ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 290 191584 191566 2026-05-08T17:57:15Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mimosapudica.png|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ]] '''ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ 'Touch Me Not' ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱢᱚᱥᱟ ᱯᱩᱰᱤᱠᱟ (Mimosa pudica) <ref>http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24405</ref>᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱢᱚᱥᱮᱥᱤ (Mimosaceae) ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱸᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱣᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱚᱡᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱪᱩᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱵᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ (Nastic movement) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ== [[File:Mimosa Pudica.gif|thumb|''Mimosa pudica'' folding leaflets inward.]] [[File:Mimosa pudica MHNT.BOT.2004.0.0.495.jpg|thumb|''Mimosa pudica'' seeds]] ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱᱢᱩᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱥᱚᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱠᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱬᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱕ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱙᱐ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱩᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱕ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕.᱐ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]] ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑.᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑.᱕ ᱥᱮ.ᱢᱤ. ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ==ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ== [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱡᱽᱣᱟᱲᱩ, ᱚᱧᱡᱚᱞᱤᱠᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨᱤ, ᱨᱚᱠᱛᱚᱯᱟᱫᱤ, ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱯᱚᱛᱨᱟ, ᱠᱷᱫᱤᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱤᱨᱤ, ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱥᱠᱟᱨᱤ, ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱨᱚᱬᱤ, ᱜᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢᱟᱬᱤᱠᱟ, ᱞᱚᱡᱽᱣᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ <ref>http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.36:733.praharaj{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡᱽᱣᱚᱱᱛᱤ, ᱪᱷᱩᱭᱢᱩᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱜᱩᱱ== ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱛᱚᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱺᱦᱩ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩᱪᱷᱮᱣ, ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟᱪᱷᱮᱣ, ᱞᱮᱲᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ, ᱵᱚᱥᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱞᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱟ, ᱠᱷᱩᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱜ-ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041110030953/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=625 A list of notable chemical compounds found in ''Mimosa pudica''] * [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Mimosa_pudica View occurrences of ''Mimosa pudica'' in the Biodiversity Heritage Library] * [http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-ombrello/POW/sensitive_plant.htm "Sensitive Plant" page by Dr. T. Ombrello] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110607191144/http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/records/rec117.htm Page about nyctinasty and leaf movement of ''Mimosa pudica''] by John Hewitson * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiVkpZiV6gY Youtube video: ''Mimosa Pudica''] * Indiana.edu "Plants in motion" videos of ''Mimosa pudica'': [http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/nastic/mimosa/mimosa.html 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210032044/http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/nastic/mimosa/mimosa.html |date=2008-12-10 }} and *[http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/nastic/mimosa/strongmimosa.html 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210032424/http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/movements/nastic/mimosa/strongmimosa.html |date=2008-12-10 }} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} p6nr3gamxnzikeghulgvbustkryojmo 0 1177 191585 182789 2026-05-08T17:59:26Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | name = ᱪᱮᱬᱮ | fossil_range = <br />{{fossilrange|121|0|[[Early Cretaceous]] ([[Aptian]]) – [[Holocene|Present]],<ref name=divergence/> 121–0 Mya| | earliest=160.8}} | image = <imagemap> File:Bird Diversity 2013.png|300px rect 0 0 333 232 [[Red-crested turaco]] rect 0 232 333 470 [[Steller's sea eagle]] rect 0 696 333 470 [[Rock dove]] rect 0 928 333 700 [[Southern cassowary]] rect 0 1160 333 930 [[Gentoo penguin]] rect 0 1392 333 1160 [[Bar-throated minla]] rect 666 0 333 232 [[shoebill]] rect 666 232 333 470 [[grey crowned crane]] rect 666 696 333 470 [[Anna's hummingbird]] rect 666 928 333 700 [[rainbow lorikeet]] rect 666 1160 333 930 [[grey heron]] rect 666 1392 333 1160 [[Eurasian eagle-owl]] rect 999 0 333 232 [[white-tailed tropicbird]] rect 999 232 333 470 [[Indian peafowl]] rect 999 696 333 470 [[Atlantic puffin]] rect 999 928 333 700 [[American flamingo]] rect 999 1160 333 930 [[blue-footed booby]] rect 999 1392 333 1160 [[keel-billed toucan]] </imagemap> | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Aves | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=80129&tree=0.1 | title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves | accessdate=11 June 2012 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | date=14 August 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon | archive-date=5 May 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505214909/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=80129&tree=0.1 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Extant [[Order (biology)|orders]] and temporal range | subdivision = {{show |1=See orders |2= * Infraclass [[Palaeognathae]] ** Superorder Struthionimorphae *** [[Struthioniformes]] (Ostrichs) – 58?–0 Mya, Late [[Paleocene]]?–[[Holocene|Present]] ** Superorder [[Notopalaeognathae]] *** [[Rheiformes]] (Rheas) – 56–0 Mya, Late [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Tinamiformes]] (Tinamous) – 10–0 Mya, Middle [[Miocene]]–Present *** [[Casuariiformes]] (Casowaries and Emus) – 58.7–0 Mya, Late [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Apterygiformes]] (Kiwis) – 23.03–0 Mya, Early [[Miocene]]–Present * Infraclass [[Neognathae]] ** Superorder [[Galloanserae]] *** [[Galliformes]] (Gamebirds) – 45–0 Mya, Middle [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Anseriformes]] (Waterfowl) – 71–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]])–Present ** Superorder [[Neoaves]] *** [[Phoenicopteriformes]] (Flamingos) – 50–0 Mya, Early [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Podicipediformes]] (Grebes) – 25–0 Mya, Late [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Columbiformes]] (Pigeons and doves) – 23.03–0 Mya, Early [[Miocene]]–Present *** [[Mesitornithiformes]] (Mesites) – No fossil records *** [[Pterocliformes]] (Sandgrouse) – 33.9–0 Mya, Late [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Apodiformes]] (swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds) – 52–0 Mya, Early [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Caprimulgiformes]] (Nightjars, nighthawks, potoos, oilbirds, frogmouths and owlet-nightjars) – 59.2–0 Mya, Middle [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Cuculiformes]] (Cuckoos, anis, etc) – 34–0 Mya, Late [[Miocene]]–Present *** [[Otidiformes]] (Bustards, floricans, etc) – 13–0 Mya, Middle [[Miocene]]–Present *** [[Musophagiformes]] (Turacos and go-away-birds) – 24–0 Mya, Late [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Opisthocomiformes]] (Hoatzin) – 33.9–0 Mya, Late [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Gruiformes]] (Cranes, crakes, rails, wood-rails, fluftais, gallinules, limpkins, trumpeters, finfoots and sungrebes) – 66–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]])–Present *** [[Charadriiformes]] (Plovers, crab plovers, lapwings, seagulls, puffins, auks, sandipipers, buttonquails, stilts, avocets, ibisbills, woodcocks, skuas, etc) – 75–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Campanian]])–Present *** [[Gaviiformes]] (Loons) – 70–0 Mya, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)–Present *** [[Procellariiformes]] (petrels, storm petrels, albatrosses and diving petrels) – 33.9–0 Mya, Early [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Sphenisciformes]] (penguins) – 62–0 Mya, Early [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Ciconiiformes]] (storks, openbills and jabirus) – 30–0 Mya, Early [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Suliformes]] (boobies, gannets, frigatebirds, cormorants, shags and anhingas) – 90–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Turonian]])–Present *** [[Pelecaniformes]] (pelicans, ibises, shoebills, egrets, herons, etc) – 66–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]])–Present *** [[Eurypygiformes]] (sunbitterns and kagu) – 56–0 Mya, Late [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Phaethontiformes]] (tropicbirds) – 58.7–0 Mya, Late Paleocene–Present *** [[Cathartiformes]] (New World vultures) – 41–0 Mya, Middle [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Accipitriformes]] (eagles, Old World vultures, secretary-birds, hawks, harriers, etc) – 47–0 Mya, Late Eocene–Present *** [[Strigiformes]] (owls) – 30–0 Mya, Early [[Oligocene]]–Present *** [[Coliiformes]] (mousebirds) – ~65–0 Mya, Early [[Paleocene]]–Present *** [[Leptosomiformes]] (cuckoorollers) – No fossil record *** [[Trogoniformes]] (trogons and quetzals) – 49–0 Mya, Early [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Bucerotiformes]] (hornbills, hoopoes and wood-hoopoes) – ~40–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present *** [[Coraciiformes]] (rollers, bee eaters, todys, kingfishers, etc) – 41.2–0 Mya, Middle Eocene–Present *** [[Piciformes]] (woodpeckers, flickers, toucans, aracaris, motmots, etc) – 56–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present *** [[Cariamiformes]] (seriema) – 66–0 Mya, Late [[Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]])–Present *** [[Falconiformes]] (falcons and caracaras) – 50–0 Mya, Early [[Eocene]]–Present *** [[Psittaciformes]] (parrots and cockatoos) – 50–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present *** [[Passeriformes]] (passerines) – 52.5–0 Mya, Early Eocene–Present }} | synonyms = * Neornithes <small>Gadow, 1883</small> }} [[File: House sparrow04.jpg|thumb|]] ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ '''ᱪᱮᱬᱮ''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last=del Hoyo |first=Josep |coauthors=Andy Elliott and Jordi Sargatal |title=[[Handbook of Birds of the World]], Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks |year=1992 |publisher=[[Lynx Edicions]] |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-87334-10-5}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱮᱣᱤᱥ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱡᱽ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last=Newton |first= Ian|year=2003 |title=पक्षियों के बायोजियोग्राफी प्रजातीकरण|location=Amsterdam |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=0-12-517375-X| pages=p. 463}}</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱸᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱜᱟᱺᱦᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕᱐ ᱢᱤ. ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱱᱛᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱠᱬᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ <br>ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ, ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱯᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ== ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱞ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱚᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱡᱼᱟ ᱾ [[File: Bird Diversity 2013.png|thumb|ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]] ==ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ== ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱱᱤ ᱱᱤᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱦᱟᱸᱥ ᱦᱟᱺᱥᱞᱤ, [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ]], ᱢᱤᱨᱩ, ᱥᱟᱨᱚ, [[ᱠᱚᱭᱮᱞ]], ᱦᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ, [[ᱯᱚᱛᱟᱢ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱤᱥᱱᱤ]], ᱴᱤᱡᱴᱚᱲᱚᱜ, ᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱴᱮᱸᱜᱚᱡ, ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱪᱩᱭ, ᱠᱮᱨᱠᱮᱴᱟ, ᱥᱮᱨᱟᱞᱤ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱨᱤ, ᱩᱸᱴ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, [[ᱜᱷᱟᱲᱣᱟ]], ᱪᱟᱹᱧᱪᱤᱨ, [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱩᱲᱤᱡ, ᱛᱩᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱩ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱲ, [[ᱜᱤᱫᱤ]], ᱨᱤᱪᱤ, ᱠᱚᱜ, ᱞᱩᱵᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱜ, ᱰᱟᱹᱠ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱠᱟᱺᱭᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱠᱚᱠᱚᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱜᱮ, ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱲᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱫᱩᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ᱥᱤᱢ, ᱜᱮᱰᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱾ <ref>{{cite web | title=List of birds of India | website=Wikipedia | date=2007-04-27 | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_India | access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ== ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱷᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ, ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://www.birdlife.org/ Birdlife International]—Dedicated to bird conservation worldwide; has a database with about 250,000 records on endangered bird species. * [http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm Bird biogeography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304043432/http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm |date=2007-03-04 }} * [http://www.audubon.org/bird/index.html Birds and Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810134957/http://www.audubon.org/bird/index.html |date=2010-08-10 }} from the '''National Audubon Society''' * [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/ Cornell Lab of Ornithology] * [http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/completed_essays.html Essays on bird biology] * [http://www.mrnussbaum.com/birdsindex.htm North American Birds for Kids] * [http://www.ornithology.com/ Ornithology] * [http://sora.unm.edu/ Sora]—Searchable online research archive; Archives of the following ornithological journals '''The Auk''', '''Condor (journal)|Condor''', Journal of Field Ornithology, North American Bird Bander, Studies in Avian Biology, Pacific Coast Avifauna, and '''the Wilson Bulletin'''. * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/ The Internet Bird Collection]—A free library of videos of the world's birds * [http://www.birdpop.org/ The Institute for Bird Populations, California] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100323064035/http://media.library.uiuc.edu/cgi/b/bib/bix-idx?c=bix%3Bcc%3Dbix%3Bsid%3D0c4f6243857204b94fcdebc6dce5d8b2%3Btype%3Dsimple%3Bpage%3Dbrowse%3Binst%3Dbix_10%3Bsort%3Dregion list of field guides to birds], from the International Field Guides database * [http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdidentifier/ RSPB bird identifier]—Interactive identification of all UK birds == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == [[Category:ᱪᱮᱬᱮ]] qz0f88ef2eyd0dwxiy36nulg3q8iagd 0 6267 191570 94173 2026-05-08T15:13:31Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ | other_name = | official_name = | settlement_type = [[ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Aarti at Har-ki-Pauri, Haridwar.jpg | photo2a = Ropeway to Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar.jpg | photo2b = Chandidevi temple5.JPG | photo3a = Evening view of Har-ki-Pauri, Haridwar.jpg | photo3b = Ganga river at haridwar.jpg | photo4a = Hindu god Shiva murti statue near Ganges in Haridwar India sights culture beliefs 2015.jpg | photo4b = Mansa Devi Temple, Haridwar 06.jpg | photo5a = Haridwar Junction Railway Station (Oct 18, 2011).jpg | position = | size = 266 | foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' <br> [[Aarti|Ganga Aarti]] at [[Har Ki Pauri]], [[Chandi Devi Temple, Haridwar|Chandi Devi Temple]], <br> morning view of Har Ki Pauri, [[Mansa Devi Temple, Haridwar|Mansa Devi Temple]], <br> [[Haridwar railway station]], Shiv Murti by the [[Ganges|Ganga River]], <br> Evening view of Har Ki Pauri and [[Gondola lift|Ropeway]] to Chandi Devi Temple. }} | nickname = | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱴᱤ | established_date2 = ᱑᱘᱖᱘ | founder = | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] | governing_body = [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ]] | leader_title1 = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ | leader_name1 = [[ᱟᱱᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 12.3 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 314 | population_total = | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population = 228,832<ref>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800359-hardwar-uttarakhand.html Hardwar Population Census 2011]</ref> | population_metro = 231,338 | population_rank = | population_demonym = | population_footnotes =<ref name=census>{{cite web | title = haridwar City Population Census of India, 2011 | publisher = Office of the Registrar General, India | date = 2 March 2002 |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/28-hardwar.html| accessdate = 23 August 2015}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱒᱔᱙᱔᱐᱑ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = +᱙᱑-᱑᱓᱓᱔ | registration_plate = UK-08 | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱑.᱑᱘<ref name=census/> [[ᱠᱚᱲᱟ|♂]]/[[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ|♀]] | website = {{URL|haridwarnagarnigam.com/}} | pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India | coordinates = {{coord|29.945|N|78.163|E|display=inline,title}} | footnotes = | leader_title2 = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ | leader_name2 = ᱟᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] }} '''ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ʌr|ɪ|ˈ|d|w|ɑr}}; {{audio|Haridwar.ogg|local pronunciation}}, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ '''ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱣᱟᱨ ''' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱸᱭ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{convert|253|km|mi}} ᱞᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ==ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ== [[File:Haridwar Aerial view.jpg|thumb| ᱜᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱱᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱧᱡᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱞ (ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ)]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''[[ᱦᱚᱨᱤ]]'' ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱠᱨᱤᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ <ref name=sahaja>[http://sahajaharidwar.tripod.com/About_Haridwar.html About Haridwar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220212723/http://sahajaharidwar.tripod.com/About_Haridwar.html |date=2018-02-20 }} sahajaharidwar.</ref> ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱭᱲᱟᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ== "ᱟᱭᱚᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱢᱚᱛᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱧᱪᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱱᱛᱤᱠᱟ <br /> ᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱵᱟᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱤᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱛᱟᱭᱤᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱠᱷᱥᱭᱚᱫᱟᱭᱤᱠᱟ" – ''[[Garuda Purana|ᱜᱚᱨᱩᱰᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬᱚ]] I XVI .14'' ''[[ᱟᱡᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱛᱷᱩᱨᱟ]], ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ, [[Varanasi|ᱠᱟᱥᱤ]], [[Kanchipuram|ᱠᱟᱧᱪᱤ]], [[Ujjain|ᱚᱵᱚᱱᱛᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[Dwarka|ᱫᱣᱟᱨᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱦᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNcXrBlI9S0C&pg=PA3&lpg=#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Hindu Temple|first=Stella|last=Kramrisch|date=25 February 2018|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|via=Google Books}}</ref> ''ᱜᱚᱨᱩᱰᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱬ'' ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱠᱷᱭᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱝᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱛᱨᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱛᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱠᱷᱭᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ== [[File:Haridwar Railway station.JPG|right|thumb|175px|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ=== ᱫᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱕᱘ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱢᱮᱨᱩᱴ, ᱢᱩᱡᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱨᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱔ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱥᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱯᱤᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱨᱮᱞ=== ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱢᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱡᱚᱫᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ]], [[ᱜᱟᱭᱟ]], [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱚᱥᱤ]], [[ᱤᱞᱞᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ]], [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] , [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱲ]], [[ᱤᱱᱫᱚᱨ]] [[ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱣᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ=== ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱰᱮᱨᱟᱰᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟᱜ 35&nbsp;km ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱫᱤᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 220&nbsp;km ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ== ===ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ=== ᱛᱟᱯ: * ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ: 25&nbsp;°C&nbsp;– 44&nbsp;°C * ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ: −1&nbsp;°C&nbsp;– 24&nbsp;°C<ref>[http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/districts/haridwar/ New District] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830035914/http://www.gmvnl.com/newgmvn/districts/haridwar/ |date=30 August 2008 }} Haridwar, www.gmvnl.com.</ref> {{Weather box |location = Haridwar |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 20 |Feb high C = 22 |Mar high C = 27 |Apr high C = 33 |May high C = 36 |Jun high C = 34 |Jul high C = 31 |Aug high C = 30 |Sep high C = 30 |Oct high C = 29 |Nov high C = 26 |Dec high C = 22 |Jan low C = 7 |Feb low C = 9 |Mar low C = 13 |Apr low C = 18 |May low C = 21 |Jun low C = 23 |Jul low C = 23 |Aug low C = 23 |Sep low C = 21 |Oct low C = 17 |Nov low C = 11 |Dec low C = 8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 72 |Feb precipitation mm = 76 |Mar precipitation mm = 78 |Apr precipitation mm = 55 |May precipitation mm = 113 |Jun precipitation mm = 296 |Jul precipitation mm = 599 |Aug precipitation mm = 568 |Sep precipitation mm = 301 |Oct precipitation mm = 102 |Nov precipitation mm = 23 |Dec precipitation mm = 91 |source = [http://www.sunmap.eu/weather/asia/india/uttarakhand/haridwar Sunmap] |date=May 2012}} ==ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ== [[File:Har ki pauri panoramic view1.jpg|center|1000px|thumb|ᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ]] [[File:Panorama of Haridwar City.jpg|center|1000px|thumb|ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ]] ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haridwar ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== 4fb5afemnqjigbjygeh4yak87lg9rge 0 21347 191632 185089 2026-05-09T10:57:40Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ + 191632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) | nickname = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy --> | settlement_type = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ | image_skyline = File:Lance Naik Albert Ekka statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱭᱳᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱞ'', ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|23.054324|84.204564|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]] | government_type = ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱠᱨᱟᱥᱤ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 208.72 | population_total = 30926 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱘᱓᱕᱒᱐᱖ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/STD ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱖᱕᱒᱔ | registration_plate = JH 07 | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱗᱒.᱔᱓% | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱞᱳᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]] | blank3_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank3_info_sec1 = [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]] | website = {{URL|gumla.nic.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ]], ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ|ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1319-1972-0005-58734.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 5, page 128|date=1972-01-29|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/1062|title=PVC|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱱᱟ — ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ, ᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷᱨᱟ, ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚ, ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱨᱟᱭᱰᱤᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ), ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱯᱟᱞᱠᱳᱴ, ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱢᱰᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ), ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱚᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url= https://gumla.nic.in/about-district/ |title = Gumla |work = About district/ Administrative Set-up/ Subdivision | publisher= Gumla district authorities| access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref> ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱩᱥᱩᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱴ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒,᱕᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱟᱴ'' ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱪᱮᱱᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] ᱯᱟᱴ (᱓,᱓᱕᱖ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ), ᱞᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ (᱓,᱗᱗᱗ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱞᱜᱚᱴ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱫᱚ (᱓,᱘᱒᱓ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱟᱹ ᱚᱛᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱓᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= page 7: Natural Divisions|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Chota-Nagpur |title = Chota Nagpur plateau |publisher= Britannica| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱲᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱠᱷ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | title = District Gumla Backward Region Grant Fund, Annual Action Plan 2011-12 | work = page 6 | publisher = District administration - Gumla | access-date = 7 October 2021 | archive-date = 7 August 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220807211338/http://www.nrcddp.org/District_Plans/Gumla_BRGF_District_Plan_2011-12.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ|ᱰᱩᱢᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱭᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱹᱭᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱭᱰᱤᱦ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱭᱰᱤᱦ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱳᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱞᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/gumla.html | title = Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India| accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/chhattisgarh/tehsil/jashpur.html| title = Jahpur Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/chhattisgarh/tehsil/balrampur.html | title = Balrampur Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 6 October 2021}}</ref> ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱘.᱗᱒ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2021_PART_B_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| title = District Police Profile - Gumla| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 5 October 2021| archive-date = 5 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211005032328/https://jhpolice.gov.in/gumla| url-status = dead}}</ref> ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱚᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱨᱤ, ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ|ᱡᱚᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Gumla, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Gumla district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ== ===ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱚᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐,᱙᱒᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱕,᱗᱘᱖ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕,᱑᱔᱐ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐-᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱕,᱑᱒᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱑᱔᱒ (᱓.᱖᱙%) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔,᱗᱓᱓ (᱗᱖.᱗᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=census2011/> ===ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ=== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘,᱔᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱑.᱔᱓%) ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐,᱓᱙᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱗᱙.᱔᱗%) ᱟᱨ ᱘,᱐᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱖᱓.᱑᱗%) ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱖.᱙᱒% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 7 October 2021}}</ref> {{ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ|collapsible=y}} ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ=== {{Pie chart |caption = '''ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ''' |label1 = [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ]] |value1= 60.35 |color1 = pink |label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 39.29 |color2 = orange |label3 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ |value3 = 0.36|color3 = grey }} ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ-ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘,᱖᱕᱑ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱖᱐.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱫᱚ (᱑᱒,᱑᱔᱔/᱓᱙.᱓᱙%), ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ (᱑᱑᱑/᱐.᱕᱖%) ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱙,᱙᱔᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ/ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱱ, ᱑,᱒᱘᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-16%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | title = C-16 Population by Mother Tongue| work= Census of India 2011| publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India| access-date =11 January 2022}}</ref> {{bar box |title=ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ |titlebar=#FCD116 |left1= |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ]]|dodgerblue|59.59}} {{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|darkorange|21.99}} {{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]|green|6.31}} {{bar percent|ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ|magenta|0.16}} {{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ|grey|11.95}} }} ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ (ᱡᱟᱨᱤ) ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ-ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱘,᱔᱒᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱙.᱕᱙% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ (᱖,᱘᱐᱒/᱒᱑.᱙᱙%), 'ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ' ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ (᱓,᱖᱙᱖/᱑᱑.᱙᱕%), [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱫᱚ (᱑,᱙᱕᱐/᱖.᱓᱑%), ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱕᱐/᱐.᱑᱖%) ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW20C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | title = C1 Population by Religious Community 2011| work = 2011 Census of India | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | access-date =23 January 2022}}</ref> ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱐᱖,᱗᱕᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘.᱙᱔% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱨᱟᱶ, [[ᱫᱷᱟᱸᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ (᱖᱒.᱖᱓%), ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ, ᱯᱟᱛᱚᱨ (᱑᱑.᱗᱐%), ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤ, ᱰᱷᱮᱞᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱫᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ (᱙.᱐᱗%), ᱞᱳᱦᱨᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ (᱕.᱗᱗%) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱠ ᱫᱚ (᱒.᱕᱗%) ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 9 October 2021}}</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]] 4xi5f9o7gg0di3c1atqtp054eolfky2 0 23211 191602 156771 2026-05-08T21:57:03Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ᱴᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ | image = Tom_Byron_2012.jpg | caption = ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ | birth_name = ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟᱱ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|04|04}} | birth_place = [[ᱦᱟᱣᱥᱴᱤᱱ]], [[ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ]], ᱭᱩᱹ ᱮᱥᱹ | death_date = | other_names = ᱴᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ, ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ | years_active = 1982–1993, 1996-present (as performer)<ref name="IAFD">{{cite web|title=Tom Byron|publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=tbyron/gender=m/tom-byron.htm|access-date=October 12, 2008}}</ref><br/>1996–2013 (as director)<ref name="IAFD" /> | height = | website = }} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''ᱴᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱵᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱯᱷᱮᱨᱳ) ᱔ ᱟᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱩᱫᱩᱜᱤᱡ᱾ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱳ<ref name="XRCOHOF">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bwdl.net/XRCO-2/hall.htm|title=XRCO Hall of Fame|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-date=2015-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706034357/http://www.bwdl.net/XRCO-2/hall.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱹ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮᱹ ᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ #᱒᱐ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="AVN HOF">{{Cite news|url=http://www.avnawards.com/index.php?content=halloffame|title=AVN Hall of Fame|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-date=2007-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020014724/http://www.avnawards.com/index.php?content=halloffame|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AVN's Top 50 Porn Stars of All Time [January 2002&#93; |url=http://www.amiannoying.com/(S(edtbk445j1np3eu3rhdhzs55))/collection.aspx?collection=70 |access-date=2013-09-25 |publisher=AmIAnnoying.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱵᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱨᱮᱧᱡᱽᱼᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠ ᱦᱟᱭᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱳᱭᱮᱹᱥᱴ ᱳᱨᱮᱹᱝᱡᱼᱥᱴᱟᱨᱠ ᱦᱟᱭᱥᱩᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱭᱮᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱥᱴᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱴ == ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱠᱳᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱥᱮ " ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ " ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Rog">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rogreviews.com/interviews/tom_byron.asp|title=Tom Byron May 2000 interview|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226021329/http://www.rogreviews.com/interviews/tom_byron.asp|archive-date=2007-12-26}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ' ᱳᱭᱟᱴ ᱜᱮᱴᱥ ᱢᱮ ᱦᱳᱴ ' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱞᱳᱨᱰᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱱ ᱞᱚᱭᱤᱱᱰ ᱡᱤᱝᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ , ᱩᱱᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱩᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ " ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱡᱤᱧᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱢ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱰ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮ, ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="grillo">{{Cite web |last=Grillo |first=Steve |title=ADULT FILM STAR TOM BYRON! