Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 1678 868956 850626 2022-07-22T12:15:50Z 2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B Scots pron added wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | name = Albert Einstein | image = Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg | caption = Albert Einstein in 1921 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|3|14}} | birth_place = [[Ulm]], [[Kinrick o Württemberg]], [[German Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1955|4|18|1879|3|14}} | death_place = {{nowrap|[[Princeton, New Jersey]], U.S.}} | children = [[Lieserl Einstein|"Lieserl"]] (1902–1903?)<br />[[Hans Albert Einstein|Hans Albert]] (1904–1973)<br />[[Einstein family#Eduard Einstein (Albert's son)|Eduard "Tete"]] (1910–1965) | spouse = [[Mileva Marić]]&nbsp;(1903–1919)<br/>{{nowrap|[[Elsa Löwenthal]]&nbsp;(1919–1936)}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Heilbron |editor-first=John L. |title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abqjP-_KfzkC&pg=PA233 |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-974376-6 |page=233}}</ref>{{sfnp|Pais|1982|p=301}} | residence = Germany, Italy, Swisserland, Austrick (present-day Czech Republic), Belgium, Unitit States | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * Subject o the [[Kinrick o Württemberg]] unner the German Empire (1879–1896)<ref name=GEcitizen group=note>Unner the German Empire, ceetizenship wis alanerly subject o ane o the 27 ''Bundesstaaten''</ref> * [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1896–1901) * Ceetizen o [[Swisserland]] (1901–1955) * Austrick subject o the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (1911–1912) * Subject o the [[Kinrick o Proushie]] unner the German Empire (1914–1918)<ref name=GEcitizen group=note/> * German ceetizen o the [[Free State o Proushie]] ([[Weimar Republic]], 1918–1933) * Ceetizen o the Unitit States (1940–1955) }} | fields = [[Physics]], [[filosofie]] | workplaces = {{Plainlist| * [[Swiss Patent Office]] ([[Bern]]) (1902–1909) * [[Varsity o Bern]] (1908–1909) * [[Varsity o Zurich]] (1909–1911) * [[Karl-Ferdinands-Universität|Charles Varsity in Prague]] (1911–1912) * [[ETH Zurich]] (1912–1914) * [[Proushie Academy o Sciences]] (1914–1933) * [[Humboldt Varsity o Berlin]] (1914–1917) * [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute]] (director, 1917–1933) * [[German Physical Society]] (preses, 1916–1918) * [[Leiden Varsity]] (veesits, 1920) * [[Institute for Advanced Study]] (1933–1955) * [[Caltech]] (veesits, 1931–1933) }} | education = {{Plainlist| * [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Polytechnic]] (1896–1900; B.A., 1900) * [[Varsity o Zurich]] (Ph.D., 1905) }} | doctoral_advisor = [[Alfred Kleiner]] | thesis_title = {{lang|de|Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen}} (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) | thesis_url = http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:30378/eth-30378-01.pdf | thesis_year = 1905 | academic_advisors = [[Heinrich Friedrich Weber]] | influenced = {{Plainlist| * [[Ernst G. Straus]] ppl * [[Nathan Rosen]] * [[Leó Szilárd]] }} | known_for = {{Plainlist| * [[General relativity]] an [[special relativity]] * [[Photoelectric effect]] * ''[[Mass–energy equivalence|E=mc²]]'' * Theory o [[Brownian motion]] * [[Einstein field equations]] * [[Bose–Einstein stateestics]] * [[Bose–Einstein condensate]] * [[Gravitational wave]] * [[Cosmological constant]] * [[Clessical unifee'd field theories|Unifee'd field theory]] * [[EPR paradox]] }} | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science|Barnard Medal]] (1920) * [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1921) * [[Matteucci Medal]] (1921) * [[ForMemRS]] (1921)<ref name="frs" /> * [[Copley Medal]] (1925)<ref name="frs" /> * [[Gowd Medal o the Ryal Astronomical Society]] (1926) * [[Max Planck Medal]] (1929) * [[Time 100: The Maist Important Fowk o the Century|''Time'' Person o the Century]] (1999) }} | signature = Albert Einstein signature 1934.svg }} '''Albert Einstein''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|n|s|t|aɪ|n}};<ref>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|authorlink=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=April 3, 2008|isbn=1-4058-8118-6}}</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn|lang|Albert Einstein german.ogg}}; Scots: Elbert Ayensteen 14 Mairch 1879&nbsp;– 18&nbsp;Apryle 1955) wis a German-born [[theoretical physicist]]. He developpit the [[theory o relativity]], ane o the twa pillars o [[modren physics]] (alangside [[quantum mechanics]]).