ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.4 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 387 200626 200539 2026-11-11T20:16:23Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261111sim) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 200626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent | name = ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ | image = Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg | area = {{circa}} {{Convert|10,186,000|km2}} (᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ){{ref label|footnote_a|a}} | population = {{UN_Population|Europe}} ({{UN_Population|Year}}; [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]){{UN_Population|ref}} | population_density = ᱗᱒.᱙/km² (᱑᱘᱘/sq mi) (᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ) | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|[[US$|$]]᱔᱓.᱕᱓ ᱴᱨᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ; [[ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ (PPP)|᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|title=GDP PPP, current prices|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001107/https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPGDP@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | GDP_nominal = $᱒᱘.᱒᱒ ᱴᱨᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ; [[ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱳᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ)|᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]])<ref>{{cite web|title=GDP Nominal, current prices|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225211431/https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_per_capita = $᱓᱘,᱒᱗᱐ (᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ; [[ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱡᱤᱰᱤᱯᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]){{ref label|footnote_c|c}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|title=Nominal GDP per capita|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111084550/https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI = {{increase}} ᱐.᱘᱔᱕<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/|title=Reports |website=Human Development Reports |date=January 2011 |access-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709095716/http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/|archive-date=9 July 2012}}</ref> | religions = {{unbulleted list | [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] (᱗᱖.᱒%) | [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱦᱤᱱ|ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱦᱤᱱ]] (᱑᱘.᱓%) | [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] (᱔.᱙%) | [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ]] (᱐.᱖%) }} | demonym = [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] | countries = [[ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ|᱔᱔–᱕᱐]])<!-- Note: The smaller figure denotes the number of European countries as defined by the United Nations geoscheme. The greater figure indicates the inclusion of several transcontinental countries and European countries in political and/or cultural geography. --><br />[[ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ|ᱫᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱳ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱳ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ|᱒–᱕]])<!-- Note: The greater figure indicates the inclusion of European de facto states in political and/or cultural geography. --> | dependencies = [[ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ|᱕–᱖]])<!-- Note: External territories are country-like dependencies. The greater figure indicates the inclusion of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. --><br />[[ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ|᱓]])<!-- Note: Internal territories are areas of special sovereignty which form a constituent part of their sovereign state. --> | languages = [[ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]: {{hlist <!-- Note: according to [[Languages of Europe#List of languages]], ordered by number of L1 speakers. --> |[[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ]] |[[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] |[[ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ]] |[[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱥ]] |[[ᱤᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |[[ᱰᱟᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱰᱟᱪ]] |[[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱳ-ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱳ-ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] }} | time_zones = [[UTC−01:00|UTC−᱑]]<!--Azores--> ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[UTC+05:00|UTC+᱕]]<!--Russia--> | cities = [[ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ]]:<ref name="Urban">{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas|publisher=Demographia|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=3 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>{{hlist <!--1-->|[[ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱳ]]<!--18.5 million--> <!--2-->|[[ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ]]<!--14.7 million-->{{ref label|footnote_b|b}} <!--3-->|[[ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]]<!--11.3 million--> <!--4-->|[[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ]]<!--11.2 million--> <!--5-->|[[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫᱽ]]<!--7.0 million--> <!--6-->|[[ᱮᱥᱮᱱ]]-[[ᱰᱩᱥᱮᱞᱰᱳᱨᱯᱷ]]<!--6.9 million--> <!--7-->|[[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ]]<!--5.9 million--> <!--8-->|[[ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱱ]]<!--5.6 million--> <!--9-->|[[ᱵᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞᱳᱱᱟ]]<!--5.5 million--> <!--10-->|[[ᱵᱟᱨᱞᱤᱱ]]<!--4.4 million--> }} | m49_code = <code>150</code> – ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ<br /><code>001</code> – [[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ]] | footnotes = {{unbulleted list|style=font-size:90%; |a. {{note|footnote_a}} ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ (transcontinental) ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{cref2|n|1}} |b. {{note|footnote_b}} ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ |c. {{note|footnote_c}} ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱞ (IMF) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ "ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ" ᱾}} }} '''ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱨᱫᱷᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱨᱫᱷᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱥ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱛᱮᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ (ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ), ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱳ-ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Europe|title=Europe|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330175836/https://www.britannica.com/place/Europe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Europe: Human Geography {{!}} National Geographic Society |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/europe-human-geography/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org}}</ref> ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱭᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱠᱮᱥᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱜᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ, ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="NatlGeoAtlas">{{Cite book|title=National Geographic Atlas of the World|edition=7th|year=1999|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|isbn=978-0-7922-7528-2}} "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."</ref> ==ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ== == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ === [[File:Lascaux painting.jpg|thumb|[[ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱥᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱵᱷᱮᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ (c. ᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.)]] [[File:Stonehenge, Condado de Wiltshire, Inglaterra, 2014-08-12, DD 09.JPG|thumb|ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱳᱱᱦᱮᱸᱡᱽ (᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱤ. ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ)]] ᱯᱞᱟᱭᱤᱥᱴᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒.᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱕ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ (ᱠᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ, ᱥᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱪᱟᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱩᱨᱜᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐–᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱦᱤᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/quaternary|title=Quaternary Period|magazine=National Geographic|date=6 January 2017|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129042714/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/quaternary/}}</ref> ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱣᱟᱴᱟᱨᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱞᱳᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=How long can we expect the present Interglacial period to last? |url=https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-long-can-we-expect-present-interglacial-period-last |work=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726044340/http://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-long-can-we-expect-present-interglacial-period-last |url-status=live }}</ref> ''ᱦᱳᱢᱳ ᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱥ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱠᱟᱥ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑.᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱳᱢᱤᱱᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=A. Vekua |author2=D. Lordkipanidze |author3=G.P. Rightmire |author4=J. Agusti |author5=R. Ferring |author6=G. Maisuradze |s2cid=32726786 | year = 2002 | title = A new skull of early ''Homo'' from Dmanisi, Georgia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2002-07-05_297_5578/page/85 | journal = Science | volume = 297 | pages = 85–89 | doi = 10.1126/science.1072953 | pmid = 12098694 | issue = 5578 |display-authors=etal|bibcode=2002Sci...297...85V }}</ref> ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱑ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢᱤᱱᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱯᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱟᱯᱩᱭᱮᱨᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6256356.stm The million year old tooth from] . {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113104415/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6256356.stm |date=13 January 2018 }}. [[Atapuerca Mountains|Atapuerca]], [[Spain]], found in June 2007.</ref> ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ([[ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱛᱟᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ (᱑᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/health/neanderthal-child-eaten-by-giant-bird/index.html|title=Bones reveal Neanderthal child was eaten by a giant bird|first=Ashley|last=Strickland|website=CNN|date=10 October 2018|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707235740/https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/10/health/neanderthal-child-eaten-by-giant-bird/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱳᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ,<ref>{{cite news |title=Neanderthals Died Out 10,000 Years Earlier Than Thought, With Help From Modern Humans |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/140820-neanderthal-dating-bones-archaeology-science |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218071546/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/140820-neanderthal-dating-bones-archaeology-science |archive-date=18 February 2021 |work=National Geographic |date=21 August 2014}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱵᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱛᱷᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ (ᱠᱨᱳ-ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱚᱱ) ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱔᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="natgeo 21">National Geographic, 21.</ref> ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱳᱢᱳ ᱥᱮᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡᱽ ᱕᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01593-3 | title=My work digging up the shelters of our ancestors | year=2022 | last1=Fleming | first1=Nic | journal=Nature | volume=606 | issue=7916 | page=1035 | pmid=35676354 | bibcode=2022Natur.606.1035F | s2cid=249520231 | doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱔᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱯᱟᱨᱳ ᱢᱳᱪᱤ ([[ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ]]), ᱜᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱠᱞᱳᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱮ ([[ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ]]), ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱛᱩᱨᱤᱛᱡᱽ ([[ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ]]) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=range>{{cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Qiaomei |display-authors=etal|title=The genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia |journal=Nature |volume=514 |issue=7523 |pages=445–449 |date=23 October 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature13810|pmid=25341783 |pmc=4753769 |bibcode=2014Natur.514..445F |hdl=10550/42071 }}</ref><ref>42.7–41.5 ka ([[68–95–99.7 rule|1σ CI]]). {{cite journal | last1 = Douka | first1 = Katerina | display-authors = etal | year = 2012| title = A new chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo Mochi (Italy) | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 62 | issue = 2| pages = 286–299 | doi = 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.009 | pmid = 22189428 | bibcode = 2012JHumE..62..286D }}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ== [[ᱨᱮᱫ:V-Dem_Electoral_Democracy_Index_2026_Europe.svg|thumb|᱒᱐᱒᱖ V-Dem ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱞᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ<ref name="j4962">{{cite web|title=Democracy Report 2026, Unraveling The Democratic Era?|url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf|access-date=2026-03-17|archive-date=17 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260317204701/https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>]] ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱳᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ; ᱑᱘᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱟᱱ) ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱗ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ-ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱒᱙ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ-ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱑ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱡᱳᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱳᱨᱰᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ, ᱵᱮᱱᱮᱞᱚᱠᱥ, ᱵᱟᱞᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱥᱮᱢᱵᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱜᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ V-Dem ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ, ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="j4962" /> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ== ==ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ== ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ==ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ== {{Main|ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ}} * [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ]] * [[ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ|ᱜᱨᱤᱥ]] * [[ᱟᱞᱵᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ|ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ|ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱨᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ]] * [[ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟᱥ]] * [[ᱥᱩᱭᱡᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ|ᱥᱣᱤᱡᱚᱨᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱥᱣᱤᱰᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ|ᱥᱯᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱦᱟᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤ|ᱦᱚᱝᱜᱮᱨᱤ]] * [[ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ|ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱤᱣᱠᱨᱮᱱ|ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ|ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ|ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ]] * [[ᱰᱮᱱᱢᱟᱨᱠ]] * [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] * [[ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ|ᱱᱮᱫᱚᱨᱞᱟᱸᱰ]] * [[ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ]] * [[ᱵᱮᱞᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] * [[ᱟᱡᱟᱨᱵᱟᱭᱡᱟᱱ]] (transcontinental