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiz0Klo0hAU |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱱᱤᱛᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱚᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱵᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱯᱳᱠ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾" ᱵᱷᱚᱭᱜᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="grillo"/> ᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱳᱨᱰᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱼᱥᱤᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ , ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, " ᱠᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱢᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ 90 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱨᱟ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grillo |first=Steve |title=ADULT FILM STAR TOM BYRON! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jiz0Klo0hAU |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱯᱚᱨᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱤᱞᱤᱱᱼᱥᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱼᱮᱞᱚᱠᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱧᱼᱠᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱲᱛᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱟᱵ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱳᱞᱤᱭᱩᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱚᱠ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ " ᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱮ " ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cat Alley (1986 Video) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0181354/soundtrack/?ref_=tt_trv_snd |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Byron - "Cat Alley" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQUSdk2bMiw |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ "ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ "ᱰᱟᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱳᱞᱰ ᱢᱮᱱ" ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱡᱮᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱫᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱨᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="grillo"/> ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱜᱟᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ' ᱮᱵᱷᱳᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱤᱠᱟ ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ' ᱦᱟᱣᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱥ ' ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱵᱨᱩᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱢ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱠᱪᱟᱨᱥ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱢ ᱵᱳᱭᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="XBIZ">{{Cite news|url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=157308&mi=all&q=tom+byron+company|title=Porn Veteran Tom Byron Launches Tom Byron Company.|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041630/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=157308&mi=all&q=tom+byron+company|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref><ref name="grillo"/> ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ " ᱤᱧ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱕᱙ ᱤᱧᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="grillo"/> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱᱼᱵᱚᱭᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ' ''ᱵᱳᱜᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱥ'' ' ᱼᱨᱮᱭᱭᱭᱥᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱮᱨᱪᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="grillo"/> == ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ == ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱓,᱒᱐᱐ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ ᱮᱰᱚᱞᱴ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="iafd">{{Cite news|url=http://jonmillward.com/blog/studies/deep-inside-a-study-of-10000-porn-stars/|title=Deep Inside : A Study of 10,000 Porn Stars and Their Careers|access-date=2013-01-19}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ'' ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱤᱛᱤᱝ ᱜᱳᱥ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ''ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮᱴᱟᱨᱥ'' ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱱᱤᱥᱚᱢᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2010 |title=Tom Byron Releases 'Asseaters Unanimous 22' |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/128764/tom-byron-releases-asseaters-unanimous-22 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=Xbiz}}</ref> == ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ == [[ᱨᱮᱫ:Tom_Byron_46.JPG|thumb|᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱾]] {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;" |+<span style="font-size: 9pt">'''ᱴᱟᱢ ᱵᱳᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱾'''</span> | colspan="2" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align: center;" |ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾ |- |- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;" | style="text-align:center;" |'''ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾''' | style="text-align:center; background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;" |'''ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾''' |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾ |{{won|16}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱥᱤ ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱾ |{{won|1}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾ |{{won|1}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱮᱠᱥᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾ |{{won|2}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱮᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾ |{{won|15}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱾ |{{won|1}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; ᱯᱷᱳᱹᱠᱹᱼᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾ |{{won|1}} |} |- style="background:#d9e8ff;" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ; '''ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ''' |- |{{won|'''Totals'''}} |{{won|'''42'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+ᱥᱤ ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱾ !ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ !ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ !ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ |- | rowspan="3" |'''1984 ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚ ᱾'''<ref name="rame">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rame.net/library/lists/best.html|title=rame awards list|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-date=2019-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421220757/http://www.rame.net/library/lists/best.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ | rowspan="2" |''ᱵᱮᱼᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾'' |- |ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱜᱮᱥᱚ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱾ |- |ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱮᱸᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱾ |''ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱭᱤ ᱢᱚᱵᱤᱞ ᱾'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+ᱮᱠᱥᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾ !ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ !ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ !ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ |- |'''2010 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾'''<ref name="XBizwin10">{{Cite web |last=Lyla Katz |date=2010-02-11 |title=XBIZ Awards 2010 Winners Announced |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/117447?ln=web |access-date=2010-02-23 |publisher=XBiz.com}}</ref> |ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱳᱨn ᱥᱴᱟᱨ (ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱭᱮᱥ) |{{n/a}} |- |'''2017 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾'''<ref name="xbizwinners2016">[http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php XBIZ Award Winners], ''[[XBIZ]]'', January, 2016</ref> |ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱼᱥᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ |''ᱴᱨᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱳᱨᱰᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ XXX:80 ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱭᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱾'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+ᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ !ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ !ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ !ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾ |- |'''1986 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾'''<ref name="afw0187">"10th Annual Erotic Awards," ''Adam Film World'', January 1987, p. 7</ref> |ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱨᱰᱩ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾ |''ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱳᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱦᱩᱠᱟᱨ'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+ᱯᱷᱳᱹᱠᱹᱼᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ <ref name="CanBest">[http://canbest.com/awards2.html "Adult Video Awards"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014025947/http://canbest.com/awards2.html |date=2007-10-14 }}, CanBest.com.</ref> !ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ !ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ |- |'''1991 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾''' | rowspan="4" |ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱾ |- |'''1992 ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚ ᱾''' |- |'''1999 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾''' |- |'''2012 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾''' |} {| class="wikitable" |+ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ !ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾ !ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾ |- |'''2002 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾''' |ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱼ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ |} {| class="wikitable" |+XRCO Awards !Year !Category !Nominated work |- | rowspan="2" |'''1985'''<ref name="XRCO1985">{{Cite web |last=MayorDefacto |title=Transcript of the video A Night of Legends: First Annual XRCO Adult Film Awards |url=https://docs.google.com/View?docid=dcpxgmgk_0hrghhdgp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812055222/https://docs.google.com/View?docid=dcpxgmgk_0hrghhdgp |archive-date=2011-08-12 |access-date=2008-08-09}}</ref> |Stud of the Year |rowspan="2" {{n/a}} |- |XRCO Video Stallion |- |'''1986'''<ref name="TBAIWARDS">{{Cite web |title=Tom Byron Awards |url=http://aiwards.com/man/tom-byron |access-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> |XRCO Best Group Grope Scene |''New Wave Hookers'' |- | rowspan="2" |'''1989'''<ref name="TBAIWARDS" /> |XRCO Best Male-Female Sex Scene |''Naked Stranger'' |- |Male Performer Of The Year |{{n/a}} |- |'''1990'''<ref name="XRCO" /> |XRCO Best Couples Sex Scene - Video |''The Chameleon'' |- |'''1992'''<ref name="TBAIWARDS" /> |Best Anal Scene |''Bend Over Babes II'' |- |'''1993''' |XRCO Hall of Fame inductee |{{n/a}} |- | rowspan="2" |'''1996'''<ref name="XRCO">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bwdl.net/XRCO-2/oldies.html|title=XRCO past winners|access-date=2007-12-27|archive-date=2011-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064751/http://www.bwdl.net/XRCO-2/oldies.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Best Actor (Single Performance) |''Flesh'' |- |Best Anal or DP Scene |''Car Wash Angels'' |- | rowspan="3" |'''1997'''<ref name="XRCO" /> |Best Actor |''Indigo Delta'' |- |Best Anal Scene |''Behind the Sphinc Door'' |- |Male Performer of the Year |{{n/a}} |- |'''1998'''<ref name="XRCO" /> |Best Gonzo Series |''Whack Attack'' |} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ|3}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * Tom Byron on Facebook * Tom Byron at IMDb * Tom Byron at the Internet Adult Film Database * Tom Byron at the Adult Film Database {{AVN Male}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱱ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ev5aoez8ti87pshj1bay64gvuvyoqcc 0 23534 191603 191476 2026-05-08T23:35:37Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ | flag = Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg | flag_upright = 1.02 | flag_caption = [[Union Flag]] | population = {{plainlist| * ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ {{Circa|'''᱗᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ'''}}<!-- figure identified on talk page combining domestic Britons and official numbers of expats --> * [[British diaspora]] {{Circa|'''᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ'''}}<ref> {{cite book | last1 = Richards | first1 = Eric | title = Britannia's Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland Since 1600 | date = 14 May 2004 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JknDbX3ae1MC | location = ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ | publisher = A&C Black | publication-date = 2004 | pages = 3–4 | isbn = 9781852854416 | access-date = 2 November 2020 | quote = [...] even the basic outline of the diaspora remains vague. It was never a controlled movement and it was mostly poorly documented. Migrants are always difficult to categorise and to count. [...] The scale of the modern British dispersion has been estimated at about 200 million, [...] or, counting those who can claim descent from British and Irish emigrants, more than three times the current population of the British Isles. }} </ref> }} [[File:Map of the British Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]] | genealogy = | regions = | region1 = ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ | pop1 = {{val|57678000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|British citizens of any race or [[ethnicity]].}} | ref1 = <ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2014/rft-table-2---population-by-cob.xls Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407023303/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2014/rft-table-2---population-by-cob.xls |date=2015-04-07 }}. Retrieved 04_11_2014</ref> <!--| region11 = [[British Overseas Territories]] | pop11 = {{val|247899|fmt=commas}} | ref11 = <ref name="ReferenceA">See the article entitled [[British overseas territories]].</ref>-->| region2 = ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ | pop2 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|72065000|fmt=commas}} (2015)<br />{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}}{{efn-ua|name=i_usa}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNCX6UsdZYkC&pg=PA36 |title=Encyclopedia of North American Immigration: British Immigration |date=2009|isbn=9781438110127 |last1=Powell |first1=John }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/tables/1980/1980-ancestry/tab02.pdf |title=Persons Who Reported At Least One Specific Ancestry Group for the United States: 1980 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name=BritUS>{{cite web|title=Selected social characteristics in the United States: 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP02/0100000US|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213004920/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP02/0100000US|archive-date=13 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> | {{val|678000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} }} | ref2 = <ref name="Brits Abroad: Country-by-country">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6161705.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Country-by-country | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region3 = ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ | pop3 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|11211850|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}}<ref>{{cite web|title= Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity in Canada, 2016|url= https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=0|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=16 September 2021}}</ref> | {{val|603000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} }} | ref3 = <ref name="BritsAbroad" /> | region4 = ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ | pop4 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|10764870|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}}<ref name=BritAus>Numerical estimate based on the total percentage of population identifying their principal ancestry as Scottish, English or Welsh. {{cite web|title= CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AUSTRALIA, 2016|url= http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211925/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|url-status= dead|archive-date= 12 August 2017|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=2 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=BritAus2>Additionally, the Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] [[European Australian|European]] ancestry.{{cite web|title=Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> | {{val|1300000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} }} | ref4 = <ref name="BritsAbroad" /> | region5 = ᱱᱤᱣ ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ | pop5 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|2425278|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}} | {{val|215000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} }} | ref5 = <ref name="BritsAbroad" /> | region6 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] | pop6 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|1603575|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}}<ref name=Census2011>{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |location=Pretoria |year=2012 |isbn=9780621413885 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2015 |url-status=live |page=26}} The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's 2011 Census was 1,603,575. The total white population with a first language specified was 4,461,409 and the total population was 51,770,560.</ref> | {{val|212000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} }} | ref6 = <ref name="BritsAbroad" /> | region7 = [[ᱪᱤᱞᱤ]] | pop7 = {{val|700000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}} | ref7 = <ref name="british" /> | region8 = ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ | pop8 = {{val|400000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} | ref8 = <ref name="Présentation du Royaume-Uni">{{cite web|author=Erwin Dopf |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/royaume-uni/presentation-du-royaume-uni |title=Présentation du Royaume-Uni |publisher=diplomatie.gouv.fr |access-date=8 April 2014}}</ref> | region9 = ᱥᱯᱮᱱ | pop9 = {{val|297229|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} | ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.px|title=TablaPx|website=www.ine.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10781350/End-to-Mediterranean-dream-for-90000-Britons-who-left-Spain-last-year.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10781350/End-to-Mediterranean-dream-for-90000-Britons-who-left-Spain-last-year.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=End to Mediterranean dream for 90,000 Britons who left Spain last year|date=22 April 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk|last1=Govan|first1=Fiona}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | region10 = [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] | pop10 = {{val|291000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} | ref10 = <ref name="BritsAbroad" /> | region11 = ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ | pop11 = {{val|250000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}} | ref11 = <ref name="nytimes">{{citation | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A02E5D61039F930A15755C0A963948260 | title = Fare of the country: A bit of Britain in Argentina | first = Lydia | last = Chavez | date = 23 June 1985 | access-date = 21 May 2009 | work = The New York Times}}</ref> | region12 = [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱛ|ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱢᱤᱨᱟᱛ]] | pop12 = {{val|240000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref12 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/news-comment/the-other-special-relationship-the-uae-and-the-uk |title=The other special relationship: the UAE and the UK |work=The National|location=Abu Dhabi |date=21 November 2010 |access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> | region13 = ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ | pop13 = {{val|115000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref13 = <ref name="autogenerated7">{{citation | url = http://local.live.com/?v=2&cid=8383590E124DC654!157&encType=1 | title = The most popular British emigration destinations | publisher = local.live.com | date = 13 April 2007 | access-date = 24 May 2009}}</ref> | region14 = [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] | pop14 = {{val|79447|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} | ref14 = <ref name="Gishkori">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/929229/over-280000-immigrants-living-in-pakistan-says-nisar/|title=Karachi has witnessed 43% decrease in target killing: Nisar|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=30 July 2015|access-date=3 August 2017|first=Zahid|last=Gishkori|quote=As many as 116,308 Afghan nationals are living as immigrants in the country, higher than any other country," Nisar told the House. Besides Afghans, 52,486 Americans, 79,447 British citizens and 17,320 Canadians are residing in the country, the interior minister added.}}</ref> | region15 = [[ᱡᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] | pop15 = {{val|77373|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|Total for those who idenfied as 'White Jersey' or 'White British', no data available for non-white Jersey or British people.}} | ref15 = <ref>{{citation | url = https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020220413%20SJ.pdf | access-date = 15 January 2023 | title = Jersey 2021 Census Results, Bulletin 1: Population characteristics | publisher = Statistics Jersey | date = 21 March 2021 | archive-date = 13 April 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220413165711/https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020220413%20SJ.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> | region16 = [[ᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱ]] | pop16 = {{val|73811|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|Born in the Isle of Man or the United Kingdom}} | ref16 = <ref>{{citation | url = https://www.gov.im/media/1375604/2021-01-27-census-report-part-i-final-2.pdf | access-date = 15 January 2023 | title = 2021 Isle of Man Census Report Part I | publisher = Statistics Isle of Man | date = January 2022}}</ref> | region17 = [[ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟᱥ]] | pop17 = {{val|59000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref17 = <ref name="autogenerated7"/> | region18 = [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] | pop18 = {{val|51000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref18 = <ref name="autogenerated3">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/asia_pac.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Asia-Pacific | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region19 = [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] | pop19 = {{val|45000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref19 = <ref name="autogenerated3"/> | region20 = ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | pop20 = {{val|45000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref20 = <ref name="autogenerated6">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/europe.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Europe | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region21 = ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ | pop21 = {{val|44000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref21 = <ref name="autogenerated6" /> | region22 = [[ᱤᱡᱽᱨᱟᱭᱮᱞ]] | pop22 = {{val|44000|fmt=commas}} | ref22 = <ref name="autogenerated1">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/mid_east.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Middle East | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region23 = ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ | pop23 = {{val|41000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref23 = <ref name="autogenerated6" /> | region24 = ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ | pop24 = {{val|39989|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref24 = | region25 = ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ | pop25 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|26000|fmt=commas}}<ref name="Brits Abroad: Country-by-country" /> | {{val|39177|fmt=commas}}<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri/regno-unito/ | title=Britannici in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione}}</ref> }} | region26 = ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ | pop26 = {{val|34279|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}} | ref26 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex |date=1 January 2009 |publisher=ssb.no |work=Statistics Norway |url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html |access-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115112242/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-05-en.html |archive-date=15 November 2011 }}</ref> | region27 = [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] | pop27 = {{val|34000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref27 = <ref name="autogenerated6" /> | region28 = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | pop28 = {{val|32000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref28 = <ref name="autogenerated2">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/asia.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Asia | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region29 = [[ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] | pop29 = {{val|29000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref29 = <ref>{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/africa.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Africa | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region30 = ᱵᱮᱞᱡᱤᱭᱟᱢ | pop30 = {{val|28000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref30 = <ref name="autogenerated6"/> | region31 = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱰᱚᱥ]] | pop31 = {{val|27000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref31 = <ref name="Cari">{{citation | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/caribbean.stm | title = Brits Abroad: Caribbean | work = [[BBC News]]| date = 11 December 2006 | access-date = 24 May 2009 }}</ref> | region32 = [[ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] | pop32 = {{val|26000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref32 = | region33 = [[Jamaica]] | pop33 = {{val|25000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref33 = <ref name="Cari" /> | region34 = [[Trinidad and Tobago]] | pop34 = {{val|25000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref34 = <ref name="2013 estimates">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2014/rft-table-2---population-by-cob.xls|title=Estimated overseas-born population resident in the United Kingdom by sex, by country of birth (Table 1.4)|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]]|date=28 August 2014|access-date=27 April 2015|archive-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407023303/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/migration1/migration-statistics-quarterly-report/august-2014/rft-table-2---population-by-cob.xls|url-status=dead}} Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent [[confidence interval]]s.</ref> | region35 = ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ | pop35 = {{val|23000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref35 = <ref name="Brits Abroad: Country-by-country" /> | region36 = [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] | pop36 = {{Unbulleted list |class=nowrap | {{val|19405|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_anc}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}}<ref name=hkcensus>[http://itable.censtatd.gov.hk/UI/Report/Report.aspx?lang=en-US Interactive Data Dissemination Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113142026/http://itable.censtatd.gov.hk/UI/Report/Report.aspx?lang=en-US |date=2017-11-13 }}, [[Hong Kong Census]], 2011</ref> | {{val|3400000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_res}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|author=The Committee Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmfaff/117/11712.htm#note212 |title=House of Commons – Foreign Affairs – Fifth Report |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> | {{val|33733|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_cit}} }} | region37 = ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ | pop37 = {{val|18512|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref37 = <ref name="Stat Bank Denmark">{{cite web|url=https://m.statbank.dk/Data?lang=en/>|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age, citizenship and time|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]}}</ref> | region38 = [[ᱜᱨᱤᱠ]] | pop38 = {{val|18000|fmt=commas}}{{efn-ua|name=i_born}} | ref38 = | region39 = [[ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] | pop39 = {{val|16732|fmt=commas}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-and-nationalities-in-finland.html|title=Ethnic Groups And Nationalities In Finland|date=5 June 2018|publisher=Worldatlas.com}}</ref> | languages = '''[[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]''' {{flatlist}} * [[Angloromani language|Angloromani]] * [[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole]] * [[British Sign Language|British Sign]] * [[Cornish language|Cornish]] * [[Guernésiais]] * [[Irish language|Irish]] * [[Irish Sign Language|Irish Sign]] * [[Jèrriais]] * [[Llanito]] * [[Manx language|Manx]] * [[Pitkern language|Pitkern]] * [[Sercquiais]] * [[Shelta]] * [[Turks and Caicos Creole]] * [[Virgin Islands Creole]] * [[Welsh language|Welsh]] * {{nowrap|[[Scots language|Scots]] (including [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster-Scots]])}} * {{nowrap|[[Scottish Gaelic]]}} {{endflatlist}} | religions = {{plainlist| * Mainly [[Christianity]] ([[Anglicanism]], [[Presbyterianism]], [[Catholic Church in the United Kingdom|Catholicism]], [[Methodism]]) * See also: [[Religion in the United Kingdom]] }} | footnotes = {{notelist-ua|refs= {{efn-ua|name=i_anc|People who identify of full or partial British ancestry born into that country.}} {{efn-ua|name=i_born|UK-born people who identify of British ancestry only.}} {{efn-ua|name=i_usa|In 2000, over 67 million Americans identified as being of British origin. In 1980, over 61 million identified as being of British origin.}} {{efn-ua|name=i_res|British citizens by way of residency in the [[British overseas territories]]; however, not all have ancestry from the United Kingdom.}} {{efn-ua|name=i_cit|British citizens or nationals.}} }} | native_name = | native_name_lang = | related_groups = }} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱᱠᱚ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱥ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱳ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Brit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106224650/https://www.lexico.com/definition/brit |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-01-06 |title=Brit |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱥᱤᱡᱽ ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱨᱮᱱᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱳ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Cfr. [[Interpretation Act 1978]], Sched. 1. By the [[British Nationality Act 1981]], s. 50 (1), the [[United Kingdom]] includes the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Isle of Man]] for the purposes of nationality law.</ref><ref name="Dic62">{{Harvnb|Macdonald|1969|p=62}}:{{quote box|'''British''', ''brit'ish, adj.'' of Britain or the Commonwealth. <br /> '''Briton''', ''brit'ὁn, n.'' one of the early inhabitants of Britain: a native of Great Britain.}}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = British | author = The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|edition=Fourth | url = http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/british | publisher = dictionary.reference.com | year = 2004 | access-date = 19 February 2009| author-link = The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}}: "'''Brit·ish''' ''(brĭt'ĭsh) adj''. * Of or relating to Great Britain or its people, language, or culture. * Of or relating to the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth of Nations. * Of or relating to the ancient Britons. ''n. (used with a pl. verb)'' * The people of Great Britain."</ref> ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ "ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ" ᱥᱮ "ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ" ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ<ref name="Dic62" /> ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱳᱭᱮᱹᱞᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱨᱮᱴᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱝᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱾ <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schiffels |first=Stephan |date=17 October 2022 |title=The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool |journal=Nature |volume=610 |issue=7930 |pages=112–119 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2 |pmid=36131019 |pmc=9534755 |bibcode=2022Natur.610..112G }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱡᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="windrushreport2020" /> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ===ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱠᱚ=== ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱝᱞᱳᱼᱥᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="SnowCelt" /><ref name="Parliament 1">{{cite web | title = Cornish Stannary Parliament Archives – Documents – UNITED NATIONS RECOGNISES CORNISH IDENTITY | url = http://cornishstannaryparliament.co.uk//resources//index.php?topic=General | access-date = 15 May 2009 | work = Cornish Stannary Parliament website | publisher = Cornish Stannary Parliament | date = 6 July 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090226202602/http://cornishstannaryparliament.co.uk/resources/index.php?topic=General | archive-date = 26 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Mebyon Kernow 1">{{cite web | title = Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall – BETA | url = http://www.mebyonkernow.org/?q=policies_historic_celtic_nation | access-date = 15 May 2009 | work = Mebyon Kernow website | publisher = Mebyon Kernow | year = 2007 | archive-date = 28 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200928063542/https://www.mebyonkernow.org/?q=policies_historic_celtic_nation | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="RTÉ 1">{{cite web |title=About RTÉ- RTÉ Awards|url=http://www.rte.ie/about/awards/celtic09%20nominees.html|access-date=15 May 2009|publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|date=13 January 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220215252/http://www.rte.ie/about/awards/celtic09%20nominees.html|archive-date=20 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Welsh Government 1">{{cite web | title = Welsh Assembly Government – Celtic countries connect with contemporary Cymru | url = http://wales.gov.uk/news/topic/officefirstminister/2008/2372569/;jsessionid=2HxQKNPNwtyLzpl2VLlsysLyGVVhyMybcd94RlxXDyZHG6VpJbjP!1298896870?lang=en | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121223235236/http://wales.gov.uk/news/topic/officefirstminister/2008/2372569/;jsessionid=2HxQKNPNwtyLzpl2VLlsysLyGVVhyMybcd94RlxXDyZHG6VpJbjP!1298896870?lang=en | url-status = dead | archive-date = 23 December 2012 | access-date = 15 May 2009 | work = Welsh Assembly Government website | publisher = Welsh Assembly Government | date = 13 May 2008 }}</ref><ref name="United">{{citation | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/06/science/06brits.html | title = A United Kingdom? Maybe | work = The New York Times | last = Wade | first = Nicholas | date = 6 March 2007 | access-date = 16 May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Oppenheimer">{{citation | url = http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2006/10/mythsofbritishancestry/ | publisher = prospect-magazine.co.uk | title = Myths of British Ancestry | first = Stephen | last = Oppenheimer | access-date = 16 May 2009 | date = October 2006 | archive-date = 15 October 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111015212548/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2006/10/mythsofbritishancestry/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱑ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱣᱮᱞᱥ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱝᱞᱳᱼᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱜᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Smyth24-25">{{Harvnb|Smyth|1998|pp=24–25}}</ref> ᱙᱓᱗ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱟᱱᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱳᱭᱮᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱮᱛᱦᱮᱞᱥᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml | title = Athelstan (c.895 – 939) | publisher = BBC | access-date = 18 May 2009}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ (ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ''ᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞᱮᱥᱤᱱᱚ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱝᱞᱳᱼᱥᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱯᱴᱟᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱭᱮᱥᱮᱠᱥ ᱾ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱼᱵᱩᱫᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱞ ᱳᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱟᱱᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ " ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱼ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱮᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱡᱳᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱴ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite episode | title = The Last of the Free |series= A History of Scotland |series-link= A History of Scotland |credits= [[Neil Oliver]] (presenter) |network= [[BBC One]] |airdate= 9 November 2008 |number=1}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱪᱟᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱑᱓ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱰᱳᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱳᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SchamaNations">{{cite episode | title = Nations|series= A History of Britain |series-link= A History of Britain (TV series) |credits= [[Simon Schama]] (presenter) |network= [[BBC One]] |airdate= 21 October 2000 |number=4 |minutes=3}}</ref> ᱥᱪᱟᱢᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱜᱚᱭᱞᱤᱠ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱩᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱤᱴᱤᱥᱼᱱᱳᱨᱥᱟᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱞᱳᱼᱱᱳᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ ᱢᱤᱫᱢᱚᱡ ᱫᱚ, ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Harvnb|Smyth|1998|p=xii}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode | title = Hammers of the Scots |series= A History of Scotland |series-link= A History of Scotland |credits= [[Neil Oliver]] (presenter) |network= [[BBC One]] |airdate= 16 November 2008 |number=2}}</ref> [[File:Arth tapestry2.jpg|thumb|right|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱯᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭ ' ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ' ᱼᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱡᱚᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱾]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *{{commons category-inline|ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ}} *{{wikiquote-inline}} {{ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ| ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] j0qnp7ve438i8rqrd7uno0lj4urtpv6 0 27705 191590 152488 2026-05-08T19:33:53Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191590 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Paul Sidwell</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Paul_Sidwell_portrait_2021.