-Barnes-Mayes/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gre2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Greenblatt MB, Aliprantis AO|title=The immune pathogenesis of scleroderma: context is everything|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=15|issue=1|pages=297|date=January 2013|pmid=23288576|pmc=3539168|doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0297-8|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192429/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Uburyo iterwa bukubiyemo gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo dufatanya umubiri (''connective tissue''), bikekwa ko ari ingaruka z’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwibasira ingingo nzima.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Isuzuma == Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso, bigashyigikirwa n'ibizamini by'uruhu cyangwa amaraso.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Kuvura == Nubwo nta muti uhari, kuvurwa bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso birushaho kuba byiza.<ref name="GARD2017" /> Imiti ikoreshwa irimo imiti ya corticosteroids, methotrexate, n'imiti igabanya ububabare n'ububyimbirwe itari steroide (NSAIDs).<ref name="GARD2017" /> Uko indwara izagenda biterwa n'ubukana bwayo.<ref name="Har2018" /> Abafite indwara ifata uruhu ahantu hamwe gusa muri rusange babaho igihe gisanzwe.<ref name="Un2006">{{Cite book|last=Unsal|first=Erbil|title=Current Opinions in Pediatric Rheumatology|date=2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=9781594548710|page=302|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&pg=PA302|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906040418/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&pg=PA302|archive-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> Ku bafite indwara yakwiriye umubiri wose (''systemic''), icyizere cyo kubaho gishobora kuba imyaka 11 uhereye igihe yatangiriye.<ref name="Har2018" /> Urupfu rukunze guterwa n'ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora, cyangwa umutima.<ref name="Har2018" /> == Ikwirakwira == Buri mwaka, abantu bagera kuri 3 kuri 100.000 bafatwa n'ubwoko bwa scleroderma bukwira umubiri wose.<ref name="Har2018" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu myaka yo hagati.<ref name="NORD2007" /> Abagore ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kurusha abagabo.<ref name="NORD2007" /> == Amateka == Ibimenyetso bya scleroderma byasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1753 na Carlo Curzio <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=Ian R.|last2=Rose|first2=Noel R.|title=The Autoimmune Diseases|date=2006|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780080454740|page=369|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&pg=PA369|language=en|access-date=2017-11-19|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170409/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&pg=PA369|url-status=live}}</ref> hanyuma bigaragazwa neza mu 1842.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Firestein|first=Gary S.|last2=Kelley|first2=William N.|last3=Budd|first3=Ralph C.|title=Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1437717389|page=1366|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&pg=PA1366|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804132408/https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&pg=PA1366|archive-date=2017-08-04}}</ref> Iri jambo rikomoka ku magambo y'[[Ikigereki]] "sklerosis" risobanura "gukomera" na "derma" risobanura "uruhu".<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande]] * [[Lipedema]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] h40jd0nsav836bodfenhgoq90mrvmgn 0 23406 149409 145644 2026-11-07T21:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cranial imaging of a FFI patient.jpg|thumb|Gupfa_Kusinzira]] '''Gusinzira nabi''' ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ituma [[Gusinzira|umuntu abura ibitotsi]].<ref name="Mer2019Pro">{{Cite web|title=Fatal Insomnia - Neurologic Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/neurologic-disorders/prion-diseases/fatal-insomnia|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=17 May 2019|language=en-CA|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517114042/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/neurologic-disorders/prion-diseases/fatal-insomnia|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe bitangira buhoro buhoro hanyuma bikarushaho kuba bibi uko igihe kigenda gihita.<ref name="NORD2019">{{Cite web|title=Fatal Familial Insomnia|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=17 May 2019|archive-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519085128/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fatal-familial-insomnia/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo ibibazo byo mu mutwe, kudakora neza kw'ingingo, kugabanya ibiro, no kubira ibyuya byinshi.<ref name="GARD2020">{{Cite web|title=Fatal familial insomnia|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6429/fatal-familial-insomnia|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=17 May 2019|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415044133/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6429/fatal-familial-insomnia|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo abantu barwaye basinziriye, bakunze kurota inzozi zikomeye.<ref name="NORD2019" /> Urupfu muri rusange rubaho hagati y'amezi 6 na 36 uhereye igihe ibimenyetso bitangiriye.<ref name="GARD2020" /> Kubura ibitotsi ni [[Indwara ya Prion|indwara ifata]] ubwonko.<ref name="Mer2019Pro" /> Akenshi iterwa n'impinduka muri poroteyine PrP <nowiki><sup id="mwTA">C.</sup></nowiki><ref name="Mer2019Pro" /> Iyi hinduka ry’umubiri rikunze kuragwa n’umubyeyi mu buryo busanzwe bwo kwiyanduza mu mubiri, buzwi nka ''fatal familial insomnities'' (FFI), nubwo rishobora kubaho gake mu buryo butunguranye nk’ihinduka rishya, rizwi nka ''sporadic fatal insomnities'' (sFI).<ref name="GARD2020" /><ref name="NORD2019" /> Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwo gusinzira, gupima PET, no gupima imiterere y'umubiri.<ref name="GARD2020" /> Nta muti uzwi wo kubura ibitotsi, ahubwo hashyirwaho imbaraga zigamije kunoza ibimenyetso by'indwara.<ref name="GARD2020" /><ref name="NORD2019" /> Gusinzira nabi ni gake cyane.<ref name="NORD2019" /> Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="NORD2019" /> Ubusanzwe indwara itangira hagati y’imyaka 40 na 60.<ref name="GARD2020" /> Umuntu wa mbere wanditswe ni Umutaliyani, wapfiriye i Venise mu 1765.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Family that Couldn't Sleep: A medical mystery|url=https://archive.org/details/familythatcouldn00maxd|last=Max|first=D. T.|publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks|year=2007|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/familythatcouldn00maxd/page/6 4]|language=en}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 61mnxg5zv2gr69pshg9fy4c56ghth42 0 23408 149301 145114 2026-11-07T20:09:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glucose test.JPG|thumb|Isukari nke mu maraso]] '''Isukari nke mu maraso''', ni ukugabanuka kw'isukari mu maraso kugera ku rugero ruri munsi y'urusanzwe.<ref name="NIH2008">{{Cite web|title=Hypoglycemia|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/hypoglycemia/Pages/index.aspx|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=28 June 2015|date=October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701034430/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/hypoglycemia/Pages/index.aspx|archive-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> Ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye birimo kunanirwa kuvuga neza, kutavuga nabi, urujijo, guta ubwenge, gucika intege cyangwa urupfu.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ukumva ufite inzara, ibyuya, kuzuyaza no gucika intege bishobora no kugaragara.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ibimenyetso akenshi biza vuba.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete nka insuline na sulfonylureas.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Yanai H, Adachi H, Katsuyama H, Moriyama S, Hamasaki H, Sako A|title=Causative anti-diabetic drugs and the underlying clinical factors for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes|journal=World Journal of Diabetes|volume=6|issue=1|pages=30–6|date=February 2015|pmid=25685276|pmc=4317315|doi=10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.30}}</ref><ref name="Sch2007">{{Cite book|last=Schrier|first=Robert W.|title=The internal medicine casebook real patients, real answers|date=2007|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6529-9|page=119|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbuKcQwh2b0C&pg=PA119|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=1 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701020033/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zbuKcQwh2b0C&pg=PA119|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka ziba nyinshi ku barwayi ba diyabete bariye bike kuruta uko bisanzwe, bagakora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe cyangwa banyoye inzoga.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Izindi mpamvu zirimo kunanirwa kw'impyiko, ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe (nka insulinoma), indwara z'umwijima, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], inzara, amakosa y'imikorere y'umubiri, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Sepsis|indwara zikomeye]], hypoglycemia iterwa no kwiheba hamwe n'ibiyobyabwenge byinshi birimo n'inzoga.<ref name="NIH2008" /><ref name="Sch2007" /> Isukari nke mu maraso ishobora kugaragara ku bana bari bazima kandi bamaze amasaha make batarya.<ref name="Perk2008">{{Cite book|last=Perkin|first=Ronald M.|title=Pediatric hospital medicine : textbook of inpatient management|date=2008|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-7032-3|page=105|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sV6-ifUGoMYC&pg=PA105|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=1 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701020159/https://books.google.ca/books?id=sV6-ifUGoMYC&pg=PA105|url-status=live}}</ref> Igipimo cya glucose gisobanura hypoglycemia kirahinduka.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ku bantu barwaye diyabete, urugero ruri munsi ya 3.9&nbsp;mmol/L (70&nbsp;mg/dL) ni indwara zisuzuma indwara.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ku bantu bakuru badafite diyabete, ibimenyetso by'isukari nke mu maraso, isukari nke mu maraso, no koroherwa iyo isukari yo mu maraso igarutse ku buryo busanzwe ni byo byemeza ko barwaye.<ref name="Cry2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, Heller SR, Montori VM, Seaquist ER, Service FJ|title=Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline|journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.|volume=94|issue=3|pages=709–28|date=March 2009|pmid=19088155|doi=10.1210/jc.2008-1410|url=|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bitabaye ibyo, urwego ruri munsi ya 2.8 kugeza kuri 3.0&nbsp;mmol/L (50 kugeza 55&nbsp;mg/dL) nyuma yo kutarya cyangwa nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2008" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Fahad W.|last2=Majeed|first2=Muhammad S.|last3=Kirresh|first3=Omar|title=StatPearls|date=2023|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573079/|access-date=12 November 2023|chapter=Non-Diabetic Hypoglycemia|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307142128/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573079/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu bana bavutse, urwego ruri munsi ya 2.2&nbsp;mmol/L (40&nbsp;mg/dL), cyangwa munsi ya 3.3&nbsp;mmol/L (60&nbsp;mg/dL) iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, bigaragaza ko umuntu afite hypoglycemia.<ref name="Perk2008" /> Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu kumenya impamvu birimo urugero rwa insuline na peptide ya C mu maraso.<ref name="Sch2007" /> Ku bantu barwaye diyabete, kwirinda ni uguhuza ibiryo biribwa n'ingano y'imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imiti ikoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Iyo abantu bumva ko isukari yabo iri hasi mu maraso, ni byiza gupima hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima isukari.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Hari abantu bamwe bagaragaza ibimenyetso bike by’isukari nke mu maraso, kandi gupimwa buri gihe muri iri tsinda ni byiza.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Uburyo bwo kuvura ni ukurya ibiryo birimo isukari nyinshi cyangwa gufata dextrose.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Iyo umuntu adashobora gufata ibiryo mu kanwa, glukagoni iterwa cyangwa mu mazuru ishobora gufasha.<ref name="NIH2008" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=FDA approves first treatment for severe hypoglycemia that can be administered without an injection|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-severe-hypoglycemia-can-be-administered-without-injection|website=FDA|access-date=11 November 2019|language=en|date=11 September 2019|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517061659/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-severe-hypoglycemia-can-be-administered-without-injection|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uburyo bwo kuvura budafite aho buhuriye na diyabete burimo no kuvura ikibazo cy’ingenzi ndetse n’indyo nziza.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ijambo "hypoglycemia" rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa nabi mu kuvuga idiopathic postprandial syndrome, indwara ivugwaho rumwe ifite ibimenyetso bisa n'ibyo bibaho nyuma yo kurya ariko isukari isanzwe mu maraso.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Talreja|first=Roshan S.|title=The internal medicine peripheral brain|date=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|isbn=978-0-7817-2806-5|page=176|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oj-d2AgfW48C&pg=PA176|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803073550/https://books.google.com/books?id=oj-d2AgfW48C&pg=PA176|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4557-0985-4|page=1834|edition=32nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNACisYwbZoC&pg=PA1834|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803093135/https://books.google.com/books?id=mNACisYwbZoC&pg=PA1834|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] m1tqoow5ajiqhuvxxgv89k05f9xx647 0 23409 149396 145271 2026-11-07T21:14:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cleidocranial dysplasia face and shoulders.jpg|thumb|Ubwivumbure bw'umutwe]] '''Indwara yo mu mutwe (Cleidocranial dysostosis''' ) ( '''CCD''' ), nanone yitwa '''cleidocranial dysplasia''', ni indwara ivuka ikunze kwibasira amagufwa n'amenyo.<ref name="NIH2008">{{Cite web|title=cleidocranial dysplasia|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cleidocranial-dysplasia|website=GHR|access-date=2 October 2016|date=January 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003110836/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cleidocranial-dysplasia|archive-date=3 October 2016}}</ref> Amagufwa yo mu ijosi akenshi aba adakuze neza cyangwa ntayo afite, ibyo bigatuma amatugu yegerana.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Igice cy'imbere cy'agahanga akenshi ntigifunga kugeza nyuma, kandi abagirwaye akenshi baba ari bagufi ugereranyije n'ikigereranyo.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo agahanga kagaragara, amaso manini, amenyo adasanzwe, n'izuru rirambuye.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Ibimenyetso biratandukanye mu bantu; icyakora, ubwenge ntabwo bukunze kugaragara.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Iyo ndwara umuntu ayikura ku babyeyi be cyangwa ikabaho nk'impinduka nshya.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Iragwa mu buryo busanzwe bwo kwihitiramo.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Biterwa n'inenge iri muri gene ya RUNX2 igira uruhare mu miterere y'amagufwa.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Isuzuma rikekwaho hashingiwe ku bimenyetso na X-rays byemejwe n'ibizamini bya genetiki.<ref name="GARD2016">{{Cite web|title=Cleidocranial dysplasia|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6118/cleidocranial-dysplasia|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|access-date=29 October 2017|language=en|date=2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128172018/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6118/cleidocranial-dysplasia|archive-date=28 January 2017}}</ref> Izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi zirimo indwara ya mandibuloacral dysplasia, pyknodysostosis, [[osteogenesis imperfecta]], na Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.<ref name="NORD2004">{{Cite web|title=Cleidocranial Dysplasia|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/cleidocranial-dysplasia/|website=NORD|access-date=2 October 2016|date=2004|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003110119/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/cleidocranial-dysplasia/|archive-date=3 October 2016}}</ref> Ubuvuzi burimo ingamba zo gushyigikira nko gukoresha igikoresho cyo kurinda umutwe n'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo.<ref name="NORD2004" /> Kubagwa bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hakosorwe ubumuga bumwe na bumwe bw'amagufwa.<ref name="GARD2016" /> Icyizere cy'ubuzima muri rusange ni ibisanzwe.<ref name="Yo2002">{{Cite book|last=Young|first=Ian D.|title=Genetics for Orthopedic Surgeons: The Molecular Genetic Basis of Orthopedic Disorders|date=2002|publisher=Remedica|isbn=9781901346428|page=92|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyVsI5b2zJoC&pg=PT52|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103235838/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QyVsI5b2zJoC&pg=PT52|archive-date=2016-11-03}}</ref> Igira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni imwe.<ref name="NIH2008" /> Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.<ref name="NORD2004" /> Ibisobanuro bya none by’iyi ndwara byatangiye nibura mu 1896.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Epstein|first=Charles J.|last2=Erickson|first2=Robert P.|last3=Wynshaw-Boris|first3=Anthony Joseph|title=Inborn Errors of Development: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195145021|page=333|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGoj9RtTcVIC&pg=PA333|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003185126/https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGoj9RtTcVIC&pg=PA333|archive-date=2016-10-03}}</ref> Iri jambo rikomoka kuri ''cleido'' risobanura igufwa ryo mu mutwe, ''igufwa ryo mu mutwe'' rikomoka ku kigereki κρανιὀς risobanura umutwe, naho ''dysostosis'' isobanura kurema igufwa ridasanzwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cleidocranial Dysostosis|url=https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/cleidocranial_dysostosis/|website=UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|access-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029030134/https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/cleidocranial_dysostosis/|archive-date=29 October 2016}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] ev99un6rwso6dgzlweum9w3fnn5laxk 0 23414 149382 145115 2026-11-07T21:11:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cancer prostate, with bladder involvement.jpg|thumb|Kanseri ya prostate]] '''Kanseri ya porositate''' ni [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ikura muri porositate, imvubura iri mu buryo bw'imyororokere bw'abagabo . Kanseri nyinshi za prostate zikura buhoro buhoro; icyakora, zimwe zikura vuba.<ref name="WCR2014">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 5.11}}</ref> Uturemangingo twa kanseri dushobora gukwirakwira mu bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane mu magufwa no mu tunyangingo tw'amaraso.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ruddon|first=Raymond W.|title=Cancer biology|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0195175431|page=223|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915231411/https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|archive-date=2015-09-15}}</ref> Mu ntangiriro bishobora kutagira ibimenyetso bitera.<ref name=NCI2014TxPro>{{cite web|title=Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ) – Health Professional Version|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-04-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705121331/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705121331/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages |date=5 July 2014 }}</ref> Mu ntambwe za nyuma, bishobora gutera ingorane zo kunyara, amaraso mu nkari cyangwa ububabare mu kibuno, umugongo, cyangwa iyo uri kunyara. Indwara izwi nka benign prostatic hyperplasia ishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa.<ref name=NCI2014TxPro /> Ibindi bimenyetso bya nyuma bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe bitewe n'urugero [[Anemie|ruto rw'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso]].<ref name=NCI2014TxPro /> Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate birimo gusaza, amateka y'umuryango warwaye iyi ndwara, n'ubwoko bw'abantu.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Hafi 99% by'abandura iyi ndwara biba ku bagabo barengeje imyaka 50.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Kugira uwo mu muryango we wo ku rwego rwa mbere urwaye iyi ndwara byongera ibyago byikubye kabiri cyangwa gatatu.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Izindi mpamvu zishobora kuba zirimo indyo irimo inyama nyinshi zatunganyijwe, inyama zitukura cyangwa amata cyangwa imboga zimwe na zimwe nke.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Habonetse isano ifitanye isano na [[gonorrhea]], ariko impamvu y'iyi sano ntiramenyekana.<ref name="CainiGandini2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Caini S, Gandini S, Dudas M, Bremer V, Severi E, Gherasim A|title=Sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Cancer Epidemiology|volume=38|issue=4|pages=329–38|date=August 2014|pmid=24986642|doi=10.1016/j.canep.2014.06.002}}</ref> Ingaruka ziyongera zifitanye isano n'impinduka za BRCA.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lee MV, Katabathina VS, Bowerson ML, Mityul MI, Shetty AS, Elsayes KM, Balachandran A, Bhosale PR, McCullough AE, Menias CO|display-authors=6|title=BRCA-associated Cancers: Role of Imaging in Screening, Diagnosis, and Management|journal=Radiographics|volume=37|issue=4|pages=1005–1023|date=2016|pmid=28548905|doi=10.1148/rg.2017160144|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kanseri ya porositate ipimwa hakoreshejwe biopsy . Gufata amashusho mu buvuzi bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba kanseri yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.<ref name=NCI2013TxPt>{{cite web|title=Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ) – Patient Version|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/Patient/page1/AllPages|publisher=National Cancer Institute|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-04-08|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705121244/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705121244/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/Patient/page1/AllPages |date=5 July 2014 }}</ref> Gusuzuma kanseri ya prostate biravugwaho rumwe.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Antigen yihariye ya prostate Gupima (PSA) byongera uburyo bwo gupima kanseri, ariko biravugwaho rumwe niba binoza umusaruro.<ref name=NCI2018TxPro>{{cite web|title=Prostate Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=1 March 2018|language=en|date=6 February 2018|quote=Controversy exists regarding the value of screening... reported no clear evidence that screening for prostate cancer decreases the risk of death from prostate cancer|archive-date=1 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301230006/https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq#section/all|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301230006/https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq#section/all |date=1 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name="Catalona2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Catalona WJ|title=Prostate Cancer Screening|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=102|issue=2|pages=199–214|date=March 2018|pmid=29406053|pmc=5935113|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2017.11.001}}</ref> Gufata ibyemezo ukurikije amakuru bigirwa inama iyo bigeze ku gusuzuma abantu bafite imyaka 55 kugeza kuri 69.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, Bibbins-Domingo K, Caughey AB, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, Ebell M, Epling JW, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kubik M, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Silverstein M, Simon MA, Siu AL, Tseng CW|display-authors=6|title=Screening for Prostate Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=319|issue=18|pages=1901–1913|date=May 2018|pmid=29801017|doi=10.1001/jama.2018.3710|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ikizamini, iyo gikozwe, kiba gifite ishingiro ku bantu bafite igihe kirekire cyo kubaho.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cabarkapa S, Perera M, McGrath S, Lawrentschuk N|title=Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen: A guide to the guidelines|journal=Prostate International|volume=4|issue=4|pages=125–129|date=December 2016|pmid=27995110|pmc=5153437|doi=10.1016/j.prnil.2016.09.002}}</ref> Nubwo imiti igabanya kanseri ya 5α-reductase isa nkaho igabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’urwego rwo hasi, ntabwo igira ingaruka ku byago byo kurwara kanseri y’urwego rwo hejuru bityo ntigomba kwirindwa.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Kongeramo vitamine cyangwa imyunyu ngugu bisa nkaho ntacyo bigiraho ingaruka ku ngaruka.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="Strat2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Stratton J, Godwin M|title=The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Family Practice|volume=28|issue=3|pages=243–52|date=June 2011|pmid=21273283|doi=10.1093/fampra/cmq115|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ibibazo byinshi bicungwa hakoreshejwe igenzura ryimbitse cyangwa gutegereza neza . Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo kubaga, gukoresha imirasire, gukoresha imisemburo cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara.<ref name=NCI2013TxPt /> Iyo bigaragaye gusa muri prostate, bishobora gukira. Ku bantu iyi ndwara yakwirakwiriye mu magufwa, imiti igabanya ububabare, bisphosphonates n'ubuvuzi bugamije, n'ibindi, bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.<ref name=NCI2013TxPt /> Ibisubizo biterwa n'imyaka y'umuntu n'izindi ngorane z'ubuzima ndetse n'uburyo kanseri ikabije kandi ikaba nini.<ref name=NCI2013TxPt /> Abagabo benshi barwaye kanseri ya prostate ntibapfa bazize iyo ndwara.<ref name=NCI2013TxPt /> Igipimo cy'imyaka 5 yo kubaho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni 98%. Ku isi yose, ni yo kanseri ya kabiri ikunze kugaragara cyane, ikaba n'impamvu ya gatanu y'impfu zikomoka kuri kanseri ku bagabo.<ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> Mu 2018, byagaragaye ku bagabo miliyoni 1.2 kandi byahitanye abantu 359.000. Ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bagabo mu bihugu 84,<ref name="WCR2014" /> ikaba ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere.<ref name="Baade2009" /> Igipimo cyakomeje kwiyongera mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.<ref name="Baade2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Baade PD, Youlden DR, Krnjacki LJ|title=International epidemiology of prostate cancer: geographical distribution and secular trends|journal=Molecular Nutrition & Food Research|volume=53|issue=2|pages=171–84|date=February 2009|pmid=19101947|doi=10.1002/mnfr.200700511}}</ref> Gupima indwara byariyongereye cyane mu myaka ya 1980 na 1990 mu bice byinshi bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibizamini bya PSA.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bagabo bapfuye bazize impamvu zidahuye bwagaragaje ko kanseri ya prostate iri hagati ya 30% na 70% by'abafite imyaka irenga 60.<ref name=NCI2014TxPro /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] rn63ubgh6r5egeg8t8e09x927ux8dbk 0 23417 149363 142208 2026-11-07T21:03:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Migraine | image = Migraine.jpg | caption = Umuntu urwaye migraine | field = Ubuvuzi bw'imyakura | symptoms = Kurwara umutwe, isesemi, kuruka, kutihanganira urumuri n'amajwi | onset = Mu bugimbi | causes = Ibidukikije n'uturemangingo | treatment = Imiti igabanya ububabare, triptans, kwirinda ibiyitera | frequency = Hafi 15% by'abantu ku isi }} '''Migraine''' ni indwara isanzwe y'imyakura irangwa no kurwara [[umutwe]] kenshi, ubusanzwe mu gice kimwe cyawo, bishobora kumara kugeza ku minsi itatu. Ishobora kujyana n'isesemi, [[kuruka]] no kutihanganira urumuri cyangwa amajwi. Iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibidukikije n'uturemangingo, kandi ifata abagore kurusha abagabo. Ivurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti yihariye; ifata hafi 15% by'abantu ku isi. == Ibimenyetso == Migraine ni indwara isanzwe y'imyakura irangwa no kurwara umutwe kenshi, ubusanzwe ufite ubukana buri hagati cyangwa bukabije. Ubusanzwe, umutwe ufata igice kimwe cy'umutwe, uteragura, kandi umara amasaha make kugeza ku minsi 3.<ref name=WHO2012>{{cite web|title=Headache disorders Fact sheet N°277|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/|access-date=15 February 2016|date=October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216184228/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/|archive-date=16 February 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216184228/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/ |date=16 February 2016 }}</ref> Ibimenyetso bijyana nabyo bishobora kuba birimo isesemi, kuruka, no kumva urumuri, amajwi, cyangwa impumuro.<ref name="Amin2009">{{Cite book|first=Roger P|last=Simon|first2=Michael J|last2=Aminoff|first3=David A|last3=Greenberg|title=Clinical neurology|year=2009|publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill|location=New York, N.Y|isbn=9780071664332|pages=85–88|edition=7}}</ref> Ububabare muri rusange burushaho kwiyongera iyo umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri. Abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya gatatu barwaye indwara bafite aura : ubusanzwe ni igihe gito cyo kutabona neza kigaragaza ko umutwe ugiye gufata vuba.<ref name=ICHD2004>{{cite journal | author = Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society | title = The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition | journal = Cephalalgia | volume = 24 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 9–160 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14979299 | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00653.x | doi-access = free }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100331095113/http://www.i-h-s.org/upload/ct_clas/ihc_II_main_no_print.pdf as PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331095113/http://www.i-h-s.org/upload/ct_clas/ihc_II_main_no_print.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }}</ref> Rimwe na rimwe, aura ishobora kubaho igakurikirwa n'umutwe muto cyangwa ntihagire umutwe na mba.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pryse-Phillips|first=William|title=Companion to clinical neurology|date=2003|publisher=Oxford university press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195159387|page=587|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMbhu-vXVtAC&pg=PA587|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313014619/https://books.google.com/books?id=pMbhu-vXVtAC&pg=PA587|archive-date=2017-03-13}}</ref> == Impamvu == Bikekwa ko indwara ya Migraine iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije n'uturemangingo.<ref name="Lulli2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Piane M, Lulli P, Farinelli I, Simeoni S, De Filippis S, Patacchioli FR, Martelletti P|title=Genetics of migraine and pharmacogenomics: some considerations|journal=The Journal of Headache and Pain|volume=8|issue=6|pages=334–9|date=December 2007|pmid=18058067|pmc=2779399|doi=10.1007/s10194-007-0427-2}}</ref> Hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abarwayi bafite abo mu miryango yabo nabo bayirwaye.<ref name="Bart10">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bartleson JD, Cutrer FM|title=Migraine update. Diagnosis and treatment|journal=Minnesota Medicine|volume=93|issue=5|pages=36–41|date=May 2010|pmid=20572569}}</ref> Ihindagurika ry'urugero rw'imisemburo naryo rishobora kugira uruhare, kuko indwara ya migraine igira ingaruka ku bahungu benshi gato kurusha abakobwa mbere y'ubwangavu n'abagore bakubye inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ugereranyije n'abagabo.<ref name="Broner2009" /><ref name="Stovner2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Stovner LJ, Zwart JA, Hagen K, Terwindt GM, Pascual J|title=Epidemiology of headache in Europe|journal=European Journal of Neurology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=333–45|date=April 2006|pmid=16643310|doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01184.x}}</ref> Ibyago byo kurwara migraine bikunze kugabanuka mu gihe cyo gutwita no nyuma yo [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]].<ref name="Broner2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lay CL, Broner SW|title=Migraine in women|journal=Neurologic Clinics|volume=27|issue=2|pages=503–11|date=May 2009|pmid=19289228|doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2009.01.002}}</ref><ref name=NIH2015>{{cite web|title=NINDS Migraine Information Page|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm|website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=15 February 2016|date=November 3, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216194445/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm|archive-date=16 February 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216194445/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm |date=16 February 2016 }}</ref> Uburyo indwara ikora ntabwo buzwi neza. Icyakora, bikekwa ko bifitanye isano n'imyakura n'imitsi y'amaraso yo mu [[Ubwonko|bwonko]].<ref name="Bart10" /> == Kuvura == Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura ni ugukoresha imiti yoroheje igabanya ububabare nka [[ibuprofen]] na [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen) ku ndwara y'umutwe, imiti ivura isesemi, no kwirinda ibintu byayitera.<ref name="Gilmore2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gilmore B, Michael M|title=Treatment of acute migraine headache|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2011-02-01_83_3/page/271|journal=American Family Physician|volume=83|issue=3|pages=271–80|date=February 2011|pmid=21302868}}</ref> Imiti yihariye nka triptans cyangwa ergotamines ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu imiti yoroheje y'ububabare idakora.<ref name="Bart10" /> Kafeyine ishobora kongerwa kuri ibi byavuzwe haruguru.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Diener HC, Charles A, Goadsby PJ, Holle D|title=New therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of migraine|journal=The Lancet. Neurology|volume=14|issue=10|pages=1010–22|date=October 2015|pmid=26376968|doi=10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00198-2}}</ref> Imiti iterwa mu mitsi (''intravenous'') mu bitaro by'ubutabazi nayo irashyigikiwe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robblee|first=J|last2=Minen|first2=MT|last3=Friedman|first3=BW|last4=Cortel-LeBlanc|first4=MA|last5=Cortel-LeBlanc|first5=A|last6=Orr|first6=SL|title=2025 guideline update to acute treatment of migraine for adults in the emergency department: The American Headache Society evidence assessment of parenteral pharmacotherapies.|journal=Headache|date=January 2026|volume=66|issue=1|pages=53-76|doi=10.1111/head.70016|pmid=41321235}}</ref> Imiti myinshi ni ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibitero by'indwara, birimo metoprolol, valproate, topiramate, na anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody.<ref name="Mark2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Markham A|s2cid=49559342|title=Erenumab: First Global Approval|journal=Drugs|volume=78|issue=11|pages=1157–1161|date=July 2018|pmid=29968151|doi=10.1007/s40265-018-0944-0}}</ref><ref name="Arm2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Armstrong C|title=AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults|journal=American Family Physician|volume=87|issue=8|pages=584–5|date=April 2013|pmid=23668450}}</ref><ref name="Coch2013Val">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Linde M, Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, McCrory DC|title=Valproate (valproic acid or sodium valproate or a combination of the two) for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=6|pages=CD010611|date=June 2013|pmid=23797677|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010611}}</ref> == Ikwirakwira == Ku isi yose, abantu bagera kuri 15% bibasirwa n'indwara ya migraine.<ref name="LancetEpi2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, etal|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96|date=December 2012|pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2}}</ref> Akenshi bitangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi bikaba bibi cyane mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima. Mu 2016, ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze [[Ubumuga|gutera ubumuga]].<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016|journal=Lancet|volume=390|issue=10100|pages=1211–1259|date=September 2017|pmid=28919117|pmc=5605509|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2}}</ref> == Amateka == Ibisobanuro bya mbere bihuye na migraine biri mu nyandiko ya ''Papyrus Ebers'', yanditswe ahagana mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu mu [[Misiri]] ya kera.<ref name="Zehentbauer2025">{{Cite book|last=Zehentbauer|first=Janice|editor-last=Montieth|editor-first=Teshamae S.|editor-last2=Riggins|editor-first2=Nina|editor-last3=Goadsby|editor-first3=Peter J.|title=Comprehensive Migraine Management|date=2025|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-031-86922-8|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0ySEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|language=en|chapter=1. History of migraine in medicine and society|pages=3-10doi=10.1007/978-3-031-86923-5_1}}</ref> Ijambo ''migraine'' rikomoka mu [[Ikigereki|kigereki]] ἡμικρανία ( ''hemikrania'' ), 'ububabare mu gice cy'umutwe', kuva ἡμι- ( ''hemi-'' ), 'igice', na κρανίον ( ''kranion'' ), 'igihanga'.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Kenneth|last=Anderson|first2=Lois E.|last2=Anderson|first3=Walter D.|last3=Glanze|title=Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/mosbysmedicalnur0000unse_f8m9|year=1994|publisher=Mosby|isbn=978-0-8151-6111-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/mosbysmedicalnur0000unse_f8m9/page/998 998]|edition=4}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Umutwe]] * [[Ubwonko]] * [[Kuruka]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 6tljmy4fx2fgi0h0tsum4ciuqkdawzb 0 23419 149229 145129 2026-11-07T19:24:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clopidogrel 1.jpg|thumb|Clopidogrel]] '''Clopidogrel''', igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya '''Plavix''' n'indi,<ref name="brands">{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel International brand names|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/clopidogrel.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=1 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401144417/https://www.drugs.com/international/clopidogrel.html|archive-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> ni umuti ugabanya platelet ukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima na stroke ku bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clopidogrel-bisulfate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010729/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clopidogrel-bisulfate.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi hamwe na aspirine mu [[Indwara y'umutima|ndwara z'umutima]] no nyuma yo gushyiramo stent yo mu mitsi y'umutima (uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mitsi).<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka zitangira mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri kandi zimara iminsi itanu.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, gukomereka byoroshye, kuribwa no gushya.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo kuva amaraso no kuvura indwara ya thrombocytopenic purpura.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Nubwo nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka mbi zituruka ku gukoresha iyo miti mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], kuyikoresha ntibyigwa neza.<ref name="Drugs.com pregnanacy">{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel (Plavix) Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clopidogrel.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010752/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clopidogrel.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Clopidogrel iri mu bwoko bwa thienopyridine bw’imiti igabanya ubukana bw’amaraso.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ikora mu gukumira bidasubirwaho receptor yitwa P2Y <nowiki><sub id="mwWw">12</sub></nowiki> kuri platelets.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Clopidogrel yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1982, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1997.<ref name="PrescribingInfo">{{Cite web|title=Plavix- clopidogrel bisulfate tablet, film coated|website=DailyMed|date=17 May 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=01b14603-8f29-4fa3-8d7e-9d523f802e0b|access-date=26 December 2019|publisher=Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals Partnership|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804222235/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=01b14603-8f29-4fa3-8d7e-9d523f802e0b|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Janos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=453|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA453|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220130738/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA453|archive-date=2016-12-20}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hagati y'amadolari y'Amerika 0.77–31.59 ku kwezi.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1486&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172350/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1486&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ukwezi kw'ubuvuzi kugura munsi y'amadolari 25 y'Amerika.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=147}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 40 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 19.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/ClopidogrelBisulfate|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412031159/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/ClopidogrelBisulfate|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] jlq3ubnccplp5796wf8l87zn5czs42s 0 23430 149328 145512 2026-11-07T20:29:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Melatonine Structural Formula V1.svg|thumb|Melatonine]] '''Melatonin''' ni imisemburo irekurwa cyane cyane n'agace ka pineal gatunganya uruziga rw'ibitotsi n'ibikanguro.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Faraone|first=Stephen V.|title=ADHD: Non-Pharmacologic Interventions, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323326025|page=888|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA888|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225210501/https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA888|url-status=live}}</ref> Nk'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire, ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Gusinzira|ibibazo byo gusinzira]] by'igihe gito, nko mu gihe cyo gutinda mu ndege cyangwa akazi ko ku kazi, kandi akenshi inyobwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AFP2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Matheson E, Hainer BL|title=Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy|journal=American Family Physician|volume=96|issue=1|pages=29–35|date=July 2017|pmid=28671376}}</ref><ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=482–483|edition=76}}</ref> Nyamara, ibimenyetso by'akamaro kayo kuri iyi mikoreshereze ntabwo bikomeye.<ref name="Bra2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brasure M, MacDonald R, Fuchs E, Olson CM, Carlyle M, Diem S, Koffel E, Khawaja IS, Ouellette J, Butler M, Kane RL, Wilt TJ|display-authors=6|title=Management of Insomnia Disorder[Internet]|journal=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews|volume=15|issue=16|pages=EHC027–EF|year=2015|pmid=26844312|quote=Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists in the general adult population, and most pharmacologic interventions in older adults was generally insufficient}}</ref> Isuzuma ryakozwe mu 2017 ryagaragaje ko gusinzira byatangiye kwihuta iminota itandatu iyo umuntu akoreshejwe ariko nta gihindutse cyagaragaye mu gihe cyose asinziriye.<ref name="AFP2017" /> Umuti wa melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon ushobora gukora neza kimwe n'inyongeramusaruro za melatonin.<ref name="AFP2017" /> Ingaruka mbi zituruka ku nyongeramusaruro ni nkeya iyo umuntu ahawe dose nke mu gihe gito. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gusinzira, kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, [[impiswi]], no kurota inzozi zidasanzwe.<ref name="Drugs2019">{{cite web |title=Melatonin: Side Effects, Uses, Dosage (Kids/Adults) |url=https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |date=15 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name=HC2018Oral>{{cite web |title=Melatonin- Oral |url=http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&lang=eng |website=Government of Canada |publisher=Health Canada |access-date=9 January 2019 |language=en |date=28 August 2018 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&lang=eng |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&lang=eng |date=1 April 2019 }}</ref> Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa konsa.<ref name="BNF76" /> Gukoresha kandi ntibikwiye ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima.<ref name="BNF76" /> Mu nyamaswa (harimo n'abantu), melatonin igira uruhare mu guhuza imikorere y'umubiri, harimo igihe cyo gusinzira no kubyuka, kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso, no kororoka kw'ibihe bitandukanye.<ref name="Altun2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Altun A, Ugur-Altun B|title=Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice|volume=61|issue=5|pages=835–45|date=May 2007|pmid=17298593|doi=10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01191.x}}</ref> Ingaruka nyinshi zayo ziterwa no gukora kwa receptor za melatonin, mu gihe izindi ziterwa n'uruhare rwayo nk'ingufu zirwanya uburozi.<ref name="Boutin2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P|title=Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|volume=26|issue=8|pages=412–9|date=August 2005|pmid=15992934|doi=10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.006}}</ref><ref name="Hardeland2005">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hardeland R|title=Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance|journal=Endocrine|volume=27|issue=2|pages=119–30|date=July 2005|pmid=16217125|doi=10.1385/ENDO:27:2:119}}</ref><ref name="Reiter2001">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tan DX, Burkhardt S|title=Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=939|issue=1|pages=200–15|date=June 2001|pmid=11462772|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03627.x|bibcode=2001NYASA.939..200R}}</ref> Mu bimera, bikora mu kurinda stress ya oxidative.<ref name="Tan_2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Korkmaz A, Ma S, Rosales-Corral S, Reiter RJ|title=Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=63|issue=2|pages=577–97|date=January 2012|pmid=22016420|doi=10.1093/jxb/err256|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iboneka kandi mu biribwa bitandukanye. Melatonin yavumbuwe mu 1958. Igurishwa ku isoko muri Kanada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; <ref name="Drugs2019" /> mu Bwongereza, ni umuti utangwa na muganga gusa.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi bigura hagati y'amadolari ya Amerika 1 na 4 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="AFP2017" /><ref name="Drugs2019" /> Mu Bwongereza, ibicuruzwa bya buri kwezi bitwara NHS ibiro bigera kuri 15.<ref name="BNF76" /> Ntabwo byemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ku ikoreshwa ry'ubuvuzi iryo ari ryo ryose. Muri Ositaraliya no mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kugorana gusinzira ku bantu barengeje imyaka 54. Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo kubura ibitotsi ku bana. Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu 2007.<ref name="Circadin EPAR">{{cite web | title=Circadin EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | access-date=31 May 2020 | archive-date=4 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin |date=4 October 2018 }} Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 2fqnrxphes84tlow156o1w23llv6t8s 0 23433 149318 142184 2026-11-07T20:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Breastfeeding infant.jpg|thumb|Umubyeyi wonsa umwana]] '''Konsa''' (mu Gifaransa: ''allaitement maternel''; mu Cyongereza: ''breastfeeding'') ni uguha [[Umwana|abana]] bato amata y'ibere ry'umubyeyi. Abahanga mu by'ubuzima basaba ko umwana atangira konka mu isaha ya mbere avutse, kandi akonka buri gihe abishatse. Konsa bigirira akamaro umwana n'umubyeyi: birinda umwana indwara nyinshi kandi bihendutse kurusha amata y'ifu. [[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] usaba konsa gusa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere, hanyuma bigakomeza kugeza ku myaka ibiri cyangwa irenga. == Uko bikorwa == Konsa ni uguha abana bato amata y'ibere ry'umubyeyi.<ref name="NIH2013">{{Cite web|title=Breastfeeding and Breast Milk: Condition Information|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155223/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Bisabwa ko bitangira mu isaha ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana, kandi bigakorwa kenshi uko umwana abishaka.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|title=Infant and young child feeding Fact sheet N°342|publisher=WHO|date=February 2014|access-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208145357/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|archive-date=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="AAP2012">{{Cite journal|last=American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding.|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk|journal=Pediatrics|volume=129|issue=3|pages=e827–41|date=March 2012|pmid=22371471|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-3552|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805091230/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|url-status=live|archive-date=5 August 2015}}</ref> Mu byumweru bya mbere, abana bashobora konka buri masaha abiri cyangwa atatu, buri gihe iminota icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'itanu kuri buri bere.<ref name="NIH2014How">{{Cite web|title=How do I breastfeed? Skip sharing on social media links|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155211/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abana bakuru bonka gake.<ref name="NICHDwean">{{Cite web|title=What is weaning and how do I do it?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102841/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Ababyeyi bashobora gukama amata yabo kugira ngo azakoreshwe nyuma igihe konsa bidashoboka.<ref name="NIH2013" /> == Akamaro == Konsa bigirira akamaro kenshi umubyeyi n'umwana, amata y'ifu atabasha gutanga.<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="IP2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J|title=A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries|journal=Breastfeeding Medicine|volume=4 Suppl 1|pages=S17–30|date=October 2009|pmid=19827919|doi=10.1089/bfm.2009.0050}}</ref> Konsa abana benshi byashobora kurinda impfu z'abana bagera ku 820 000 bari munsi y'imyaka itanu buri mwaka ku isi.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC|title=Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10017|pages=475–90|date=January 2016|pmid=26869575|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7}}</ref> Bigabanya ibyago by'indwara z'ubuhumekero n'[[Impiswi|impiswi]], haba mu bihugu bikennye cyangwa ibikize.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Bigabanya kandi ibyago bya asima, aleriji z'ibiryo na [[Ubwoko 1 bwa diyabete|diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1]],<ref name="AAP2012" /> bishobora kongera imikurire y'ubwonko no kugabanya ibyago byo kubyibuha bikabije umuntu amaze gukura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ababyeyi bashobora kumva bahatirwa konsa, ariko mu bihugu bikize abana bahabwa amata y'ifu muri rusange bakura neza.<ref name="Lawrence2011">{{Cite book|title=Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=1 January 2011|isbn=978-1-4377-0788-5|first=Ruth A.|last=Lawrence|first2=Robert Michael|last2=Lawrence|pages=227–228}}</ref> Ku mubyeyi, konsa bigabanya kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, bifasha umura gusubirana vuba no kugabanya agahinda gakabije gakurikira kubyara.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Bitinza kandi kongera kujya mu mihango no gusama (''aménorrhée lactationnelle'').<ref name="AAP2012" /> Mu gihe kirekire, bigabanya ibyago bya [[Kanseri y’ibere|kanseri y'ibere]], indwara z'umutima n'imitsi na [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]].<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Lancet2016" /> Konsa kandi birahendutse kurusha amata y'ifu.<ref name="APP1997">{{Cite journal|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of Pediatrics. Work Group on Breastfeeding|journal=Pediatrics|volume=100|issue=6|pages=1035–9|date=December 1997|pmid=9411381|doi=10.1542/peds.100.6.1035|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023001839/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="NICHDbenef">{{Cite web|title=What are the benefits of breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810214206/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> == Inama == Imiryango y'ubuzima, harimo n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OMS), isaba konsa gusa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere,<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Kr2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kramer MS, Kakuma R|title=Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD003517|date=August 2012|pmid=22895934|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2|pmc=7154583}}</ref> ni ukuvuga nta bindi biribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa, uretse wenda vitamine D.<ref name="NICHDrec">{{Cite web|title=What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814050651/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Nyuma yo gutangira guha umwana ibindi biribwa ku mezi atandatu, birasabwa gukomeza konsa kugeza ku mwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri, cyangwa birenga.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Indwara zibuza umubyeyi konsa ni nke cyane.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Ababyeyi bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe ntibagomba konsa.<ref name="AAPmed">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and Medication|website=AAP.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-12|archive-date=2019-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213426/https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NICHDnot">{{Cite web|title=Are there any special conditions or situations in which I should not breastfeed?|website=NICHD|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102847/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Kunywa itabi, inzoga nke cyangwa [[ikawa]] si impamvu zo kureka konsa.<ref name="NHSalc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|title=Breastfeeding and alcohol|date=2017-12-21|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801110239/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|archive-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="NHSdiet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and diet|date=2018-03-26|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807233307/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|archive-date=7 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="CDCtob">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|title=Tobacco Use &#124; Breastfeeding &#124; CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=4 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809151407/http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|archive-date=9 August 2016|date=2018-03-21}}</ref> == Uko bihagaze ku isi == [[Dosiye:Exclusive breastfeeding rate, 1986 to 2020, RWA.svg|thumb|left|Igipimo cy'abana bonka gusa mu [[Rwanda]] (1986–2020)]] Ku isi, hafi 47 % by'abana bari hagati y'amezi 0 na 6 ni bo bonka gusa (2018–2025).<ref name="WHO2026">{{Cite web |title=Infant and young child feeding |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding |website=World Health Organization |date=2026-08-04 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 2015, 83 % by'ababyeyi batangiye konsa, ariko ku mezi atandatu 58 % gusa ni bo bari bakonsa, naho 25 % bonsa gusa.<ref name="CDC2018Rate">{{Cite web|title=Results: Breastfeeding Rates|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|website=CDC|access-date=9 December 2018|language=en-us|date=1 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207150158/https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 2ptntwygzi08boldgch9hhb6qyua1gg 149410 149318 2026-11-07T21:21:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Breastfeeding infant.jpg|thumb|Umubyeyi wonsa umwana]] '''Konsa''' (mu Gifaransa: ''allaitement maternel''; mu Cyongereza: ''breastfeeding'') ni uguha [[Umwana|abana]] bato amata y'ibere ry'umubyeyi. Abahanga mu by'ubuzima basaba ko umwana atangira konka mu isaha ya mbere avutse, kandi akonka buri gihe abishatse. Konsa bigirira akamaro umwana n'umubyeyi: birinda umwana indwara nyinshi kandi bihendutse kurusha amata y'ifu. [[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] usaba konsa gusa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere, hanyuma bigakomeza kugeza ku myaka ibiri cyangwa irenga. == Uko bikorwa == Konsa ni uguha abana bato amata y'ibere ry'umubyeyi.<ref name="NIH2013">{{Cite web|title=Breastfeeding and Breast Milk: Condition Information|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155223/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Bisabwa ko bitangira mu isaha ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana, kandi bigakorwa kenshi uko umwana abishaka.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|title=Infant and young child feeding Fact sheet N°342|publisher=WHO|date=February 2014|access-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208145357/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|archive-date=8 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="AAP2012">{{Cite journal|last=American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding.|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk|journal=Pediatrics|volume=129|issue=3|pages=e827–41|date=March 2012|pmid=22371471|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-3552|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805091230/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|url-status=live|archive-date=5 August 2015}}</ref> Mu byumweru bya mbere, abana bashobora konka buri masaha abiri cyangwa atatu, buri gihe iminota icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'itanu kuri buri bere.<ref name="NIH2014How">{{Cite web|title=How do I breastfeed? Skip sharing on social media links|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155211/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> Abana bakuru bonka gake.<ref name="NICHDwean">{{Cite web|title=What is weaning and how do I do it?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102841/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Ababyeyi bashobora gukama amata yabo kugira ngo azakoreshwe nyuma igihe konsa bidashoboka.<ref name="NIH2013" /> == Akamaro == Konsa bigirira akamaro kenshi umubyeyi n'umwana, amata y'ifu atabasha gutanga.<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="IP2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J|title=A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries|journal=Breastfeeding Medicine|volume=4 Suppl 1|pages=S17–30|date=October 2009|pmid=19827919|doi=10.1089/bfm.2009.0050}}</ref> Konsa abana benshi byashobora kurinda impfu z'abana bagera ku 820 000 bari munsi y'imyaka itanu buri mwaka ku isi.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC|title=Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10017|pages=475–90|date=January 2016|pmid=26869575|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7}}</ref> Bigabanya ibyago by'indwara z'ubuhumekero n'[[Impiswi|impiswi]], haba mu bihugu bikennye cyangwa ibikize.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Bigabanya kandi ibyago bya asima, aleriji z'ibiryo na [[Ubwoko 1 bwa diyabete|diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1]],<ref name="AAP2012" /> bishobora kongera imikurire y'ubwonko no kugabanya ibyago byo kubyibuha bikabije umuntu amaze gukura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ababyeyi bashobora kumva bahatirwa konsa, ariko mu bihugu bikize abana bahabwa amata y'ifu muri rusange bakura neza.<ref name="Lawrence2011">{{Cite book|title=Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession|url=https://archive.org/details/breastfeedinggui0000lawr_q5q9|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=1 January 2011|isbn=978-1-4377-0788-5|first=Ruth A.|last=Lawrence|first2=Robert Michael|last2=Lawrence|pages=[https://archive.org/details/breastfeedinggui0000lawr_q5q9/page/227 227]–228}}</ref> Ku mubyeyi, konsa bigabanya kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, bifasha umura gusubirana vuba no kugabanya agahinda gakabije gakurikira kubyara.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Bitinza kandi kongera kujya mu mihango no gusama (''aménorrhée lactationnelle'').<ref name="AAP2012" /> Mu gihe kirekire, bigabanya ibyago bya [[Kanseri y’ibere|kanseri y'ibere]], indwara z'umutima n'imitsi na [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]].<ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Lancet2016" /> Konsa kandi birahendutse kurusha amata y'ifu.<ref name="APP1997">{{Cite journal|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of Pediatrics. Work Group on Breastfeeding|journal=Pediatrics|volume=100|issue=6|pages=1035–9|date=December 1997|pmid=9411381|doi=10.1542/peds.100.6.1035|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023001839/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="NICHDbenef">{{Cite web|title=What are the benefits of breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810214206/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2015}}</ref> == Inama == Imiryango y'ubuzima, harimo n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OMS), isaba konsa gusa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere,<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /><ref name="Kr2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kramer MS, Kakuma R|title=Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD003517|date=August 2012|pmid=22895934|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2|pmc=7154583}}</ref> ni ukuvuga nta bindi biribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa, uretse wenda vitamine D.<ref name="NICHDrec">{{Cite web|title=What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814050651/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Nyuma yo gutangira guha umwana ibindi biribwa ku mezi atandatu, birasabwa gukomeza konsa kugeza ku mwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri, cyangwa birenga.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="AAP2012" /> Indwara zibuza umubyeyi konsa ni nke cyane.<ref name="AAP2012" /> Ababyeyi bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe ntibagomba konsa.<ref name="AAPmed">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and Medication|website=AAP.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-12|archive-date=2019-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213426/https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NICHDnot">{{Cite web|title=Are there any special conditions or situations in which I should not breastfeed?|website=NICHD|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102847/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Kunywa itabi, inzoga nke cyangwa [[ikawa]] si impamvu zo kureka konsa.<ref name="NHSalc">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|title=Breastfeeding and alcohol|date=2017-12-21|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801110239/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|archive-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="NHSdiet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and diet|date=2018-03-26|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807233307/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|archive-date=7 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="CDCtob">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|title=Tobacco Use &#124; Breastfeeding &#124; CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=4 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809151407/http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|archive-date=9 August 2016|date=2018-03-21}}</ref> == Uko bihagaze ku isi == [[Dosiye:Exclusive breastfeeding rate, 1986 to 2020, RWA.svg|thumb|left|Igipimo cy'abana bonka gusa mu [[Rwanda]] (1986–2020)]] Ku isi, hafi 47 % by'abana bari hagati y'amezi 0 na 6 ni bo bonka gusa (2018–2025).<ref name="WHO2026">{{Cite web |title=Infant and young child feeding |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding |website=World Health Organization |date=2026-08-04 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 2015, 83 % by'ababyeyi batangiye konsa, ariko ku mezi atandatu 58 % gusa ni bo bari bakonsa, naho 25 % bonsa gusa.<ref name="CDC2018Rate">{{Cite web|title=Results: Breastfeeding Rates|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|website=CDC|access-date=9 December 2018|language=en-us|date=1 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207150158/https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] de6lcy4jp83wxpwgpfrs3jt8fpu014u 0 23435 149441 142170 2026-11-07T21:30:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Norepinephrine | image = Norepinephrine chemical structure.svg | width = 180 | image2 = Noradrenaline-from-xtal-view-1-3D-bs-17.png | tradename = Levophed, n'andi | routes_of_administration = Mu mutsi (''intraveineuse'') | ATC_prefix = C01 | ATC_suffix = CA03 }} '''Norepinephrine''', izwi kandi nka ''noradrénaline'', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura abantu bafite umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi cyane. Itangwa iterwa buhoro buhoro mu mutsi, kandi ni molekile imwe n'umusemburo n'umutumwa w'imyakura (''neurotransmetteur'') witwa norepinephrine. Yavumbuwe mu 1946, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1950. Iboneka nk'umuti rusange. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Norepinephrine 1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Agacupa ka norepinephrine]] Norepinephrine ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi cyane.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{cite web|title=Norepinephrine Bitartrate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html |date=26 March 2017 }}</ref> Ni umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa muri ''sepsis'' iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso utazamutse nyuma yo guterwa amazi mu mitsi.<ref name="Surgical">{{Cite book|last=Latifi|first=Rifat|title=Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319298245|page=67|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165820/https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67|archive-date=2017-03-27}}</ref> Ni molekile imwe n'umusemburo n'umutumwa w'imyakura norepinephrine.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Ikora ifata kandi igakangura ''récepteurs'' za ''alpha-adrénergiques''.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara ni ukuribwa umutwe, umutima utera gahoro no guhangayika. Izindi ni [[Arrhythmia|umutima utera nabi]].