<ref name=frs>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">{{cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7}}</ref>{{rp|274}} Einstein's work is forby kent for its influence on the [[filosofie o science]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor=Don A. Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |type=website |accessdate=2015-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |author=Don A. Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442 }}</ref> Einstein is best kent in popular cultur for his [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula {{nowrap|1=''E'' = ''mc''²}} (which haes been dubbed "the warld's maist famous equation").<ref>{{cite book |author=David Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 }}</ref> He received the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] "for his services tae theoretical physics, an especially for his diskivery o the law o the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize">{{cite web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Prize |access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> a pivotal step in the evolution o [[Introduction tae quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. Near the beginnin o his career, Einstein thocht that [[Newtonian mechanics]] wisna eneuch ony mair fur tae reconcile the laws o [[clessical mechanics]] wi the laws o the [[electromagnetic field]]. This led him tae develop his [[special theory o relativity]] throu his time at the [[Swiss Patent Office]] in [[Bern]], Swisserland. Briefly afore, he aquired the [[Swiss ceetizenship]] in 1901, whilk he kept for his hale life, efter bein stateless for mair nor five year. He realised, housomever, that the principle o relativity coud forby be extendit tae [[gravitational fields]], an wi his subsequent theory o gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on general relativity. He continued tae deal wi problems o [[stateestical mechanics]] an quantum theory, whilk led tae his explanations o [[pairticle]] theory an the [[Brownian motion|motion o molecules]]. He forby investigatit the thermal properties o licht whilk laid the foondation o the [[photon]] theory o licht. In 1917, Einstein applee'd the general theory o relativity tae model the lairge-scale structur o the [[universe]].<ref name=Nobel>{{Citation |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |via=Nobelprize.org |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04 |archive-date=2015-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828054717/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 }}</ref> He wis veesitin the Unitit States whan [[Adolf Hitler]] came tae pouer in 1933 an, bein [[Jewish fowk|Jewish]], didnae gae back tae Germany, whaur he haed been a professor at the [[Proushie Academy o Sciences|Berlin Academy o Sciences]]. He sattlet in the Unitit States, acomin an [[American ceetizen]] in 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">{{cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> On the een o [[Warld War II]], he endorsed a [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter tae Preses Franklin D. Roosevelt]] alertin him tae the potential development o "extremely pouerful bombs o a new teep" an recommendin that the U.S. begin seemilar resairch. This eventually led tae whit wad acome the [[Manhattan Project]]. Einstein supportit defendin the [[Allies o Warld War II|Allied forces]], but generally denoonced the idea o uisin the newlins diskivert [[nuclear fission]] as a wappen. Later, wi the Breetish filosofer [[Bertrand Russell]], Einstein signed the [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]], whilk heichlichtit the danger o nuclear wappens. Einstein wis affiliatit wi the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]], till his daith in 1955. Einstein published [[Leet o scienteefic publications bi Albert Einstein|mair nor 300 scienteefic papers]] alang wi ower 150 non-scienteefic warks.<ref name=Nobel /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">{{Citation |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746}}. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934), ''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> On 5 December 2014, varsities an archives annoonced the release o Einstein's papers, comprisin mair nor 30,000 unique documents.