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Paul James Sidwell</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |Australian |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Other&nbsp;names | class="infobox-data nickname" |Paul J. Sidwell |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma&nbsp;mater | class="infobox-data" |[[University of Melbourne]] <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ph.D.)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Known&nbsp;for | class="infobox-data" |[[Proto-Austroasiatic language|Proto-Austroasiatic]] reconstruction |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Scientific career''' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Fields | class="infobox-data category" |Historical linguistics, [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|Austroasiatic languages]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Institutions | class="infobox-data" |Australian National University |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Thesis | class="infobox-data" |'' A reconstruction of Proto-Bahnaric ''&nbsp;<span style="font-size:97%;">(1998)</span> |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="official-website"><span class="url">[https://sites.google.com/view/paulsidwell Official website]</span></span> |} ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱞ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ,]] [[ᱠᱮᱱᱵᱮᱨᱟ|ᱠᱮᱱᱵᱟᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱨᱥᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ, ᱵᱟᱦᱱᱟᱨᱤᱠ, ᱠᱟᱴᱩᱭᱤᱠ, ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱣᱩᱜᱤᱠ, ᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱵᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2018 |title=Dr Paul Sidwell |url=https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/sidwell-pj |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20180425025227/https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/sidwell-pj |archive-date=25 April 2018 |access-date=1 July 2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱥ) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱱᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ (ᱟᱭ ᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱮ ᱮᱞ) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱯᱤᱡᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱞᱮᱱᱠ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱱᱛᱷᱨᱚᱯᱳᱞᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱚᱞᱤᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴᱰᱳᱠᱳᱴᱚᱨᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱞᱮᱱᱠ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱯᱱᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱼᱠᱷᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱪᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱤᱥᱠᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱨᱯᱟ/ᱞᱳᱨᱮᱞᱮᱭ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱᱮᱞ ᱞᱩᱭᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗/᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ==ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱛᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮ, ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱭᱩᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ== === ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ === *{{cite book|editor-last=Sidwell|editor-first=Paul|editor-last2=Jenny|editor-first2=Mathias|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|isbn=978-3-11-055814-2|doi=10.1515/9783110558142|s2cid=242359233|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/205815/1/10.1515_9783110558142-fm.pdf|access-date=2024-07-01|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/205815/1/10.1515_9783110558142-fm.pdf|url-status=dead}} *Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell (eds). ''The handbook of Austroasiatic languages''. Leiden, Boston: Brill. *Sidwell, Paul. 2015. ''The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon''. Munich: Lincom Europa. *Sidwell, Paul and Philip Jenner. 2010. ''Old Khmer Grammar''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. *Sidwell, Paul. 2009. ''Classifying the Austroasiatic Languages: history and state of the art''. Munich: Lincom Europa. *Sidwell, Paul. 2005. ''The Katuic Languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon''. Munich: Lincom Europa. *Sidwell, Paul and Pascale Jacq. 2003. ''A Handbook of Comparative Bahnaric: volume 1 — West Bahnaric''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 551. *Sidwell, Paul. 2000. ''Proto South Bahnaric: a reconstruction of a Mon-Khmer language of Indo-China''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 501. *Sidwell, Paul and Pascale Jacq. 2000. ''A Comparative West Bahnaric Dictionary''. Munich: Lincom Europa. *Sidwell, Paul and Pascale Jacq. 1999. ''Sapuan (Sepuar)''. Munich: Lincom Europa. *Sidwell, Paul and Pascale Jacq. 1999. ''Loven (Jruq) Consolidated Lexicon''. Munich: Lincom Europa. === ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ === *Sidwell, Paul. 1998. ''A reconstruction of Proto-Bahnaric''. Ph.D. dissertation. [[University of Melbourne]]. == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == *[https://sites.google.com/view/paulsidwell Paul Sidwell home page] 1usu19wv91guw6reyt5yzor7mqjsi7e 0 29219 191568 191451 2026-05-08T13:09:14Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ | image = Sanu Sharma.jpg | imagesize = | alt = ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ | caption = ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ | birth_date = | birth_place = [[ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | occupation = ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱱᱟᱨᱥ | notable_works = {{bulleted list|''ᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱫᱮᱥᱢᱟ''|''ᱩᱛᱥᱟᱨᱜᱟ''|''ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱮᱥᱢᱟ''|''ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱟᱵᱷᱤ''|''ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟ''}} | nationality = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]ᱤ, [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]]ᱹᱱ | education = | alma_mater = | movement = | spouse = | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | native_name = सानु शर्मा | native_name_lang = ne }} '''ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ''' (Nepali: सानु शर्मा) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ, ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="onlinek">{{cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/04/671112|title=०७४ सालका चर्चित १० महिला साहित्यकार|trans-title=Popular Women Writers of the Year 2074 BS|first=|last=|date=9 April 2018|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref><ref name="nagarik1">{{cite web|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/others/467221-1614396955.html| script-title=ne:मानसिक विम्बमा प्रेम|language=ne|trans-title= Love in Mental Image |first=रञ्जना|last=निरौला|date=27 February 2021|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref><ref name="kantipur1">{{cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2017/11/25/20171125091934.html|script-title=ne:नारी–पुरुष सम्बन्धबारे साहसिक दृष्टि|language=ne|trans-title=Courageous View Towards Male-Female Relationship|first=Geeta|last=Tripathee|author-link=Geeta Tripathee|date=25 November 2017|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2022-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113040901/https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2017/11/25/20171125091934.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="poetry1">{{cite journal|url= https://grey-sparrow-press.com/43-two-poems-the-descendants-the-same-heart-nowadays-sanu-sharma-translator-suman-pokhrel |title= The Descendants |journal=Grey Sparrow Journal|issue=43|editor=Daine Smith|language=en|location=Minnesota |trans-title=|first=Sanu|last=Sharma|translator-last1=Pokhrel|translator-first1=Suman|translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel|date=2024-01-31|access-date=2024-04-28}}</ref><ref name="spillwords1">{{cite magazine |author= |title=Sanu Sharma |url=https://spillwords.com/author/sanusharma |magazine=Spillwords |location=New York |publisher=Spill Words Press |date= |access-date=2023-12-19 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="portu">{{cite web|url= https://allpoetry.com/poem/18070329-Posso-Te-Conhecer-Algum-Dia-Assim-by-Sanu-Sharma |title=Posso Te Conhecer Algum Dia Assim|language=pt|trans-title=May I Meet You Someday Like This |first=Sanu|last= Sharma|translator-first1= Luiz |translator-last1= Alberto Machado |date=|access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref><ref name="poetry2">{{cite web |access-date=28 April 2024 |date=30 November 2023 |editor=Dagmara K |first=Sanu |language=en |last=Sharma |location=New York |magazine=Spillwords |publisher=Spill Words Press |title=May I Meet You Someday Like This |translator-first1=Suman |translator-last1=Pokhrel |translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel |url=https://spillwords.com/may-i-meet-you-someday-like-this |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226220020/https://spillwords.com/may-i-meet-you-someday-like-this/ |url-status=dead }}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱪᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ, ᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ - ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ - ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱵᱤᱰᱟᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱴᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="onlinek" /><ref name="tamsaling">{{cite web|url=https://www.tamsalingkhabar.com/?p=7692|title=मदन पुरस्कारको लागि सात वटा पुस्तक सिफारिस|trans-title=Seven Books are Shortlisted for Madan Puraskar|first=|last=|date=12 July 2019|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2023-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031113309/https://www.tamsalingkhabar.com/?p=7692|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="padmkantipur">{{cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/literature/2024/07/30/the-list-of-the-best-five-books-for-the-padma-shri-literary-award-has-been-announced-30-33.html|title=पद्‍मश्री साहित्य पुरस्कारका लागि उत्कृष्ट पाँच पुस्तकको सूची सार्वजनिक|trans-title=Five Books are Shortlisted for Padmashree Sahitya Award|first= |last=|date=2024-07-30|access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref><ref name="sahityap1">{{cite web|url=https://english.sahityapost.com/kavidanda-national-fiction-award-2080-announced-for-gautams-adwait/|title=Kavidanda National Fiction Award 2080 Announced | first= |last=|date=30 July 2024|access-date=2024-11-02}}</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱩᱴᱤ ᱜᱷᱨᱤᱦᱟ, ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱤᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="baahrakhari">{{cite web|url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/53165|title=लेख्ने हुटहुटी|trans-title=Impatience to Write|first=Sanu|last=Sharma|date=14 April 2018|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱨᱫᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱳ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="break">{{cite web|url=https://breaknlinks.com/nepali/news/35117737|script-title=ne:जियाको कथा बोल्ने 'अर्थ' |first=Rumu|last=Neupane|date=24 February 2021|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱥᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱤᱠᱟᱫᱮᱥᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="kantipur1"/><ref name="tamsaling"/><ref name="narad">{{cite web|url=https://nepaldristi.com/read/post/1848|script-title=ne:उही पुरानै प्रवृतिको वास्तविक चित्रण – 'एकादेशमा'|first=Narad|last=Nishthuri|date=|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2022-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113150156/https://nepaldristi.com/read/post/1848|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="biplavi3">{{cite news |url=https://annapurnapost.com/story/84348|script-title=ne:पुस्तक समीक्षा- विप्लवी – नारी नियतिको परिदृश्य |newspaper=[[Annapurna Post]] |date=19 November 2017|access-date=2023-11-16}}</ref><ref name="enepalese">{{cite web|url= https://www.enepalese.com/2020/05/271716.html|title=दिमाग हल्लाइदिने एउटी कथाकार|trans-title=A Mind Blowing Storyteller|first=|last=|date=14 June 2020|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref> ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱮᱥᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱩᱛᱥᱟᱨᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱯᱩᱥᱛᱚᱠ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ, ᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱛ ᱫᱤᱱ, ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱫᱮᱥᱢᱟ, ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Utsarga23">{{cite web|url= https://annapurnapost.com/story/175341|title=उत्सर्ग – स्वअस्तित्वको संघर्ष|trans-title=Utsarga: Struggle for Self-existence |publisher =[[Annapurna Post]]|first=Raman|last=Ghimire|date=2021-02-20|access-date=2023-11-16}}</ref><ref name="sahityap">{{cite web|url= https://sahityapost.com/gair-aakhyan/gair-aakhyan-samicha/29253|title= अभिभावकले पढ्नै पर्ने पुस्तक 'उत्सर्ग'|trans-title='Utsarga', A Book Every Parent Should Read|first=Geeta|last=Regmi|date=24 February 2021|access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref><ref name="utsarga04">{{cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2021/03/20/16162088920269896.html|title=एक्ला बालबालिकाका बेचैनी|trans-title=Unease of Forsaken Children|publisher=[[Kantipur (daily)]]|first=Gyanu|last=Adhikari|date=20 March 2021|access-date=2023-11-16|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114040759/https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2021/03/20/16162088920269896.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="raman">{{cite web|url=https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2022/09/24/166398411093383853.html|title=पृथक् गन्तव्य|trans-title=A Distinct Destination|first=Raman|last=Ghimire|publisher=[[Kantipur (daily)]]|date=24 September 2022|access-date=2022-11-13|archive-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104033420/https://ekantipur.com/koseli/2022/09/24/166398411093383853.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="pharak5">{{cite web|url=https://baahrakhari.com/detail/360528|title=नारी चरित्रहरूको उत्खनन|trans-title=Exploration of Women Characters|publisher=Baahrakhari|first=Sudha|last=Sharma|date=20 August 2022|access-date=2023-11-16|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114040801/https://baahrakhari.com/detail/360528|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Goodreads8">{{cite book |last=Sharma|first=Sanu |date=September 2023|title=ती सात दिन |trans-title= Tee Saat Din|url= https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/198973068-te-saat-din|language=Nepali|location=Kathmandu |publisher=[[Ratna Pustak Bhandar]]|isbn=978-9937-790-20-8}}</ref><ref name="Arko1">{{cite book |last=Sharma|first=Sanu|date=April 2024|title=अर्को देशमा |trans-title=Arko Deshma|url=https://thuprai.com/book/arko-deshma|language=Nepali|location=Kathmandu |publisher=FinePrint|isbn=978-9937-790-20-8}}</ref> ᱥᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟ. ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ. ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱞ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟ. ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱟᱭᱯᱷᱤᱭᱚᱛ ᱒' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="sanusong">{{cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/sanu-sharma-223383573/s0012|title=ए समय मलाई पनि|trans-title=O Time, to Me Too|first=Sanu|last=Sharma|date=|access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref><ref name="sanupoem">{{cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/poem/17433021-On-This-Side-of-Life-by-Sanu-Sharma |title=On This Side of Life|trans-title=|first=Sanu|last=Sharma|translator-last1=Pokhrel|translator-first1=Suman|translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel|date=|access-date=2023-10-25}}</ref><ref name="poetry2"/> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ== ===ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ=== *ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱵᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ *ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱳ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ *ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ *ᱵᱤᱯᱞᱚᱵᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ *ᱩᱥᱟᱨᱜᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ *ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ *ᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱛ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ==ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ== *ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱥᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ *ᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱫᱮᱥᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ==ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ== *ᱠᱟᱭᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱛ ᱒ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [https://www.breaknlinks.com/nepali/news/35142627 आँखा रसाउने उत्सर्ग], breaknlinks.com 3bc94rge99ngrpzqvk4npsureiz2fk0 0 29441 191601 184091 2026-05-08T21:15:36Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1971|09|01}} | birth_place = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] | fields = {{ublist | [[ᱢᱮᱠᱮᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨ]] }} | workplaces = {{ublist | [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] | [[ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱮᱰᱢᱤ]] | [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞᱟᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱴᱚᱨᱤ]] | [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱨᱚᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱴᱚᱨᱤᱡᱽ]]}} | alma_mater = {{ublist | [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ]] | [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] | [[ᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱴᱤ (ᱵᱤ ᱮᱪ ᱭᱩ) ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ]] }} | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ | awards = {{ublist|2012&nbsp;ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱥᱤᱯ |2012&nbsp; CSIR@70 Recognition |2012&nbsp; National Design Award |2015&nbsp; VASVIK Award (Mechanical & Structural Sciences & Technology) |2019&nbsp; Fellow of Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) |2022&nbsp; [[National Academy of Sciences, India|NASI]]}} }} '''ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ''' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director |url=https://www.cmeri.res.in/user-designation-scientists/director |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Profile Details {{!}} CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute |url=https://www.cmeri.res.in/user-details/1171 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=www.cmeri.res.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱱᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱱ (ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=https://acsir.res.in/senate/ |title=Senate AcSIR-Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research |publisher=acsir.res.in |access-date=19 January 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱞᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute |url=https://www.cgcri.res.in/about-us/governance/director/ |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=www.cgcri.res.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞᱚᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ) ᱾<ref>Additional Director CSIR-NML Jamshedpur https://www.nmlindia.org/director-csir-nml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811101339/https://www.nmlindia.org/director-csir-nml |date=2025-08-11 }}.</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱨᱚᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤᱡᱽ, ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱽᱞᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Naresh Chandra Murmu joins as the Director, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1898819 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱨᱞᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ–ᱱᱩᱨᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ, ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱨᱛᱷᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naresh Chandra Murmu, PhD |url=https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=XD6ToikAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=scholar.google.co.in}}</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naresh-Murmu. Researchgate Naresh Chandra Murmu</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/40032/editors |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Springer |language=en |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103161207/https://www.springer.com/journal/40032/editors |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sivan |first1=K. |last2=Murmu |first2=Naresh Ch. |date=2017-12-01 |title=Special Theme: India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator: The Future of Space Transportation System |journal=Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=645–647 |doi=10.1007/s40032-017-0426-2|bibcode=2017JIEIC..98..645S |doi-access=free }} </ref> ==ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ== ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱢᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱩᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨᱤᱝ, ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱡᱤᱴ, ᱤᱝᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱵᱽᱨᱤᱠᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱩᱞᱴᱨᱟᱠᱮᱯᱟᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=CSIR-CMERI R&D to focus on futuristic technologies and climate change: Director Naresh Chandra Murmu |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/csir-cmeri-rd-to-focus-on-futuristic-technologies-and-climate-change-director-naresh-chandra-murmu/98269364 |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ (ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱚᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ) ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱾<ref name="Dictionary & Grammar">{{Cite web |title=Dictionary & Grammar |url=https://wesanthals.tripod.com/id54.html |access-date=19 January 2025 |website=wesanthals.tripod.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Dictionary & Grammar"/> <ref> {{cite web |url=https://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Santali |title=Santali |publisher=wiki.apertium.org |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> <ref> {{cite web |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Santali/Santali_infores.html |title=Santali Annoted Bibliography LIS-India |publisher=lisindia.ciil.org|access-date=2024-07-09}} </ref> ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ== * ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ (INAE) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (NASI) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱚᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾). <ref>{{cite web |url= https://nasi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Year-Book-2024.pdf |title= Year Book 2024 The National Academy of Science India |publisher= The National Academy of Science India |access-date= 19 January 2025 |archive-date= 19 January 2025 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250119141312/https://nasi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Year-Book-2024.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inae.in/storage/2022/05/INAE_Year_Book_2022_Med.pdf|title= THE YEAR BOOK 2022 Indian NationalAcademy of Engineering|publisher=inae.in |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref> <ref> {{cite web |url= https://www.csir.res.in/sites/default/files/2024-07/csir-annual-report-2022-23-eng.pdf|title=Annual Report |publisher=csir.res.in|access-date= 19 January 2025}} </ref> * ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱵᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ-᱒᱐᱑᱕, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ (᱒᱐᱑᱒), ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ.-ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱚᱨᱪ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ (᱒᱐᱑᱑), ᱰᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮ.ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱤᱥ)-᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ@᱗᱐ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱥ.ᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱯᱮᱯᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ, ᱒᱐᱑᱔ (ᱮᱞᱥᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨ) ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref> {{cite web|url=https://cmeri.res.in/file/6924/download?token=UbxJGAAf |title= Curriculum Vitae|publisher=cmeri.res.in |access-date= 19 January 2025}} </ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱛ]] ll2h6ggcizw1j3w7noftzj3xbi320v6 0 33096 191631 181324 2026-05-09T09:48:03Z CommonsDelinker 91 Removing [[:c:File:HMC_Hazaribag_logo.png|HMC_Hazaribag_logo.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ziv|Ziv]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]): Non-free logo above [[:c:Commons:Threshold of o 191631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = ᱥᱮᱠᱷ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image_name = | image_upright = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | other_name = <!--or, other_names--> | former_name = ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ | motto = आरोग्यं परमं भाग्यं | motto_lang = sa | mottoeng = | top_free_label = | top_free = | type = ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ | established = ᱒᱐᱑᱙ | closed = <!-- {{end date|YYYY}} --> | founder = | parent = | affiliation = [[ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | religious_affiliation = | academic_affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chairperson = | chancellor = | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | vice_chancellor = | provost = | rector = | principal = ᱰᱨ. ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ | director = | dean = | head_label = ᱴᱤᱪᱟᱨ-ᱤᱱ-ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = ᱠᱳᱞᱜᱷᱟᱴᱴᱤ | city = [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]] | state = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | province = | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | postcode = ᱘᱒᱕᱓᱐᱑ | coordinates = {{coord|24.0161466|N|85.3613559|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}} | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India | campus = ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = <!--or, colours= --> | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = <!--or, sports_nickname= --> | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = <!--or, mascots= --> | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website = {{URL|http://hazaribagmedicalcollege.org/}} | logo = | logo_size = 150px | logo_alt = | footnotes = }} '''ᱥᱮᱠᱷ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ''' (ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ '''ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ''') ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱡᱚᱨᱤ (ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ.) ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=350| height=250| zoom=12 | coord={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|21|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ'''<br/> ᱥᱤᱴᱤ: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱴᱤ: ᱴᱚᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱥᱤ: ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱮᱯᱷ: ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|24|1|46|N|85|19|17|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Chharwa | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Chharwa]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|23|59|48|N|85|18|53|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Salgaon| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Salgaon]] (R) |mark-coord3={{coord|24|0|5|N|85|19|34|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Kadma| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Kadma, Hazaribagh]] (CT) |shape-color3= #A40000 |mark-coord4={{coord|24|1|10|N|85|21|25|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Marai Kalan| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Marai Kalan]] (CT) |shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|23|58|53|N|85|19|26|E}}| label-pos5=bottom|label5=Masratu| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Masratu]] (CT) |shape-color5= #A40000 |mark-coord6={{coord|24|1|27|N|85|20|11|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Pelawal| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Pelawal]] (CT) |shape-color6= #A40000 |mark-coord7={{coord|24|1|19|N|85|22|14|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Vinoba Bhave University| numbered7=C| mark-title7= [[Vinoba Bhave University]] (C)|shape-color7=#C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|24|0|58|N|85|21|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= SB Medical College| numbered8=C| mark-title8= Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College (C)|shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord9={{coord|23|58|59|N|85|20|24|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Hazaribagh Town |labela9 =railway station| numbered9=F| mark-title9= [[Hazaribagh Town railway station]] (F)|shape-color9=#C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|23|59|51|N|85|21|22|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Sadar Hospital| numbered10=F| mark-title10= Sadar Hospital (F)|shape-color10=#C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|24|0|52|N|85|23|38|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Canary Hill| numbered11=T|shape-color11= #74C365| mark-title11= Canary Hill (T) |mark-coord12={{coord|23|59|41|N|85|21|19|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Sadar Police Station| numbered12=F| mark-title12= Sadar Police Station (F)|shape-color12=#C42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|23|59|54|N|85|21|51|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Hazaribagh Court| numbered13=F| mark-title13= Hazaribagh Court (F)|shape-color13=#C42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|24|0|0|N|85|21|0|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Okni| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Okni]] (CT) |shape-color14= #A40000 |mark-coord15={{coord|24|0|31|N|85|21|48|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Hazaribagh Jhil| numbered15=T|shape-color15= #74C365| mark-title15= Hazaribagh Jhil (T) |mark-coord16={{coord|23|59|55|N|85|22|11|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Police Training Centre| numbered16=F| mark-title16= Police Training Centre (F)|shape-color16=#C42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|23|59|17|N|85|21|53|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Curzon Ground| numbered17=F| mark-title17= Curzon Ground (F)|shape-color17=#C42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|23|59|10|N|85|21|32|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Mission Hospital| numbered18=F| mark-title18= Mission Hospital (F)|shape-color18=#C42222}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱥᱮᱠᱷ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{coord|24.0161466|N|85.3613559|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ== ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ (Medicine Council of India) ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/jharkhand-government-to-appoint-110-senior-residents-in-5-medical-colleges-in-4-days/story-29YEQJo18eLYv4Scg41TLP.html|title=Jharkhand Government to appoint 110 senior residents in 5 medical colleges in 4 days|date=22 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> ==ᱠᱳᱨᱥ== ᱥᱮᱠᱷ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{fact|date=February 2023}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://hazaribagmedicalcollege.org/ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ] {{ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱱᱳᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]] fu044fo0w18k1ahypswc1u19wxx960l 0 34710 191583 187914 2026-05-08T17:55:18Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ}} '''ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱨ''' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ'''<ref name = "Kur1">[[http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T%20&%20T/T%20&%20T-02-0-000-000-2004-Web/T%20&%20T-02-0-001-076-2004-Abst-PDF/T%20&%20T-02-1-019-021-2004-Ramachandran-012/T%20&%20T-02-1-019-021-2004-Ramachandran.pdf](http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/T%20&%20T/T%20&%20T-02-0-000-000-2004-Web/T%20&%20T-02-0-001-076-2004-Abst-PDF/T%20&%20T-02-1-019-021-2004-Ramachandran-012/T%20&%20T-02-1-019-021-2004-Ramachandran.pdf){{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Fertility Concept in a Ritual an Anthropological Explanation of "Pandal Pattu".] Stud. Tribes Tribals, 2(1): 19-21 (2003), Bindu Ramachandran</ref> ᱥᱮ '''ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur1"/><ref name = "Kur2">Rao Bahadur C. Gopalan Nair. ''Wynad : Its Peoples and Traditions.''</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Ecology, Economy, Matriliny, and Fertility of Kurichiyas|last=A. Aiappan|first=K. Mahadevan|publisher=B. R. Publishing Corporation|year=1990|location=Delhi}}</ref> ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name = "Kur4">{{cite web |url=[http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_st/index.htm#rtyu](http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_st/index.htm#rtyu). |title=The Official Web site of Government of Kerala |website=www.kerala.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20021208164124/http://kerala.gov.in/dept_st/index.