<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Iyo umuti usohotse mu mutsi, ushobora gutera ''ischémie'' y'ingingo;<ref name="AHFS2017" /> icyo gihe gutera ''phentolamine'' ahangiritse bishobora gufasha.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> == Amateka n'igiciro == Norepinephrine yavumbuwe mu 1946, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu 1950.<ref name="Encyc">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123851581|page=224|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&pg=RA1-PA224|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165724/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&pg=RA1-PA224|archive-date=2017-03-27}}</ref> Iboneka nk'umuti rusange (''générique'').<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Mu [[Ubwongereza]], agacupa kamwe katwara NHS hafi £4,40.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/145 145]|edition=69}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Arrhythmia]] [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 2b40mm8p2r5s1n5cmd34ff4gsew6he9 0 23436 149389 148720 2026-11-07T21:13:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Indwara z'ibihumyo | synonyms = ''Oreillons'' (Igifaransa), ''mumps'' (Icyongereza) | image = Mumps PHIL 130 lores.jpg | caption = Umwana ufite ibihumyo: kubyimba kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' | field = Indwara zandura | symptoms = Umuriro, kuribwa imikaya, kuribwa umutwe, kubyimba kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' | complications = ''Méningite'', ''pancréatite'', kutumva burundu, kubyimba kw'amabya | onset = Iminsi 16–18 nyuma yo kwandura | duration = Iminsi 7–10 | causes = Virusi y'ibihumyo | prevention = Urukingo rw'ibihumyo | medication = [[Paracetamol]] | deaths = Umuntu 1 ku 10 000 banduye }} '''Indwara z'ibihumyo''' (mu Gifaransa: ''oreillons''; mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]]: ''mumps'') ni indwara iterwa na virusi y'ibihumyo. Irangwa no kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura z'amacandwe za ''parotide'', nyuma y'umuriro no kumva utameze neza. Irandura cyane binyuze mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero. Ishobora kwirindwa n'urukingo rufatwa inshuro ebyiri, kandi ntigira umuti wihariye. Mbere y'urukingo yari indwara isanzwe y'abana ku isi hose. == Ibimenyetso n'ingorane == Ibimenyetso bya mbere akenshi ni umuriro, kuribwa imikaya, kuribwa umutwe, kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kumva utameze neza.<ref name="WHO2007">{{Cite journal |title=Mumps virus vaccines |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |publisher=World Health Organization |volume=82 |issue=7 |pages=51–60 |date=February 2007 |pmid=17304707 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bai5th">{{Cite book|title=Bailey's head and neck surgery—otolaryngology|url=https://archive.org/details/baileysheadnecks0001unse|date=2013|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|editor1-last=Johnson |editor1-first=Jonas T. |editor2-last=Rosen |editor2-first=Clark A.|isbn=9781609136024|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=863599053}}</ref> Bikurikirwa no kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura imwe cyangwa zombi za ''parotide''.<ref name="Bai5th" /> Ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 16 kugeza kuri 18 umuntu yanduye, bigashira nyuma y'iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Bikunze gukomera ku bantu bakuru kurusha ku bana,<ref name="WHO2007" /> naho hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abanduye bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa ntibagire na kimwe.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Ingorane zishobora kuba ''méningite'' (15 %), [[Pancreatite|''pancréatite'']] (4 %), kubyimba k'[[umutima]], kutumva burundu no kubyimba kw'amabya, gake bigatera ubugumba.<ref name="Bai5th" /> [[Umugore|Abagore]] bashobora kubyimba udusabo tw'intanga, ariko ibyo ntibyongera ibyago byo kutabyara.<ref name="Hviid2008">{{cite journal |vauthors = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K |title = Mumps |journal = The Lancet |volume = 371 |issue = 9616 |pages = 932–44 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18342688 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 |url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |access-date = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |date=13 September 2020 }}</ref> Hafi umuntu umwe ku 10 000 banduye arapfa.<ref name="WHO2007" /> == Ikwirakwira n'isuzuma == [[Dosiye:Mumps virus, negative stained TEM 8758 lores.jpg|thumb|left|Virusi y'ibihumyo irebewe mu cyuma kireba utuntu duto cyane (''microscope électronique'')]] Indwara irandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bantu babana hafi.<ref name="UK2005">{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=RK|last2=Best|first2=J|last3=MacMahon|first3=E|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=14 May 2005|volume=330|issue=7500|pages=1132–5|pmid=15891229|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132|pmc=557899}}</ref> [[Virusi]] yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero cyangwa mu gukoranaho n'uwanduye, kandi abantu ni bo bonyine bayandura bakanayikwirakwiza. Umuntu yanduza kuva ku minsi irindwi mbere y'uko ''parotide'' zibyimba kugeza ku minsi umunani nyuma yaho.<ref name="Kutty2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF|title=Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-infectious-diseases_2010-06-15_50_12/page/1619|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2010|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1619–28|doi=10.1086/652770|pmid=20455692|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iyo umuntu akize, agira ubudahangarwa ubuzima bwe bwose;<ref name="WHO2007" /> kongera kwandura birashoboka ariko bikaba byoroheje. Ubusanzwe indwara ikekwa iyo ''parotide'' zabyimbye, ikemezwa no guhinga virusi ivuye mu muyoboro w'amacandwe wa ''parotide''.<ref name="Pink2012">{{Cite book |editor1-last=Atkinson |editor1-first=William |editor2-last=Wolfe |editor2-first=Charles |editor3-last=Hamborsky |editor3-first=Jennifer |chapter=Mumps |title=Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |edition=12th |date=2012 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Foundation |location=Washington, D.C. |language=en}}</ref> Gupima ''IgM'' mu maraso biroroshye kandi bifasha, ariko bishobora gutanga igisubizo kitari cyo ku bantu bakingiwe.<ref name="Pink2012" /> == Kwirinda no kuvura == Indwara z'ibihumyo zirindwa n'urukingo rufatwa inshuro ebyiri. Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere byarushyize muri gahunda yabyo yo gukingira, akenshi ruvanze n'inkingo z'iseru, ''rubéole'' na ''varicelle''.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Nta muti wihariye uyivura.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ububabare nka [[paracetamol]].<ref name="Hviid2008" /> ''Immunoglobulines'' ziterwa mu mitsi zishobora gufasha mu ngorane zimwe na zimwe.<ref name="Hviid2008" /> Kujyanwa mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa iyo havutse ''méningite'' cyangwa ''pancréatite''.<ref name="UK2005" /> == Uko ikwirakwiye == Gukingira byagabanyije umubare w'abarwara ku kigero kirenga 90 %.<ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Patel|first=Manisha|last2=Gnann|first2=John W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|pages=2172-2174|edition=26th|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2172&dq=monkeypox&hl=en|language=en|chapter=345. Mumps|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526223013/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA2172&dq=monkeypox&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho gukingira bidakwiriye.<ref name="Jung2013">{{Cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7020-5306-1|page=261|edition=23rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA261|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513194608/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA261|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mbere y'urukingo, yari indwara isanzwe y'abana ku isi hose,<ref name="WHO2007" /> ibyorezo bikaba buri myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu,<ref name="WHO2007" /> cyane cyane ku bana bafite hagati y'imyaka 5 na 9.<ref name="Cochrane2020">{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietrantonj|first=C|last2=Rivetti|first2=A|last3=Marchione|first3=P|last4=Debalini|first4=MG|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=April 2020|volume=4|page=CD004407|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4|pmid=32309885|url=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|access-date=2020-06-26|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194810/https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu bakingiwe, abari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20 ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa.<ref name="Hviid2008" /> Mu turere dushyuha, iboneka umwaka wose, naho mu turere tw'ubukonje ikunze kuboneka mu gihe cy'ubukonje n'urugaryi.<ref name="WHO2007" /> Kubyimba kubabaza kw'imvubura za ''parotide'' n'amabya byasobanuwe bwa mbere na Hippocrate mu kinyejana cya 5 mbere ya Yezu. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Virusi]] * [[Pancreatite]] * [[Herpes]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] j6wmzqqz1dtnt6bhym8zgmn0n3tuo3x 0 23448 149362 141656 2026-11-07T21:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149362 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="font-size:115%; font-style:italic; color:#54595d; margin:-0.4em 0 0.8em;" lang="fr">Mission des Nations unies pour l'assistance au Rwanda</div> {{Infobox | bodystyle = width:24em; font-size:90% | above = MINUAR | abovestyle = background:#5B92E5; color:#fff; font-size:125% | subheader = ''Mission des Nations unies pour l'assistance au Rwanda''<br />''United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda'' (UNAMIR) | image = [[File:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|120px|alt=Ikirango cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye]] | caption = Ikirango cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye | headerstyle = background:#5B92E5; color:#fff | header1 = Amakuru rusange | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro | label3 = Yashyizweho | data3 = 5 Ukwakira 1993 (icyemezo 872) | label4 = Yarangiye | data4 = 8 Werurwe 1996 | label5 = Icyicaro | data5 = [[Kigali]], [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|22x15px|border|link=Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Rwanda]] | label6 = Bushamikiye kuri | data6 = [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] | header7 = Abayobozi | label8 = Intumwa yihariye | data8 = Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh (1993–1994)<br />Shahryar Khan (guhera 1994) | label9 = Abakuru b'ingabo | data9 = [[Roméo Dallaire]] (1993–1994)<br />Guy Tousignant (1994–1995)<br />Shiva Kumar (1995–1996) | header10 = Abakozi | label11 = Abasirikare | data11 = 2 500 (1993)<br />270 (Mata 1994)<br />5 500 byemejwe (MINUAR II) | label12 = Abapfuye | data12 = 27 }} '''MINUAR''' (mu Gifaransa: ''Mission des Nations unies pour l'assistance au Rwanda''; mu Cyongereza: ''United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda'', UNAMIR) yari ubutumwa bw'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (Loni) bwo kubungabunga amahoro mu [[Rwanda]], bwashyizweho ku ya 5 Ukwakira 1993 bukarangira ku ya 8 Werurwe 1996. Bwari bugamije gufasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano y'amahoro ya [[Umujyi wa Arusha|Arusha]], yashyizweho umukono ku ya 4 Kanama 1993 hagati ya Leta y'u Rwanda na [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]]. Ingabo zabwo zari ziyobowe n'Umunyakanada [[Roméo Dallaire]]. MINUAR ntiyashoboye gukumira cyangwa guhagarika [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], kubera manda itarayemereraga gukoresha ingufu n'abasirikare bake yari ifite, nubwo yarokoye ibihumbi by'abantu bari bahungiye mu bigo byayo. == Ishingwa == Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano ku isi kashyizeho MINUAR mu cyemezo nimero 872 cyo ku ya 5 Ukwakira 1993, hashingiwe ku gice cya VI cy'Amasezerano shingiro ya Loni: ntiyari yemerewe gukoresha intwaro uretse mu kwirwanaho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution 872 (1993) |url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/872(1993) |website=United Nations Security Council |date=1993-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> Inshingano zayo zari izi: gufasha mu mutekano w'umujyi wa [[Kigali]], gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry'agahenge, gufasha mu gukura mu butaka ibisasu bitaturitse, gukurikirana itahuka ry'impunzi no guhuza ibikorwa by'ubutabazi.<ref name="background">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda – UNAMIR: Background |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unamir.htm |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Luc Marchal.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Koloneli Luc Marchal, wayoboraga abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR]] Intumwa yihariye y'Umunyamabanga mukuru wa Loni yari Umunyakameruni Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh, wasimbuwe muri Nyakanga 1994 na Shahryar Khan wo muri Pakisitani. Roméo Dallaire yayoboye ingabo kugeza muri Kanama 1994, asimburwa n'Umunyakanada Guy Tousignant. Abasirikare bari bateganyijwe bari 2 500, ahanini baturutse mu [[Ububiligi]], muri [[Bangaladeshi]], muri [[Gana]] no muri [[Tunisiya]].<ref name="faits">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda – UNAMIR: Facts and figures |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unamirF.htm |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}</ref> == Mbere ya jenoside == Ku ya 11 Mutarama 1994, Dallaire yoherereje icyicaro cya Loni i New York ubutumwa buvuga ko umwe mu batoza b'[[Interahamwe]] yamumenyesheje ko hari intwaro zihishwe, ko hakozwe amalisiti y'Abatutsi, kandi ko hari umugambi wo kwica abasirikare b'Ababiligi. Dallaire yasabye uburenganzira bwo gufata izo ntwaro, ariko Ishami rya Loni rishinzwe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro rirabyanga, rivuga ko birenze manda ya MINUAR.<ref name="raporo">{{Cite web |title=Rapport de la Commission indépendante d'enquête sur les actions de l'Organisation des Nations unies lors du génocide de 1994 au Rwanda |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/395/48/PDF/N9939548.pdf |website=Nations unies |date=1999-12-15 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mezi yakurikiyeho umutekano wakomeje kuzamba; ku ya 5 Mata 1994, Akanama gashinzwe umutekano kongereye manda ya MINUAR kugeza ku ya 29 Nyakanga 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution 909 (1994) |url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/909(1994) |website=United Nations Security Council |date=1994-04-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Mu gihe cya jenoside == [[File:UNAMIR Belgian soldiers memorial.jpg|thumb|right|Urwibutso rw'abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR i Kigali]] Nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaratangiye. Bukeye bwaho, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] yarishwe, kimwe n'[[Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi|abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi]] ba MINUAR bari bashinzwe kumurinda. Ku ya 11 Mata, abasirikare b'Ababiligi bari mu ishuri rya ETO i Kicukiro bararivuyemo, basiga abantu bagera ku 2 000 bari bahahungiye, bahita bicwa; muri bo harimo [[Boniface Ngulinzira]].<ref name="raporo" /> Ububiligi bwahise buvana abasirikare babwo muri MINUAR, maze ku ya 21 Mata 1994 Akanama gashinzwe umutekano kagabanya umubare w'abasirikare bayo ukagera kuri 270.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution 912 (1994) |url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/912(1994) |website=United Nations Security Council |date=1994-04-21 |language=en}}</ref> Nubwo yari ifite ubushobozi buke, MINUAR yarinze ibihumbi by'abantu bari bahungiye kuri [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Stade Amahoro]] no mu bindi bigo bya Loni.<ref name="raporo" /> Ku ya 17 Gicurasi 1994, icyemezo 918 cyaguye manda ya MINUAR (yiswe MINUAR II) kandi cyemeza abasirikare bagera ku 5 500, ariko abasirikare bashya batangiye kugera muri Kamena, abenshi bagera jenoside yararangiye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution 918 (1994) |url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/918(1994) |website=United Nations Security Council |date=1994-05-17 |language=en}}</ref> == Nyuma ya jenoside == [[File:DF-ST-99-05846.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Abasirikare bo muri Etiyopiya boherejwe muri MINUAR II, 1994]] Nyuma y'uko FPR-Inkotanyi ihagaritse jenoside muri Nyakanga 1994, MINUAR yakomeje gufasha mu kugarura umutekano no gufasha impunzi n'abavanywe mu byabo gutahuka. Manda yayo yongerewe inshuro nyinshi, kugeza ubwo, ku busabe bwa Leta y'u Rwanda, Akanama gashinzwe umutekano kemeje ko irangira burundu ku ya 8 Werurwe 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Security Council ends UNAMIR mandate on 8 March 1996, adjusts objectives, responds to wishes of Rwandan Government |url=https://press.un.org/en/1995/19951212.sc6141.html |website=United Nations |date=1995-12-12 |language=en}}</ref> Abantu 27 bo muri MINUAR baguye muri ubwo butumwa.<ref name="faits" /> == Isuzuma == Raporo ya komisiyo yigenga yakoze iperereza ku bikorwa bya Loni mu gihe cya jenoside (1999) yagaragaje ko MINUAR yari ifite abasirikare bake, ibikoresho bishaje na manda itajyanye n'ibihe, kandi ko ibihugu bigize Loni bitagaragaje ubushake bwo kuyiha ubushobozi. Iyo raporo yashimye ariko ubutwari bwa bamwe mu bagize MINUAR, by'umwihariko Jenerali Dallaire n'abasirikare bo muri Gana no muri Tunisiya bagumye mu Rwanda igihe cyose cya jenoside.<ref name="raporo" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Roméo Dallaire]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi]] * [[Sitade y'Igihugu Amahoro|Stade Amahoro]] * [[Igikorwa Amaryllis]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Records of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) (1993-1996) |url=https://search.archives.un.org/united-nations-assistance-mission-for-rwanda-unamir-1993-1996 |website=United Nations Archives |language=en}} * {{Commonscat|United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last=Dallaire |first=Roméo |title=Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda |publisher=Arrow Books |location=London |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-09-947893-5 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last=Barnett |first=Michael |title=Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda |url=https://archive.org/details/eyewitnesstogeno00barn_0 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2002 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] 8t2yg1mie8gry5gvrc5ljpartq09j1x 0 23455 149260 142097 2026-11-07T19:44:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Heliconia | species = rostrata | authority = [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]] (1802) | image = Heliconia rostrata (2026-05-27, Jardin botanique Jean-Marie Pelt, Villers-lès-Nancy, France).jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Heliconia rostrata'' | synonyms = * ''Bihai rostrata'' Griggs * ''Heliconia poeppigiana'' Eichler ex Petersen * ''Bihai poeppigiana'' (Eichler ex Petersen) Kuntze }} '''''Heliconia rostrata''''' (mu Cyongereza ''hanging lobster claw'' cyangwa ''false bird of paradise'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Ikimera|ikimera]] kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Heliconiaceae''. Gikomoka mu mashyamba ashyuha y'imvura yo muri [[Amerika]] yo Hagati no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Amerika y’Epfo]], kandi cyakwirakwiriye no mu tundi turere dushyuha tw'isi. Ni ikimera cy'icyatsi kimara imyaka myinshi, gishobora kugera kuri metero 5 z'uburebure, gifite amababi manini asa n'ay'[[Insina|insina]] n'indabo zitukura n'umuhondo zimanuka zimanitse. Gihingwa cyane mu [[Ubusitani|busitani]] bwo mu turere dushyuha kubera ubwiza bwacyo, kandi muri [[Boliviya]] ni kimwe mu ndabo z'ikirango cy'igihugu, aho cyitwa ''patujú''. == Imiterere == [[File:Heliconia rostrata close up.jpg|thumb|Indabo nto zihishe munsi y'ibibabi by'amabara (''bractées'')]] ''Heliconia rostrata'' ni ikimera cy'icyatsi kimara imyaka myinshi, gishobora kugera kuri metero 5 z'uburebure. Amababi yacyo, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 60 kugeza kuri metero 1,2, asa n'ay'insina. Mu gihe ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa ''Heliconia'' (nka ''Heliconia bihai'') bufite indabo zimeze nk'izamuka, zifite ibibabi bimeze nk'ibikombe bibika amazi y'imvura akoreshwa n'[[Inyoni|inyoni]] n'udukoko, ''Heliconia rostrata'' yo ifite indabo zimanuka zimanitse, ibibabi byazo by'amabara bireba hasi, n'indabo nto zihishe munsi yabyo. Kubera ko ibyo bibabi bitabika amazi y'imvura, indabo zitanga umutobe (''nectar'') utavanze n'amazi.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ruiz López |first1=Hipólito |last2=Pavón |first2=José Antonio |title=Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis |volume=3 |page=71 |year=1802 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/674785 |language=la}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor1-last=Brako |editor1-first=L. |editor2-last=Zarucchi |editor2-first=J. L. |title=Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru |series=Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=45 |year=1993 |language=en}}</ref> Abazihinga bazi ''Heliconia'' nk'indabo zisurwa n'inyoni nyinshi, cyane cyane ''colibri'' (''hummingbirds''). == Aho kiboneka == ''Heliconia rostrata'' ikomoka muri [[Amerika]] yo Hagati ([[Belize]], [[Gwatemala]], [[Hondurasi]], El Salvador, [[Kosita Rika]], [[Panama]]) no muri [[Amerika y’Epfo]] ([[Kolombiya]], [[Venezuwela]], Ekwateri, [[Peru]], [[Boliviya]], [[Burezile]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heliconia rostrata |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-248570 |website=The Plant List |language=en}}</ref> Iboneka cyane mu mashyamba ashyuha y'imvura, kuko ikunda ahantu hashyuha kandi hahehereye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heliconia rostrata |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/e4c67d05-a7c8-40eb-87db-8dd4644ea21a/content |website=ScholarSpace, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |language=en}}</ref> Yakwirakwiriye kandi mu tundi turere dushyuha, nka Porto Riko no ku kirwa cya Réunion mu Nyanja y'Abahinde. == Ikirango cya Boliviya == Muri [[Boliviya]], ''Heliconia rostrata'' yitwa ''patujú'' kandi ni imwe mu ndabo ebyiri z'ikirango cy'igihugu, hamwe na ''cantuta'' (''Cantua buxifolia'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polémica por el Patujú: el símbolo patrio es la flor, no la bandera |url=https://boliviaverifica.bo/polemica-por-el-patuju-el-simbolo-patrio-es-la-flor-no-la-bandera/ |website=Bolivia Verifica |date=November 2020 |language=es}}</ref> == Ihingwa == [[File:Heliconia rostrata à São Tomé.jpg|thumb|left|''Heliconia rostrata'' i São Tomé]] ''Heliconia rostrata'' ikunze guhingwa mu busitani no mu mbuga zo mu turere dushyuha kandi duhehereye. Ikenera ubushyuhe n'ubuhehere bwo mu kirere; ni byiza kuyibika ahantu hari ubushyuhe burenze dogere 18 °C. Ikenera ubutaka bukungahaye ku ifumbire, urugero nk'inombe nziza, kandi igomba kuvomererwa buri gihe n'amazi meza, igihe cyose ubutaka bwumye hejuru. == Andi mazina y'ubumenyi == Dukurikije ''World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'' (WCSP)<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |url=http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2012-03-24 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313020656/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/ |archive-date=2022-03-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>, ''Heliconia rostrata'' yanitwa: * ''Bihai rostrata'' Griggs (1904) * ''Heliconia poeppigiana'' Eichler ex Petersen (1890) * ''Bihai poeppigiana'' (Eichler ex Petersen) Kuntze (1891) == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Heliconia rostrata (Hanging lobster claw) 01.jpg Heliconia rostrata 4.jpg Heliconia rostrata in Malaysia.jpg Heliconia rostrata close up with ants.jpg|''Heliconia rostrata'' n'ibimonyo Lobster claws flower.jpg </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Insina]] * [[Ikimera]] * [[Ubusitani]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heliconia_rostrata Amafoto ya ''Heliconia rostrata''] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Heliconia-rostrata ''Heliconia rostrata''] kuri iNaturalist * [https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=312768 ''Heliconia rostrata''] kuri GRIN * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=96511 ''Heliconia rostrata''] kuri NCBI [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] gslg6phjkkr6iabiyb86o5665uj49ri 0 23485 149386 146189 2026-11-07T21:12:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amoko mu Rwanda''' bivuga amatsinda atatu y'abantu yakunze kuvugwa mu Rwanda: [[Abahutu]], [[Abatutsi]] na [[Abatwa]]. Bose bavuga ururimi rumwe, [[Ikinyarwanda]], kandi basangiye umuco n'imyemerere. Inkomoko n'imiterere y'aya matsinda ni ingingo itavugwaho rumwe n'abahanga mu mateka. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, Ababiligi bayagize ibyiciro bidahinduka byanditswe mu ndangamuntu, ibyo bigira uruhare mu macakubiri yagejeje kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Mbere y'ubukoloni == [[File:Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace.jpg|thumb|left|Ingoro y'umwami i Nyanza.]] Abakurambere b'Abahutu n'Abatutsi batuye muri aka karere mu gihe cy'imyaka igera ku bihumbi bibiri, basangira ururimi, imyemerere, umuco n'intwari.<ref name="hrw" /> Abenshi bari abahinzi, naho aborozi b'[[inka]] babanaga na bo. Mbere, ijambo « Umututsi » ryavugaga umuntu ukize ku nka, naho « Umuhutu » rikavuga umugaragu cyangwa umuntu uri munsi y'undi; buhoro buhoro « Abatutsi » ryaje kuvuga abategetsi, « Abahutu » rivuga rubanda.<ref name="hrw" /> Imbibi hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi ntizari zidahinduka, kandi bamwe mu Bahutu bari mu butegetsi. Abatwa, bari hafi 1 % by'abaturage, bari abahigi n'abatoragura mu mashyamba.<ref name="hrw" /> == Inkomoko itavugwaho rumwe == Abahanga bamwe bavuga ko amatsinda atatu yaje mu Rwanda mu bihe bitandukanye: mbere Abatwa, hakurikiraho Abahutu, hanyuma Abatutsi baturutse mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba mu kinyejana cya 14 cyangwa cya 15.<ref name="britannica" /> Abandi bemeza ko ayo matsinda yatandukanye buhoro buhoro mu gihugu, bitewe n'imibereho n'ubukungu.<ref name="hrw" /> Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Abanyaburayi bakwirakwije « igitekerezo cy'Abahami » (''Hamitic hypothesis''), cyavugaga ko Abatutsi ari ubwoko bwisumbuye bwaturutse mu majyaruguru ya [[Afurika]]. Kuva mu myaka ya 1960, abahanga mu mateka bagaragaje ko iyo nkuru yari ishingiye ku bitekerezo by'Abanyaburayi kurusha amateka nyayo y'u Rwanda.<ref name="hrw" /> == Ubukoloni n'indangamuntu == Ku butegetsi bw'[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]], imyanya y'ubutegetsi n'amashuri makuru byahawe ahanini Abatutsi, ibyo byongera urwango hagati y'amatsinda.<ref name="hrw" /><ref name="britannica" /> Mu myaka ya 1930, Ababiligi banditse ubwoko bwa buri Munyarwanda mu ndangamuntu: hafi 84 % Abahutu, 15 % Abatutsi na 1 % Abatwa. Iryo yandikwa ryatumye ibyiciro bidahinduka.<ref name="hrw" /> Nyuma ya revolisiyo yo mu 1959–1961, ubutegetsi bwa repubulika bwakomeje gukoresha iyo ndangamuntu mu guheza Abatutsi mu kazi no mu mashuri.<ref name="hrw" /> == Nyuma ya jenoside == Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwoko bwavanywe mu ndangamuntu.<ref name="irb" /> Mu 2013, Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubumwe n'Ubwiyunge yatangije gahunda ya « Ndi Umunyarwanda », naho itegeko n° 59/2018 ryo ku wa 22 Kanama 2018 rihana icyaha cy'ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n'ibyaha bifitanye isano na cyo.<ref name="irb" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="hrw">{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-09.htm|work=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda|publisher=Human Rights Watch|author=Alison Des Forges|date=March 1999|access-date=2026-10-14|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|title=Tutsi|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tutsi|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2026-10-14|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="irb">{{Cite web|title=Rwanda: Relations between Hutus and Tutsis (2019–July 2021)|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2061347.html|publisher=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada|date=2021-08-31|access-date=2026-10-14|language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Abahutu]] * [[Abatutsi]] * [[Abatwa]] * [[Bahutu Manifesto]] * [[Amateka y'u Rwanda]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book|last=Mamdani|first=Mahmood|title=When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda|url=https://archive.org/details/whenvictimsbecom00mamd|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2001|language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko]] jj7wk50zfuwjthguvhf83j8hpxvhc7k 0 23487 149368 142141 2026-11-07T21:04:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Delonix | species = regia | authority = (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | image = Royal Poinciana.jpg | image_caption = Igiti cya ''Delonix regia'' kirabije }} '''''Delonix regia''''' (mu Gifaransa ''flamboyant'', mu Cyongereza ''flame tree'' cyangwa ''royal poinciana'') ni ubwoko bw'[[Igiti|igiti]] kirabya cyo mu muryango w'ibishyimbo (''Fabaceae''), gikomoka muri [[Madagasikari]]. Kizwi cyane kubera indabo zacyo nyinshi z'umutuku cyangwa icunga n'amababi yacyo ameze nk'aya ''fougère''. Giterwa hose mu turere dushyuha tw'isi nk'igiti cy'imitako n'icy'igicucu ku mihanda no ku bibuga rusange. == Izina == Izina ry'ubwoko ''Delonix'' rikomoka mu Kigereki ''delos'' (« bigaragara ») na ''onux'' (« urwara »), kubera ko amababi y'indabo zacyo afite agati karekare; naho ''regia'' bisobanura « cy'umwami » mu Kilatini, rikaba ryerekana ubwiza bw'indabo zacyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chauvet |first=Michel |title=Etymologia botanica : dictionnaire des noms latins des plantes |publisher=Biotope éditions |year=2024 |language=fr}}</ref> == Imiterere == [[File:Delonix regia flower Navarre St 7th Brigade Park Chermside P1200714.jpg|thumb|left|Ururabo rwa ''Delonix regia'']] ''Delonix regia'' ni igiti gisanzwe gifite uburebure bwa metero 5 kugeza kuri 8, ariko gishobora kurenga metero 15. Igihimba cyacyo kiba kinyerera kandi gisa n'ikijuju iyo kikiri gito. Umutwe wacyo umeze nk'umutaka, ufite amashami manini n'amababi agabanyijemo uduce duto twinshi, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 30 kugeza kuri 50. Indabo zacyo zifite amababi ane y'umutuku agera kuri santimetero 8, n'irya gatanu rinini rihagaze hagati, rifite imirongo y'umweru cyangwa y'umuhondo. Kirabya cyane ku mpera z'igihe cy'izuba. Imbuto zacyo ni imiteja minini ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 40 kugeza kuri 60 n'ubugari bwa santimetero 5, buri wose urimo imbuto nka cumi. == Aho kiboneka == Nubwo cyari kimaze ibinyejana byinshi gihingwa hirya no hino, aho cyakomotse ntihari hazwi neza kugeza mu 1932, ubwo umuhanga J. Leandri yavumburaga ibiti byacyo byimereye mu gasozi ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bwa [[Madagasikari]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Everard |first1=Barbara |last2=Morley |first2=Brian |title=Wildflowers of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/wildflowersofwor00ever |location=New York |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1970 |page=Plate 113 |language=en}}</ref> Ubu giterwa mu turere twose dushyuha tw'isi, harimo [[Afurika]], [[Aziya]], [[Amerika]] n'amajyaruguru ya [[Ositaraliya]]. == Imikoreshereze == ''Delonix regia'' yakoreshejwe nk'igiti gitanga igicucu mu mirima y'icyayi no mu nzuri, ku mihanda no ku bibuga rusange. Indabo zacyo zitanga umutobe ukoreshwa n'[[Uruyuki|inzuki]] mu gukora [[ubuki]]. Igiti cyacyo cyoroshye gikoreshwa mu kubaka ibintu byoroheje nk'ubwato, nubwo cyangizwa n'imiswa; kenshi gikoreshwa nk'inkwi, kimwe n'imiteja yacyo. == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> Flowering branches of flame tree (Delonix regia).jpg|Amashami arabije Delonix regia (Gulmohar) leaves closeup.jpg|Amababi Starr 060721-9591 Delonix regia.jpg|Imiteja Royal Poinciana Tree Seeds.JPG|Imbuto </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jakaranda]] * [[Spathodea campanulata]] * [[Umuko]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Delonix_regia Amafoto ya ''Delonix regia''] kuri Wikimedia Commons * [https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/Delonix-regia ''Delonix regia''] kuri iNaturalist [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 7d0zv8i9g2bby6s5n1hhlltx7dwgea9 0 23496 149491 142163 2026-11-08T02:46:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Hibiscus | species = rosa-sinensis | authority = L. (1753) | image = Hibiscus Brilliant.jpg | image_caption = Ururabo rwa ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' }} '''''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''''' (mu Gifaransa ''hibiscus'' cyangwa ''rose de Chine'', mu Cyongereza ''Chinese hibiscus'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Malvaceae'', giterwa ku isi hose mu turere dushyuha kubera indabo zacyo nini z'amabara menshi. Ni ururabo rw'igihugu cya Maleziya. Buri rurabo rumara umunsi umwe gusa, ariko igihuru kirabya kenshi. == Izina n'inkomoko == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Species Plantarum'' (1753).<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> Inkomoko yacyo nyayo ntiramenyekana neza: ''Plants of the World Online'' ivuga ko ari ikimera cyahinzwe gikomoka ku mvange z'amoko yo mu birwa byo mu majyepfo y'inyanja ya Pasifika, naho izindi nkomoko zivuga ko gikomoka muri Aziya.<ref name="powo" /><ref name="si" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower (red) 1.jpg|thumb|left|Ururabo rutukura rwa ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''.]] ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'' ni igihuru gishobora kugera kuri metero 1,2 kugeza kuri 3 z'uburebure.<ref name="si" /> Amababi yacyo ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, arabagirana kandi ntagwa, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 7 kugeza kuri 15 n'impande zifite amenyo.<ref name="kpu" /> Indabo zacyo zishobora kugira diyametero ya santimetero 5 kugeza kuri 25, zikagira amabara menshi: umweru, umuhondo, oranje, iroza, umutuku cyangwa isine. Buri rurabo rumara umunsi umwe, ariko igihuru gikomeza kurabya igihe kirekire.<ref name="si" /><ref name="kpu" /> == Aho kiboneka n'imikoreshereze == Giterwa mu turere twinshi dushyuha two ku isi, harimo ibihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Kenya, [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ndetse no muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name="powo" /> Giterwa cyane nk'igihuru cy'imitako mu busitani, ku nkengero z'inzu cyangwa nk'uruzitiro.<ref name="si" /> Gikoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi, mu biribwa no mu kugaburira amatungo.<ref name="powo" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560756-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126235812/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A560756-1 |archive-date=2024-11-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Hibiscus rosa-sinensis |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/19600046 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="si">{{Cite web |title=Care of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis |url=https://gardens.si.edu/learn/educational-resources/plant-care-sheets/care-of-hibiscus-rosa-sinensis |publisher=Smithsonian Gardens |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="kpu">{{Cite web |title=Hibiscus rosa-sinensis |url=https://plantdatabase.kpu.ca/PlantPrint/hiro |website=Plant Database |publisher=Kwantlen Polytechnic University |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Bougainvillea]] * [[Canna indica]] * [[Jacaranda mimosifolia]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis Amafoto ya ''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 6hbkmwftrsurqrvedfrgrl0wzaarvbd 0 23500 149435 146190 2026-11-07T21:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bahutu Manifesto''' (mu Gifaransa ''Manifeste des Bahutu'') ni inyandiko yanditswe ku wa 24 Werurwe 1957 n'abize b'[[Abahutu]] icyenda, barimo [[Grégoire Kayibanda]], yamagana ubusumbane hagati y'Abahutu n'[[Abatutsi]] ku butegetsi bw'[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]]. Iyo nyandiko yagize uruhare runini mu ishingwa ry'imitwe ya politiki y'Abahutu no mu bikorwa byo mu 1959 byakuyeho ingoma ya cyami, kandi yongereye amacakubiri yagejeje kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Amateka == [[File:Grégoire Kayibanda (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Grégoire Kayibanda, umwe mu banditsi b'iyo nyandiko.]] Mu 1957, igihe Inama nkuru y'igihugu yasabaga ko ubutegetsi bwahabwa Abanyarwanda vuba, itsinda ry'abayobozi b'Abahutu ryabonaga ko ibyo byari gukomeza ubutegetsi bw'Abatutsi. Ku wa 24 Werurwe 1957, i [[Kabgayi]], Grégoire Kayibanda, Calliope Mulindahabi na Aloys Munyangaju n'abandi bashyize ahagaragara iyo nyandiko.<ref name="linden" /> Umutwe wayo wuzuye wari ''Note sur l'aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda'' (« Inyandiko ku bijyanye n'imibereho y'ikibazo cy'amoko kavukire mu Rwanda »), ikaba yari igenewe Guverineri wa Ruanda-Urundi.<ref name="totten" /> == Ibikubiyemo == Iyo nyandiko yavugaga ko ikibazo nyamukuru cy'u Rwanda ari uko ubutegetsi, ubukungu n'imibereho byari byihariwe n'Abatutsi, kandi yashinjaga ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bwakoreraga mu bami b'Abatutsi (''indirect rule'').<ref name="linden" /><ref name="blackpast" /> Yasabaga ubumwe bw'Abahutu mu bya politiki.<ref name="blackpast" /> == Ingaruka == Mu 1959, abayobozi ba politiki b'Abahutu, bafashijwe n'Ababiligi, bakuyeho ingoma ya cyami y'Abatutsi; Abatutsi ibihumbi bishwe, abagera ku 130.000 bahungira mu bihugu bituranye n'u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962.<ref name="blackpast" /> Grégoire Kayibanda yabaye Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika, ayoboye ishyaka [[Parmehutu]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="linden">{{Cite book |last=Linden |first=Ian |title=Church and Revolution in Rwanda |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1977 |page=249 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/fgtshow.php?num=214 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="totten">{{Cite book |last1=Totten |first1=Samuel |last2=Bartrop |first2=Paul Robert |last3=Jacobs |first3=Steven L. |chapter=Bahutu Manifesto |title=Dictionary of Genocide: A-L |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofgeno0002tott |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2008 |pages=33–34 |isbn=9780313346422 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="blackpast">{{Cite web |last=Hurst |first=Ryan G. |title=Bahutu Manifesto (1957) |url=https://new.blackpast.org/global-african-history/bahutu-manifesto-1957 |website=BlackPast.org |date=2009-05-22 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] * [[Amoko mu Rwanda]] * [[Abahutu]] * [[Abatutsi]] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko]] e32t6ymgyvwpq8ol1fv0ihofmxkg6tg 0 23513 149519 142183 2026-11-08T07:14:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Nerium | species = oleander | authority = L. (1753) | image = Nerium oleander flowers leaves.jpg | image_caption = Indabo n'amababi ya ''Nerium oleander'' }} '''''Nerium oleander''''' (mu Gifaransa ''laurier-rose'', mu Cyongereza ''oleander'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka mu karere ka Mediterane kugeza muri Aziya. Giterwa cyane ku isi hose nk'igihuru cy'imitako kubera indabo zacyo z'iroza, umweru cyangwa umutuku. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Species Plantarum'' (1753).<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Nerium oleander Ouarzazate wild1.jpg|thumb|left|''Nerium oleander'' mu gasozi muri Maroke.]] ''Nerium oleander'' ni igihuru gishobora kugera kuri metero 1,5 kugeza kuri 6 z'uburebure. Amababi yacyo ni maremare kandi mato mu bugari, akomeye, y'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 18.<ref name="ncsu" /> Indabo zacyo zihumura zifite amababi atanu, zikaba umweru, iroza ryijimye cyangwa andi mabara. Imbuto zacyo ni ibishishwa birebire (santimetero 13 kugeza kuri 18) birimo imbuto nto zifite ubwoya, zitwarwa n'umuyaga.<ref name="ncsu" /> == Uburozi == Ibice byose by'iki kimera ni uburozi bukomeye kuko birimo ibinyabutabire byitwa ''glycosides cardiaques'' bigira ingaruka ku mutima. Kukirya bishobora gutera iseseme, kuruka, gutera nabi k'umutima ndetse n'urupfu. Umwotsi wacyo iyo gitwitswe nawo ugira ingaruka mbi, kandi gishobora kubabaza uruhu. Ni uburozi kandi ku mbwa, injangwe n'amafarasi.<ref name="ncsu" /> == Aho kiboneka n'imikoreshereze == Gikomoka mu karere ka Mediterane, mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no muri Aziya kugeza muri Miyanimari.<ref name="powo" /> Cyajyanywe mu bihugu byinshi, birimo ibyo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Kenya na Etiyopiya.<ref name="powo" /> Giterwa nk'uruzitiro cyangwa igihuru cy'imitako; kihanganira izuba, amapfa n'umunyu wo ku nkombe z'inyanja.<ref name="ncsu" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Nerium oleander L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:80460-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261019152947/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:80460-1 |archive-date=2026-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Nerium oleander |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/1800765 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ncsu">{{Cite web |title=Nerium oleander (Oleander) |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/nerium-oleander/ |website=North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |publisher=N.C. Cooperative Extension |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]] * [[Bougainvillea]] * [[Tecoma stans]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nerium_oleander Amafoto ya ''Nerium oleander''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] io7clck52hkofcad5fo7mw3vjotnn83 0 23518 149537 149011 2026-11-08T08:08:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Plumeria | species = rubra | authority = L. (1753) | image = Plumeria-wiki-Zachi-Evenor-001a.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Plumeria rubra'' }} '''''Plumeria rubra''''' (mu Gifaransa ''frangipanier'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''frangipani'') ni ubwoko bw'igiti gito kirabya cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka muri Amerika yo Hagati, kuva muri [[Megizike]] kugeza muri Venezuwela. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo zihumura neza, z'iroza, umutuku, umweru cyangwa umuhondo, kandi giterwa cyane mu turere dushyuha two ku isi nk'igiti cy'imitako. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Species Plantarum'' (1753).<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> Izina ry'ubwoko ''Plumeria'' ryitiriwe umuhanga mu bimera w'Umufaransa Charles Plumier.<ref name="nparks" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Plumeria rubra tree spotted at Tellapur.jpg|thumb|left|Igiti cya ''Plumeria rubra''.]] ''Plumeria rubra'' ni [[igiti]] gito gishobora kugera kuri metero 8 z'uburebure, gifite umutwe mugari umeze nk'inkono. Amababi yacyo ni manini, akomeye kandi arabagirana, akagwa mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka.<ref name="nparks" /> Indabo zacyo zihumura, zifite amabara atandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwahinzwe; ntizigira umutobe w'isukari, kandi zibangurirwa n'udusimba nk'ibinyugunyugu bya nijoro. Urubuto rwacyo ni igishishwa cyumye gihinduka umukara cyangwa ikigina.<ref name="nparks" /> Iyo gikomeretse, kivamo amashira y'umweru ashobora gutera uruhu kwishimagura no kubyimba, kandi kuyamira bishobora gutera kuruka no gucibwamo.<ref name="nparks" /><ref name="qld" /> == Aho kiboneka n'imikoreshereze == Gikomoka mu bihugu bya Amerika yo Hagati n'amajyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyepfo, kuva muri Megizike kugeza muri Kolombiya na Venezuwela.<ref name="powo" /><ref name="nparks" /> Cyajyanywe mu turere twinshi dushyuha two ku isi.<ref name="powo" /> Giterwa nk'igiti cy'imitako mu busitani, ku nkengero z'imihanda no mu nkono, kubera impumuro nziza y'indabo zacyo.<ref name="nparks" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81275-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015043710/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81275-1 |archive-date=2026-10-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/1800011 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nparks">{{Cite web |title=Plumeria rubra |url=https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/0/3074 |website=Flora & Fauna Web |publisher=National Parks Board, Singapore |date=2023-03-06 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="qld">{{Cite web |title=Frangipani (Plumeria) |url=https://www.poisonsinfo.health.qld.gov.au/plants-and-mushrooms/frangipani-plumeria |publisher=Queensland Poisons Information Centre |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]], ikindi kimera cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'' * [[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]] * [[Bougainvillea]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plumeria_rubra Amafoto ya ''Plumeria rubra''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] m52smxfox0xrvoslvjsvrblavd38ujy 0 23524 149479 142199 2026-11-07T22:40:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Allamanda | species = cathartica | authority = L. (1771) | image = Bunga Alamanda chatartica 01.jpg | image_caption = Ururabo rwa ''Allamanda cathartica'' }} '''''Allamanda cathartica''''' (mu Gifaransa ''allamanda'' cyangwa ''liane à lait'', mu Cyongereza ''golden trumpet'' cyangwa ''yellow allamanda'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru kizamuka cyo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'', gikomoka mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyepfo. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nini z'umuhondo zimeze nk'impanda, kandi giterwa mu turere dushyuha nk'ikimera cy'imitako. Amashira yacyo y'umweru ni uburozi. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Mantissa Plantarum'' (1771).<ref name="powo" /><ref name="tropicos" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Fruit and seeds of Allamanda cathartica in Da Lat city, Vietnam.jpg|thumb|left|Urubuto n'imbuto bya ''Allamanda cathartica''.]] ''Allamanda cathartica'' ni igihuru kizamuka nk'umugozi, gishobora kugera kuri metero 10 iyo cyurira ibindi. Amababi yacyo arabagirana, ni icyatsi kibisi cyijimye kandi akomeye, afite uburebure bwa santimetero 8 kugeza kuri 15, akaba ari mu matsinda ya 3 cyangwa 4 ku gice kimwe cy'uruti.<ref name="bq" /> Indabo zacyo z'umuhondo zimeze nk'impanda, zifite diyametero ya santimetero 6 kugeza kuri 10 n'amababi atanu. Urubuto rwacyo ni rwiburungushuye (hafi santimetero 4), rutwikiriwe n'amahwa yoroshye, kandi rurimo imbuto ziringaniye zifite amababa mato.<ref name="bq" /> == Uburozi == Ibice byose by'iki kimera bifatwa nk'uburozi: kukirya bishobora gutera gucibwamo no kuruka, naho amashira yacyo y'umweru ashobora kubabaza uruhu.<ref name="qld" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu majyaruguru ya Amerika y'Amajyepfo kugeza mu majyaruguru ya Boliviya, harimo Burezili, Venezuwela na Giyana.<ref name="powo" /> Cyajyanywe mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, birimo [[Tanzaniya]], Madagasikari na Zimbabwe.<ref name="powo" /> Muri Queensland (Ositaraliya) gifatwa nk'ikimera cyigabiza gikwirakwira mu mashyamba no ku nkengero z'imihanda.<ref name="bq" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Allamanda cathartica L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319065-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204022112/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319065-2 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="tropicos">{{Cite web |title=Allamanda cathartica |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/1800001 |website=Tropicos.org |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="bq">{{Cite web |title=Yellow allamanda |url=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases/weeds-diseases/invasive-plants/other/yellow-allamanda |website=Business Queensland |publisher=Queensland Government |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="qld">{{Cite web |title=Yellow allamanda (Allamanda schottii, Allamanda cathartica) |url=https://www.poisonsinfo.health.qld.gov.au/plants-and-mushrooms/yellow-allamanda-allamanda-schottii,-allamanda-cathartica |publisher=Queensland Poisons Information Centre |date=July 2023 |access-date=2026-10-14 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]] na [[Plumeria rubra]], ibindi bimera byo mu muryango wa ''Apocynaceae'' * [[Tecoma stans]] * [[Bougainvillea]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Allamanda_cathartica Amafoto ya ''Allamanda cathartica''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] hvest9bq4kkg93qo0zvnbq5y8bdxvcr 0 23530 149433 149025 2026-11-07T21:27:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Brugmansia | species = suaveolens | authority = (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet | synonyms = ''Datura suaveolens'' Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | image = Brugmansia suaveolens - zhank puttra 2019.jpg | image_caption = Indabo za ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' }} '''''Brugmansia suaveolens''''' (mu Kinyarwanda ''ikibutibuti'', mu Gifaransa ''trompette des anges'' cyangwa ''trompette du jugement dernier'', mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] ''angel's trumpet'') ni ubwoko bw'igihuru cyangwa [[igiti]] gito cyo mu muryango wa ''Solanaceae'', umuryango urimo n'[[Ikirayi|ibirayi]] n'[[inyanya]]. Gikomoka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Burezile]]. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nini zimeze nk'impanda zitendera, z'umweru, iz'umuhondo cyangwa iz'iroza, zihumura cyane nijoro. Giterwa henshi ku isi nk'ikimera cy'imitako, harimo no mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere ku izina rya ''Datura suaveolens'', nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa Alexander von Humboldt na Aimé Bonpland muri Amerika y'Amajyepfo; mu 1818 Robert Sweet abushyira mu bwoko ''Brugmansia''.<ref name="powo" /> Izina ''suaveolens'' risobanura mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]] « gihumura neza ».<ref name="rhs" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Angel Trumpets shrub -- Brugmansia suaveolens.jpg|thumb|left|Igihuru cya ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' kirabije.]] ''Brugmansia suaveolens'' ni igihuru kitari igiti gikomeye, kireshya na metero 3 kugeza kuri 5, akenshi gifite igihimba kigabanyijemo amashami menshi. Amababi yacyo ni maremare ameze nk'igi, ashobora kugera kuri santimetero 25 z'uburebure na 15 z'ubugari.<ref name="preissel" /> Indabo zacyo zireshya na santimetero 24 kugeza kuri 32, zimeze nk'impanda ifite imitwe itanu migufi ihetamiye hanze. Ku manywa zitendera zifunze igice, nijoro zigafunguka neza kandi zigahumura kugira ngo zikurure ibinyugunyugu bya nijoro bizitera intanga.<ref name="preissel" /> Igiti gito gikura gifite uruti rumwe, kikazarabya ari uko kimaze kugira ishami rya mbere ku burebure bwa santimetero 80 kugeza kuri 150.<ref name="preissel" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu mashyamba y'imvura yo ku nkombe z'inyanja mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Burezile, kuva muri leta ya Bahia kugeza muri Rio Grande do Sul.<ref name="powo" /> Abantu bakijyanye mu bihugu byinshi bishyuha, birimo u [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Madagasikari]].<ref name="powo" /> == Uburozi n'imikoreshereze == Ibice byose by'iki kimera, cyane cyane imbuto n'amababi, birimo ''alkaloïdes'' zo mu bwoko bwa ''tropane'' nka scopolamine (hyoscine), zitera ibibonekerwa, umutima utera cyane n'ubundi burozi bushobora kwica.<ref name="evans" /><ref name="ines" /> Mu Rwanda, mu [[Ubuvuzi gakondo|buvuzi gakondo]] bwakoreshwaga mu kuvura [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|indwara zo mu mutwe]], kandi giterwa nk'ikimera cy'imitako.<ref name="ines" /> Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba bwerekanye ko ibivuye mu ndabo zacyo bigabanya ububabare.<ref name="parker" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77109576-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="rhs">{{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lorraine |title=RHS Latin for Gardeners |url=https://archive.org/details/rhslatinforgarde0000harr |year=2012 |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-1845337315 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="preissel">{{Cite book |author1=Preissel, U. |author2=Preissel, H.-G. |title=Brugmansia and Datura: Angel's Trumpets and Thorn Apples |url=https://archive.org/details/brugmansiadatura0000prei |publisher=Firefly Books |year=2002 |location=Buffalo, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/brugmansiadatura0000prei/page/106 106]–129 |isbn=978-1-55209-598-0 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="evans">{{Cite journal |author1=Evans, W. C. |author2=Lampard, J. F. |year=1972 |title=Alkaloids of Datura suaveolens |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=3293–3298 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86392-X |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ines">{{Cite web |title=Brugmansia suaveolens |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |website=Medicinal Plants of Rwanda |publisher=INES-Ruhengeri |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916235936/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=241 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="parker">{{Cite journal |author1=Parker, A. G. |author2=Peraza, G. G. |author3=Sena, J. |display-authors=etal |title=Antinociceptive Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Brugmansia suaveolens Flowers in Mice |journal=Biological Research for Nursing |year=2007 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=234–239 |doi=10.1177/1099800406293984 |pmid=17172322 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nerium oleander]], [[Allamanda cathartica]] na [[Plumeria rubra]], ibindi bimera by'imitako bifite uburozi * [[Tecoma stans]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brugmansia_suaveolens Amafoto ya ''Brugmansia suaveolens''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] 58evk16v0vu13pz2eq30kprbh3hacgr 0 23531 149490 142235 2026-11-08T02:27:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | genus = Gloriosa | species = superba | authority = L. (1753) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | image = Gloriosa superba 1.jpg | image_caption = Ururabo rwa ''Gloriosa superba'' }} '''''Gloriosa superba''''' (mu Gifaransa ''lis de Malabar'' cyangwa ''lis de flamme'', mu Cyongereza ''flame lily'' cyangwa ''glory lily'') ni ubwoko bw'ikimera kizamuka cyo mu muryango wa ''Colchicaceae''. Gikomoka muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, harimo n'u [[Rwanda]], no mu majyepfo ya [[Aziya]]. Kizwi kubera indabo zacyo nziza z'umutuku n'umuhondo zimeze nk'ibirimi by'umuriro. Ni ururabo rw'igihugu cya [[Zimbabwe]]. Ibice byacyo byose ni uburozi bukomeye, cyane cyane igitunguru cyacyo. == Izina == Ubu bwoko bwasobanuwe bwa mbere na Carl Linnaeus mu gitabo ''Species Plantarum'' (1753).<ref name="powo" /> == Imiterere == [[File:Flame Lily (Gloriosa superba) 1.jpg|thumb|left|Indabo za ''Gloriosa superba'' zigenda zihindura ibara.]] ''Gloriosa superba'' ni ikimera kimara imyaka myinshi, gikura kivuye mu gitunguru kinini kimeze nk'inyuguti V. Uruti rwacyo rushobora kugera kuri metero 5, kikurira ku bindi bimera gikoresheje imitwe y'amababi yacyo yizingira nk'imigozi.<ref name="ipcs" /> Indabo zacyo nini zifite ibibabi bitandatu bihetamiye inyuma, bifite impera zihindagurika. Ibara ryazo riva ku mutuku ukeye ufite inkombe z'umuhondo kugeza ku muhondo werurutse, ndetse hari n'izera.<ref name="ipcs" /> == Aho kiboneka == Gikomoka mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, birimo u Rwanda, [[Uburundi]], [[Ubugande]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]] na Zimbabwe, ndetse no mu [[Ubuhinde]], Sri Lanka no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.<ref name="powo" /> Cyajyanywe no muri [[Ositaraliya]] no ku birwa byo mu nyanja ya Pasifika.<ref name="powo" /> Gikura mu mashyamba, mu bihuru, mu turere tw'urutare no ku bitaka by'imiswa, ku butumburuke bwa metero 300 kugeza ku 1&nbsp;800.<ref name="zim" /> == Uburozi == Ibice byose by'iki kimera ni uburozi, cyane cyane igitunguru, kubera ''colchicine'' n'ibindi binyabutabire bikirimo. Kukirya bitera kuruka cyane, kuribwa mu nda no gucibwamo amaraso, kandi bishobora kwica.<ref name="ipcs" /> Igitunguru cyacyo gishobora kwitiranywa n'ibijumba cyangwa ibindi bitunguru biribwa.<ref name="ipcs" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Gloriosa superba L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:535953-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127010246/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:535953-1 |archive-date=2020-11-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="ipcs">{{Cite web |title=Gloriosa superba L. (PIM 245) |url=https://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/pim245.htm |website=INCHEM |publisher=International Programme on Chemical Safety |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="zim">{{Cite web |title=Gloriosa superba |url=https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=113060 |website=Flora of Zimbabwe |access-date=2026-10-15 |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Brugmansia suaveolens]] na [[Nerium oleander]], ibindi bimera by'indabo bifite uburozi * [[Canna indica]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gloriosa_superba Amafoto ya ''Gloriosa superba''] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] of2ehxpt4wagz8fy13ymtbzxd3631uz 0 23563 149284 145371 2026-11-07T20:04:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.jpg|thumb|Indwara_y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri]] '''Indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri''' ni indwara iterwa n’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri budashobora gukora neza ku gice cy’umubiri.<ref name="NIH2012">{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/autoimmune-diseases.html|title=Autoimmune diseases fact sheet|date=16 July 2012|website=Office on Women's Health|publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005144045/https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/autoimmune-diseases.html|archive-date=5 October 2016|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref> Hari nibura ubwoko 80 bw'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Hafi igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umubiri gishobora kugira uruhare.<ref name="Bor2010">{{Cite book|last=Borgelt|first=Laura Marie|title=Women's Health Across the Lifespan: A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach|date=2010|publisher=ASHP|isbn=978-1-58528-194-7|page=579|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riP3pxq2jWAC&pg=PA579|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184552/https://books.google.com/books?id=riP3pxq2jWAC&pg=PA579|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo umuriro muke no kumva unaniwe.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Akenshi ibimenyetso biraza hanyuma bikagenda.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Impamvu muri rusange ntabwo izwi.<ref name="Bor2010" /> Zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri nka lupus zigaragara mu miryango, kandi zimwe na zimwe zishobora guterwa n’indwara cyangwa izindi mpamvu zishingiye ku bidukikije.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze gufatwa nk'izishingiye ku bushobozi bw'umubiri zirimo indwara ya celiac, [[Ubwoko 1 bwa diyabete|diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1]], indwara ya Graves, indwara yo kubyimba amara, sclerosis nyinshi, [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]], [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]], na lupus erythematosus.<ref name="NIH2012" /><ref name="Hoh2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K, Meinl E, Wekerle H|s2cid=20082472|title=The search for the target antigens of multiple sclerosis, part 1: autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes as pathogenic effectors and therapeutic targets|journal=The Lancet. Neurology|volume=15|issue=2|pages=198–209|date=February 2016|pmid=26724103|doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00334-8}}</ref> Indwara ishobora kugorana kumenya.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'indwara.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe idakoresha steroide (NSAIDs) hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri ikunze gukoreshwa.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Immunoglobulin iterwa mu mitsi ishobora no gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe.<ref name="Kat2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Katz U, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G|title=Update on intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) mechanisms of action and off- label use in autoimmune diseases|journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design|volume=17|issue=29|pages=3166–75|date=2011|pmid=21864262|doi=10.2174/138161211798157540}}</ref> Nubwo ubusanzwe kuvurwa bigabanya ibimenyetso, ntabwo bivura indwara.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 24 (7%) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bibasiwe n'indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri.<ref name="NIH2012" /><ref name="Bor2010" /> Abagore ni bo bibasirwa cyane kurusha abagabo.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Akenshi bitangira mu gihe cy'ubukure.<ref name="NIH2012" /> Indwara za mbere ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri zavuzwe mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1900.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Ananthanarayan R, Paniker CK|title=Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology|page=169|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2005|isbn=9788125028086|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXMazr0LRDsC&pg=PA169|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184552/https://books.google.com/books?id=MXMazr0LRDsC&pg=PA169|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] nu4rscqm9agi2p05h7hc0oitvmxfn22 0 23564 149387 145327 2026-11-07T21:12:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:13-cis-Retinoic acid 3D ball.png|thumb|Isotretinoin]] '''Isotretinoin''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Accutane''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri bikomeye]].<ref name="AHFS2020">{{Cite web|title=Isotretinoin Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/isotretinoin.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=5 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813113107/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/isotretinoin.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By’umwihariko ikoreshwa ku biheri bifite uduce duto kandi bitarakira hamwe n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Izindi ngaruka zirimo [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]], ichthyosis, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa igashyirwa ku ruhu.<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join/page/1308 1308]}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubyimba iminwa, triglycerides nyinshi mu maraso, kubabara ingingo, no kubabara imitsi.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo ibibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'izuba, gutakaza umusatsi, n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.<ref name="BNF79" /> Isotretinoin izwiho gutera ibibazo mu gihe cyo kubyara kandi uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro bukora neza busabwa guhera mu kwezi mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ni retinoid, bivuze ko ifitanye isano na [[Vitamini A|vitamine A]] na tretinoin.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Bikekwa ko bikora binyuze mu guhindura imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'imisemburo ya sebaceous.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> Yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi mu 1969, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1982.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-60749-5|page=476|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA476|language=en|access-date=2020-09-19|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828131433/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA476|url-status=live}}</ref> Nubwo ikiri kuboneka hakurikijwe amazina menshi asanzwe, izina ry'umwimerere ryahagaritswe mu 2009 bitewe n'uruvange rw'ibicuruzwa bike byagurishijwe ndetse n'imanza nyinshi ku ngaruka mbi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=DeNoon|first=Daniel J.|title=Acne Drug Accutane No Longer Sold|url=https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/news/20090708/accutane-off-the-market|website=WebMD|access-date=5 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929091737/https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/news/20090708/accutane-off-the-market|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza hari gahunda zihariye zo kugabanya ibyago byo gutwita kw'abagore mu gihe bakoresha uyu muti.<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> Mu Bwongereza, miligarama 20 ku munsi mu kwezi zitwara NHS ibiro bigera kuri 17.<ref name="BNF79" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 30kamfsgnl8r4soik8dmj64bi0m1p96 0 23567 149291 145221 2026-11-07T20:04:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149291 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:XXX syndrome (female).svg|thumb|Indwara ya XYY]] '''Indwara ya XYY''' ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri aho umugabo aba afite chromosome Y y’inyongera.<ref name="GHR2009">{{Cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/47xyy-syndrome|title=47,XYY syndrome|website=Genetics Home Reference|language=en|access-date=2017-03-19|date=January 2009|archive-date=2017-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320053724/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/47xyy-syndrome|url-status=live}}</ref> Akenshi ibimenyetso ntibiba byinshi.<ref name="NORD2012">{{Cite web|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/xyy-syndrome/|title=XYY Syndrome|date=2012|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223082019/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/xyy-syndrome/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kuba muremure ugereranije n'ibisanzwe, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]], ndetse n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira [[Handicap mental|ibibazo byo kwiga]].<ref name="GHR2009" /><ref name="NORD2012" /> Ubusanzwe umuntu aba ameze neza, harimo n'uburumbuke busanzwe.<ref name="GHR2009" /> Iyi ndwara muri rusange ntabwo ivuka ku babyeyi b'umuntu ahubwo iterwa n'ibintu bitunguranye mu gihe intanga ngabo zikura.<ref name="GHR2009" /> Gupima indwara bikorwa hakoreshejwe isesengura rya chromosome, ariko abenshi mu bayirwaye ntibayisuzuma mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwabo.<ref name="NORD2012" /> Hariho chromosomes 47, aho kuba 46 zisanzwe, zitanga karyotype ya 47,XYY.<ref name="GHR2009" /> Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa ubufasha bw'inyongera mu kazi ko ku ishuri, ariko muri rusange umusaruro uba mwiza.<ref name="NORD2012" /> Iyi ndwara ibaho ku bana b'abahungu bagera kuri 1 mu 1000.<ref name="GHR2009" /> Abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara ntibazi ko bayifite.<ref name="GARD2017">{{Cite web|title=47, XYY syndrome|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5674/47-xyy-syndrome|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)|access-date=11 November 2017|language=en|date=2017|archive-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111205247/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5674/47-xyy-syndrome|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iyo ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bostwick|first=David G.