country) * [[ᱵᱚᱥᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱡᱮᱜᱳᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟ]] * [[ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ]] * [[ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] (transcontinental country) * [[ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] (transcontinental country) * [[ᱞᱟᱛᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱤᱪᱮᱱᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] * [[ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱞᱩᱠᱥᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱞᱫᱳᱵᱷᱟ]] * [[ᱢᱳᱱᱟᱠᱳ]] * [[ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱮᱱᱤᱜᱨᱳ]] * [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱥᱤᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱᱳ]] * [[ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱥᱞᱳᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ]] ==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ '''ᱤᱱᱰᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ''' ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱥᱞᱟᱵᱷᱤᱠ]], [[ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ]] ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ 200 ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ/ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ== {{multiple image | align = center | direction = square | caption_align = center | header = ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | header_align = left/right/center | image1 = Business Centre of Moscow 2.jpg | width1 = 200 | alt1 = Moscow International Business Center | caption1 = [[ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ]] | image2 = View of Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire.jpg | alt2 = Levent | width2 = 189 | caption2 = [[ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ]]{{ref label|footnote_b|b}} | image3 = Super moon over City of London from Tate Modern 2018-01-31 4.jpg | alt3 = City of London | width3 = 237 | caption3 = [[ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]] | image4 = Twilight in La Défense, Paris 2014.jpg | alt4 = La Défense | width4 = 201 | caption4 = [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ]] }} ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ [[ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ]], [[ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ]], [[ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ,<ref name="UN WUP 2016">{{cite web|title=The World's Cities in 2016|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations]]|page=11|date=2016}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=Istanbul one of four anchor megacities of Europe: Research|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-one-of-four-anchor-megacities-of-europe-research--92496|work=Hürriyet Daily News|date=14 December 2015|language=en}}</ref> ᱟᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱵᱩᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱠᱚ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱤᱴᱚᱨᱥᱵᱚᱨᱜᱽ]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫᱽ|ᱢᱮᱰᱨᱤᱰ]], [[ᱵᱚᱨᱞᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱳᱢ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="UN WUP 2016"/> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Sister project links|auto=1}} * {{GovPubs|Europe}} * {{Britannica|195686}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] tlro7aq4x4ylqvehnj821yglcnfripj 0 4617 200625 129020 2026-11-11T12:35:47Z ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱰᱩᱜᱩ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ 11908 /* ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ 200625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Odisha#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|21.63|N|85.58|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱞᱟᱹ|ᱠᱮᱶᱡᱷᱚᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =96.4 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 596 | population_total = 90590 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 2295 | population_rank = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱕᱘᱐᱐᱑, ᱗᱕᱘᱐᱐᱒, ᱗᱕᱘᱐᱑᱓ | registration_plate = OR-09, OD-09 | website = {{URL|http://kendujhar.nic.in/}} | footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] }} '''ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱠᱩᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱔᱐ ᱠᱤᱹ ᱢᱤᱹ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱲᱚᱫᱮᱵᱽᱡᱤᱣᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱩᱣᱟᱥ, ᱥᱟᱱᱚᱜᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱵᱚᱰᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱷᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱢᱧᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱛᱟᱵᱽᱫᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱤᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱡᱭᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱺᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱖᱘᱘-᱑᱗᱐᱐) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱐᱐-᱑᱗᱑᱙) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱑᱙-᱑᱗᱓᱖) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱥᱤᱝᱦᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱓᱖-᱑᱗᱕᱗) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱕᱗-᱑᱗᱕᱘) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱛᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱕᱘-᱑᱗᱖᱒) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱵᱚᱲᱚᱵᱷᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱖᱔-᱑᱗᱙᱒) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ (᱑᱗᱖᱒-᱑᱗᱙᱗) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱱᱟᱨᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ (᱑᱗᱙᱔-᱑᱘᱒᱕) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ (᱑᱗᱙᱗-᱑᱘᱓᱒) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱫᱟᱫᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽᱫᱮᱣ (᱑᱘᱒᱕-᱑᱘᱖᱑) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ (᱑᱘᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱖᱑) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱩᱨᱡᱚᱭ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽᱫᱮᱣ (᱑᱘᱖᱑-᱑᱙᱐᱕) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽᱫᱮᱣ (᱑᱙᱐᱕-᱑᱙᱒᱖) * ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱲᱚᱵᱷᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽᱫᱮᱣ (᱑᱙᱒᱖-᱑᱙᱔᱘) ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱮᱛ ᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱒᱑ᱹ᱖᱕ ᱩᱛᱚᱨ ᱘᱕ᱹ᱖᱐ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱙᱖ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ, ᱵᱤᱨ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ , ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱕᱐᱔᱓ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ <ref name=sens>{{cite web|title=way back machine - ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱥ ᱳᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|accessdate=24 September 2015|archive-date=16 June 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱑ᱹ᱒᱔% ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟᱨᱮ ᱔᱘ᱹ᱗᱖% ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱒ᱹ᱐᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ -᱗ᱹ᱒᱔% ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱐ᱹ᱘᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱑ᱹ᱒᱒% ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱑ᱹ᱖᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱠᱷᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=sens/> ==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ== ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ== * '''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ''' ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱟ,ᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱯᱩᱸᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱛᱮ ᱑᱐᱘᱗᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱑᱑ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱲᱚᱫᱮᱵᱽᱡᱤᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ==ᱧᱮᱢᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ== * '''ᱵᱚᱲᱚᱫᱮᱵᱽᱡᱤᱣ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ''' ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱛᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱩ ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱛ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱞᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱷᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱷᱚ ᱠᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾ * '''ᱥᱟᱱᱜᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ''' ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱖ ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ/ᱡᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ * '''ᱵᱚᱰᱚᱜᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ''' ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱙ ᱠᱤᱹᱢᱤᱹ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://kendujhar.nic.in]</ref> [[File:Badaghagara Kendujhar.jpg|thumb|right|ᱵᱚᱰᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱ, ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱩᱡᱷᱚᱨ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Wikivoyage|ᱠᱮᱶᱡᱷᱚᱨ}} * [http://www.maplandia.com/india/orissa/kendujhar/ Satellite map] * [http://kendujhar.nic.in/ Government of India website for Kendujhar] btsufpd4eviznfbp15mmdq7ugtmul1t 0 37970 200628 198116 2026-11-11T20:27:14Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261111sim) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 200628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ (᱑᱙᱓᱐–᱒᱐᱒᱑)}} {{Infobox officeholder | office = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱗ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱴᱳᱨᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ | image = Soli Sorabjee lecture (cropped).jpg | term = ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ - ᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | prime_minister = [[ᱚᱴᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱯᱮᱭᱤ]] | predecessor = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠ ᱫᱮᱥᱟᱭ]] | successor = [[ᱢᱤᱞᱳᱱ ᱠᱮ. ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] | term1 = ᱙ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ - ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ | prime_minister1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱯᱤ. ᱥᱤᱝ]] | predecessor1 = [[ᱠᱮ. ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱ]] | successor1 = ᱡᱤ. ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date|1930|3|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ|ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ]], [[ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ]], [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|4|30|1930|3|9|df=y}} | death_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | caption = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ | alt = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ | awards = [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ]]<br/>[[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ]]<br/>[[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] }} '''ᱥᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ''', [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱮᱢ.ᱮ.]] (᱙ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ - ᱓᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱴᱚᱨᱱᱤ-ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Aneesha |last2=Sharma |first2=Nalini |date=30 April 2021 |title=Soli Sorabjee, former Attorney General of India, passes away after contracting Covid-19 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/soli-sorabjee-dies-suffering-from-covid19-1796522-2021-04-30 |access-date=9 April 2025 |website=India Today}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-attorney-general-soli-j-sorabjee-passes-away/articleshow/82321222.cms | title=Former attorney general Soli Sorabjee dies of Covid-19 | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=30 April 2021 | access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=jsa>{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame - Top 50|url=http://www.jsalaw.com/Admin/uplodedfiles/PublicationFiles/Hall%20of%20Fame_Top%2050_2010.pdf|publisher=[[J. Sagar Associates]]|access-date=21 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202101217/http://www.jsalaw.com/Admin/uplodedfiles/PublicationFiles/Hall%20of%20Fame_Top%2050_2010.pdf|archive-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱥᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱᱜᱤᱨ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ|ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="nytobit" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Ashish|date=2021-04-30|title=Former Attorney General Soli Sorabjee passes away after contracting Covid-19|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/former-attorney-general-soli-sorabjee-passes-away-after-contracting-covid-19-980697.html|access-date=2021-04-30|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|language=en}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱡᱮᱵᱤᱭᱚᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Rajagopal|first=Krishnadas|date=2021-04-30|title=Former Attorney General of India Soli Sorabjee passes away|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-attorney-general-of-india-soli-sorabjee-passes-away/article34446454.ece|access-date=2021-04-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱥᱥᱛᱨᱚ (᱑᱙᱕᱒) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱᱞᱳᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱵᱽᱥ ᱥᱳᱣᱨᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=5 January 2003|title=Soli Jehangeer Sorabjee|url=https://timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/8897/News/Soli-Jehangeer-Sorabjee.html|website=The Times Of India Group}}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱗ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱚᱨᱱᱤ-ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=jsa /> ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱳᱞᱤ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Vibhushan for Rangarajan, Soli Sorabjee|url=http://hindu.com/2002/01/26/stories/2002012605040100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719113305/http://www.hindu.com/2002/01/26/stories/2002012605040100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2002-01-26|access-date=26 January 2002}}</ref> ᱚᱯᱷᱮᱴᱠᱚᱞ (᱑᱙᱗᱕-᱑᱙᱗᱗) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="nytobit">{{Cite news|last=Yasir|first=Sameer|date=2021-05-06|title=Soli Sorabjee, Eminent Indian Jurist and Jazz Lover, Dies at 91|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/06/obituaries/soli-sorabjee-dead-coronavirus.html|access-date=2021-05-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱴᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱫᱟᱝᱜᱟ ''ᱯᱨᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱚ'' ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=BB>{{cite web|title=25 Years after Indira Gandhi The lawyers in the Indira Gandhi Murder Trial and the 1984 Riots|url=http://barandbench.com/content/25-years-after-indira-gandhi-lawyers-indira-gandhi-murder-trial-and-1984-riots|work=2 November 2009|date=2 November 2009 |publisher=Bar and Bench|access-date=21 May 2013}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨᱰᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ (AM) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, "ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ-ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ"᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1129459|title=Award Extract|website=honours.pmc.gov.au}}</ref> ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱚᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱟᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱮᱥᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ'' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ "ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ" ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱱᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vyas|first=Maulik|title=Once you choose law as a profession, you don't retire till you die: Soli Sorabjee|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/once-you-choose-law-as-a-profession-you-dont-retire-till-you-die-soli-sorabjee/articleshow/82329284.cms|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥ.ᱟᱨ. ᱵᱳᱢᱢᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱥᱛᱷᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Legal Luminary Soli Sorabjee Passes Away Due to COVID-19|url=https://thewire.in/law/legal-luminary-soli-sorabjee-passes-away-due-to-covid-19|access-date=2021-04-30|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱟᱨ. ᱠᱳᱮᱞᱦᱳ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ'' ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱯᱨᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱜᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Attorney General Soli Sorabjee dies of Covid|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/former-attorney-general-soli-sorabjee-passes-away-due-to-covid-246296|access-date=2021-04-30|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|language=en}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱥᱨᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ'' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=":3" /> ===ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ=== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱯᱚᱨᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱦᱮᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="legalera" /> ᱥᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱱᱣᱮᱞᱴ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱯ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱨᱢ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="legalera" /> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱵᱷᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱠᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮ.ᱡᱮᱰ.ᱵᱤ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱱᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=legalera>{{cite web|title=In Conversation with Soli Sorabjee|url=http://www.legalera.in/component/k2/item/26-in-conversation-with-soli-sorabjee|publisher=Legal Era|access-date=21 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522190947/http://legalera.in/component/k2/item/26-in-conversation-with-soli-sorabjee|archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ''᱑᱐ ᱡᱟᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱫᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽᱰ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VNQTxDgBAg36bsrFaOoKaP/Its-a-tight-balance-for-the-Supreme-Court-says-Zia-Mody.html|title=It's a tight balance for the Supreme Court, says Zia Mody|date=31 August 2013|access-date=30 April 2021|website=www.livemint.com}}</ref> ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ- ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ, ᱚᱴᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽ<ref name="ndtv-obit">{{Cite news|title=Soli Sorabjee, Former Attorney General, Dies Of COVID-19|website=[[NDTV]]|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/soli-sorabjee-former-attorney-general-dies-of-covid-19-he-was-91-2424976|access-date=2021-04-30}}</ref>- ᱟᱨ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨᱫᱮᱥᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱ, ᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱱᱡᱟᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨᱛᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱛᱤ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/law-bores-me-says-zia-modys-daughter-anjali/articleshow/45054265.cms|title=Law bores me, says Zia Mody's daughter Anjali|last=Saxena|first=Aditi|work=The Economic Times|date=6 November 2014|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱡᱽ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱤ ᱜᱩᱰᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱽᱡᱤ ᱜᱤᱞᱮᱥᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="nytobit" /> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱓᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱳᱵᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="ndtv-obit" /> ==ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ== ===ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ=== * {{Cite book|title=Law of Press Censorship in India|date=1976|publisher=N.M. Tripathi|location=Bombay|language=en|oclc=639092798}} * {{Cite book|title=The Emergency, Censorship and the Press in India, 1975–77|date=1977|publisher=Writers and Scholars Educational Trust|isbn=0-904286-00-2|location=London|oclc=3865883}} * {{Cite book|title=The Governor, Sage or Saboteur|date=1985|publisher=Roli Books International|location=New Delhi|language=en|oclc=13797698}} * {{Cite book|title=Law & Justice: An Anthology|date=2003|publisher=Universal Law Pub. Co.|isbn=81-7534-367-2|location=Delhi|oclc=55961332}} ===ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱚ ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱠᱚ=== * {{Cite book|chapter=Fundamental Rights|title=Public Law in India|date=1982|publisher=Vikas|isbn=0-7069-1390-6|location=New Delhi|oclc=9504480}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Protection of Human Rights in Emergencies|editor-last=Venkataramiah|editor-first=E. S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50aQAAAAMAAJ|title=Human Rights in the Changing World|date=1988|publisher=International Law Association, Regional Branch (India)|location=New Delhi|language=en|oclc=609511690}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Equity in the United States and India|title=Constitutionalism and Rights: The Influence of the United States Constitution abroad|url=https://archive.org/details/constit_xxx_1990_00_0171|date=1990|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|editor-last1=Henkin|editor-first1=Louis|editor-last2=Rosenthal|editor-first2=Albert J.|isbn=0-231-06570-1|location=New York|oclc=18962022}} ===ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ=== * {{cite journal|title=Obliging Government to Control Itself; Recent Development in Indian Administrative Law|journal=[[Public Law (journal)|Public Law]]|date=1994|issn=0033-3565}} * {{cite journal|title=Freedom of Expression and Censorship: Some Aspects of the Indian Experience|journal=Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly|volume=45|date=1994|pages=327–342|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/nilq45&div=38&id=&page=|via=[[HeinOnline]]}} * {{Cite journal|date=October 1993|title=Freedom of Expression|url=https://archive.org/details/commonwealth-law-bulletin_1993-10_19_4/page/1712|journal=Commonwealth Law Bulletin|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|pages=1712–1721|doi=10.1080/03050718.1993.9986320|issn=0305-0718|last1=Sorabjee|first1=Soli K.}} He also wrote columns for the [[Indian Express]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=Soli J. Sorabjee|url=https://indianexpress.com/profile/columnist/soli-j-sorabjee/|access-date=2021-05-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== * [[ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱥᱯᱨᱩᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱᱞᱚᱪ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱵᱽᱥ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ]], ᱑᱙᱕᱒<ref name=":0" /> * [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ]], ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱐᱒<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-04-30|title=Former attorney general, Padma Vibhushan awardee Soli Sorabjee dies during treatment for COVID-19|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/former-attorney-general-padma-vibhushan-awardee-soli-sorabjee-dies-during-treatment-for-covid-19-9579311.html|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Firstpost}}</ref> * [[ᱡᱟᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱮ. ᱮᱥ. ᱦᱮᱜᱽᱰᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]], ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱖<ref>{{cite web|title=Justice Hegde Award for Soli Sorabjee|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/justice-hegde-award-for-soli-sorabjee/article3153312.ece|date=27 April 2006|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 April 2015}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * [http://www.indianexpress.com/columnist/solisorabjee/ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312053355/http://rshrc.nic.in/htm/e-SpSorabji.htm ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ] * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070112235735/http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2001vol11no4/49/ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱩᱛᱤ]}} * [https://theprobe.in/if-you-are-not-independent-you-sell-the-soul-of-democracy-in-india/ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱳᱨᱟᱵᱽᱡᱤ, ᱥᱳᱞᱤ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱓᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱴᱳᱨᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱞᱤᱥᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱫᱷᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱬ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱵᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱨᱰᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱷᱭᱩᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱨᱵᱤᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱡᱮᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ]] jjx4y6bdehcyx6uv1c88himmckgzeua 4 38239 200629 200618 2026-11-12T09:37:55Z ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ 8469 /* */ 200629 wikitext text/x-wiki <!