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20021208164124/http://kerala.gov.in/dept_st/index.htm) |archive-date=2002-12-08}} </ref> == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ == ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱼᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱠᱩᱨᱤ'' (ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱮᱴ) ᱟᱨ ''ᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' (ᱦᱚᱲ)᱾<ref name="Kur2"/> == ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ == ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱤᱴᱴᱚᱢ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱰᱩ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱢᱤᱴᱴᱚᱢ'' ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ''ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱ'' ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱱᱼᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱯᱤᱴᱴᱟᱱ'' ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur1"/> ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱫᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱨᱠᱤ'' ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur1"/> ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱕-᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ, ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾{{cn|date=September 2022}} ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱭᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur2" /> ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱜᱼᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱫᱟᱛᱨᱚᱢ]]᱾ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur2" /> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱣᱟᱹ, ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱪᱷᱩᱛᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱸᱫᱮᱦ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur2" /> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤᱪᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱨᱟᱱ]]'', ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱠᱟᱞᱤ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢᱢᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱱᱤᱡᱷᱟᱞ'' (ᱩᱢᱩᱞ) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱸ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟᱨᱤ'' (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱨᱤ) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱭᱳ-ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱢᱯᱤᱞᱤ'' (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ) ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=":0" /> ᱤᱨᱪᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ''ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱠᱚᱞᱞ''᱾ ''ᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ {{lang|hi|ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ}} ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱬᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ''ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱴᱤᱭᱟᱢ-ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱴᱟᱞ'' (ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱜᱮᱫ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ''ᱢᱩᱯᱯᱮᱱ''-ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱣᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱣᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ''ᱠᱚᱞᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱛᱟᱵᱮᱱ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ''ᱢᱩᱯᱯᱮᱱ'', ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱬ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur2"/> == ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ == ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref name="Kur1"/> ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛᱷᱤ'', ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱐᱐᱑ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱪᱮᱱᱛᱷᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱯᱟᱠᱥᱤ'' (ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾<ref name="Kur1"/> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱘ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ (᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ) ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ [[ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ]] ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱦᱮ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Kur2"/> ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱰᱩᱞᱰ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱥᱩᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱥᱩᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱥᱩᱨᱟ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.banasura.com/banasuraFolklore.html](http://www.banasura.com/banasuraFolklore.html) |title=Kurichiya tribe presence in Banasura Hill |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120713032252/http://www.banasura.com/banasuraFolklore.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20120713032252/http://www.banasura.com/banasuraFolklore.html) |archive-date=2012-07-13 }}</ref> == ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ == ᱠᱩᱨᱤᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ᱾<ref name="(India)Menon1972">{{cite book|author1=Kerala (India)|author2=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Kerala District Gazetteers: Malappuram|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sl4bAAAAIAAJ](https://books.google.com/books?id=Sl4bAAAAIAAJ)|access-date=26 May 2011|year=1972|publisher=printed by the Superintendent of Govt. Presses|page=199}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ "ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ" ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱩᱛᱷᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱴᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱪᱷᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Das2003">{{cite book|author=Nava Kishor Das|title=Culture, religion, and philosophy: critical studies in syncretism and inter-faith harmony|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=R5fXAAAAMAAJ](https://books.google.com/books?id=R5fXAAAAMAAJ)|access-date=26 May 2011|date=January 2003|publisher=Rawat Publications|isbn=978-81-7033-820-8|page=116}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] hwcgw1sh9m7annjjvmx260a31dwi93y 0 35780 191600 191345 2026-05-08T20:16:52Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱰᱨ. ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ | alt = | caption = | order = | office1 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]] | term_start1 = ᱔ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | term_end1 = ᱓ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | predecessor1 = | successor1 = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱩ]] | constituency1 = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ | office2 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣᱤᱡ (ᱥᱯᱤᱠᱟᱨ)]] | term_start2 = ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | predecessor2 = | office3 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | term_start3 = ᱑᱙᱙᱕ | term_end3 = ᱒᱐᱐᱐ | predecessor3 = | office4 = ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ, [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] | term_start4 = ᱒᱐᱐᱐ | term_end4 = ᱒᱐᱐᱕ | predecessor4 = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|07|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | party = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] | spouse = ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ }} '''ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱢᱩᱪᱩ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱕᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱱ.ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=india-gov-in>{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile: Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2229|accessdate=14 October 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032258/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2229|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳ-ᱚᱯᱨᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤ. ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪᱰᱤ. ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱞᱵᱷᱩᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=myneta>{{cite web|title=Pradeep Kumar Balmuchu|url=http://myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=37|website=myNeta.info|accessdate=14 October 2015}}</ref> == ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ == * ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ (ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ – ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱔) * ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱚᱢ (ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ - ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱔) * ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ (ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ – ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ) * ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ, ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱞ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] qp3y7be464dmbfcmdh0y7drgtj3uchw 0 35831 191569 191529 2026-05-08T13:24:30Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 191569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ | native_name = | image_name = Srhu Logo.png | motto = | established = ᱒᱐᱑᱒ | type = [[ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ|ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ]] | coordinates = {{coord|30.1973452|N|78.168111|E|type:edu|format=dms|display=inline}} | president = ᱰᱨ. ᱵᱤᱡᱚᱭ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱟ | vice_chancellor = ᱰᱨ. ᱨᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱰᱳᱵᱷᱟᱞ | city = [[ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟᱫᱩᱱ]] | state = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | campus = ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ | affiliations = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ]], [[ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ]] | website = {{url|https://srhu.edu.in}} }} '''ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟᱫᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱴ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱳᱜᱤ ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱥᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱑᱒' ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.governoruk.gov.in/files/himalayan_university1.pdf| title = The Himalayan University Act, 2012| publisher =Governor of Uttarakhand | accessdate = 21 May 2015}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.srhu.edu.in/about-us/srhu/about-srhu.html| title = About SRHU| publisher = Swami Rama Himalayan University| accessdate = 22 May 2015| archive-date = 8 May 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150508062351/http://www.srhu.edu.in/about-us/srhu/about-srhu.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> == ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ, ᱯᱳᱥᱴ-ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="course1">{{cite web| url =http://www.srhu.edu.in/academics/programmes/postgraduate.html| title =Postgraduate Courses| publisher =SRHU| accessdate =26 May 2015| archive-date =15 May 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150515134854/http://www.srhu.edu.in/academics/programmes/postgraduate.html| url-status =dead}}</ref><ref name="course2">{{cite web| url =http://www.srhu.edu.in/academics/programmes/undergraduate.html| title =Undergraduate Courses| publisher =SRHU| accessdate =26 May 2015| archive-date =25 April 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150425211555/http://www.srhu.edu.in/academics/programmes/undergraduate.html| url-status =dead}}</ref> === ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ === ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ-ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱟᱴᱳᱢᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ, ᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ, ᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱳᱥᱤᱥ, ᱮᱱᱮᱥᱛᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱯᱩᱞᱢᱳᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="course2"/> === ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ === ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥᱥᱤ. ᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥᱥᱤ. ᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="course1"/><ref name="course2"/> === ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱳᱡᱤ === ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ, ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ, ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="course1"/><ref name="course2"/> === ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱡᱽ === ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮ., ᱵᱤ.ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮ. ᱯᱨᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="course1"/><ref name="course2"/> == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟᱫᱩᱱ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist|30em}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://srhu.edu.in ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] * [http://uk.gov.in ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] * [http://mciindia.org ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810183815/https://mciindia.org/ |date=2019-08-10 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Swami Rama Himalayan University}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱟᱫᱩᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ]] qu7y4r67omaro2ivwqkipm8wgbkuovb 0 35841 191571 2026-05-08T16:33:43Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ r36pi750ju2h3d4vtygisjhb2ybt4u3 191572 191571 2026-05-08T16:34:18Z MT731 2184 191572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 3sl9ml3nlh219vcj4i81o8a7t2n71cl 191604 191572 2026-05-09T00:00:08Z MT731 2184 191604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> 4yd8gfgoa0c3bhw1hx5eac61jlym6rv 191605 191604 2026-05-09T00:09:26Z MT731 2184 191605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ru36vx67h2kvjvn0eg50adn7szs3kri 191606 191605 2026-05-09T00:30:26Z MT731 2184 191606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> a24ggurdq4hgzata9u0e9io87lr224q 191607 191606 2026-05-09T00:32:31Z MT731 2184 191607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ 5hkc04lcijnqh6qni99s562qurpdnoh 191608 191607 2026-05-09T00:33:23Z MT731 2184 191608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ m2t2ovaco420hj5vwufmt1t4f39vpha 191609 191608 2026-05-09T00:38:36Z MT731 2184 191609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/Htmfiles/CoB_Police.html | title = Police Stations under Cooch Behar district| publisher = Cooch Behar Police |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> c1ldibpvwwxu6jhyi1w0gmv1f1hovc9 191610 191609 2026-05-09T00:42:29Z MT731 2184 191610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/Htmfiles/CoB_Police.html | title = Police Stations under Cooch Behar district| publisher = Cooch Behar Police |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ l7l3xlul3v12ez9ir9z7fbpermszkf8 191611 191610 2026-05-09T00:46:38Z MT731 2184 191611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = SDO Office Mekhliganj UdiptoRoy Udipta 4647.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱮᱥᱰᱤᱳ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.35|N|88.92|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Mekhliganj City|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mekliganj.htm|website=sudawb.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.88 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 58 | population_total = 9217 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=12 March 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | website = {{URL|coochbehar.nic.in}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' (Bengali pronunciation: mekhliɡɔnd͡ʒ) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱢᱤᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ 'ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱟ' (ᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ (ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=450| height=400| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|14|0|N|89|2|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in the Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj subdivisions and Sitai CD block of Dinhata subdivision in Cooch Behar district'''<br/>CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, M: Municipal town<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|19|48|N|89|13|12|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Mathabhanga | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Mathabhanga]] (M)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|19|48|N|88|46|12|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2= Haldibari| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Haldibari, India]] (M) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|21|0|N|88|55|12|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3= Mekhliganj| numbered3=M| mark-title3= Mekhliganj (M)|shape-color3=black| label-size3=13|label-color3=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord4={{coord|26|24|47|N|88|55|9|E}}| label-pos4=top|label4=Changrabandha|labela4= Check-point| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Changrabandha]] (CT)| shape-color4= #A40000 |mark-coord5={{coord|26|25|52|N|89|16|23|E}}| label-pos5=left|label5=Ghoksadanga| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Ghoksadanga]] (R)| shape-color5= #C42222 |mark-coord6={{coord|26|20|10|N|89|15|13|E}}| label-pos6=top|label6=Matiar Kuthi| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Matiar Kuthi]] (R)| shape-color6= #C42222 |mark-coord7={{coord|26|18|56|N|89|18|35|E}}| label-pos7=left|label7=Nishiganj| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nishiganj]] (R)| shape-color7= #C42222 |mark-coord8={{coord|26|20|45|N|89|9|26|E}}| label-pos8=top|label8=Sikarpur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sikarpur, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color8= #C42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|10|23|N|89|10|46|E}}| label-pos9=top|label9=Sitalkuchi| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Sitalkuchi, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color9= #C42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|18|11|N|88|59|0|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Kuchlibari| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kuchlibari]] (R)| shape-color10= #C42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|3|5|N|89|19|13|E}}| label-pos11=top|label11=Sitai| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Sitai, Cooch Behar]] (R)| shape-color11= #C42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|24|0|N|88|48|20|E}}|label12= Teesta River| label-color12 = #77A1CB| label-angle12=50| label-pos12=top| label-size12=10| mark-size12=0| mark-title12=none |mark-coord13={{coord|26|13|30|N|89|16|40|E}}|label13= Jaldhaka River| label-color13 = #77A1CB| label-angle13=65| label-pos13=top| label-size13=10| mark-size13=0| mark-title13=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|10|0|N|88|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-10| arc-gapA=4.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱖.᱓᱕° ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱘᱘.᱙᱒° ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱥᱴᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Mekhliganj.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mekliganj]</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱮᱞᱤᱣᱮᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱮᱸᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ'', ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱘᱘ ᱵᱚᱨᱜᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Koch Bihar, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 593-594 : Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 595| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱙᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱐.᱐᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱛᱚᱵᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱓᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱴ ᱮᱞᱩᱣᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱰ ᱯᱞᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1903_PART_A_DCHB_KOCH%20BIHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Koch Bihar, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, pages 17-21 Physical feafures| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙,᱒᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱖᱖᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔,᱔᱖᱓ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱐᱙᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱐᱐᱙ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱔.᱘᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐,᱘᱓᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱑% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱘% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱤᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Cooch Behar |work = Tables 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://coochbehar.nic.in/Htmfiles/CoB_Police.html | title = Police Stations under Cooch Behar district| publisher = Cooch Behar Police |access-date = 2 August 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱢᱮᱠᱷᱞᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 August 2020 }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] hg7i1zb218w5tln9w4bin27lgv05rv5 0 35842 191573 2026-05-08T17:29:25Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | image = Women of Paniya community in Kerala .jpg | caption = ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | pop = ᱙᱙,᱐᱗᱙ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region1 = ᱠᱮ..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | image = Women of Paniya community in Kerala .jpg | caption = ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | pop = ᱙᱙,᱐᱗᱙ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region1 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | pop1 = ᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱐<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42971/download/46639/ST-3200-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region2 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] | pop2 = ᱑᱐,᱑᱓᱔<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42972/download/46640/ST-3300-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region3 = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] | pop3 = ᱔᱙᱕<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42968/download/46636/ST-2900-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | languages = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] | religions = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | related = [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ]] }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ''', '''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱮᱨ''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of India |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8r29p2r8&chunk.id=d0e705&toc.id=&brand=ucpress |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> ᱟᱨ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟᱵᱟᱰᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name= "MSSRF ">{{cite web|title=Wild Food Report |url=https://mssbg.mssrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wild-food-report-compressed.pdf}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[File:The races of man, figure 126 Group of Paniyan men and children of Malabar (IA deniofmanoutlinraces00rich).png|left|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱾]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ (Thurston, 1909) ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kerala">{{cite web|title=Major Tribals in Kerala|url=http://www.focusonpeople.org/major_tribals_in_kerala.htm|publisher=FocusonPeople|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Keane">{{cite web|last=Keane|first=A. H.|title=Man, Past and Present|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35685/35685-h/35685-h.htm|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="Pcg">{{cite web|title=Paniya: A Language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ, ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> == ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[File:Paniya girl.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱾]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱓) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱖᱗,᱙᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞ (PEEP) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱤᱱᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == [[File:Monsoon scene1.jpg|thumb|right|ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾]] [[File:Valliyurkavu bhagavathhi temple.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾]] ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ (ᱯᱟᱰᱤᱥ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ (ᱯᱤᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Varghese">{{cite web|last=Varghese|first=T.|title=Socio-Economic Profile of Paniya Tribe|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/222/16/16_chapter7.pdf|publisher=Shodhganga|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱪᱤ'' ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱴᱴᱤ'' ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ, ᱡᱤᱱᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱯ (PEEP) ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱝᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ == ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ''ᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤᱪᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ'', ''ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩ-ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢᱢᱟ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] (ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱥᱭᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nambiar |first1=A. C. K. |title=Population, Development, and the Environment: The Dynamic Interface |date=2005 |publisher=Serials Publications |isbn=978-81-86771-59-4 |page=64}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] *[[ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons category|Paniya people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ] {{Authority control}} [[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]] 6wio5oxpd5tytm2olnufcuk6sj08sao 191574 191573 2026-05-08T17:35:13Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | image = Women of Paniya community in Kerala .jpg | caption = ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | pop = ᱙᱙,᱐᱗᱙ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region1 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | pop1 = ᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱐<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42971/download/46639/ST-3200-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region2 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] | pop2 = ᱑᱐,᱑᱓᱔<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42972/download/46640/ST-3300-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region3 = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] | pop3 = ᱔᱙᱕<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42968/download/46636/ST-2900-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | languages = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] | religions = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | related = [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ]] }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ''', '''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱮᱨ''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of India |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8r29p2r8&chunk.id=d0e705&toc.id=&brand=ucpress |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> ᱟᱨ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟᱵᱟᱰᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name= "MSSRF ">{{cite web|title=Wild Food Report |url=https://mssbg.mssrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wild-food-report-compressed.pdf}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[File:The races of man, figure 126 Group of Paniyan men and children of Malabar (IA deniofmanoutlinraces00rich).png|left|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ᱾]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ (Thurston, 1909)᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala">{{cite web|title=Major Tribals in Kerala|url=http://www.focusonpeople.org/major_tribals_in_kerala.htm|publisher=FocusonPeople|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Keane">{{cite web|last=Keane|first=A. H.|title=Man, Past and Present|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35685/35685-h/35685-h.htm|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾<ref name="Pcg">{{cite web|title=Paniya: A Language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ, ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> == ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[File:Paniya girl.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ᱾]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱓) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱖᱗,᱙᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞ (PEEP) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == [[File:Monsoon scene1.jpg|thumb|right|ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾]] [[File:Valliyurkavu bhagavathhi temple.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾]] ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ (ᱯᱟᱰᱤᱥ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ (ᱯᱤᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese">{{cite web|last=Varghese|first=T.|title=Socio-Economic Profile of Paniya Tribe|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/222/16/16_chapter7.pdf|publisher=Shodhganga|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱪᱤ'' ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱴᱴᱤ'' ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ, ᱡᱤᱱᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱤᱯ (PEEP) ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱝᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ == ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ''ᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤᱪᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ'', ''ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩ-ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢᱢᱟ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] (ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱥᱭᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nambiar |first1=A. C. K. |title=Population, Development, and the Environment: The Dynamic Interface |date=2005 |publisher=Serials Publications |isbn=978-81-86771-59-4 |page=64}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] *[[ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons ᱛᱷᱚᱠ|Paniya people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ] {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]] 698fqndph4u8y13rda40noullwo1413 191581 191574 2026-05-08T17:48:08Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ 191581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | image = Women of Paniya community in Kerala .jpg | caption = ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | pop = ᱙᱙,᱐᱗᱙ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region1 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | pop1 = ᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱐<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42971/download/46639/ST-3200-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region2 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] | pop2 = ᱑᱐,᱑᱓᱔<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42972/download/46640/ST-3300-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region3 = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] | pop3 = ᱔᱙᱕<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42968/download/46636/ST-2900-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | languages = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] | religions = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | related = [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ]] }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ''', '''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱮᱨ''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of India |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8r29p2r8&chunk.id=d0e705&toc.id=&brand=ucpress |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> ᱟᱨ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟᱵᱟᱰᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name= "MSSRF ">{{cite web|title=Wild Food Report |url=https://mssbg.mssrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wild-food-report-compressed.pdf}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[File:The races of man, figure 126 Group of Paniyan men and children of Malabar (IA deniofmanoutlinraces00rich).png|left|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ᱾]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ (Thurston, 1909)᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala">{{cite web|title=Major Tribals in Kerala|url=http://www.focusonpeople.org/major_tribals_in_kerala.htm|publisher=FocusonPeople|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Keane">{{cite web|last=Keane|first=A. H.|title=Man, Past and Present|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35685/35685-h/35685-h.htm|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾<ref name="Pcg">{{cite web|title=Paniya: A Language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ, ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> == ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[File:Paniya girl.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ᱾]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱓) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱖᱗,᱙᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞ (PEEP) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == [[File:Monsoon scene1.jpg|thumb|right|ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾]] [[File:Valliyurkavu bhagavathhi temple.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾]] ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ (ᱯᱟᱰᱤᱥ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ (ᱯᱤᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese">{{cite web|last=Varghese|first=T.|title=Socio-Economic Profile of Paniya Tribe|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/222/16/16_chapter7.pdf|publisher=Shodhganga|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱪᱤ'' ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱴᱴᱤ'' ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ, ᱡᱤᱱᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱤᱯ (PEEP) ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱝᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ == ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ''ᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤᱪᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ'', ''ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩ-ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢᱢᱟ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] (ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱥᱭᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nambiar |first1=A. C. K. |title=Population, Development, and the Environment: The Dynamic Interface |date=2005 |publisher=Serials Publications |isbn=978-81-86771-59-4 |page=64}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] *[[ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons ᱛᱷᱚᱠ|Paniya people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ] {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]] e17hu2nldhhrkuwtodhsm8fo3lq1xq6 191582 191581 2026-05-08T17:51:03Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ */ 191582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | image = Women of Paniya community in Kerala .jpg | caption = ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ | pop = ᱙᱙,᱐᱗᱙ | popplace = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | region1 = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | pop1 = ᱘᱘,᱔᱕᱐<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42971/download/46639/ST-3200-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region2 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] | pop2 = ᱑᱐,᱑᱓᱔<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Tamil Nadu |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42972/download/46640/ST-3300-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | region3 = [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] | pop3 = ᱔᱙᱕<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11: State primary census abstract (PCA) for individual scheduled tribes - Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42968/download/46636/ST-2900-PCA-A-11-ddw.xlsx |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=August 20, 2024}}</ref> | languages = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] | religions = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] | related = [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ]] }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ''', '''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱮᱨ''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribes of India |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft8r29p2r8&chunk.id=d0e705&toc.id=&brand=ucpress |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=publishing.cdlib.org}}</ref> ᱟᱨ '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟᱵᱟᱰᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name= "MSSRF ">{{cite web|title=Wild Food Report |url=https://mssbg.mssrf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wild-food-report-compressed.pdf}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[File:The races of man, figure 126 Group of Paniyan men and children of Malabar (IA deniofmanoutlinraces00rich).png|left|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ᱾]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ (Thurston, 1909)᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala">{{cite web|title=Major Tribals in Kerala|url=http://www.focusonpeople.org/major_tribals_in_kerala.htm|publisher=FocusonPeople|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Keane">{{cite web|last=Keane|first=A. H.|title=Man, Past and Present|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35685/35685-h/35685-h.htm|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾<ref name="Pcg">{{cite web|title=Paniya: A Language of India|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg|publisher=Ethnologue|accessdate=6 November 2013}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ, ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ, [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> == ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱜᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ [[File:Paniya girl.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ᱾]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱓) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱖᱗,᱙᱔᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ᱾<ref name="Kerala"/> ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱞ ᱯᱤᱯᱩᱞ (PEEP) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ == ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> == ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == [[File:Monsoon scene1.jpg|thumb|right|ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾]] [[File:Valliyurkavu bhagavathhi temple.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾]] ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ (ᱯᱟᱰᱤᱥ) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ (ᱯᱤᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese">{{cite web|last=Varghese|first=T.