|last2=Cheng|first2=Liang|title=Urologic Surgical Pathology E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323086196|page=682|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wrHQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA682|language=en|access-date=2017-11-11|archive-date=2017-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111204832/https://books.google.ca/books?id=wrHQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA682|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] o0ltnkkigwmsn158757f7m35ay6qz2y 0 23568 149315 144799 2026-11-07T20:18:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug}} [[Dosiye:Ketoconazole 200mg (Mekophar).png|thumb|Ketoconazole]] '''Ketoconazole''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Nizoral''' n'indi, ni umuti uvura indwara ziterwa n'imiti irwanya udukoko ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye z'imiti.<ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Ketoconazole Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ketoconazole.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=23 March 2019|archive-date=28 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228050612/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ketoconazole.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyo ikoreshejwe ku ruhu, ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa n'ibihumyo nka tinea, candidiasis y'uruhu, pityriasis versicolor, dandruff, na seborrheic dermatitis.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=1198|edition=76}}</ref> Iyo uyinyoye ntabwo ari amahitamo meza cyane kandi ni byiza kuyikoresha gusa ku ndwara zikomeye mu gihe izindi miti zidashobora gukoreshwa.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Izindi ngamba zirimo kuvura imikurire y'umusatsi ikabije ndetse [[Indwara ya Cushing|n'indwara ya Cushing's syndrome]].<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo zikoreshejwe ku ruhu zirimo gutukura, kuribwa no kuruma.<ref name="Wolverton2019">{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Aditya K.|last2=Mays|first2=Rachel R.|last3=Folley|first3=Kelly A.|editor-last=Wolverton|editor-first=Stephen E.|editor-last2=Wu|editor-first2=Jashin J.|title=Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-61211-1|page=484|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPrDDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA484&dq=naftifine&hl=en|language=en|chapter=42. Topical antifungal agents|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009012054/https://books.google.com/books?id=jPrDDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA484&dq=naftifine&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo umuntu anyoye zirimo isesemi, kuribwa umutwe, n'ibibazo by'umwijima.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ibibazo by'umwijima bishobora gutera urupfu cyangwa gukenera guterwa umwijima.<ref name="AHFS2019" /><ref name="FDA2013" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zikomeye iyo umuntu anyoye zirimo gukomeretsa QT, kudakora neza kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, no kunanirwa k'umubiri.<ref name="AHFS2019" /><ref name="FDA2013">{{Cite news|title=FDA limits usage of Nizoral (ketoconazole) oral tablets due to potentially fatal liver injury and risk of drug interactions and adrenal gland problems|work=FDA Drug Safety Communication|url=https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm362415.htm|publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]]|date=July 26, 2013|access-date=November 23, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231140/https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm362415.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> Ni imidazole kandi ikora mu kugira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya ergosterol ikenewe ku ruhu rw'uturemangingo tw'ibihumyo bityo igatuma gukura kugabanuka.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ketoconazole yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1977, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1981.<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=503|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA503|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=2 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802195916/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA503|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi imiti ikoreshwa ku ruhu igurishwa ku giciro cya muganga mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]].<ref name="BNF76" /> Umuyoboro wa garama 30 mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] utwara NHS munsi y'amapawundi 5 mu 2019.<ref name="BNF76" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], aho amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa "topical cream" aboneka gusa ku muganga, ikiguzi cy'aya mafaranga ni hafi {{US$|6.30}}.<ref name="NADAC2019">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 219 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni ebyiri.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Ketoconazole - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ketoconazole|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708064013/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ketoconazole|url-status=live}}</ref> Iyi ngingo ifatwa mu kanwa yakuweho mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no muri Ositaraliya mu 2013 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oral ketoconazole (Nizoral) 200 mg tablets|url=https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/oral-ketoconazole-nizoral-200-mg-tablets|website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)|access-date=23 March 2019|date=10 October 2013|archive-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702154853/http://www.tga.gov.au/alert/oral-ketoconazole-nizoral-200-mg-tablets|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GuptaLyons2015" /> no mu Bushinwa mu 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0087/122883.html|title=国家食品药品监督管理总局关于停止生产销售使用酮康唑口服制剂的公告（2015年第85号）|publisher=[[National Medical Products Administration|China Food and Drug Administration]]|date=2015-06-25|access-date=2015-07-02|language=zh|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702151102/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0087/122883.html|archive-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryayo ryaragabanijwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada mu 2013.<ref name="GuptaLyons2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gupta AK, Lyons DC|title=The Rise and Fall of Oral Ketoconazole|journal=Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery|volume=19|issue=4|pages=352–7|year=2015|pmid=25775613|doi=10.1177/1203475415574970}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] mjcmvb04ehy9lj0ij9unc4x9n0p3eby 0 23569 149286 144971 2026-11-07T20:04:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MRI of the lumbar spine with abscess in the posterior epidural space, causing cauda equina syndrome.jpg|thumb|indwara ya Cauda_equina]] '''Indwara ya Cauda equina syndrome''' ( '''CES''' ) ni indwara ibaho iyo umutsi uri munsi y'umugongo uzwi nka cauda equina wangiritse.<ref name="NIH2015">{{Cite web|title=Cauda equina syndrome|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10987/cauda-equina-syndrome|website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)|access-date=9 November 2017|language=en|date=2015|archive-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191531/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10987/cauda-equina-syndrome|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo [[kubabara umugongo wo hasi]], [[Sciatica|ububabare bugera mu kaguru]], gucika intege hirya no hino mu kibuno, no kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura amara cyangwa uruhago.<ref name="Gar2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gardner A, Gardner E, Morley T|title=Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position|journal=European Spine Journal|volume=20|issue=5|pages=690–7|date=May 2011|pmid=21193933|pmc=3082683|doi=10.1007/s00586-010-1668-3}}</ref> Gutangira bishobora kuba vuba cyangwa buhoro buhoro.<ref name="Gar2011" /> Impamvu akenshi ni ukuvamo kwa disiki mu gice cyo hasi cy'umugongo.<ref name="Gar2011" /> Izindi mpamvu zirimo stenosis y'umugongo, [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], ihungabana, ikibyimba cyo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umugongo, na hematoma yo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umugongo.<ref name="Gar2011" /><ref name="NIH2015" /> Isuzuma rikekwaho hashingiwe ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa n'amashusho ya muganga nka MRI cyangwa CT scan.<ref name="Gar2011" /><ref name="AO2014">{{Cite web|title=Cauda Equina Syndrome-OrthoInfo - AAOS|url=http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00362|website=orthoinfo.aaos.org|access-date=9 November 2017|date=March 2014|archive-date=3 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103212556/http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00362|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri rusange, CES ivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa laminectomy.<ref name="Gar2011" /> Ibibazo bidashira by'inkari, imikorere mibi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ibinya bishobora kubaho nubwo haba habayeho kubagwa.<ref name="Gar2011" /><ref name="AO2014" /> Umusaruro mubi uboneka ku bantu bagera kuri 20% nubwo bavuwe.<ref name="Gar2011" /> Umuntu umwe kuri 70.000 yibasirwa n’iki kibazo buri mwaka.<ref name="Gar2011" /> Byasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1934.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chau AM, Xu LL, Pelzer NR, Gragnaniello C|title=Timing of surgical intervention in cauda equina syndrome: a systematic critical review|journal=World Neurosurgery|volume=81|issue=3-4|pages=640–50|date=2014|pmid=24240024|doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2013.11.007}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] q0br7a1j1cmsubkllnv6x5s6xc1v6jx 0 23572 149436 144955 2026-11-07T21:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Remisión tumoral.jpg|thumb|Limfoma itari iya Hodgkin]] '''Limfoma itari iya Hodgkin''' ( '''NHL''' ) ni itsinda rya kanseri y'amaraso irimo ubwoko bwose bwa limfoma usibye limfoma ya Hodgkin.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt>{{cite web|title=Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version|url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=NCI|access-date=13 August 2016|date=3 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816021510/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=16 August 2016|df=dmy}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816021510/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq#section/all |date=16 August 2016 }}</ref> Ibimenyetso birimo kwiyongera kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, umuriro, ibyuya nijoro, kugabanya ibiro no kunanirwa.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kubabara mu magufwa, kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gushyuha.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Hari ubwoko bukura buhoro buhoro, mu gihe ubundi bukura vuba. Lymphoma ni ubwoko bwa [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] buturuka kuri lymphocytes, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera . Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo imikorere mibi y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, [[Helicobacter pylori|ubwandu bwa ''Helicobacter pylori'']], [[Hepatite C|hepatitis C]], umubyibuho ukabije, n'ubwandu bwa virusi ya Epstein-Barr.<ref name="WCR2014Cp2">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 2.4, 2.6}}</ref> [[WHO|Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] ushyira limfoma mu matsinda atanu akomeye, harimo n’irya Hodgkin lymphoma. Mu matsinda ane ya NHL harimo ubwoko burenga 60 bwihariye bwa lymphoma.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bope|first=Edward T.|last2=Kellerman|first2=Rick D.|title=Conn's Current Therapy 2016|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323355353|page=878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_x_mCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT914|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910182735/https://books.google.com/books?id=_x_mCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT914|archive-date=10 September 2017|df=dmy}}</ref> Gusuzuma indwara ni ugusuzuma umwongo w'amagufwa cyangwa lymph node biopsy.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi bifasha mu kugabanya kanseri.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa no kumenya niba lymphoma ikura buhoro cyangwa vuba, kandi niba iri mu gace kamwe cyangwa mu duce twinshi. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo imiti ivura indwara ya kanseri (chimiotherapie), imirasire (radiation), ubuvuzi bw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri (immunotherapy), ubuvuzi bugamije, gutera uturemangingo tw’umubiri (stem-cell transplantation), kubagwa, cyangwa gutegereza urebye.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Iyo amaraso abaye menshi cyane bitewe n'umubare munini w'abasilikare, plasmapheresis ishobora gukoreshwa.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Ariko, imirasire na chimiotherapie bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara izindi kanseri, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi mu myaka yakurikiyeho.<ref name=NCI2016AdPt /> Mu 2015, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 4.3 barwaye kanseri iterwa na lymphoma itari iya Hodgkin, naho 231.400 barapfa.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, 2.1% by'abantu bagira ingaruka mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo.<ref name=SEER2016>{{cite web|title=SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma|url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html|website=NCI|access-date=13 August 2016|date=April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706125600/http://www.seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html|archive-date=6 July 2014|df=dmy}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706125600/http://www.seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html |date=6 July 2014 }}</ref> Imyaka ikunze kugaragara yo gusuzuma indwara ni hagati y'imyaka 65 na 75.<ref name=SEER2016 /> Igipimo cy'imyaka itanu yo kubaho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni 71%. == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 3511xu7ldgudepjh6x4ujesfcn388ss 0 23575 149403 144765 2026-11-07T21:19:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug}} [[Dosiye:Adenosine 6.jpg|thumb|Adenosine]] '''Adenosine''' ni ikinyabutabire kiboneka mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa “belles”, kikaba gikoreshwa no mu kuvura.<ref name="Taylor2000">{{Cite book|title=Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA18|date=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-3-88763-075-1|pages=18–|access-date=2016-01-05|archive-date=2016-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504043944/https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref> Nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gusuzuma ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa tachycardia yo mu mutwe idakira iyo umuntu arwaye indwara yo mu nda . Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu gutera imitsi vuba vuba.<ref name=AHFS2020>{{cite web|title=Adenosine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/adenosine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Sep 27, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223143734/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/adenosine.html|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223143734/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/adenosine.html |date=December 23, 2014 }}</ref> Igikorwa gitangira mu masegonda 40 kandi ingaruka zimara igihe kiri munsi y'iminota 2. Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu gituza, kumva nta cyo ushoboye, guhumeka nabi, no gucika intege k'uruhu . Ingaruka mbi zirimo kugabanuka [[Arrhythmia|k'umuvuduko w'amaraso]] no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso.<ref name=AHFS2020 /> Nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, umutekano wayo nturasobanuka neza. Adenosine ni imwe mu ngingo enye z’ingenzi za RNA . Ikora mu kugabanya inshuro ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bishobora kunyura mu gice cy'umutima cya AV.<ref name=AHFS2020 /> Adenosine yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1989. Ariko, byagiye byigwa mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima kuva mu myaka ya 1920. Adenosine iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join/page/110 110]}}</ref> Ntabwo bihenze.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=34-35|language=en|access-date=2021-11-09|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza mu 2020, dose ya 6 mg yatwaye NHS hafi ikiro kimwe.<ref name="BNF79" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 8eayjdfgjwxnd411d80z0ktz2gyzk84 0 23579 149391 145354 2026-11-07T21:13:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oral Polio Vaccine.jpg|thumb|Urukingo rwa Polio]] '''Inkingo za polio''' ni inkingo zikoreshwa mu gukumira [[Polio|poliomyelitis]] (polio). Hari ubwoko bubiri bukoreshwa: virusi ya polio idakora itangwa hakoreshejwe inshinge (IPV) na virusi ya polio idakora itangwa hakoreshejwe umunwa (OPV).<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 91 | issue = 12 | pages = 145–68 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 27039410 | url = https://www.who.int/wer/2016/wer9112/en/ | hdl = 10665/254399 | access-date = 19 October 2019 | archive-date = 10 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160410123722/http://www.who.int/wer/2016/wer9112/en/ | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410123722/http://www.who.int/wer/2016/wer9112/en/ |date=10 April 2016 }} * {{lay source|template = cite journal|url = https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/WHO_PP_polio_summary_mar2016.pdf?ua=1|title = |date = |website = }}</ref> [[WHO|Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima]] (OMS) usaba abana bose gukingirwa indwara ya polio burundu.<ref name=WHO2016 /> Urukingo rubiri rwakuyeho indwara ya polio mu bice byinshi by'isi,<ref name="Aylward_2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Aylward RB|s2cid=25327986|title=Eradicating polio: today's challenges and tomorrow's legacy|journal=Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology|volume=100|issue=5–6|pages=401–13|year=2006|pmid=16899145|doi=10.1179/136485906X97354}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Schonberger LB, Kaplan J, Kim-Farley R, Moore M, Eddins DL, Hatch M|title=Control of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States|journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases|volume=6 Suppl 2|pages=S424–26|year=1984|pmid=6740085|doi=10.1093/clinids/6.Supplement_2.S424}}</ref> kandi rugabanya umubare w'abarwayi bavugwa buri mwaka uva ku bantu bagera ku 350.000 mu 1988 ugera kuri 33 mu 2018. Urukingo rwa polio rudakora rufite umutekano cyane.<ref name=WHO2016 /> Gutukura gake cyangwa ububabare bishobora kugaragara aho umuntu atewe inshinge.<ref name=WHO2016 /> Urukingo rwa polio ruterwa n'umunwa rutera abantu bagera kuri batatu barwaye poliomyelitis iterwa n'urukingo kuri buri doze miliyoni yatanzwe.<ref name=WHO2016 /> Ibi bigereranywa n'abantu 5.000 kuri miliyoni barwaye indwara ya poliyo. Muri rusange byombi ni byiza gutanga iyo ndwara mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]] ndetse no ku bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ariko ubundi bakaba bameze neza. Icyegeranyo cya mbere cy’urukingo rwa polio cyagenze neza cyakozwe na Hilary Koprowski mu 1950, hamwe na virusi nzima yagabanutse abantu banywa. Urukingo ntirwemerewe gukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ariko rwakoreshejwe neza ahandi.<ref name="Kowproski_obit">{{cite web | first = Margalit | last = Fox | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | title = Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96 | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 20 April 2013 | access-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825133630/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825133630/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html |date=25 August 2017 }}</ref> Urukingo rwa polio rudakora, rwakozwe nyuma y'imyaka mike na Jonas Salk, rwatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1955.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Bazin H|title=Vaccination: A History|date=2011|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2742007752|page=395|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183608/https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Urukingo rwa polio rutandukanye, rukoreshwa mu kanwa, rwakozwe na Albert Sabin, rutangira gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi mu 1961.<ref name=WHO2016 /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Smith DR, Leggat PA|title=Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin – inventor of the oral polio vaccine|journal=The Kurume Medical Journal|volume=52|issue=3|pages=111–16|date=2005|pmid=16422178|doi=10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri dose ku rukingo runyobwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi 0.25$ y'Amerika guhera mu 2014. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iyo fomu idakora igura hagati y’amadolari 25 na 50.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|vauthors=Hamilton R|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia|url=https://archive.org/details/tarasconpocketph0000rich_k8v5|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1-284-05756-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/tarasconpocketph0000rich_k8v5/page/316 316]}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] dgih9a9zpn6yqw965254zb19osou8vd 0 23584 149322 145232 2026-11-07T20:21:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lisinopril 3D spacefill.png|thumb|Lisinopril]] '''Lisinopril''' ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ukoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, [[kunanirwa k'umutima]], ndetse no nyuma [[Indwara y'umutima|y'indwara z'umutima]].<ref name="AHFS2018">{{Cite web|title=Lisinopril Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lisinopril.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112194428/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lisinopril.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ubusanzwe ni uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura, nubwo ku bantu b'abirabura imiti igabanya umuvuduko wa kalisiyumu cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa thiazide ikora neza.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ikoreshwa kandi mu gukumira ibibazo by'impyiko ku bantu barwaye diyabete.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Lisinopril ifatwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ingaruka zuzuye zishobora gufata ibyumweru bine kugira ngo ziboneke.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuribwa umutwe, isereri, kumva unaniwe, inkorora, isesemi, no kurwara ibisebe.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, ibibazo by'umwijima, potasiyumu nyinshi mu maraso, na angioedema.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe cyose cyo gutwita kuko ishobora kwangiza umwana.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Lisinopril ikora mu kubuza sisitemu ya renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.<ref name="Katzung2021">{{Cite book|last=Benowitz|first=Neal L.|editor-last=Katzung|editor-first=Bertram G.|editor-last2=Trevor|editor-first2=Anthony J.|title=Basic and Clinical Pharmacology|edition=15th|date=2020|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-45231-0|pages=183-185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Antihypertensive agents|access-date=5 December 2021|archive-date=10 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010205018/https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Lisinopril yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1978, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1987.<ref name="AHFS2018" /><ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3527607495|page=467|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA467|access-date=1 March 2019|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220130459/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA467|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2018" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ikiguzi cyo kugurisha ku kwezi cyari munsi y'amadolari y'Amerika 0.70 mu 2018.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2018-12-19|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-12-19/g7bs-ahj4|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=22 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219230344/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2018-12-19/g7bs-ahj4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza byatwaye NHS amafaranga agera kuri ₤10 ku kwezi mu 2018.<ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=170|edition=76}}</ref> Mu 2017, ni wo muti wakunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni 104.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Lisinopril – Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lisinopril|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228053540/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lisinopril|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2016, umuti wa lisinopril wo mu kanwa wemejwe gukoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref name="AHFS2018" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Drug Approval Package: Qbrelis (lisinopril)|website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=29 July 2016|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208401Orig1s000_toc.cfm|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=9 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409104601/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/208401Orig1s000_toc.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 6vf0x1fppzidx7ln7cxa7kdwygr8b10 0 23585 149366 145028 2026-11-07T21:04:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|drug_name=Sodium nitrite|INN=|alt=|type=<!-- empty --> <!-- Names -->|pronounce=|tradename=|synonyms=|IUPAC_name=<!-- Clinical data -->|class=|uses=<!-- primary uses -->|side_effects=<!-- common side effects and notable side effects -->|interactions=<!-- notable interactions -->|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A/B1/B2/B3/C/D/X -->|pregnancy_AU_comment=|pregnancy_US=C|pregnancy_category=|breastfeeding=|routes_of_administration=|onset=|duration_of_action=|defined_daily_dose=not established<ref name="who">{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=V03AB08 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122000239/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=V03AB08 |url-status=live }}</ref>|typical_dose=<!-- External links -->|Drugs.com={{Drugs.com|pro|sodium-nitrite-injection}}|MedlinePlus=<!-- Legal data -->|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->|legal_AU_comment=|legal_CA=<!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III -->|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->|legal_US=<!-- OTC/Rx-only/Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->|legal_status=<!-- Free text --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|metabolites=|elimination_half-life=|excretion=<!-- Chemical and physical data -->|SMILES=N(=O)[O-].[Na+]|StdInChI=1S/HNO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1|StdInChIKey=LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M}}'''Sodium nitrite''' ikoreshwa nk'umuti hamwe na sodium thiosulfate mu kuvura uburozi bwa cyanide.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free|page=[https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse/page/65 65]}}</ref> Bigirwa inama gusa mu gihe habayeho uburozi bukomeye bwa cyanide.<ref name="UK2017">{{Cite web|title=Sodium Nitrite Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/32282|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=15 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918184748/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/32282|archive-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bafite uburozi bwa cyanide na carbon monoxide, uburozi bwa sodium thiosulfate ubwabwo bukunze kuba bwiza.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baren|first=Jill M.|title=Pediatric Emergency Medicine|date=2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1416000877|page=1018|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=wpvux6RS-jsC&pg=PA1018|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116172656/https://books.google.ca/books?id=wpvux6RS-jsC&pg=PA1018|archive-date=2017-01-16|df=}}</ref> Itangwa mu guterwa buhoro buhoro mu mitsi.<ref name="WHO2008" /> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, kuribwa umutwe, guhumeka nabi, guta ubwenge no kuruka.<ref name="WHO2008" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'umutima bagomba kwitabwaho cyane.<ref name="WHO2008" /> Igipimo cya methemoglobini mu bantu kigomba gusuzumwa buri gihe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.<ref name="WHO2008" /> Nubwo bitarasuzumwa neza mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bigaragaza ingaruka zishobora kugaragara ku mwana.<ref name="Pro2017" /> Bivugwa ko sodium nitrite ikora mu gukora methemoglobini hanyuma igafata cyanide bityo ikayikura muri mitochondria.<ref name="Pro2017">{{Cite web|title=Sodium Nitrite Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/sodium-nitrite-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118044431/https://www.drugs.com/pro/sodium-nitrite-injection.html|archive-date=2017-01-18}}</ref> Sodium nitrite yatangiye gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dart|first=Richard C.|title=Medical Toxicology|date=2004|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781728454|page=172|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=BfdighlyGiwC&pg=PA172|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116172601/https://books.google.ca/books?id=BfdighlyGiwC&pg=PA172|archive-date=2017-01-16|df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bryan|first=Nathan S.|last2=Loscalzo|first2=Joseph|title=Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease|date=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781607616160|page=226|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=CDkkwVV4aMQC&pg=PA226|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116173748/https://books.google.ca/books?id=CDkkwVV4aMQC&pg=PA226|archive-date=2017-01-16|df=}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hamwe na sodium thiosulfate ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 110.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gasco|first=L|last2=Rosbolt|first2=MB|last3=Bebarta|first3=VS|title=Insufficient stocking of cyanide antidotes in US hospitals that provide emergency care|journal=Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics|date=April 2013|volume=4|issue=2|pages=95–102|pmid=23761707|doi=10.4103/0976-500x.110875|pmc=3669589}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] q5au0n3jmao5464wvmmzhzp8e8mr7t6 0 23587 149330 145184 2026-11-07T20:32:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RECALLED – Methotrexate Sodium, USP, 25 mg-mL, 40 mL vial injectable vials (8770223502).jpg|thumb|Methotrexate]] '''Methotrexate''' ( '''MTX''' ), yahoze izwi nka '''amethopterin''', ni umuti uvura kanseri y'imiti kandi ugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Methotrexate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methotrexate.html|website=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=22 Aug 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008130258/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methotrexate.html|archive-date=2016-10-08}} </ref> Ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, [[Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi|gutwita hanze y'urugo]], no mu gukuramo inda kwa muganga.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ubwoko bwa kanseri ikoreshwa harimo [[Kanseri y’ibere|kanseri y'ibere]], kanseri y'amaraso, [[Kanseri yo mu bihaha|kanseri y'ibihaha]], kanseri ya kanseri y'imitsi, indwara yo mu gihe cyo gutwita, na kanseri y'ibihaha.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ubwoko bw'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri ikoreshwamo harimo [[umukoresha:Doc James/Psoriasis|psoriasis]], [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]], na Crohn's disease.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa inshinge.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo isesemi, kumva umunaniro, umuriro, ibyago byinshi byo kwandura, umubare muke w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera, no kwangirika k'uruhu mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo indwara y'umwijima, indwara y'ibihaha, lymphoma, n'uduheri twinshi tw'uruhu.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Abantu bavurwa igihe kirekire bagomba gupimwa buri gihe ingaruka mbi.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ntabwo ari byiza mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ku bafite ibibazo by'impyiko, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko bagabanya dose.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ikora mu kubuza umubiri gukoresha aside folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Methotrexate yakozwe mu 1947, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu kuvura kanseri, kuko yari ifite uburozi buke ugereranyije n’ubuvuzi bwakoreshwaga icyo gihe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug Discovery: A History|date=2005|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470015520|page=251|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA251|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216080949/https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA251|archive-date=2017-02-16}}</ref> Mu 1956 yatanze uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura kanseri yateye.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Today's anti-cancer tools are ever better wielded|url=https://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21728780-they-are-sharper-too-todays-anti-cancer-tools-are-ever-better-wielded|access-date=16 September 2017|work=[[The Economist]]|date=14 September 2017|archive-date=15 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515011418/https://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21728780-they-are-sharper-too-todays-anti-cancer-tools-are-ever-better-wielded|url-status=live}} </ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Methotrexate iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ntabwo bihenze.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=156-157|language=en|access-date=2021-11-09|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Igiciro cyo kugurisha ku isoko mu 2014 mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati y'amadolari y'Amerika 0.06 na 0.36 ku munsi ku ifishi ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Methotrexate Sodium|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=510&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=23 August 2016|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611150720/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=510&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ukwezi gusanzwe ko kuvurwa kugura hagati y'amadolari 25 na 50.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=464}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 117 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni esheshatu.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}} </ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Methotrexate - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Methotrexate|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708062053/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Methotrexate|url-status=live}} </ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] k464cn66fhbe44nlpnqwoa45rwylkj1 0 23588 149233 145556 2026-11-07T19:25:13Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Colchicine.png|thumb|Colchicine]] '''Colchicine''' ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya goutte n'indwara ya Behçet.<ref name="Ann2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Shekelle PG, Newberry SJ, FitzGerald JD, Motala A, O'Hanlon CE, Tariq A, Okunogbe A, Han D, Shanman R|display-authors=6|title=Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=166|issue=1|pages=37–51|date=January 2017|pmid=27802478|doi=10.7326/M16-0461|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2019">{{Cite web|title=Colchicine Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/colchicine.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=27 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101545/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/colchicine.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sch2011">{{Cite book|last=Schachner|first=Lawrence A.|last2=Hansen|first2=Ronald C.|title=Pediatric Dermatology E-Book|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780723436652|page=177|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=tAlGLYplkacC&pg=PA177|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091604/https://books.google.de/books?id=tAlGLYplkacC&pg=PA177|url-status=live}}</ref> Ku ndwara ya goutte, ntabwo ikundwa cyane kuruta imiti igabanya ubukana bwa NSAID cyangwa steroid.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Izindi ngamba zirimo kwirinda indwara ya pericarditis n'indwara y'imitsi yo mu muryango ya Mediterane.<ref name="AHFS2019" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hutchison|first=Stuart J.|title=Pericardial Diseases: Clinical Diagnostic Imaging Atlas with DVD|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9781416052746|page=58|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=7mZS5PS97X4C&pg=PA58|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091054/https://books.google.de/books?id=7mZS5PS97X4C&pg=PA58|url-status=live}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kurwara igifu, cyane cyane iyo umuntu afashe dose nyinshi.<ref name="NPS2010">{{Cite web|publisher=National Prescribing Service, Australia|url=http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/brief_item_colchicine|date=14 May 2010|title=Colchicine for acute gout: updated information about dosing and drug interactions|access-date=14 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630173701/http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_radar/2010/may_2010/brief_item_colchicine|archive-date=30 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'uturemangingo tw'amaraso no kwangirika kwa rhabdomyolysis.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Umutekano w'ikoreshwa ry'iyi mashini mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ntuzwi neza mu gihe kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[konsa]] bisa n'aho nta kibazo.<ref name="AHFS2019" /><ref name="BNF76">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=1085–1086|edition=76}}</ref> Kugabanya urugero rw'ibinini bishobora gutera urupfu.<ref name="AHFS2019" /> Colchicine ikora mu kugabanya ububyimbirwe binyuze mu buryo butandukanye.<ref name="Dal2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dalbeth N, Lauterio TJ, Wolfe HR|author-link=Nicola Dalbeth|title=Mechanism of action of colchicine in the treatment of gout|journal=Clinical Therapeutics|volume=36|issue=10|pages=1465–79|date=October 2014|pmid=25151572|doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.07.017|url=https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(14)00457-3/fulltext|doi-access=free|access-date=2018-08-19|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828043437/https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918%2814%2900457-3/fulltext|url-status=live}}</ref> Colchicine, mu ishusho ya crocus yo mu gihe cy'umuhindo, yakoreshejwe kuva mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu mu kuvura kubyimba kw'ingingo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wall|first=Wilson John|title=The Search for Human Chromosomes: A History of Discovery|date=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319263366|page=88|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=u7IvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091444/https://books.google.de/books?id=u7IvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|url-status=live}}</ref> Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1961.<ref name="Daily2019">{{Cite web|title=Colchicine capsule|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee1583ac-c308-4beb-b602-9ecac4977026|website=DailyMed|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090948/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee1583ac-c308-4beb-b602-9ecac4977026|url-status=live}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="BNF76" /> Mu Bwongereza, ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi bitwara NHS amapawundi 7 kugeza mu 2019 mu gihe muri Kanada ari amapawundi 10 kugeza mu 2021.<ref name="BNF76" /><ref name="CFPC2021">{{Cite web|last=Ton|first=Joey|title=#299 Cardiovascular prevention trials: Now calling colchicine to the stand|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp299/|website=CFPCLearn|access-date=14 June 2023|date=4 October 2021|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325141029/https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp299/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 252.<ref name="NADAC2019">{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 201 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni ebyiri.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Colchicine - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Colchicine|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708061227/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Colchicine|url-status=live}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 46trvjw7xbax20tdm5x1db4bv9dld2h 0 23591 149247 145195 2026-11-07T19:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ephedrine MSJ.JPG|thumb|Ephedrine]] '''Ephedrine''' ni umuti kandi utera imbaraga.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Ephedrine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ephedrine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909053108/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ephedrine.html|archive-date=2017-09-09}}</ref> Ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi mu gihe cyo gusinziriza uruti rw'umugongo.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Yanakoreshejwe mu kuvura asima, indwara yo kubura ibinure (narcolepsy), n'umubyibuho ukabije ariko si bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuvura.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Nta kamaro gasobanutse neza mu kubyimba izuru.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ishobora gufatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi, mu mitsi, cyangwa munsi y'uruhu.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Gutangira gukoreshwa mu mitsi bihita byihuta, mu gihe gutera mu mitsi bishobora gufata iminota 20, kandi mu kanwa bishobora gufata isaha kugira ngo bigire ingaruka.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Iyo itewe mu buryo bw'urushinge imara isaha imwe kandi iyo inyowe mu kanwa ishobora kumara amasaha ane.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kugorwa no gusinzira, guhangayika, kuribwa umutwe, kubona ibintu mu buryo butunguranye, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umutima utera cyane, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, no kunanirwa kwihagarika.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo gucika imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko, [[Indwara y'umutima|indwara z'umutima]], no guhohoterwa.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Nubwo bishobora kuba ari umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwita, ikoreshwa ryayo muri aba bantu ntiryizweho neza.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Gerald G.|last=Briggs|first2=Roger K.|last2=Freeman|first3=Sumner J.|last3=Yaffe|title=Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781608317080|page=495|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA495|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908191457/https://books.google.com/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA495|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name="PB2016">{{Cite web|title=Ephedrine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ephedrine.html|access-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145931/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ephedrine.html|archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="PB2016" /> Ephedrine ikora mu kongera imikorere ya α na β adrenergic receptors.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ephedrine yakuweho bwa mbere mu 1885 itangira gukoreshwa mu bucuruzi mu 1926.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Debasis Bagchi|editor-last2=Harry G. Preuss|title=Obesity epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention|date=2013|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Florida|isbn=9781439854266|page=692|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oHRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA692|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908191457/https://books.google.com/books?id=6oHRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA692|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=541|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA541|language=en|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828074003/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA541|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ku giciro kinini mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 0.69–1.35 kuri buri dose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ephedrine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=293&searchYear=2014|website=International drug price indicator guide|access-date=1 January 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125106/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=293&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ntabwo bihenze cyane.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia 2015|edition=deluxe lab-coat|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=162}}</ref> Ubusanzwe iboneka mu bimera byo mu bwoko bwa <nowiki><i id="mwcw">Ephedra</i></nowiki>.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Inyongeramusaruro zirimo ephedrine ntizemewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika,<ref name="AHFS2016" /> usibye izikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa, aho <nowiki><i id="mwfg">má huáng</i></nowiki> igaragara.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] k3rzt6fe32xvwklz9bplie5hamltfuy 0 23592 149405 145609 2026-11-07T21:19:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Réaction inflammatoire BCG lors maladie de kawasaki.png|thumb|urukingo rwa BCG]] '''Urukingo rwa''' '''Bacillus Calmette–Guérin''' ( '''BCG''' ) ni urukingo rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya [[Igitunu|igituntu]].<ref name="WHO2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|date=February 2018|volume=93|issue=8|pages=73–96|pmid=29474026|hdl=10665/260307|author-link=World Health Organization}}</ref> Mu bihugu aho igituntu cyangwa ibibembe bikunze kugaragara, ni byiza ko abana bazima barwara doze imwe gusa.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Mu turere aho igituntu kidakunze kugaragara, abana bari mu kaga gakomeye ni bo bonyine bakunze gukingirwa, mu gihe abakekwaho kuba baranduye igituntu bapimwa kandi bakavurwa.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Abantu bakuru badafite igituntu batarakingirwa mbere ariko bakunze guhura n’iki cyorezo nabo bashobora kukingirwa.<ref name="WHO2018" /> BCG ifite kandi akamaro mu kurwanya igisebe cya Buruli n'izindi ndwara za mycobacteria zitari iz'igituntu.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Hari igihe ikoreshwa nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi bwa [[kanseri y'uruhago]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=James|last2=Fuge|first2=Oliver|last3=Allchorne|first3=Paula|last4=Vasdev|first4=Nikhil|title=Immunotherapy for bladder cancer|journal=Research and Reports in Urology|volume=7|date=May 2015|pages=65–79|pmid=26000263|pmc=4427258|doi=10.2147/RRU.S63447}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Houghton|first=Baerin B.|last2=Chalasani|first2=Venu|last3=Hayne|first3=Dickon|last4=Grimison|first4=Peter|last5=Brown|first5=Christopher S. B.|last6=Patel|first6=Manish I.|last7=Davis|first7=Ian D.|last8=Stockler|first8=Martin R.|title=Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis|journal=BJU International|date=May 2013|volume=111|issue=6|pages=977–83|pmid=23253618|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x}}</ref> Igipimo cy'uburinzi ku ndwara y'igituntu kiratandukanye kandi uburinzi bumara imyaka makumyabiri.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Mu bana birinda hafi 20% kwandura indwara kandi mu bandura birinda kimwe cya kabiri cyazo kurwara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roy|first=A|last2=Eisenhut|first2=M|last3=Harris|first3=RJ|last4=Rodrigues|first4=LC|last5=Sridhar|first5=S|last6=Habermann|first6=S|last7=Snell|first7=L|last8=Mangtani|first8=P|last9=Adetifa|first9=I|last10=Lalvani|first10=A|last11=Abubakar|first11=I|title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ|date=5 August 2014|volume=349|pages=g4643|pmid=25097193|doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643|pmc=4122754}}</ref> Urukingo rutangwa hakoreshejwe urushinge mu ruhu.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Nta gihamya kigaragaza ko ingero z'inyongera ari ingirakamaro.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zikomeye ni gake cyane.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Akenshi habaho gutukura, kubyimba, n'ububabare buke aho watewe inshinge.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Igisebe gito gishobora no kuvuka gifite inkovu nyuma yo gukira.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara cyane kandi zishobora kuba zikomeye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Ntabwo ari byiza kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]].<ref name="WHO2018" /> Urukingo rwakozwe bwa mbere rukomoka kuri ''Mycobacterium bovis'', ikunze kuboneka mu nka.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Nubwo yacitse intege, iracyariho.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Urukingo rwa BCG rwakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu buvuzi mu 1921.<ref name="WHO2018" /> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Hagati ya 2011 na 2014 igiciro cya bulijanseri cyari hagati ya 0.20 na 1.10$ y'Amerika kuri doze imwe mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vaccine, Bcg|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=788&searchYear=2014|website=ERC|access-date=13 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071918/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=788&searchYear=2014|archive-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura amadolari y'Amerika 100 kugeza 200.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia|url=https://archive.org/details/tarasconpocketph0000rich_k8v5|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-1284057560|page=[https://archive.org/details/tarasconpocketph0000rich_k8v5/page/312 312]}}</ref> Guhera mu 2004, urukingo ruhabwa abana bagera kuri miliyoni 100 buri mwaka ku isi.<ref name="WHO2004">{{Cite journal|date=23 January 2004|title=BCG Vaccine: WHO position paper|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2004/en/wer7904.pdf|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|volume=4|issue=79|pages=25–40|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921165240/http://www.who.int/wer/2004/en/wer7904.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2015}}</ref> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] 84ll7v0rswoqq3tgvqi8ry8x6c3ku16 0 23598 149412 145517 2026-11-07T21:22:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CBD gummy bears.jpg|thumb|Cannabidiol]] '''Cannabidiol''' ( '''CBD''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo [[Sclerosis y'ibibyimba|mu mutwe zifata ibice by'umubiri]], Lennox-Gastaut na Dravet syndrome.<ref name="BNF81">{{Cite book|title=BNF 81: March-September 2021|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf81marchseptem0000unse|date=2021|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0857114105|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf81marchseptem0000unse/page/326 326]}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2022">{{Cite web|title=Cannabidiol Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cannabidiol.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=7 January 2022|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027030642/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cannabidiol.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Str2021">{{Cite book|last=Strongin|first=Robert M.|last2=Meehan-Atrash|first2=Jiries|last3=Vialpando|first3=Monica|title=Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis|date=21 November 2021|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-000-46771-0|page=80|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Recent_Advances_in_the_Science_of_Cannab/lypHEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Cannabidiol+1940+discovered&pg=PA80|language=en|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092614/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Recent_Advances_in_the_Science_of_Cannab/lypHEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Cannabidiol+1940+discovered&pg=PA80|url-status=live}}</ref> Ikoreshwa hamwe na clobazam.<ref name="BNF81" /> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF81" /> Ibimenyetso ntibihagije kugira ngo bishyigikire ikoreshwa ryayo mu guhangayika, indwara zo mu mutwe, cyangwa ububabare kugeza mu 2019.<ref name="Black2019">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Black N, Stockings E, Campbell G, Tran LT, Zagic D, Hall WD, Farrell M, Degenhardt L|display-authors=6|title=Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The Lancet. Psychiatry|volume=6|issue=12|pages=995–1010|date=December 2019|pmid=31672337|pmc=6949116|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30401-8}}</ref><ref name="Mayo2019">{{Cite journal|vauthors=VanDolah HJ, Bauer BA, Mauck KF|title=Clinicians' Guide to Cannabidiol and Hemp Oils|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=94|issue=9|pages=1840–1851|date=September 2019|pmid=31447137|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.003|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zirimo gushyukwa, impiswi, umunaniro, gusinzira nabi, no kugira ibisebe.<ref name="BNF81" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo ibibazo by'umwijima no kwiyahura.<ref name="PI2022">{{Cite web|title=Epidiolex- cannabidiol solution|website=DailyMed|date=26 August 2020|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8bf27097-4870-43fb-94f0-f3d0871d1eec|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225194817/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8bf27097-4870-43fb-94f0-f3d0871d1eec|url-status=live}}</ref> Gukoresha iyo ndwara mu gihe utwite bishobora kwangiza umwana.<ref name="PI2022" /> Uburyo ikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="EPAR2022">{{Cite web|title=Epidyolex EPAR|website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)|date=24 June 2019|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/epidyolex|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809152037/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/epidyolex|url-status=live}} Text was copied from this source which is copyrighted by the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref> Ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bumwe bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe nk'ubwa tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).<ref name="Camp2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Campos AC, Moreira FA, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS|title=Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=367|issue=1607|pages=3364–78|date=December 2012|pmid=23108553|pmc=3481531|doi=10.1098/rstb.2011.0389|type=Review}}</ref> Cannabidiol yavumbuwe mu 1940.<ref name="Str2021" /> Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2018 no mu Burayi mu 2019.<ref name="PI2022" /><ref name="EPAR2022" /> Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mililitiro 300 z'umuti wa 100 mg/ml zigura hafi 4,600 by'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Epidiolex Prices and Epidiolex Coupons - GoodRx|url=https://www.goodrx.com/epidiolex|website=GoodRx|access-date=7 January 2022|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805174445/https://www.goodrx.com/epidiolex|url-status=live}}</ref> Yakozwe mu kimera cya ''Cannabis sativa''.<ref name="Camp2012" /> Hari abantu bayikoresha mu buryo bw'amavuta ya CBD, muri rusange ikaba irimo urugero ruto rwa THC.<ref name="Mayo2019" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] lew8rjpn5cc1tdodo89s9lxnjr0b7iy 0 23610 149442 145222 2026-11-07T21:30:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Trombocitopenia 01.JPG|thumb|Ihungabana ry'amazi]] Ubwoko bw'ubwandu bukunze kugaragara ni [[bagiteri]], aho ubwandu bwa bagiteri butagira garama bugaragara muri 62% by'abanduye naho ubwandu bwa bagiteri butagira garama bugaragara muri 47%.<ref name="Stat2020">{{Cite journal|last=Mahapatra|first=S|last2=Heffner|first2=AC|title=Septic Shock|date=January 2020|pmid=28613689|journal=StatPearls}}</ref> Mu bihe biri munsi ya 5% by'abarwayi, virusi cyangwa udukoko tuba turimo.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ahantu hakunze kugaragara ubwandu ni ibihaha (42%), amaraso (21%), n'inkari (10%), nubwo kimwe cya gatatu cy'abarwayi aho hantu hatazwi neza.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ibintu bishobora gutera sepsis birimo diyabete, [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]], ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa impyiko, ikoreshwa rya corticosteroids, ubushye, imikorere mibi y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ndetse n'imyaka ikabije.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Ni ubwoko bw'ihungabana rikwirakwira.<ref name="ITLS2018">{{Cite book|title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers|url=https://archive.org/details/internationaltra0000also|date=2018|publisher=Pearson Education Limited|isbn=978-1292-17084-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationaltra0000also/page/175 175]|edition=8}}</ref> Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo uburyo bwo kuvura hakiri kare hifashishijwe intego, hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko, gukuramo ingirangingo zanduye, amazi yo mu mitsi, n'imiti itera imitsi nka norepinephrine.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Izindi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga na kortikosteroidi.<ref name="Stat2020" /> Sepsis ikomeye ibaho ku bantu bagera ku 750.000 (300 kuri 100.000) buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ronco|first=Claudio|last2=Bellomo|first2=Rinaldo|last3=Kellum|first3=John A.|title=Critical Care Nephrology|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4160-4252-5|page=831|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XkKn96HThzEC&pg=PA831|language=en|access-date=2021-01-05|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829053548/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XkKn96HThzEC&pg=PA831|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Jos2013">{{Cite book|last=FCCM|first=Joseph E. Parrillo, MD|last2=MS|first2=R. Phillip Dellinger, MD|title=Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-08929-6|page=339|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=NXuzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|language=en|access-date=2021-01-05|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829053812/https://books.google.ca/books?id=NXuzAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka zo gupfa zirenze 40% kandi bamwe mu barokotse basigarana ubumuga bw'igihe kirekire.<ref name="Sing2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC|display-authors=6|title=The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=8|pages=801–10|date=February 2016|pmid=26903338|pmc=4968574|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.0287}}</ref><ref name="Jos2013" /> == Iriburiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] d6roqdr7m258hsiu8rjt6n77vvqfosc 0 23620 149388 148890 2026-11-07T21:12:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Kanseri y'igifu | synonyms = Kanseri yo mu gifu; ''stomach cancer'', ''gastric cancer'' | image = Adenocarcinoma of the stomach.jpg | caption = Igifu cyafashwe na kanseri (''adenocarcinoma'') | field = Ubuvuzi bw'urwungano ngogozi, ubuvuzi bwa kanseri | symptoms = Mbere: kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi, kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Nyuma: kugabanuka kw'ibiro, umuhondo ku ruhu no mu maso, kuruka amaraso, kugorwa no kumira | onset = Ikura buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi | types = ''Carcinoma'', ''lymphoma'', ibibyimba bya ''mesenchyme'' | causes = ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', uruhererekane | risks = Kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], imirire (imboga zibitswe mu munyu), umubyibuho ukabije | diagnosis = ''Biopsy'' ikorwa mu gihe cy'''endoscopy'' | prevention = Indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane, kutanywa itabi | treatment = Kubaga, imiti ya kanseri (''chimiothérapie''), imirasire, ubuvuzi bugamije | prognosis = Kubaho imyaka itanu: munsi ya 10% (iyo yageze kure), 39,8% (Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika) | frequency = 968 350 (2022) | deaths = 659 853 (2022) }} '''Kanseri y'igifu''' (mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]] ''stomach cancer'' cyangwa ''gastric cancer''), izwi kandi nka kanseri yo mu gifu, ni [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ituruka ku gahu k'imbere k'igifu, iterwa no gukura bidasanzwe kw'uturemangingo. Impamvu yayo ikunze kugaragara ni ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]] ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]''. Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni nko kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Isuzumwa hakoreshejwe ''biopsy'' ifatwa mu gihe cya ''endoscopy''. Ivurwa no kubagwa, imiti ya kanseri n'imirasire; iyo itahuwe hakiri kare ishobora gukira. Ku isi, ni imwe muri kanseri eshanu zikunze kugaragara, ikaba ikunze kwibasira cyane [[Aziya]] y'Iburasirazuba n'[[Burayi]] bw'Iburasirazuba. == Ubwoko n'ibimenyetso == [[Dosiye:Infiltrative (poorly cohesive) gastric cancer.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Igifu cyakuwemo binyuze mu kubaga, kigaragaza kanseri y'igifu]] Inyinshi muri kanseri z'igifu ni ''carcinoma'' (cyane cyane ''adenocarcinoma'') zituruka ku turemangingo tw'agahu k'imbere k'igifu.<ref name="NCIdef" /><ref name="WCR2014" /> ''Lymphoma'' n'ibibyimba bya ''mesenchyme'' nabyo bishobora kugaragara mu gifu.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kuba kuribwa mu gifu, kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no kubura ubushake bwo kurya.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Nyuma hashobora kuza kugabanuka kw'ibiro, guhinduka umuhondo k'uruhu n'umweru w'amaso, [[kuruka]] amaraso, kugorwa no kumira no kugaragara kw'amaraso mu musarani.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Kanseri ishobora kuva mu gifu igakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane [[umwijima]], ibihaha, amagufwa, agahu gatwikiriye inda imbere n'imvubura z'amatembabuzi (''lymph nodes'').<ref name="Ruddon2007" /> == Impamvu n'ibyago == Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni ubwandu bwa ''Helicobacter pylori'', bugaragara ku barwayi barenga 60%.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="ChangParsonnet2010" /><ref name="Issues2007" /> Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa ''H. pylori'' bufite ibyago byinshi kurusha ubundi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Kunywa itabi, imirire (nko kurya imboga zibitswe mu munyu) n'umubyibuho ukabije byongera ibyago.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="pmid24011243" /> Hafi 10% by'abarwayi bafite abo mu muryango bayirwaye, naho hagati ya 1% na 3% bayiterwa n'indwara z'uruhererekane.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Akenshi kanseri y'igifu ikura buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Gusuzuma == Gusuzuma iyi ndwara bikorwa akenshi hafatwa agace k'urugingo (''biopsy'') mu gihe cya ''endoscopy''.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> Hakurikiraho ibindi bizamini byerekana niba yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /> [[Ubuyapani]] na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y'Epfo]], ibihugu bibiri bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cy'iyi ndwara, bisuzuma abaturage kugira ngo iyi kanseri itahurwe hakiri kare.<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Kwirinda no kuvura == Indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane no kureka itabi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'igifu.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="NCI2014Prevent" /> Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko kuvura ubwandu bwa ''H. pylori'' bigabanya ibyago mu gihe kizaza.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="NCI2014Prevent" /> Iyo kanseri y'igifu ivuwe hakiri kare, ishobora gukira.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba kubaga, imiti ya kanseri (''chimiothérapie''), imirasire n'ubuvuzi bugamije (''targeted therapy'').<ref name="NCI2014TxPt" /><ref name="Wagner17" /> Iyo itahuwe itinze, hatangwa ubuvuzi bugabanya ububabare.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ubwoko bumwe bwa ''lymphoma'' y'igifu bushobora kuvurwa no kurandura ''H. pylori''.<ref name="St2010" /> Akenshi iyi ndwara irangira nabi: mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba, abarwayi bafite kanseri yageze kure barenga imyaka itanu bari munsi ya 10%, kuko abenshi bayitahura yaramaze gukomera.<ref name="WJG14" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], abarwayi bagera kuri 39,8% barenza imyaka itanu,<ref name="SEER" /> mu gihe muri Koreya y'Epfo barenga 65% naho mu Buyapani barenga 70%, ahanini bitewe n'isuzuma rikorwa hakiri kare.<ref name="WCR2014" /><ref name="Jap2011" /> == Ikwirakwizwa == Ku isi yose, kanseri y'igifu ni imwe muri kanseri zikunze kugaragara n'izica abantu benshi.<ref name="WCR2014Epi" /> Mu 2022, abantu 968 350 bayirwaye bwa mbere, ihitana abantu 659 853.<ref name="Bray2022" /> Mbere y'imyaka ya 1930, mu bice byinshi by'isi, harimo n'ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere by'Iburengerazuba, ni yo yari intandaro ya mbere y'impfu zikomoka kuri kanseri.<ref name="Cancermgmt" /><ref name="Handbook" /> Kuva icyo gihe, igipimo cy'impfu cyaragabanutse mu bice byinshi by'isi.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ibi bikekwa ko biterwa no kugabanuka kw'ibiryo birimo [[umunyu]] mwinshi n'ibibitswe mu munyu, bitewe n'iterambere rya firigo mu kubika ibiryo.<ref name="Culture" /> Ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba, igakurikirwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba.<ref name="WCR2014" /> Ifata abagabo inshuro ebyiri kurusha [[Umugore|abagore]].<ref name="WCR2014" /> == Amafoto == <gallery mode="packed" heights="130"> File:Diagram showing the T stages of stomach cancer CRUK 374.svg|Ibyiciro (T) bya kanseri y'igifu File:Gastric adenocarcinoma.jpg|''Adenocarcinoma'' y'igifu ibonwa na mikorosikopi </gallery> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="NCIdef">{{Cite web |title=What Is Stomach Cancer? |url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach |website=National Cancer Institute |language=en |access-date=2026-10-18}}</ref> <ref name="WCR2014">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|pages=Chapter 5.4}}</ref> <ref name="NCI2014TxPt">{{Cite web|title=Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-04-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705231337/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gastric/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Ruddon2007">{{Cite book|last=Ruddon|first=Raymond W.