---(ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ) ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ~~~~ (symbol) ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱢᱮ ---> # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Bijendra Hansda Purudhul|Bijendra Hansda Purudhul]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Bijendra Hansda Purudhul|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱘:᱐᱘, ᱑᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:AlbetusTudu|AlbetusTudu]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:AlbetusTudu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱑:᱐᱖, ᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Ramjit Tudu|ℝ𝕒𝕞𝕛𝕚𝕥 𝕋𝕦𝕕𝕦]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Ramjit Tudu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱘:᱒᱓, ᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sanersing Hansdah|Sanersing Hansdah]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sanersing Hansdah|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱐᱘, ᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱙, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱒᱓, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Radhi Marndi|Radhi Marndi]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Radhi Marndi|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱒᱖, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ|ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱓᱒, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱓᱓, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sabitri soren|Sabitri soren]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sabitri soren|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱐, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ|ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱖, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙|ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱘, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)#[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱗, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ|ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱔᱔, ᱑᱐ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Nacharhopon|Nacharhopon]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Nacharhopon|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱕᱓, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Contributions/~2026-59688-16|~2026-59688-16]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:~2026-59688-16|talk]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱒, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱗, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sukanti Marndi|Sukanti Marndi]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sukanti Marndi|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱕᱑, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ|ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱙:᱓᱗, ᱑᱒ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) 71mcz5iz46c4luarhke9wor0yxia8uj 200630 200629 2026-11-12T09:39:32Z ᱩᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ 8733 /* */ 200630 wikitext text/x-wiki <!---(ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱚᱜ-ᱟ) ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ~~~~ (symbol) ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱢᱮ ---> # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Bijendra Hansda Purudhul|Bijendra Hansda Purudhul]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Bijendra Hansda Purudhul|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱘:᱐᱘, ᱑᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:AlbetusTudu|AlbetusTudu]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:AlbetusTudu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱑:᱐᱖, ᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) # [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Ramjit Tudu|ℝ𝕒𝕞𝕛𝕚𝕥 𝕋𝕦𝕕𝕦]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Ramjit Tudu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱘:᱒᱓, ᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sanersing Hansdah|Sanersing Hansdah]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sanersing Hansdah|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱐᱘, ᱗ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱟᱜᱮᱱ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱚᱢ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱙, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱒᱓, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Radhi Marndi|Radhi Marndi]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Radhi Marndi|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱒᱖, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ|ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱓᱒, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱢᱚᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱨᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱓᱓, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sabitri soren|Sabitri soren]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sabitri soren|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱐, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ|ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱩᱛᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱖, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙|ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱥᱤᱵᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ ᱙|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱔᱘, ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)#[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱗, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ|ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱥᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱨᱚᱢ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱔᱔, ᱑᱐ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Nacharhopon|Nacharhopon]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Nacharhopon|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱕:᱕᱓, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Contributions/~2026-59688-16|~2026-59688-16]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:~2026-59688-16|talk]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱒, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱸᱥᱫᱟᱜ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱖:᱔᱗, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Sukanti Marndi|Sukanti Marndi]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:Sukanti Marndi|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱕᱑, ᱑᱑ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ|ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱙:᱓᱗, ᱑᱒ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC) #ᱻᱻᱻᱻ cwz8oko35z5lf8fd9jzhj8ays3btmab 0 38292 200627 199214 2026-11-11T20:20:22Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261111sim) #IABot (v2.0.9.7) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]) 200627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|[[ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]] ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, '''ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Stevens2019">{{cite book|author=Harley Macdonald & Donovan Stevens|title=Biotechnology and Plant Biology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|date=3 September 2019|publisher=EDTECH|isbn=978-1-83947-180-3|pages=141–}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Linh Thuy My |last2=Hoang |first2=Hanh Thi |last3=Choi |first3=Eunho |last4=Park |first4=Pil Sun |date=2023-07-05 |title=Distribution of mangroves with different aerial root morphologies at accretion and erosion sites in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=287 |article-number=108324 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108324 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ECSS..28708324N }}</ref> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ == ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ '''ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ '''ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ — ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ, ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ === '''ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ; ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Zeiger Taiz">{{cite book |last1=Taiz |first1=L. |last2=Zeiger |first2=E. |title=Plant Physiology and Development |edition=3rd |publisher=Sinauer Associates/Oxford University Press |year=2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Roots and Root Systems (chapter) |url=https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/2830/Chapter%205.