|title=Socio-Economic Profile of Paniya Tribe|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/222/16/16_chapter7.pdf|publisher=Shodhganga|accessdate=9 November 2013}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱩ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱪᱤ'' ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱠᱷᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱴᱴᱤ'' ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ, ᱡᱤᱱᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮ-ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱤᱯ (PEEP) ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱧᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱝᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Varghese"/> == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ == ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="Pcg"/> ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ''ᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤᱪᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ'', ''ᱠᱟᱴᱴᱩ-ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ''ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱢᱢᱟ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱞᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱟᱵᱷᱩ]] (ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱥᱭᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nambiar |first1=A. C. K. |title=Population, Development, and the Environment: The Dynamic Interface |date=2005 |publisher=Serials Publications |isbn=978-81-86771-59-4 |page=64}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == *[[ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] *[[ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱜᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons ᱛᱷᱚᱠ|Paniya people}} *[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/pcg ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ] {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]] 8ca0l6ezedqn56j2wy4f4mw89nfxizj 0 35843 191575 2026-05-08T17:43:44Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 "{{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] pcep3po5khsi3bpiugyvz0mkiih3egb 191576 191575 2026-05-08T17:44:10Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] 8fekbddrlcj1klt161sy72tbshqx4v7 191577 191576 2026-05-08T17:45:09Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* */ 191577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] d24i0zj5rsvj5sa9z54i2nf65xp6xje 191578 191577 2026-05-08T17:45:36Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ */ 191578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] reuqmp4optvimwtshmhe3mzlzbrdooq 191579 191578 2026-05-08T17:46:02Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 /* ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ */ 191579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[Category:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[Category:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] d0to2qtcuadce68fyvpejxu36j151ru 191580 191579 2026-05-08T17:46:24Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} {{Infobox language | name = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ | nativename = {{lang|pcg|പണിയ}} | states = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] | ethnicity = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|᱒᱒,᱘᱐᱘|2}} | date = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ | ref = e25 | speakers2 = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱓%{{cn|date=ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒}} | familycolor = Dravidian | fam2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ I]] | fam4 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰ]] | fam5 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]] | fam6 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]] | fam7 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ | fam8 = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]] | fam9 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] | fam10 = [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ]] | fam11 = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ–[[ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟ]] | ancestor = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | ancestor2 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] | iso3 = pcg | glotto = pani1256 | glottorefname = Paniya | altname = ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ }} '''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ''' ({{ipa|pcg|pɐɳijɐ|ipa}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ'', ''ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱟᱱᱭᱟᱦ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=e25/> ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱓,᱘᱒᱗ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱖,᱙᱕᱒, [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱓᱙᱓ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28122|title=A Hand Book of Population Statistics - Census 1981|date=1988|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ]], [[ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰᱮ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱯᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == <references/> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite thesis |title= The Endangered Tribal Language Paniya An Ethnolinguistic Study |author=VIJAY ARUL M. |publisher=[[Annamalai University]] |date=2019 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/283045 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/283045}} * {{Cite book |title=Paniya |volume=33 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |issn=0948-2806 |first=Dieter B. |last=Kapp |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |date=2020 |isbn=9783447114479}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * http://www.languageinindia.com/may2001/paniya2.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20110526072200/http://apha.confex.com/apha/135am/techprogram/paper_163341.htm {{Languages spoken in Kerala}} {{Dravidian languages}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] pu27n7jcvdh7ysv71uwtp29yywsgv1y 0 35844 191586 2026-05-08T19:11:54Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ}} '''ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-05 |title=BRC AND SCH SIGN COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENT |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/BRC/BRC-and-SCH-sign-collaborative-agreement |website=www.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153821/http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/BRC/BRC-and-SCH-sign-collaborative-agreement |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Biomedical Research Center {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc |website=www.qu.edu.qa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Qatar puts the pursuit of knowledge front and centre |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-018-00045-9 |language=en}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Research {{!}} Qatar Genome Programme |url=https://www.qatargenome.org.qa/research |website=www.qatargenome.org.qa}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱮᱴᱤᱥ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-09 |title=Qatar |url=https://www.healthdata.org/qatar |website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Health and Biomedical Sciences |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/research-priorities/health-and-biomedical-sciences |website=Qatar University}}</ref> ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2008 |title=Qatar National Vision 2030 {{!}} General Secretariat For Development Planning |url=https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/GCO-QNV-English.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Research Pillars and Priorities {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/research-priorities |website=www.qu.edu.qa}}</ref> BRC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ American Association for Laboratory Accreditation ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ISO/IEC 17025|ISO/IEC - 17025]] ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-01 |title=QU BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER AND LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER AWARDED ISO IEC - 17025 ACCREDITATION |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/LARC/QU-Biomedical-Research-Center-and-Laboratory-Animal-Research-Center-awarded-ISO-IEC-%E2%80%93-17025-accreditation |website=www.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153821/http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom/LARC/QU-Biomedical-Research-Center-and-Laboratory-Animal-Research-Center-awarded-ISO-IEC-%E2%80%93-17025-accreditation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ (ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ), ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱰᱤᱥᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ [[Omics|ᱳᱢᱤᱠᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divisions and Researches {{!}} Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/divisions-and-researches |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=www.qu.edu.qa |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314053948/http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/divisions-and-researches |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ == ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, BRC ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-24 |title=BRC Publications |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/publications |website=Qatar University |access-date=2023-03-15 |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315055508/http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/about/publications |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Qatar University Institutional Repository {{!}} Biomedical Research Center |url=https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/62 |website=qspace.qu.edu.qa |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2025-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614082745/https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/62 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱨᱳᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: # ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱤᱠ-ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=El Zowalaty ME, Al Thani AA, Webster TJ, El Zowalaty AE, Schweizer HP, Nasrallah GK, Marei HE, Ashour HM |date=2015-10-01 |title=Pseudomonas aeruginosa: arsenal of resistance mechanisms, decades of changing resistance profiles, and future antimicrobial therapies |journal=Future Microbiology |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1683–1706 |doi=10.2217/fmb.15.48 |pmid=26439366}}</ref> # ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱒ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱮᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Al-Sulaiti H, Diboun I, Agha MV, Mohamed FF, Atkin S, Dömling AS, Elrayess MA, Mazloum NA |date=October 2019 |title=Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes |journal=Journal of Translational Medicine |volume=17 |issue=1 |page=348 |doi=10.1186/s12967-019-2096-8 |pmc=6805293 |pmid=31640727 |doi-access=free}}</ref> # COVID-19 ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ,<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Younes N, Al-Sadeq DW, Al-Jighefee H, Younes S, Al-Jamal O, Daas HI, Yassine HM, Nasrallah GK |date=May 2020 |title=Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 |journal=Viruses |volume=12 |issue=6 |page=582 |doi=10.3390/v12060582 |pmc=7354519 |pmid=32466458 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱢᱤᱠᱨᱳᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ # ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱰᱤ ᱪᱮᱬᱮ, ᱟᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱰᱩᱜᱳᱝ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱠᱩᱣᱮᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱾ # ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱱᱳ-ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱾<ref name="pmid36851305">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohamed NA, Zupin L, Mazi SI, Al-Khatib HA, Crovella S |date=February 2023 |title=Nanomedicine as a Potential Tool against Monkeypox |journal=Vaccines |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=428 |doi=10.3390/vaccines11020428 |pmc=9963669 |pmid=36851305 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ == [[File:Zebrafish Graphics from Qatar University.jpg|alt=BRC Introduced the use of zebrafish as an animal model in biomedical research at Qatar University|thumb|BRC ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ]] ᱵᱤᱨ.ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱰᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zakaria ZZ, Benslimane FM, Nasrallah GK, Shurbaji S, Younes NN, Mraiche F, Da'as SI, Yalcin HC | display-authors = 6 | title = Using Zebrafish for Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2018 | article-number = 1642684 | date = 2018-09-27 | pmid = 30363733 | doi = 10.1155/2018/1642684 | pmc = 6180974 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Facilities | work = Qatar University |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/research/brc/facilities }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱵᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Policy on Zebrafish Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Research Regulation |url=http://www.qu.edu.qa/static_file/qu/research/documents/qu_iacuc/Policy%20on%20Zebrafish%20Research.pdf }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [http://www.qu.edu.qa/research ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱟᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ] * [http://www.qu.edu.qa/newsroom ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱤᱣᱩᱡᱽᱨᱩᱢ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱳᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] ah9jmzu3j1zqj9xz5sfk9nsw18cdsq1 14 35845 191587 2026-05-08T19:13:26Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "+" ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191587 wikitext text/x-wiki + jsojwe0y00ox745tisb3rfxjb66ayl8 0 35846 191588 2026-05-08T19:23:10Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191588 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 400 | image1 = Community Health Worker treats child (19165929668).jpg | alt1 = ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱾ | image2 = COVID-19 vaccination center, fair grounds Cologne, 1st vaccination-8237.jpg | alt2 = ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ | image4 = The Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Keshav Desiraju addressing at the launch of the media campaign of National Tobacco Control Programme, in New Delhi. The WHO Representative.jpg | alt4 = ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱾ | image3 = Seattle - Installing E. 80th Street pipeline, 1931.jpg | alt3 = ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱮᱞ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ | footer = ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ: ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ), ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱾ }}</noinclude> '''ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" ᱾<ref name="Gatseva">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gatseva PD, Argirova M |title=Public health: the science of promoting health |journal=Journal of Public Health |date= June 2011 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=205–206 |doi=10.1007/s10389-011-0412-8 |s2cid=1126351 |language=en |issn=1613-2238|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Winslow_1920">{{cite journal | vauthors = Winslow CE | title = The untilled fields of public health | journal = Science | volume = 51 | issue = 1306 | pages = 23–33 | date = January 1920 | pmid = 17838891 | doi = 10.1126/science.51.1306.23 | bibcode = 1920Sci....51...23W | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1448241 | author-link = Charles-Edward Amory Winslow }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Centers for Disease Control Foundation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/content/what-public-health|title=What is Public Health|website=Centers for Disease Control Foundation|publisher=Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref> "ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="What is the WHO definition of health">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190307113324/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions What is the WHO definition of health?] from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 June – 22 July 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of WHO, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. The definition has not been amended since 1948.</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ, ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ, ᱢᱳᱣᱠᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="Perdiguero_2001">{{cite journal| vauthors = Perdiguero E |date=2001-07-01|title=Anthropology in public health. Bridging differences in culture and society.|journal=Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health|volume=55|issue=7|pages=528b–528|doi=10.1136/jech.55.7.528b|issn=0143-005X|pmc=1731924}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ, ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱟᱛᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ, ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱢᱳᱴᱟ-ᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-25 |title=Obesity catches up with low- and middle-income countries |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/health/article/2023/07/25/obesity-catch-up-with-low-and-middle-income-countries_6067132_14.html |access-date=2024-08-21 |language=en}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ-ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱷᱤ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ), ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ (ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== hzk49vnwv024y622njp8prm8cxgiy8c 191589 191588 2026-05-08T19:28:29Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191589 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 400 | image1 = Community Health Worker treats child (19165929668).jpg | alt1 = ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱾ | image2 = COVID-19 vaccination center, fair grounds Cologne, 1st vaccination-8237.jpg | alt2 = ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ | image4 = The Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Keshav Desiraju addressing at the launch of the media campaign of National Tobacco Control Programme, in New Delhi. The WHO Representative.jpg | alt4 = ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱾ | image3 = Seattle - Installing E. 80th Street pipeline, 1931.jpg | alt3 = ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱮᱞ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ | footer = ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ: ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ), ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱾ }}</noinclude> '''ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" ᱾<ref name="Gatseva">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gatseva PD, Argirova M |title=Public health: the science of promoting health |journal=Journal of Public Health |date= June 2011 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=205–206 |doi=10.1007/s10389-011-0412-8 |s2cid=1126351 |language=en |issn=1613-2238|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Winslow_1920">{{cite journal | vauthors = Winslow CE | title = The untilled fields of public health | journal = Science | volume = 51 | issue = 1306 | pages = 23–33 | date = January 1920 | pmid = 17838891 | doi = 10.1126/science.51.1306.23 | bibcode = 1920Sci....51...23W | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1448241 | author-link = Charles-Edward Amory Winslow }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Centers for Disease Control Foundation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/content/what-public-health|title=What is Public Health|website=Centers for Disease Control Foundation|publisher=Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref> "ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="What is the WHO definition of health">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190307113324/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions What is the WHO definition of health?] from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 June – 22 July 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of WHO, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. The definition has not been amended since 1948.</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ, ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ, ᱢᱳᱣᱠᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="Perdiguero_2001">{{cite journal| vauthors = Perdiguero E |date=2001-07-01|title=Anthropology in public health. Bridging differences in culture and society.|journal=Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health|volume=55|issue=7|pages=528b–528|doi=10.1136/jech.55.7.528b|issn=0143-005X|pmc=1731924}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ, ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱟᱛᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ, ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱢᱳᱴᱟ-ᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-25 |title=Obesity catches up with low- and middle-income countries |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/health/article/2023/07/25/obesity-catch-up-with-low-and-middle-income-countries_6067132_14.html |access-date=2024-08-21 |language=en}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ-ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱷᱤ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ), ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ (ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ == [[File:A_community_health_worker_conducting_a_survey_in_the_Korail_slum,_Bangladesh_(8630810827).jpg|thumb|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ", ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ), ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Winslow_1920" /> "ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱾<ref name="What is the WHO definition of health" /> === ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ === [[File:World_Health_Organisation_building_from_west.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brown TM, Cueto M, Fee E | title = The World Health Organization and the transition from "international" to "global" public health | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 62–72 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16322464 | pmc = 1470434 | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ" ᱾<ref name="Koplan">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH, Sewankambo NK, Wasserheit JN | title = Towards a common definition of global health | journal = Lancet | volume = 373 | issue = 9679 | pages = 1993–1995 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19493564 | pmc = 9905260 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9 | bibcode = 2009Lanc..373.1993K | s2cid = 6919716 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.610.7968 }}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ: ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱳᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Jung_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jung P, Lushniak BD | title = Preventive Medicine's Identity Crisis | journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = e85–e89 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28012813 | doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.037 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Valles_2018">{{cite book | vauthors = Valles SA |title=Philosophy of population health: philosophy for a new public health era |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-351-67078-4 |location=London | publisher = Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |oclc=1035763221}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== sajbz6by3wmmg6iw6ohq46fd07gup8u 191591 191589 2026-05-08T19:34:57Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ */ + 191591 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 400 | image1 = Community Health Worker treats child (19165929668).jpg | alt1 = ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱳᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱾ | image2 = COVID-19 vaccination center, fair grounds Cologne, 1st vaccination-8237.jpg | alt2 = ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ | image4 = The Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Shri Keshav Desiraju addressing at the launch of the media campaign of National Tobacco Control Programme, in New Delhi. The WHO Representative.jpg | alt4 = ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱾ | image3 = Seattle - Installing E. 80th Street pipeline, 1931.jpg | alt3 = ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱮᱞ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱓᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ | footer = ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ: ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ: ᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ), ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱾ }}</noinclude> '''ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" ᱾<ref name="Gatseva">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gatseva PD, Argirova M |title=Public health: the science of promoting health |journal=Journal of Public Health |date= June 2011 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=205–206 |doi=10.1007/s10389-011-0412-8 |s2cid=1126351 |language=en |issn=1613-2238|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Winslow_1920">{{cite journal | vauthors = Winslow CE | title = The untilled fields of public health | journal = Science | volume = 51 | issue = 1306 | pages = 23–33 | date = January 1920 | pmid = 17838891 | doi = 10.1126/science.51.1306.23 | bibcode = 1920Sci....51...23W | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1448241 | author-link = Charles-Edward Amory Winslow }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Centers for Disease Control Foundation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdcfoundation.org/content/what-public-health|title=What is Public Health|website=Centers for Disease Control Foundation|publisher=Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref> "ᱫᱤᱥᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="What is the WHO definition of health">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190307113324/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions What is the WHO definition of health?] from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 June – 22 July 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of WHO, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. The definition has not been amended since 1948.</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ, ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ, ᱢᱳᱣᱠᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="Perdiguero_2001">{{cite journal| vauthors = Perdiguero E |date=2001-07-01|title=Anthropology in public health. Bridging differences in culture and society.|journal=Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health|volume=55|issue=7|pages=528b–528|doi=10.1136/jech.55.7.528b|issn=0143-005X|pmc=1731924}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ, ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ, ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱧᱩ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱟᱛᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ, ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ, ᱢᱳᱴᱟ-ᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-25 |title=Obesity catches up with low- and middle-income countries |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/health/article/2023/07/25/obesity-catch-up-with-low-and-middle-income-countries_6067132_14.html |access-date=2024-08-21 |language=en}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ-ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱷᱤ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ), ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ (ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱮᱱᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ == [[File:A_community_health_worker_conducting_a_survey_in_the_Korail_slum,_Bangladesh_(8630810827).jpg|thumb|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ", ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ), ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Winslow_1920" /> "ᱦᱚᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱾<ref name="What is the WHO definition of health" /> === ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ === [[File:World_Health_Organisation_building_from_west.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brown TM, Cueto M, Fee E | title = The World Health Organization and the transition from "international" to "global" public health | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 62–72 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16322464 | pmc = 1470434 | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ" ᱾<ref name="Koplan">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH, Sewankambo NK, Wasserheit JN | title = Towards a common definition of global health | journal = Lancet | volume = 373 | issue = 9679 | pages = 1993–1995 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19493564 | pmc = 9905260 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9 | bibcode = 2009Lanc..373.1993K | s2cid = 6919716 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.610.7968 }}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ: ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱳᱥᱯᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Jung_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jung P, Lushniak BD | title = Preventive Medicine's Identity Crisis | journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = e85–e89 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28012813 | doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.037 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Valles_2018">{{cite book | vauthors = Valles SA |title=Philosophy of population health: philosophy for a new public health era |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-351-67078-4 |location=London | publisher = Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |oclc=1035763221}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ '''ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ''' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ === ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ === ==== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ==== [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Jan 24">{{Cite web|date=24 January 2019|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> WHO ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱟᱸᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ" ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO Constitution, Basic Documents, Forty-ninth edition |website=WHO |date=2020 |url=https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱹᱵᱽᱞᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱹᱵᱽᱞᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, [[ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙]], ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Core priorities |url=https://www.who.int/europe/about-us/our-work/core-priorities |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Harvard Public Health |last2=Ghebreyesus |first2=Tedros Adhanom |date=2023-04-05 |title=75 years of WHO: Tedros' 5 priorities for a healthier world |url=https://harvardpublichealth.org/global-health/global-health-past-and-future-the-who-at-75/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=Harvard Public Health Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==== [[File:A local county health department in North Carolina, United States 01.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ]] ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱰᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, [[ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱟ, ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book| vauthors = Alkhuli MA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYZPDwAAQBAJ&q=In+the+United+States,+state+and+local+health+departments+are+on+the+front+line+of+public+health+initiatives.+In+addition+to+their+national+duties,+the+United+States+Public+Health+Service+(PHS),+led+by+the+Surgeon+General+of+the+United+States,+and+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention,+headquartered+in+Atlanta,+are+also+involved+with+international+health+activities.&pg=PA242|title=English for Nursing and Medicine|publisher=دار الفلاح للنشر والتوزيع|isbn=978-9957-552-36-7|language=en}}</ref> === ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ === ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite report|publisher =World Health Organization |chapter = Public health principles and neurological disorders|title =Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges |location = Geneva|date= 2006 |chapter-url =https://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/neurodiso/en/index.html}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hayes SL, Mann MK, Morgan FM, Kelly MJ, Weightman AL | title = Collaboration between local health and local government agencies for health improvement | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 10 | article-number = CD007825 | date = October 2012 | pmid = 23076937 | pmc = 9936257 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007825.pub6 }}</ref> ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Butcher">{{cite journal | vauthors = Butcher L |title=Pandemic puts all eyes on public health |journal=Knowable Magazine |date=17 November 2020 |doi=10.1146/knowable-111720-1|doi-access=free |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2020/pandemic-puts-all-eyes-public-health |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> [[File:Directors of Global Smallpox Eradication Program.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== kroiu3bfftmp5hex7fp3gflk0ox330c 0 35847 191592 2026-05-08T19:39:41Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "{{Infobox drug | type = ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ | image = Poliodrops.jpg | alt = <!-- Vaccine data --> | target = [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳᱢᱟᱭᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]] | vaccine_type = IPV: ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>OPV: ᱞᱚᱡᱷᱚᱲ <br/>nOPV2: ᱞᱚᱡᱷᱚᱲ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ <!-- Clinical data --> | tradename = Ipol, Poliovax, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | type = ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ | image = Poliodrops.jpg | alt = <!-- Vaccine data --> | target = [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳᱢᱟᱭᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]] | vaccine_type = IPV: ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <br/>OPV: ᱞᱚᱡᱷᱚᱲ <br/>nOPV2: ᱞᱚᱡᱷᱚᱲ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ <!-- Clinical data --> | tradename = Ipol, Poliovax, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}} | MedlinePlus = a601177 | DailyMedID = Ipol | pregnancy_AU = B2 | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{drugs.com|pregnancy|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}}</ref> | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = IPV: ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ <br/>OPV: ᱢᱳᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ | ATC_prefix = J07 | ATC_suffix = BF01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|J07|BF02}} {{ATC|J07|BF03}} {{ATC|J07|BF04}} <!-- Legal status --> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol (poliovirus type 1 antigen) (formaldehyde inactivated), poliovirus type 2 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated), and poliovirus type 3 antigen- formaldehyde inactivated injection, suspension | website=DailyMed | date=2 April 2025 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=34a647f5-8728-451b-b918-94c8acd15974 | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol – Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (Monkey Kidney Cell) | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=11 December 2019 | url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223053005/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-date=23 December 2019 | id=STN: 103930 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | title=Routine Polio Vaccination | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=11 May 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/routine-polio-vaccination.html | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = 1008119-78-5 | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB10796 | DrugBank2 = DB10797 | ChemSpiderID = None | UNII = | KEGG = D05543 | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = }} '''ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳᱢᱟᱭᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=WHO2022>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 97 | issue = 25 | pages = 277–300 | date = 2022 | hdl=10665/357168 | hdl-access = free}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱡᱷᱚᱲ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref name="Aylward_2006">{{cite journal|vauthors=Aylward RB|year=2006|title=Eradicating polio: today's challenges and tomorrow's legacy|journal=Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology|volume=100|issue=5–6|pages=401–413|doi=10.1179/136485906X97354|pmid=16899145|s2cid=25327986}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Schonberger LB, Kaplan J, Kim-Farley R, Moore M, Eddins DL, Hatch M|year=1984|title=Control of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States|journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases|volume=6 | issue = Suppl 2|pages=S424–S426|doi=10.1093/clinids/6.Supplement_2.S424|pmid=6740085|doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱓᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="gwp2013">{{cite web|url=http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|title=Global Wild Poliovirus 2014–2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085212/http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|title=Does polio still exist? Is it curable?