|title=Cancer biology|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195175431|page=223|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915231411/https://books.google.com/books?id=PymZ1ORk0TcC&pg=PA223|archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="ChangParsonnet2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chang AH, Parsonnet J|title=Role of bacteria in oncogenesis|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=23|issue=4|pages=837–57|date=October 2010|pmid=20930075|pmc=2952975|doi=10.1128/CMR.00012-10}}</ref> <ref name="Issues2007">{{Cite book|editor-last=Sim|editor-first=Fiona|editor-last2=McKee|editor-first2=Martin|title=Issues in public health|date=2011|publisher=Open University Press|location=Maidenhead|isbn=9780335244225|page=74|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA74|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jn8xC6_UW8YC&pg=PA74|archive-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> <ref name="pmid24011243">{{Cite journal|vauthors=González CA, Sala N, Rokkas T|title=Gastric cancer: epidemiologic aspects|journal=Helicobacter|volume=18|issue=Suppl 1|pages=34–8|date=September 2013|pmid=24011243|doi=10.1111/hel.12082}}</ref> <ref name="NCI2014Prevent">{{Cite web|title=Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/hp/stomach-prevention-pdq |website=NCI|access-date=1 July 2014|date=2014-02-27}}</ref> <ref name="Wagner17">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wagner AD, Syn NL, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai BC, Ho J, Unverzagt S|title=Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|pages=CD004064|date=August 2017|pmid=28850174|pmc=6483552|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4}}</ref> <ref name="St2010">{{Cite journal|last=Stathis|first=A|last2=Bertoni|first2=F|last3=Zucca|first3=E|title=Treatment of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type.|journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy|date=September 2010|volume=11|issue=13|pages=2141–52|doi=10.1517/14656566.2010.497141|pmid=20586708}}</ref> <ref name="WJG14">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Orditura M, Galizia G, Sforza V, Gambardella V, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, Andreozzi F, Ventriglia J, Savastano B, Mabilia A, Lieto E, Ciardiello F, De Vita F|title=Treatment of gastric cancer|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=20|issue=7|pages=1635–49|date=February 2014|pmid=24587643|pmc=3930964|doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635}}</ref> <ref name="SEER">{{Cite web |title=Cancer of the Stomach - Cancer Stat Facts |url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html |website=SEER, National Cancer Institute |language=en |access-date=2026-10-18}}</ref> <ref name="Jap2011">{{Cite web|title=がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計 (国立がん研究センター　がん登録・統計)|url=https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|language=ja|website=ganjoho.jp|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063111/https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/brochure/hosp_c_reg_surv.html|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="WCR2014Epi">{{Cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-9283204299|chapter=Chapter 1.1}}</ref> <ref name="Cancermgmt">{{Cite book|last1=Tobias|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Hochhauser|first2=Daniel|title=Cancer and its management|date=2010|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Chichester, West Sussex, UK|isbn=9781444306378|page=259|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9sW0eCoZFt4C&pg=PA259|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915182348/https://books.google.com/books?id=9sW0eCoZFt4C&pg=PA259|archive-date=15 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Skeel|editor-first1=Roland T.|editor-last2=Khleif|editor-first2=Samir N.|title=Handbook of cancer chemotherapy|date=2011|publisher=Wolter Kluwer|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781608317820|page=127|edition=8th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nz_87OLrtcC&pg=PA127|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918163929/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Nz_87OLrtcC&pg=PA127|archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> <ref name="Culture">{{Cite book|editor-last1=Moore|editor-first1=Rhonda J.|editor-last2=Spiegel|editor-first2=David|title=Cancer, culture, and communication|date=2004|publisher=Kluwer Academic|location=New York|isbn=9780306478857|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-b105731/page/n157 139]|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-b105731}}</ref> <ref name="Bray2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Bray |first1=Freddie |last2=Laversanne |first2=Mathieu |last3=Sung |first3=Hyuna |last4=Ferlay |first4=Jacques |last5=Siegel |first5=Rebecca L. |last6=Soerjomataram |first6=Isabelle |last7=Jemal |first7=Ahmedin |date=2024-04-04 |title=Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries |journal=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=229–263 |language=en |doi=10.3322/caac.21834 |pmid=38572751 |doi-access=free}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Indwara Ya Kanseri]] * [[Helicobacter pylori]] * [[Kanseri yo mu bihaha]] * [[Kanseri y’ibere]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach Stomach Cancer] – ''National Cancer Institute'' (mu cyongereza) {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanseri y'igifu}} [[Ikiciro:Kanseri]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]] m8txl0ou7be0ztauyn6or4zcyux9rai 0 23662 149397 142644 2026-11-07T21:14:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Édouard Kayihura | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umunyamategeko, umwanditsi, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu | known_for = Ubuhamya ku [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] | notable_works = ''Inside the Hotel Rwanda'' (2014) }} '''Édouard Kayihura''' ni Umunyarwanda warokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]. Ni umunyamategeko, umwanditsi kandi aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Muri Jenoside, Kayihura yamaze iminsi 100 ari impunzi muri [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] i [[Kigali]]. Yanditse igitabo ''Inside the Hotel Rwanda'' (2014) ku byabereye muri iyo hoteli. == Ubuzima == === Muri Jenoside === Mu 1994, Kayihura yamaze iminsi 100 ari impunzi muri Hôtel des Mille Collines.<ref name="benbella" /> === Umwuga === Kayihura yabaye umushinjacyaha mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Kigali. Yakurikiranaga imanza za Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.<ref name="benbella" /> Yabaye kandi umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa akaba n'uhagarariye mu mategeko umuryango Kanyarwanda uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.<ref name="benbella" /> Nyuma yimukiye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Atanga ibiganiro mu mashuri no muri za kaminuza.<ref name="benbella" /> == Inside the Hotel Rwanda == Mu 2014, Kayihura yasohoye igitabo ''Inside the Hotel Rwanda''. Yacyanditse afatanyije na Kerry Zukus. Cyasohowe na BenBella Books i Dallas.<ref name="worldcat" /><ref name="benbella" /> Icyo gitabo kivuga iminsi 100 Kayihura yamaze muri hoteli. Kirimo kandi ubuhamya bw'abandi barokotse, Abahutu n'Abatutsi, n'ubw'abasirikare b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye.<ref name="benbella" /> Igitabo kinenga filime ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]''. Abanditsi bacyo bavuga ko iyo filime itavuga ukuri ku byabereye muri hoteli. Bavuga ko [[Paul Rusesabagina]] yari umuntu ushaka ubutegetsi wungukiye ku mpunzi.<ref name="benbella" /> == Ibitabo == * {{Cite book |last1=Kayihura |first1=Edouard |last2=Zukus |first2=Kerry |title=Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story ... and Why It Matters Today |url=https://archive.org/details/insidehotelrwand0000edou |publisher=BenBella Books |location=Dallas |year=2014 |language=en}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="benbella">{{Cite web |title=Inside the Hotel Rwanda |url=https://benbellabooks.com/shop/inside-the-hotel-rwanda/ |website=BenBella Books |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="worldcat">{{Cite web |title=Inside the Hotel Rwanda : the surprising true story ... and why it matters today |url=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/809615499 |website=WorldCat |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] * [[Hotel Rwanda]] * [[Paul Rusesabagina]] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayihura, Edouard}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] n9t4boup3r8nenwevlfvk4qqt9d2mc0 0 23686 149496 142679 2026-11-08T03:58:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 149496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Georges Rutaganda | birth_date = 27 Ugushyingo 1958 | birth_place = Komini Masango, Perefegitura ya Gitarama, [[Rwanda]] | death_date = 11 Ukwakira 2010 | death_place = [[Bene]] | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umucuruzi, umunyapolitiki | title = Visi-perezida wa kabiri w'Interahamwe | known_for = Ubwicanyi bwa ETO Kicukiro na Nyanza }} '''Georges Rutaganda''' (amazina yose: Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda; 27 Ugushyingo 1958 – 11 Ukwakira 2010) yari umucuruzi n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyarwanda. Yari visi-perezida wa kabiri wa komite y'igihugu y'[[Interahamwe]]. [[Ubutabera mpuzamahanga (ICTR)|Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] (ICTR) rwamuhamije icyaha cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu. Yapfiriye muri gereza muri [[Bene]]. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'intangiriro === Georges Rutaganda yavutse mu 1958. Yavukiye muri Komini Masango, muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama.<ref name="ikirego" /> Yari yarize iby'[[ubuhinzi]]. Yari kandi umucuruzi. Yari umuyobozi akaba na nyiri sosiyete yitwa Rutaganda SARL.<ref name="ikirego" /> === Umwuga === Rutaganda yari umwe mu bagize komite z'ishyaka [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] ku rwego rw'igihugu no ku rwego rwa perefegitura.<ref name="ictr2010" /> Yari visi-perezida wa kabiri wa komite y'igihugu y'Interahamwe. Interahamwe zari umutwe w'urubyiruko wa MRND.<ref name="ictr2010" /> Rutaganda yari kandi umunyamigabane wa radiyo RTLM.<ref name="ictr2010" /> === Uruhare muri Jenoside === Impunzi ibihumbi zari zahungiye [[Ubwicanyi bw'Ishuri rya ETO|ku ishuri rya ETO]] i Kicukiro, muri [[Kigali]]. Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zari ziyobowe na Rutaganda zateye iyo mpunzi. Zari kumwe n'abasirikare. Impunzi amagana zarishwe.<ref name="un2002" /> Abarokotse bajyanywe i Nyanza ya Kicukiro. Bicirwa yo.<ref name="un2002" /> Urukiko rwemeje ko Rutaganda yagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi bw'Abatutsi ibihumbi.<ref name="ji1999" /> === Urubanza n'urupfu === Rutaganda yafatiwe muri [[Zambiya]] ku wa 10 Ukwakira 1995. Ku wa 26 Gicurasi 1996, yoherejwe muri gereza ya ICTR i Arusha, muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref name="ji1999" /> Urubanza rwe rwatangiye ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997.<ref name="ictr1997" /> Ku wa 6 Ukuboza 1999, ICTR yamuhamije Jenoside n'itsembatsemba nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. Yanamuhamije kwica impunzi y'Umututsi akoresheje umuhoro. Yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu.<ref name="ji1999" /> Urukiko rwemeye ko yarokoye Abatutsi bamwe. Rwasanze ariko uburemere bw'ibyaha bye buruta ibyo.<ref name="ji1999" /> Ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2003, urukiko rw'ubujurire rwemeje icyaha cya Jenoside n'icy'itsembatsemba. Rwamuhamije kandi ibyaha by'intambara ku bwicanyi bwa ETO na Nyanza. Ni bwo bwa mbere ICTR yahamije umuntu ibyaha by'intambara. Igihano cya burundu cyagumyeho.<ref name="ji2003" /> Ku wa 27 Kamena 2009, Rutaganda yoherejwe muri Bene kurangirizayo igihano cye.<ref name="ictr2010" /> Yapfuye ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2010, afite imyaka 52. Yazize indwara yari amaranye igihe kirekire.<ref name="ictr2010" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="ikirego">{{Cite web |title=The Prosecutor of the Tribunal against Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda – Indictment |url=https://ucr.irmct.org/LegalRef/CMSDocStore/Public/English/Indictment/NotIndexable/ICTR-96-03/MSC17351R0000617840.PDF |website=International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=1996-02-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-08}}</ref> <ref name="ictr1997">{{Cite web |title=The trial of Rutaganda before the ICTR begins |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/trial-rutaganda-ictr-begins |website=United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=1997-03-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-08}}</ref> <ref name="un2002">{{Cite news |title=Former Rwandan colonel wanted for war crimes arrested at request of UN tribunal |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2002/05/35222 |work=UN News |language=en |access-date=2026-11-08}}</ref> <ref name="ictr2010">{{Cite web |title=Death of Convict Georges Rutaganda in Benin |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/death-convict-georges-rutaganda-benin |website=United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=2010-10-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="ji1999">{{Cite news |title=Former Rwandan militia leader gets life sentence for genocide |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/15585-en-en-former-rwandan-militia-leader-gets-life-sentence-for-genocide63516351.html |work=Agence Hirondelle (JusticeInfo.net) |date=1999-12-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> <ref name="ji2003">{{Cite news |title=Appeals Chamber confirms Rutaganda's life sentence |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/17264-en-en-appeals-chamber-confirms-rutagandas-life-sentence80308030.html |work=Agence Hirondelle (JusticeInfo.net) |date=2003-05-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Interahamwe]] * [[Ubwicanyi bw'Ishuri rya ETO]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]] * [[Abarezwe na ICTR]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |last=Melvern |first=Linda |title=A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide |edition=Revised and Expanded |publisher=Zed Books |location=London |year=2024 |isbn=978-1-350-40963-7 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rutaganda, Georges}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] 3aal94klpg195zlsvhos3jnxicxh3nt 0 23717 149406 142757 2026-11-07T21:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru''' muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] (mu Gifaransa: ''Rôle des médias dans le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda'') rwari runini. Ibinyamakuru na radiyo bimwe byakwirakwije urwango ku Batutsi. Byafashije gutegura no gukora jenoside. Ibizwi cyane ni ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]] na radiyo RTLM. Mu 2003, Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwahamije abayobozi b'ibyo bitangazamakuru icyaha cya jenoside. Itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga naryo ryaranenzwe, kuko ritasobanuye neza ibyabaga mu Rwanda. == Mbere ya jenoside == [[Dosiye:Kangura.png|thumb|left|upright|Igifuniko cya Kangura nimero 26]] === Kangura === Ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]] cyayoborwaga na [[Hassan Ngeze]].<ref name="nu" /> Mu Ukuboza 1990, Kangura nimero 6 yasohoye « Amategeko icumi y'Abahutu ».<ref name="ictr" /> Ayo mategeko yasabaga Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi. Kangura yasohoye kandi urutonde rw'amazina 123 y'abantu yitaga abanzi.<ref name="ictr" /> === RTLM === Radiyo RTLM (''Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines'') yatangiye kumvikana muri Nyakanga 1993.<ref name="ictr" /> Yashinzwe na [[Ferdinand Nahimana]] na Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza.<ref name="nu" /> Umucuruzi Félicien Kabuga nawe yari umwe mu bayishinze.<ref name="africa" /> Radio Rwanda yari radiyo ya Leta. RTLM yo yakwirakwizaga urwango ku mugaragaro.<ref name="africa" /> Yitaga Abatutsi « inyenzi ».<ref name="africa" /> == Mu gihe cya jenoside == Nyuma ya 6 Mata 1994, RTLM yasomaga amazina y'Abatutsi n'ay'abanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. Yavugaga n'aho bari bari.<ref name="ictr" /><ref name="africa" /> Urukiko rwemeje ko bamwe mu bavuzwe kuri radiyo bishwe nyuma yaho.<ref name="ictr" /> RTLM yashishikarizaga abantu « gutema ibiti birebire ».<ref name="africa" /> == Urubanza rw'itangazamakuru == ICTR yaburanishije Nahimana, Barayagwiza na Ngeze hamwe. Uru rubanza rwiswe « urubanza rw'itangazamakuru ».<ref name="nu" /> Ku wa 3 Ukuboza 2003, urukiko rwabahamije icyaha cya jenoside. Rwabahamije kandi icyaha cyo gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside.<ref name="ictr" /> Nahimana na Ngeze bakatiwe gufungwa burundu. Barayagwiza yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 35.<ref name="ictr" /> Urukiko rwavuze ko ububasha bw'itangazamakuru buzana inshingano ikomeye.<ref name="ictr" /> Ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2007, urugereko rw'ubujurire rwagabanyije ibihano. Nahimana yakatiwe imyaka 30. Barayagwiza yakatiwe imyaka 32. Ngeze yakatiwe imyaka 35.<ref name="nu" /> == Itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga == Itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga naryo ryaranenzwe. Ntiryitaye bihagije ku byabaga mu Rwanda, cyangwa ntiryabisobanuye neza.<ref name="idrc" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="ictr">{{Cite web |title=The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, Hassan Ngeze: Summary of Judgement |url=https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/ICTR/BARAYAGWIZA_ICTR-99-52/TRIAL_CHAMBER_Summary.html |website=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |date=2003-12-03 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="nu">{{Cite web |title=Nahimana et al. (ICTR-99-52) "Media Case" |url=https://cgljresourcehub.law.northeastern.edu/human-rights-law/international-criminal-law/ictr/case-summaries/nahimana/ |website=Northeastern University School of Law |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="africa">{{Cite web |title=How the Airwaves Were a Catalyst to Rwanda's Genocide |url=https://africa.com/top-10-news/how-the-airwaves-were-a-catalyst-to-rwandas-genocide |website=Africa.com |date=2020-06-08 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="idrc">{{Cite book |editor-last=Thompson |editor-first=Allan |title=The Media and the Rwanda Genocide |publisher=Pluto Press, Fountain Publishers, IDRC |year=2007 |isbn=0-7453-2625-0 |url=https://idrc-crdi.ca/en/books/media-and-rwanda-genocide |language=en}}</ref> }} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Kangura]] * [[Kanguka (ikinyamakuru)]] * [[Ferdinand Nahimana]] * [[Hassan Ngeze]] * [[Imbaraga z'Abahutu]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |editor-last=Thompson |editor-first=Allan |title=The Media and the Rwanda Genocide |url=https://archive.org/details/mediarwandagenoc0000unse |publisher=Pluto Press |location=London |year=2007 |isbn=0-7453-2625-0 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} [[Ikiciro:Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] [[Ikiciro:Itangazamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] bwwunle9fltnceuepohpw0m8yrldfl4 0 23917 149481 148292 2026-11-07T23:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Amsterdam | short_description = no | type = Umurwa mukuru | image_skyline = Amsterdam airphoto.jpg | image_caption = Amsterdam ifotowe mu kirere | image_map = Map - NL - Municipality code 0363 (2022).svg | map_caption = Aho Amsterdam iherereye mu Buholandi | subdivision_type = Igihugu | subdivision_name = [[Ubuholandi]] | subdivision_type1 = Intara | subdivision_name1 = Holland y'Amajyaruguru | leader_title = Meya | leader_name = Femke Halsema | population_total = 942504 | population_as_of = 2026 | coordinates = {{coord|52|22|N|4|53|E|region:NL_type:city|display=inline}} | website = [https://www.amsterdam.nl amsterdam.nl] }} '''Amsterdam''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'[[Ubuholandi]]. Ni na wo mujyi utuwe cyane mu gihugu. Icyicaro cya guverinoma ntikiri i Amsterdam. Kiri mu mujyi wa Den Haag (La Haye). Amsterdam iri mu Ntara ya Holland y'Amajyaruguru. Ituwe n'abaturage barenga 940,000. Uyu mujyi uzwiho imiyoboro y'amazi myinshi. Agace k'imiyoboro yo mu kinyejana cya 17 kari ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO. == Amateka == [[File:Amsterdam Canals - July 2006.jpg|thumb|left|Umuyoboro w'amazi i Amsterdam]] Amsterdam yatangiye ari umudugudu muto w'abarobyi mu kinyejana cya 13. Kugira ngo birinde imyuzure, abaturage bubatse urugomero ku [[uruzi]] rwa Amstel. Byabaye ahagana mu 1270.<ref name="britH">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amsterdam/History |title=Amsterdam – History |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Izina Amsterdam rikomoka kuri urwo rugomero rwo ku ruzi rwa Amstel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/_data_icacourses/_HtmlModules/_Selfstudy/S03/S03_003intro.html |title=S03: Functions of geographical names |website=United Nations Statistics Division |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Amsterdam yahawe uburenganzira bwo kuba umujyi mu 1306.<ref name="britS">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/Amsterdam |title=Amsterdam summary |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Mu kinyejana cya 17, Amsterdam yabaye ihuriro rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi mu [[Burayi]].<ref name="britS" /> Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, [[Ubudage]] bwigaruriye Amsterdam.<ref name="britS" /> Abayahudi 107,000 bajyanywe mu nkambi bavuye mu Buholandi. Nibura 102,000 muri bo bishwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://niod.nl/en/publications/persecution-jews-photographs |title=The Persecution of the Jews in Photographs: The Netherlands 1940–1945 |website=NIOD |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208185522/https://www.niod.nl/en/publications/persecution-jews-photographs |archive-date=2025-02-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Anne Frank n'umuryango we bihishe mu nzu iri ku muyoboro wa Prinsengracht. Iyo nzu ubu yitwa Anne Frank Huis. Isurwa n'abantu barenga miliyoni buri mwaka.<ref name="canon">{{Cite web |url=https://canonvannederland.nl/en/annefrank |title=Anne Frank |website=Canon van Nederland |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> == Imiterere n'abaturage == Imiyoboro y'amazi igabanya Amsterdam mu birwa bigera kuri 90. Ibiraro birenga 1,300 bihuza ibyo birwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amsterdam |title=Amsterdam |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2026-10-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Agace k'imiyoboro kitwa Grachtengordel kubatswe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 no mu kinyejana cya 17. Kashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1349/ |title=Seventeenth-Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 2026, Amsterdam yari ituwe n'abaturage 942,504.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/netherlands/admin/noord_holland/0363__amsterdam/ |title=Amsterdam (Municipality, Netherlands) – Population |website=City Population |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Meya wa Amsterdam ni Femke Halsema. Yatangiye uwo murimo mu 2018. Ni we mugore wa mbere wabaye meya w'uyu mujyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hartvannederland.nl/politiek/artikelen/femke-halsema-beedigd-als-burgemeester-van-amsterdam |title=Femke Halsema beëdigd als burgemeester van Amsterdam |website=Hart van Nederland |date=2018-07-12 |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Inama njyanama y'umujyi yasabye ko yongera gushyirwaho kugeza nibura mu 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rodi.nl/amsterdam-nieuw-west/politiek/383094/tweede-termijn-burgemeester-femke-halsema-officieel |title=Tweede termijn burgemeester Femke Halsema |website=Rodi Media |language=nl |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> == Umuco == Amsterdam ifite inzu ndangamurage nyinshi. Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh Museum na Stedelijk Museum ziri ku kibuga cyitwa Museumplein.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iamsterdam.com/en/explore/neighbourhoods/centrum/things-to-do-in-the-museum-quarter |title=Things to do in the Museum Quarter |website=I amsterdam |date=2026-09-10 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Amsterdam izwi nk'umujyi w'[[igare|amagare]]. Muri uyu mujyi hari amagare menshi kurusha abaturage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://casestudies.uli.org/bike-friendly-amsterdam/ |title=Building a Truly Bike-Friendly City: Lessons from Amsterdam |website=Urban Land Institute |language=en |access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Amsterdam|Amafoto ya Amsterdam]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Ubuholandi]] [[Ikiciro:Imijyi]] [[Ikiciro:Imirwa]] 1lrhugyjqz1ggpuklkwhp4owne17354 0 23923 149513 148373 2026-11-08T06:47:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'' | image = [[File:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|200px]] | caption = Igitabo ku [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe]] | label1 = Abanditsi | data1 = [[Charles Habonimana]]<br />Daniel Le Scornet | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Ubuhamya | label3 = Ururimi | data3 = Igifaransa | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Ubufaransa]] | label5 = Uwagisohoye | data5 = Plon | label6 = Itariki | data6 = 21 Werurwe 2019 | label7 = Impapuro | data7 = 304 | label8 = ISBN | data8 = 978-2-259-27719-8 }} '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (mu Kinyarwanda: ''Jyewe, Umututsi wa nyuma'') ni igitabo cy'ubuhamya. Cyanditswe na [[Charles Habonimana]] afatanyije na Daniel Le Scornet. Cyasohotse mu 2019 mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], gisohowe na Plon. Igitabo kivuga ku buzima bw'umwanditsi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Icyo gihe, Charles Habonimana yari afite imyaka 12. == Ibikubiye mu gitabo == Charles Habonimana yavutse mu 1982. Yavukiye i Mayunzwe, mu majyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gc2019">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2019/04/13/moi-le-dernier-des-tutsis/ |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Le Grand Continent |author=Camille Stuckel |date=2019-04-13 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 1994, Charles yari afite imyaka 12.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n'ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 19 Mata 1994, [[Theodore Sindikubwabo|Théodore Sindikubwabo]] yavugiye ijambo i [[Butare]]. Igitabo kivuga kuri iryo jambo. Nyuma yaryo, abaturanyi b'Abahutu batangiye kwica Abatutsi.<ref name="ja" /> Ku wa 24 Mata 1994, abicanyi bishe se, Célestin, imbere ye. Bishe kandi Fidel, wo mu muryango we. Nyina, Odette, n'abavandimwe be barindwi na bo barishwe.<ref name="ja" /> Sebuhuku yari umuyobozi w'abicanyi ku musozi wabo. Sebuhuku yategetse ko Charles aticwa ako kanya. Yashakaga ko Charles aba « Umututsi wa nyuma ». Charles yagombaga kwicwa nyuma y'Abatutsi bose bo mu gace.<ref name="ja" /><ref name="gc2024">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2024/04/07/la-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-une-liste-de-lectures/ |title=Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : une liste de lectures |website=Le Grand Continent |author1=Florian Louis |author2=Anthony Guyon |date=2024-04-07 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Sebuhuku yishe umuryango wa Charles. Ariko Sebuhuku yabaye kandi umurinzi wa Charles. Francine, umugore wa Sebuhuku, yarinze Charles uko ashoboye.<ref name="ja" /> Charles yarokotse Jenoside. == Kwandika igitabo == Charles yatanze ubuhamya bwe mu magambo imyaka myinshi, mu nama zo ku isi hose. Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000, yatangiye kwandika ubuhamya bwe mu Kinyarwanda. Mu mpera za 2016, yahuye na Daniel Le Scornet mu Bufaransa. Bombi biyemeje kwandika igitabo mu Gifaransa.<ref name="ja" /> == Isohoka == Plon yasohoye igitabo ku wa 21 Werurwe 2019.<ref name="plon">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lisez.com/livre-grand-format/moi-le-dernier-tutsi/9782259277198 |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Lisez ! (Plon) |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226033433/https://www.lisez.com/livre-grand-format/moi-le-dernier-tutsi/9782259277198 |archive-date=2024-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku wa 23 Mata 2019, Charles Habonimana yamuritse igitabo i [[Kigali]].<ref name="nt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166015/News/kwibuka-25-the-genocide-through-the-eyes-of-a-12-year-old |title=Kwibuka 25: the Genocide through the eyes of a 12-year-old |work=The New Times |author=Eugene Kwibuka |date=2019-04-24 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=en}}</ref> Muri Mata 2019 kandi, ikinyamakuru ''Jeune Afrique'' cyagiranye ikiganiro na Charles Habonimana ku gitabo cye.<ref name="ja" /> Ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2020, Pocket yongeye gusohora igitabo.<ref name="pocket">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lisez.com/livres/moi-le-dernier-tutsi/9782266300261 |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi (Pocket) |website=Lisez ! |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2024, ikinyamakuru ''Le Grand Continent'' cyashyize iki gitabo ku rutonde rw'ibitabo byo gusoma kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="gc2024" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Charles Habonimana]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |year=2019 |isbn=978-2-259-27719-8 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Pocket |year=2020 |isbn=978-2-266-30026-1 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moi, le dernier Tutsi}} [[Ikiciro:Ibitabo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvanganzo]] [[Ikiciro:Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] lzjtbywfu9x3u8islwdeddzomd44jmd 0 23966 149354 148876 2026-11-07T20:58:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Spironolacton.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Spironolactone | tradename = Aldactone n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Ku ruhu | elimination_half-life = Spironolactone: 1,4 hrs, : 13,8 amasaha, : 15,0 hrs, Canrenone: 16,5 amasaha | CAS_number = 52-01-7 | ATC_prefix = C03 | ATC_suffix = DA01 | PubChem = 5833 | DrugBank = DB00421 | C = 24 | H = 32 | O = 4 | S = 1 }} '''Spironolactone''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Aldactone''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Spironolactone for veterinary use.jpg|thumb|left|Spironolactone]] Spironolactone, igurishwa ku izina rya Aldactone n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amazi yiyongera bitewe [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|n'indwara z'umutima]], inkovu z'umwijima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Oct 24, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116054857/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html|archive-date=2015-11-16}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, potasiyumu nke mu maraso idakira iyo inyongejwe, mu gihe cy'ubugimbi mu bahungu, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] n'ikura ry'umusatsi mwinshi mu bagore, ndetse no mu rwego rwo kuvura imisemburo ikomoka ku gitsina gore ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Adam J.|last=Friedman|title=Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne|journal=Cutis|date=1 October 2015|issn=2326-6929|pages=216–217|volume=96|issue=4|pmid=27141564}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Maizes|first=Victoria|title=Integrative Women's Health|date=2015|isbn=9780190214807|page=746|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|df=|access-date=14 September 2017|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514213229/https://books.google.com/books?id=uveJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA746|url-status=live}}</ref> Spironolactone ifatwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Spironolactone yavumbuwe mu 1957, itangira gukoreshwa mu 1959.<ref name="OttowWeinmann2008">{{Cite book|last=Eckhard Ottow|last2=Hilmar Weinmann|title=Nuclear Receptors As Drug Targets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|access-date=28 May 2012|date=9 July 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-62330-3|page=410|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621121614/http://books.google.com/books?id=iATfLbPgRugC&pg=PA410|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Wermuth2008">{{Cite book|last=Camille Georges Wermuth|title=The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1%20DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|access-date=27 May 2012|date=24 July 2008|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-374194-3|page=34|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621115634/http://books.google.com/books?id=Qmt1%20DQkCpEC&pg=PA34|archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Sittig1988">{{Cite book|last=Marshall Sittig|title=Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|access-date=27 May 2012|year=1988|publisher=William Andrew|isbn=978-0-8155-1144-1|page=1385|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620225714/http://books.google.com/books?id=XCsJgUnclbcC&pg=PA1385|archive-date=20 June 2013}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu 2014 kiri hagati ya 0.02 na 0.12 US$ ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071955/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=731&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] bigura hafi US$ 0.50 ku munsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] bigura munsi ya £10.<ref name="Hitch2019">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=38-39|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 69 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'imwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Spironolactone - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429132251/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Spironolactone|url-status=live}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Spironolactone|Amafoto ajyanye na Spironolactone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] rfphkkbrup57c8nhl0gto0xztwo1ihz 0 23971 149250 148874 2026-11-07T19:38:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Folic acid.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Folate | tradename = Folicet, Folvite | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya, Urushinge mu mutsi, Urushinge munsi y'uruhu | CAS_number = 59-30-3 | ATC_prefix = B03 | ATC_suffix = BB01 | PubChem = 6037 | DrugBank = DB00158 }} '''Folate''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''vitamine B₉''' na '''folacin''', ni imwe muri vitamine B. == Akamaro mu mubiri == [[Dosiye:Folate family.svg|thumb|left|Folate]] Folate, izwi kandi ku izina rya vitamine B₉ na folacin,<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web|title=Folate|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|access-date=17 March 2018|date=2014|quote=Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin, which is also known as vitamin B9 or folacin.|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819075234/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|url-status=live}}</ref> ni imwe muri vitamine B.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 September 2016|date=1 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233930/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Aside folike yakozwe, umubiri uhindura folate, ikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu mirire no mu kongera ibiryo kuko iba ihamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyibika.<ref name="Choi2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M|title=Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives|journal=Prev Nutr Food Sci|volume=19|issue=4|pages=247–60|date=December 2014|pmid=25580388|pmc=4287316|doi=10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247}}</ref> Folate irakenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore ADN na RNA kandi ukoreshe aside amine zikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo twigabanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="PresentKnowledge">{{Cite book|vauthors=Bailey LB, Caudill MA|title=Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Tenth Edition|chapter=Folate|veditors=Eardman JW Jr, MacDonald IA, Zeisel SH|publisher=ILSI Press/Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|location=Ames, IA|pages=321–342|isbn=978-0-470-95917-6}}</ref> Kubera ko abantu badashobora gukora folate, irakenewe mu mirire, bigatuma iba intungamubiri y'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems|date=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763787127|pages=511|last=Pommerville|first=Jeffrey C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213409/https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Biboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa byinshi.<ref name="lpi" /><ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri Amerika, umuntu mukuru asabwa kurya folate buri munsi ni mikorogarama 400 zivuye mu biribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.<ref name="NIH2016"><{{Cite web |publisher =National Institutes of Health |title =Fact Sheet for Health Professionals – Folate |url =http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/|url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110402200837/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate/|archive-date =2 April 2011 }}</ref> Kutarya folate ihagije bishobora gutera kubura folate.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoko bwa anemia aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba tunini cyane.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, ibisebe bifunguye ku rurimi, n'impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa umusatsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kubura folate mu bana bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cy'ukwezi nyuma yo kurya nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Marino BS, Fine KS|title=Blueprints Pediatrics|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781782517|pages=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, folate y'umubiri isanzwe iri hagati ya 10 na 30&nbsp;mg hamwe n'urugero rw'amaraso ruri hejuru ya 7 nmol/L (3&nbsp;ng/mL).<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi == Folate mu buryo bwa aside folike ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Anemie|indwara yo kubura amaraso]] iterwa no kubura folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Aside folike ikoreshwa kandi nk'inyongera ku bagore mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|batwite]] kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'ubwonko (NTDs) ku mwana.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW|s2cid=205077749|display-authors=6|title=Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=317|issue=2|pages=183–189|date=January 2017|pmid=28097362|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.19438}}</ref> Bikekwa ko urugero ruto mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ari rwo rutera abana barenga kimwe cya kabiri bavukana indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’indwara zidakira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibihugu birenga 80 bikoresha inyunganizi ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe birimo aside folike, byaba ari itegeko cyangwa ku bushake, nk'igipimo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy'indwara ziterwa n'indwara zidakira.<ref name="Wald2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C|title=Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=|pages=2|date=2018|pmid=29450103|pmc=5809909|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6}}</ref> Kongeramo aside folike nyinshi mu gihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kugabanya gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko <ref name="Li2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB|title=Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of the American Heart Association|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e003768|date=August 2016|pmid=27528407|pmc=5015297|doi=10.1161/JAHA.116.003768|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427034202/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate.<ref name="Wien2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wien TN, Pike E, Wisløff T, Staff A, Smeland S, Klemp M|title=Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=2|issue=1|pages=e000653|date=January 2012|pmid=22240654|pmc=3278486|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000653}}</ref> Hari impungenge ko ingano nini ya aside folike ishobora guhisha ibura rya vitamine B₁₂.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Amateka == Folate yavumbuwe hagati ya 1931 na 1943.<ref name="Pond">{{Cite book|last=Pond|first=Wilson G.|last2=Nichols|first2=Buford L.|last3=Brown|first3=Dan L.|title=Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420077544|pages=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbS5FogT1-4C&pg=PA148|language=en|quote=Folic acid's discovery started in 1931...}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy’inyongeramusaruro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.001 na 0.005 by’amadolari ya Amerika kuri dose imwe kugeza mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072805/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ijambo "folic" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini {{Lang|la|[[Wiktionary:folium|folium]]}} (bisobanura ikibabi) kuko byabonekaga mu mboga z'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="Chambers">{{Cite book|title=Chambers Concise Dictionary|date=2004|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788186062364|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Folic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Folate]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] gck4oo4nxdutjz5swyklylsumkbxl0n 149431 149250 2026-11-07T21:26:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Folic acid.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Folate | tradename = Folicet, Folvite | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya, Urushinge mu mutsi, Urushinge munsi y'uruhu | CAS_number = 59-30-3 | ATC_prefix = B03 | ATC_suffix = BB01 | PubChem = 6037 | DrugBank = DB00158 }} '''Folate''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''vitamine B₉''' na '''folacin''', ni imwe muri vitamine B. == Akamaro mu mubiri == [[Dosiye:Folate family.svg|thumb|left|Folate]] Folate, izwi kandi ku izina rya vitamine B₉ na folacin,<ref name="lpi">{{Cite web|title=Folate|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University|access-date=17 March 2018|date=2014|quote=Folate is a water-soluble B-vitamin, which is also known as vitamin B9 or folacin.|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819075234/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate|url-status=live}}</ref> ni imwe muri vitamine B.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 September 2016|date=1 January 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233930/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/folic-acid.html|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Aside folike yakozwe, umubiri uhindura folate, ikoreshwa nk'inyongera mu mirire no mu kongera ibiryo kuko iba ihamye mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyibika.<ref name="Choi2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Choi JH, Yates Z, Veysey M, Heo YR, Lucock M|title=Contemporary issues surrounding folic Acid fortification initiatives|journal=Prev Nutr Food Sci|volume=19|issue=4|pages=247–60|date=December 2014|pmid=25580388|pmc=4287316|doi=10.3746/pnf.2014.19.4.247}}</ref> Folate irakenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukore ADN na RNA kandi ukoreshe aside amine zikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo twigabanye.<ref name="NIH2016" /><ref name="PresentKnowledge">{{Cite book|vauthors=Bailey LB, Caudill MA|title=Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Tenth Edition|url=https://archive.org/details/presentknowledge0000unse_w5h2|chapter=Folate|veditors=Eardman JW Jr, MacDonald IA, Zeisel SH|publisher=ILSI Press/Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|location=Ames, IA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/presentknowledge0000unse_w5h2/page/321 321]–342|isbn=978-0-470-95917-6}}</ref> Kubera ko abantu badashobora gukora folate, irakenewe mu mirire, bigatuma iba intungamubiri y'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems|date=2009|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9780763787127|pages=511|last=Pommerville|first=Jeffrey C.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213409/https://books.google.com/books?id=fedRNr2-UVAC&pg=PA551|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Biboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu biribwa byinshi.<ref name="lpi" /><ref name="NIH2016" /> Muri Amerika, umuntu mukuru asabwa kurya folate buri munsi ni mikorogarama 400 zivuye mu biribwa cyangwa inyongeramusaruro.<ref name="NIH2016"><{{Cite web |publisher =National Institutes of Health |title =Fact Sheet for Health Professionals – Folate |url =http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/|url-status =live |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110402200837/http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate/|archive-date =2 April 2011 }}</ref> Kutarya folate ihagije bishobora gutera kubura folate.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibi bishobora gutera ubwoko bwa anemia aho uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba tunini cyane.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kumva unaniwe, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, ibisebe bifunguye ku rurimi, n'impinduka mu ibara ry'uruhu cyangwa umusatsi.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Kubura folate mu bana bishobora kugaragara mu gihe cy'ukwezi nyuma yo kurya nabi.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Marino BS, Fine KS|title=Blueprints Pediatrics|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780781782517|pages=131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=oqpSRIOcd8MC&pg=PA131|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Ku bantu bakuru, folate y'umubiri isanzwe iri hagati ya 10 na 30&nbsp;mg hamwe n'urugero rw'amaraso ruri hejuru ya 7 nmol/L (3&nbsp;ng/mL).<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi == Folate mu buryo bwa aside folike ikoreshwa mu kuvura [[Anemie|indwara yo kubura amaraso]] iterwa no kubura folike.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Aside folike ikoreshwa kandi nk'inyongera ku bagore mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|batwite]] kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi y'ubwonko (NTDs) ku mwana.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW|s2cid=205077749|display-authors=6|title=Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement|journal=JAMA|volume=317|issue=2|pages=183–189|date=January 2017|pmid=28097362|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.19438}}</ref> Bikekwa ko urugero ruto mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] ari rwo rutera abana barenga kimwe cya kabiri bavukana indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n’indwara zidakira.<ref name="NIH2016" /> Ibihugu birenga 80 bikoresha inyunganizi ku biribwa bimwe na bimwe birimo aside folike, byaba ari itegeko cyangwa ku bushake, nk'igipimo cyo kugabanya igipimo cy'indwara ziterwa n'indwara zidakira.<ref name="Wald2018">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wald NJ, Morris JK, Blakemore C|title=Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate|journal=Public Health Reviews|volume=39|issue=|pages=2|date=2018|pmid=29450103|pmc=5809909|doi=10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6}}</ref> Kongeramo aside folike nyinshi mu gihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kugabanya gato ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko <ref name="Li2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB|title=Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials|journal=Journal of the American Heart Association|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e003768|date=August 2016|pmid=27528407|pmc=5015297|doi=10.1161/JAHA.116.003768|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-date=27 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427034202/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/29407892/5015297.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ya prostate.<ref name="Wien2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wien TN, Pike E, Wisløff T, Staff A, Smeland S, Klemp M|title=Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ Open|volume=2|issue=1|pages=e000653|date=January 2012|pmid=22240654|pmc=3278486|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000653}}</ref> Hari impungenge ko ingano nini ya aside folike ishobora guhisha ibura rya vitamine B₁₂.<ref name="NIH2016" /> == Amateka == Folate yavumbuwe hagati ya 1931 na 1943.<ref name="Pond">{{Cite book|last=Pond|first=Wilson G.|last2=Nichols|first2=Buford L.|last3=Brown|first3=Dan L.|title=Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century|date=2009|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420077544|pages=148|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbS5FogT1-4C&pg=PA148|language=en|quote=Folic acid's discovery started in 1931...}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cy’inyongeramusaruro mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati ya 0.001 na 0.005 by’amadolari ya Amerika kuri dose imwe kugeza mu 2014.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Folic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 September 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072805/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=361&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ijambo "folic" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini {{Lang|la|[[Wiktionary:folium|folium]]}} (bisobanura ikibabi) kuko byabonekaga mu mboga z'icyatsi kibisi.<ref name="Chambers">{{Cite book|title=Chambers Concise Dictionary|date=2004|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788186062364|pages=451|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908213408/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwWuY9tAVq8C&pg=PA451|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Folic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Folate]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] ha7cl9bj4emhdpm2sagkxnrsv0s60pe 0 23972 149231 148873 2026-11-07T19:24:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Clozapine.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Clozapine | tradename = Clozaril n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya | elimination_half-life = 4–26 amasaha | CAS_number = 5786-21-0 | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = AH02 | PubChem = 2818 | DrugBank = DB00363 | C = 18 | H = 19 | Cl = 1 | N = 4 }} '''Clozapine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Clozaril''' n'indi, ni umuti udasanzwe (''atypical'') ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Clozapine-3D-vdW.png|thumb|left|Clozapine]] Clozapine, igurishwa ku izina rya Clozaril n'indi, ni umuti udasanzwe (''atypical'') ugabanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208103801/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/clozapine.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}</ref> Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku ndwara ya schizophrenia idakira nyuma yo gukoresha indi miti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ku barwayi ba schizophrenia n'indwara ya schizoaffective, bishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'imyitwarire yo kwiyahura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ifite akamaro kurusha imiti isanzwe igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ku bantu badakunze kuvurwa.<ref name="Lancet2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, Kissling W, Stapf MP, Lässig B, Salanti G, Davis JM|display-authors=6|title=Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=382|issue=9896|pages=951–62|date=September 2013|pmid=23810019|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Essali A, Al-Haj Haasan N, Li C, Rathbone J|title=Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=1|pages=CD000059|date=January 2009|pmid=19160174|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000059.pub2|pmc=7065592}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Siskind D, McCartney L, Goldschlager R, Kisely S|title=Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=209|issue=5|pages=385–392|date=November 2016|pmid=27388573|doi=10.1192/bjp.bp.115.177261|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ikoreshwa mu kanwa,<ref name="AHFS2015" /> cyangwa mu guterwa imitsi.<ref name="Sus2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im%20cloz%20-%20trust%20protocol%20-v1%20-%200417%20-%20final%200.pdf|title=Protocol for the use of intramuscular (IM) clozapine injection|last=Hewitt|first=Jed|last2=Haste|first2=Jules|date=April 2017|website=Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust|access-date=2019-03-15|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829190554/https://www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/im%20cloz%20-%20trust%20protocol%20-v1%20-%200417%20-%20final%200.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Clozapine ifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo kugira uturemangingo tw'umweru duke (agranulocytosis), ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka bushobora gutera urupfu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, ni byiza ko umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ugenzurwa buri gihe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Izindi ngaruka zikomeye zirimo gucika intege, kubyimba k'umutima, isukari nyinshi mu maraso, [[impatwe]], kandi ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Hart2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hartling L, Abou-Setta AM, Dursun S, Mousavi SS, Pasichnyk D, Newton AS|title=Antipsychotics in adults with schizophrenia: comparative effectiveness of first-generation versus second-generation medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=157|issue=7|pages=498–511|date=October 2012|pmid=22893011|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00525|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="FDA2020">{{Cite web|title=Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz (clozapine): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Strengthens Warning That Untreated Constipation Can Lead to Serious Bowel Problems|url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|website=FDA|access-date=30 January 2020|language=en|date=28 January 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224000510/https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/clozaril-fazaclo-odt-versacloz-clozapine-drug-safety-communication-fda-strengthens-warning-untreated|url-status=live}}</ref> Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'amaraso, umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, kutabona neza no kuzerera.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Indwara ishobora guhoraho yo kwimuka kwa tardive dyskinesia igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 5%.<ref name="Hart2012" /> Uburyo ikora ntabwo busobanutse neza.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Clozapine yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1956, igurishwa ku isoko mu 1972.<ref name="Stat2019">{{Cite journal|last=Haidary|first=HA|last2=Padhy|first2=RK|title=Clozapine|date=January 2019|pmid=30571020|journal=StatPearls}}</ref><ref name="Cri2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crilly J|title=The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis|journal=History of Psychiatry|volume=18|issue=1|pages=39–60|date=March 2007|pmid=17580753|doi=10.1177/0957154X07070335}}</ref> Ni wo muti wa mbere udasanzwe wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.<ref name="Cor2013">{{Cite book|veditors=Li JJ, Corey JJ|chapter=Chapter 7: CNS Drugs|title=Drug discovery practices, processes, and perspectives|date=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118354469|page=248|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=10 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910200344/https://books.google.com/books?id=mIyxO5cLEAcC&pg=PA248|url-status=live}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.05 na 2.10 ku munsi guhera mu 2014.<ref name="Clozapine">{{Cite web|title=Clozapine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072854/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=894&searchYear=2014archive-date=22|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Clozapine|Amafoto ajyanye na Clozapine]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 2n7javecjly0fwylrio3bt9mh2jvxco 0 23973 149323 148872 2026-11-07T20:21:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Loperamide.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Loperamide | tradename = Imodium n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | elimination_half-life = 9–14 amasaha | CAS_number = 53179-11-6 | ATC_prefix = A07 | ATC_suffix = DA03 | PubChem = 3955 | DrugBank = DB00836 | C = 29 | H = 33 | Cl = 1 | N = 2 | O = 2 }} '''Loperamide''', igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango '''cya Imodium''', n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]]. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Loperamide2.svg|thumb|left|Loperamide]] Loperamide, igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango cya Imodium, n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kugabanya inshuro zo [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907231103/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> Ikunze gukoreshwa muri iyi ntego mu ndwara z'igifu, indwara z'amara abyimba, ndetse n'indwara y'amara magufi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite amaraso mu mwanda.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umuti ufatwa unyobwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu nda, [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]], gusinzira, kuruka no kuma mu kanwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira uburozi bwinshi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Umutekano wa Loperamide mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe utwite]] nturasobanuka neza, ariko nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka cyabonetse.<ref name="AG2015">{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> Bisa nkaho ari byiza mu [[konsa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034709/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html|archive-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Ni umuti wa opioid udafata cyane mu mara kandi ntunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko iyo ukoreshejwe ku rugero rusanzwe.<ref name="NCI2015Dic">{{Cite web|title=loperamide hydrochloride|url=http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|website=NCI Drug Dictionary|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907211727/http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911|archive-date=7 September 2015|date=2011-02-02}}</ref> Ikora mu kugabanya imisemburo y'amara.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> == Amateka == Loperamide yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1969 ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1976.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{Cite book|last=Patrick|first=Graham L.|title=An introduction to medicinal chemistry|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199697397|page=644|edition=Fifth|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Pj7xJRuhZxUC&pg=PA644|language=en}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Loperamide iraboneka nk'umuti uhendutse.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref name="Ric2013">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=[Sudbury, Mass.]|isbn=9781449673611|page=217|edition=14|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005322/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zJay-fZCFGgC&pg=PA217|archive-date=5 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Igiciro cy'igurishwa ku giciro kinini mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati US$0.004 na 0.040 kuri dose imwe.<ref name="ERC2015">{{Cite web|title=Loperamide HCL|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095624/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=482&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2016, ikiguzi cyo kugurisha muri Amerika cyari hafi $0.31 kuri dose.<ref name="Medi2016">{{Cite web|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|title=NADAC (National Average Drug Acquisition Cost) Loperamide|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=16 April 2016|quote=Loperamide 2mg Capsule ... 0.33803 [USD] ... 03/23/2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812223345/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Prices/NADAC-National-Average-Drug-Acquisition-Cost-/a4y5-998d|archive-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 351 ukunze kwandikirwa muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga ibihumbi 700.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loperamide Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411201149/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/LoperamideHydrochloride|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Loperamide|Amafoto ajyanye na Loperamide]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] tllyf3qsen5wz5xgpfd36eslj5vn06f 0 23974 149349 148899 2026-11-07T20:53:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Schistosomiasis | image = Schistosomiasis in a child 2.jpg | caption = Umwana urwaye schistosomiasis | synonyms = Bilharzia | field = Indwara zandura | symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, impiswi, amaraso mu nkari | causes = Inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa schistosoma | prevention = Amazi meza, kugabanya ibishwi | medication = Praziquantel | frequency = Abantu miliyoni 252 (2015) | deaths = 4.400 kugeza 200.000 buri mwaka }} '''Schistosomiasis''', izwi kandi nka ''snail fever'' na '''bilharzia''', ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes. == Ibimenyetso == Schistosomiasis, izwi kandi nka ''snail fever'' na bilharzia,<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH|title=Human schistosomiasis|journal=Lancet|volume=383|issue=9936|pages=2253–64|date=June 2014|pmid=24698483|pmc=4672382|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829010728/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61949-2/abstract|archive-date=2014-08-29}}</ref> ni indwara iterwa n'inzoka zo mu bwoko bwa parasites zitwa schistosomes.<ref name="WHO2023">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127060551/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis|archive-date=27 November 2023|language=en|date=1 February 2023}}</ref> Uduce tw'inkari cyangwa amara bishobora kuba byaranduye.<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu nda, [[impiswi]], umwanda uri kuva amaraso, cyangwa amaraso mu nkari.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bamaze igihe kinini banduye bashobora kwangirika k'umwijima, [[Kunanirwa kw'impyiko|impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza]], ubugumba, cyangwa [[kanseri y'uruhago]].<ref name="WHO2023" /> Ku bana, bishobora gutera imikurire mibi no kugorwa no kwiga.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis Fact sheet N°115|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|date=3 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312203924/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs115/en/|archive-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> == Uko yandura n'isuzuma == Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira iyo ikoze mu mazi meza yanduye udukoko.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Izi parasite zikurwa mu bishwi byo mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kuko bakunda gukinira mu mazi yanduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Andi matsinda y’abantu bashobora guhura n’akaga gakomeye arimo abahinzi, abarobyi, n’abantu bakoresha amazi mabi mu buzima bwa buri munsi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iri mu itsinda ry'indwara za helminth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=30 November 2014|date=1 August 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165447/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/schistosomiasis|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Gusuzuma ni ugusanga amagi y'udukoko mu nkari cyangwa mu mwanda w'umuntu.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Bishobora kandi kwemezwa no kubona uturemangingo dutera indwara mu maraso.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi == Uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara burimo kunoza uburyo bwo kubona amazi meza no kugabanya umubare w'ibishwi.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Mu turere aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara, umuti wa praziquantel ushobora gutangwa rimwe mu mwaka ku itsinda ryose.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hagabanuke umubare w'abandura, bityo bigabanye ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Praziquantel ni uburyo bwo kuvura busabwa n'Umuryango [[WHO|w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]] ku bantu bazwiho kwandura.<ref name="WHO2014" /> == Ikwirakwira == Schistosomiasis yibasiwe n’abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 252 ku isi yose mu 2015.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa hagati ya 4.400 na 200.000 bapfa bazize iyo ndwara buri mwaka.<ref name="The2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Thétiot-Laurent SA, Boissier J, Robert A, Meunier B|title=Schistosomiasis chemotherapy|journal=Angewandte Chemie|volume=52|issue=31|pages=7936–56|date=July 2013|pmid=23813602|doi=10.1002/anie.201208390}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka muri Afurika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 700, mu bihugu birenga 70, baba mu turere tugaragaramo iyi ndwara.<ref name="The2013" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Schistosomiasis A major public health problem|url=http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=15 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405213018/http://www.who.int/schistosomiasis/en/|archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> Mu bihugu bishyuha, indwara ya schistosomiasis iza ku mwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya [[Marariya|malariya]] mu ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko zigira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu.<ref name="SCP">{{Cite web|last=The Carter Center|title=Schistosomiasis Control Program|url=http://www.cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|access-date=17 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091015/http://cartercenter.org/health/schistosomiasis/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2008}}</ref> Schistosomiasis igaragara nk'indwara yibasirwa n'iy'ubushyuhe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|publisher=cdc.gov|access-date=28 November 2014|date=6 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|archive-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Schistosomiasis|Amafoto ajyanye na Schistosomiasis]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] g9eiqy2pbc20ke49tesz4p46heweiiv 0 23976 149385 148871 2026-11-07T21:11:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Potassium iodide.jpg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Iyode ya potasiyumu | tradename = Iosat, Thyrosafe n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | CAS_number = 7681-11-0 | ATC_prefix = R05 | ATC_suffix = CA02 | PubChem = 4875 | DrugBank = DB06715 | I = 1 | K = 1 }} '''Iyode ya potasiyumu''' ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png|thumb|left|Iyode ya potasiyumu]] Iyode ya potasiyumu ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire, imiti, n'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Council|first=National Research|last2=Studies|first2=Division on Earth and Life|last3=Research|first3=Board on Radiation Effects|last4=Incident|first4=Committee to Assess the Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear|title=Distribution and Administration of Potassium Iodide in the Event of a Nuclear Incident|date=2004|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=9780309090988|page=10|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918183801/https://books.google.ca/books?id=QcWbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24|archive-date=2017-09-18}}</ref><ref name="St2002">{{Cite book|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|title=A Guide to the Elements|date=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=9780195150261|page=137|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035401/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JVktsSClpVcC&pg=PA137|archive-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> Nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperthyroidism, mu bihe byihutirwa by'imirasire, no kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo ya tiroyide iyo hakoreshejwe ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti ikoresha radiopharmaceuticals.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na sporotrichosis na phycomycosis.