%20Roots%20and%20Root%20Systems.pdf |publisher=University of Delaware |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> '''ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ (ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ) ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hodge |first=A. |title=Root growth, architecture and nutrient foraging |journal=Plant and Soil |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s11104-009-0041-1 |doi-broken-date=3 November 2025 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-1 |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ === '''ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ:''' ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ (ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuberous root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/tuberous-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> '''ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ (ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱭᱮᱢ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Zeiger Taiz">{{cite book |last1=Taiz |first1=L. |last2=Zeiger |first2=E. |title=Plant Physiology and Development |edition=3rd |publisher=Sinauer Associates/Oxford University Press |year=2010}}</ref> '''ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱴᱳᱠᱟᱭᱱᱤᱱ, ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱱ) ᱠᱚᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last=Steffens |first=B. |title=The physiology of adventitious roots |journal=Plant Physiology |year=2015 |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=603–617 |doi=10.1104/pp.15.01360 |pmid=26697895 |pmc=4734560 }}</ref> '''ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ (ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ):''' ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱤᱣᱢᱮᱴᱳᱯᱷᱳᱨ, ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Pneumatophore |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/pneumatophore-root-system |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> '''ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱟᱭᱡᱟ, ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ-ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=N. |title=How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake and plant resilience |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |year=2025 |volume=16 |article-number=e144989 |doi=10.3897/imafungus.16.144989 |doi-access=free |pmid=40162002 |pmc=11953731 }}</ref> '''ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ:''' ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ (prop/brace roots, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ) ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Maize plants and the brace roots that support them |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363551213 |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> '''ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ:''' ᱰᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱟᱸᱴᱷ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Adventitious root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/adventitious-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ === ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ, ᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱯ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gutjahr |first=C. |title=Multiple control levels of root system remodelling in response to symbiosis and nutrient status |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |year=2013 |volume=4 |page=204 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2013.00204 |pmid=23785383 |pmc=3684781 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ == ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ, ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ '''ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ '''ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ''', '''ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱵᱟᱴᱨᱮᱥ''', '''ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱯᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' — ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ (ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ)᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ, ᱰᱮᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Taproot |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/taproot |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ === ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱸᱡᱽᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥ (Poaceae), ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Fibrous root system |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/fibrous-root-system |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> === ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ === ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ (ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ, ᱜᱟᱸᱴᱷ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ: ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ, ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ (ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Adventitious root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/adventitious-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Steffens |first=B. |title=The physiology of adventitious roots |journal=Plant Physiology |year=2015 |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=603–617 |doi=10.1104/pp.15.01360 |pmid=26697895 |pmc=4734560 }}</ref> ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ: ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ; ᱵᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (''Ficus spp.'') ᱦᱚᱭ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite arXiv |last=Hostetler |first=A.N. |title=The development and function of brace roots in maize |year=2020 |class=q-bio.TO |eprint=2008.04783}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ == {{Reflist|30em}} == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == {{Refbegin}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Baldocchi DD, Xu L | title = What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands–The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? | url = https://archive.org/details/advances-in-water-resources_2007-10_30_10/page/2113 | journal = Advances in Water Resources | date = October 2007 | volume = 30 | issue = 10 | pages = 2113–22 | doi = 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.06.013 | bibcode = 2007AdWR...30.2113B }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Brundrett | first1 = M. C. | year = 2002 | title = Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants | journal = New Phytologist | volume = 154 | issue = 2| pages = 275–304 | doi = 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x | pmid = 33873429 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2002NewPh.154..275B }} * {{cite web | last = Clark | first = Lynn | name-list-style = vanc | date = 2004 | url =http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf | archive-date = 3 January 2006 | title = Primary Root Structure and Development – lecture notes }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Coutts MP | year = 1987 | title = Developmental processes in tree root systems | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-forest-research_1987-08_17_8/page/761 | journal = Canadian Journal of Forest Research | volume = 17 | issue = 8| pages = 761–767 | doi=10.1139/x87-122| bibcode = 1987CaJFR..17..761C }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Raven JA, Edwards D | date = 2001 | title = Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. | journal = Journal of Experimental Botany | volume = 52 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 381–401 | doi = 10.1093/jxb/52.suppl_1.381 | pmid = 11326045 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Schenk HJ, Jackson RB | year = 2002 | title = The global biogeography of roots | journal = Ecological Monographs | volume = 72 | issue = 3| pages = 311–328 | doi=10.2307/3100092| jstor = 3100092 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Sutton RF, Tinus RW | year = 1983 | title = Root and root system terminology | journal = Forest Science Monograph | volume = 24 | page = 137 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Phillips WS | year = 1963 | title = Depth of roots in soil | url = https://archive.org/details/ecology_spring-1963_44_2/page/424 | journal = Ecology | volume = 44 | issue = 2| page = 424 | doi=10.2307/1932198| jstor = 1932198 | bibcode = 1963Ecol...44..424P }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Caldwell MM, Dawson TE, Richards JH | date = 1998 | title = Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_oecologia_1998-01_113_2/page/151 | journal = Oecologia | volume = 113 | issue = 2 | pages = 151–161 | doi = 10.1007/s004420050363 | pmid = 28308192 | bibcode = 1998Oecol.113..151C }} {{Refend}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == {{Commons category|Roots}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090425083339/http://ualr.edu/botany/ Botany – University of Arkansas at Little Rock] * {{YouTube|7WID7ObQPjE|Time-lapse photography of root growth}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ| ]] k1302tk01k6xl9a98fwai6f5rovj96l 0 38365 200631 2026-11-12T09:54:37Z ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ 8469 "{{Infobox settlement | name = ''ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ'' | native_name = Đồng bằng sông Hồng | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | image_map = Vietnam region map en.svg | map_size = | map_caption = ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |seat_type=ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ |..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 200631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ''ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ'' | native_name = Đồng bằng sông Hồng | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | image_map = Vietnam region map en.svg | map_size = | map_caption = ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |seat_type=ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ |seat = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ]] | demographics_type1 = ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = ᱜᱩᱴ | demographics1_info1 = [[VND]] ᱑,᱗᱕᱓ ᱴᱨᱤᱞᱤᱚᱱ [[US$]] ᱗᱗.0 ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱑) <!-- General information --------------->| time_zone = UTC +7 | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 27091.97 | population_total = 29093925 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | custom_label_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|ᱮᱪ.ᱰᱤ.ᱟᱭ.]] (᱒᱐᱒᱓) | custom_data_sec2 = 0.809<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|url= https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/VNM/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2022 |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en}}</ref><br />{{color|#0c0|ᱩᱥᱩᱞ}} · [[List of administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index|᱑st]] }} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ (Red River Delta), ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ({{langx|vi|Đồng bằng sông Hồng}}), ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱱᱦ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱝ'' (紅) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ "ᱟᱨᱟᱜ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱢེᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Whitfield|first1=Danny|title=Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Vietnam|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year= 1976}}</ref> ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ, ᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Whitfield|first1=Danny|title=Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Vietnam|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year= 1976}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nld.com.vn/dong-bang-song-hong-con-6-dia-phuong-thu-tuong-yeu-cau-phat-huy-vai-tro-dau-tau-196250920100419988.htm|title=Đồng bằng sông Hồng còn 6 địa phương, Thủ tướng yêu cầu phát huy vai trò đầu tàu|work=Nguoi Lao Dong|date=September 20, 2025|access-date=January 15, 2026}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ, ᱵᱟᱠ ᱱᱤᱱᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱣᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱱᱦ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱳᱞ ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Sidwell2021">Sidwell, Paul. 2021. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GSfNDgaDM_lzWrQxZ5w-Tas8aVKfT-Sj/view ''Austroasiatic Dispersal: the AA "Water-World" Extended'']. [https://sites.google.com/site/sealsjournal/seals-and-jseals-history/seals-online-2021/seals-2021-program SEALS 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216175236/https://sites.google.com/site/sealsjournal/seals-and-jseals-history/seals-online-2021/seals-2021-program |date=2021-12-16 }}. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QREB1UttWTI Video)]</ref> ᱦᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱴᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ|ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱴᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ|ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/vietnam/red-river-delta/|title=Red River Delta {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=www.unesco.org|access-date=2016-06-27}}</ref> ah76xe7i9rf8f4hqycjj81a9kplu94t 200632 200631 2026-11-12T09:55:40Z ᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱦᱞᱟ 8469 /* */ 200632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ''ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ'' | native_name = Đồng bằng sông Hồng | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | image_map = Vietnam region map en.svg | map_size = | map_caption = ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ |seat_type=ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ |seat = [[ᱦᱟᱱᱚᱭ]] | demographics_type1 = ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = ᱜᱩᱴ | demographics1_info1 = [[VND]] ᱑,᱗᱕᱓ ᱴᱨᱤᱞᱤᱚᱱ [[US$]] ᱗᱗.0 ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱒᱑) <!-- General information --------------->| time_zone = UTC +7 | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 27091.97 | population_total = 29093925 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | custom_label_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|ᱮᱪ.ᱰᱤ.ᱟᱭ.]] (᱒᱐᱒᱓) | custom_data_sec2 = 0.809<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|url= https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/VNM/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2022 |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en}}</ref><br />{{color|#0c0|ᱩᱥᱩᱞ}} · [[List of administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index|᱑st]] }} ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ (Red River Delta), ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ({{langx|vi|Đồng bằng sông Hồng}}), ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱱᱦ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱝ'' (紅) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱱᱳ-ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ "ᱟᱨᱟᱜ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Whitfield|first1=Danny|title=Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Vietnam|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year= 1976}}</ref> ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ, ᱑᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱪᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Whitfield|first1=Danny|title=Historical and Cultural Dictionary of Vietnam|location=Metuchen, New Jersey|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year= 1976}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nld.com.vn/dong-bang-song-hong-con-6-dia-phuong-thu-tuong-yeu-cau-phat-huy-vai-tro-dau-tau-196250920100419988.htm|title=Đồng bằng sông Hồng còn 6 địa phương, Thủ tướng yêu cầu phát huy vai trò đầu tàu|work=Nguoi Lao Dong|date=September 20, 2025|access-date=January 15, 2026}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ, ᱵᱟᱠ ᱱᱤᱱᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱣᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱱᱦ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱳᱞ ᱥᱤᱰᱣᱮᱞ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳ-ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔,᱕᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Sidwell2021">Sidwell, Paul. 2021. [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GSfNDgaDM_lzWrQxZ5w-Tas8aVKfT-Sj/view ''Austroasiatic Dispersal: the AA "Water-World" Extended'']. [https://sites.google.com/site/sealsjournal/seals-and-jseals-history/seals-online-2021/seals-2021-program SEALS 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216175236/https://sites.google.com/site/sealsjournal/seals-and-jseals-history/seals-online-2021/seals-2021-program |date=2021-12-16 }}. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QREB1UttWTI Video)]</ref> ᱦᱚᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱴᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ|ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱴᱞᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱲᱩ ᱠᱷᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ|ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱰᱮᱞᱴᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/vietnam/red-river-delta/|title=Red River Delta {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=www.unesco.org|access-date=2016-06-27}}</ref> l973lfoxcjld39414rtkod9b0tomsbv