|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529121019/http://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ == ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱢᱳᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="WHO2017Fs114">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|title=Poliomyelitis|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|archive-date=18 April 2017|url-status = live|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ HIV/AIDS ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 91 | issue = 12 | pages = 145–68 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27039410 | hdl=10665/254399 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱢᱳᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ (nOPV2) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="GPEI-nOPV2">{{Cite web|title=GPEI-nOPV2|url=https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727211943/https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ == ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ sunt ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱯᱨᱳᱣᱥᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name="Kowproski_obit">{{cite web | vauthors = Fox M | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | title = Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96 | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 20 April 2013 | access-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825133630/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | url-status = live }}</ref> ᱡᱳᱱᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Bazin H |title=Vaccination: A History|date=2011|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0775-2|page=395|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183608/https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smith DR, Leggat PA|date=2005|title=Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin – inventor of the oral polio vaccine|journal=The Kurume Medical Journal|volume=52|issue=3|pages=111–116|doi=10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111|pmid=16422178|doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{cite web | title=Polio Vaccine Information Statement | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=24 July 2025 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html }} * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html 'People and Discoveries: ᱥᱟᱞᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ'] c2axkpg7s31qbpqdod1evnqztrkkn6b 191593 191592 2026-05-08T19:44:51Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | type = vaccine | image = Poliodrops.jpg | alt = <!-- Vaccine data --> | target = [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] | vaccine_type = IPV: ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ (inactivated)<br/>OPV: ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ (attenuated)<br/>nOPV2: ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <!-- Clinical data --> | tradename = Ipol, Poliovax, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}} | MedlinePlus = a601177 | DailyMedID = Ipol | pregnancy_AU = B2 | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{drugs.com|pregnancy|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}}</ref> | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = IPV: [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (parenteral)<br/>OPV: [[ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ]] (oral) | ATC_prefix = J07 | ATC_suffix = BF01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|J07|BF02}} {{ATC|J07|BF03}} {{ATC|J07|BF04}} <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled --> | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C5, D1, D2, E, F1, F2, F3, F4 --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol (poliovirus type 1 antigen) (formaldehyde inactivated), poliovirus type 2 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated), and poliovirus type 3 antigen- formaldehyde inactivated injection, suspension | website=DailyMed | date=2 April 2025 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=34a647f5-8728-451b-b918-94c8acd15974 | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol – Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (Monkey Kidney Cell) | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=11 December 2019 | url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223053005/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-date=23 December 2019 | id=STN: 103930 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | title=Routine Polio Vaccination | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=11 May 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/routine-polio-vaccination.html | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = 1008119-78-5 | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB10796 | DrugBank2 = DB10797 | ChemSpiderID = None | UNII = | KEGG = D05543 | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = }} <!-- Definition and medical uses --> '''ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=WHO2022>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 97 | issue = 25 | pages = 277–300 | date = 2022 | hdl=10665/357168 | hdl-access = free}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref name="Aylward_2006">{{cite journal|vauthors=Aylward RB|year=2006|title=Eradicating polio: today's challenges and tomorrow's legacy|journal=Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology|volume=100|issue=5–6|pages=401–413|doi=10.1179/136485906X97354|pmid=16899145|s2cid=25327986}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Schonberger LB, Kaplan J, Kim-Farley R, Moore M, Eddins DL, Hatch M|year=1984|title=Control of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States|journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases|volume=6 | issue = Suppl 2|pages=S424–S426|doi=10.1093/clinids/6.Supplement_2.S424|pmid=6740085|doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="gwp2013">{{cite web|url=http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|title=Global Wild Poliovirus 2014–2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085212/http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|title=Does polio still exist? Is it curable?|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529121019/http://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Safety --> ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ-ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱰᱳᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ-ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="WHO2017Fs114">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|title=Poliomyelitis|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|archive-date=18 April 2017|url-status = live|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ HIV/AIDS ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 91 | issue = 12 | pages = 145–68 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27039410 | hdl=10665/254399 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ-ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱳᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱒ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="GPEI-nOPV2">{{Cite web|title=GPEI-nOPV2|url=https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727211943/https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- History, society and culture --> ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱨᱳᱣᱥᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kowproski_obit">{{cite web | vauthors = Fox M | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | title = Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96 | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 20 April 2013 | access-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825133630/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | url-status = live }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kowproski_obit"/> ᱡᱳᱱᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ (ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Bazin H |title=Vaccination: A History|date=2011|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0775-2|page=395|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183608/https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smith DR, Leggat PA|date=2005|title=Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin – inventor of the oral polio vaccine|journal=The Kurume Medical Journal|volume=52|issue=3|pages=111–116|doi=10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111|pmid=16422178|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{cite web | title=Polio Vaccine Information Statement | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=24 July 2025 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html }} * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html 'People and Discoveries: Salk Produces Polio Vaccine 1952'] [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) 8ip9ewn8rptlp7wuqhexi42qiw6yxfm 191594 191593 2026-05-08T19:47:58Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | type = vaccine | image = Poliodrops.jpg | alt = <!-- Vaccine data --> | target = [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] | vaccine_type = IPV: ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ (inactivated)<br/>OPV: ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ (attenuated)<br/>nOPV2: ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ <!-- Clinical data --> | tradename = Ipol, Poliovax, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}} | MedlinePlus = a601177 | DailyMedID = Ipol | pregnancy_AU = B2 | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{drugs.com|pregnancy|poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated}}</ref> | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = IPV: [[ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (parenteral)<br/>OPV: [[ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ]] (oral) | ATC_prefix = J07 | ATC_suffix = BF01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|J07|BF02}} {{ATC|J07|BF03}} {{ATC|J07|BF04}} <!-- Legal status --> | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled --> | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C5, D1, D2, E, F1, F2, F3, F4 --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> | legal_UK_comment = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol (poliovirus type 1 antigen) (formaldehyde inactivated), poliovirus type 2 antigen (formaldehyde inactivated), and poliovirus type 3 antigen- formaldehyde inactivated injection, suspension | website=DailyMed | date=2 April 2025 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=34a647f5-8728-451b-b918-94c8acd15974 | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Ipol – Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (Monkey Kidney Cell) | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=11 December 2019 | url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223053005/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/ipol-poliovirus-vaccine-inactivated-monkey-kidney-cell | archive-date=23 December 2019 | id=STN: 103930 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | title=Routine Polio Vaccination | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=11 May 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/routine-polio-vaccination.html | access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Identifiers --> | CAS_number = 1008119-78-5 | PubChem = | IUPHAR_ligand = | DrugBank = DB10796 | DrugBank2 = DB10797 | ChemSpiderID = None | UNII = | KEGG = D05543 | ChEBI = | ChEMBL = | NIAID_ChemDB = }} <!-- Definition and medical uses --> '''ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=WHO2022>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 97 | issue = 25 | pages = 277–300 | date = 2022 | hdl=10665/357168 | hdl-access = free}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref name="Aylward_2006">{{cite journal|vauthors=Aylward RB|year=2006|title=Eradicating polio: today's challenges and tomorrow's legacy|journal=Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology|volume=100|issue=5–6|pages=401–413|doi=10.1179/136485906X97354|pmid=16899145|s2cid=25327986}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Schonberger LB, Kaplan J, Kim-Farley R, Moore M, Eddins DL, Hatch M|year=1984|title=Control of paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States|journal=Reviews of Infectious Diseases|volume=6 | issue = Suppl 2|pages=S424–S426|doi=10.1093/clinids/6.Supplement_2.S424|pmid=6740085|doi-access=free}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="gwp2013">{{cite web|url=http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|title=Global Wild Poliovirus 2014–2019|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085212/http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/global-wild-poliovirus-2013-2018-20190201.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|title=Does polio still exist? Is it curable?|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=29 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529121019/http://www.who.int/features/qa/07/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- Safety --> ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱤᱱᱡᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ-ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱰᱳᱡᱽ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ-ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="WHO2017Fs114">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|title=Poliomyelitis|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|archive-date=18 April 2017|url-status = live|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ HIV/AIDS ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016>{{cite journal | title = Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – March, 2016 | journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record | volume = 91 | issue = 12 | pages = 145–68 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27039410 | hdl=10665/254399 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ-ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱳᱨᱟᱞ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱒ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="GPEI-nOPV2">{{Cite web|title=GPEI-nOPV2|url=https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|access-date=1 August 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727211943/https://polioeradication.org/nopv2/|url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- History, society and culture --> ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱨᱳᱣᱥᱠᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱲᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kowproski_obit">{{cite web | vauthors = Fox M | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | title = Hilary Koprowski, Who Developed First Live-Virus Polio Vaccine, Dies at 96 | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 20 April 2013 | access-date = 8 September 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825133630/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html | url-status = live }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Kowproski_obit"/> ᱡᱳᱱᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱞᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱ-ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱴᱮᱰ (ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Bazin H |title=Vaccination: A History|date=2011|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|isbn=978-2-7420-0775-2|page=395|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908183608/https://books.google.com/books?id=orjaA_7sYZQC&pg=PA395|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=WHO2016/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smith DR, Leggat PA|date=2005|title=Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin – inventor of the oral polio vaccine|journal=The Kurume Medical Journal|volume=52|issue=3|pages=111–116|doi=10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111|pmid=16422178|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHO24th">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list | year = 2025 | hdl = 10665/382243 | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | hdl-access = free | doi = 10.2471/B09474 | doi-access = free | id = License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> [[File:Polio vaccine poster.jpg|thumb|ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ "ᱣᱮᱞᱵᱤ" ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * {{cite web | title=Polio Vaccine Information Statement | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=24 July 2025 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/polio.html }} * [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html 'People and Discoveries: Salk Produces Polio Vaccine 1952'] [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) 56cxotyn79x2ky7v7iwdg4jr9ktzyee 0 35848 191595 2026-05-08T19:52:59Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} {{United Nations series}} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''WHO''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=[[Kaiser Family Foundation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ|ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ]], [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[HIV/AIDS]], ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱤᱵᱤ]]; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] (WHA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ WHA ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; WHO ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]]); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] jq922o1k0lunl36ghd25gkt6n71lt7x 191596 191595 2026-05-08T19:53:19Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''WHO''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=[[Kaiser Family Foundation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ|ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ]], [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[HIV/AIDS]], ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱤᱵᱤ]]; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] (WHA) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ WHA ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; WHO ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]]); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] 188wni3mb31rtnbnxxadlrawqifrjym 191597 191596 2026-05-08T19:57:00Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱪ-ᱳ''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮ. ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] m01hayigxpjcegob0z41dm8ypigv2f0 191598 191597 2026-05-08T20:02:39Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱪ-ᱳ''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮ. ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ === ᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ECOSOC ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=Introduction|pages=9–11|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon"/> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ-ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱩᱭᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon7">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=The seventh conference: Venice, 1892|pages=58–65|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|65}} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] 8dqfyuu4b9iig509zopgg4uftelndxd 191599 191598 2026-05-08T20:06:50Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ + 191599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ | native_name = {{Collapsible list|title = ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ:|{{langx|arb|منظمة الصحة العالمية|rtl=yes}}|{{langx|zh|世界卫生组织}}|{{langx|fr|Organisation mondiale de la santé|italic=unset}}|{{langx|ru|Всемирная организация здравоохранения}}|{{langx|es|Organización Mundial de la Salud|italic=unset}}}} | logo = World Health Organization Logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | image = World Health Organization @ Pregny-Chambésy (50636746028).jpg | caption = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO headquarters in Geneva|access-date=5 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115111613/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/about-us/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | image_size = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | type = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] | abbreviation = WHO | pronunciation = ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱭᱪ-ᱳ (W-H-O) | leader_title = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ|ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] | leader_name = [[ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ]] | leader_title2 = ᱰᱮᱯᱩᱴᱤ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | leader_name2 = [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱡᱮ. ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ (ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ)|ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ]] | status = ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ | formation = {{start date and age|p=y|df=y|1948|4|7}} | headquarters = [[ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ]], ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ | website = {{URL|https://who.int/}} | parent_organization = [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | subsidiaries = | budget = $᱖.᱘᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱔–᱒᱐᱒᱕) }} '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ''' ('''ᱰᱚᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ-ᱮᱪ-ᱳ''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019">{{Cite web|last=<!-- no byline provided -->|date=21 January 2025|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328103427/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=28 March 2025|access-date=2 April 2025|website=Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱳᱣᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO (World Health Organisation)|url=https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|access-date=2 March 2023|website=Information Saves Lives {{!}} Internews|language=en-US|archive-date=2 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110349/https://internews.org/covid-19/glossary/who/|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution|access-date=18 November 2024|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ, ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ WHO ᱫᱚ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ascher-1952">{{Cite journal|last=Ascher|first=Charles S.|date=1952|title=Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=27–50|doi=10.1017/S0020818300016179|issn=1531-5088|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714132908/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/current-problems-in-the-world-health-organizations-program/EBEA9C7AE079C2FB5121D1798BB847C5|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization/Europe|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱸᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ, ''[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ]]'', ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ, [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱳ]] ᱟᱫ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨᱩᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ HIV/AIDS, ᱮᱵᱳᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱵᱤ; ᱦᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ; ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱱᱤᱣᱴᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ; ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=What we do|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱮ. ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱰᱨᱳᱥ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱜᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱭᱮᱥᱚᱥ); ᱡᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱭᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ === ᱑᱙᱔᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ECOSOC ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱘᱕᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱘᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=Introduction|pages=9–11|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon"/> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ-ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱥᱩᱭᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱱᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="SanCon7">{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|chapter=The seventh conference: Venice, 1892|pages=58–65|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|65}} == ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ == ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱛᱥᱩᱢᱤ ‍ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|title=Modernizing the WHO Headquarters in Geneva|website=who.int|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085027/https://www.who.int/about/structure/modernizing-who-headquarters.pdf|archive-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/archive/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters|title=Design contest opens for World Health Organisation headquarters|work=Architects Journal|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213211145/https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/design-contest-opens-for-world-health-organisation-headquarters/8664906.article|archive-date=13 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> === ᱰᱟᱹᱵᱽᱞᱩ.ᱮᱪ.ᱳ. ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱳᱯᱤᱥ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Stairwell in World Health Organization headquarters, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Patio of World Health Organization headquarters building, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱴᱠᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Reflecting pool and women walking at World Health Organization, Geneva, 1969.jpg|ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱞᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱩᱞ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:Women sunning selves at Geneva headquarters of World Health Organization, 1969.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ File:WHO HQ main building, Geneva from Southwest.JPG|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:The entrance hall WHO HQ, Geneva.JPG|ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ File:World Health Organization Executive Board Room.JPG|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ </gallery> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Sister project links|collapsible=yes|auto=1|commonscat=y}} {{Library resources box}} * {{Official website}} * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets WHO ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ] * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/international-geneva_covid-19--who-really-calls-the-shots-/46588960 "ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙: WHO ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ", ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ, ᱒᱐᱒᱑] sj24ce1npoz7uh2jk5s21hjjp9435zm 0 35849 191612 2026-05-09T02:25:22Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | other_name = ᱢᱟᱞ | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_po..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | other_name = ᱢᱟᱞ | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ<br/>ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ | governing_body = {{hlist|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ}} | leader_title = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name = ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ | leader_title1 = ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱯᱟᱛᱤ | leader_name1 = ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Malbazar Info|url=https://malmunicipality.org/placestovisite.php|website=malmunicipality.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801639-mal.html | title=Mal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 &#124; West Bengal }}</ref> | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = ᱙᱘᱕᱑ | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱙᱕᱐/᱙᱖᱘ [[ᱠᱚᱲᱟ|♂]]/[[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ|♀]]<ref name="census2011.co.in"/> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank3_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank3_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)]] | blank1_name_sec2 = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ | blank1_info_sec2 = ᱘᱘.᱖᱘% | website = [http://www.malmunicipality.org/ www.malmunicipality.org] | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]<ref>[http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm Administrative setup of Jalpaiguri district] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208201633/http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm |date=8 December 2008 }} from official website of [[Jalpaiguri District]]</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱰᱨᱹ ᱚᱢᱚᱞᱮᱱᱫᱩ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ (ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ), ᱫᱮᱵᱟᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱜᱳᱥ (ᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ), ᱰᱨᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤ, ᱱᱨᱤᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=410| height=350| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱢᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br />CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate<br />Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Chalsa| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chalsa, India]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Malbazar| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Malbazar (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colours --> |mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mangalbari]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Lataguri]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Matialihat]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dakshin Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bagrakote]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Batabari Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dam Dim]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gajoldoba]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gurjangjhora Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Murti, Jalpaiguri]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nagrakata]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Samsing]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sulkapara]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Zurantee Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B |mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B |mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B |mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B |mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B |mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B |mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Gorumara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22 |mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22 |mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= Gatia River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= Jaldhaka River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none |arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india |title = Yahoo maps of Mal |publisher = Yahoo maps |access-date = 29 November 2008 }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ – ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱤᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ, ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱩᱱᱛᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘.᱖᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑.᱓᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱘᱑᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒,᱔᱐᱔ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐,᱓᱕᱔ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱘᱔.᱖᱑%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓,᱒᱑᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱑᱑᱑ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑,᱑᱐᱑ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓.᱘᱑%, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕᱒% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗.᱘᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Jalpaiguri District |access-date=23 August 2007 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name=Census_Language/> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 64.07 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.43 |color2 = orange |label3 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value3 = 5.65 |color3 = green |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 5.53 |color4 = pink |label5 = [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] |value5 = 3.68 |color5 = black |label6 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value6 = 4.61 |color6 = white }} [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Census_Language>{{cite web |title=C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10245/download/13357/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094524/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2016 |title=Mal municipality |publisher=Official website of the Department of Municipal Affairs, West Bengal |access-date=29 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জল্পনা কল্পনার অবসান ঘটিয়ে, মাল পুরসভার নাম ঘোষণা |url=https://khabarindiaonline.in/2022/03/16/announcing-the-name-of-mal-municipality-putting-an-end-to-speculation/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Khabar India Online |date=16 March 2022}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== [[File:Board Showing New Mal Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]]] [[File:Malbazar Railway Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ]]]] ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ MLBZ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ NMZ) ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (MLBZ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱢ.ᱭᱩ. ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱩᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]-[[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ, ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, [[ᱜᱟᱝᱴᱚᱠ]], [[ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱳᱝ]], ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱳ, ᱥᱤᱝᱴᱟᱢ, ᱡᱚᱨᱮᱛᱷᱚᱝ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱭᱳᱝ, ᱱᱟᱢᱪᱤ, ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱝ, [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]], ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱴᱟᱱᱠᱤ, [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱭᱱᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠᱟᱴᱟ, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱯᱤ/ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ, ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱝ, ᱡᱚᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱮᱰᱚᱝ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ, ᱨᱮᱱᱚᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱚᱝ, ᱟᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱗᱑᱗ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html| title = Doklam effect: Sikkim to get new all-weather highway |date=28 May 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 February 2022}} </ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ, ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ]], [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱗᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ, ᱜᱳ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱥᱴ, ᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱭᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱠᱴ, ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱩᱠ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]], [[ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱽᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱳ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱯᱟᱨᱳ]] (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ), [[ᱞᱚᱠᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱰᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== * ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (CBSE, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ]] (WBCHSE, Bengali)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021600404 Subhasini High School] (WBCHSE, Bengali) (H.S.) * [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] 6uu0zzrcr1243j94uhfne9a7zjcva0x 191613 191612 2026-05-09T02:26:46Z MT731 2184 191613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | other_name = ᱢᱟᱞ | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ<br/>ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ | governing_body = {{hlist|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ}} | leader_title = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name = ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ | leader_title1 = ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱯᱟᱛᱤ | leader_name1 = ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Malbazar Info|url=https://malmunicipality.org/placestovisite.php|website=malmunicipality.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801639-mal.html | title=Mal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 &#124; West Bengal }}</ref> | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = ᱙᱘᱕᱑ | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱙᱕᱐/᱙᱖᱘ [[ᱠᱚᱲᱟ|♂]]/[[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ|♀]]<ref name="census2011.co.in"/> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank3_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank3_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)]] | blank1_name_sec2 = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ | blank1_info_sec2 = ᱘᱘.