<ref name="AHFS2017" /><ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|publisher=World Health Organization|page=[https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse/page/390 390]}}</ref> Nk'inyongera ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite iyode nke mu ndyo.<ref name="St2002" /> Bitangwa n'umunwa.<ref name="AHFS2017">{{Cite web|title=Potassium Iodide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116192447/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/potassium-iodide.html|archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuruka, impiswi, kubabara mu nda, no kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'amacandwe.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], [[Umutwe|kuribwa umutwe]], guterwa n'indwara ya goiter, no [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]].<ref name="WHO2008" /> Nubwo kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bishobora kwangiza umwana, kuyikoresha birasabwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’imirasire.<ref name="AHFS2017" /> Iyode ya potasiyumu ifite formule ya KI.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ensminger|first=Marion Eugene|last2=Ensminger|first2=Audrey H.|title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849389801|page=16|edition=s|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144519/https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=PA16|archive-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> Mu bucuruzi ikorwa mu kuvanga potasiyumu hidroksidi na iyode.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaiho|first=Tatsuo|title=Iodine Chemistry and Applications|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118878651|page=57|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150814/https://books.google.ca/books?id=tWrIBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=2017-08-13}}</ref> == Amateka == Iyode ya potasiyumu yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi kuva nibura mu 1820.<ref name="Or2012">{{Cite book|last=Oriel|first=J. David|title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781447120681|page=87|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035359/https://books.google.ca/books?id=SevjBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87|archive-date=2017-09-14}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe kandi ugurishwa ku giciro cya muganga.<ref name="Ric2015" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], uburyo bwo kuvura buri munsi y'amadolari ya Amerika 25.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=224}}</ref> Iyode ya potasiyumu ikoreshwa kandi mu gushyiramo iyode mu munyu.<ref name="St2002" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Potassium iodide|Amafoto ajyanye na Iyode ya potasiyumu]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] p4g9u4w0b37gz1zslcge5nc1itowt7i 0 23977 149378 148870 2026-11-07T21:09:34Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Metamizole2DACS.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Metamizole | tradename = Analgin, Neo-Melubrina n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mukaya, Urushinge mu mutsi, Mu kibuno | elimination_half-life = 14 iminota | CAS_number = 50567-35-6 | ATC_prefix = N02 | ATC_suffix = BB02 | PubChem = 3111 | DrugBank = DB04817 | C = 13 | H = 17 | N = 3 | O = 4 | S = 1 }} '''Metamizole''', izwi kandi nka '''dipyrone''', ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Metamizole 500mg-1ml vials yellow background.jpg|thumb|left|Metamizole]] Metamizole, izwi kandi nka dipyrone, ni umuti ugabanya ububabare, ugabanya imitsi, kandi ugabanya umuriro. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe indi miti idakora neza.<ref name="EU2021">{{Cite web|title=Metamizole containing medicinal products - referral|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/referrals/metamizole-containing-medicinal-products|website=European Medicines Agency|access-date=2026-11-04|language=en}}</ref> Itangira vuba kandi ingaruka zimara amasaha 8.<ref name="Nik2012">{{Cite journal|last=Nikolova|first=Irina|last2=Tencheva|first2=Jasmina|last3=Voinikov|first3=Julian|last4=Petkova|first4=Valentina|last5=Benbasat|first5=Niko|last6=Danchev|first6=Nikolai|title=Metamizole: A Review Profile of a Well-Known “Forgotten” Drug. Part I: Pharmaceutical and Nonclinical Profile|journal=Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment|date=January 2012|volume=26|issue=6|pages=3329–3337|doi=10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0089}}</ref> Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu kibuno (''suppositoire''), cyangwa mu guterwa urushinge.<ref name="EU2021" /> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kubabara mu nda, no kugira isesemi. Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[Allergique|ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]], harimo na anaphylaxis, hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'umweru duke mu maraso.<ref name="JCP2019">{{Cite journal|last=Lutz|first=Mathias|title=Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature|journal=The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2019|volume=59|issue=11|pages=1433–1442|doi=10.1002/jcph.1512|pmid=31433499|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nubwo bisa nkaho ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita mu ntangiriro, hari impungenge ku gihe cyo gutwita mu nyuma. Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Konsa|cyo konsa]].<ref name="EU2021" /> Iri mu muryango w'imiti ya ampirone. Si opioid ; nubwo amakuru atandukanye ku bijyanye n'uko ari [[Umuti utari umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe|NSAID]].<ref name="Jas2014">{{Cite journal|last=Jasiecka|first=A|last2=Maślanka|first2=T|last3=Jaroszewski|first3=JJ|title=Pharmacological characteristics of metamizole.|journal=Polish journal of veterinary sciences|date=2014|volume=17|issue=1|pages=207-14|doi=10.2478/pjvs-2014-0030|pmid=24724493}}</ref><ref name="Nik2012" /> == Amateka == Metamizole yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1922, ikoreshwa bwa mbere mu buvuzi mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=530|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|language=en|access-date=2020-09-04|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829150746/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA530|url-status=live}}</ref> Igurishwa ku mazina atandukanye y'ubucuruzi. Yakuwe ku isoko mu bihugu byinshi, harimo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] n'Ubwongereza, mu myaka ya za 1960 na 70 bitewe n'ingaruka mbi.<ref name="Aron2009">{{Cite book|last=Aronson|first=Jeffrey K.|title=Meyler's Side Effects of Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs|url=https://archive.org/details/meylerssideeffec0000unse_i3y9|date=2009-12-22|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-093294-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/meylerssideeffec0000unse_i3y9/page/198 198]|language=en}}</ref> Ariko mu 2019 yari ikiboneka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'[[Burayi]] no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Metamizole|Amafoto ajyanye na Metamizole]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] maqsotaf4mzybh79ln2rv0z8eoubv24 0 23978 149258 148897 2026-11-07T19:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Gutakaza umusatsi | image = Alopecia.jpg | caption = Ahantu hadafite umusatsi ku mutwe w'umugabo | synonyms = Alopecia, uruhara | field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu | causes = Imiterere y'umubiri, imisemburo, ubudahangarwa, ihungabana | treatment = Minoxidil, finasteride, kubaga umusatsi | frequency = Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo ku myaka 50 }} '''Gutakaza umusatsi''', bizwi kandi nka '''alopecia''' cyangwa '''uruhara''', bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri. == Ibimenyetso == Gutakaza umusatsi, bizwi kandi nka alopecia cyangwa uruhara, bivuga gutakaza umusatsi mu gice cy'umutwe cyangwa ku mubiri.<ref name="NHS2013">{{Cite web|title=Hair loss|url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|website=NHS Choices|access-date=22 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927020342/http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hair-loss/Pages/Introduction.aspx|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nibura umutwe uba urimo.<ref name="Var2015">{{Cite journal|last=Vary JC|first=Jr|title=Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages--Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis.|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|date=November 2015|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1195–211|pmid=26476248|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003}}</ref> Uburemere bw'umusatsi bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'agace gato kugeza ku mubiri wose.<ref name="DermNet2016">{{Cite web|url=http://dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|title=Hair loss|access-date=2016-08-03|website=DermNet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012752/http://www.dermnetnz.org/hair-nails-sweat/hair-loss.html|archive-date=2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Ubusanzwe nta nkovu cyangwa ububyimba bibaho.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi kuri bamwe bitera ihungabana ryo mu mutwe.<ref name="Nal2016">{{Cite journal|last=Nalluri|first=R|last2=Harries|first2=M|title=Alopecia in general medicine.|journal=Clinical Medicine|date=February 2016|volume=16|issue=1|pages=74–8|pmid=26833522|pmc=4954340|doi=10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74}}</ref> == Impamvu == Ubwoko busanzwe burimo gutakaza umusatsi w’abagabo, gutakaza umusatsi w’abagore, alopecia areata, no kugabanya umusatsi bizwi nka telogen effluvium.<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagabo ni uruvange rw'uturemangingo n'imisemburo y'abagabo ; impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi mu buryo bw'abagore ntabwo isobanutse neza; impamvu yo gutakaza alopecia areata ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ; kandi impamvu yo gutakaza umusatsi bwa telogen effluvium akenshi iba iterwa n'ihungabana ry'umubiri cyangwa iry'imitekerereze.<ref name="Var2015" /> Telogen effluvium ikunze kugaragara nyuma yo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]].<ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara zo gutakaza umusatsi nta kubyimba cyangwa inkovu zirimo gukurura umusatsi, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo imiti ya chimiotherapie, [[VIH/SIDA]], hypothyroidism, hamwe [[Imirire mibi|n'imirire mibi]] harimo no kubura ubutare (''fer'').<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Impamvu zitera gutakaza umusatsi ziterwa n'inkovu cyangwa kubyimba zirimo kwandura ibihumyo, lupus erythematosus, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire, na sarcoidosis.<ref name="Nal2016" /><ref name="Var2015" /> Gusuzuma imisatsi itakaza igice kimwe gishingiye ku bice byafashwe.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Ubuvuzi == Kuvura ipfupfu ry'umusatsi bishobora kuba ari ukwemera gusa iyo ndwara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Uburyo bushobora kugeragezwa burimo imiti ya [[minoxidil]] (cyangwa [[finasteride]] ) no kubaga umusatsi.<ref name="Mc2012">{{Cite journal|last=McElwee|first=K. J.|last2=Shapiro|first2=J. S.|title=Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia|journal=Skin Therapy Letter|volume=17|issue=6|pages=1–4|year=2012|pmid=22735503|url=http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212040921/http://www.skintherapyletter.com/2012/17.6/1.html|archive-date=2015-12-12}}</ref><ref name="Le2008">{{Cite journal|last=Leavitt|first=M.|title=Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery|volume=24|issue=4|pages=414–427|year=2008|pmid=19034818|pmc=|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1102905}}</ref> Alopecia areata ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe inshinge za steroid mu gace kagize ikibazo, ariko izi zigomba gusubirwamo kenshi kugira ngo zigire akamaro.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara.<ref name="Var2015" /> Gutakaza umusatsi ku myaka 50 bireba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagabo na kimwe cya kane cy'abagore.<ref name="Var2015" /> Abantu bagera kuri 2% barwara alopecia areata mu gihe runaka.<ref name="Var2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Alopecia|Amafoto ajyanye na Gutakaza umusatsi]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 2e3l6k906qrc3nw0oin17or6s0obpr6 0 23981 149211 148869 2026-11-07T19:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Tranexam.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Aside Tranexamic | tradename = Cyklokapron n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mutsi, Ku ruhu | elimination_half-life = 3,1 amasaha | CAS_number = 1197-18-8 | ATC_prefix = B02 | ATC_suffix = AA02 | PubChem = 5526 | DrugBank = DB00302 | C = 8 | H = 15 | N = 1 | O = 2 }} '''Aside Tranexamic''' ( '''TXA''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Tranexamic acid (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Tranexamic acid]] Aside Tranexamic ( TXA ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Lancet2017">{{Cite journal|collaboration=WOMAN Trial Collaborators|title=Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=389|issue=10084|pages=2105–2116|date=May 2017|pmid=28456509|pmc=5446563|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara ya angioedema ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw'indwara.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="UK2016">{{Cite web|title=Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=14 December 2016|date=September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184620/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=170|edition=69}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane.<ref name="UK2016" /> Bimwe muri byo birimo impinduka mu miterere y'amabara, hamwe [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]].<ref name="UK2016" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe hamwe n'ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa tamoxifen.<ref name="Hitchings2022">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-83445-2|edition=3rd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|chapter=Tranexamic acid|pages=214-215|access-date=18 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919191521/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubabara mu gifu cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kubaho iyo bitanzwe binyuze mu mitsi.<ref name="Hitchings2022" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko bagomba kwitonda cyane.<ref name="Pro2016" /> Acide Tranexamic isa nkaho ari nziza mu ikoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no [[konsa]].<ref name="UK2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010847/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya fibrinolytic.<ref name="Pro2016">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010816/https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> == Amateka == Aside Tranexamic yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1962 n'abashakashatsi b'Abayapani Shosuke na Utako Okamoto.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|title=Obituary Utako Okamoto|last=Geoff Watts|journal=The Lancet|year=2016|volume=387|issue=10035|pages=2286|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3|pmid=27308678|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=415}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri kwezi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 4.38 na 4.89 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072750/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], uburyo bwo kuvura butwara hagati y’amadolari 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Tranexamic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Aside Tranexamic]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] ahnctwjlu0rayesgmxp5qgle9zp77fk 149407 149211 2026-11-07T21:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Tranexam.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya Aside Tranexamic | tradename = Cyklokapron n'indi | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, Urushinge mu mutsi, Ku ruhu | elimination_half-life = 3,1 amasaha | CAS_number = 1197-18-8 | ATC_prefix = B02 | ATC_suffix = AA02 | PubChem = 5526 | DrugBank = DB00302 | C = 8 | H = 15 | N = 1 | O = 2 }} '''Aside Tranexamic''' ( '''TXA''' ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane. == Ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Tranexamic acid (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Tranexamic acid]] Aside Tranexamic ( TXA ) ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cyangwa gukumira gutakaza amaraso menshi bitewe n'ihungabana rikomeye, kuva amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kubagwa, gukurwaho amenyo, kuva amaraso mu mazuru, no gucura cyane.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="Lancet2017">{{Cite journal|collaboration=WOMAN Trial Collaborators|title=Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Lancet|volume=389|issue=10084|pages=2105–2116|date=May 2017|pmid=28456509|pmc=5446563|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30638-4}}</ref> Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara ya angioedema ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw'indwara.<ref name="BNF69" /><ref name="UK2016">{{Cite web|title=Cyklokapron Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=14 December 2016|date=September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184620/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/16512|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi.<ref name="BNF69">{{Cite book|title=British national formulary: BNF 69|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf69britishnati0000unse/page/170 170]|edition=69}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Ingaruka mbi ni nke cyane.<ref name="UK2016" /> Bimwe muri byo birimo impinduka mu miterere y'amabara, hamwe [[Allergique|n'ingaruka z'ubwivumbure]].<ref name="UK2016" /> Bishobora kongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso, cyane cyane iyo bifashwe hamwe n'ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa tamoxifen.<ref name="Hitchings2022">{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-83445-2|edition=3rd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|language=en|chapter=Tranexamic acid|pages=214-215|access-date=18 September 2023|archive-date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919191521/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XeGEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|url-status=live}}</ref> Kubabara mu gifu cyangwa ibibyimba bishobora kubaho iyo bitanzwe binyuze mu mitsi.<ref name="Hitchings2022" /> Abantu bafite indwara z'impyiko bagomba kwitonda cyane.<ref name="Pro2016" /> Acide Tranexamic isa nkaho ari nziza mu ikoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no [[konsa]].<ref name="UK2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic acid Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010847/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tranexamic-acid.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya fibrinolytic.<ref name="Pro2016">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses|url=https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010816/https://www.drugs.com/pro/tranexamic-acid-injection.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> == Amateka == Aside Tranexamic yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1962 n'abashakashatsi b'Abayapani Shosuke na Utako Okamoto.<ref name="Lancet2016">{{Cite journal|title=Obituary Utako Okamoto|last=Geoff Watts|journal=The Lancet|year=2016|volume=387|issue=10035|pages=2286|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30697-3|pmid=27308678|doi-access=free}}</ref> Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'[[WHO|Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Aside Tranexamic iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=415}}</ref> Igiciro cya buri kwezi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya 4.38 na 4.89 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku buryo bwo kuvura.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|title=Tranexamic Acid|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072750/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1470&searchYear=2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], uburyo bwo kuvura butwara hagati y’amadolari 100 na 200.<ref name="Ric2015" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Tranexamic acid|Amafoto ajyanye na Aside Tranexamic]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] rthcveelqzmx6t03n22r24ztge1c036 0 23986 149428 148865 2026-11-07T21:24:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261107) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 149428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | image = Zopiclone structure.svg | width = 200 | caption = Imiterere ya molekile ya zopiclone | tradename = Imovane, Zimovane n'indi | class = Umuti utera ibitotsi (umuti wa « Z ») | routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa | bioavailability = 75–80% | metabolism = Mu mwijima | elimination_half-life = Amasaha 5 (3,5–6,5) | excretion = Mu nkari (80%) | CAS_number = 43200-80-2 | ATC_prefix = N05 | ATC_suffix = CF01 | PubChem = 5735 | DrugBank = DB01198 | C = 17 | H = 17 | Cl = 1 | N = 6 | O = 3 }} '''Zopiclone''' (izina ry'ubucuruzi: ''Imovane'') ni umuti uvura [[Kubura ibitotsi|ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi]]. Ufatwa mu kanwa. Ugomba gukoreshwa igihe gito gusa. Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985. Ni umuti utera ibitotsi wo mu itsinda ry'imiti yitwa « Z ». Ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, harimo kuba imbata yayo. == Ikoreshwa == [[File:Zopiclone Actavis 5mg.jpg|thumb|left|Ibinini bya Zopiclone]] Zopiclone ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi.<ref name="At2018">{{Cite journal|last=Atkin|first=Tobias|last2=Comai|first2=Stefano|last3=Gobbi|first3=Gabriella|title=Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery|journal=Pharmacological Reviews|date=April 2018|volume=70|issue=2|pages=197–245|doi=10.1124/pr.117.014381|pmid=29487083}}</ref> Igomba gukoreshwa igihe gito. Akenshi ntirenza icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.<ref name="NICE2004">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta77/resources/guidance-on-the-use-of-zaleplon-zolpidem-and-zopiclone-for-the-shortterm-management-of-insomnia-pdf-2294763557317|title=Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia |publisher=NICE|access-date=2012-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713123827/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA077publicinfoenglish.pdf|archive-date=2012-07-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifatwa mu kanwa.<ref name="BNF79">{{Cite book|title=BNF 79 : March 2020.|url=https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join|date=2020|publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society|location=London|isbn=9780857113658|page=[https://archive.org/details/bnf79britishnati0000join/page/504 504]}}</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == Zopiclone ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Umubiri ushobora kuyimenyera. Iyo umuntu ayihagaritse, ibibazo byo kubura ibitotsi bishobora kugaruka vuba. Ishobora gutera kugwa no kuba imbata yayo.<ref name="At2018" /> Izindi ngaruka ni kuma mu kanwa no guhinduka mu myitwarire.<ref name="BNF79" /> Uyu muti ntukwiye gukoreshwa n'abantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhagarara guhumeka mu gihe basinziriye.<ref name="BNF79" /> Iyo uhagaritswe vuba, hashobora kugaragara ibimenyetso byo kuwureka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntukwiye gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, cyane cyane mu mezi ya nyuma. Ushobora guteza ibibazo umwana uvuka.<ref name="BNF79" /> Ntusabwa no mu gihe cyo [[konsa]].<ref name="BNF79" /> == Uko ukora == Zopiclone ni umuti utuma umuntu atuza kandi agasinzira. Ni umwe mu miti yitwa « Z ».<ref name="NICE2004" /> Ikora ku byakira benzodiazepine (''benzodiazepine receptor'').<ref name="Rav2011">{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&pg=PA68 |access-date=5 October 2020|language=en}}</ref> == Amateka == Zopiclone yakozwe mu 1985.<ref name="Rav2011" /> Yatangiye kugurishwa muri [[Kanada]] mu 1990.<ref name="Hol2000">{{Cite journal|last=Holbrook|first=AM|last2=Crowther|first2=R|last3=Lotter|first3=A|last4=Cheng|first4=C|last5=King|first5=D|title=Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.|journal=CMAJ|date=25 January 2000|volume=162|issue=2|pages=225-33|pmid=10674059}}</ref> Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], iboneka nk'umuti usanzwe (''generic''). Mu 2020, imiti y'ukwezi kumwe yatwaraga NHS hafi ipawundi imwe.<ref name="BNF79" /> Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], zopiclone ntigurishwa. Ariko eszopiclone iragurishwa.<ref name="Drugs2020">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|title=Zopiclone consumer information from|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=2013-06-06|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144055/https://www.drugs.com/cons/zopiclone.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Zopiclone ni umuti ugenzurwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza.<ref name="Drugs2020" /><ref name="BNF79" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Zopiclone|Amafoto ya Zopiclone]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Imiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] lmxej2sb9l95iunxcn4lgtubu7003g3 0 24063 149169 2026-11-07T12:51:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Databox | item = Q97622525 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira..." 149169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q97622525 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira imikino === Komite Mpuzamahanga Olempike (CIO) yashakaga igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyo kwakira iyi mikino. Mu 2018, imijyi ine yari ku rutonde: [[Gaborone]] ([[Botswana]]), Dakar ([[Senegali]]), [[Abuja]] ([[Nijeriya]]) na Tunis ([[Tunisiya]]).<ref name="cand">{{Cite web |url=https://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/botswana-nigeria-senegal-and-tunisia-remain-in-race-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-but-tunisian-suspension-remains-unclear/ |title=Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia Remain In Race To Host 2022 Youth Olympics |website=GamesBids.com |date=2018-07-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2018, CIO yatoranyije Senegali. Icyo cyemezo cyafatiwe i [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="sen">{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013134/https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |title=CIO : le Sénégal désigné pour organiser les JOJ-2022 |website=Les Echos |date=2018-10-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Kwimurwa kw'imikino === Mbere, imikino yari iteganyijwe mu 2022. Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, CIO na Senegali byemeje kuyimurira mu 2026. Impamvu ni icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo cyorezo cyatumye amarushanwa menshi ya siporo yimurwa.<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/cio/news/le-senegal-et-le-cio-conviennent-de-reporter-a-2026-les-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2022 |title=Le Sénégal et le CIO conviennent de reporter à 2026 les Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2022 |website=olympics.com |date=2020-07-15 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imitegurire == [[File:Dakar 2026 Summer Youth Olympic Games.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Ikirango cy'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] === Maskoti === [[File:Ayo the Dakar 2026 Lion.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Ayo ubwo yamurikwaga ku mugaragaro]] Maskoti y'iyi mikino ni [[Ayo (maskoti)|Ayo]]. Ayo ni intare nto. Yamuritswe ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, umwaka umwe mbere y'imikino.<ref name="ayo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Indirimbo yemewe === Indirimbo yemewe y'iyi mikino yitwa « Teranga ». Iririmbwa n'umuhanzikazi w'Umunyasenegali Mamy Mbaye. Yamuritswe ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2026.<ref name="ter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/actualite/decouvrez-teranga-la-chanson-officielle-des-joj-dakar-2026 |title=Découvrez "Teranga", la chanson officielle des JOJ Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2026-07-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ijambo « teranga » ni iry'Igiwolofu. Risobanura kwakira abashyitsi neza no gusangira.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web |url=https://aps.sn/teranga-lhymne-des-joj-dakar-2026-symbolise-lhospitalite-le-partage-et-louverture-a-lautre-cojoj/ |title="Teranga", l’hymne des JOJ Dakar 2026, symbolise "l’hospitalité, le partage et l’ouverture à l’autre" (COJOJ) |website=Agence de presse sénégalaise |date=2026-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Ahabera amarushanwa === [[File:DakarPiscine.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Pisine olempike ya Dakar]] Amarushanwa abera ahantu hatatu. Ahantu ha mbere ni Dakar, umurwa mukuru wa Senegali. Ahantu ha kabiri ni [[Diamniadio]], umujyi mushya. Ahantu ha gatatu ni Saly, umujyi w'ubukerarugendo uri ku nyanja.<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20190206-est-le-senegal-trois-ans-jeux-olympiques-jeunesse-2022 |title=Où en est le Sénégal, à trois ans des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse 2022 ? |website=RFI |date=2019-02-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Ahabera amarushanwa amwe n'amwe<ref name="cgtn">{{Cite web |url=https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-03/Senegal-racing-against-time-to-deliver-Africa-s-first-ever-Olympics-1M11XmrQWVW/p.html |title=Senegal racing against time to deliver Africa's first ever Olympics |website=CGTN Africa |date=2026-04-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umujyi !! Ahantu !! Imikino |- | rowspan="2" | Dakar || Sitade Iba Mar Diop || Imikino ngororamubiri, iteramakofe, futsal (amajonjora), rugby y'abakinnyi 7 |- | Ikigo Olempike cya Tour de l'Œuf || Koga, basketball 3x3, Baseball5, skateboard |- | rowspan="2" | [[Diamniadio]] || Sitade Abdoulaye Wade || Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino, kurasa imyambi |- | Dakar Arena || Imikino ya nyuma ya basketball n'iya futsal |} == Imihango == [[File:Chaudron de la flamme olympique des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Diamniadio.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Igikoresho cyakira urumuri olempike i Diamniadio]] Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino wabaye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2026. Wabereye kuri Sitade Abdoulaye Wade, i Diamniadio.<ref name="open">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/dakar-2026-youth-olympic-games-open-in-historic-first-for-africa |title=Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games open in historic first for Africa |website=olympics.com |date=2026-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino izasozwa ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026.<ref name="open" /> == Ibihugu byitabiriye == Abakinnyi baturutse muri komite olempike z'ibihugu 204.<ref name="open" /> Ikipe Olempike y'Impunzi nayo yitabiriye. Ni ubwa mbere iyo kipe yitabira Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Igizwe n'abakinnyi batandatu.<ref name="ref6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/six-athletes-representeront-l-equipe-olympique-des-refugies-aux-joj-de-dakar-2026 |title=Six athlètes représenteront l'équipe olympique des réfugiés aux JOJ de Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri Kamena 2024, CIO yahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y'imikino. Amarushanwa abera mu mikino 25. Indi mikino 10 imenyekanishwa binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Iyo mikino 10 nta marushanwa ayibamo.<ref name="prog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2026-premiers-beneficiaires-de-l-evolution-de-l-approche-adoptee-pour-le-programme-des-sports-aux-joj |title=Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2026 : premiers bénéficiaires de l'évolution de l'approche adoptée pour le programme des sports aux JOJ |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2024, gahunda y'imikino yemejwe. Igizwe n'amarushanwa 151. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagabo. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagore. Amarushanwa 7 ni avanze. Umubare w'abagabo n'uw'abagore uringana.<ref name="quo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/les-epreuves-et-les-quotas-d-athletes-de-dakar-2026-approuves-par-la-commission-executive-du-cio |title=Les épreuves et les quotas d'athlètes de Dakar 2026 approuvés par la commission exécutive du CIO |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Imikino 25 n'umubare w'amarushanwa<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Youth-Olympic-Games/Dakar-2026/2024-12-Dakar-2026-Event-Programme.pdf |title=Official programme of the Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2024-12-05 |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umukino !! Mu Gifaransa !! Amarushanwa |- | Imikino ngororamubiri || Athlétisme || style="text-align:center" | 36 |- | Koga || Natation || style="text-align:center" | 28 |- | Taekwondo || Taekwondo || style="text-align:center" | 11 |- | Iteramakofe || Boxe || style="text-align:center" | 10 |- | Judo || Judo || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Gukirana ku musenyi || Lutte de plage || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Escrime || Escrime || style="text-align:center" | 6 |- | Jimunasitike || Gymnastique artistique || style="text-align:center" | 5 |- | Gusiganwa ku magare || Cyclisme sur route || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Wushu || Wushu || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Kurasa imyambi || Tir à l'arc || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Aviron yo ku nyanja || Aviron de plage || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Tenisi yo ku meza || Tennis de table || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Badminton || Badminton || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 || Basket-ball 3x3 || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Volleyball yo ku musenyi || Beach-volley || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Breaking || Breaking || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Futsal || Futsal || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi || Handball de plage || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 || Rugby à sept || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Skateboard || Skateboard || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Triathlon || Triathlon || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Windsurf || Planche à voile || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Baseball5 || Baseball5 || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- | Kugendera ku mafarasi || Équitation || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo !! 151 |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Amafoto y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] hn9mdirp53vlykbg82l0hc6prz956tr 149170 149169 2026-11-07T13:05:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 149170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q97622525 | levels = 1 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira imikino === Komite Mpuzamahanga Olempike (CIO) yashakaga igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyo kwakira iyi mikino. Mu 2018, imijyi ine yari ku rutonde: [[Gaborone]] ([[Botswana]]), Dakar ([[Senegali]]), [[Abuja]] ([[Nijeriya]]) na Tunis ([[Tunisiya]]).<ref name="cand">{{Cite web |url=https://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/botswana-nigeria-senegal-and-tunisia-remain-in-race-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-but-tunisian-suspension-remains-unclear/ |title=Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia Remain In Race To Host 2022 Youth Olympics |website=GamesBids.com |date=2018-07-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2018, CIO yatoranyije Senegali. Icyo cyemezo cyafatiwe i [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="sen">{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013134/https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |title=CIO : le Sénégal désigné pour organiser les JOJ-2022 |website=Les Echos |date=2018-10-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Kwimurwa kw'imikino === Mbere, imikino yari iteganyijwe mu 2022. Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, CIO na Senegali byemeje kuyimurira mu 2026. Impamvu ni icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo cyorezo cyatumye amarushanwa menshi ya siporo yimurwa.<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/cio/news/le-senegal-et-le-cio-conviennent-de-reporter-a-2026-les-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2022 |title=Le Sénégal et le CIO conviennent de reporter à 2026 les Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2022 |website=olympics.com |date=2020-07-15 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imitegurire == [[File:Dakar 2026 Summer Youth Olympic Games.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Ikirango cy'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] === Maskoti === [[File:Ayo the Dakar 2026 Lion.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Ayo ubwo yamurikwaga ku mugaragaro]] Maskoti y'iyi mikino ni [[Ayo (maskoti)|Ayo]]. Ayo ni intare nto. Yamuritswe ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, umwaka umwe mbere y'imikino.<ref name="ayo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Indirimbo yemewe === Indirimbo yemewe y'iyi mikino yitwa « Teranga ». Iririmbwa n'umuhanzikazi w'Umunyasenegali Mamy Mbaye. Yamuritswe ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2026.<ref name="ter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/actualite/decouvrez-teranga-la-chanson-officielle-des-joj-dakar-2026 |title=Découvrez "Teranga", la chanson officielle des JOJ Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2026-07-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ijambo « teranga » ni iry'Igiwolofu. Risobanura kwakira abashyitsi neza no gusangira.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web |url=https://aps.sn/teranga-lhymne-des-joj-dakar-2026-symbolise-lhospitalite-le-partage-et-louverture-a-lautre-cojoj/ |title="Teranga", l’hymne des JOJ Dakar 2026, symbolise "l’hospitalité, le partage et l’ouverture à l’autre" (COJOJ) |website=Agence de presse sénégalaise |date=2026-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Ahabera amarushanwa === [[File:DakarPiscine.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Pisine olempike ya Dakar]] Amarushanwa abera ahantu hatatu. Ahantu ha mbere ni Dakar, umurwa mukuru wa Senegali. Ahantu ha kabiri ni [[Diamniadio]], umujyi mushya. Ahantu ha gatatu ni Saly, umujyi w'ubukerarugendo uri ku nyanja.<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20190206-est-le-senegal-trois-ans-jeux-olympiques-jeunesse-2022 |title=Où en est le Sénégal, à trois ans des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse 2022 ? |website=RFI |date=2019-02-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2" |+ Ahabera amarushanwa amwe n'amwe<ref name="cgtn">{{Cite web |url=https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-03/Senegal-racing-against-time-to-deliver-Africa-s-first-ever-Olympics-1M11XmrQWVW/p.html |title=Senegal racing against time to deliver Africa's first ever Olympics |website=CGTN Africa |date=2026-04-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umujyi !! Ahantu !! Imikino |- | rowspan="2" | Dakar || Sitade Iba Mar Diop || Imikino ngororamubiri, iteramakofe, futsal (amajonjora), rugby y'abakinnyi 7 |- | Ikigo Olempike cya Tour de l'Œuf || Koga, basketball 3x3, Baseball5, skateboard |- | rowspan="2" | [[Diamniadio]] || Sitade Abdoulaye Wade || Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino, kurasa imyambi |- | Dakar Arena || Imikino ya nyuma ya basketball n'iya futsal |} == Imihango == [[File:Chaudron de la flamme olympique des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Diamniadio.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|Igikoresho cyakira urumuri olempike i Diamniadio]] Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino wabaye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2026. Wabereye kuri Sitade Abdoulaye Wade, i Diamniadio.<ref name="open">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/dakar-2026-youth-olympic-games-open-in-historic-first-for-africa |title=Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games open in historic first for Africa |website=olympics.com |date=2026-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino izasozwa ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026.<ref name="open" /> == Ibihugu byitabiriye == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1.5em" |+ Imikino 25 n'umubare w'amarushanwa<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Youth-Olympic-Games/Dakar-2026/2024-12-Dakar-2026-Event-Programme.pdf |title=Official programme of the Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2024-12-05 |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umukino !! Mu Gifaransa !! Amarushanwa |- | Imikino ngororamubiri || Athlétisme || style="text-align:center" | 36 |- | Koga || Natation || style="text-align:center" | 28 |- | Taekwondo || Taekwondo || style="text-align:center" | 11 |- | Iteramakofe || Boxe || style="text-align:center" | 10 |- | Judo || Judo || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Gukirana ku musenyi || Lutte de plage || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Escrime || Escrime || style="text-align:center" | 6 |- | Jimunasitike || Gymnastique artistique || style="text-align:center" | 5 |- | Gusiganwa ku magare || Cyclisme sur route || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Wushu || Wushu || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Kurasa imyambi || Tir à l'arc || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Aviron yo ku nyanja || Aviron de plage || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Tenisi yo ku meza || Tennis de table || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Badminton || Badminton || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 || Basket-ball 3x3 || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Volleyball yo ku musenyi || Beach-volley || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Breaking || Breaking || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Futsal || Futsal || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi || Handball de plage || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 || Rugby à sept || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Skateboard || Skateboard || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Triathlon || Triathlon || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Windsurf || Planche à voile || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Baseball5 || Baseball5 || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- | Kugendera ku mafarasi || Équitation || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo !! 151 |} Abakinnyi baturutse muri komite olempike z'ibihugu 204.<ref name="open" /> Ikipe Olempike y'Impunzi nayo yitabiriye. Ni ubwa mbere iyo kipe yitabira Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Igizwe n'abakinnyi batandatu.<ref name="ref6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/six-athletes-representeront-l-equipe-olympique-des-refugies-aux-joj-de-dakar-2026 |title=Six athlètes représenteront l'équipe olympique des réfugiés aux JOJ de Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri Kamena 2024, CIO yahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y'imikino. Amarushanwa abera mu mikino 25. Indi mikino 10 imenyekanishwa binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Iyo mikino 10 nta marushanwa ayibamo.<ref name="prog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2026-premiers-beneficiaires-de-l-evolution-de-l-approche-adoptee-pour-le-programme-des-sports-aux-joj |title=Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2026 : premiers bénéficiaires de l'évolution de l'approche adoptée pour le programme des sports aux JOJ |website=olympics.com |date=2024-06-13 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2024, gahunda y'imikino yemejwe. Igizwe n'amarushanwa 151. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagabo. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagore. Amarushanwa 7 ni avanze. Umubare w'abagabo n'uw'abagore uringana.<ref name="quo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/les-epreuves-et-les-quotas-d-athletes-de-dakar-2026-approuves-par-la-commission-executive-du-cio |title=Les épreuves et les quotas d'athlètes de Dakar 2026 approuvés par la commission exécutive du CIO |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino 10 imenyekanishwa ni iyi: canoë, escalade, golf, haltérophilie, hockey, karate, pentathlon moderne, surf, tenisi na tir. Iyo mikino ntihabwa imidari i Dakar.<ref name="prog" /> Imikino ngororamubiri ni yo ifite amarushanwa menshi. Ifite amarushanwa 36. Koga ikurikiraho, ifite amarushanwa 28. Taekwondo ifite amarushanwa 11. Iteramakofe ifite amarushanwa 10.<ref name="pdf" /> Imikino itatu yakinwe bwa mbere mu Mikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Iyo mikino ni wushu, Baseball5 na skateboard.<ref name="star">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/11/01/urgent-4th-youth-olympic-games-opens-in-dakar-senegal |title=Urgent: 4th Youth Olympic Games opens in Dakar, Senegal |website=The Star |date=2026-11-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino myinshi ikinirwa ku musenyi. Ni ko bimeze kuri volleyball, handball no gukirana.<ref name="pdf" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Amafoto y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] snqzf39w44x8lg8kyrxmyjhh2ww2pgx 149171 149170 2026-11-07T13:21:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 149171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q97622525 | levels = 1 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira imikino === [[File:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Ayo, maskoti y'imikino]] Komite Mpuzamahanga Olempike (CIO) yashakaga igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyo kwakira iyi mikino. Mu 2018, imijyi ine yari ku rutonde: [[Gaborone]] ([[Botswana]]), Dakar ([[Senegali]]), [[Abuja]] ([[Nijeriya]]) na Tunis ([[Tunisiya]]).<ref name="cand">{{Cite web |url=https://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/botswana-nigeria-senegal-and-tunisia-remain-in-race-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-but-tunisian-suspension-remains-unclear/ |title=Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia Remain In Race To Host 2022 Youth Olympics |website=GamesBids.com |date=2018-07-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2018, CIO yatoranyije Senegali. Icyo cyemezo cyafatiwe i [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="sen">{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013134/https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |title=CIO : le Sénégal désigné pour organiser les JOJ-2022 |website=Les Echos |date=2018-10-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Kwimurwa kw'imikino === Mbere, imikino yari iteganyijwe mu 2022. Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, CIO na Senegali byemeje kuyimurira mu 2026. Impamvu ni icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo cyorezo cyatumye amarushanwa menshi ya siporo yimurwa.<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/cio/news/le-senegal-et-le-cio-conviennent-de-reporter-a-2026-les-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2022 |title=Le Sénégal et le CIO conviennent de reporter à 2026 les Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2022 |website=olympics.com |date=2020-07-15 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imitegurire == === Maskoti === Maskoti y'iyi mikino ni [[Ayo (maskoti)|Ayo]]. Ayo ni intare nto. Yamuritswe ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, umwaka umwe mbere y'imikino.<ref name="ayo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Indirimbo yemewe === Indirimbo yemewe y'iyi mikino yitwa « Teranga ». Iririmbwa n'umuhanzikazi w'Umunyasenegali Mamy Mbaye. Yamuritswe ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2026.<ref name="ter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/actualite/decouvrez-teranga-la-chanson-officielle-des-joj-dakar-2026 |title=Découvrez "Teranga", la chanson officielle des JOJ Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2026-07-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ijambo « teranga » ni iry'Igiwolofu. Risobanura kwakira abashyitsi neza no gusangira.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web |url=https://aps.sn/teranga-lhymne-des-joj-dakar-2026-symbolise-lhospitalite-le-partage-et-louverture-a-lautre-cojoj/ |title="Teranga", l’hymne des JOJ Dakar 2026, symbolise "l’hospitalité, le partage et l’ouverture à l’autre" (COJOJ) |website=Agence de presse sénégalaise |date=2026-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Ahabera amarushanwa === [[File:DakarPiscine.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Pisine olempike ya Dakar]] Amarushanwa abera ahantu hatatu. Ahantu ha mbere ni Dakar, umurwa mukuru wa Senegali. Ahantu ha kabiri ni [[Diamniadio]], umujyi mushya. Ahantu ha gatatu ni Saly, umujyi w'ubukerarugendo uri ku nyanja.<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20190206-est-le-senegal-trois-ans-jeux-olympiques-jeunesse-2022 |title=Où en est le Sénégal, à trois ans des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse 2022 ? |website=RFI |date=2019-02-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2" |+ Ahabera amarushanwa amwe n'amwe<ref name="cgtn">{{Cite web |url=https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-03/Senegal-racing-against-time-to-deliver-Africa-s-first-ever-Olympics-1M11XmrQWVW/p.html |title=Senegal racing against time to deliver Africa's first ever Olympics |website=CGTN Africa |date=2026-04-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umujyi !! Ahantu !! Imikino |- | rowspan="2" | Dakar || Sitade Iba Mar Diop || Imikino ngororamubiri, iteramakofe, futsal (amajonjora), rugby y'abakinnyi 7 |- | Ikigo Olempike cya Tour de l'Œuf || Koga, basketball 3x3, Baseball5, skateboard |- | rowspan="2" | [[Diamniadio]] || Sitade Abdoulaye Wade || Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino, kurasa imyambi |- | Dakar Arena || Imikino ya nyuma ya basketball n'iya futsal |} == Imihango == [[File:JOJ Dakar 2026 - le groupe Ndawrabine de Bargny.jpg|thumb|left|Urugendo rw'urumuri olempike i Bargny]] Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino wabaye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2026. Wabereye kuri Sitade Abdoulaye Wade, i Diamniadio.<ref name="open">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/dakar-2026-youth-olympic-games-open-in-historic-first-for-africa |title=Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games open in historic first for Africa |website=olympics.com |date=2026-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino izasozwa ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026.<ref name="open" /> == Ibihugu byitabiriye == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1.5em" |+ Imikino 25 n'umubare w'amarushanwa<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Youth-Olympic-Games/Dakar-2026/2024-12-Dakar-2026-Event-Programme.pdf |title=Official programme of the Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2024-12-05 |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umukino !! Mu Gifaransa !! Amarushanwa |- | Imikino ngororamubiri || Athlétisme || style="text-align:center" | 36 |- | Koga || Natation || style="text-align:center" | 28 |- | Taekwondo || Taekwondo || style="text-align:center" | 11 |- | Iteramakofe || Boxe || style="text-align:center" | 10 |- | Judo || Judo || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Gukirana ku musenyi || Lutte de plage || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Escrime || Escrime || style="text-align:center" | 6 |- | Jimunasitike || Gymnastique artistique || style="text-align:center" | 5 |- | Gusiganwa ku magare || Cyclisme sur route || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Wushu || Wushu || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Kurasa imyambi || Tir à l'arc || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Aviron yo ku nyanja || Aviron de plage || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Tenisi yo ku meza || Tennis de table || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Badminton || Badminton || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 || Basket-ball 3x3 || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Volleyball yo ku musenyi || Beach-volley || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Breaking || Breaking || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Futsal || Futsal || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi || Handball de plage || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 || Rugby à sept || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Skateboard || Skateboard || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Triathlon || Triathlon || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Windsurf || Planche à voile || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Baseball5 || Baseball5 || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- | Kugendera ku mafarasi || Équitation || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo !! 151 |} Abakinnyi baturutse muri komite olempike z'ibihugu 204.<ref name="open" /> Ikipe Olempike y'Impunzi nayo yitabiriye. Ni ubwa mbere iyo kipe yitabira Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Igizwe n'abakinnyi batandatu.<ref name="ref6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/six-athletes-representeront-l-equipe-olympique-des-refugies-aux-joj-de-dakar-2026 |title=Six athlètes représenteront l'équipe olympique des réfugiés aux JOJ de Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri Kamena 2024, CIO yahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y'imikino. Amarushanwa abera mu mikino 25. Indi mikino 10 imenyekanishwa binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Iyo mikino 10 nta marushanwa ayibamo.<ref name="prog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2026-premiers-beneficiaires-de-l-evolution-de-l-approche-adoptee-pour-le-programme-des-sports-aux-joj |title=Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2026 : premiers bénéficiaires de l'évolution de l'approche adoptée pour le programme des sports aux JOJ |website=olympics.com |date=2024-06-13 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2024, gahunda y'imikino yemejwe. Igizwe n'amarushanwa 151. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagabo. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagore. Amarushanwa 7 ni avanze. Umubare w'abagabo n'uw'abagore uringana.<ref name="quo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/les-epreuves-et-les-quotas-d-athletes-de-dakar-2026-approuves-par-la-commission-executive-du-cio |title=Les épreuves et les quotas d'athlètes de Dakar 2026 approuvés par la commission exécutive du CIO |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino 10 imenyekanishwa ni iyi: canoë, escalade, golf, haltérophilie, hockey, karate, pentathlon moderne, surf, tenisi na tir. Iyo mikino ntihabwa imidari i Dakar.<ref name="prog" /> Imikino ngororamubiri ni yo ifite amarushanwa menshi. Ifite amarushanwa 36. Koga ikurikiraho, ifite amarushanwa 28. Taekwondo ifite amarushanwa 11. Iteramakofe ifite amarushanwa 10.<ref name="pdf" /> Imikino itatu yakinwe bwa mbere mu Mikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Iyo mikino ni wushu, Baseball5 na skateboard.<ref name="star">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/11/01/urgent-4th-youth-olympic-games-opens-in-dakar-senegal |title=Urgent: 4th Youth Olympic Games opens in Dakar, Senegal |website=The Star |date=2026-11-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino myinshi ikinirwa ku musenyi. Ni ko bimeze kuri volleyball, handball no gukirana.<ref name="pdf" /> == Ingengabihe == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana iminsi buri mukino ukinirwaho. Igaragaza kandi iminsi amarushanwa atanga imidari abera.<ref name="prog-site">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/en/programme-sportif/ |title=Competition Programme |website=Dakar 2026 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> <div style="text-align:center"> {|class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; position:relative; width:90%;" |- |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#00cc33; text-align:center;"|'''OC'''||Umuhango wo gutangiza |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#3399ff; text-align:center;"|●||Amarushanwa |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ffcc00; text-align:center;"|'''1'''||Amarushanwa atanga imidari |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ee3333; text-align:center;"|'''CC'''||Umuhango wo gusoza |} </div> {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; line-height:1.1em; width:90%; text-align:center;" |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Olympic Rings Icon.svg|20px]] Imihango <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#00cc33;"|'''OC''' <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ee3333|'''CC''' <!--Events-->| style="background:#ececec; color:#666" | |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Coastal rowing pictogram.svg|20px]] Aviron yo ku nyanja <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:3x3 basketball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00|'''2''' <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|20px]] Imikino ngororamubiri <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''12''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''14''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''36''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|20px]] Badminton <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Baseball5 pictogram.svg|20px]] Baseball5 <!-- 30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach handball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach volleyball pictogram.svg|20px]] Volleyball yo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|20px]] Iteramakofe <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''10''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Breakdancing pictogram.svg|20px]] Breaking <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg|20px]] Gusiganwa ku magare <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Equestrian pictogram.svg|20px]] Kugendera ku mafarasi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Fencing pictogram.svg|20px]] Escrime <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!--Events-->|'''6''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Futsal pictogram.svg|20px]] Futsal <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|20px]] Jimunasitike <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''5''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Judo pictogram.svg|20px]] Judo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach wrestling pictogram.svg|20px]] Gukirana ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Swimming pictogram.svg|20px]] Koga <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''6''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''28''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Sailing pictogram.svg|20px]] Windsurf <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Rugby sevens pictogram.svg|20px]] Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Skateboarding pictogram.svg|20px]] Skateboard <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|20px]] Tenisi yo ku meza <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Taekwondo pictogram.svg|20px]] Taekwondo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''11''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Archery pictogram.svg|20px]] Kurasa imyambi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Triathlon pictogram.svg|20px]] Triathlon <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Wushu pictogram.svg|20px]] Wushu <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;" ! colspan=2|Amarushanwa atanga imidari <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 9 <!-- 3-->! 16 <!-- 4-->! 9 <!-- 5-->! 10 <!-- 6-->! 6 <!-- 7-->! 4 <!-- 8-->! 20 <!-- 9-->! 20 <!-- 10-->! 23 <!-- 11-->! 6 <!-- 12-->! 15 <!-- 13-->! 5 |rowspan=2|'''151''' |- ! colspan=2|Igiteranyo cyose <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 17 <!-- 3-->! 33 <!-- 4-->! 42 <!-- 5-->! 52 <!-- 6-->! 58 <!-- 7-->! 62 <!-- 8-->! 82 <!-- 9-->! 102 <!-- 10-->! 125 <!-- 11-->! 131 <!-- 12-->! 146 <!-- 13-->! 151 |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Amafoto y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] r2b91me8lqon1ro49donjnvezh31wj8 149274 149171 2026-11-07T20:02:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 149274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q97622525 | levels = 1 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira imikino === [[File:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Ayo, maskoti y'imikino]] Komite Mpuzamahanga Olempike (CIO) yashakaga igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyo kwakira iyi mikino. Mu 2018, imijyi ine yari ku rutonde: [[Gaborone]] ([[Botswana]]), Dakar ([[Senegali]]), [[Abuja]] ([[Nijeriya]]) na Tunis ([[Tunisiya]]).<ref name="cand">{{Cite web |url=https://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/botswana-nigeria-senegal-and-tunisia-remain-in-race-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-but-tunisian-suspension-remains-unclear/ |title=Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia Remain In Race To Host 2022 Youth Olympics |website=GamesBids.com |date=2018-07-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2018, CIO yatoranyije Senegali. Icyo cyemezo cyafatiwe i [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="sen">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |title=CIO : le Sénégal désigné pour organiser les JOJ-2022 |website=Les Echos |date=2018-10-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013134/https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |archive-date=2018-10-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kwimurwa kw'imikino === Mbere, imikino yari iteganyijwe mu 2022. Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, CIO na Senegali byemeje kuyimurira mu 2026. Impamvu ni icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo cyorezo cyatumye amarushanwa menshi ya siporo yimurwa.<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/cio/news/le-senegal-et-le-cio-conviennent-de-reporter-a-2026-les-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2022 |title=Le Sénégal et le CIO conviennent de reporter à 2026 les Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2022 |website=olympics.com |date=2020-07-15 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imitegurire == === Maskoti === Maskoti y'iyi mikino ni [[Ayo (maskoti)|Ayo]]. Ayo ni intare nto. Yamuritswe ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, umwaka umwe mbere y'imikino.<ref name="ayo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Indirimbo yemewe === Indirimbo yemewe y'iyi mikino yitwa « Teranga ». Iririmbwa n'umuhanzikazi w'Umunyasenegali Mamy Mbaye. Yamuritswe ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2026.<ref name="ter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/actualite/decouvrez-teranga-la-chanson-officielle-des-joj-dakar-2026 |title=Découvrez "Teranga", la chanson officielle des JOJ Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2026-07-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ijambo « teranga » ni iry'Igiwolofu. Risobanura kwakira abashyitsi neza no gusangira.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web |url=https://aps.sn/teranga-lhymne-des-joj-dakar-2026-symbolise-lhospitalite-le-partage-et-louverture-a-lautre-cojoj/ |title="Teranga", l’hymne des JOJ Dakar 2026, symbolise "l’hospitalité, le partage et l’ouverture à l’autre" (COJOJ) |website=Agence de presse sénégalaise |date=2026-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Ahabera amarushanwa === [[File:DakarPiscine.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Pisine olempike ya Dakar]] Amarushanwa abera ahantu hatatu. Ahantu ha mbere ni Dakar, umurwa mukuru wa Senegali. Ahantu ha kabiri ni [[Diamniadio]], umujyi mushya. Ahantu ha gatatu ni Saly, umujyi w'ubukerarugendo uri ku nyanja.<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20190206-est-le-senegal-trois-ans-jeux-olympiques-jeunesse-2022 |title=Où en est le Sénégal, à trois ans des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse 2022 ? |website=RFI |date=2019-02-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2" |+ Ahabera amarushanwa amwe n'amwe<ref name="cgtn">{{Cite web |url=https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-03/Senegal-racing-against-time-to-deliver-Africa-s-first-ever-Olympics-1M11XmrQWVW/p.html |title=Senegal racing against time to deliver Africa's first ever Olympics |website=CGTN Africa |date=2026-04-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umujyi !! Ahantu !! Imikino |- | rowspan="2" | Dakar || Sitade Iba Mar Diop || Imikino ngororamubiri, iteramakofe, futsal (amajonjora), rugby y'abakinnyi 7 |- | Ikigo Olempike cya Tour de l'Œuf || Koga, basketball 3x3, Baseball5, skateboard |- | rowspan="2" | [[Diamniadio]] || Sitade Abdoulaye Wade || Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino, kurasa imyambi |- | Dakar Arena || Imikino ya nyuma ya basketball n'iya futsal |} == Imihango == [[File:JOJ Dakar 2026 - le groupe Ndawrabine de Bargny.jpg|thumb|left|Urugendo rw'urumuri olempike i Bargny]] Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino wabaye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2026. Wabereye kuri Sitade Abdoulaye Wade, i Diamniadio.<ref name="open">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/dakar-2026-youth-olympic-games-open-in-historic-first-for-africa |title=Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games open in historic first for Africa |website=olympics.com |date=2026-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino izasozwa ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026.<ref name="open" /> == Ibihugu byitabiriye == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1.5em" |+ Imikino 25 n'umubare w'amarushanwa<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Youth-Olympic-Games/Dakar-2026/2024-12-Dakar-2026-Event-Programme.pdf |title=Official programme of the Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2024-12-05 |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umukino !! Mu Gifaransa !! Amarushanwa |- | Imikino ngororamubiri || Athlétisme || style="text-align:center" | 36 |- | Koga || Natation || style="text-align:center" | 28 |- | Taekwondo || Taekwondo || style="text-align:center" | 11 |- | Iteramakofe || Boxe || style="text-align:center" | 10 |- | Judo || Judo || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Gukirana ku musenyi || Lutte de plage || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Escrime || Escrime || style="text-align:center" | 6 |- | Jimunasitike || Gymnastique artistique || style="text-align:center" | 5 |- | Gusiganwa ku magare || Cyclisme sur route || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Wushu || Wushu || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Kurasa imyambi || Tir à l'arc || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Aviron yo ku nyanja || Aviron de plage || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Tenisi yo ku meza || Tennis de table || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Badminton || Badminton || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 || Basket-ball 3x3 || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Volleyball yo ku musenyi || Beach-volley || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Breaking || Breaking || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Futsal || Futsal || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi || Handball de plage || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 || Rugby à sept || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Skateboard || Skateboard || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Triathlon || Triathlon || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Windsurf || Planche à voile || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Baseball5 || Baseball5 || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- | Kugendera ku mafarasi || Équitation || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo !! 151 |} Abakinnyi baturutse muri komite olempike z'ibihugu 204.