᱖᱘% | website = [http://www.malmunicipality.org/ www.malmunicipality.org] | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]<ref>[http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm Administrative setup of Jalpaiguri district] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208201633/http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm |date=8 December 2008 }} from official website of [[Jalpaiguri District]]</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱰᱨᱹ ᱚᱢᱚᱞᱮᱱᱫᱩ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ (ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ), ᱫᱮᱵᱟᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱜᱳᱥ (ᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ), ᱰᱨᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤ, ᱱᱨᱤᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=410| height=350| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱢᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br />CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate<br />Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Chalsa| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chalsa, India]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Malbazar| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Malbazar (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colours --> |mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mangalbari]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Lataguri]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Matialihat]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dakshin Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bagrakote]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Batabari Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dam Dim]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gajoldoba]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gurjangjhora Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Murti, Jalpaiguri]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nagrakata]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Samsing]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sulkapara]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Zurantee Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B |mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B |mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B |mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B |mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B |mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B |mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Gorumara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22 |mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22 |mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= Gatia River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= Jaldhaka River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none |arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india |title = Yahoo maps of Mal |publisher = Yahoo maps |access-date = 29 November 2008 }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ – ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱤᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ, ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱩᱱᱛᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘.᱖᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑.᱓᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱘᱑᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒,᱔᱐᱔ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐,᱓᱕᱔ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱘᱔.᱖᱑%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓,᱒᱑᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱑᱑᱑ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑,᱑᱐᱑ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓.᱘᱑%, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕᱒% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗.᱘᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Jalpaiguri District |access-date=23 August 2007 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name=Census_Language/> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 64.07 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.43 |color2 = orange |label3 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value3 = 5.65 |color3 = green |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 5.53 |color4 = pink |label5 = [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] |value5 = 3.68 |color5 = black |label6 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value6 = 4.61 |color6 = white }} [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Census_Language>{{cite web |title=C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10245/download/13357/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094524/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2016 |title=Mal municipality |publisher=Official website of the Department of Municipal Affairs, West Bengal |access-date=29 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জল্পনা কল্পনার অবসান ঘটিয়ে, মাল পুরসভার নাম ঘোষণা |url=https://khabarindiaonline.in/2022/03/16/announcing-the-name-of-mal-municipality-putting-an-end-to-speculation/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Khabar India Online |date=16 March 2022}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== [[File:Board Showing New Mal Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]]] [[File:Malbazar Railway Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ]]]] ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ MLBZ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ NMZ) ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (MLBZ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱢ.ᱭᱩ. ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱩᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]-[[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ, ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, [[ᱜᱟᱝᱴᱚᱠ]], [[ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱳᱝ]], ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱳ, ᱥᱤᱝᱴᱟᱢ, ᱡᱚᱨᱮᱛᱷᱚᱝ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱭᱳᱝ, ᱱᱟᱢᱪᱤ, ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱝ, [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]], ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱴᱟᱱᱠᱤ, [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱭᱱᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠᱟᱴᱟ, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱯᱤ/ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ, ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱝ, ᱡᱚᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱮᱰᱚᱝ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ, ᱨᱮᱱᱚᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱚᱝ, ᱟᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱗᱑᱗ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html| title = Doklam effect: Sikkim to get new all-weather highway |date=28 May 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 February 2022}} </ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ, ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ]], [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱗᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ, ᱜᱳ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱥᱴ, ᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱭᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱠᱴ, ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱩᱠ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]], [[ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱽᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱳ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱯᱟᱨᱳ]] (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ), [[ᱞᱚᱠᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱰᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== * ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (CBSE, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ]] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021600404 ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱮᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ) (ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] pqt48pfx2wt86qp91cx0pe6hxmaz51y 191614 191613 2026-05-09T07:37:18Z ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱗ 1744 191614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | other_name = ᱢᱟᱞ | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Murti-malbazar.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ<br/>ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ | governing_body = {{hlist|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ}} | leader_title = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name = ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤ | leader_title1 = ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱯᱟᱛᱤ | leader_name1 = ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Malbazar Info|url=https://malmunicipality.org/placestovisite.php|website=malmunicipality.org|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 3.50 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘<ref name="census2011.co.in">{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801639-mal.html | title=Mal Municipality City Population Census 2011-2022 &#124; West Bengal }}</ref> | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = ᱙᱘᱕᱑ | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=14 August 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ&nbsp;ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info2 = [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱙᱕᱐/᱙᱖᱘ [[ᱠᱚᱲᱟ|♂]]/[[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ|♀]]<ref name="census2011.co.in"/> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank3_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank3_info_sec1 = [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞ (ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ)]] | blank1_name_sec2 = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ | blank1_info_sec2 = ᱘᱘.᱖᱘% | website = [http://www.malmunicipality.org/ www.malmunicipality.org] | footnotes = }} '''ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]<ref>[http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm Administrative setup of Jalpaiguri district] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208201633/http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/MAP2.htm |date=8 December 2008 }} from official website of [[Jalpaiguri District]]</ref> ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞᱤ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱰᱨᱹ ᱚᱢᱚᱞᱮᱱᱫᱩ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ (ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ), ᱫᱮᱵᱟᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱜᱳᱥ (ᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ), ᱰᱨᱹ ᱛᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤ, ᱱᱨᱤᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱷᱟᱠᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=410| height=350| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|26|50|0|N|88|44|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱢᱟᱞ, ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br />CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate<br />Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate, JRS: junction railway station<br />Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1={{coord|26|53|1|N|88|47|53|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Chalsa| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Chalsa, India]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|52|30|N|88|44|10|E}}| label-pos2=top|label2=Malbazar| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Malbazar (CT)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colours --> |mark-coord3={{coord|26|52|6|N|88|48|16|E}}| label-pos3=bottom|label3= Mangalbari| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Mangalbari]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|43|6|N|88|45|57|E}}| label-pos4=bottom|label4= Lataguri| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Lataguri]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|56|49|N|88|48|44|E}}| label-pos5=right|label5= Matelli| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Matialihat]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|52|20|N|88|37|17|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6= Odlabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|37|1|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7= Dakshin Odlabari| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dakshin Odlabari]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|53|57|N|88|35|4|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bagrakote| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bagrakote]] (R)|shape-color8= #A42222 |mark-coord9={{coord|26|50|20|N|88|47|43|E}}| label-pos9=bottom|label9=Batabari TG| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Batabari Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color9= #A42222 |mark-coord10={{coord|26|52|10|N|88|40|1|E}}| label-pos10=top|label10=Dam Dim| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dam Dim]] (R)|shape-color10= #A42222 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|45|5|N|88|35|8|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Gajoldoba| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gajoldoba]] (R)|shape-color11= #A42222 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|54|33|N|88|43|39|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Gurjangjhora TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Gurjangjhora Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color12= #A42222 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|50|15|N|88|49|31|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13=Murti| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Murti, Jalpaiguri]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|53|12|N|88|54|55|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14=Nagrakata| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Nagrakata]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|59|24|N|88|48|42|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Samsing| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Samsing]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|51|52|N|88|54|23|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16=Sulkapara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Sulkapara]] (R)|shape-color16= #A42222 |mark-coord17={{coord|26|56|30|N|88|46|14|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Zurantee TG| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Zurantee Tea Garden]] (R)|shape-color17= #A42222 |mark-coord18={{coord|26|55|13|N|88|41|3|E}}| label-pos18= left |label18= Meenglas TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|51|34|N|88|35|21|E}}| label-pos19= left |label19= Leesh River TE | numbered19=TE| mark-title19= [[Meenglas and Leesh River Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color19=#87A96B |mark-coord20={{coord|26|58|0|N|88|55|10|E}}| label-pos20= bottom |label20= Hope TE | numbered20=TE| mark-title20= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color20=#87A96B |mark-coord21={{coord|26|58|54|N|88|55|39|E}}| label-pos21= right |label21= Jiti TE | numbered21=TE| mark-title21= [[Hope and Jiti Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B |mark-coord22={{coord|26|57|47|N|88|46|59|E}}| label-pos22= left |label22= Chalouni TE | numbered22=TE| mark-title22= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B |mark-coord23={{coord|26|55|0|N|88|47|10|E}}| label-pos23= right |label23= Aibheeli TE | numbered23=TE| mark-title23= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color23=#87A96B |mark-coord24={{coord|26|56|3|N|88|50|15|E}}| label-pos24= right |label24= Chalsa TE | numbered24=TE| mark-title24= [[Chalouni, Aibheel and Chalsa Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color24=#87A96B |mark-coord25={{coord|26|46|20|N|88|48|0|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Gorumara |labela25= National| labelb25= Park| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= [[Gorumara National Park]] (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22 |mark-coord26={{coord|26|54|20|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos26=bottom|label26=Chapramari |labela26= Wildlife| labelb26= Sanctuary| numbered26=NP| mark-title26= [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]] (NP)| shape-color26=#228B22 |mark-coord27={{coord|26|39|40|N|88|38|40|E}}|label27= Teesta River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=60| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|26|49|0|N|88|57|0|E}}|label28= Gatia River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=-45| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |mark-coord29={{coord|26|41|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label29= Jaldhaka River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=80| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none |arc-coordA={{coord|27|1|0|N|88|55|0|E}}|arc-textA= BHUTAN| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{coord|26.85|N|88.75|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=26.85017&lon=88.74724&zoom=14&q1=mal%252C%2520west%2520bengal%252C%2520india |title = Yahoo maps of Mal |publisher = Yahoo maps |access-date = 29 November 2008 }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ – ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱤᱞᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ, ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱤᱱᱫᱩ, ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱩᱱᱛᱟᱞᱮᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱟᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://northbengaltourism.com/malbazar/ |title = Malbazar |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.north-bengal.com/dooars.html |title = Dooars Tour |publisher= North Bengal Tourism | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘.᱖᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑.᱓᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱤ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕,᱒᱑᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱘᱑᱔ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒,᱔᱐᱔ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱖᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐,᱓᱕᱔ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱘᱔.᱖᱑%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱓,᱒᱑᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒,᱑᱑᱑ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑,᱑᱐᱑ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓.᱘᱑%, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑.᱕᱒% ᱦᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗.᱘᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Jalpaiguri District |access-date=23 August 2007 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040713/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_2.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref> ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱢᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name=Census_Language/> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 64.07 |color1 = red |label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.43 |color2 = orange |label3 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value3 = 5.65 |color3 = green |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 5.53 |color4 = pink |label5 = [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] |value5 = 3.68 |color5 = black |label6 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value6 = 4.61 |color6 = white }} [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Census_Language>{{cite web |title=C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10245/download/13357/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref> ==ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ== ᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱣᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wbdma.gov.in/htm/DIS%5CMUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312094524/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Mal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2016 |title=Mal municipality |publisher=Official website of the Department of Municipal Affairs, West Bengal |access-date=29 November 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জল্পনা কল্পনার অবসান ঘটিয়ে, মাল পুরসভার নাম ঘোষণা |url=https://khabarindiaonline.in/2022/03/16/announcing-the-name-of-mal-municipality-putting-an-end-to-speculation/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Khabar India Online |date=16 March 2022}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== [[File:Board Showing New Mal Junction railway station.jpg|thumb|[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]]] [[File:Malbazar Railway Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ]]]] ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ MLBZ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ NMZ) ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (MLBZ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱢ.ᱭᱩ. ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ, ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱩᱠᱛᱚᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]-[[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ, ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, [[ᱜᱟᱝᱴᱚᱠ]], [[ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱳᱝ]], ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱳ, ᱥᱤᱝᱴᱟᱢ, ᱡᱚᱨᱮᱛᱷᱚᱝ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱭᱳᱝ, ᱱᱟᱢᱪᱤ, ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱝ, [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]], ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱴᱟᱱᱠᱤ, [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱭᱱᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱠᱟᱴᱟ, [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ, ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱯᱤ/ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ, ᱥᱤᱞᱚᱝ, ᱡᱚᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ, ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱵᱷᱟ, ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱮᱰᱚᱝ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱚᱝ, ᱨᱮᱱᱚᱠ, ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱚᱝ, ᱟᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱗᱑᱗ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/may/28/doklam-effect-sikkim-to-get-new-all-weather-highway-1820559.html| title = Doklam effect: Sikkim to get new all-weather highway |date=28 May 2018 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=19 February 2022}} </ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱥ, ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱯᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱢᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚᱭᱜᱟᱶ]], [[ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱗᱔ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱨᱟ, ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱜᱳ, ᱜᱳ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱥᱴ, ᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱭᱤ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱱᱮᱠᱴ, ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱩᱠ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]], [[ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱜᱚᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱽᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱟᱡᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱹᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱳ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱯᱟᱨᱳ]] (ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ), [[ᱞᱚᱠᱯᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱰᱚᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]], [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱡᱤ ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱰᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ (ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== * ᱥᱤᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (CBSE, ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ]] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)(ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [https://school.banglarshiksha.gov.in/ws/website/index/19021600404 ᱥᱩᱵᱷᱟᱥᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ] (WBCHSE, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ) (ᱮᱪ.ᱮᱥ.) * [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] eiwf188yuu1wwntoz7tpksz46guq4lm 0 35850 191615 2026-05-09T07:42:01Z MT731 2184 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West B..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 191615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|35|20|N|89|00|25|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhupguri City|url=http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 14.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | population_total = 44719 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]], | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = ᱯᱤᱱ/ᱡᱤᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱑᱐ | area_code_type = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱓ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] | website = {{URL|https://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱫᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[Gandrapara and Lakhipara Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Gandrapara and Lakhipara Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱞᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱫᱩᱰᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱩᱢᱞᱟᱭ, ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱢᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=324437 {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔,᱗᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱒,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱕᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑,᱗᱖᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (᱔᱙%) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱘᱑.᱖᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱒᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱖᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | title = Category, Year of Establishment, Area, SC, ST and total population in ULBs in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 4 December 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5llpyJUdT?url=http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱳᱝᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ (Kamateshwars) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Koch Kingdom) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] |value1 = 94.9 |color1 = blue |label2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ]] |value2 = 3 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value3 = 2.3 |color3 = yellow |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 1.78 |color4 = grey |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value5 = 1.05 |color5 = white }} ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱪᱚᱭᱳᱴᱮ, ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱭᱜᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]]-[[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (DQG) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞ (ᱠᱚᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚ-ᱮᱰ) ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ BBA ᱟᱨ BCA ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱩᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> one nursing home. ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] cizzoi691rmbkl6vmj9rav3kxcpv314 191616 191615 2026-05-09T07:50:46Z MT731 2184 191616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Dhupguri City.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|26|35|20|N|89|00|25|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | governing_body = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Dhupguri City|url=http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 14.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | population_total = 44719 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]], | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = ᱯᱤᱱ/ᱡᱤᱯ ᱠᱳᱰ | postal_code = ᱗᱓᱕᱒᱑᱐ | area_code_type = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱕᱖᱓ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ.)]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱠᱟᱴᱟ (ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.)]] | website = {{URL|https://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=300| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|26|37|0|N|88|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ (ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ'''<br/>CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, R: ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ/ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, C: ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ, NP: ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ/ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ, TE: ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ<br/>ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ – TG ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ / ᱟᱹᱛᱩ), TE ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ, JRS: ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ |mark-coord1={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|27|41|E}}| label-pos1=top|label1= Dabgram| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[ᱫᱟᱵᱽᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|26|39|7|N|88|30|56|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chakiabhita| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[ᱪᱟᱠᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord3={{coord|26|39|35|N|88|28|7|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Binnaguri 2| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT) |mark-coord4={{coord|26|31|52|N|88|42|8|E}}| label-pos4=left|label4=Kharia| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord5={{coord|26|34|0|N|88|49|12|E}}| label-pos5=top|label5=Mainaguri| numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱜᱩᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord6={{coord|26|32|50|N|88|50|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Dakshin Khagrabari| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱵᱟᱲᱤ]] (CT) |mark-coord7={{coord|26|40|48|N|89|1|48|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Gairkata| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] (CT) |mark-coord8={{coord|26|46|40|N|89|2|26|E}}| label-pos8=right|label8=Banarhat| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱦᱟᱴ]] (CT) |mark-coord9={{coord|26|43|30|N|89|3|6|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Telipara TG| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (CT) |mark-coord10={{coord|26|30|10|N|88|43|48|E}}| label-pos10=right |label10=Jalpaiguri| numbered10=M| mark-title10= [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (M)| shape-color10=#800000 |mark-coord11={{coord|26|36|10|N|89|0|25|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Dhupguri| numbered11=M| mark-title11= ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ (M) | shape-color11=#800000 |mark-coord12={{coord|26|45|20|N|89|3|20|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Binnaguri 1| numbered12=C| mark-title12=[[ᱵᱤᱱᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (C)|shape-color12=#AA6666 |mark-coord13={{coord|26|38|19|N|88|24|59|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Phulbari|labela13=checkpoint| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱵᱟᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color13= #A42222 |mark-coord14={{coord|26|34|50|N|88|31|43|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Rajganj| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] (R)|shape-color14= #A42222 |mark-coord15={{coord|26|35|24|N|88|35|20|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15=Belakoba| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱠᱳᱵᱟ]] (R)|shape-color15= #A42222 |mark-coord16={{coord|26|33|31|N|88|41|57|E}}| label-pos16= left |label16= Danguajhar TE | numbered16=TE| mark-title16= [[Danguajhar Tea Estate]] (TE)| shape-color16=#87A96B |mark-coord17={{coord|26|48|17|N|89|0|13|E}}| label-pos17= right |label17= Gandrapara TE | numbered17=TE| mark-title17= [[ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (TE)| shape-color17=#87A96B |mark-coord18={{coord|26|49|45|N|89|0|53|E}}| label-pos18= top |label18= Lakhipara TE | numbered18=TE| mark-title18= [[Gandrapara and Lakhipara Tea Estates]] (TE)| shape-color18=#87A96B |mark-coord19={{coord|26|41|20|N|88|25|50|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=New Jalpaiguri JRS| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (F)| shape-color19= #A40000 |mark-coord20={{coord|26|43|10|N|88|48|10|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Gorumara |labela20= National| labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= [[ᱜᱳᱨᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22 |mark-coord21={{coord|26|52|40|N|88|51|18|E}}| label-pos21=bottom|label21=Chapramari |labela21= Wildlife| labelb21= Sanctuary| numbered21=NP| mark-title21= [[ᱪᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ]] (NP)| shape-color21=#228B22 |mark-coord22={{coord|26|43|43|N|88|35|40|E}}|label22= Teesta| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=60| label-pos22=top| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none |mark-coord23={{coord|26|38|0|N|88|39|40|E}}|label23= River| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=50| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24={{coord|26|39|0|N|88|53|0|E}}|label24= ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ | labela24=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=80| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24=none |arc-coordA={{coord|26|30|0|N|88|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=28| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.4 |arc-coordB={{coord|26|56|30|N|89|6|30|E}}|arc-textB= ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=20| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}} ===ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱖᱒ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱞᱫᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟ, ᱜᱤᱞᱟᱱᱰᱤ, ᱫᱩᱰᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱩᱢᱞᱟᱭ, ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱢᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱩᱵᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |author=Debnath, S. |year=2010 |title=The Dooars in Historical Transition |publisher=Shiv Mandir: N. L. Publishers|url=http://14.139.206.50:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/885/1/THE%20DOOARS%20IN%20HISTORICAL%20TRANSITION.pdf}}</ref><ref>Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001). {{WWF ecoregion|name=Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands|id=im0701}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱒.᱐᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱗.᱙᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="admin">{{cite web | url = http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/district-profile| title = Jalpaiguri | work =District Profile | publisher = District administration |access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.indiatea.org/tea_growing_regions |title = Tea Growing Regions | work= Dooars and Terai|publisher= Indian Tea Association | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.teaboard.gov.in/TEABOARDCSM/MTA=|title = Dooars-Terai |publisher= Tea Board India | access-date = 13 July 2020}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 13 July 2020 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ CT (ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ R (ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ / ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ TE ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <small>ᱱᱳᱴ: ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾</small> ==ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Jalpaiguri |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ=== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=map>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1902_PART_A_DCHB_JALPAIGURI.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, Series 20, Part XIIA| work= Census of India 2011, Fifth page, map of Jalpaiguri district| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 2 July 2020}}</ref> ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=324437 {{dead link|date=January 2018}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱔,᱗᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ: ᱒᱒,᱙᱕᱓ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ (᱕᱑%) ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑,᱗᱖᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (᱔᱙%) ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱗᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱗᱔.᱐᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱘᱑.᱖᱑% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱔.᱒᱑% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱙.᱖᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | title = Category, Year of Establishment, Area, SC, ST and total population in ULBs in West Bengal | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 4 December 2009 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5llpyJUdT?url=http://wbdma.gov.in/pdf/b.