<ref name="open" /> Ikipe Olempike y'Impunzi nayo yitabiriye. Ni ubwa mbere iyo kipe yitabira Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Igizwe n'abakinnyi batandatu.<ref name="ref6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/six-athletes-representeront-l-equipe-olympique-des-refugies-aux-joj-de-dakar-2026 |title=Six athlètes représenteront l'équipe olympique des réfugiés aux JOJ de Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri Kamena 2024, CIO yahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y'imikino. Amarushanwa abera mu mikino 25. Indi mikino 10 imenyekanishwa binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Iyo mikino 10 nta marushanwa ayibamo.<ref name="prog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2026-premiers-beneficiaires-de-l-evolution-de-l-approche-adoptee-pour-le-programme-des-sports-aux-joj |title=Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2026 : premiers bénéficiaires de l'évolution de l'approche adoptée pour le programme des sports aux JOJ |website=olympics.com |date=2024-06-13 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2024, gahunda y'imikino yemejwe. Igizwe n'amarushanwa 151. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagabo. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagore. Amarushanwa 7 ni avanze. Umubare w'abagabo n'uw'abagore uringana.<ref name="quo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/les-epreuves-et-les-quotas-d-athletes-de-dakar-2026-approuves-par-la-commission-executive-du-cio |title=Les épreuves et les quotas d'athlètes de Dakar 2026 approuvés par la commission exécutive du CIO |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino 10 imenyekanishwa ni iyi: canoë, escalade, golf, haltérophilie, hockey, karate, pentathlon moderne, surf, tenisi na tir. Iyo mikino ntihabwa imidari i Dakar.<ref name="prog" /> Imikino ngororamubiri ni yo ifite amarushanwa menshi. Ifite amarushanwa 36. Koga ikurikiraho, ifite amarushanwa 28. Taekwondo ifite amarushanwa 11. Iteramakofe ifite amarushanwa 10.<ref name="pdf" /> Imikino itatu yakinwe bwa mbere mu Mikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Iyo mikino ni wushu, Baseball5 na skateboard.<ref name="star">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/11/01/urgent-4th-youth-olympic-games-opens-in-dakar-senegal |title=Urgent: 4th Youth Olympic Games opens in Dakar, Senegal |website=The Star |date=2026-11-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino myinshi ikinirwa ku musenyi. Ni ko bimeze kuri volleyball, handball no gukirana.<ref name="pdf" /> == Ingengabihe == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana iminsi buri mukino ukinirwaho. Igaragaza kandi iminsi amarushanwa atanga imidari abera.<ref name="prog-site">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/en/programme-sportif/ |title=Competition Programme |website=Dakar 2026 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> <div style="text-align:center"> {|class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; position:relative; width:90%;" |- |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#00cc33; text-align:center;"|'''OC'''||Umuhango wo gutangiza |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#3399ff; text-align:center;"|●||Amarushanwa |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ffcc00; text-align:center;"|'''1'''||Amarushanwa atanga imidari |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ee3333; text-align:center;"|'''CC'''||Umuhango wo gusoza |} </div> {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; line-height:1.1em; width:90%; text-align:center;" |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Olympic Rings Icon.svg|20px]] Imihango <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#00cc33;"|'''OC''' <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ee3333|'''CC''' <!--Events-->| style="background:#ececec; color:#666" | |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Coastal rowing pictogram.svg|20px]] Aviron yo ku nyanja <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:3x3 basketball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00|'''2''' <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|20px]] Imikino ngororamubiri <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''12''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''14''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''36''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|20px]] Badminton <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Baseball5 pictogram.svg|20px]] Baseball5 <!-- 30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach handball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach volleyball pictogram.svg|20px]] Volleyball yo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|20px]] Iteramakofe <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''10''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Breakdancing pictogram.svg|20px]] Breaking <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg|20px]] Gusiganwa ku magare <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Equestrian pictogram.svg|20px]] Kugendera ku mafarasi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Fencing pictogram.svg|20px]] Escrime <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!--Events-->|'''6''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Futsal pictogram.svg|20px]] Futsal <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|20px]] Jimunasitike <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''5''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Judo pictogram.svg|20px]] Judo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach wrestling pictogram.svg|20px]] Gukirana ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Swimming pictogram.svg|20px]] Koga <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''6''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''28''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Sailing pictogram.svg|20px]] Windsurf <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Rugby sevens pictogram.svg|20px]] Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Skateboarding pictogram.svg|20px]] Skateboard <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|20px]] Tenisi yo ku meza <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Taekwondo pictogram.svg|20px]] Taekwondo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''11''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Archery pictogram.svg|20px]] Kurasa imyambi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Triathlon pictogram.svg|20px]] Triathlon <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Wushu pictogram.svg|20px]] Wushu <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;" ! colspan=2|Amarushanwa atanga imidari <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 9 <!-- 3-->! 16 <!-- 4-->! 9 <!-- 5-->! 10 <!-- 6-->! 6 <!-- 7-->! 4 <!-- 8-->! 20 <!-- 9-->! 20 <!-- 10-->! 23 <!-- 11-->! 6 <!-- 12-->! 15 <!-- 13-->! 5 |rowspan=2|'''151''' |- ! colspan=2|Igiteranyo cyose <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 17 <!-- 3-->! 33 <!-- 4-->! 42 <!-- 5-->! 52 <!-- 6-->! 58 <!-- 7-->! 62 <!-- 8-->! 82 <!-- 9-->! 102 <!-- 10-->! 125 <!-- 11-->! 131 <!-- 12-->! 146 <!-- 13-->! 151 |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Amafoto y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] 5aekl9kokqujs9ft0vkw5v1tco9nc4f 149541 149274 2026-11-08T10:02:04Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing DakarPiscine.jpg with [[File:Piscine_olympique_-_Dakar_2026.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). 149541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox | item = Q97622525 | levels = 1 }} '''Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026''' ni inshuro ya kane y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi. Iyi mikino ibera muri [[Senegali]], kuva ku wa 31 Ukwakira kugeza ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026. Ibera ahantu hatatu: i Dakar, i [[Diamniadio]] n'i Saly. Ni ubwa mbere imikino Olempike ibera ku mugabane wa Afurika. Abakinnyi bagera ku 2 650 bayitabiriye. Bakina amarushanwa 151 mu mikino 25. == Amateka == === Gutoranya igihugu kizakira imikino === [[File:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Ayo, maskoti y'imikino]] Komite Mpuzamahanga Olempike (CIO) yashakaga igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyo kwakira iyi mikino. Mu 2018, imijyi ine yari ku rutonde: [[Gaborone]] ([[Botswana]]), Dakar ([[Senegali]]), [[Abuja]] ([[Nijeriya]]) na Tunis ([[Tunisiya]]).<ref name="cand">{{Cite web |url=https://gamesbids.com/eng/youth-olympic-bids/botswana-nigeria-senegal-and-tunisia-remain-in-race-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-but-tunisian-suspension-remains-unclear/ |title=Botswana, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia Remain In Race To Host 2022 Youth Olympics |website=GamesBids.com |date=2018-07-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2018, CIO yatoranyije Senegali. Icyo cyemezo cyafatiwe i [[Buenos Aires]].<ref name="sen">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |title=CIO : le Sénégal désigné pour organiser les JOJ-2022 |website=Les Echos |date=2018-10-08 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013134/https://www.lesechos.fr/sport/omnisport/afp-00662442-cio-le-senegal-designe-pour-organiser-les-joj-2022-2211845.php |archive-date=2018-10-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kwimurwa kw'imikino === Mbere, imikino yari iteganyijwe mu 2022. Ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2020, CIO na Senegali byemeje kuyimurira mu 2026. Impamvu ni icyorezo cya COVID-19. Icyo cyorezo cyatumye amarushanwa menshi ya siporo yimurwa.<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |url=https://olympics.com/cio/news/le-senegal-et-le-cio-conviennent-de-reporter-a-2026-les-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2022 |title=Le Sénégal et le CIO conviennent de reporter à 2026 les Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2022 |website=olympics.com |date=2020-07-15 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imitegurire == === Maskoti === Maskoti y'iyi mikino ni [[Ayo (maskoti)|Ayo]]. Ayo ni intare nto. Yamuritswe ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, umwaka umwe mbere y'imikino.<ref name="ayo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Indirimbo yemewe === Indirimbo yemewe y'iyi mikino yitwa « Teranga ». Iririmbwa n'umuhanzikazi w'Umunyasenegali Mamy Mbaye. Yamuritswe ku wa 23 Nyakanga 2026.<ref name="ter">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/actualite/decouvrez-teranga-la-chanson-officielle-des-joj-dakar-2026 |title=Découvrez "Teranga", la chanson officielle des JOJ Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2026-07-23 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Ijambo « teranga » ni iry'Igiwolofu. Risobanura kwakira abashyitsi neza no gusangira.<ref name="aps">{{Cite web |url=https://aps.sn/teranga-lhymne-des-joj-dakar-2026-symbolise-lhospitalite-le-partage-et-louverture-a-lautre-cojoj/ |title="Teranga", l’hymne des JOJ Dakar 2026, symbolise "l’hospitalité, le partage et l’ouverture à l’autre" (COJOJ) |website=Agence de presse sénégalaise |date=2026-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> === Ahabera amarushanwa === [[File:Piscine olympique - Dakar 2026.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Pisine olempike ya Dakar]] Amarushanwa abera ahantu hatatu. Ahantu ha mbere ni Dakar, umurwa mukuru wa Senegali. Ahantu ha kabiri ni [[Diamniadio]], umujyi mushya. Ahantu ha gatatu ni Saly, umujyi w'ubukerarugendo uri ku nyanja.<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfi.fr/sports/20190206-est-le-senegal-trois-ans-jeux-olympiques-jeunesse-2022 |title=Où en est le Sénégal, à trois ans des Jeux olympiques de la jeunesse 2022 ? |website=RFI |date=2019-02-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2" |+ Ahabera amarushanwa amwe n'amwe<ref name="cgtn">{{Cite web |url=https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-04-03/Senegal-racing-against-time-to-deliver-Africa-s-first-ever-Olympics-1M11XmrQWVW/p.html |title=Senegal racing against time to deliver Africa's first ever Olympics |website=CGTN Africa |date=2026-04-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umujyi !! Ahantu !! Imikino |- | rowspan="2" | Dakar || Sitade Iba Mar Diop || Imikino ngororamubiri, iteramakofe, futsal (amajonjora), rugby y'abakinnyi 7 |- | Ikigo Olempike cya Tour de l'Œuf || Koga, basketball 3x3, Baseball5, skateboard |- | rowspan="2" | [[Diamniadio]] || Sitade Abdoulaye Wade || Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino, kurasa imyambi |- | Dakar Arena || Imikino ya nyuma ya basketball n'iya futsal |} == Imihango == [[File:JOJ Dakar 2026 - le groupe Ndawrabine de Bargny.jpg|thumb|left|Urugendo rw'urumuri olempike i Bargny]] Umuhango wo gutangiza imikino wabaye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2026. Wabereye kuri Sitade Abdoulaye Wade, i Diamniadio.<ref name="open">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/dakar-2026-youth-olympic-games-open-in-historic-first-for-africa |title=Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games open in historic first for Africa |website=olympics.com |date=2026-10-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino izasozwa ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2026.<ref name="open" /> == Ibihugu byitabiriye == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:1.2; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1.5em" |+ Imikino 25 n'umubare w'amarushanwa<ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Youth-Olympic-Games/Dakar-2026/2024-12-Dakar-2026-Event-Programme.pdf |title=Official programme of the Youth Olympic Games Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |date=2024-12-05 |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> ! Umukino !! Mu Gifaransa !! Amarushanwa |- | Imikino ngororamubiri || Athlétisme || style="text-align:center" | 36 |- | Koga || Natation || style="text-align:center" | 28 |- | Taekwondo || Taekwondo || style="text-align:center" | 11 |- | Iteramakofe || Boxe || style="text-align:center" | 10 |- | Judo || Judo || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Gukirana ku musenyi || Lutte de plage || style="text-align:center" | 8 |- | Escrime || Escrime || style="text-align:center" | 6 |- | Jimunasitike || Gymnastique artistique || style="text-align:center" | 5 |- | Gusiganwa ku magare || Cyclisme sur route || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Wushu || Wushu || style="text-align:center" | 4 |- | Kurasa imyambi || Tir à l'arc || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Aviron yo ku nyanja || Aviron de plage || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Tenisi yo ku meza || Tennis de table || style="text-align:center" | 3 |- | Badminton || Badminton || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 || Basket-ball 3x3 || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Volleyball yo ku musenyi || Beach-volley || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Breaking || Breaking || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Futsal || Futsal || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi || Handball de plage || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 || Rugby à sept || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Skateboard || Skateboard || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Triathlon || Triathlon || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Windsurf || Planche à voile || style="text-align:center" | 2 |- | Baseball5 || Baseball5 || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- | Kugendera ku mafarasi || Équitation || style="text-align:center" | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo !! 151 |} Abakinnyi baturutse muri komite olempike z'ibihugu 204.<ref name="open" /> Ikipe Olempike y'Impunzi nayo yitabiriye. Ni ubwa mbere iyo kipe yitabira Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Igizwe n'abakinnyi batandatu.<ref name="ref6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/six-athletes-representeront-l-equipe-olympique-des-refugies-aux-joj-de-dakar-2026 |title=Six athlètes représenteront l'équipe olympique des réfugiés aux JOJ de Dakar 2026 |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> == Imikino == Muri Kamena 2024, CIO yahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda y'imikino. Amarushanwa abera mu mikino 25. Indi mikino 10 imenyekanishwa binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Iyo mikino 10 nta marushanwa ayibamo.<ref name="prog">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-de-dakar-2026-premiers-beneficiaires-de-l-evolution-de-l-approche-adoptee-pour-le-programme-des-sports-aux-joj |title=Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse de Dakar 2026 : premiers bénéficiaires de l'évolution de l'approche adoptée pour le programme des sports aux JOJ |website=olympics.com |date=2024-06-13 |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2024, gahunda y'imikino yemejwe. Igizwe n'amarushanwa 151. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagabo. Amarushanwa 72 ni ay'abagore. Amarushanwa 7 ni avanze. Umubare w'abagabo n'uw'abagore uringana.<ref name="quo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/les-epreuves-et-les-quotas-d-athletes-de-dakar-2026-approuves-par-la-commission-executive-du-cio |title=Les épreuves et les quotas d'athlètes de Dakar 2026 approuvés par la commission exécutive du CIO |website=olympics.com |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino 10 imenyekanishwa ni iyi: canoë, escalade, golf, haltérophilie, hockey, karate, pentathlon moderne, surf, tenisi na tir. Iyo mikino ntihabwa imidari i Dakar.<ref name="prog" /> Imikino ngororamubiri ni yo ifite amarushanwa menshi. Ifite amarushanwa 36. Koga ikurikiraho, ifite amarushanwa 28. Taekwondo ifite amarushanwa 11. Iteramakofe ifite amarushanwa 10.<ref name="pdf" /> Imikino itatu yakinwe bwa mbere mu Mikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko. Iyo mikino ni wushu, Baseball5 na skateboard.<ref name="star">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2026/11/01/urgent-4th-youth-olympic-games-opens-in-dakar-senegal |title=Urgent: 4th Youth Olympic Games opens in Dakar, Senegal |website=The Star |date=2026-11-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> Imikino myinshi ikinirwa ku musenyi. Ni ko bimeze kuri volleyball, handball no gukirana.<ref name="pdf" /> == Ingengabihe == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira yerekana iminsi buri mukino ukinirwaho. Igaragaza kandi iminsi amarushanwa atanga imidari abera.<ref name="prog-site">{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026/en/programme-sportif/ |title=Competition Programme |website=Dakar 2026 |language=en |access-date=2026-11-07}}</ref> <div style="text-align:center"> {|class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; position:relative; width:90%;" |- |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#00cc33; text-align:center;"|'''OC'''||Umuhango wo gutangiza |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#3399ff; text-align:center;"|●||Amarushanwa |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ffcc00; text-align:center;"|'''1'''||Amarushanwa atanga imidari |style="width:2.5em; background-color:#ee3333; text-align:center;"|'''CC'''||Umuhango wo gusoza |} </div> {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:75%; line-height:1.1em; width:90%; text-align:center;" |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Olympic Rings Icon.svg|20px]] Imihango <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#00cc33;"|'''OC''' <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ee3333|'''CC''' <!--Events-->| style="background:#ececec; color:#666" | |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Coastal rowing pictogram.svg|20px]] Aviron yo ku nyanja <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:3x3 basketball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’agatebo]] 3x3 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00|'''2''' <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|20px]] Imikino ngororamubiri <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''12''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''14''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''36''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|20px]] Badminton <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Baseball5 pictogram.svg|20px]] Baseball5 <!-- 30-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach handball pictogram.svg|20px]] [[Umupira w’intoke]] wo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach volleyball pictogram.svg|20px]] Volleyball yo ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|20px]] Iteramakofe <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''10''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''10''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Breakdancing pictogram.svg|20px]] Breaking <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg|20px]] Gusiganwa ku magare <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Equestrian pictogram.svg|20px]] Kugendera ku mafarasi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''1''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Fencing pictogram.svg|20px]] Escrime <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!--Events-->|'''6''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Futsal pictogram.svg|20px]] Futsal <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg|20px]] Jimunasitike <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''5''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Judo pictogram.svg|20px]] Judo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Beach wrestling pictogram.svg|20px]] Gukirana ku musenyi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''8''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Swimming pictogram.svg|20px]] Koga <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''5''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''6''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''28''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Sailing pictogram.svg|20px]] Windsurf <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Rugby sevens pictogram.svg|20px]] Rugby y'abakinnyi 7 <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Skateboarding pictogram.svg|20px]] Skateboard <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Table tennis pictogram.svg|20px]] Tenisi yo ku meza <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 4-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Taekwondo pictogram.svg|20px]] Taekwondo <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''2''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 11-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''3''' <!-- 12-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''11''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Archery pictogram.svg|20px]] Kurasa imyambi <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 7-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 8-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 9-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 10-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''3''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Triathlon pictogram.svg|20px]] Triathlon <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->| <!-- 2-->| <!-- 3-->| <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 6-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''1''' <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''2''' |- <!-- Sport-->|align="left" colspan=2|[[File:Wushu pictogram.svg|20px]] Wushu <!-- 30-->| <!-- 31-->| <!-- 1-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 2-->|style="background-color:#3399ff"|● <!-- 3-->|style="background-color:#ffcc00"|'''4''' <!-- 4-->| <!-- 5-->| <!-- 6-->| <!-- 7-->| <!-- 8-->| <!-- 9-->| <!-- 10-->| <!-- 11-->| <!-- 12-->| <!-- 13-->| <!--Events-->|'''4''' |- style="text-align:center;line-height:1em;" ! colspan=2|Amarushanwa atanga imidari <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 9 <!-- 3-->! 16 <!-- 4-->! 9 <!-- 5-->! 10 <!-- 6-->! 6 <!-- 7-->! 4 <!-- 8-->! 20 <!-- 9-->! 20 <!-- 10-->! 23 <!-- 11-->! 6 <!-- 12-->! 15 <!-- 13-->! 5 |rowspan=2|'''151''' |- ! colspan=2|Igiteranyo cyose <!-- 30-->! 0 <!-- 31-->! 0 <!-- 1-->! 8 <!-- 2-->! 17 <!-- 3-->! 33 <!-- 4-->! 42 <!-- 5-->! 52 <!-- 6-->! 58 <!-- 7-->! 62 <!-- 8-->! 82 <!-- 9-->! 102 <!-- 10-->! 125 <!-- 11-->! 131 <!-- 12-->! 146 <!-- 13-->! 151 |- !style=width:18%; colspan=2 rowspan=2|2026 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|30 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|31 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|1 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|2 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|3 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|4 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|5 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|6 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|7 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|8 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|9 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|10 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|11 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|12 !class="unsortable" style="width:4%;"|13 !style=width:6%; rowspan=2|Amarushanwa |- !colspan=2|Ukwakira !colspan=13|Ugushyingo |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:2026 Summer Youth Olympics|Amafoto y'Imikino Olempike y'Urubyiruko ya 2026]] kuri Wikimedia Commons [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Senegali]] 9zj3320uocxgj7l8jef5z6xzixe1cp3 10 24064 149173 2026-11-07T17:41:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Agulhas|Agulhas]] * [[Pariki ya ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld|ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld]] * [[Pariki ya Bontebok|Bontebok]] * [[Pariki ya Camdeboo|Camdeboo]] * [[Pariki y'Augrabies Falls|Augrabies Falls]] * [[Pariki ya West Coast|West Coast]] * [..." 149173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Agulhas|Agulhas]] * [[Pariki ya ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld|ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld]] * [[Pariki ya Bontebok|Bontebok]] * [[Pariki ya Camdeboo|Camdeboo]] * [[Pariki y'Augrabies Falls|Augrabies Falls]] * [[Pariki ya West Coast|West Coast]] * [[Pariki y'Addo Elephant|Addo Elephant]] * [[Pariki ya Golden Gate Highlands|Golden Gate Highlands]] * [[Pariki ya Karoo|Karoo]] * [[Pariki ya Kgalagadi|Kgalagadi]] * [[Pariki ya Kruger|Kruger]] * [[Pariki ya Mapungubwe|Mapungubwe]] * [[Pariki ya Marakele|Marakele]] * [[Pariki ya Mokala|Mokala]] * [[Pariki ya Table Mountain|Table Mountain]] * [[Pariki ya Namaqua|Namaqua]] * [[Pariki ya Tankwa Karoo|Tankwa Karoo]] * [[Pariki ya Garden Route|Garden Route]] * [[Pariki ya Mountain Zebra|Mountain Zebra]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Afurika y'Epfo}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 0t95fmol8qz0myy1sp153xya0auv2lf 10 24065 149175 2026-11-07T17:42:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Ahaggar|Ahaggar]] * [[Pariki ya Belezma|Belezma]] * [[Pariki ya Chréa|Chréa]] * [[Pariki ya Djebel Aissa|Djebel Aissa]] * [[Pariki ya Djurdjura|Djurdjura]] * [[Pariki y'El Kala|El Kala]] * [[Pariki ya Gouraya|Gouraya]] * Pariki ya Tassili|Tassi..." 149175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Ahaggar|Ahaggar]] * [[Pariki ya Belezma|Belezma]] * [[Pariki ya Chréa|Chréa]] * [[Pariki ya Djebel Aissa|Djebel Aissa]] * [[Pariki ya Djurdjura|Djurdjura]] * [[Pariki y'El Kala|El Kala]] * [[Pariki ya Gouraya|Gouraya]] * [[Pariki ya Tassili|Tassili]] * [[Pariki ya Taza|Taza]] * [[Pariki ya Théniet El Had|Théniet El Had]] * [[Pariki ya Tlemcen|Tlemcen]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Aligeriya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Aligeriya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> boj0ovmravxtssbu35m7jrumnvjomys 10 24066 149176 2026-11-07T18:11:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Cameia|Cameia]] * [[Pariki ya Cangandala|Cangandala]] * [[Pariki ya Bicuari|Bicuari]] * [[Pariki y'Iona|Iona]] * [[Pariki ya Quiçama|Quiçama]] * [[Pariki ya Luengue-Luiana|Luengue-Luiana]] * [[Pariki ya Mavinga|Mavinga]] * [[Pariki ya Mupa|Mupa]] * ..." 149176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Cameia|Cameia]] * [[Pariki ya Cangandala|Cangandala]] * [[Pariki ya Bicuari|Bicuari]] * [[Pariki y'Iona|Iona]] * [[Pariki ya Quiçama|Quiçama]] * [[Pariki ya Luengue-Luiana|Luengue-Luiana]] * [[Pariki ya Mavinga|Mavinga]] * [[Pariki ya Mupa|Mupa]] * [[Pariki ya Kavango–Zambezi|Kavango–Zambezi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Angola, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Angola}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 71ky6g4zck1zbtox6e51yq6941ika3h 10 24067 149177 2026-11-07T18:21:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kibira|Kibira]] * [[Pariki ya Rusizi|Rusizi]] * [[Pariki ya Ruvubu|Ruvubu]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Uburundi, nyuma y'igice cy'amash..." 149177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kibira|Kibira]] * [[Pariki ya Rusizi|Rusizi]] * [[Pariki ya Ruvubu|Ruvubu]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Uburundi, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Uburundi}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 90ao9amw57e2eq0rp7ynwwmidoxdija 10 24068 149178 2026-11-07T18:28:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bakossi|Bakossi]] * [[Pariki ya Bénoué|Bénoué]] * [[Pariki ya Bouba Njida|Bouba Njida]] * [[Pariki ya Boumba-Bek|Boumba-Bek]] * [[Pariki ya Campo Ma'an|Campo Ma'an]] * [[Pariki ya Deng Deng|Deng Deng]] * Pariki ya Douala-Édéa|Douala-Édéa..." 149178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bakossi|Bakossi]] * [[Pariki ya Bénoué|Bénoué]] * [[Pariki ya Bouba Njida|Bouba Njida]] * [[Pariki ya Boumba-Bek|Boumba-Bek]] * [[Pariki ya Campo Ma'an|Campo Ma'an]] * [[Pariki ya Deng Deng|Deng Deng]] * [[Pariki ya Douala-Édéa|Douala-Édéa]] * [[Pariki y'Ebo|Ebo]] * [[Pariki ya Faro|Faro]] * [[Pariki ya Kalamaloué|Kalamaloué]] * [[Pariki ya Kimbi Fungom|Kimbi Fungom]] * [[Pariki ya Korup|Korup]] * [[Pariki ya Lobéké|Lobéké]] * [[Pariki ya Ndongoré|Ndongoré]] * [[Pariki ya Ma Mbed Mbed|Ma Mbed Mbed]] * [[Pariki ya Mbam Djerem|Mbam Djerem]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Cameroon|Mount Cameroon]] * [[Pariki ya Manengouba|Manengouba]] * [[Pariki ya Mozogo-Gokoro|Mozogo-Gokoro]] * [[Pariki ya Mpem and Djim|Mpem and Djim]] * [[Pariki ya Nki|Nki]] * [[Pariki ya Takamanda|Takamanda]] * [[Pariki ya Mbéré Valley|Mbéré Valley]] * [[Pariki ya Waza|Waza]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kameruni, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Kameruni}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> lh6403z904247ol8k56jryef8e7ypay 10 24069 149179 2026-11-07T18:31:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Assagny|Assagny]] * [[Pariki ya Banco|Banco]] * [[Pariki ya Comoé|Comoé]] * [[Pariki ya Îles Ehotilé|Îles Ehotilé]] * [[Pariki ya Marahoué|Marahoué]] * [[Pariki ya Mont Péko|Mont Péko]] * [[Pariki ya Mont Sângbé|Mont Sângbé]..." 149179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Assagny|Assagny]] * [[Pariki ya Banco|Banco]] * [[Pariki ya Comoé|Comoé]] * [[Pariki ya Îles Ehotilé|Îles Ehotilé]] * [[Pariki ya Marahoué|Marahoué]] * [[Pariki ya Mont Péko|Mont Péko]] * [[Pariki ya Mont Sângbé|Mont Sângbé]] * [[Pariki ya Taï|Taï]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kote Divuwari, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Kote Divuwari}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> ppnzlsk3kuj9dlt1g9wo8kkt5sarg2g 10 24070 149180 2026-11-07T18:32:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Abijatta-Shalla|Abijatta-Shalla]] * [[Pariki y'Awash|Awash]] * [[Pariki ya Bale Mountains|Bale Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Gambella|Gambella]] * [[Pariki ya Kafta Sheraro|Kafta Sheraro]] * [[Pariki ya Mago|Mago]] * [[Pariki ya Nechisar|Nechisar]] * [..." 149180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Abijatta-Shalla|Abijatta-Shalla]] * [[Pariki y'Awash|Awash]] * [[Pariki ya Bale Mountains|Bale Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Gambella|Gambella]] * [[Pariki ya Kafta Sheraro|Kafta Sheraro]] * [[Pariki ya Mago|Mago]] * [[Pariki ya Nechisar|Nechisar]] * [[Pariki y'Omo|Omo]] * [[Pariki ya Simien Mountains|Simien Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Yangudi Rassa|Yangudi Rassa]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Etiyopiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Etiyopiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> t6m4ks89p0cj3uwc6q1pnusre3l5cc7 10 24071 149181 2026-11-07T18:38:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Akanda|Akanda]] * [[Pariki ya Birougou|Birougou]] * [[Pariki y'Ivindo|Ivindo]] * [[Pariki ya Loango|Loango]] * [[Pariki ya Lopé|Lopé]] * [[Pariki ya Mayumba|Mayumba]] * [[Pariki ya Minkébé|Minkébé]] * Pariki ya Crystal Mountains|Crystal Mountains..." 149181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Akanda|Akanda]] * [[Pariki ya Birougou|Birougou]] * [[Pariki y'Ivindo|Ivindo]] * [[Pariki ya Loango|Loango]] * [[Pariki ya Lopé|Lopé]] * [[Pariki ya Mayumba|Mayumba]] * [[Pariki ya Minkébé|Minkébé]] * [[Pariki ya Crystal Mountains|Crystal Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Moukalaba-Doudou|Moukalaba-Doudou]] * [[Pariki ya Mwagna|Mwagna]] * [[Pariki ya Batéké Plateau|Batéké Plateau]] * [[Pariki ya Pongara|Pongara]] * [[Pariki ya Waka|Waka]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gabon, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gabon}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 158929oxxwpnoh1tu6449libeednat7 10 24072 149182 2026-11-07T18:39:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bia|Bia]] * [[Pariki ya Bui|Bui]] * [[Pariki ya Digya|Digya]] * [[Parike ya Kakum|Kakum]] * [[Pariki ya Kyabobo|Kyabobo]] * [[Parike y'igihugu ya Mole|Mole]] * [[Pariki ya Nini Suhien|Nini Suhien]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<n..." 149182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bia|Bia]] * [[Pariki ya Bui|Bui]] * [[Pariki ya Digya|Digya]] * [[Parike ya Kakum|Kakum]] * [[Pariki ya Kyabobo|Kyabobo]] * [[Parike y'igihugu ya Mole|Mole]] * [[Pariki ya Nini Suhien|Nini Suhien]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gana, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gana}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> btduh9ba8ft9k2g6na2dsxpsa1zs569 10 24073 149183 2026-11-07T18:42:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Aberdare|Aberdare]] * [[Pariki y'Amboseli|Amboseli]] * [[Pariki y'Arabuko Sokoke|Arabuko Sokoke]] * [[Pariki ya Central Island|Central Island]] * [[Pariki ya Chyulu Hills|Chyulu Hills]] * [[Pariki ya Hell's Gate|Hell's Gate]] * [[Pariki ya Kora|Kora]] *..." 149183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Aberdare|Aberdare]] * [[Pariki y'Amboseli|Amboseli]] * [[Pariki y'Arabuko Sokoke|Arabuko Sokoke]] * [[Pariki ya Central Island|Central Island]] * [[Pariki ya Chyulu Hills|Chyulu Hills]] * [[Pariki ya Hell's Gate|Hell's Gate]] * [[Pariki ya Kora|Kora]] * [[Pariki ya Nakuru|Nakuru]] * [[Pariki ya Malka Mari|Malka Mari]] * [[Pariki ya Marsabit|Marsabit]] * [[Pariki ya Meru|Meru]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Elgon|Mount Elgon]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Kenya|Mount Kenya]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Longonot|Mount Longonot]] * [[Pariki ya Ndere Island|Ndere Island]] * [[Pariki ya Nairobi|Nairobi]] * [[Pariki y'Ol Donyo Sabuk|Ol Donyo Sabuk]] * [[Pariki ya Ruma|Ruma]] * [[Pariki ya Saiwa Swamp|Saiwa Swamp]] * [[Pariki ya Sibiloi|Sibiloi]] * [[Pariki ya Tsavo East|Tsavo East]] * [[Pariki ya Tsavo West|Tsavo West]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kenya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Kenya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 4mdmys4um61164x11vxkmvvq1vw4pym 10 24074 149184 2026-11-07T18:42:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Al Hoceima|Al Hoceima]] * [[Pariki ya Dakhla|Dakhla]] * [[Pariki ya Haut Atlas Oriental|Haut Atlas Oriental]] * [[Pariki y'Ifrane|Ifrane]] * [[Pariki y'Iriqui|Iriqui]] * [[Pariki ya Khenifra|Khenifra]] * [[Pariki ya Khenifiss|Khenifiss]] * Pariki ya..." 149184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Al Hoceima|Al Hoceima]] * [[Pariki ya Dakhla|Dakhla]] * [[Pariki ya Haut Atlas Oriental|Haut Atlas Oriental]] * [[Pariki y'Ifrane|Ifrane]] * [[Pariki y'Iriqui|Iriqui]] * [[Pariki ya Khenifra|Khenifra]] * [[Pariki ya Khenifiss|Khenifiss]] * [[Pariki ya Souss-Massa|Souss-Massa]] * [[Pariki ya Talassemtane|Talassemtane]] * [[Pariki ya Tazekka|Tazekka]] * [[Pariki ya Toubkal|Toubkal]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Maroke, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Maroke}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> tqzbeel5hfoy13j4hte7unachgvqmcj 10 24075 149185 2026-11-07T18:45:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Banc d'Arguin|Banc d'Arguin]] * [[Pariki ya Diawling|Diawling]] * [[Pariki y'Awleigat|Awleigat]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Mori..." 149185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Banc d'Arguin|Banc d'Arguin]] * [[Pariki ya Diawling|Diawling]] * [[Pariki y'Awleigat|Awleigat]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Moritaniya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Moritaniya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> m9ornk93rehu66nn055ytjx3safvz8i 10 24076 149186 2026-11-07T18:45:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bwindi Impenetrable|Bwindi Impenetrable]] * [[Pariki ya Kibale|Kibale]] * [[Pariki ya Kidepo Valley|Kidepo Valley]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Mburo|Lake Mburo]] * [[Pariki ya Mgahinga Gorilla|Mgahinga Gorilla]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Elgon|Mount Elgon]] * P..." 149186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bwindi Impenetrable|Bwindi Impenetrable]] * [[Pariki ya Kibale|Kibale]] * [[Pariki ya Kidepo Valley|Kidepo Valley]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Mburo|Lake Mburo]] * [[Pariki ya Mgahinga Gorilla|Mgahinga Gorilla]] * [[Pariki ya Mount Elgon|Mount Elgon]] * [[Pariki ya Murchison Falls|Murchison Falls]] * [[Pariki ya Queen Elizabeth|Queen Elizabeth]] * [[Pariki ya Rwenzori Mountains|Rwenzori Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Semuliki|Semuliki]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Ubugande, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Ubugande}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> qk9msqiwmzqly66kpnn1jyqvkreg7q7 10 24077 149187 2026-11-07T18:46:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Garamba|Garamba]] * [[Pariki ya Kahuzi-Biéga|Kahuzi-Biéga]] * [[Pariki ya Kundelungu|Kundelungu]] * [[Pariki ya Lomami|Lomami]] * [[Pariki ya Maiko|Maiko]] * Pariki ya Mangroves|M..." 149187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Garamba|Garamba]] * [[Pariki ya Kahuzi-Biéga|Kahuzi-Biéga]] * [[Pariki ya Kundelungu|Kundelungu]] * [[Pariki ya Lomami|Lomami]] * [[Pariki ya Maiko|Maiko]] * [[Pariki ya Mangroves|Mangroves]] * [[Pariki ya Salonga|Salonga]] * [[Pariki y'Upemba|Upemba]] * [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Virunga]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 01taybc4s7msl9fqiv0f2br7qka30c8 10 24078 149188 2026-11-07T18:47:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Conkouati-Douli|Conkouati-Douli]] * [[Pariki ya Nouabalé-Ndoki|Nouabalé-Ndoki]] * [[Pariki ya Ntokou-Pikounda|Ntokou-Pikounda]] * [[Pariki y'Odzala-Kokoua|Odzala-Kokoua]] * [[Pariki y'Ogooué-Leketi|Ogooué-Leketi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pari..." 149188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Conkouati-Douli|Conkouati-Douli]] * [[Pariki ya Nouabalé-Ndoki|Nouabalé-Ndoki]] * [[Pariki ya Ntokou-Pikounda|Ntokou-Pikounda]] * [[Pariki y'Odzala-Kokoua|Odzala-Kokoua]] * [[Pariki y'Ogooué-Leketi|Ogooué-Leketi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kongo, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Kongo}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> f357qxtpyx0dhzxxbgokca0iabou4hk 10 24079 149189 2026-11-07T18:52:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Basse Casamance|Basse Casamance]] * [[Pariki ya Saloum Delta|Saloum Delta]] * [[Pariki ya Djoudj|Djoudj]] * [[Pariki ya Îles des Madeleines|Îles des Madeleines]] * [[Pariki ya Langue de Barbarie|Langue de Barbarie]] * Pariki ya Niokolo-Koba|Ni..." 149189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Basse Casamance|Basse Casamance]] * [[Pariki ya Saloum Delta|Saloum Delta]] * [[Pariki ya Djoudj|Djoudj]] * [[Pariki ya Îles des Madeleines|Îles des Madeleines]] * [[Pariki ya Langue de Barbarie|Langue de Barbarie]] * [[Pariki ya Niokolo-Koba|Niokolo-Koba]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Senegali, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Senegali}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> pbg5yuopcvd0iu129hj901pz8qyk8j6 10 24080 149195 2026-11-07T18:59:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Atoll Poivre|Atoll Poivre]] * [[Pariki ya Morne Seychellois|Morne Seychellois]] * [[Pariki ya Praslin|Praslin]] * [[Pariki ya Ramos|Ramos]] * [[Pariki ya Baie Ternay|Baie Ternay]] * [[Pariki ya Curieuse|Curieuse]] * Pariki y'Île Coco|Île Coco..." 149195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Atoll Poivre|Atoll Poivre]] * [[Pariki ya Morne Seychellois|Morne Seychellois]] * [[Pariki ya Praslin|Praslin]] * [[Pariki ya Ramos|Ramos]] * [[Pariki ya Baie Ternay|Baie Ternay]] * [[Pariki ya Curieuse|Curieuse]] * [[Pariki y'Île Coco|Île Coco]] * [[Pariki ya Port Launay|Port Launay]] * [[Pariki ya Silhouette|Silhouette]] * [[Pariki ya Sainte Anne|Sainte Anne]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Seyishele, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Seyishele}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 9o8wy00gtco4h5x2gcjc6xktzoadqb9 10 24081 149197 2026-11-07T19:00:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Arusha|Arusha]] * [[Pariki ya Gombe|Gombe]] * [[Pariki ya Katavi|Katavi]] * [[Pariki ya Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] * [[Parike ya Kitulo|Kitulo]] * [[Pariki ya Mahale Mountains|Mahale Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Manyara|Lake Manyara]] * Pariki..." 149197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Arusha|Arusha]] * [[Pariki ya Gombe|Gombe]] * [[Pariki ya Katavi|Katavi]] * [[Pariki ya Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] * [[Parike ya Kitulo|Kitulo]] * [[Pariki ya Mahale Mountains|Mahale Mountains]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Manyara|Lake Manyara]] * [[Pariki ya Mikumi|Mikumi]] * [[Pariki ya Mkomazi|Mkomazi]] * [[Pariki ya Ruaha|Ruaha]] * [[Pariki ya Rubondo Island|Rubondo Island]] * [[Pariki ya Saadani|Saadani]] * [[Parike ya Serengeti|Serengeti]] * [[Parike ya Tarangire|Tarangire]] * [[Pariki y'Udzungwa Mountains|Udzungwa Mountains]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Tanzaniya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tanzaniya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> pzbfvswkej9icdzpa4552rfl50fdogc 10 24082 149198 2026-11-07T19:00:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Goz Beïda|Goz Beïda]] * [[Pariki ya Manda|Manda]] * [[Pariki ya Sena Oura|Sena Oura]] * [[Pariki ya Zakouma|Zakouma]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igih..." 149198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Goz Beïda|Goz Beïda]] * [[Pariki ya Manda|Manda]] * [[Pariki ya Sena Oura|Sena Oura]] * [[Pariki ya Zakouma|Zakouma]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Cade, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Cade}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> fxpxk6giarx40p56424plx2xay3cdjc 10 24083 149200 2026-11-07T19:01:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bou-Hedma|Bou-Hedma]] * [[Pariki ya Boukornine|Boukornine]] * [[Pariki y'igihugu ya Chambi|Chambi]] * [[Pariki ya Dghoumes|Dghoumes]] * [[Pariki y'El Feidja|El Feidja]] * [[Pariki y'Ichkeul|Ichkeul]] * [[Pariki ya Jebil|Jebil]] * Pariki ya Jebel..." 149200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bou-Hedma|Bou-Hedma]] * [[Pariki ya Boukornine|Boukornine]] * [[Pariki y'igihugu ya Chambi|Chambi]] * [[Pariki ya Dghoumes|Dghoumes]] * [[Pariki y'El Feidja|El Feidja]] * [[Pariki y'Ichkeul|Ichkeul]] * [[Pariki ya Jebil|Jebil]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Chitana-Cap Négro|Jebel Chitana-Cap Négro]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Mghilla|Jebel Mghilla]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Orbata|Jebel Orbata]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Serj|Jebel Serj]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Zaghdoud|Jebel Zaghdoud]] * [[Pariki ya Jebel Zaghouan|Jebel Zaghouan]] * [[Pariki y'Oued Zeen|Oued Zeen]] * [[Pariki ya Senghar-Jabess|Senghar-Jabess]] * [[Pariki ya Sidi Toui|Sidi Toui]] * [[Pariki ya Zembra and Zembretta Islands|Zembra and Zembretta Islands]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Tunisiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Tunisiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 1ibjbjnrh1pjbsqgx1big4ozgmln010 10 24084 149203 2026-11-07T19:05:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chimanimani|Chimanimani]] * [[Pariki ya Chizarira|Chizarira]] * [[Pariki ya Gonarezhou|Gonarezhou]] * [[Pariki ya Hwange|Hwange]] * [[Pariki ya Kazuma Pan|Kazuma Pan]] * [[Pariki ya Mana Pools|Mana Pools]] * [[Pariki ya Matobo|Matobo]] * Pariki..." 149203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chimanimani|Chimanimani]] * [[Pariki ya Chizarira|Chizarira]] * [[Pariki ya Gonarezhou|Gonarezhou]] * [[Pariki ya Hwange|Hwange]] * [[Pariki ya Kazuma Pan|Kazuma Pan]] * [[Pariki ya Mana Pools|Mana Pools]] * [[Pariki ya Matobo|Matobo]] * [[Pariki ya Matusadona|Matusadona]] * [[Pariki ya Nyanga|Nyanga]] * [[Pariki ya Victoria Falls|Victoria Falls]] * [[Pariki ya Zambezi|Zambezi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Zimbabwe, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Zimbabwe}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> j4c2iyufkl58c07bvwnho1h8k09ly6u 10 24085 149204 2026-11-07T19:07:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Pendjari|Pendjari]] * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Bene, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{P..." 149204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Pendjari|Pendjari]] * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Bene, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Bene}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> gtkby70vp0990xewruifh477b0ln8uc 10 24086 149207 2026-11-07T19:09:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chobe|Chobe]] * [[Pariki ya Makgadikgadi Pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]] * [[Pariki ya Nxai Pan|Nxai Pan]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Botsw..." 149207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chobe|Chobe]] * [[Pariki ya Makgadikgadi Pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]] * [[Pariki ya Nxai Pan|Nxai Pan]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Botswana, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Botswana}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 12dpu3rojhwm0kaawzvifiv0ya6lhyn 10 24087 149209 2026-11-07T19:09:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Deux Balés|Deux Balés]] * [[Pariki ya Kaboré Tambi|Kaboré Tambi]] * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Buruk..." 149209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Deux Balés|Deux Balés]] * [[Pariki ya Kaboré Tambi|Kaboré Tambi]] * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Burukina Faso, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Burukina Faso}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> pa3rgbm6mzoc6x67djxxul1ect607h4 10 24088 149210 2026-11-07T19:09:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dahlak|Dahlak]] * [[Pariki ya Semenawi Bahri|Semenawi Bahri]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Eritereya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imi..." 149210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dahlak|Dahlak]] * [[Pariki ya Semenawi Bahri|Semenawi Bahri]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Eritereya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eritereya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> aq7eznwjn7b5otuvpejcp7m1ewomw2z 10 24089 149213 2026-11-07T19:10:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Hlane|Hlane]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Eswatini, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z..." 149213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini |title = Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Hlane|Hlane]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu z'Eswatini, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu z'Eswatini}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 3519pail3wfrjibuztkw5ouzoua05d7 10 24090 149218 2026-11-07T19:13:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kiang West|Kiang West]] * [[Pariki ya Niumi|Niumi]] * [[Pariki ya River Gambia|River Gambia]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gambiya, nyum..." 149218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kiang West|Kiang West]] * [[Pariki ya Niumi|Niumi]] * [[Pariki ya River Gambia|River Gambia]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gambiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gambiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 4smay53ozg91srzse71blgenqkpr9ew 10 24091 149219 2026-11-07T19:14:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Badiar|Badiar]] * [[Pariki ya Mafou|Mafou]] * [[Pariki y'Upper Niger|Upper Niger]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gineya, nyuma y'igice cy'a..." 149219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Badiar|Badiar]] * [[Pariki ya Mafou|Mafou]] * [[Pariki y'Upper Niger|Upper Niger]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gineya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 5u2x3sp6w80jpph5w90outg07wvi8v2 10 24092 149221 2026-11-07T19:16:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Altos de Nsork|Altos de Nsork]] * [[Pariki ya Monte Alén|Monte Alén]] * [[Pariki ya Pico Basilé|Pico Basilé]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zi..." 149221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Altos de Nsork|Altos de Nsork]] * [[Pariki ya Monte Alén|Monte Alén]] * [[Pariki ya Pico Basilé|Pico Basilé]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya Ekwatoriyale}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 1h3vi4m4fxs5fskm2etqidsfbvkwthr 10 24093 149222 2026-11-07T19:16:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Boé|Boé]] * [[Pariki ya Cantanhez Forest|Cantanhez Forest]] * [[Pariki ya Cufada|Cufada]] * [[Pariki ya Dulombi|Dulombi]] * [[Pariki ya João Vieira and Poilão|João Vieira and Poilão]] * [[Pariki y'Orango Islands|Orango Islands]] * Pa..." 149222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Boé|Boé]] * [[Pariki ya Cantanhez Forest|Cantanhez Forest]] * [[Pariki ya Cufada|Cufada]] * [[Pariki ya Dulombi|Dulombi]] * [[Pariki ya João Vieira and Poilão|João Vieira and Poilão]] * [[Pariki y'Orango Islands|Orango Islands]] * [[Pariki ya Varela|Varela]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Gineya-Biso, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Gineya-Biso}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> mgocvxdamceiccu0gppk81l6njisp98 10 24094 149230 2026-11-07T19:24:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Yoboki|Yoboki]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Jibuti, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za..." 149230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Yoboki|Yoboki]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Jibuti, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Jibuti}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> lt7cqa0cgp6n23my9ww8f1cx97rqb0e 10 24095 149232 2026-11-07T19:25:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Fogo|Fogo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kapu Veri, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihu..." 149232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Fogo|Fogo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Kapu Veri, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Kapu Veri}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 26l598idkz3sdzesszzyxybaa60kyif 10 24096 149236 2026-11-07T19:26:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Coelacanth|Coelacanth]] * [[Parike y'igihugu cya komoro yo ku musozi wa Ntringui|Mount Ntringui]] * [[Pariki ya Shisiwani|Shisiwani]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga..." 149236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Coelacanth|Coelacanth]] * [[Parike y'igihugu cya komoro yo ku musozi wa Ntringui|Mount Ntringui]] * [[Pariki ya Shisiwani|Shisiwani]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Komore, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Komore}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> r4wujci3ab14kb2um4qvhfe1r95hdum 10 24097 149237 2026-11-07T19:26:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Cape Mount|Cape Mount]] * [[Pariki ya Grebo-Krahn|Grebo-Krahn]] * [[Pariki ya Lofa-Mano|Lofa-Mano]] * [[Pariki ya Sapo|Sapo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri..." 149237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Cape Mount|Cape Mount]] * [[Pariki ya Grebo-Krahn|Grebo-Krahn]] * [[Pariki ya Lofa-Mano|Lofa-Mano]] * [[Pariki ya Sapo|Sapo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Liberiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Liberiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> lwg0cnr5vt6gc3mt1umwksn0ug194ph 10 24098 149238 2026-11-07T19:27:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Abughilan|Abughilan]] * [[Pariki y'Algharabolli|Algharabolli]] * [[Pariki y'El Naggaza|El Naggaza]] * [[Pariki y'El-Kouf|El-Kouf]] * [[Pariki ya Rajma|Rajma]] * [[Pariki ya Surman|Surman]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclu..." 149238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Abughilan|Abughilan]] * [[Pariki y'Algharabolli|Algharabolli]] * [[Pariki y'El Naggaza|El Naggaza]] * [[Pariki y'El-Kouf|El-Kouf]] * [[Pariki ya Rajma|Rajma]] * [[Pariki ya Surman|Surman]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Libiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Libiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> bkevijv25w8v8ic85nllxt5ler2wdld 10 24099 149239 2026-11-07T19:28:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Amber Mountain|Amber Mountain]] * [[Pariki y'Isalo|Isalo]] * [[Pariki ya Kirindy Mitea|Kirindy Mitea]] * [[Pariki ya Marojejy|Marojejy]] * [[Pariki ya Masoala|Masoala]] * [[Pariki ya Nosy Hara|Nosy Hara]] * Pariki ya Nosy Ve-Androka|Nosy..." 149239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'Amber Mountain|Amber Mountain]] * [[Pariki y'Isalo|Isalo]] * [[Pariki ya Kirindy Mitea|Kirindy Mitea]] * [[Pariki ya Marojejy|Marojejy]] * [[Pariki ya Masoala|Masoala]] * [[Pariki ya Nosy Hara|Nosy Hara]] * [[Pariki ya Nosy Ve-Androka|Nosy Ve-Androka]] * [[Pariki ya Ranomafana|Ranomafana]] * [[Pariki ya Sahamalaza|Sahamalaza]] * [[Pariki ya Tsingy de Namoroka|Tsingy de Namoroka]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Madagasikari, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Madagasikari}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> oul61q243k5fsm7uhqbs4kp5scdd0no 10 24100 149242 2026-11-07T19:29:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kasungu|Kasungu]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Malawi|Lake Malawi]] * [[Pariki ya Lengwe|Lengwe]] * [[Pariki ya Liwonde|Liwonde]] * [[Pariki ya Nyika|Nyika]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku..." 149242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Kasungu|Kasungu]] * [[Pariki ya Lake Malawi|Lake Malawi]] * [[Pariki ya Lengwe|Lengwe]] * [[Pariki ya Liwonde|Liwonde]] * [[Pariki ya Nyika|Nyika]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Malawi, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Malawi}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> ldv9sz7jc8vw2jrc7gjy4i8e80405ox 10 24101 149243 2026-11-07T19:29:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bafing|Bafing]] * [[Pariki ya Boucle du Baoulé|Boucle du Baoulé]] * [[Pariki ya Kouroufing|Kouroufing]] * [[Pariki ya Wongo|Wongo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri..." 149243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bafing|Bafing]] * [[Pariki ya Boucle du Baoulé|Boucle du Baoulé]] * [[Pariki ya Kouroufing|Kouroufing]] * [[Pariki ya Wongo|Wongo]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Mali, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Mali}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> bui154itlwrdyztk7enbq22l4x2m5ui 10 24102 149252 2026-11-07T19:40:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Gabal Elba|Gabal Elba]] * [[Pariki ya Gilf Kebir|Gilf Kebir]] * [[Pariki ya Ras Muhammad|Ras Muhammad]] * [[Pariki ya Saint Katherine|Saint Katherine]] * [[Pariki ya Wadi el Gamal|Wadi el Gamal]] * [[Pariki ya White Desert|White Desert]] |below..." 149252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Gabal Elba|Gabal Elba]] * [[Pariki ya Gilf Kebir|Gilf Kebir]] * [[Pariki ya Ras Muhammad|Ras Muhammad]] * [[Pariki ya Saint Katherine|Saint Katherine]] * [[Pariki ya Wadi el Gamal|Wadi el Gamal]] * [[Pariki ya White Desert|White Desert]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Misiri, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Misiri}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> g8chmlegd5d3xqjqmic9lby5srwxbdh 10 24103 149254 2026-11-07T19:40:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Black River Gorges|Black River Gorges]] * [[Pariki ya Bras d'Eau|Bras d'Eau]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Morise, nyuma y'igice cy'amasha..." 149254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Black River Gorges|Black River Gorges]] * [[Pariki ya Bras d'Eau|Bras d'Eau]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Morise, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Morise}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> qf448u1kkkt3ejgnyy7qh8eb7uh02bs 10 24104 149401 2026-11-07T21:16:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Banhine|Banhine]] * [[Pariki ya Bazaruto|Bazaruto]] * [[Pariki ya Gorongosa|Gorongosa]] * [[Pariki ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] * [[Pariki ya Magoe|Magoe]] * [[Pariki ya Maputo|Maputo]] * [[Pariki ya Quirimbas|Quirimbas]] * [[Pariki ya Zinave|Zinave]] |..." 149401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Banhine|Banhine]] * [[Pariki ya Bazaruto|Bazaruto]] * [[Pariki ya Gorongosa|Gorongosa]] * [[Pariki ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] * [[Pariki ya Magoe|Magoe]] * [[Pariki ya Maputo|Maputo]] * [[Pariki ya Quirimbas|Quirimbas]] * [[Pariki ya Zinave|Zinave]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Mozambike, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Mozambike}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 9nah8abve31s1ey68b936hqsqt6qjl7 10 24105 149414 2026-11-07T21:22:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dorob|Dorob]] * [[Pariki y'Etosha|Etosha]] * [[Pariki ya Mangetti|Mangetti]] * [[Pariki ya Namib-Naukluft|Namib-Naukluft]] * [[Pariki ya Nkasa Rupara|Nkasa Rupara]] * [[Pariki ya Skeleton Coast|Skeleton Coast]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa parik..." 149414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dorob|Dorob]] * [[Pariki y'Etosha|Etosha]] * [[Pariki ya Mangetti|Mangetti]] * [[Pariki ya Namib-Naukluft|Namib-Naukluft]] * [[Pariki ya Nkasa Rupara|Nkasa Rupara]] * [[Pariki ya Skeleton Coast|Skeleton Coast]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Namibiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Namibiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> rithri667ullh9eg10vssp3tqfti2lg 10 24106 149416 2026-11-07T21:23:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Nigeri, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri}}<..." 149416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya W|W]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Nigeri, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Nigeri}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 0pvvm7noyjief1i95m5yy0oukt5y1wl 10 24107 149418 2026-11-07T21:23:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chad Basin|Chad Basin]] * [[Pariki ya Cross River|Cross River]] * [[Pariki ya Gashaka Gumti|Gashaka Gumti]] * [[Pariki ya Kainji|Kainji]] * [[Pariki ya Kamuku|Kamuku]] * [[Pariki y'Okomu|Okomu]] * [[Pariki y'Old Oyo|Old Oyo]] * Pariki ya Rugu|Ru..." 149418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Chad Basin|Chad Basin]] * [[Pariki ya Cross River|Cross River]] * [[Pariki ya Gashaka Gumti|Gashaka Gumti]] * [[Pariki ya Kainji|Kainji]] * [[Pariki ya Kamuku|Kamuku]] * [[Pariki y'Okomu|Okomu]] * [[Pariki y'Old Oyo|Old Oyo]] * [[Pariki ya Rugu|Rugu]] * [[Pariki ya Yankari|Yankari]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Nijeriya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Nijeriya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> qk5rt02opw6uwazacufr5u2lfqojv99 10 24108 149420 2026-11-07T21:23:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'André Félix|André Félix]] * [[Pariki ya Bamingui-Bangoran|Bamingui-Bangoran]] * [[Pariki ya Dzanga-Ndoki|Dzanga-Ndoki]] * [[Pariki ya Manovo-Gounda St. Floris|Manovo-Gounda St. Floris]] * Pariki ya Mb..." 149420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki y'André Félix|André Félix]] * [[Pariki ya Bamingui-Bangoran|Bamingui-Bangoran]] * [[Pariki ya Dzanga-Ndoki|Dzanga-Ndoki]] * [[Pariki ya Manovo-Gounda St. Floris|Manovo-Gounda St. Floris]] * [[Pariki ya Mbaéré-Bodingué|Mbaéré-Bodingué]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Repubulika ya Santara Afurika}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> bc1jvwsvly81w1pxw1drby0x7hwlml0 10 24109 149421 2026-11-07T21:23:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Gola|Gola]] * [[Pariki ya Kuru Hills|Kuru Hills]] * [[Pariki y'Outamba-Kilimi|Outamba-Kilimi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za..." 149421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Gola|Gola]] * [[Pariki ya Kuru Hills|Kuru Hills]] * [[Pariki y'Outamba-Kilimi|Outamba-Kilimi]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Siyera Lewone, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Siyera Lewone}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> lj5t3tdbpwl646m42rfg4nnhq828ve0 10 24110 149422 2026-11-07T21:23:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Hargeisa|Hargeisa]] * [[Pariki ya Jilib|Jilib]] * [[Pariki ya Kismayo|Kismayo]] * [[Pariki ya Lag Badana-Bushbush|Lag Badana-Bushbush]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo z..." 149422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Hargeisa|Hargeisa]] * [[Pariki ya Jilib|Jilib]] * [[Pariki ya Kismayo|Kismayo]] * [[Pariki ya Lag Badana-Bushbush|Lag Badana-Bushbush]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Somaliya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Somaliya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 3iw2zpeb3tjt7rbx659fh1srqf5949b 10 24111 149423 2026-11-07T21:24:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dinder|Dinder]] * [[Pariki ya Radom|Radom]] * [[Pariki ya Suakin Archipelago|Suakin Archipelago]] * [[Pariki ya Wadi Howar|Wadi Howar]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivug..." 149423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Dinder|Dinder]] * [[Pariki ya Radom|Radom]] * [[Pariki ya Suakin Archipelago|Suakin Archipelago]] * [[Pariki ya Wadi Howar|Wadi Howar]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Sudani, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 5ubsvgfmp9gu1cq5svk3yzqrc31kwmg 10 24112 149424 2026-11-07T21:24:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bandingilo|Bandingilo]] * [[Pariki ya Boma|Boma]] * [[Pariki ya Lantoto|Lantoto]] * [[Pariki ya Nimule|Nimule]] * [[Pariki ya Shambe|Shambe]] * [[Pariki ya Southern|Southern]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}..." 149424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Bandingilo|Bandingilo]] * [[Pariki ya Boma|Boma]] * [[Pariki ya Lantoto|Lantoto]] * [[Pariki ya Nimule|Nimule]] * [[Pariki ya Shambe|Shambe]] * [[Pariki ya Southern|Southern]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Sudani y'Amajyepfo}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 4zq7yachiulldl7hbda36zlspowydic 10 24113 149426 2026-11-07T21:24:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Fazao Mafakassa|Fazao Mafakassa]] * [[Pariki ya Fosse aux Lions|Fosse aux Lions]] * [[Pariki ya Kéran|Kéran]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za T..." 149426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Fazao Mafakassa|Fazao Mafakassa]] * [[Pariki ya Fosse aux Lions|Fosse aux Lions]] * [[Pariki ya Kéran|Kéran]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Togo, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Togo}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> rislo1b27h6zc9rma8gguanh25dqrft 10 24114 149427 2026-11-07T21:24:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Blue Lagoon|Blue Lagoon]] * [[Pariki y'Isangano|Isangano]] * [[Pariki ya Kafue|Kafue]] * [[Pariki ya Kasanka|Kasanka]] * [[Pariki ya Lavushi Manda|Lavushi Manda]] * [[Pariki ya Liuwa Plain|Liuwa Plain]] * [[Pariki ya Lochinvar|Lochinvar]] * Pariki..." 149427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Blue Lagoon|Blue Lagoon]] * [[Pariki y'Isangano|Isangano]] * [[Pariki ya Kafue|Kafue]] * [[Pariki ya Kasanka|Kasanka]] * [[Pariki ya Lavushi Manda|Lavushi Manda]] * [[Pariki ya Liuwa Plain|Liuwa Plain]] * [[Pariki ya Lochinvar|Lochinvar]] * [[Pariki ya Lower Zambezi|Lower Zambezi]] * [[Pariki ya Luambe|Luambe]] * [[Pariki ya Lukusuzi|Lukusuzi]] * [[Pariki ya Lusaka|Lusaka]] * [[Pariki ya Lusenga Plain|Lusenga Plain]] * [[Pariki ya Mweru Wantipa|Mweru Wantipa]] * [[Pariki ya North Luangwa|North Luangwa]] * [[Pariki ya Nsumbu|Nsumbu]] * [[Pariki ya Nyika|Nyika]] * [[Pariki ya Sioma Ngwezi|Sioma Ngwezi]] * [[Pariki ya South Luangwa|South Luangwa]] * [[Pariki ya West Lunga|West Lunga]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Zambiya, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Zambiya}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> auhyffg4sp1xg7hf9okwa16krpk1leb 10 24115 149438 2026-11-07T21:29:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Sehlabathebe|Sehlabathebe]] * [[Pariki ya Ts'ehlanyane|Ts'ehlanyane]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Lesoto, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'i..." 149438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Sehlabathebe|Sehlabathebe]] * [[Pariki ya Ts'ehlanyane|Ts'ehlanyane]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Lesoto, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Lesoto}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> oscj67485l3ngtimln7c8o4v3ivh1gg 10 24116 149443 2026-11-07T21:33:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Obô ya São Tomé|Obô (São Tomé)]] * [[Pariki ya Obô ya Príncipe|Obô (Príncipe)]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki..." 149443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe |title = Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist |titlestyle = background:#abdb75; |list1 = * [[Pariki ya Obô ya São Tomé|Obô (São Tomé)]] * [[Pariki ya Obô ya Príncipe|Obô (Príncipe)]] |below = {{Urutonde rwa pariki muri Afurika}} }}<noinclude> Iyi nyandikorugero ishyirwa hasi ku ngingo zivuga kuri pariki z'igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe, nyuma y'igice cy'amashakiro n'imiyoboro yo hanze: <code><nowiki>{{Pariki z'Igihugu za Sawo Tome na Purensipe}}</nowiki></code> </noinclude> 63mpsj9iysx5ixp6w3e98kxk7v4vmnp 0 24117 149494 2026-11-08T03:35:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Jean Bosco Kazura | image = Kazura.JPG | caption = Jean Bosco Kazura i Bamako muri 2013 | birth_date = 1963 | birth_place = [[Rwanda]] | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umusirikare | known_for = Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda (2019–2023) }} '''Jean Bosco Kazura''' (yavutse muri 1963) ni jenerali w'Umunyarwanda. Yabaye Umugaba Mukuru w'[[Ingabo z' urwanda|Ingabo z'u Rwanda]] kuva mu Ugushyingo 2019 kugeza muri Kamena 2023. Kuva m..." 149494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jean Bosco Kazura | image = Kazura.JPG | caption = Jean Bosco Kazura i Bamako muri 2013 | birth_date = 1963 | birth_place = [[Rwanda]] | nationality = Umunyarwanda | occupation = Umusirikare | known_for = Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda (2019–2023) }} '''Jean Bosco Kazura''' (yavutse muri 1963) ni jenerali w'Umunyarwanda. Yabaye Umugaba Mukuru w'[[Ingabo z' urwanda|Ingabo z'u Rwanda]] kuva mu Ugushyingo 2019 kugeza muri Kamena 2023. Kuva muri 2013 kugeza muri 2014, yayoboye ingabo za [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Loni]] zibungabunga amahoro muri [[Mali]] (MINUSMA). Yabaye kandi perezida w'[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda]] (FERWAFA). Muri 2024, yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Jean Bosco Kazura yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] muri 1963.<ref name="un">{{Cite web |url=https://press.un.org/en/2013/sga1416.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Major General Jean Bosco Kazura of Rwanda Commander of United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali |website=United Nations |date=2013-06-17 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> Yavukiye mu muryango w'Abatutsi. Yakuriye mu buhungiro mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/137107/politique/mali-jean-bosco-kazura-un-rwandais-la-t-te-de-la-minusma/ |title=Mali : Jean-Bosco Kazura, un Rwandais à la tête de la Minusma |author=Pascal Airault |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2013-06-27 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Kazura afite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza mu [[Icyongereza]] no mu bumenyi bw'imibereho y'abantu. Afite kandi dipolome mu mategeko.<ref name="un" /> Avuga [[Igifaransa]] n'Icyongereza.<ref name="ja" /> Yize mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare i [[Lusaka]] muri [[Zambiya]] (1998). Yize kandi muri War College i [[Abuja]] muri [[Nijeriya]] (2001).<ref name="un" /> === Umwuga === Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, Kazura yinjiye mu [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR Inkotanyi]]. Muri 1994, FPR yakuyeho ubutegetsi bwakoze [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Nyuma yaho, Kazura yabaye umuvugizi w'ingabo. Yabaye kandi umujyanama wa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]].<ref name="ja" /> Hagati ya 1998 na 2003, Kazura yayoboye burigade na diviziyo.<ref name="un" /> Kuva muri 2005 kugeza muri 2007, yari umuyobozi wungirije w'ingabo z'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bwa Afurika i Darfur muri [[Sudani]].<ref name="ja" /> Hagati ya 2009 na 2010, yari umujyanama mukuru wa Perezida Kagame mu bya gisirikare n'umutekano. Kuva mu Ukwakira 2010, yakoraga mu buyobozi bukuru bw'ingabo i [[Kigali]]. Yari ashinzwe ibikorwa (J3). Kuva mu Ukuboza 2011, yayoboye ikigo cy'imyitozo y'urugamba cy'Ingabo z'u Rwanda.<ref name="un" /> [[File:Bezoek Kazura Nederland 2014-01.jpg|thumb|left|Kazura muri 2014, igihe yayoboraga ingabo za MINUSMA]] Muri Kamena 2013, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni Ban Ki-moon yagize Kazura umuyobozi w'ingabo za MINUSMA muri Mali. Kazura yatangiye ako kazi ku wa 1 Nyakanga 2013.<ref name="un" /> Mu Ukuboza 2014, yarangije ubutumwa bwe muri Mali. Yari amaze amezi 18 i [[Bamako]].<ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20141209-mali-commandant-chef-minusma-quitte-fonctions-jean-bosco-kazura |title=Mali: le commandant en chef de la Minusma quitte ses fonctions |website=RFI |date=2014-12-09 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Nyuma yaho, Kazura yayoboye ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare rya Nyakinama.<ref name="igihe2024" /> Mu Ugushyingo 2019, Perezida Paul Kagame yazamuye Kazura ku ipeti rya Jenerali. Kagame yamugize Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo z'u Rwanda. Kazura yasimbuye [[Patrick Nyamvumba]].<ref name="igihe2019">{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/gen-kazura-new-cds-gen-ibingira-back-to-reserve |title=Gen Kazura new CDS, Gen Ibingira back to Reserve Force |website=IGIHE |date=2019-11-05 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> Yari kuri uwo mwanya kugeza muri Kamena 2023. Muri Kanama 2024, Perezida Kagame yemeje ko Kazura ajya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref name="igihe2024">{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/five-generals-among-over-1100-rdf-personnel-granted-retirement |title=Five Generals among over 1100 RDF personnel granted retirement |website=IGIHE |date=2024-08-31 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> Kazura yabaye kandi perezida wa FERWAFA.<ref name="ja" /> Muri Kamena 2010, yagiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]] mu Gikombe cy'Isi cy'umupira w'amaguru. Ntiyari yahawe uruhushya n'ubuyobozi bw'ingabo. Yafashwe ku wa 9 Kamena 2010, arafungwa.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10292783 |title=Rwanda arrests football head on way to World Cup |website=BBC News |date=2010-06-11 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nt">{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201007210129.html |title=Rwanda: Brigadier Gen Kazura Released |author=Edmund Kagire |website=The New Times (allAfrica) |date=2010-07-21 |access-date=2026-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> Yamaze ukwezi kurenga afunzwe. Muri Nyakanga 2010, yarababariwe, ararekurwa.<ref name="nt" /> Muri 2011, Kazura yeguye ku buyobozi bwa FERWAFA.<ref name="ja" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[commons:Category:Jean Bosco Kazura|Amafoto ya Jean Bosco Kazura]] kuri Wikimedia Commons {{DEFAULTSORT:Kazura, Jean Bosco}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] 0g05wllj2v2qap8q4iip632q88fp4rd 10 24118 149501 2026-11-08T04:35:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Navbox | name = Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba | state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}} | title = Guverinoma gakondo ya [[Mogho Naaba]] | titlestyle = background:#D2B48C; | liststyle = text-align:center; | listclass = hlist | belowclass = hlist | list1 = * '''Umwami''' ([[Mogho Naaba]]) * '''Igisirikare n'umutekano''' <big>'''['''</big>[[Tansoba Naaba]] <small>(intambara)</small> · [[Ouidi Naaba]] <small>(abarwanira ku mafarasi)</small> · Goun..." 149501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba | state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}} | title = Guverinoma gakondo ya [[Mogho Naaba]] | titlestyle = background:#D2B48C; | liststyle = text-align:center; | listclass = hlist | belowclass = hlist | list1 = * '''Umwami''' ([[Mogho Naaba]]) * '''Igisirikare n'umutekano''' <big>'''['''</big>[[Tansoba Naaba]] <small>(intambara)</small> · [[Ouidi Naaba]] <small>(abarwanira ku mafarasi)</small> · [[Goungha Naaba]] <small>(abasirikare b'amaguru)</small> · [[Dapoya Naaba]] <small>(umutekano)</small><big>''']'''</big> * '''Ubutegetsi bw'ibwami''' <big>'''['''</big>[[Baloum Naaba]] <small>(ibikorwa by'ibwami n'umuvugizi)</small> · [[Larlé Naaba]] <small>(imva z'abami n'imigenzo)</small> · [[Samandin Naaba]] <small>(imihango y'ibwami)</small> · [[Balkuy Naaba]] <small>(abarinzi b'umwami)</small><big>''']'''</big> * '''Ubutegetsi bw'intara''' <big>'''['''</big>[[Poe Naaba]] <small>(ubutabera)</small> · [[Kamsonghin Naaba]] <small>(urubyiruko)</small> · [[Neem Naaba]] <small>(imibereho myiza, uburezi n'ubutaka)</small><big>''']'''</big> | below = * [[Wagadugu]] * [[Burukina Faso]] }} 7nkzx7yr4pcea79sgtg7nh60a0tsgd9 0 24119 149502 2026-11-08T04:36:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Mogho Naaba | image = [[File:BF-Ouaga-Entrée du Palais du Mogho Naaba (Roi) (cropped).jpg|250px]] | caption = Irembo ry'ingoro ya Mogho Naaba, i Wagadugu | label1 = Ubwami | data1 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label3 = Ishingwa | data3 = Ikinyejana cya 12 (dukurikije imigani) | label4 = Umwami wa mbere | data4 = Ouedraogo | label5 = Umwami w'ubu | data5 = Naaba Baongho II (kuva mu 1982) | label6 = Igihe cy..." 149502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Mogho Naaba | image = [[File:BF-Ouaga-Entrée du Palais du Mogho Naaba (Roi) (cropped).jpg|250px]] | caption = Irembo ry'ingoro ya Mogho Naaba, i Wagadugu | label1 = Ubwami | data1 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label3 = Ishingwa | data3 = Ikinyejana cya 12 (dukurikije imigani) | label4 = Umwami wa mbere | data4 = Ouedraogo | label5 = Umwami w'ubu | data5 = Naaba Baongho II (kuva mu 1982) | label6 = Igihe cy'ubutegetsi | data6 = Ubuzima bwe bwose | label7 = Aho atuye | data7 = Ingoro ya Panghin, i Wagadugu }} '''Mogho Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Mogho Naba'', ''Moro Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu Kimore, iryo zina risobanura "umutware w'isi": ''naaba'' ni "umutware", ''mogho'' ni "isi". Mogho Naaba ategeka ubuzima bwe bwose. Atorwa n'abatware bakuru b'ibwami, mu bakomoka kuri Oubri. Muri iki gihe nta bubasha afite mu mategeko. Ariko yubahwa cyane nk'umujyanama w'igihugu. == Amateka == Dukurikije imigani y'abakurambere, Ouedraogo yashinze ubwami bw'Abamosi mu kinyejana cya 12. Umwuzukuru we Oubri ni we wabaye Mogho Naaba wa mbere wa Wagadugu. Oubri yashinze umujyi wa Wagadugu.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Buri gitondo, urutonde rw'abami bose rusomwa imbere ya Mogho Naaba.<ref name="matin">{{Cite web |url=https://matinlibre.com/index.php/international/item/1252-mogho-naba-le-chef-des-mossi-et-chef-spirituel-du-burkina |title=Mogho Naba : Le chef des Mossi et chef spirituel du Burkina |website=Matin Libre |date=2014-12-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 1958, Mogho Naaba Kougri yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi. Nyuma yaho, Perezida Maurice Yaméogo yakuyeho itegeko ryagengaga abatware gakondo.<ref name="monde">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/01/23/au-burkina-la-chefferie-traditionnelle-peut-restaurer-le-dialogue-et-la-cohesion-sociale_6026979_3212.html |title=Au Burkina, la chefferie traditionnelle peut restaurer le dialogue et la cohésion sociale |author=Sophie Douce |website=Le Monde |date=2020-01-23 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa [[Thomas Sankara]], ububasha bw'abatware gakondo bwaragabanyijwe kurushaho.<ref name="monde" /> Muri iki gihe, Mogho Naaba ni umuhuza wumvwa mu makimbirane ya politiki.<ref name="matin" /> Mu 2015, Isaac Zida, wayoboraga inzibacyuho, yahungiye kwa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="ja15">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/233386/politique/burkina-zida-l-affranchi/ |title=Burkina : Zida l'affranchi |author=Benjamin Roger |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2015-06-02 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba w'ubu ni Naaba Baongho II. Yatangiye gutegeka ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1982.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2601p074-075.xml0/blaise-compaore-cdp-ceni-thomas-sankarafigures-de-la-societe-civile-burkinabe.html |title=Figures de la société civile burkinabè |website=Jeune Afrique |language=fr}}</ref> == Uko atorwa == Iyo Mogho Naaba apfuye, inama y'ibwami itora umusimbura mu bahungu be. Akenshi ni umuhungu we w'imfura, iyo abikwiriye.<ref name="matin" /> == Imigenzo y'ibwami == Buri wa Gatanu mu gitondo, imbere y'ingoro, haba umuhango witwa "kugenda kw'ikinyoma". Mogho Naaba asohoka yambaye imyenda itukura y'intambara. Aba yiteguye kurira ifarasi. Abaminisitiri baramubuza. Hanyuma agaruka yambaye imyenda yera, ibara ry'amahoro.<ref name="vox">{{Cite web |url=https://www.voxkultur.com/2020/08/21/rituels-immemoriaux-le-faux-depart-du-mogho-naba/ |title=Rituels immémoriaux : Le faux départ du Mogho Naba |website=Vox Kultur |date=2020-08-21 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba avuga Ikimore gusa. Avugana n'abashyitsi binyuze ku muvugizi we.<ref name="matin" /> Ntibyemewe kuvuga izina rye ry'irangamimerere.<ref name="matin" /> Ingoro ye yitwa Panghin. Iri mu gace ka Bilbalogho, i Wagadugu.<ref name="matin" /> == Inama y'abaminisitiri == Mogho Naaba afashwa n'inama y'abaminisitiri gakondo. Buri minisitiri afite inshingano ze. Benshi muri bo ni n'abatware b'uduce twa kera twa Wagadugu.<ref name="cons">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burkinafaso-cotedazur.fr/mogho-naba |title=Mogho Naba |website=Consulat du Burkina Faso de Nice |date=2014-11-28 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri abo baminisitiri harimo: * [[Tansoba Naaba]], minisitiri w'intambara; * [[Ouidi Naaba]], minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi; * [[Goungha Naaba]], minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru; * [[Baloum Naaba]], minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami; * [[Larlé Naaba]], minisitiri w'imva z'abami; * [[Kamsonghin Naaba]], minisitiri w'urubyiruko; * [[Dapoya Naaba]], minisitiri w'umutekano; * [[Poe Naaba]], minisitiri w'ubutabera; * [[Samandin Naaba]], [[Neem Naaba]] na [[Balkuy Naaba]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mogho Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 4ak7xq9gtglbutqkf17qwb5bwy9o098 149505 149502 2026-11-08T05:02:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 149505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Mogho Naaba | image = [[File:BF-Ouaga-Entrée du Palais du Mogho Naaba (Roi) (cropped).jpg|250px]] | caption = Irembo ry'ingoro ya Mogho Naaba, i Wagadugu | label1 = Ubwami | data1 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label3 = Ishingwa | data3 = Ikinyejana cya 12 (dukurikije imigani) | label4 = Umwami wa mbere | data4 = Ouedraogo | label5 = Umwami w'ubu | data5 = Naaba Baongho II (kuva mu 1982) | label6 = Igihe cy'ubutegetsi | data6 = Ubuzima bwe bwose | label7 = Aho atuye | data7 = Ingoro ya Panghin, i Wagadugu }} '''Mogho Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Mogho Naba'', ''Moro Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu Kimore, iryo zina risobanura "umutware w'isi": ''naaba'' ni "umutware", ''mogho'' ni "isi". Mogho Naaba ategeka ubuzima bwe bwose. Atorwa n'abatware bakuru b'ibwami, mu bakomoka kuri Oubri. Muri iki gihe nta bubasha afite mu mategeko. Ariko yubahwa cyane nk'umujyanama w'igihugu. == Amateka == Dukurikije imigani y'abakurambere, Ouedraogo yashinze ubwami bw'Abamosi mu kinyejana cya 12. Umwuzukuru we Oubri ni we wabaye Mogho Naaba wa mbere wa Wagadugu. Oubri yashinze umujyi wa Wagadugu.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Buri gitondo, urutonde rw'abami bose rusomwa imbere ya Mogho Naaba.<ref name="matin">{{Cite web |url=https://matinlibre.com/index.php/international/item/1252-mogho-naba-le-chef-des-mossi-et-chef-spirituel-du-burkina |title=Mogho Naba : Le chef des Mossi et chef spirituel du Burkina |website=Matin Libre |date=2014-12-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 1958, Mogho Naaba Kougri yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi. Nyuma yaho, Perezida Maurice Yaméogo yakuyeho itegeko ryagengaga abatware gakondo.<ref name="monde">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/01/23/au-burkina-la-chefferie-traditionnelle-peut-restaurer-le-dialogue-et-la-cohesion-sociale_6026979_3212.html |title=Au Burkina, la chefferie traditionnelle peut restaurer le dialogue et la cohésion sociale |author=Sophie Douce |website=Le Monde |date=2020-01-23 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa [[Thomas Sankara]], ububasha bw'abatware gakondo bwaragabanyijwe kurushaho.<ref name="monde" /> Muri iki gihe, Mogho Naaba ni umuhuza wumvwa mu makimbirane ya politiki.<ref name="matin" /> Mu 2015, Isaac Zida, wayoboraga inzibacyuho, yahungiye kwa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="ja15">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/233386/politique/burkina-zida-l-affranchi/ |title=Burkina : Zida l'affranchi |author=Benjamin Roger |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2015-06-02 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba w'ubu ni Naaba Baongho II. Yatangiye gutegeka ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1982.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2601p074-075.xml0/blaise-compaore-cdp-ceni-thomas-sankarafigures-de-la-societe-civile-burkinabe.html |title=Figures de la société civile burkinabè |website=Jeune Afrique |language=fr}}</ref> == Urutonde rw'abami == Uru rutonde rukurikiza uko Yamba Tiendrebeogo yatondekanyije abami n'amatariki yabo.<ref name="tie" /> Ibikorwa by'abami bikomoka mu gitabo cya Leo Frobenius, ''Histoire et contes des Mossi''.<ref name="frob">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |pages=1–17 |language=fr}}</ref> Frobenius akoresha amazina atandukanye gato ku bami bamwe. Uko abatondekanya na byo bitandukana ahantu hake. Inkingi "Urup." yerekana impapuro z'icyo gitabo. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;" ! No !! Umwami !! Ingoma !! Ibikorwa by'ingenzi !! Urup. |- | 1 || Naaba Ouedraogo || ? – 1132 || Uwashinze ubwami. Frobenius amwita Ouidi Rogo. Yagabye igitero kugera i Timbuktu. || 1–2 |- | 2 || Naaba Zoungrana || 1132 – 1182 || Yarwanye n'Abaninisi, abasubiza inyuma iburengerazuba. || 3 |- | 3 || Naaba Oubri || 1182 – 1244 || Yubatse umujyi wa Wagadugu. Yasunikiye Abagurunsi hakurya y'uruzi rwa Volta. Yashyinguwe i Oubritenga. || 3–4 |- | 4 || Naaba Naskiemdé || 1244 – 1286 || Imigani ivuga bike ku ngoma ye. || 4 |- | 5 || Naaba Nasbiré || 1286 – 1307 || Intara za Kayo na Yatenga zaraguka. Yahaye abahungu be intara zo ku mipaka. || 5–6 |- | 6 || Naaba Soarba || 1307 – 1323 || Frobenius amwita Sorroba. Yashyizeho igitambo cy'inka ku mva y'umwami wapfuye. Yashyizeho amategeko menshi. || 4 |- | 7 || Naaba Gningnemdo || 1323 – 1337 || Yahaye ruswa abatware kugira ngo umuhungu we amusimbure. || 6–7 |- | 8 || Naaba Koundoumié || 1337 – 1358 || Yagabanyije igihugu mu ntara nini. Yashinze intara za Boussouma na Yako. || 7–8 |- | 9 || Naaba Kouda || 1358 – 1401 || Yarwanye intambara nyinshi. Yashyize abahungu be ku buyobozi bw'intara. || 8 |- | 10 || Naaba Dawingma || 1401 – 1409 || Frobenius amwita Dangoegoma. Yari umurwanyi w'intwari. Yasabye ko murumuna we amusimbura. || 8–9 |- | 11 || Naaba Zoétré Bousma || 1409 – 1441 || Murumuna wa Dawingma. Yimye ingoma ku bushake bwa mukuru we. || 9–10 |- | 12 || Naaba Niandfo || 1441 – 1511 || Yategetse igihe kirekire. Ikirundo cy'ivu cy'i Wagadugu cyitiriwe izina rye. || 10 |- | 13 || Naaba Nakim || 1511 – 1541 || — || — |- | 14 || Naaba Namégué || 1541 – 1542 || Yarwanye n'Ababusansi na Boussouma. Yaguye ku rugamba. || 10 |- | 15 || Naaba Kilba || 1542 – 1561 || — || — |- | 16 || Naaba Kimba || 1561 – 1582 || Yategetse ashaje cyane. || 10 |- | 17 || Naaba Goalba || 1582 – 1599 || Frobenius amwita Gobaga. Yari umugome ku batware b'ubwami. || 11 |- | 18 || Naaba Guirga || 1599 – 1605 || Frobenius amwita Guiliga. Avugwa nk'umwe mu bami b'abagome cyane. || 11 |- | 19 || Naaba Zanna || 1605 – 1633 || Frobenius amwita Sana. Ku ngoma ye habaye amapfa. Yarirukanywe, nyuma aragarurwa. || 10–11 |- | 20 || Naaba Oubi || 1633 – 1659 || Yakoreshaga iminsi mikuru minini, agaha abatware impano. || 11–12 |- | 21 || Naaba Motiba || 1659 – 1666 || Frobenius amwita Ouatouba. Yarwanye intambara nto iburengerazuba. Yaguye ku rugamba. || 12 |- | 22 || Naaba Warga || 1666 – 1681 || Frobenius amwita Ouaraga. Yagabye ibitero mu majyaruguru. Yashinze umujyi wa La. || 12 |- | 23 || Naaba Zombré || 1681 – 1744 || Frobenius amwita Doumbouri. Yategetse mu mahoro. Yimuriye isoko hafi y'ingoro. || 12–13 |- | 24 || Naaba Koom I || 1744 – 1762 || Nyina yari Umuyisilamu. Yakurikije inyigisho z'Ubuyisilamu. || 13–14 |- | 25 || Naaba Saagha I || 1762 – 1783 || Yarwanye na ba se wabo. Yakuwe ku ngoma, amara imyaka itatu i Sapone. || 14 |- | 26 || Naaba Doulougou || 1783 – 1802 || Yarwanye intambara nyinshi, cyane cyane na Boussouma. Yishwe n'umwambi. || 14–15 |- | 27 || Naaba Sawadogo || 1802 – 1834 || Yibukwa ku bushishozi n'ubuhanga mu mishyikirano. || 15 |- | 28 || Naaba Karfo || 1834 – 1842 || Yahosheje ubwigomeke bwa [[Ouidi Naaba]]. || 15–16 |- | 29 || Naaba Baongho I || 1842 – 1850 || Frobenius amwita Bongo. Yari umugome. Yanekaga abaturage be. || 16 |- | 30 || Naaba Koutou || 1850 – 1871 || Yasenye umujyi wa Sourroukou wari wigometse. || 16–17 |- | 31 || Naaba Sanem || 1871 – 1889 || Abanyaburayi ba mbere, Krause na Binger, bageze i Wagadugu. || 17 |- | 32 || Naaba Wobgho || 1889 – 1897 || Igihe Abafaransa bazaga, yahungiye mu majyepfo. Yapfiriye mu buhungiro. || 17 |- | 33 || Naaba Siguiri || 1897 – 1905 || Yakoranye n'Abafaransa. || 17 |- | 34 || Naaba Koom II || 1905 – 1942 || — || — |- | 35 || Naaba Saagha II || 1942 – 1957 || — || — |- | 36 || Naaba Kougri || 1957 – 1982 || Yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi mu 1958.<ref name="monde" /> || — |- | 37 || Naaba Baongho II || Kuva mu 1982 || Umuhuza mu makimbirane ya politiki.<ref name="matin" /> || — |} == Uko atorwa == Iyo Mogho Naaba apfuye, inama y'ibwami itora umusimbura mu bahungu be. Akenshi ni umuhungu we w'imfura, iyo abikwiriye.<ref name="matin" /> == Imigenzo y'ibwami == Buri wa Gatanu mu gitondo, imbere y'ingoro, haba umuhango witwa "kugenda kw'ikinyoma". Mogho Naaba asohoka yambaye imyenda itukura y'intambara. Aba yiteguye kurira ifarasi. Abaminisitiri baramubuza. Hanyuma agaruka yambaye imyenda yera, ibara ry'amahoro.<ref name="vox">{{Cite web |url=https://www.voxkultur.com/2020/08/21/rituels-immemoriaux-le-faux-depart-du-mogho-naba/ |title=Rituels immémoriaux : Le faux départ du Mogho Naba |website=Vox Kultur |date=2020-08-21 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba avuga Ikimore gusa. Avugana n'abashyitsi binyuze ku muvugizi we.<ref name="matin" /> Ntibyemewe kuvuga izina rye ry'irangamimerere.<ref name="matin" /> Ingoro ye yitwa Panghin. Iri mu gace ka Bilbalogho, i Wagadugu.<ref name="matin" /> == Inama y'abaminisitiri == Mogho Naaba afashwa n'inama y'abaminisitiri gakondo. Buri minisitiri afite inshingano ze. Benshi muri bo ni n'abatware b'uduce twa kera twa Wagadugu.<ref name="cons">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burkinafaso-cotedazur.fr/mogho-naba |title=Mogho Naba |website=Consulat du Burkina Faso de Nice |date=2014-11-28 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri abo baminisitiri harimo: * [[Tansoba Naaba]], minisitiri w'intambara; * [[Ouidi Naaba]], minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi; * [[Goungha Naaba]], minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru; * [[Baloum Naaba]], minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami; * [[Larlé Naaba]], minisitiri w'imva z'abami; * [[Kamsonghin Naaba]], minisitiri w'urubyiruko; * [[Dapoya Naaba]], minisitiri w'umutekano; * [[Poe Naaba]], minisitiri w'ubutabera; * [[Samandin Naaba]], [[Neem Naaba]] na [[Balkuy Naaba]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mogho Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] ksp1e48u1dsmn52lyg2ihgu2xe3t5n0 149525 149505 2026-11-08T07:47:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 149525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Mogho Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:BF-Ouaga-Entrée du Palais du Mogho Naaba (Roi) (cropped).jpg|250px]] | caption = Irembo ry'ingoro ya Mogho Naaba, i Wagadugu | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Ishingwa | data4 = Ikinyejana cya 12 (dukurikije imigani) | label5 = Umwami wa mbere | data5 = Ouedraogo | label6 = Umwami w'ubu | data6 = Naaba Baongho II (kuva mu 1982) | label7 = Igihe cy'ubutegetsi | data7 = Ubuzima bwe bwose | label8 = Aho atuye | data8 = Ingoro ya Panghin, i Wagadugu }} '''Mogho Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Mogho Naba'', ''Moro Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu Kimore, iryo zina risobanura "umutware w'isi": ''naaba'' ni "umutware", ''mogho'' ni "isi". Mogho Naaba ategeka ubuzima bwe bwose. Atorwa n'abatware bakuru b'ibwami, mu bakomoka kuri Oubri. Muri iki gihe nta bubasha afite mu mategeko. Ariko yubahwa cyane nk'umujyanama w'igihugu. == Amateka == Dukurikije imigani y'abakurambere, Ouedraogo yashinze ubwami bw'Abamosi mu kinyejana cya 12. Umwuzukuru we Oubri ni we wabaye Mogho Naaba wa mbere wa Wagadugu. Oubri yashinze umujyi wa Wagadugu.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Buri gitondo, urutonde rw'abami bose rusomwa imbere ya Mogho Naaba.<ref name="matin">{{Cite web |url=https://matinlibre.com/index.php/international/item/1252-mogho-naba-le-chef-des-mossi-et-chef-spirituel-du-burkina |title=Mogho Naba : Le chef des Mossi et chef spirituel du Burkina |website=Matin Libre |date=2014-12-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 1958, Mogho Naaba Kougri yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi. Nyuma yaho, Perezida Maurice Yaméogo yakuyeho itegeko ryagengaga abatware gakondo.<ref name="monde">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/01/23/au-burkina-la-chefferie-traditionnelle-peut-restaurer-le-dialogue-et-la-cohesion-sociale_6026979_3212.html |title=Au Burkina, la chefferie traditionnelle peut restaurer le dialogue et la cohésion sociale |author=Sophie Douce |website=Le Monde |date=2020-01-23 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa [[Thomas Sankara]], ububasha bw'abatware gakondo bwaragabanyijwe kurushaho.<ref name="monde" /> Muri iki gihe, Mogho Naaba ni umuhuza wumvwa mu makimbirane ya politiki.<ref name="matin" /> Mu 2015, Isaac Zida, wayoboraga inzibacyuho, yahungiye kwa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="ja15">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/233386/politique/burkina-zida-l-affranchi/ |title=Burkina : Zida l'affranchi |author=Benjamin Roger |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2015-06-02 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba w'ubu ni Naaba Baongho II. Yatangiye gutegeka ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1982.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2601p074-075.xml0/blaise-compaore-cdp-ceni-thomas-sankarafigures-de-la-societe-civile-burkinabe.html |title=Figures de la société civile burkinabè |website=Jeune Afrique |language=fr}}</ref> == Urutonde rw'abami == Uru rutonde rukurikiza uko Yamba Tiendrebeogo yatondekanyije abami n'amatariki yabo.<ref name="tie" /> Ibikorwa by'abami bikomoka mu gitabo cya Leo Frobenius, ''Histoire et contes des Mossi''.<ref name="frob">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |pages=1–17 |language=fr}}</ref> Frobenius akoresha amazina atandukanye gato ku bami bamwe. Uko abatondekanya na byo bitandukana ahantu hake. Inkingi "Urup." yerekana impapuro z'icyo gitabo. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;" ! No !! Umwami !! Ingoma !! Ibikorwa by'ingenzi !! Urup. |- | 1 || Naaba Ouedraogo || ? – 1132 || Uwashinze ubwami. Frobenius amwita Ouidi Rogo. Yagabye igitero kugera i Timbuktu. || 1–2 |- | 2 || Naaba Zoungrana || 1132 – 1182 || Yarwanye n'Abaninisi, abasubiza inyuma iburengerazuba. || 3 |- | 3 || Naaba Oubri || 1182 – 1244 || Yubatse umujyi wa Wagadugu. Yasunikiye Abagurunsi hakurya y'uruzi rwa Volta. Yashyinguwe i Oubritenga. || 3–4 |- | 4 || Naaba Naskiemdé || 1244 – 1286 || Imigani ivuga bike ku ngoma ye. || 4 |- | 5 || Naaba Nasbiré || 1286 – 1307 || Intara za Kayo na Yatenga zaraguka. Yahaye abahungu be intara zo ku mipaka. || 5–6 |- | 6 || Naaba Soarba || 1307 – 1323 || Frobenius amwita Sorroba. Yashyizeho igitambo cy'inka ku mva y'umwami wapfuye. Yashyizeho amategeko menshi. || 4 |- | 7 || Naaba Gningnemdo || 1323 – 1337 || Yahaye ruswa abatware kugira ngo umuhungu we amusimbure. || 6–7 |- | 8 || Naaba Koundoumié || 1337 – 1358 || Yagabanyije igihugu mu ntara nini. Yashinze intara za Boussouma na Yako. || 7–8 |- | 9 || Naaba Kouda || 1358 – 1401 || Yarwanye intambara nyinshi. Yashyize abahungu be ku buyobozi bw'intara. || 8 |- | 10 || Naaba Dawingma || 1401 – 1409 || Frobenius amwita Dangoegoma. Yari umurwanyi w'intwari. Yasabye ko murumuna we amusimbura. || 8–9 |- | 11 || Naaba Zoétré Bousma || 1409 – 1441 || Murumuna wa Dawingma. Yimye ingoma ku bushake bwa mukuru we. || 9–10 |- | 12 || Naaba Niandfo || 1441 – 1511 || Yategetse igihe kirekire. Ikirundo cy'ivu cy'i Wagadugu cyitiriwe izina rye. || 10 |- | 13 || Naaba Nakim || 1511 – 1541 || — || — |- | 14 || Naaba Namégué || 1541 – 1542 || Yarwanye n'Ababusansi na Boussouma. Yaguye ku rugamba. || 10 |- | 15 || Naaba Kilba || 1542 – 1561 || — || — |- | 16 || Naaba Kimba || 1561 – 1582 || Yategetse ashaje cyane. || 10 |- | 17 || Naaba Goalba || 1582 – 1599 || Frobenius amwita Gobaga. Yari umugome ku batware b'ubwami. || 11 |- | 18 || Naaba Guirga || 1599 – 1605 || Frobenius amwita Guiliga. Avugwa nk'umwe mu bami b'abagome cyane. || 11 |- | 19 || Naaba Zanna || 1605 – 1633 || Frobenius amwita Sana. Ku ngoma ye habaye amapfa. Yarirukanywe, nyuma aragarurwa. || 10–11 |- | 20 || Naaba Oubi || 1633 – 1659 || Yakoreshaga iminsi mikuru minini, agaha abatware impano. || 11–12 |- | 21 || Naaba Motiba || 1659 – 1666 || Frobenius amwita Ouatouba. Yarwanye intambara nto iburengerazuba. Yaguye ku rugamba. || 12 |- | 22 || Naaba Warga || 1666 – 1681 || Frobenius amwita Ouaraga. Yagabye ibitero mu majyaruguru. Yashinze umujyi wa La. || 12 |- | 23 || Naaba Zombré || 1681 – 1744 || Frobenius amwita Doumbouri. Yategetse mu mahoro. Yimuriye isoko hafi y'ingoro. || 12–13 |- | 24 || Naaba Koom I || 1744 – 1762 || Nyina yari Umuyisilamu. Yakurikije inyigisho z'Ubuyisilamu. || 13–14 |- | 25 || Naaba Saagha I || 1762 – 1783 || Yarwanye na ba se wabo. Yakuwe ku ngoma, amara imyaka itatu i Sapone. || 14 |- | 26 || Naaba Doulougou || 1783 – 1802 || Yarwanye intambara nyinshi, cyane cyane na Boussouma. Yishwe n'umwambi. || 14–15 |- | 27 || Naaba Sawadogo || 1802 – 1834 || Yibukwa ku bushishozi n'ubuhanga mu mishyikirano. || 15 |- | 28 || Naaba Karfo || 1834 – 1842 || Yahosheje ubwigomeke bwa [[Ouidi Naaba]]. || 15–16 |- | 29 || Naaba Baongho I || 1842 – 1850 || Frobenius amwita Bongo. Yari umugome. Yanekaga abaturage be. || 16 |- | 30 || Naaba Koutou || 1850 – 1871 || Yasenye umujyi wa Sourroukou wari wigometse. || 16–17 |- | 31 || Naaba Sanem || 1871 – 1889 || Abanyaburayi ba mbere, Krause na Binger, bageze i Wagadugu. || 17 |- | 32 || Naaba Wobgho || 1889 – 1897 || Igihe Abafaransa bazaga, yahungiye mu majyepfo. Yapfiriye mu buhungiro. || 17 |- | 33 || Naaba Siguiri || 1897 – 1905 || Yakoranye n'Abafaransa. || 17 |- | 34 || Naaba Koom II || 1905 – 1942 || — || — |- | 35 || Naaba Saagha II || 1942 – 1957 || — || — |- | 36 || Naaba Kougri || 1957 – 1982 || Yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi mu 1958.<ref name="monde" /> || — |- | 37 || Naaba Baongho II || Kuva mu 1982 || Umuhuza mu makimbirane ya politiki.<ref name="matin" /> || — |} == Uko atorwa == Iyo Mogho Naaba apfuye, inama y'ibwami itora umusimbura mu bahungu be. Akenshi ni umuhungu we w'imfura, iyo abikwiriye.<ref name="matin" /> == Imigenzo y'ibwami == Buri wa Gatanu mu gitondo, imbere y'ingoro, haba umuhango witwa "kugenda kw'ikinyoma". Mogho Naaba asohoka yambaye imyenda itukura y'intambara. Aba yiteguye kurira ifarasi. Abaminisitiri baramubuza. Hanyuma agaruka yambaye imyenda yera, ibara ry'amahoro.<ref name="vox">{{Cite web |url=https://www.voxkultur.com/2020/08/21/rituels-immemoriaux-le-faux-depart-du-mogho-naba/ |title=Rituels immémoriaux : Le faux départ du Mogho Naba |website=Vox Kultur |date=2020-08-21 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba avuga Ikimore gusa. Avugana n'abashyitsi binyuze ku muvugizi we.<ref name="matin" /> Ntibyemewe kuvuga izina rye ry'irangamimerere.<ref name="matin" /> Ingoro ye yitwa Panghin. Iri mu gace ka Bilbalogho, i Wagadugu.<ref name="matin" /> == Inama y'abaminisitiri == Mogho Naaba afashwa n'inama y'abaminisitiri gakondo. Buri minisitiri afite inshingano ze. Benshi muri bo ni n'abatware b'uduce twa kera twa Wagadugu.<ref name="cons">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burkinafaso-cotedazur.fr/mogho-naba |title=Mogho Naba |website=Consulat du Burkina Faso de Nice |date=2014-11-28 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri abo baminisitiri harimo: * [[Tansoba Naaba]], minisitiri w'intambara; * [[Ouidi Naaba]], minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi; * [[Goungha Naaba]], minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru; * [[Baloum Naaba]], minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami; * [[Larlé Naaba]], minisitiri w'imva z'abami; * [[Kamsonghin Naaba]], minisitiri w'urubyiruko; * [[Dapoya Naaba]], minisitiri w'umutekano; * [[Poe Naaba]], minisitiri w'ubutabera; * [[Samandin Naaba]], [[Neem Naaba]] na [[Balkuy Naaba]]. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mogho Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] h6zjaysa7sbgu9us50k69muvxhn37p0 0 24120 149504 2026-11-08T04:43:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Tansoba Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'intambara | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Tãsobentẽnga (Saaba) | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Tansoba Naaba''' (mu Kimore: ''tãsoaba''; ubwinshi: ''tãsob-n-dãmba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Iryo zina ryi..." 149504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Tansoba Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'intambara | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Tãsobentẽnga (Saaba) | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Tansoba Naaba''' (mu Kimore: ''tãsoaba''; ubwinshi: ''tãsob-n-dãmba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Iryo zina ryitwa kandi Mouss-Tansoba cyangwa Rim-Tansoba. Tansoba ni umutware w'ingabo. Inshingano ye ni kurinda ubwami cyangwa ubutware. Mu bwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], Tansoba mukuru ni umwe mu batware bakuru ba [[Mogho Naaba]]. Ni we muyobozi w'ingabo gakondo. == Inkomoko y'izina == Ijambo ''tãsoaba'' rikomoka kuri ''tãpo'', bisobanura "umuheto", na ''soaba'', bisobanura "nyir'ikintu". Bityo iryo zina risobanura "nyir'umuheto".<ref name="kab">{{Cite web |url=https://fastef.ucad.sn/liens/LIEN30/v1_liens30_article2.pdf |title=Les devises du Tãsoaba, une source d'inspiration pour la lutte contre l'extrémisme violent |author=Barthélemy Kaboré |website=Liens Nouvelle Série |date=2020 |language=fr}}</ref> Umuheto ni ikimenyetso cy'intambara no kurinda igihugu.<ref name="kab" /> == Amateka == Hari imigani myinshi ivuga inkomoko y'iri zina. Nk'uko Yamba Tiendrebéogo abivuga, Tansoba yari umwe mu batware b'Abaninisi. Abo batware bategekaga akarere ka Wagadugu mbere y'Abamosi.<ref name="kab" /> Undi mugani uhuza iri zina na Oubri, washinze ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Oubri yashyize mu ngabo ze abarwanyi b'i Tãsobentẽnga. Umwe muri bo yari umuhanga mu kurasa umuheto. Yiswe ''Tãp-soaba''.<ref name="zou">{{Cite web |url=https://revues.acaref.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/01/22-ZOUNGRANA-Moumouni.pdf |title=Devises et représentations sociales du Tãsoaba de Tãsobentẽnga |author=Moumouni Zoungrana, Sida-Léon Dakissaga |website=Revue DELLA/Afrique |date=2023 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Tansoba ayobora abarwanyi. Ategura uburinzi bw'igihugu ngo kidaterwa. Arinda kandi umwami n'ibwami. Mu gihe cy'intambara, ayobora ingabo, cyane cyane abarashi b'imiheto.<ref name="kab" /> Tansoba mukuru ni umwe mu batware b'inama ya Mogho Naaba. Yitwa "umutware w'intambara".<ref name="kab" /> Ari no mu bitabira itorwa rya Mogho Naaba mushya.<ref name="mcf">{{Cite book |url=https://sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files/daniel_miles_mcfarland_historical_dictionary_of_book4you.pdf |title=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso |author=Daniel Miles McFarland, Lawrence A. Rupley |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=1998 |language=en |page=134}}</ref> == Tãsobentẽnga == Tãsobentẽnga ni icyicaro gakondo cya Tansoba mukuru. Uyu mudugudu uri nko mu birometero 25 iburasirazuba bwa Wagadugu, mu karere ka Saaba.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=8347&page=impression |title=Chefferie coutumière : Mouss Tansoba fait allégeance au Mogho Naba |author=Étienne Nassa |website=LeFaso.net |date=2005-07-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba ni we wimika Tansoba. Tansoba ni umutware wa Tãsobentẽnga n'umutware mukuru w'abarashi b'imiheto.<ref name="zou" /> Ubusanzwe ntajya i Wagadugu, keretse umwami amuhamagaye cyangwa mu minsi mikuru yihariye.<ref name="lf" /> Ibimenyetso bye ni umuheto, imyambi, icumu n'inkota. Tansoba mukuru yambara ingofero itukura.<ref name="zou" /> == Abagize iri zina == Mouss Tansoba Liguidi yategetse kuva mu 1934 kugeza apfuye mu 1982. Intebe yamaze igihe nta muntu uyiriho, kugeza ku wa 1 Gicurasi 2001.<ref name="lf" /> Uwo munsi, umuhungu we Guiguemdé yarimitswe. Yari Tansoba wa 12.<ref name="n14">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/ministere-de-la-defense-du-mogho-dim-tansoaba-guiguemde-prend/ |title=Ministère de la Défense du Moogho : Dim-Tansoaba Guiguemdé prend… |website=NetAfrique |date=2014-06-17 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2022.<ref name="n22">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/communique-necrologique-deces-de-son-excellence-le-rim-tansoba-mouss-tansoba/ |title=Communiqué nécrologique : Décès de son Excellence le Rim-Tansoba (Mouss Tansoba) |website=NetAfrique |date=2022-11-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2024, Blaise Talato Yerbanga yimitswe na Mogho Naaba Baongho. Ni umuhungu w'imfura wa Guiguemdé. Yari Rim-Tansoba wa 13.<ref name="inf">{{Cite web |url=https://www.infosculturedufaso.net/ouagadougou-le-13e-rim-tansoba-accede-au-trone-a-sabtenga/ |title=Ouagadougou : Le 13e Rim-Tansoba accède au trône à Sabtenga |author=Parfait Fabrice Sawadogo |website=Infos Culture du Faso |date=2024-07-10 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2024.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2024/10/21/communique-necrologique-deces-de-son-excellence-le-rim-tansoba-belempinkamouss-tansoba-chef-de-canton-de-sabtenga-grand-maitre-des-archers-et-ministre-de-guerre-du-mogho-naba-faire-part/ |title=Communiqué nécrologique : Décès de son Excellence le Rim-Tansoba Belempinka |website=Burkina24 |date=2024-10-21 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tansoba Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 716ilsgb9sc7pf23fyo2118gep935pj 149526 149504 2026-11-08T07:47:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 149526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Tansoba Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0863.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'intambara | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Tãsobentẽnga (Saaba) | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umwimika | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Tansoba Naaba''' (mu Kimore: ''tãsoaba''; ubwinshi: ''tãsob-n-dãmba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Iryo zina ryitwa kandi Mouss-Tansoba cyangwa Rim-Tansoba. Tansoba ni umutware w'ingabo. Inshingano ye ni kurinda ubwami cyangwa ubutware. Mu bwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], Tansoba mukuru ni umwe mu batware bakuru ba [[Mogho Naaba]]. Ni we muyobozi w'ingabo gakondo. == Inkomoko y'izina == Ijambo ''tãsoaba'' rikomoka kuri ''tãpo'', bisobanura "umuheto", na ''soaba'', bisobanura "nyir'ikintu". Bityo iryo zina risobanura "nyir'umuheto".<ref name="kab">{{Cite web |url=https://fastef.ucad.sn/liens/LIEN30/v1_liens30_article2.pdf |title=Les devises du Tãsoaba, une source d'inspiration pour la lutte contre l'extrémisme violent |author=Barthélemy Kaboré |website=Liens Nouvelle Série |date=2020 |language=fr}}</ref> Umuheto ni ikimenyetso cy'intambara no kurinda igihugu.<ref name="kab" /> == Amateka == Hari imigani myinshi ivuga inkomoko y'iri zina. Nk'uko Yamba Tiendrebéogo abivuga, Tansoba yari umwe mu batware b'Abaninisi. Abo batware bategekaga akarere ka Wagadugu mbere y'Abamosi.<ref name="kab" /> Undi mugani uhuza iri zina na Oubri, washinze ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Oubri yashyize mu ngabo ze abarwanyi b'i Tãsobentẽnga. Umwe muri bo yari umuhanga mu kurasa umuheto. Yiswe ''Tãp-soaba''.<ref name="zou">{{Cite web |url=https://revues.acaref.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/01/22-ZOUNGRANA-Moumouni.pdf |title=Devises et représentations sociales du Tãsoaba de Tãsobentẽnga |author=Moumouni Zoungrana, Sida-Léon Dakissaga |website=Revue DELLA/Afrique |date=2023 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Tansoba ayobora abarwanyi. Ategura uburinzi bw'igihugu ngo kidaterwa. Arinda kandi umwami n'ibwami. Mu gihe cy'intambara, ayobora ingabo, cyane cyane abarashi b'imiheto.<ref name="kab" /> Tansoba mukuru ni umwe mu batware b'inama ya Mogho Naaba. Yitwa "umutware w'intambara".<ref name="kab" /> Ari no mu bitabira itorwa rya Mogho Naaba mushya.<ref name="mcf">{{Cite book |url=https://sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files/daniel_miles_mcfarland_historical_dictionary_of_book4you.pdf |title=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso |author=Daniel Miles McFarland, Lawrence A. Rupley |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=1998 |language=en |page=134}}</ref> == Tãsobentẽnga == Tãsobentẽnga ni icyicaro gakondo cya Tansoba mukuru. Uyu mudugudu uri nko mu birometero 25 iburasirazuba bwa Wagadugu, mu karere ka Saaba.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=8347&page=impression |title=Chefferie coutumière : Mouss Tansoba fait allégeance au Mogho Naba |author=Étienne Nassa |website=LeFaso.net |date=2005-07-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Mogho Naaba ni we wimika Tansoba. Tansoba ni umutware wa Tãsobentẽnga n'umutware mukuru w'abarashi b'imiheto.<ref name="zou" /> Ubusanzwe ntajya i Wagadugu, keretse umwami amuhamagaye cyangwa mu minsi mikuru yihariye.<ref name="lf" /> Ibimenyetso bye ni umuheto, imyambi, icumu n'inkota. Tansoba mukuru yambara ingofero itukura.<ref name="zou" /> == Abagize iri zina == Mouss Tansoba Liguidi yategetse kuva mu 1934 kugeza apfuye mu 1982. Intebe yamaze igihe nta muntu uyiriho, kugeza ku wa 1 Gicurasi 2001.<ref name="lf" /> Uwo munsi, umuhungu we Guiguemdé yarimitswe. Yari Tansoba wa 12.<ref name="n14">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/ministere-de-la-defense-du-mogho-dim-tansoaba-guiguemde-prend/ |title=Ministère de la Défense du Moogho : Dim-Tansoaba Guiguemdé prend… |website=NetAfrique |date=2014-06-17 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2022.<ref name="n22">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/communique-necrologique-deces-de-son-excellence-le-rim-tansoba-mouss-tansoba/ |title=Communiqué nécrologique : Décès de son Excellence le Rim-Tansoba (Mouss Tansoba) |website=NetAfrique |date=2022-11-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 9 Nyakanga 2024, Blaise Talato Yerbanga yimitswe na Mogho Naaba Baongho. Ni umuhungu w'imfura wa Guiguemdé. Yari Rim-Tansoba wa 13.<ref name="inf">{{Cite web |url=https://www.infosculturedufaso.net/ouagadougou-le-13e-rim-tansoba-accede-au-trone-a-sabtenga/ |title=Ouagadougou : Le 13e Rim-Tansoba accède au trône à Sabtenga |author=Parfait Fabrice Sawadogo |website=Infos Culture du Faso |date=2024-07-10 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2024.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2024/10/21/communique-necrologique-deces-de-son-excellence-le-rim-tansoba-belempinkamouss-tansoba-chef-de-canton-de-sabtenga-grand-maitre-des-archers-et-ministre-de-guerre-du-mogho-naba-faire-part/ |title=Communiqué nécrologique : Décès de son Excellence le Rim-Tansoba Belempinka |website=Burkina24 |date=2024-10-21 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tansoba Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] dn5crkfgh7c33eouxug30x628ak5frd 0 24121 149511 2026-11-08T06:22:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Ouidi Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Ouidi, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Ouidi Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Ouidi Naba'', ''Ouid-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ga..." 149511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Ouidi Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Ouidi, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Ouidi Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Ouidi Naba'', ''Ouid-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ibwami. Ubusanzwe ni umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi na minisitiri w'intebe gakondo. == Inshingano == Ouidi Naaba afasha Mogho Naaba gutegeka ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Yamba Tiendrebeogo amuvuga nka minisitiri w'intebe w'inama y'ibwami.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mateka, Ouidi Naaba ni umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi. Ayobora ifarasi y'umwami mu ngendo no mu minsi mikuru.<ref name="gue">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/mots/762 |title=Un Français à la cour du Morho Naba |author=Olivia Guérin |website=Mots. Les langages du politique |date=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> Ni n'umutware w'agace ka Ouidi, agace ka kera k'i Wagadugu.<ref name="cons">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burkinafaso-cotedazur.fr/mogho-naba |title=Mogho Naba |website=Consulat du Burkina Faso de Nice |date=2014-11-28 |language=fr}}</ref> Ouidi Naaba afatwa nk'umukuru mu baminisitiri b'ibwami.<ref name="b24a">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/04/18/lutte-contre-le-terrorisme-le-moogho-naaba-baongo-apporte-7-millions-f-cfa-et-des-vivres-a-leffort-de-guerre/ |title=Lutte contre le terrorisme : le Moogho Naaba Baongo apporte 7 millions F CFA et des vivres à l'effort de guerre |author=Serge Pacôme Zongo |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-04-18 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu nama no mu minsi mikuru, ashobora gutangaza amagambo y'umwami.<ref name="aib">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-roi-offre-60-tonnes-de-cereales-et-du-materiel-a-des-deplaces/ |title=Burkina : un roi offre 60 tonnes de céréales et du matériel à des déplacés |website=Agence d'information du Burkina |date=2022-09-16 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="b24b">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/05/15/le-moogho-naaba-celebre-le-15-mai-en-mettant-laccent-sur-leducation-comme-pilier-de-la-societe/ |title=Le Moogho Naaba célèbre le 15-Mai en mettant l'accent sur l'éducation comme pilier de la société |author=Hamadou Ouedraogo |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-05-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Amateka == Igitabo cya Leo Frobenius kivuga Ouidi Naaba mu batware bakuru b'ubwami kuva kera.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku ngoma ya Mogho Naaba Karfo (1834–1842), Ouidi Naaba umwe yacuze umugambi wo kugirira nabi umwami afatanyije na Sondere Naaba. Abigometse baratsinzwe. Ouidi Naaba yishyikirije umwami. Nyuma yaho, Karfo yategetse ko yicwa mu ibanga.<ref name="fb15">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |pages=15–16 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Ouidi Naaba Karfo yamaze imyaka 54 kuri uyu mwanya. Yari umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi n'umukuru w'abaminisitiri ba Mogho Naaba Baongo. Yapfuye ku wa 27 Mutarama 2022, afite imyaka 86.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article110956 |title=Décès du Ouidi Naaba Karfo : sa nièce livre un émouvant témoignage |website=leFaso.net |date=2022-02-02 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 22 Werurwe 2022, Mogho Naaba Baongo yashyizeho Yamtaabangre Clément Évariste Rouamba ngo amusimbure. Ategeka Ouidi ku izina rya Naaba Kiiba.<ref name="obs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6404 |title=Nouveau Ouid-naaba : Évariste Rouamba devient Naaba Kiiba |website=L'Observateur Paalga |date=2022-03-22 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2026, yari akiri minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="lib">{{Cite web |url=https://libreinfo.net/chefferie-coutumiere-au-burkina-les-rois-saluent-la-loi-sur-la-justice-traditionnelle/ |title=Chefferie coutumière au Burkina : les rois saluent la loi sur la justice traditionnelle |website=Libreinfo |date=2026-04-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ouidi Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 4s8ov64mucembfo9hpq4ehspbx73wvq 149527 149511 2026-11-08T07:47:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 149527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Ouidi Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Ouagadougou, im Hofe des Moro Naba stehen buntgesattelte Pferde der Stammeshäuptlinge bereit-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0851.tif|250px]] | caption = Amafarasi atatse mu rugo rwa Mogho Naaba, i Wagadugu, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abarwanira ku mafarasi | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Ouidi, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Ouidi Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Ouidi Naba'', ''Ouid-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ibwami. Ubusanzwe ni umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi na minisitiri w'intebe gakondo. == Inshingano == Ouidi Naaba afasha Mogho Naaba gutegeka ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Yamba Tiendrebeogo amuvuga nka minisitiri w'intebe w'inama y'ibwami.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mateka, Ouidi Naaba ni umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi. Ayobora ifarasi y'umwami mu ngendo no mu minsi mikuru.<ref name="gue">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/mots/762 |title=Un Français à la cour du Morho Naba |author=Olivia Guérin |website=Mots. Les langages du politique |date=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> Ni n'umutware w'agace ka Ouidi, agace ka kera k'i Wagadugu.<ref name="cons">{{Cite web |url=http://www.burkinafaso-cotedazur.fr/mogho-naba |title=Mogho Naba |website=Consulat du Burkina Faso de Nice |date=2014-11-28 |language=fr}}</ref> Ouidi Naaba afatwa nk'umukuru mu baminisitiri b'ibwami.<ref name="b24a">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/04/18/lutte-contre-le-terrorisme-le-moogho-naaba-baongo-apporte-7-millions-f-cfa-et-des-vivres-a-leffort-de-guerre/ |title=Lutte contre le terrorisme : le Moogho Naaba Baongo apporte 7 millions F CFA et des vivres à l'effort de guerre |author=Serge Pacôme Zongo |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-04-18 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu nama no mu minsi mikuru, ashobora gutangaza amagambo y'umwami.<ref name="aib">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aib.media/burkina-un-roi-offre-60-tonnes-de-cereales-et-du-materiel-a-des-deplaces/ |title=Burkina : un roi offre 60 tonnes de céréales et du matériel à des déplacés |website=Agence d'information du Burkina |date=2022-09-16 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="b24b">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/05/15/le-moogho-naaba-celebre-le-15-mai-en-mettant-laccent-sur-leducation-comme-pilier-de-la-societe/ |title=Le Moogho Naaba célèbre le 15-Mai en mettant l'accent sur l'éducation comme pilier de la société |author=Hamadou Ouedraogo |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-05-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Amateka == Igitabo cya Leo Frobenius kivuga Ouidi Naaba mu batware bakuru b'ubwami kuva kera.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku ngoma ya Mogho Naaba Karfo (1834–1842), Ouidi Naaba umwe yacuze umugambi wo kugirira nabi umwami afatanyije na Sondere Naaba. Abigometse baratsinzwe. Ouidi Naaba yishyikirije umwami. Nyuma yaho, Karfo yategetse ko yicwa mu ibanga.<ref name="fb15">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |pages=15–16 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Ouidi Naaba Karfo yamaze imyaka 54 kuri uyu mwanya. Yari umutware w'abarwanira ku mafarasi n'umukuru w'abaminisitiri ba Mogho Naaba Baongo. Yapfuye ku wa 27 Mutarama 2022, afite imyaka 86.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article110956 |title=Décès du Ouidi Naaba Karfo : sa nièce livre un émouvant témoignage |website=leFaso.net |date=2022-02-02 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 22 Werurwe 2022, Mogho Naaba Baongo yashyizeho Yamtaabangre Clément Évariste Rouamba ngo amusimbure. Ategeka Ouidi ku izina rya Naaba Kiiba.<ref name="obs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6404 |title=Nouveau Ouid-naaba : Évariste Rouamba devient Naaba Kiiba |website=L'Observateur Paalga |date=2022-03-22 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2026, yari akiri minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="lib">{{Cite web |url=https://libreinfo.net/chefferie-coutumiere-au-burkina-les-rois-saluent-la-loi-sur-la-justice-traditionnelle/ |title=Chefferie coutumière au Burkina : les rois saluent la loi sur la justice traditionnelle |website=Libreinfo |date=2026-04-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ouidi Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 4muwj085y4wh9aknk0wvcu74g3kdqqo 0 24122 149512 2026-11-08T06:34:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Goungha Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Gounghin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Sanem (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Goungha Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Gounga Naba'', ''Gunga Naba'', ''Gounghin Naaba''..." 149512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Goungha Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Gounghin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Sanem (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Goungha Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Gounga Naba'', ''Gunga Naba'', ''Gounghin Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ibwami. Ubusanzwe, Goungha Naaba ni umutware w'abasirikare b'amaguru. Afasha [[Tansoba Naaba]], umutware w'intambara. Ni n'umutware w'agace ka Gounghin, i Wagadugu. == Umwanya mu nama y'ibwami == Goungha Naaba ni umwe mu baminisitiri bakuru ba Mogho Naaba. Abandi ni [[Ouidi Naaba]], [[Larlé Naaba]] na [[Baloum Naaba]].<ref name="uni">{{Cite web |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/royaume-de-ouagadougou/ |title=Royaume de Ouagadougou |author=Alfred Fierro |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |language=fr}}</ref> Nk'uko imigani yanditswe na Yoporeka Somet ibivuga, Goungha Naaba wa mbere yari mugenzi wa Oubri. Mbere yari minisitiri wa mbere. Nyuma yaharekeye Ouidi Naaba na Larlé Naaba. Bityo ni minisitiri wa gatatu.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour : un commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Iyi migani ishobora gutandukana. == Inshingano == Goungha Naaba ni umutware w'abasirikare b'amaguru ba Mogho Naaba.<ref name="ski">{{Cite book |title=The Mossi of the Upper Volta: The Political Development of a Sudanese People |author=Elliott P. Skinner |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1964 |language=en}}</ref> Afasha Tansoba ku rugamba. Dukurikije imigani, ntagomba gusubira inyuma iyo Tansoba aguye ku rugamba.<ref name="som" /> Nk'uko Leo Frobenius abivuga, Goungha Naaba yari umurinzi w'ibintu bitagatifu by'ubwami ku ngoma ya Naaba Nasbiré.<ref name="fb5">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=5 |language=fr}}</ref> Goungha Naaba yashoboraga kuyobora ingabo z'umwami. Yashoboraga no koherezwa mu ntara gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko ya Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Mbere y'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa, Goungha Naaba umwe yoherejwe gufata umutware wa Konkistenga no kumuzana i Wagadugu.<ref name="koh">{{Cite book |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/carton04/11948.pdf |title=Notes historiques et ethnographiques sur quelques commandements régionaux de l'Ouest Mossi |author=Jean-Marie Kohler |publisher=ORSTOM |year=1967 |page=26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, Goungha Naaba yakomeje kugira ijambo. Mu 1934, yabaye umuhuza hagati y'ibwami, imiryango y'Abamosi, abamisiyoneri Gatolika n'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni.<ref name="zub">{{Cite web |url=https://oap.unige.ch/journals/rhca/article/download/2345/2257/13774 |title=« Fais ce que tu veux ! » : des filles et familles face à des nouvelles priorités éducatives dans un contexte de crise, Ouagadougou, 1934 |author=Thomas Zuber |website=Revue d'histoire contemporaine de l'Afrique |date=2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Agace ka Gounghin == Iri zina rifitanye isano n'agace ka Gounghin, kamwe mu duce twa kera twa Wagadugu. Dukurikije imigani, izina Gounga rikomoka kuri ''goumsé'', ari bwo biti binini byari aho atuye.<ref name="som" /> Agace ka Gounghin kagabanyijwemo ibibanza mu 1956.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/50187 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Goungha Naaba Tanga yapfuye mu ijoro ryo ku wa 8 rishyira ku wa 9 Gicurasi 2022.<ref name="obs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6504 |title=Décès Goungha Naaba : journée d'hommage à un grand homme |website=L'Observateur Paalga |date=2022-05-12 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2022, Lin Désiré Tapsoba yimikiwe mu ngoro ya Mogho Naaba ku izina rya Naaba Sanem. Ni Gounghin Naaba wa 36. Yahawe umwanya w'umwungirije w'umugaba w'ingabo.<ref name="sid1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/palais-du-mogho-naaba-baongo-le-vice-chef-des-armees-intronise/ |title=Palais du Mogho Naaba Baongo : le vice-chef des armées intronisé |author=Donald Wendpouiré Nikiema |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Nyuma yaho yasuye Tansoba, ufatwa nka mukuru we mu nzego za gisirikare gakondo.<ref name="sid2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/saaba-le-goungha-naaba-sanem-rend-visite-au-dim-tansoaba/ |title=Saaba : le Goungha Naaba Sanem rend visite au Dim Tansoaba |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-17 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goungha Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] lrsdgpakxamf750o1aa3vmsxqb3igqy 149528 149512 2026-11-08T07:47:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 149528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Goungha Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ASC Leiden - F. van der Kraaij Collection - 03 - 061 - Une route non goudronnée dans le quartier Gounghin Sud - Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 1981.tif|250px]] | caption = Umuhanda mu gace ka Gounghin y'Amajyepfo, i Wagadugu, 1981 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'abasirikare b'amaguru | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Gounghin, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Naaba Sanem (kuva mu 2022) }} '''Goungha Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Gounga Naba'', ''Gunga Naba'', ''Gounghin Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ibwami. Ubusanzwe, Goungha Naaba ni umutware w'abasirikare b'amaguru. Afasha [[Tansoba Naaba]], umutware w'intambara. Ni n'umutware w'agace ka Gounghin, i Wagadugu. == Umwanya mu nama y'ibwami == Goungha Naaba ni umwe mu baminisitiri bakuru ba Mogho Naaba. Abandi ni [[Ouidi Naaba]], [[Larlé Naaba]] na [[Baloum Naaba]].<ref name="uni">{{Cite web |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/royaume-de-ouagadougou/ |title=Royaume de Ouagadougou |author=Alfred Fierro |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |language=fr}}</ref> Nk'uko imigani yanditswe na Yoporeka Somet ibivuga, Goungha Naaba wa mbere yari mugenzi wa Oubri. Mbere yari minisitiri wa mbere. Nyuma yaharekeye Ouidi Naaba na Larlé Naaba. Bityo ni minisitiri wa gatatu.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour : un commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Iyi migani ishobora gutandukana. == Inshingano == Goungha Naaba ni umutware w'abasirikare b'amaguru ba Mogho Naaba.<ref name="ski">{{Cite book |title=The Mossi of the Upper Volta: The Political Development of a Sudanese People |author=Elliott P. Skinner |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1964 |language=en}}</ref> Afasha Tansoba ku rugamba. Dukurikije imigani, ntagomba gusubira inyuma iyo Tansoba aguye ku rugamba.<ref name="som" /> Nk'uko Leo Frobenius abivuga, Goungha Naaba yari umurinzi w'ibintu bitagatifu by'ubwami ku ngoma ya Naaba Nasbiré.<ref name="fb5">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=5 |language=fr}}</ref> Goungha Naaba yashoboraga kuyobora ingabo z'umwami. Yashoboraga no koherezwa mu ntara gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko ya Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Mbere y'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa, Goungha Naaba umwe yoherejwe gufata umutware wa Konkistenga no kumuzana i Wagadugu.<ref name="koh">{{Cite book |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/carton04/11948.pdf |title=Notes historiques et ethnographiques sur quelques commandements régionaux de l'Ouest Mossi |author=Jean-Marie Kohler |publisher=ORSTOM |year=1967 |page=26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, Goungha Naaba yakomeje kugira ijambo. Mu 1934, yabaye umuhuza hagati y'ibwami, imiryango y'Abamosi, abamisiyoneri Gatolika n'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni.<ref name="zub">{{Cite web |url=https://oap.unige.ch/journals/rhca/article/download/2345/2257/13774 |title=« Fais ce que tu veux ! » : des filles et familles face à des nouvelles priorités éducatives dans un contexte de crise, Ouagadougou, 1934 |author=Thomas Zuber |website=Revue d'histoire contemporaine de l'Afrique |date=2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Agace ka Gounghin == Iri zina rifitanye isano n'agace ka Gounghin, kamwe mu duce twa kera twa Wagadugu. Dukurikije imigani, izina Gounga rikomoka kuri ''goumsé'', ari bwo biti binini byari aho atuye.<ref name="som" /> Agace ka Gounghin kagabanyijwemo ibibanza mu 1956.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/50187 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Goungha Naaba Tanga yapfuye mu ijoro ryo ku wa 8 rishyira ku wa 9 Gicurasi 2022.<ref name="obs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6504 |title=Décès Goungha Naaba : journée d'hommage à un grand homme |website=L'Observateur Paalga |date=2022-05-12 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2022, Lin Désiré Tapsoba yimikiwe mu ngoro ya Mogho Naaba ku izina rya Naaba Sanem. Ni Gounghin Naaba wa 36. Yahawe umwanya w'umwungirije w'umugaba w'ingabo.<ref name="sid1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/palais-du-mogho-naaba-baongo-le-vice-chef-des-armees-intronise/ |title=Palais du Mogho Naaba Baongo : le vice-chef des armées intronisé |author=Donald Wendpouiré Nikiema |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Nyuma yaho yasuye Tansoba, ufatwa nka mukuru we mu nzego za gisirikare gakondo.<ref name="sid2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/saaba-le-goungha-naaba-sanem-rend-visite-au-dim-tansoaba/ |title=Saaba : le Goungha Naaba Sanem rend visite au Dim Tansoaba |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-17 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goungha Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] bsv6sdfwyzqdzmrxkwkodglo230eeta 0 24123 149514 2026-11-08T06:47:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Dapoya Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'umutekano | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Dapoya, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Dapoya Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Dapoya Naba'', ''Daporé Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu bwami bwa Wagadugu..." 149514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Dapoya Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'umutekano | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Dapoya, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Dapoya Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Dapoya Naba'', ''Daporé Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu bwami bwa [[Wagadugu]], urifite ni umutware mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]]. Ubusanzwe ashinzwe umutekano, imirimo ya polisi n'ubuyobozi bw'agace ka Dapoya, i Wagadugu. == Amateka == Umwanya wa Dapoya Naaba ufitanye isano n'abahoze ari imbohe n'abacakara barekuwe. Bitwaga ''dapoya'' cyangwa ''dapor-damba''. Bari bamwe mu bagize umuryango w'Abamosi. Bari ingabo umwami yizera. I Wagadugu, bamwe muri bo bari ingabo bwite za Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Abo bantu bafashaga kandi mu buyobozi bw'ibwami no mu kubungabunga ikinyabupfura. Bashyiraga mu bikorwa ibyemezo bimwe by'umwami. Aho bari batuye ni ho agace ka Dapoya n'umutware wako bakuye izina.<ref name="tie" /> Abatware bitwa Daporé Naaba cyangwa Dapoya Naaba baboneka no mu bundi butware bw'Abamosi. Ho bari abatware b'imbohe, abahagarariye umwami n'abayobora ibitambo bimwe.<ref name="koh">{{Cite book |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-05/11948.pdf |title=Activités agricoles et transformations socio-économiques dans l'Ouest mossi |author=Jean-Marie Kohler |publisher=ORSTOM |year=1967 |pages=31–33 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Dapoya Naaba asanzwe ari umutware ushinzwe umutekano wa Mogho Naaba. Yakoranaga na [[Poe Naaba]], minisitiri w'ubutabera. Yashoboraga gukora iperereza no kumva imiryango y'abaregwa. Yateguraga kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imanza z'umwami.<ref name="fia">{{Cite book |url=https://www.fiacat.org/images/pdf/Publication-Burkina-BD.pdf |title=Peine de mort au Burkina : sensibiliser pour l'abolition |publisher=FIACAT, ACAT Burkina |year=2017 |page=7 |language=fr}}</ref> Nk'uko Dapoya Naaba ubwe yabivuze mu 2017, igihano cy'urupfu cyashyirwaga mu bikorwa n'imbohe zari munsi ye. Bityo umurimo we wasaga n'uwa polisi. Ariko yari munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="fia" /> Dapoya Naaba ni n'umutware gakondo w'agace ka Dapoya. Ayobora abaturage be, akemura amakimbirane, kandi ahagararira ako gace ibwami.<ref name="fia" /> == Agace ka Dapoya == Dapoya ni kamwe mu duce twa kera twa Wagadugu. Mu mateka, gafitanye isano n'abacakara barekuwe n'abagaragu Mogho Naaba yizera.<ref name="tie" /> Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, umudugudu wa kera wimuriwe mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bw'umujyi, wubakwa bundi bushya witwa Dapoya II.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/50187 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> Amaze kwimikirwa ibwami, Dapoya Naaba mushya asubira iwe mu gace ka Dapoya.<ref name="mey" /> == Muri iki gihe == Uyu mwanya uracyariho mu butware gakondo bwa Wagadugu. Dapoya Naaba atoranywa hakurikijwe amategeko y'izungura y'ako gace. Hanyuma yemezwa kandi akimikwa na Mogho Naaba. Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2022, Dapoya Naaba na Gounghin Naaba bimikiwe hamwe ibwami.<ref name="sid1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/palais-du-mogho-naaba-baongo-le-vice-chef-des-armees-intronise/ |title=Palais du Mogho Naaba Baongo : le vice-chef des armées intronisé |author=Donald Wendpouiré Nikiema |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri iki gihe, Dapoya Naaba agira uruhare mu buhuza no gushishikariza amahoro mu baturage. Ashobora no guhagararira Mogho Naaba mu nama zerekeye amahoro.<ref name="sid2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/promotion-endogene-de-la-paix-le-gouvernement-echange-avec-des-autorites-morales/ |title=Promotion endogène de la paix : le gouvernement échange avec des autorités morales |author=Rémi Zoeringre |website=Sidwaya |date=2023-06-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dapoya Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 8t0w54y8fz8k6ahymenxt9jhbtcph1u 149529 149514 2026-11-08T07:47:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 149529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Dapoya Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0865.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'umutekano | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Dapoya, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umwimika | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Dapoya Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Dapoya Naba'', ''Daporé Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'Abamosi bo muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu bwami bwa [[Wagadugu]], urifite ni umutware mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]]. Ubusanzwe ashinzwe umutekano, imirimo ya polisi n'ubuyobozi bw'agace ka Dapoya, i Wagadugu. == Amateka == Umwanya wa Dapoya Naaba ufitanye isano n'abahoze ari imbohe n'abacakara barekuwe. Bitwaga ''dapoya'' cyangwa ''dapor-damba''. Bari bamwe mu bagize umuryango w'Abamosi. Bari ingabo umwami yizera. I Wagadugu, bamwe muri bo bari ingabo bwite za Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Abo bantu bafashaga kandi mu buyobozi bw'ibwami no mu kubungabunga ikinyabupfura. Bashyiraga mu bikorwa ibyemezo bimwe by'umwami. Aho bari batuye ni ho agace ka Dapoya n'umutware wako bakuye izina.<ref name="tie" /> Abatware bitwa Daporé Naaba cyangwa Dapoya Naaba baboneka no mu bundi butware bw'Abamosi. Ho bari abatware b'imbohe, abahagarariye umwami n'abayobora ibitambo bimwe.<ref name="koh">{{Cite book |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-05/11948.pdf |title=Activités agricoles et transformations socio-économiques dans l'Ouest mossi |author=Jean-Marie Kohler |publisher=ORSTOM |year=1967 |pages=31–33 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Dapoya Naaba asanzwe ari umutware ushinzwe umutekano wa Mogho Naaba. Yakoranaga na [[Poe Naaba]], minisitiri w'ubutabera. Yashoboraga gukora iperereza no kumva imiryango y'abaregwa. Yateguraga kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imanza z'umwami.<ref name="fia">{{Cite book |url=https://www.fiacat.org/images/pdf/Publication-Burkina-BD.pdf |title=Peine de mort au Burkina : sensibiliser pour l'abolition |publisher=FIACAT, ACAT Burkina |year=2017 |page=7 |language=fr}}</ref> Nk'uko Dapoya Naaba ubwe yabivuze mu 2017, igihano cy'urupfu cyashyirwaga mu bikorwa n'imbohe zari munsi ye. Bityo umurimo we wasaga n'uwa polisi. Ariko yari munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="fia" /> Dapoya Naaba ni n'umutware gakondo w'agace ka Dapoya. Ayobora abaturage be, akemura amakimbirane, kandi ahagararira ako gace ibwami.