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ "ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ" ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱳᱝᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ (Kamateshwars) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ (Koch Kingdom) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱚᱣᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ=== {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] |value1 = 94.9 |color1 = blue |label2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ]] |value2 = 3 |color2 = red |label3 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value3 = 2.3 |color3 = yellow |label4 = [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ]] |value4 = 1.78 |color4 = grey |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ |value5 = 1.05 |color5 = white }} ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱪᱚᱭᱳᱴᱮ, ᱥᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱹᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱮᱭᱜᱳᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ]]-[[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (DQG) ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱞ (ᱠᱚᱱᱪᱮᱱᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱩᱛᱚᱨᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ, ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱭᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ) ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱠᱚ-ᱮᱰ) ᱥᱩᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱞᱚᱭ, ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱟᱛᱷᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱰᱩᱠᱥᱚᱱ, ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱡᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ, ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ BBA ᱟᱨ BCA ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱜᱟᱵᱽᱨᱤᱭᱩᱮᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾[᱑] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 July 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> one nursing home. ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://www.dhupgurimunicipality.org.in/ ᱫᱷᱩᱯᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] m666n40srvdszlisuozqz834o3ugae0 0 35851 191617 2026-05-09T07:55:30Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}}|synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ|image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg|caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ|field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]]|symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱡᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]],<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref>|onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ|diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]]<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|differential=|prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|treatment=|medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]]<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)<ref name="Daily 2025" />|deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕)<ref name="Daily 2025" />|alt=}}'''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Briefing-2024">{{Cite web|title=Current state: The malaria situation worldwide|url=https://worldmalariareport2024.org/|access-date=2026-01-06|website=WHO: World Malaria Report Global Briefing Kit 2024|language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Briefing-2024" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ;<ref name="Gollin-2007" /><ref name="Worrall-2005" /> [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Greenwood-2005" /> [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] k2iqlvgtt7vqn6dyvmbde5i8nafown4 191618 191617 2026-05-09T07:59:03Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]],<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]]<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]]<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Briefing-2024">{{Cite web|title=Current state: The malaria situation worldwide|url=https://worldmalariareport2024.org/|access-date=2026-01-06|website=WHO: World Malaria Report Global Briefing Kit 2024|language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Briefing-2024" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ;<ref name="Gollin-2007" /><ref name="Worrall-2005" /> [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Greenwood-2005" /> [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] qoi7pqce0g5ovx5a2v4semsqcgn2vcs 191619 191618 2026-05-09T08:01:53Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]],<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]]<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]]<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] l3t8tx5hc8j6ta5dk0fmxhhnerxq530 191620 191619 2026-05-09T08:02:32Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]],<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]]<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ<ref name="Caraballo-2014" />|treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]]<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" />|frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕)<ref name="Daily 2025" /> |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] 2oa6pn92pqealg72ylscwf0w3lrhjhg 191621 191620 2026-05-09T08:07:39Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]], [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]] |differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ |treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]] |frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖) |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕) |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] 15y5d2zke8yp0twt7h7s3ojnzr27q8e 191622 191621 2026-05-09T08:12:00Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]], [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]] |differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ |treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]] |frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖) |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕) |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] ==ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== [[File:Symptoms of Malaria.png|thumb|upright=1.15|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ; ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱤᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 Mar 2024 |title=Symptoms of Malaria |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/symptoms/index.html |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱯᱥᱤᱥ, ᱜᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ - ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱯᱟᱨᱳᱠᱥᱤᱥᱢᱟᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱠᱥ)᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] i8je9ip7g2i3wcazq83vfwzbn9w544a 191623 191622 2026-05-09T08:12:36Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]], [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]] |differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ |treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]] |frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖) |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕) |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /><ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /><ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Factsheet-2025" /> ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] ==ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== [[File:Symptoms of Malaria.png|thumb|upright=1.15|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ; ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱤᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 Mar 2024 |title=Symptoms of Malaria |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/symptoms/index.html |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱯᱥᱤᱥ, ᱜᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ - ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱯᱟᱨᱳᱠᱥᱤᱥᱢᱟᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱠᱥ)᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] 23jc0hoeojh764fdhfpjypf44t4p7pc 191624 191623 2026-05-09T08:14:09Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ |pronounce={{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}} |synonym=ᱮᱜᱩ, ᱯᱮᱞᱩᱰᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ |image=Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell (34034143483).jpg |caption=[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ]] ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ [[ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ |field=[[ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ)|ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] |symptoms=ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ: ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ |complications=[[ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ|ᱠᱷᱤᱸᱪᱟᱹᱣ]], [[ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ|ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ]], [[ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ|ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ]], [[ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref>{{cite news |publisher=ᱢᱮᱭᱳ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠ |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |title=Malaria |date= |access-date=2022-06-04 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702235123/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184 |url-status=live}}</ref> |onset=ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ |duration=ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ|causes=''[[ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ]]'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ |risks=ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ |diagnosis=ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ, [[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ|ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]] |differential= |prevention=[[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱞᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]], ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ |treatment= |medication=[[ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ]] |frequency=᱒᱘᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱖) |deaths=᱖᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱕) |alt=}} '''ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO-Vector-2023">{{cite web|title=Vector-borne diseases|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|access-date=2022-04-24|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001515/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟ, ᱩᱞᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ]]᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caraballo H, King K |date=May 2014 |title=Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus |url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |url-status=live |journal=Emergency Medicine Practice |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1–23; quiz 23–24 |pmid=25207355 |s2cid=23716674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801202316/http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405 |archive-date=2016-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Basu S, Sahi PK |date=July 2017 |title=Malaria: An Update |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=84 |issue=7 |pages=521–528 |doi=10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2 |pmid=28357581 |s2cid=11461451}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱚᱨᱚᱜ, ᱵᱮ-ᱦᱚᱸᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact sheet about malaria|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|access-date=2024-05-10|publisher=World Health Organization|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="CDC-FAQ-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|title=CDC - Malaria - FAQs|date=28 June 2023|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513112631/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱥᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ''ᱮᱱᱳᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱥ'' ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walter K, John CC |date=February 2022 |title=Malaria |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=6 |page=597 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21468 |hdl=1805/37679 |pmid=35133414 |s2cid=246651569 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lifecycle of the malaria parasite|url=https://www.mmv.org/malaria/about-malaria/lifecycle-malaria-parasite|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Medicines for Malaria Venture|language=en}}</ref> ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malaria factsheet|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaria-prevention-transmission-symptoms/malaria-transmission-incubation-period-symptoms|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Public Health England|language=en}}</ref> ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ: ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ), ''ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱠᱥ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤ'' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ-ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾<ref>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization|title=Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|access-date=2024-02-19|archive-date=2024-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222024003/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/global-technical-strategy-for-malaria-2016-2030.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤ. ᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱥᱠᱳᱯᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱴᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱨᱮᱯᱤᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ ᱧᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱚᱰᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱩᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Nadjm-2012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |date=June 2012 |title=Malaria: an update for physicians |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–259 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010 |pmid=22632637}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱲᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾<ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="WHO recommends R21-2023">{{cite web|title=WHO recommends R21/Matrix-M vaccine for malaria prevention in updated advice on immunization|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|access-date=8 December 2023|date=2 October 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003232601/https://www.who.int/news/item/02-10-2023-who-recommends-r21-matrix-m-vaccine-for-malaria-prevention-in-updated-advice-on-immunization|url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳᱠᱩᱭᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ''ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱥᱤᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱢᱤᱥᱤᱱᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱢᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html|access-date=2026-01-08|website=Centers for Disease Control and Treatment|language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Baiden F, Malm KL, Binka F|chapter=Malaria|veditors=Detels R, Karim QA, Baum F, Li L, Leyland AH|title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health|date=2021|pages=227–248|isbn=978-0-19-881680-5|doi=10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0073|edition=7th}}</ref><ref name="Caraballo-2014" /> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐ lazy ᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱙᱗,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱙᱕% ᱠᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ; [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ) ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱨᱮᱫ:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Malaria.webm|thumbtime=0:02|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ([[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:VideoWiki/Malaria|ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ]])]] ==ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== [[File:Symptoms of Malaria.png|thumb|upright=1.15|ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ, ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱥᱩ, ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ; ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱤᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 Mar 2024 |title=Symptoms of Malaria |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/symptoms/index.html |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱯᱥᱤᱥ, ᱜᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱯᱷᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ - ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱨ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱯᱟᱨᱳᱠᱥᱤᱥᱢᱟᱞ ᱮᱴᱟᱠᱥ)᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == * [https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-malaria-day/2026 Driven to End Malaria.] Now We Can. Now We Must. * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502021814/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria|date=2020-05-02}}) * [https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html ᱢᱮᱞᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] ccozu0rtbmxxomazevc1k0c4paughp2 0 35852 191625 2026-05-09T08:22:08Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = [[ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ]], [[ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ]], [[ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ]] | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ]] [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]] ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} eeoy9i9ysk1ww7d3hcrknvuoomt9fk8 191626 191625 2026-05-09T08:25:07Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} hyqjvufgibkf4smhssx9lek7natdbul 191627 191626 2026-05-09T08:28:35Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 + 191627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱤ᱖ᱯᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ|G6PD ᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ (ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gondal B, Aronsohn A | title = A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice | journal = Seminars in Interventional Radiology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–258 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27904243 | pmc = 5088098 | doi = 10.1055/s-0036-1592331 }}</ref> ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓ mg/dl ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ (ᱮᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱡ (ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Goroll AH |title= Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient |date= 2009 |publisher= Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location= Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-7513-7 |page= 496 |edition= 6th |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = James WD |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology|date=2006|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|others=Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B.|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=62736861}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bassari R, Koea JB | title = Jaundice associated pruritis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1404–1413 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25663760 | pmc = 4316083 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ" ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = McGee SR |title=Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-39276-1 |pages=59–68 |edition=4th |chapter=Jaundice}}</ref> ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ, ᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1=Malone Mukwende |title=Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin |url=https://sgul.figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Mind_the_Gap_A_handbook_of_clinical_signs_in_Black_and_Brown_skin/12769988 |website=St George's University of London |date=2020 |doi=10.24376/rd.sgul.12769988.v1 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ferdinand |first=Joshua |title=Recognising Clinical Signs and Symptoms on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Skin Types |journal=Atomic Academia |date=2024 |doi=10.62594/LTHW5053}}</ref> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Neville BW |title=Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-981-4371-07-0 |edition=3rd |location=Singapore |page=798 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ([[ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin SB, Karp JM, Benzley LP | title = Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and early childhood caries in a diverse group of neonates | journal = American Journal of Perinatology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–397 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20013583 | pmc = 3264945 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243314 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} o422zxn5kkxroq25atiwy3fn67ws8dn 191628 191627 2026-05-09T08:29:25Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 added [[Category:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 191628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱤ᱖ᱯᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ|G6PD ᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ (ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gondal B, Aronsohn A | title = A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice | journal = Seminars in Interventional Radiology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–258 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27904243 | pmc = 5088098 | doi = 10.1055/s-0036-1592331 }}</ref> ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓ mg/dl ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ (ᱮᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱡ (ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Goroll AH |title= Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient |date= 2009 |publisher= Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location= Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-7513-7 |page= 496 |edition= 6th |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = James WD |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology|date=2006|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|others=Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B.|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=62736861}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bassari R, Koea JB | title = Jaundice associated pruritis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1404–1413 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25663760 | pmc = 4316083 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ" ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = McGee SR |title=Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-39276-1 |pages=59–68 |edition=4th |chapter=Jaundice}}</ref> ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ, ᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1=Malone Mukwende |title=Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin |url=https://sgul.figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Mind_the_Gap_A_handbook_of_clinical_signs_in_Black_and_Brown_skin/12769988 |website=St George's University of London |date=2020 |doi=10.24376/rd.sgul.12769988.v1 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ferdinand |first=Joshua |title=Recognising Clinical Signs and Symptoms on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Skin Types |journal=Atomic Academia |date=2024 |doi=10.62594/LTHW5053}}</ref> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Neville BW |title=Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-981-4371-07-0 |edition=3rd |location=Singapore |page=798 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ([[ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin SB, Karp JM, Benzley LP | title = Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and early childhood caries in a diverse group of neonates | journal = American Journal of Perinatology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–397 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20013583 | pmc = 3264945 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243314 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] 25q1knj8la100m32oe9f92cf89k8q7p 191629 191628 2026-05-09T08:29:56Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱤ᱖ᱯᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ|G6PD ᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ (ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gondal B, Aronsohn A | title = A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice | journal = Seminars in Interventional Radiology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–258 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27904243 | pmc = 5088098 | doi = 10.1055/s-0036-1592331 }}</ref> ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓ mg/dl ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ (ᱮᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱡ (ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Goroll AH |title= Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient |date= 2009 |publisher= Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location= Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-7513-7 |page= 496 |edition= 6th |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = James WD |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology|date=2006|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|others=Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B.|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=62736861}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bassari R, Koea JB | title = Jaundice associated pruritis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1404–1413 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25663760 | pmc = 4316083 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ" ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = McGee SR |title=Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-39276-1 |pages=59–68 |edition=4th |chapter=Jaundice}}</ref> ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ, ᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1=Malone Mukwende |title=Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin |url=https://sgul.figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Mind_the_Gap_A_handbook_of_clinical_signs_in_Black_and_Brown_skin/12769988 |website=St George's University of London |date=2020 |doi=10.24376/rd.sgul.12769988.v1 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ferdinand |first=Joshua |title=Recognising Clinical Signs and Symptoms on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Skin Types |journal=Atomic Academia |date=2024 |doi=10.62594/LTHW5053}}</ref> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Neville BW |title=Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-981-4371-07-0 |edition=3rd |location=Singapore |page=798 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ)᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin SB, Karp JM, Benzley LP | title = Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and early childhood caries in a diverse group of neonates | journal = American Journal of Perinatology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–397 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20013583 | pmc = 3264945 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243314 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] hgq3ww77nvyzvcw4p6m0jepuwobh0it 191630 191629 2026-05-09T08:31:09Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 191630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | synonyms = ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ziebert M | chapter = Jaundice | veditors = Torre DM, Lamb GC, van Ruiswyk J, Schapira RM |title=Kochar's Clinical Medicine for Students |date=2009 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-6699-9 |page=101 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S0Jz_3WEPYMC&pg=PA101 |language=en}}</ref> | image = Jaundice08.jpg | caption = ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ | field = ᱜᱟᱥᱴᱨᱳᱮᱱᱴᱮᱨᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɔː|n|d|ᱤ|ᱥ}} {{respell|JAWN|diss}} | symptoms = ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱫ]] ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱵᱟᱵᱟ<ref name=Bas2015/><ref name=NIH2016/> | complications = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱟᱨᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ|ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | risks = [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ]], [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ | diagnosis = ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ, [[ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱮᱞ]]<ref name=NIH2016/> | differential = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ<ref name=Rog2004/> | prevention = | treatment = ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ<ref name=Fer2014/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="NIH2016">{{cite web |title=Jaundice |date=25 June 2025 |url=https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine|access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="But2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Buttaro TM, Trybulski JA, Polgar-Bailey P, Sandberg-Cook J |title=Primary Care: A Collaborative Practice|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-07585-5|page=690|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBcHR-wQOWQC&pg=PA690|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱳᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ, ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Al-Tubaikh JA |date=2017 |title= Internal Medicine|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4|isbn=978-3-319-39746-7}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱢᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱘᱐% ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kap2017">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00097-4 |chapter=Hereditary Contribution to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia |title=Fetal and Neonatal Physiology |date=2017 |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |last2=Hammerman |first2=Cathy |pages=933–942.e3 |isbn=978-0-323-35214-7 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ,<ref name="Bas2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bassari R, Koea JB|date=February 2015|title=Jaundice associated {{sic|hide=y|pruritis}}: a review of pathophysiology and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=21|issue=5|pages=1404–1413|doi=10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404|pmc=4316083|pmid=25663760 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱐ mg/dl (᱑᱗ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱒-᱓ mg/dl (᱓᱔-᱕᱑ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Roger J |title=Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-856782-0|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=2LB0PC17uFsC&pg=PA758|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref name=CMAJ2015/> ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ᱾<ref name=Win2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Winger J, Michelfelder A | title = Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice | journal = Primary Care | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = viii, 469–482 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21872092 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2011.05.004 }}</ref> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Win2011/> ᱟᱱᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱪᱟᱣ, ᱜᱤᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱨᱳᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/><ref name=Win2011/> ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱮᱯᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫᱚᱜ<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱞᱥᱴᱳᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱮᱱᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱴᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Rog2004/> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ — ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ᱾<ref name="Rog2004" /> ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱰᱟᱠᱴ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014/> ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱷᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Fer2014>{{cite book | vauthors = Ferri FF |title= Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015: 5 Books in 1 |date= 2014 |publisher= Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn= 978-0-323-08430-7 |page= 672 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA672 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱛᱷᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱔-᱒᱑ mg/dl (᱖᱘-᱓᱖᱕ μmol/L) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=CMAJ2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maisels MJ | title = Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge | journal = CMAJ | volume = 187 | issue = 5 | pages = 335–343 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25384650 | pmc = 4361106 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.122117 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱵᱞᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ, ᱟᱨᱥᱳᱰᱤᱭᱳᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱞᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱳᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱜᱳᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name=Bas2015/> 'ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[wikt:jaune#French|jaunisse]]'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ'᱾<ref>{{cite book |title= Dr. Chase's Family Physician, Farrier, Bee-keeper, and Second Receipt Book: Being an Entirely New and Complete Treatise ... |date= 1873 |publisher= Chase Publishing Company |page= 542 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |language= en |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bC7iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-1-4377-0774-8.10017-x |chapter=Jaundice |title=Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease |date=2011 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Kara M. |last2=Gourley |first2=Glenn R. |pages=176–186.e3 |isbn=978-1-4377-0774-8 }}</ref> == ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Jaundice.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱤ᱖ᱯᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ|G6PD ᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ (ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gondal B, Aronsohn A | title = A Systematic Approach to Patients with Jaundice | journal = Seminars in Interventional Radiology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 253–258 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27904243 | pmc = 5088098 | doi = 10.1055/s-0036-1592331 }}</ref> ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓ mg/dl ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱲᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱰᱩ (ᱮᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱡ (ᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Goroll AH |title= Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient |date= 2009 |publisher= Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location= Philadelphia |isbn= 978-0-7817-7513-7 |page= 496 |edition= 6th |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908204555/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIZvJPcSEXMC&pg=PA496 |archive-date= 2017-09-08 }}</ref> ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = James WD |title=Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology|date=2006|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|others=Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B.|isbn=0-7216-2921-0|edition=10th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=62736861}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bassari R, Koea JB | title = Jaundice associated pruritis: a review of pathophysiology and treatment | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1404–1413 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25663760 | pmc = 4316083 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱢᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ" ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱚᱝᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱤᱠᱴᱮᱨᱟᱥ᱾<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = McGee SR |title=Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis |date=2018 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-39276-1 |pages=59–68 |edition=4th |chapter=Jaundice}}</ref> ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱞᱮᱨᱟ, ᱛᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |author1=Malone Mukwende |title=Mind the Gap: A handbook of clinical signs in Black and Brown skin |url=https://sgul.figshare.com/articles/online_resource/Mind_the_Gap_A_handbook_of_clinical_signs_in_Black_and_Brown_skin/12769988 |website=St George's University of London |date=2020 |doi=10.24376/rd.sgul.12769988.v1 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ferdinand |first=Joshua |title=Recognising Clinical Signs and Symptoms on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Skin Types |journal=Atomic Academia |date=2024 |doi=10.62594/LTHW5053}}</ref> ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ᱾ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Neville BW |title=Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology |publisher=Elsevier |year=2012 |isbn=978-981-4371-07-0 |edition=3rd |location=Singapore |page=798 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱨᱩᱵᱤᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱢᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱳᱯᱞᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ)᱾<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Amin SB, Karp JM, Benzley LP | title = Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and early childhood caries in a diverse group of neonates | journal = American Journal of Perinatology | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–397 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20013583 | pmc = 3264945 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243314 }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]] 8phyzxzpn6fdj5rc3lbxwjyv6wta8jo