<ref name="fia" /> == Agace ka Dapoya == Dapoya ni kamwe mu duce twa kera twa Wagadugu. Mu mateka, gafitanye isano n'abacakara barekuwe n'abagaragu Mogho Naaba yizera.<ref name="tie" /> Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni, umudugudu wa kera wimuriwe mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba bw'umujyi, wubakwa bundi bushya witwa Dapoya II.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/50187 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> Amaze kwimikirwa ibwami, Dapoya Naaba mushya asubira iwe mu gace ka Dapoya.<ref name="mey" /> == Muri iki gihe == Uyu mwanya uracyariho mu butware gakondo bwa Wagadugu. Dapoya Naaba atoranywa hakurikijwe amategeko y'izungura y'ako gace. Hanyuma yemezwa kandi akimikwa na Mogho Naaba. Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2022, Dapoya Naaba na Gounghin Naaba bimikiwe hamwe ibwami.<ref name="sid1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/palais-du-mogho-naaba-baongo-le-vice-chef-des-armees-intronise/ |title=Palais du Mogho Naaba Baongo : le vice-chef des armées intronisé |author=Donald Wendpouiré Nikiema |website=Sidwaya |date=2022-07-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri iki gihe, Dapoya Naaba agira uruhare mu buhuza no gushishikariza amahoro mu baturage. Ashobora no guhagararira Mogho Naaba mu nama zerekeye amahoro.<ref name="sid2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/promotion-endogene-de-la-paix-le-gouvernement-echange-avec-des-autorites-morales/ |title=Promotion endogène de la paix : le gouvernement échange avec des autorités morales |author=Rémi Zoeringre |website=Sidwaya |date=2023-06-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dapoya Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] gc6ocawif24cj6c8xtwv3rncm5ro9gz 0 24124 149515 2026-11-08T06:51:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Baloum Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Umushyiraho | data4 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Baloum Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Baloum Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umutware mukuru mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Ubusanzwe ashinzwe..." 149515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Baloum Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Umushyiraho | data4 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Baloum Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Baloum Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umutware mukuru mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Ubusanzwe ashinzwe ibikorwa by'ibwami, ubuyobozi bw'imbere mu ngoro, umutekano w'imbere n'imihango y'ibwami. Ni n'umuhuza hagati y'umwami, abandi batware n'abantu bo mu ngoro. Mu Gifaransa, uyu mwanya rimwe na rimwe ugereranywa n'uwa minisitiri cyangwa umuyobozi mukuru w'ingoro. Ariko ayo magambo ntasobanura imirimo ye yose. == Inshingano == Amazina y'icyubahiro yo mu nama ya Mogho Naaba agaragaza urwego, inshingano n'umwanya wa buri mutware mu mihango. Ibisobanuro byayo mu Gifaransa si byo neza neza. Iyo mirimo ihuza ubutegetsi, imigenzo n'imibanire.<ref name="gue">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/mots/762 |title=Un Français à la cour du Morho Naba |author=Olivia Guérin |website=Mots. Les langages du politique |date=2006-11-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Baloum Naaba ayobora ubuyobozi bw'imbere mu ngoro y'umwami. Ashinzwe ibikorwa, umutekano w'imbere n'imihango y'ibwami. Afite kandi ububasha ku bantu bari munsi y'ingoro mu buryo butaziguye.<ref name="baz">{{Cite web |url=https://oap.unige.ch/journals/rhca/article/view/1584 |title=Le chemin de fer du Mossi : enjeux politiques et territoriaux d'une infrastructure coloniale en Haute-Volta (1919-1954) |author=Boubié Bazié |website=Revue d'histoire contemporaine de l'Afrique |date=2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Bityo Baloum Naaba agira uruhare mu kwakira abashyitsi b'umwami no kugeza ku bandi ibyemezo bye. Ahagararira kandi umwami. Umurimo we urenze gucunga ibintu by'ingoro.<ref name="beu">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/chrhc/4614 |title=Trajectoires impériales croisées : l'historicité d'un État africain hybride |author=Benoît Beucher |website=Cahiers d'histoire. Revue d'histoire critique |date=2015 |language=fr}}</ref> == Imigani y'umuryango == Nk'uko imigani yakusanyijwe na Yamba Tiendrébéogo ibivuga, ba Baloum Naaba bakomoka ku muhungu w'imfura wa Naaba Ouedraogo. Uwo muhungu yaretse ubutware kugira ngo yiyegurire imbyino. Uwo muryango ufitanye isano n'igipfukamaso cy'umuryango n'imbyino ibyinwa mu munsi mukuru wa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga Baloum Naaba mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni == Ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa ntibwakuyeho inama ya Mogho Naaba. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwifashishije bamwe mu batware bayo kugeza ibyemezo ku baturage no kubahagararira. Abo batware binjiye mu nama ngishwanama zo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba y'Abafaransa.<ref name="beu" /> Baloum Naaba Tanga Ouédraogo yari kuri uyu mwanya kuva mu 1910 kugeza mu 1950. Yari umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama z'abakoloni. Yahagarariye ingoro imbere y'ubutegetsi bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="beu" /> Mu 1945, Tanga Ouédraogo yiyamamarije amatora y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Nshinga ya mbere y'Ubufaransa. Yashyigikiwe n'ubutware bwa Wagadugu. Yatsinzwe ku kinyuranyo gito na Félix Houphouët-Boigny.<ref name="baz" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baloum Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 94hmmb7f1nlxg636tboqv73z7sbyjf5 149530 149515 2026-11-08T07:47:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 149530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Baloum Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0866.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ibikorwa by'ibwami | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] }} '''Baloum Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Baloum Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro ry'umutware mukuru mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Ubusanzwe ashinzwe ibikorwa by'ibwami, ubuyobozi bw'imbere mu ngoro, umutekano w'imbere n'imihango y'ibwami. Ni n'umuhuza hagati y'umwami, abandi batware n'abantu bo mu ngoro. Mu Gifaransa, uyu mwanya rimwe na rimwe ugereranywa n'uwa minisitiri cyangwa umuyobozi mukuru w'ingoro. Ariko ayo magambo ntasobanura imirimo ye yose. == Inshingano == Amazina y'icyubahiro yo mu nama ya Mogho Naaba agaragaza urwego, inshingano n'umwanya wa buri mutware mu mihango. Ibisobanuro byayo mu Gifaransa si byo neza neza. Iyo mirimo ihuza ubutegetsi, imigenzo n'imibanire.<ref name="gue">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/mots/762 |title=Un Français à la cour du Morho Naba |author=Olivia Guérin |website=Mots. Les langages du politique |date=2006-11-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Baloum Naaba ayobora ubuyobozi bw'imbere mu ngoro y'umwami. Ashinzwe ibikorwa, umutekano w'imbere n'imihango y'ibwami. Afite kandi ububasha ku bantu bari munsi y'ingoro mu buryo butaziguye.<ref name="baz">{{Cite web |url=https://oap.unige.ch/journals/rhca/article/view/1584 |title=Le chemin de fer du Mossi : enjeux politiques et territoriaux d'une infrastructure coloniale en Haute-Volta (1919-1954) |author=Boubié Bazié |website=Revue d'histoire contemporaine de l'Afrique |date=2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Bityo Baloum Naaba agira uruhare mu kwakira abashyitsi b'umwami no kugeza ku bandi ibyemezo bye. Ahagararira kandi umwami. Umurimo we urenze gucunga ibintu by'ingoro.<ref name="beu">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/chrhc/4614 |title=Trajectoires impériales croisées : l'historicité d'un État africain hybride |author=Benoît Beucher |website=Cahiers d'histoire. Revue d'histoire critique |date=2015 |language=fr}}</ref> == Imigani y'umuryango == Nk'uko imigani yakusanyijwe na Yamba Tiendrébéogo ibivuga, ba Baloum Naaba bakomoka ku muhungu w'imfura wa Naaba Ouedraogo. Uwo muhungu yaretse ubutware kugira ngo yiyegurire imbyino. Uwo muryango ufitanye isano n'igipfukamaso cy'umuryango n'imbyino ibyinwa mu munsi mukuru wa Mogho Naaba.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga Baloum Naaba mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni == Ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa ntibwakuyeho inama ya Mogho Naaba. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwifashishije bamwe mu batware bayo kugeza ibyemezo ku baturage no kubahagararira. Abo batware binjiye mu nama ngishwanama zo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba y'Abafaransa.<ref name="beu" /> Baloum Naaba Tanga Ouédraogo yari kuri uyu mwanya kuva mu 1910 kugeza mu 1950. Yari umwe mu bagize inama ngishwanama z'abakoloni. Yahagarariye ingoro imbere y'ubutegetsi bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="beu" /> Mu 1945, Tanga Ouédraogo yiyamamarije amatora y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Nshinga ya mbere y'Ubufaransa. Yashyigikiwe n'ubutware bwa Wagadugu. Yatsinzwe ku kinyuranyo gito na Félix Houphouët-Boigny.<ref name="baz" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baloum Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 56bcgg3v0986miwc7j39rbbbehfv3uc 0 24125 149516 2026-11-08T06:54:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Larlé Naaba | image = [[File:Ruines du palais du Larlé Naaba à koudougou.JPG|250px]] | caption = Amatongo y'ingoro ya Larlé Naaba i Koudougou | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Larlé, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Larlé Naaba Tig..." 149516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Larlé Naaba | image = [[File:Ruines du palais du Larlé Naaba à koudougou.JPG|250px]] | caption = Amatongo y'ingoro ya Larlé Naaba i Koudougou | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Larlé, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Larlé Naaba Tigré (kuva mu 1990) }} '''Larlé Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Larlé Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umutware gakondo w'agace ka Larlé. Ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ubwami. Inshingano ze zirebana n'ingabo, ubuyobozi bw'uturere, imigenzo n'ububanyi. Kuva ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1990, iri zina rifitwe na Larlé Naaba Tigré, witwa Victor Tiendrébéogo mu irangamimerere. == Amateka == Dukurikije imigani, Larlé Naaba wa mbere yari Rabila, umufasha wa hafi wa Oubri. Igihe Oubri yimukiraga i Wagadugu, Rabila yatuye mu majyaruguru y'ingoro y'umwami. Aho hantu hari ibiti binini. Hiswe Larlé, bisobanura "ahantu hari ibiti binini".<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/08/06/ouagadougou-lhistoire-et-la-signification-du-quartier-larle-avec-le-larle-naaba-tigre/ |title=Ouagadougou : l'histoire et la signification du quartier Larlé avec le Larlé Naaba Tigré |author=Willy Sagbe |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-08-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga "Lachale naba" mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> Larlé Naaba Pawitraogo yategetse kuva mu 1904 kugeza mu 1928. Hagati ya 1905 na 1923, Mogho Naaba Siguiri na Kom II bamwohereje kenshi mu karere ka Koudougou. Inshingano ye yari ugukomeza ububasha bw'umwami no kugenzura abatware baho.<ref name="hil">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/2733 |title=Autodétermination et réflexivité dans les sociétés africaines anciennes : le cas moaga |author=Mathieu Hilgers |website=Journal des africanistes |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="bic">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article12980 |title=Pawitraogo, arrière-grand-père du Larlé Naaba Tigré |author=Ismaël Bicaba |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006-03-14 |language=fr}}</ref> Amaze gupfa mu 1928, umuhungu we Yamba Tiendrébéogo yamusimbuye ku izina rya Larlé Naaba Anbga. Yari umuhanga mu mateka n'umubarankuru. Mu 1964, yanditse afatanyije na Robert Pageard igitabo ''Histoire et coutumes royales des Mossi de Ouagadougou''. Yakoraga kandi ibiganiro kuri radiyo ku migani n'imigenzo y'Abamosi.<ref name="beu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2011_num_98_370_4537 |title=Naaba Saaga II et Kougri, rois de Ouagadougou : un père et son fils dans la tourmente coloniale puis postcoloniale (1942-1982) |author=Benoît Beucher |website=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |date=2011 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye mu 1982. Umuhungu we, Larlé Naaba Bélemwendé, yakomeje gukwirakwiza imigani gakondo.<ref name="cul">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=13031&page=impression |title=Larlé Naaba Tigré : « La culture vaut plus que le pétrole » |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1990, Mogho Naaba Baongo yashyizeho Victor Tiendrébéogo ngo ayobore Larlé ku izina rya Larlé Naaba Tigré.<ref name="bas15">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article63441 |title=Basga'2015 : le Larlé Naaba fêtera aussi ses 25 ans de règne |website=LeFaso.net |date=2015-02-27 |language=fr}}</ref> Yabaye kandi umudepite, umuhinzi n'uteza imbere ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza. Mu 2026 yari akiri kuri uyu mwanya.<ref name="rtb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FSL5tFj6wQ |title=Culture : Larlé Naaba Tigré célèbre son Nabasga, fête traditionnelle moaga |website=Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina (YouTube) |date=2026 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Larlé Naaba ari mu nama y'abaminisitiri ba Mogho Naaba. Afite umwanya wo hejuru ibwami, nyuma ya [[Ouidi Naaba]]. Afite kandi izina rya Dimtansoba, akagira uruhare mu kuyobora ibikorwa bya gisirikare.<ref name="lf14">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=58998&page=impression |title=Larlé Naba : « Je souhaite que mon rôle culturel et d'entrepreneur social soit plus mis en avant que mon côté purement politique » |website=LeFaso.net |date=2014-05-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Mbere y'ubukoloni, abatware bakuru b'ibwami bayoboraga ibice by'ubwami. Larlé Naaba yayoboraga igice cy'iburengerazuba. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwakomeje iyi mitegekere, bwita icyo gice "intara ya Larlé".<ref name="hil" /> Larlé Naaba agira kandi uruhare mu mihango yo gushyingura abami. Ni we wemeza aho Mogho Naaba azashyingurwa mbere y'uko ashyingurwa.<ref name="bas15" /> Umwami ashobora kumuha umurimo w'umuvugizi mu nama zemewe.<ref name="lf14" /> Buri gitondo, abaminisitiri bajya ibwami gusuhuza Mogho Naaba.<ref name="b24" /> == Iminsi mikuru == Nabasga, cyangwa Basga, ni umunsi mukuru wa buri mwaka w'ingoro ya Larlé. Wibutsa iyimikwa rya Larlé Naaba. Urimo imihango ku mva z'abakurambere, amaturo n'amasengesho asabira amahoro, umutekano n'umusaruro mwiza.<ref name="sid">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/34e-basga-du-larle-naaba-tigre-le-chef-coutumier-lance-loffensive-pour-lautonomisation-des-femmes/ |title=34e Basga du Larlé Naaba Tigré : le chef coutumier lance l'offensive pour l'autonomisation des femmes |website=Sidwaya |date=2024-02-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Uwo munsi mukuru witabirwa n'umuryango w'umutware, abatware gakondo, abayobozi ba Leta n'ab'amadini, n'abatuye Larlé.<ref name="sid" /> == Abagize iri zina == Uru rutonde ntiruzuye: * Larlé Naaba Rabila, washinze agace ka Larlé dukurikije imigani; * Larlé Naaba Yemdé; * Larlé Naaba Pawitraogo, 1904–1928; * Larlé Naaba Anbga (Yamba Tiendrébéogo), 1928–1982; * Larlé Naaba Bélemwendé; * Larlé Naaba Tigré (Victor Tiendrébéogo), kuva mu 1990. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larle Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 5c9rehc1np1yuddbsw4umv0mi3d5xmb 149531 149516 2026-11-08T07:47:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 149531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Larlé Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:Ruines du palais du Larlé Naaba à koudougou.JPG|250px]] | caption = Amatongo y'ingoro ya Larlé Naaba i Koudougou | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Larlé, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Larlé Naaba Tigré (kuva mu 1990) }} '''Larlé Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Larlé Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni umutware gakondo w'agace ka Larlé. Ni umwe mu batware bakuru b'ubwami. Inshingano ze zirebana n'ingabo, ubuyobozi bw'uturere, imigenzo n'ububanyi. Kuva ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1990, iri zina rifitwe na Larlé Naaba Tigré, witwa Victor Tiendrébéogo mu irangamimerere. == Amateka == Dukurikije imigani, Larlé Naaba wa mbere yari Rabila, umufasha wa hafi wa Oubri. Igihe Oubri yimukiraga i Wagadugu, Rabila yatuye mu majyaruguru y'ingoro y'umwami. Aho hantu hari ibiti binini. Hiswe Larlé, bisobanura "ahantu hari ibiti binini".<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2023/08/06/ouagadougou-lhistoire-et-la-signification-du-quartier-larle-avec-le-larle-naaba-tigre/ |title=Ouagadougou : l'histoire et la signification du quartier Larlé avec le Larlé Naaba Tigré |author=Willy Sagbe |website=Burkina24 |date=2023-08-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga "Lachale naba" mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> Larlé Naaba Pawitraogo yategetse kuva mu 1904 kugeza mu 1928. Hagati ya 1905 na 1923, Mogho Naaba Siguiri na Kom II bamwohereje kenshi mu karere ka Koudougou. Inshingano ye yari ugukomeza ububasha bw'umwami no kugenzura abatware baho.<ref name="hil">{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/2733 |title=Autodétermination et réflexivité dans les sociétés africaines anciennes : le cas moaga |author=Mathieu Hilgers |website=Journal des africanistes |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="bic">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article12980 |title=Pawitraogo, arrière-grand-père du Larlé Naaba Tigré |author=Ismaël Bicaba |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006-03-14 |language=fr}}</ref> Amaze gupfa mu 1928, umuhungu we Yamba Tiendrébéogo yamusimbuye ku izina rya Larlé Naaba Anbga. Yari umuhanga mu mateka n'umubarankuru. Mu 1964, yanditse afatanyije na Robert Pageard igitabo ''Histoire et coutumes royales des Mossi de Ouagadougou''. Yakoraga kandi ibiganiro kuri radiyo ku migani n'imigenzo y'Abamosi.<ref name="beu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2011_num_98_370_4537 |title=Naaba Saaga II et Kougri, rois de Ouagadougou : un père et son fils dans la tourmente coloniale puis postcoloniale (1942-1982) |author=Benoît Beucher |website=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |date=2011 |language=fr}}</ref> Yapfuye mu 1982. Umuhungu we, Larlé Naaba Bélemwendé, yakomeje gukwirakwiza imigani gakondo.<ref name="cul">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=13031&page=impression |title=Larlé Naaba Tigré : « La culture vaut plus que le pétrole » |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> Ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1990, Mogho Naaba Baongo yashyizeho Victor Tiendrébéogo ngo ayobore Larlé ku izina rya Larlé Naaba Tigré.<ref name="bas15">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article63441 |title=Basga'2015 : le Larlé Naaba fêtera aussi ses 25 ans de règne |website=LeFaso.net |date=2015-02-27 |language=fr}}</ref> Yabaye kandi umudepite, umuhinzi n'uteza imbere ibikorwa by'imibereho myiza. Mu 2026 yari akiri kuri uyu mwanya.<ref name="rtb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FSL5tFj6wQ |title=Culture : Larlé Naaba Tigré célèbre son Nabasga, fête traditionnelle moaga |website=Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina (YouTube) |date=2026 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Larlé Naaba ari mu nama y'abaminisitiri ba Mogho Naaba. Afite umwanya wo hejuru ibwami, nyuma ya [[Ouidi Naaba]]. Afite kandi izina rya Dimtansoba, akagira uruhare mu kuyobora ibikorwa bya gisirikare.<ref name="lf14">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=58998&page=impression |title=Larlé Naba : « Je souhaite que mon rôle culturel et d'entrepreneur social soit plus mis en avant que mon côté purement politique » |website=LeFaso.net |date=2014-05-01 |language=fr}}</ref> Mbere y'ubukoloni, abatware bakuru b'ibwami bayoboraga ibice by'ubwami. Larlé Naaba yayoboraga igice cy'iburengerazuba. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwakomeje iyi mitegekere, bwita icyo gice "intara ya Larlé".<ref name="hil" /> Larlé Naaba agira kandi uruhare mu mihango yo gushyingura abami. Ni we wemeza aho Mogho Naaba azashyingurwa mbere y'uko ashyingurwa.<ref name="bas15" /> Umwami ashobora kumuha umurimo w'umuvugizi mu nama zemewe.<ref name="lf14" /> Buri gitondo, abaminisitiri bajya ibwami gusuhuza Mogho Naaba.<ref name="b24" /> == Iminsi mikuru == Nabasga, cyangwa Basga, ni umunsi mukuru wa buri mwaka w'ingoro ya Larlé. Wibutsa iyimikwa rya Larlé Naaba. Urimo imihango ku mva z'abakurambere, amaturo n'amasengesho asabira amahoro, umutekano n'umusaruro mwiza.<ref name="sid">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidwaya.info/34e-basga-du-larle-naaba-tigre-le-chef-coutumier-lance-loffensive-pour-lautonomisation-des-femmes/ |title=34e Basga du Larlé Naaba Tigré : le chef coutumier lance l'offensive pour l'autonomisation des femmes |website=Sidwaya |date=2024-02-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Uwo munsi mukuru witabirwa n'umuryango w'umutware, abatware gakondo, abayobozi ba Leta n'ab'amadini, n'abatuye Larlé.<ref name="sid" /> == Abagize iri zina == Uru rutonde ntiruzuye: * Larlé Naaba Rabila, washinze agace ka Larlé dukurikije imigani; * Larlé Naaba Yemdé; * Larlé Naaba Pawitraogo, 1904–1928; * Larlé Naaba Anbga (Yamba Tiendrébéogo), 1928–1982; * Larlé Naaba Bélemwendé; * Larlé Naaba Tigré (Victor Tiendrébéogo), kuva mu 1990. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larle Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] qq3ku0ar2avmbxcqsbm8w2ejlax77pc 0 24126 149517 2026-11-08T06:55:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Samandin Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umutware w'imihango y'ibwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Samandin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Koanga (kuva mu 2007) }} '''Samandin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Samand Naaba'', ''Samand-Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubah..." 149517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Samandin Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umutware w'imihango y'ibwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Samandin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Koanga (kuva mu 2007) }} '''Samandin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Samand Naaba'', ''Samand-Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]] wa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite afitanye isano n'agace ka Samandin n'urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro y'umwami. Inshingano ze zirebana n'imihango y'ibwami, kwakira abashyitsi mu minsi mikuru minini no kugenzura abinjira imbere y'ingoro. == Umwanya ibwami == Mu bwami bw'Abamosi bwa Wagadugu, abatware benshi bari munsi ya Mogho Naaba. Bamwe muri bo bafite imirimo ibwami kandi ni n'abatware b'uduce tw'umurwa mukuru. Samandin Naaba ni umwe mu batware b'inzu y'umwami.<ref name="kab">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Nl4JgzIaUC |title=Organisation politique traditionnelle et évolution politique des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Gomkoudougou Victor Kaboré |publisher=CNRS |year=1966 |language=fr}}</ref> Iri zina rifitanye isano na ''samandé'', urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro. Aho ni ho abashyitsi, intumwa n'abakozi bamwe b'ingoro baguma. Yamba Tiendrébéogo na Robert Pageard bashyira Samand-Naba mu batware bakuru b'ibwami.<ref name="tie">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMsQAQAAIAAJ |title=Histoire et coutumes royales des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrébéogo, Robert Pageard |publisher=Larhallé Naba |year=1964 |pages=91, 132 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi ku butabera gakondo bw'Abamosi bumuvuga nk'umutware w'abakora mu rugo rw'inyuma.<ref name="bam">{{Cite web |url=https://theses.hal.science/tel-05586943 |title=La justice traditionnelle dans la société moaaga du Burkina Faso |author=Toyinbo Bambara |website=HAL (thèse) |date=2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Inshingano za Samandin Naaba zirebana cyane cyane n'ahantu hari imbere y'aho umwami atuye. Yakira intumwa, agashyira abitabiriye mu myanya, kandi akayobora iminsi mikuru ibera mu rugo rw'inyuma.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/892 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri izo nshingano harimo: * gucunga urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro; * kwakira abashyitsi n'intumwa; * gutegura imihango y'iminsi mikuru; * kuyobora abakozi bo mu rugo rw'inyuma; * kugenzura abinjira imbere y'ingoro.<ref name="mey" /> Izi nshingano ntizisa neza n'iza minisiteri y'iki gihe. Zishingiye ku nshingano z'imigenzo, iz'agace n'iz'imihango.<ref name="kab" /> == Agace ka Samandin == Wagadugu ya kera yari igizwe n'uduce twinshi tuzengurutse aho Mogho Naaba atuye. Buri gace kari gafitanye isano n'umurimo runaka w'ibwami. Ouidi, Larlé na Gounghin byari bifitanye isano n'ingabo. Kamsaoghin yari ifitanye isano n'urubyiruko. Samandin yari ifitanye isano no kwakira abashyitsi n'iminsi mikuru minini.<ref name="mey" /> Bityo Samandin Naaba ni umutware gakondo w'agace ka Samandin. Afite kandi inshingano kuri Mogho Naaba.<ref name="mey" /> == Abagize iri zina == Clément Pitroipa yimitswe nka Samandin Naaba wa Wagadugu ku wa 26 Kamena 2007, ku izina rya Naaba Koanga. Yimitswe na Gounghin Naaba abiherewe uburenganzira na Mogho Naaba Baongo.<ref name="sid">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=21905&page=impression |title=Chefferie traditionnelle : le Samandin Naaba remercie le Moogho Naaba pour son intronisation |author=Daouda Émile Ouédraogo |website=Sidwaya |date=2007-07-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2021, Samandin Naaba yabajijwe n'umushakashatsi wa kaminuza. Yavuze ku bihano gakondo, amakimbirane arebana n'urubyiruko, n'isano iri hagati y'ubutabera gakondo n'inkiko za Leta.<ref name="ami">{{Cite web |url=https://data.africamultiple.uni-bayreuth.de/s/amira/item/9992 |title=Synthèse d'entretien avec le Samandin Naaba de Ouagadougou |author=Tatiana Nadine Tapsoba |website=Africa Multiple Interactive Research Atlas |date=2021-04-25 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Samandin Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] ktgoluaubneip8ijvuv23quvth0k1lj 149532 149517 2026-11-08T07:47:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 149532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Samandin Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0868.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umutware w'imihango y'ibwami | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Samandin, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Naaba Koanga (kuva mu 2007) }} '''Samandin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Samand Naaba'', ''Samand-Naba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]] wa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite afitanye isano n'agace ka Samandin n'urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro y'umwami. Inshingano ze zirebana n'imihango y'ibwami, kwakira abashyitsi mu minsi mikuru minini no kugenzura abinjira imbere y'ingoro. == Umwanya ibwami == Mu bwami bw'Abamosi bwa Wagadugu, abatware benshi bari munsi ya Mogho Naaba. Bamwe muri bo bafite imirimo ibwami kandi ni n'abatware b'uduce tw'umurwa mukuru. Samandin Naaba ni umwe mu batware b'inzu y'umwami.<ref name="kab">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Nl4JgzIaUC |title=Organisation politique traditionnelle et évolution politique des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Gomkoudougou Victor Kaboré |publisher=CNRS |year=1966 |language=fr}}</ref> Iri zina rifitanye isano na ''samandé'', urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro. Aho ni ho abashyitsi, intumwa n'abakozi bamwe b'ingoro baguma. Yamba Tiendrébéogo na Robert Pageard bashyira Samand-Naba mu batware bakuru b'ibwami.<ref name="tie">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMsQAQAAIAAJ |title=Histoire et coutumes royales des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrébéogo, Robert Pageard |publisher=Larhallé Naba |year=1964 |pages=91, 132 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi ku butabera gakondo bw'Abamosi bumuvuga nk'umutware w'abakora mu rugo rw'inyuma.<ref name="bam">{{Cite web |url=https://theses.hal.science/tel-05586943 |title=La justice traditionnelle dans la société moaaga du Burkina Faso |author=Toyinbo Bambara |website=HAL (thèse) |date=2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano == Inshingano za Samandin Naaba zirebana cyane cyane n'ahantu hari imbere y'aho umwami atuye. Yakira intumwa, agashyira abitabiriye mu myanya, kandi akayobora iminsi mikuru ibera mu rugo rw'inyuma.<ref name="mey">{{Cite web |url=https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/892 |title=De Bancoville à la ville moderne |author=Pierre-Erwann Meyer |website=IRD Éditions |date=2008 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri izo nshingano harimo: * gucunga urugo rw'inyuma rw'ingoro; * kwakira abashyitsi n'intumwa; * gutegura imihango y'iminsi mikuru; * kuyobora abakozi bo mu rugo rw'inyuma; * kugenzura abinjira imbere y'ingoro.<ref name="mey" /> Izi nshingano ntizisa neza n'iza minisiteri y'iki gihe. Zishingiye ku nshingano z'imigenzo, iz'agace n'iz'imihango.<ref name="kab" /> == Agace ka Samandin == Wagadugu ya kera yari igizwe n'uduce twinshi tuzengurutse aho Mogho Naaba atuye. Buri gace kari gafitanye isano n'umurimo runaka w'ibwami. Ouidi, Larlé na Gounghin byari bifitanye isano n'ingabo. Kamsaoghin yari ifitanye isano n'urubyiruko. Samandin yari ifitanye isano no kwakira abashyitsi n'iminsi mikuru minini.<ref name="mey" /> Bityo Samandin Naaba ni umutware gakondo w'agace ka Samandin. Afite kandi inshingano kuri Mogho Naaba.<ref name="mey" /> == Abagize iri zina == Clément Pitroipa yimitswe nka Samandin Naaba wa Wagadugu ku wa 26 Kamena 2007, ku izina rya Naaba Koanga. Yimitswe na Gounghin Naaba abiherewe uburenganzira na Mogho Naaba Baongo.<ref name="sid">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=21905&page=impression |title=Chefferie traditionnelle : le Samandin Naaba remercie le Moogho Naaba pour son intronisation |author=Daouda Émile Ouédraogo |website=Sidwaya |date=2007-07-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu 2021, Samandin Naaba yabajijwe n'umushakashatsi wa kaminuza. Yavuze ku bihano gakondo, amakimbirane arebana n'urubyiruko, n'isano iri hagati y'ubutabera gakondo n'inkiko za Leta.<ref name="ami">{{Cite web |url=https://data.africamultiple.uni-bayreuth.de/s/amira/item/9992 |title=Synthèse d'entretien avec le Samandin Naaba de Ouagadougou |author=Tatiana Nadine Tapsoba |website=Africa Multiple Interactive Research Atlas |date=2021-04-25 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Samandin Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] gkf7qcocua6girv1tt4d2wdjy42es76 0 24127 149521 2026-11-08T07:30:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Balkuy Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umurinzi w'umwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Balkuy, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Sonré (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Balkuy Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Balkuy Naba'', ''Balkouy Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'umutware wa B..." 149521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Balkuy Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umurinzi w'umwami | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Balkuy, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umwimika | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Naaba Sonré (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Balkuy Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Balkuy Naba'', ''Balkouy Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'umutware wa Balkuy, agace kari mu mujyi wa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu mitegekere gakondo y'Abamosi, urifite ni ''tansoaba''. Inshingano ye ni ukurinda igice cy'iburasirazuba cya Wagadugu no kurinda [[Mogho Naaba]]. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2001, iri zina rifitwe na Issa Tapsoba, witwa Naaba Sonré mu izina gakondo. == Umwanya mu butware == Mu bwami bw'Abamosi, ijambo ''naaba'' risobanura umutware cyangwa umwami. Ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku nzego z'abatware b'uturere n'abatware b'ibwami.<ref name="ski">{{Cite book |title=The Mossi of the Upper Volta: The Political Development of a Sudanese People |author=Elliott P. Skinner |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1964 |isbn=978-0-8047-0166-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Balkuy Naaba ni umutware gakondo wa Balkuy, akaba na ''tansoaba'', ni ukuvuga umutware ufite imirimo ya gisirikare n'iy'uburinzi. Arinda Mogho Naaba n'igice cy'iburasirazuba cya Wagadugu. Afatanya n'abandi ''tansoaba'' bari hafi y'umujyi.<ref name="net">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/fete-coutumiere-le-naaba-sonre-de-balkuy-sacrifie-au-rituel/ |title=Fête coutumière : le Naaba Sonré de Balkuy sacrifie au rituel |author=Aboubacar Dermé, Aïssata G. Laure Sidibé |website=NetAfrique |date=2014-04-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubutware bw'Abamosi buracyafite ijambo mu muryango, nubwo habayeho ubukoloni n'ubwigenge bwa Burukina Faso. Abatware bitabira imihango gakondo, ubuhuza no guhagararira abaturage babo.<ref name="beu">{{Cite book |title=Manger le pouvoir au Burkina Faso : La noblesse mossi à l'épreuve de l'Histoire |author=Benoît Beucher |publisher=Karthala |year=2017 |isbn=978-2-8111-1693-4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Se wa Issa Tapsoba, Johnson Tapsoba, yari afite izina gakondo rya Naaba Gninbolbo. Yari umutware wa Balkuy. Avugwa kandi nk'umwe mu bashinze ishyirahamwe rya golf rya Wagadugu, mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1970.<ref name="lf11">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=42903&page=impression |title=Une lettre pour Laye : fronde des cotonculteurs à Boromo |website=LeFaso.net |date=2011-07-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Issa Tapsoba yimitswe na Mogho Naaba Baongo ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2001. Yabaye umutware wa 15 wa Balkuy ku izina rya Naaba Sonré.<ref name="aa01">{{Cite web |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200107260335.html |title=Le XVe chef de Balkouy s'installe |author=Étienne Nassa |website=AllAfrica |date=2001-07-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2025, yari akiri umutware wa Balkuy.<ref name="f7">{{Cite web |url=https://faso7.com/2025/05/31/burkina-faso-helena-transports-inaugure-ses-services-sur-la-ligne-ouaga-bobo-ouaga/ |title=Burkina Faso : Hélèna Transports inaugure ses services sur la ligne Ouaga-Bobo-Ouaga |author=Josué Tiendrebeogo |website=Faso7 |date=2025-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> == Na'basga == Buri mwaka, Balkuy Naaba yizihiza Na'basga, umunsi mukuru gakondo ukorwa nyuma y'isarura. Uwo munsi wubaha abakurambere. Ubusanzwe ukorwa mbere yo kurya umusaruro mushya.<ref name="net" /> Umunsi ubanziriza ibirori, hatangwa amaturo n'ibitambo byo kwibuka abatware ba kera n'abapfuye bo mu muryango. Inzoga ikozwe mu binyampeke yitwa ''dolo'' iturwa abakurambere, hanyuma igasangirwa n'abitabiriye.<ref name="net" /> Ibirori birimo kandi gusuhuza umutware, umuziki n'ibiganiro hagati y'abaturage, abatware gakondo n'abashyitsi.<ref name="aa06">{{Cite web |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200604020013.html |title=Culture et tradition : le Balkuy Naaba fête le « basga » |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balkuy Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] g61yuwypna3tgrlp1o94ptl81em4am3 149533 149521 2026-11-08T07:47:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 149533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Balkuy Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0867.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, umurinzi w'umwami | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Balkuy, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umwimika | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Naaba Sonré (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Balkuy Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Balkuy Naba'', ''Balkouy Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo ry'umutware wa Balkuy, agace kari mu mujyi wa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Mu mitegekere gakondo y'Abamosi, urifite ni ''tansoaba''. Inshingano ye ni ukurinda igice cy'iburasirazuba cya Wagadugu no kurinda [[Mogho Naaba]]. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2001, iri zina rifitwe na Issa Tapsoba, witwa Naaba Sonré mu izina gakondo. == Umwanya mu butware == Mu bwami bw'Abamosi, ijambo ''naaba'' risobanura umutware cyangwa umwami. Ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku nzego z'abatware b'uturere n'abatware b'ibwami.<ref name="ski">{{Cite book |title=The Mossi of the Upper Volta: The Political Development of a Sudanese People |author=Elliott P. Skinner |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1964 |isbn=978-0-8047-0166-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrebeogo |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> Balkuy Naaba ni umutware gakondo wa Balkuy, akaba na ''tansoaba'', ni ukuvuga umutware ufite imirimo ya gisirikare n'iy'uburinzi. Arinda Mogho Naaba n'igice cy'iburasirazuba cya Wagadugu. Afatanya n'abandi ''tansoaba'' bari hafi y'umujyi.<ref name="net">{{Cite web |url=https://netafrique.net/fete-coutumiere-le-naaba-sonre-de-balkuy-sacrifie-au-rituel/ |title=Fête coutumière : le Naaba Sonré de Balkuy sacrifie au rituel |author=Aboubacar Dermé, Aïssata G. Laure Sidibé |website=NetAfrique |date=2014-04-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubutware bw'Abamosi buracyafite ijambo mu muryango, nubwo habayeho ubukoloni n'ubwigenge bwa Burukina Faso. Abatware bitabira imihango gakondo, ubuhuza no guhagararira abaturage babo.<ref name="beu">{{Cite book |title=Manger le pouvoir au Burkina Faso : La noblesse mossi à l'épreuve de l'Histoire |author=Benoît Beucher |publisher=Karthala |year=2017 |isbn=978-2-8111-1693-4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Se wa Issa Tapsoba, Johnson Tapsoba, yari afite izina gakondo rya Naaba Gninbolbo. Yari umutware wa Balkuy. Avugwa kandi nk'umwe mu bashinze ishyirahamwe rya golf rya Wagadugu, mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1970.<ref name="lf11">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/?id_article=42903&page=impression |title=Une lettre pour Laye : fronde des cotonculteurs à Boromo |website=LeFaso.net |date=2011-07-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Issa Tapsoba yimitswe na Mogho Naaba Baongo ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2001. Yabaye umutware wa 15 wa Balkuy ku izina rya Naaba Sonré.<ref name="aa01">{{Cite web |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200107260335.html |title=Le XVe chef de Balkouy s'installe |author=Étienne Nassa |website=AllAfrica |date=2001-07-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2025, yari akiri umutware wa Balkuy.<ref name="f7">{{Cite web |url=https://faso7.com/2025/05/31/burkina-faso-helena-transports-inaugure-ses-services-sur-la-ligne-ouaga-bobo-ouaga/ |title=Burkina Faso : Hélèna Transports inaugure ses services sur la ligne Ouaga-Bobo-Ouaga |author=Josué Tiendrebeogo |website=Faso7 |date=2025-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> == Na'basga == Buri mwaka, Balkuy Naaba yizihiza Na'basga, umunsi mukuru gakondo ukorwa nyuma y'isarura. Uwo munsi wubaha abakurambere. Ubusanzwe ukorwa mbere yo kurya umusaruro mushya.<ref name="net" /> Umunsi ubanziriza ibirori, hatangwa amaturo n'ibitambo byo kwibuka abatware ba kera n'abapfuye bo mu muryango. Inzoga ikozwe mu binyampeke yitwa ''dolo'' iturwa abakurambere, hanyuma igasangirwa n'abitabiriye.<ref name="net" /> Ibirori birimo kandi gusuhuza umutware, umuziki n'ibiganiro hagati y'abaturage, abatware gakondo n'abashyitsi.<ref name="aa06">{{Cite web |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200604020013.html |title=Culture et tradition : le Balkuy Naaba fête le « basga » |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balkuy Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 5us06heux81dpdkzqimxd5gxbva80m7 0 24128 149522 2026-11-08T07:33:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Poe Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ubutabera | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Umushyiraho | data4 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label5 = Uriho ubu | data5 = Poé Naaba Tanga (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Poe Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Poé Naaba'', ''Poe Naba'', ''Poé-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Ab..." 149522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Poe Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ubutabera | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label4 = Umushyiraho | data4 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label5 = Uriho ubu | data5 = Poé Naaba Tanga (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Poe Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Poé Naaba'', ''Poe Naba'', ''Poé-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Inshingano ze zirebana no kuraguza, kugenzura imyitwarire ibwami n'ubutabera gakondo. Muri iki gihe azwi nka minisitiri w'ubutabera wa Mogho Naaba. == Inshingano == Mu 1928, umwanditsi Antoine Dim Delobsom yasobanuye inama y'ibwami ya Wagadugu. Yashyize Poe Naaba mu batware basuhuza Mogho Naaba buri gitondo. Ariko ntiyamubaze mu baminisitiri bakuru.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=« Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour » : un commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mateka, Poe Naaba yumvaga ibyo abagaragu bato n'abagore ba Mogho Naaba bicuza. Dukurikije imyemerere y'ibwami, uburyo bwo kuraguza bwitwa ''poéré'' bwamufashaga kumenya abakekwaho ubugambanyi cyangwa ubusambanyi. Uyu murimo wari ufitanye isano n'ibihano gakondo. Ibyo bihano byavuyeho mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="som" /> Muri iki gihe, uyu murimo ugereranywa n'uwa minisitiri w'ubutabera. Nk'uko urifite abivuga, iryo zina ryaturutse ku guhuza imitegekere gakondo n'inzego z'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni. Avuga ko kera yari "umugenzuzi mukuru" w'ubwami. Yashakaga kandi akagaragaza ibikorwa binyuranyije n'amategeko y'ibwami.<ref name="act">{{Cite web |url=https://actuburkina.net/poe-naaba-chefferie-coutumiere-traditionnelle-eminemment-politique/ |title=Poé Naaba : « La chefferie coutumière et traditionnelle est éminemment politique » |website=ActuBurkina |date=2017-08-07 |language=fr}}</ref> [[Dapoya Naaba]], umutware ushinzwe umutekano, yakoranaga na Poe Naaba mu bijyanye n'ubutabera. == Abagize iri zina == Justin Compaoré yimitswe nka Poe Naaba mu 2001 ku izina rya Poé Naaba Tanga. Yari kandi umunyapolitiki n'umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Burukina Faso.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article51432 |title=Poé Naaba Tanga, candidat de l'UPC : « Le sérieux de l'UPC convainc la population à adhérer à ses idéaux » |author=Jacques Théodore Balima |website=leFaso.net |date=2012-11-23 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2025, yari akiri minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba. Yahagarariye ubutware gakondo mu muhango umwe wabereye i Wagadugu.<ref name="tri">{{Cite web |url=https://www.latribunedufaso.net/?p=22060 |title=Sport : le Sporting Club de Ouagadougou lance officiellement ses activités |author=Rosana Kiendrebeogo |website=La Tribune du Faso |date=2025-07-21 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Poe Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] cpjoyuvcd75gppiv3eqvkdpsfa7fhye 149534 149522 2026-11-08T07:47:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 149534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Poe Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Der König der Mossi (Moro naba) umgeben von seinen Stammeshäuptlingen anlässlich des Neujahrsempfanges-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0862.tif|250px]] | caption = Mogho Naaba ari kumwe n'abatware be mu munsi mukuru w'Ubunani, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'ubutabera | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Poé Naaba Tanga (kuva mu 2001) }} '''Poe Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Poé Naaba'', ''Poe Naba'', ''Poé-Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Inshingano ze zirebana no kuraguza, kugenzura imyitwarire ibwami n'ubutabera gakondo. Muri iki gihe azwi nka minisitiri w'ubutabera wa Mogho Naaba. == Inshingano == Mu 1928, umwanditsi Antoine Dim Delobsom yasobanuye inama y'ibwami ya Wagadugu. Yashyize Poe Naaba mu batware basuhuza Mogho Naaba buri gitondo. Ariko ntiyamubaze mu baminisitiri bakuru.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=« Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour » : un commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mateka, Poe Naaba yumvaga ibyo abagaragu bato n'abagore ba Mogho Naaba bicuza. Dukurikije imyemerere y'ibwami, uburyo bwo kuraguza bwitwa ''poéré'' bwamufashaga kumenya abakekwaho ubugambanyi cyangwa ubusambanyi. Uyu murimo wari ufitanye isano n'ibihano gakondo. Ibyo bihano byavuyeho mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa.<ref name="som" /> Muri iki gihe, uyu murimo ugereranywa n'uwa minisitiri w'ubutabera. Nk'uko urifite abivuga, iryo zina ryaturutse ku guhuza imitegekere gakondo n'inzego z'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni. Avuga ko kera yari "umugenzuzi mukuru" w'ubwami. Yashakaga kandi akagaragaza ibikorwa binyuranyije n'amategeko y'ibwami.<ref name="act">{{Cite web |url=https://actuburkina.net/poe-naaba-chefferie-coutumiere-traditionnelle-eminemment-politique/ |title=Poé Naaba : « La chefferie coutumière et traditionnelle est éminemment politique » |website=ActuBurkina |date=2017-08-07 |language=fr}}</ref> [[Dapoya Naaba]], umutware ushinzwe umutekano, yakoranaga na Poe Naaba mu bijyanye n'ubutabera. == Abagize iri zina == Justin Compaoré yimitswe nka Poe Naaba mu 2001 ku izina rya Poé Naaba Tanga. Yari kandi umunyapolitiki n'umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Burukina Faso.<ref name="lf">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article51432 |title=Poé Naaba Tanga, candidat de l'UPC : « Le sérieux de l'UPC convainc la population à adhérer à ses idéaux » |author=Jacques Théodore Balima |website=leFaso.net |date=2012-11-23 |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2025, yari akiri minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba. Yahagarariye ubutware gakondo mu muhango umwe wabereye i Wagadugu.<ref name="tri">{{Cite web |url=https://www.latribunedufaso.net/?p=22060 |title=Sport : le Sporting Club de Ouagadougou lance officiellement ses activités |author=Rosana Kiendrebeogo |website=La Tribune du Faso |date=2025-07-21 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Poe Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] 0abzi4uwkh43v71zpw6v40zgtxz7okg 0 24129 149523 2026-11-08T07:37:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Kamsonghin Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'urubyiruko | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Kamsonghin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2015) }} '''Kamsonghin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Kamsaogho Naba'', ''Kamsoro Naba'', ''Kam..." 149523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Kamsonghin Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'urubyiruko | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Agace ka Kamsonghin, i Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2015) }} '''Kamsonghin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Kamsaogho Naba'', ''Kamsoro Naba'', ''Kamsaoghin Naaba'') ni umutware mukuru mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami gakondo w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]]. Iri zina rifitanye isano n'agace ka Kamsonghin. Inshingano ze za politiki, iz'ingoro n'iz'imihango zagiye zihinduka mu mateka. == Izina n'umwanya == Amazina Kamsoro Naba na Kamsaogho Naba aboneka mu nyandiko z'amateka. Izina Kamsonghin Naaba ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Ijambo ''naaba'' risobanura "umutware" cyangwa "umwami" mu Kimore. Antoine Dim Delobsom yanditse ku nama y'ibwami mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Nk'uko abivuga, Kamsoro Naba yari umwe mu batware bari hafi ya Mogho Naaba. Kera yaherekezaga [[Tansoba Naaba]] ku rugamba.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour : commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga "Kamsogo naba" mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano za kera == Inyandiko z'amateka zivuga Kamsaogho Naba nk'umutware w'imbere mu ngoro. Uyu mwanya wahabwaga inkone, akenshi yari imbohe y'intambara. Yayoboraga izindi nkone zo mu ngoro.<ref name="pag">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1965_num_35_1_1390 |title=Une enquête historique en pays mossi |author=Robert Pageard |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1965 |language=fr}}</ref> Kubera ko atagiraga abana, ntiyagiraga uruhare mu guhatanira ingoma. Kamsaogho Naba yagenzuraga inzu y'abagore b'umwami. Yafataga kandi ibyemezo bimwe byo imbere mu ngoro. Inyandiko za kera zivuga ko yashyiraga mu bikorwa ibihano byahawe abatware bakuru.<ref name="som" /> Yari umuvugizi w'abagore b'umwami.<ref name="pag" /> Ni yo mpamvu mu migani imwe yitwaga "umugore wa mbere wa Mogho Naaba".<ref name="som" /> Yagiraga kandi uruhare mu gihe cya Kourita, igihe cy'inzibacyuho nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mogho Naaba. Afatanyije n'abatware bo imbere mu ngoro, yafashaga gutoranya uyobora icyo gihe. Mbere yabanzaga kumva igitekerezo cya Pugh-Tiema, umugore wa mbere w'umwami wapfuye.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrébéogo, Robert Pageard |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano z'ubu == Muri iki gihe, Kamsonghin Naaba ni minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba ushinzwe urubyiruko. Ni n'umutware gakondo w'agace ka Kamsonghin.<ref name="wak">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wakatsera.com/ouagadougou-chefferie-coutumiere-le-kamsonghin-yarnaaba-boulga-intronise/ |title=Ouagadougou : chefferie coutumière, le Kamsonghin Yarnaaba Boulga intronisé |website=Wakat Séra |date=2023-02-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Ibikorwa bye bigaragara ahanini ni iby'imihango, iby'imibereho myiza n'iby'abaturage. Iyo Mogho Naaba asohoka mu mihango yemewe, Kamsonghin Naaba ni we wa mbere winjira aho ari. Areba ko umwami yiteguye mbere y'uko abandi batware binjira.<ref name="lib">{{Cite web |url=https://libreinfo.net/sortie-speciale-moogho-naaba/ |title=15 mai à Ouagadougou : sortie spéciale du Moogho Naaba |website=Libreinfo.net |date=2024-05-15 |language=fr}}</ref> Ahagararira kandi Mogho Naaba mu mihango y'amadini cyangwa y'abaturage. Mu Kwakira 2024, yamuhagarariye mu birori bya Mawlid byabereye i Wagadugu. Yatanze ubutumwa bw'amahoro n'ubufatanye.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2024/10/06/maouloud-2024-cheikh-moaze-ouedraogo-appelle-a-lacceptation-de-lautre/ |title=Maouloud 2024 : Cheikh Moaze Ouédraogo appelle à l'acceptation de l'autre |author=Amidou Ouédraogo |website=Burkina24 |date=2024-10-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Buri mwaka, umunsi mukuru wa ''naabasga'' wibutsa iyimikwa rye. Ubera mu ngoro ya Kamsonghin. Uhuza abatware gakondo, abatuye ako gace n'abashyitsi.<ref name="inf">{{Cite web |url=https://www.infosculturedufaso.net/nabaasga-le-kamsonghin-naaba-kiiba-fete-ses-six-ans/ |title=Naabasga : le Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba fête ses six ans |author=Ousmane Ouédraogo |website=Infos Culture du Faso |date=2021-06-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Georges Abdoulaye Tassembédo, ku izina rya Kamsonghin Naaba Wilpé N'Daogho, yavutse ku wa 7 Werurwe 1925, apfa ku wa 2 Werurwe 2006. Yari umukozi w'ubuzima n'umudepite. Yari minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba n'umuyobozi w'ibikorwa by'ingoro.<ref name="lf06">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article12786 |title=Décès du Kamsonghin Naaba : un gardien de la tradition s'en est allé |author=Ben Traoré |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006-03-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Kamsonghin Naaba Sanem yamusimbuye muri Mata 2006. Yavutse ku wa 27 Kamena 1958, apfa ku wa 2 Ukuboza 2014. Yari mu matsinda y'abatware gakondo n'ab'amadini barwanya gukeba abakobwa.<ref name="pays">{{Cite web |url=https://lepays.bf/chefferie-coutumiere-le-kamsonghin-naaba-nest-plus/ |title=Chefferie coutumière : le Kamsonghin Naaba n'est plus |author=Hamadi Baro |website=Le Pays |date=2014-12-04 |language=fr}}</ref> Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba yimitswe mu 2015. Umunsi mukuru we wa mbere wa naabasga wabaye mu 2016.<ref name="inf" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamsonghin Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] dfr0n7jvub2znyi49vgn88tl5w4xlig 149535 149523 2026-11-08T07:47:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 149535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Kamsonghin Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:ETH-BIB-Noch lange werden wohl die Lieblingsfrauen des Moro naba an ihren ersten Flug zurückdenken-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0909.tif|250px]] | caption = Abagore ba Mogho Naaba, 1930 | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'urubyiruko | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Agace ka Kamsonghin, i Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba (kuva mu 2015) }} '''Kamsonghin Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Kamsaogho Naba'', ''Kamsoro Naba'', ''Kamsaoghin Naaba'') ni umutware mukuru mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami gakondo w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]]. Iri zina rifitanye isano n'agace ka Kamsonghin. Inshingano ze za politiki, iz'ingoro n'iz'imihango zagiye zihinduka mu mateka. == Izina n'umwanya == Amazina Kamsoro Naba na Kamsaogho Naba aboneka mu nyandiko z'amateka. Izina Kamsonghin Naaba ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Ijambo ''naaba'' risobanura "umutware" cyangwa "umwami" mu Kimore. Antoine Dim Delobsom yanditse ku nama y'ibwami mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Nk'uko abivuga, Kamsoro Naba yari umwe mu batware bari hafi ya Mogho Naaba. Kera yaherekezaga [[Tansoba Naaba]] ku rugamba.<ref name="som">{{Cite web |url=https://our-global-u.org/oguorg/en/download/Featured%20Authors/yoporeka_somet/Yoporeka-SOMET_Le-Morho-Naba-et-sa-Cour.pdf |title=Le Morho-Naba et sa Cour : commentaire du texte de Dim Delobsom à la lumière de l'égyptologie |author=Yoporeka Somet |website=ANKH |date=2013 |language=fr}}</ref> Leo Frobenius avuga "Kamsogo naba" mu batware bakuru bahamagawe na Naaba Soarba, wasimbuye Oubri.<ref name="fb4">{{Cite book |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/opus4/files/55603/46431089X_ocrf.pdf |title=Histoire et contes des Mossi |author=Leo Frobenius |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=1986 |page=4 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano za kera == Inyandiko z'amateka zivuga Kamsaogho Naba nk'umutware w'imbere mu ngoro. Uyu mwanya wahabwaga inkone, akenshi yari imbohe y'intambara. Yayoboraga izindi nkone zo mu ngoro.<ref name="pag">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1965_num_35_1_1390 |title=Une enquête historique en pays mossi |author=Robert Pageard |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1965 |language=fr}}</ref> Kubera ko atagiraga abana, ntiyagiraga uruhare mu guhatanira ingoma. Kamsaogho Naba yagenzuraga inzu y'abagore b'umwami. Yafataga kandi ibyemezo bimwe byo imbere mu ngoro. Inyandiko za kera zivuga ko yashyiraga mu bikorwa ibihano byahawe abatware bakuru.<ref name="som" /> Yari umuvugizi w'abagore b'umwami.<ref name="pag" /> Ni yo mpamvu mu migani imwe yitwaga "umugore wa mbere wa Mogho Naaba".<ref name="som" /> Yagiraga kandi uruhare mu gihe cya Kourita, igihe cy'inzibacyuho nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mogho Naaba. Afatanyije n'abatware bo imbere mu ngoro, yafashaga gutoranya uyobora icyo gihe. Mbere yabanzaga kumva igitekerezo cya Pugh-Tiema, umugore wa mbere w'umwami wapfuye.<ref name="tie">{{Cite web |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1963_num_33_1_1365 |title=Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou |author=Yamba Tiendrébéogo, Robert Pageard |website=Journal de la Société des Africanistes |date=1963 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inshingano z'ubu == Muri iki gihe, Kamsonghin Naaba ni minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba ushinzwe urubyiruko. Ni n'umutware gakondo w'agace ka Kamsonghin.<ref name="wak">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wakatsera.com/ouagadougou-chefferie-coutumiere-le-kamsonghin-yarnaaba-boulga-intronise/ |title=Ouagadougou : chefferie coutumière, le Kamsonghin Yarnaaba Boulga intronisé |website=Wakat Séra |date=2023-02-08 |language=fr}}</ref> Ibikorwa bye bigaragara ahanini ni iby'imihango, iby'imibereho myiza n'iby'abaturage. Iyo Mogho Naaba asohoka mu mihango yemewe, Kamsonghin Naaba ni we wa mbere winjira aho ari. Areba ko umwami yiteguye mbere y'uko abandi batware binjira.<ref name="lib">{{Cite web |url=https://libreinfo.net/sortie-speciale-moogho-naaba/ |title=15 mai à Ouagadougou : sortie spéciale du Moogho Naaba |website=Libreinfo.net |date=2024-05-15 |language=fr}}</ref> Ahagararira kandi Mogho Naaba mu mihango y'amadini cyangwa y'abaturage. Mu Kwakira 2024, yamuhagarariye mu birori bya Mawlid byabereye i Wagadugu. Yatanze ubutumwa bw'amahoro n'ubufatanye.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2024/10/06/maouloud-2024-cheikh-moaze-ouedraogo-appelle-a-lacceptation-de-lautre/ |title=Maouloud 2024 : Cheikh Moaze Ouédraogo appelle à l'acceptation de l'autre |author=Amidou Ouédraogo |website=Burkina24 |date=2024-10-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Buri mwaka, umunsi mukuru wa ''naabasga'' wibutsa iyimikwa rye. Ubera mu ngoro ya Kamsonghin. Uhuza abatware gakondo, abatuye ako gace n'abashyitsi.<ref name="inf">{{Cite web |url=https://www.infosculturedufaso.net/nabaasga-le-kamsonghin-naaba-kiiba-fete-ses-six-ans/ |title=Naabasga : le Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba fête ses six ans |author=Ousmane Ouédraogo |website=Infos Culture du Faso |date=2021-06-01 |language=fr}}</ref> == Abagize iri zina == Georges Abdoulaye Tassembédo, ku izina rya Kamsonghin Naaba Wilpé N'Daogho, yavutse ku wa 7 Werurwe 1925, apfa ku wa 2 Werurwe 2006. Yari umukozi w'ubuzima n'umudepite. Yari minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba n'umuyobozi w'ibikorwa by'ingoro.<ref name="lf06">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article12786 |title=Décès du Kamsonghin Naaba : un gardien de la tradition s'en est allé |author=Ben Traoré |website=LeFaso.net |date=2006-03-06 |language=fr}}</ref> Kamsonghin Naaba Sanem yamusimbuye muri Mata 2006. Yavutse ku wa 27 Kamena 1958, apfa ku wa 2 Ukuboza 2014. Yari mu matsinda y'abatware gakondo n'ab'amadini barwanya gukeba abakobwa.<ref name="pays">{{Cite web |url=https://lepays.bf/chefferie-coutumiere-le-kamsonghin-naaba-nest-plus/ |title=Chefferie coutumière : le Kamsonghin Naaba n'est plus |author=Hamadi Baro |website=Le Pays |date=2014-12-04 |language=fr}}</ref> Kamsonghin Naaba Kiiba yimitswe mu 2015. Umunsi mukuru we wa mbere wa naabasga wabaye mu 2016.<ref name="inf" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamsonghin Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] appp3z28zo54fwe9opo7mrv9nznp6kb 0 24130 149524 2026-11-08T07:42:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Neem Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'imibereho myiza, uburezi n'ubutaka | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Kamboinsé, mu majyaruguru ya Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Neem Naaba Ritaam II (kuva mu 2012) }} '''Neem Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Neem Naba'', ''Neemd Naa..." 149524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Neem Naaba | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'imibereho myiza, uburezi n'ubutaka | label2 = Ubwami | data2 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label3 = Icyicaro | data3 = Kamboinsé, mu majyaruguru ya Wagadugu | label4 = Igihugu | data4 = [[Burukina Faso]] | label5 = Umushyiraho | data5 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label6 = Uriho ubu | data6 = Neem Naaba Ritaam II (kuva mu 2012) }} '''Neem Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Neem Naba'', ''Neemd Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba. Ni n'umutware gakondo wa Kamboinsé, mu majyaruguru ya Wagadugu. == Inshingano == Neem Naaba ari mu batware b'inama ya Mogho Naaba. Afite kandi ububasha gakondo kuri Kamboinsé. Agira uruhare mu buyobozi gakondo bw'ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Ashinzwe kandi imibanire hagati y'ibwami n'abatware gakondo b'imidugudu ya Wagadugu.<ref name="sam">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article87423 |title=Tibo Jean-Paul Tapsoba, député MPP : « La chefferie coutumière a pour essence la politique » |author=Edouard K. Samboé |website=leFaso.net |date=2019-01-09 |language=fr}}</ref> Neem Naaba agira uruhare mu bibazo by'ubumwe bw'abaturage, ubuhuza n'imicungire y'ubutaka. Mu migenzo y'Abamosi, ubutaka ni umutungo rusange. Bucungwa n'abatware b'ubutaka, abakuru b'imiryango n'abandi batware gakondo. Neem Naaba yitabira ibiganiro ku buryo iyo migenzo yahuzwa n'amategeko y'ubutaka y'iki gihe.<ref name="fon">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article138184 |title=Burkina/Gestion foncière : Le Neem Naaba appelle à une alliance entre tradition et modernité pour la paix et la cohésion sociale |author=Hamed Nanéma |website=leFaso.net |date=2025-05-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Ashobora guhagararira Mogho Naaba mu mihango rusange no mu bikorwa by'umuco, iby'uburezi cyangwa iby'imibereho myiza.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/05/12/competition-nationale-dart-oratoire-des-universites-cnao-u-2025-les-etudiants-sinitient-a-lart-de-la-parole/ |title=Compétition nationale d'art oratoire des universités 2025 : les étudiants s'initient à l'art de la parole |author=Djamila Wombo |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-05-12 |language=fr}}</ref> Agira kandi uruhare mu kwigisha indangagaciro z'uburezi, iz'umuco n'iz'ubwenegihugu z'Abamosi.<ref name="jct">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article138160 |title=Journée des coutumes et des traditions : l'éducation aux valeurs ancestrales au cœur d'une conférence publique |author=Hamed Nanéma |website=leFaso.net |date=2025-05-16 |language=fr}}</ref> == Izungura == Iri zina rizungurwa mu muryango w'urifite. Abo mu muryango bashobora kurizungura bategurirwa ubuyobozi gakondo. Ariko umuhungu w'imfura ntarihabwa mu buryo bwikora. Iyo urifite apfuye, umwe mu bagize umuryango atoranywa hakurikijwe imigenzo.<ref name="sam" /> == Abagize iri zina == Tibo Jean-Paul Tapsoba yasimbuye se mu 2012. Yimitswe ku izina rya Neem Naaba Ritaam II. Yize ubumenyi bw'isi, itangazamakuru n'imicungire y'abakozi. Mbere yo kwimikwa, yari umunyamakuru wa Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina. Nyuma y'amatora y'abadepite yo mu 2015, yabaye umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Burukina Faso.<ref name="sam" /> Muri Kamena 2026, Neem Naaba Ritaam II yari akiri kuri uyu mwanya. Yizihije ''nabasga'', umunsi mukuru gakondo wo kuvugurura ububasha bwe.<ref name="rtb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/rtburkina/posts/1200190182139995/ |title=Le Neem Naaba Ritaam II, roi de Kamboinsé, a célébré son Nabasga |website=Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina (Facebook) |date=2026-06-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neem Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] a1xcctm2nvj05zg2b5wmslpztikrvie 149536 149524 2026-11-08T07:47:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 149536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = Neem Naaba | abovestyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; font-size:125%; | headerstyle = background:#333399; color:#fff; | image = [[File:People riding throug the street as the sun sets.jpg|250px]] | caption = Umuhanda w'i Kamboinsé izuba rirenga | header1 = Ibisobanuro | label2 = Ubwoko | data2 = Izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo, minisitiri w'imibereho myiza, uburezi n'ubutaka | label3 = Ubwami | data3 = Abamosi ba [[Wagadugu]] | label4 = Icyicaro | data4 = Kamboinsé, mu majyaruguru ya Wagadugu | label5 = Igihugu | data5 = [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|20px|border|link=]] [[Burukina Faso]] | label6 = Umushyiraho | data6 = [[Mogho Naaba]] | label7 = Uriho ubu | data7 = Neem Naaba Ritaam II (kuva mu 2012) }} '''Neem Naaba''' (cyangwa ''Neem Naba'', ''Neemd Naaba'') ni izina ry'icyubahiro gakondo mu nama ya [[Mogho Naaba]], umwami w'ubwami bw'Abamosi bwa [[Wagadugu]], muri [[Burukina Faso]]. Urifite ni minisitiri wa Mogho Naaba. Ni n'umutware gakondo wa Kamboinsé, mu majyaruguru ya Wagadugu. == Inshingano == Neem Naaba ari mu batware b'inama ya Mogho Naaba. Afite kandi ububasha gakondo kuri Kamboinsé. Agira uruhare mu buyobozi gakondo bw'ubwami bwa Wagadugu. Ashinzwe kandi imibanire hagati y'ibwami n'abatware gakondo b'imidugudu ya Wagadugu.<ref name="sam">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article87423 |title=Tibo Jean-Paul Tapsoba, député MPP : « La chefferie coutumière a pour essence la politique » |author=Edouard K. Samboé |website=leFaso.net |date=2019-01-09 |language=fr}}</ref> Neem Naaba agira uruhare mu bibazo by'ubumwe bw'abaturage, ubuhuza n'imicungire y'ubutaka. Mu migenzo y'Abamosi, ubutaka ni umutungo rusange. Bucungwa n'abatware b'ubutaka, abakuru b'imiryango n'abandi batware gakondo. Neem Naaba yitabira ibiganiro ku buryo iyo migenzo yahuzwa n'amategeko y'ubutaka y'iki gihe.<ref name="fon">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article138184 |title=Burkina/Gestion foncière : Le Neem Naaba appelle à une alliance entre tradition et modernité pour la paix et la cohésion sociale |author=Hamed Nanéma |website=leFaso.net |date=2025-05-16 |language=fr}}</ref> Ashobora guhagararira Mogho Naaba mu mihango rusange no mu bikorwa by'umuco, iby'uburezi cyangwa iby'imibereho myiza.<ref name="b24">{{Cite web |url=https://burkina24.com/2025/05/12/competition-nationale-dart-oratoire-des-universites-cnao-u-2025-les-etudiants-sinitient-a-lart-de-la-parole/ |title=Compétition nationale d'art oratoire des universités 2025 : les étudiants s'initient à l'art de la parole |author=Djamila Wombo |website=Burkina24 |date=2025-05-12 |language=fr}}</ref> Agira kandi uruhare mu kwigisha indangagaciro z'uburezi, iz'umuco n'iz'ubwenegihugu z'Abamosi.<ref name="jct">{{Cite web |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article138160 |title=Journée des coutumes et des traditions : l'éducation aux valeurs ancestrales au cœur d'une conférence publique |author=Hamed Nanéma |website=leFaso.net |date=2025-05-16 |language=fr}}</ref> == Izungura == Iri zina rizungurwa mu muryango w'urifite. Abo mu muryango bashobora kurizungura bategurirwa ubuyobozi gakondo. Ariko umuhungu w'imfura ntarihabwa mu buryo bwikora. Iyo urifite apfuye, umwe mu bagize umuryango atoranywa hakurikijwe imigenzo.<ref name="sam" /> == Abagize iri zina == Tibo Jean-Paul Tapsoba yasimbuye se mu 2012. Yimitswe ku izina rya Neem Naaba Ritaam II. Yize ubumenyi bw'isi, itangazamakuru n'imicungire y'abakozi. Mbere yo kwimikwa, yari umunyamakuru wa Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina. Nyuma y'amatora y'abadepite yo mu 2015, yabaye umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Burukina Faso.<ref name="sam" /> Muri Kamena 2026, Neem Naaba Ritaam II yari akiri kuri uyu mwanya. Yizihije ''nabasga'', umunsi mukuru gakondo wo kuvugurura ububasha bwe.<ref name="rtb">{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/rtburkina/posts/1200190182139995/ |title=Le Neem Naaba Ritaam II, roi de Kamboinsé, a célébré son Nabasga |website=Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Burkina (Facebook) |date=2026-06-15 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Guverinoma gakondo ya Mogho Naaba}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neem Naaba}} [[Ikiciro:Burukina Faso]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] dziau6v2w5iig0g5agsvxd3vjd558ko