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2008}}<ref name="NYT-20141204-DB">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html |date=4 December 2014 |work=New York Times |accessdate=2015-01-04}}</ref> Einstein's intellectual achievements an oreeginality haes made the wird "Einstein" synonymous wi "[[genius]]".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">{{Citation |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="note"/> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albert}} [[Category:1879 births]] [[Category:1955 daiths]] [[Category:Academics o Charles Varsity in Prague]] [[Category:Albert Einstein| ]] [[Category:American agnostics]] [[Category:American physicists]] [[Category:American Zionists]] [[Category:Cosmologists]] [[Category:Daiths frae abdominal aortic aneurysm]] [[Category:Einstein faimily]] [[Category:ETH Zurich alumni]] [[Category:ETH Zurich faculty]] [[Category:Foreign Members o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:German emigrants tae Swisserland]] [[Category:German Jews who emigratit tae the Unitit States tae escape Nazism]] [[Category:German Nobel laureates]] [[Category:German physicists]] [[Category:German socialists]] [[Category:Institute for Advanced Study faculty]] [[Category:Jewish agnostics]] [[Category:Jewish American scientists]] [[Category:Jewish physicists]] [[Category:Leiden Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Members o the American Filosofical Society]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]] [[Category:Pacifists]] [[Category:Patent examiners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Berlin]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bern]] [[Category:Fowk frae Munich]] [[Category:Fowk frae Princeton, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Ulm]] [[Category:Fowk frae Zürich]] [[Category:Fowk wi acquired Austrick-Hungary ceetizenship]] [[Category:Fowk wi acquired Swiss ceetizenship]] [[Category:Filosofers o science]] [[Category:Stateless fowk]] [[Category:Swiss agnostics]] [[Category:Swiss emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Swiss physicists]] [[Category:Theoretical physicists]] [[Category:Winners o the Max Planck Medal]] [[Category:20t-century German writers]] [[Category:20t-century American writers]] 4gqusp6w8zbftz5k0x8yy8doiu9qxir 868959 868956 2022-07-22T13:45:04Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | name = Albert Einstein | image = Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg | caption = Albert Einstein in 1921 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|3|14}} | birth_place = [[Ulm]], [[Kinrick o Württemberg]], [[German Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1955|4|18|1879|3|14}} | death_place = {{nowrap|[[Princeton, New Jersey]], U.S.}} | children = [[Lieserl Einstein|"Lieserl"]] (1902–1903?)<br />[[Hans Albert Einstein|Hans Albert]] (1904–1973)<br />[[Einstein family#Eduard Einstein (Albert's son)|Eduard "Tete"]] (1910–1965) | spouse = [[Mileva Marić]]&nbsp;(1903–1919)<br/>{{nowrap|[[Elsa Löwenthal]]&nbsp;(1919–1936)}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Heilbron |editor-first=John L. |title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abqjP-_KfzkC&pg=PA233 |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-974376-6 |page=233}}</ref>{{sfnp|Pais|1982|p=301}} | residence = Germany, Italy, Swisserland, Austrick (present-day Czech Republic), Belgium, Unitit States | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * Subject o the [[Kinrick o Württemberg]] unner the German Empire (1879–1896)<ref name=GEcitizen group=note>Unner the German Empire, ceetizenship wis alanerly subject o ane o the 27 ''Bundesstaaten''</ref> * [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1896–1901) * Ceetizen o [[Swisserland]] (1901–1955) * Austrick subject o the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (1911–1912) * Subject o the [[Kinrick o Proushie]] unner the German Empire (1914–1918)<ref name=GEcitizen group=note/> * German ceetizen o the [[Free State o Proushie]] ([[Weimar Republic]], 1918–1933) * Ceetizen o the Unitit States (1940–1955) }} | fields = [[Physics]], [[filosofie]] | workplaces = {{Plainlist| * [[Swiss Patent Office]] ([[Bern]]) (1902–1909) * [[Varsity o Bern]] (1908–1909) * [[Varsity o Zurich]] (1909–1911) * [[Karl-Ferdinands-Universität|Charles Varsity in Prague]] (1911–1912) * [[ETH Zurich]] (1912–1914) * [[Proushie Academy o Sciences]] (1914–1933) * [[Humboldt Varsity o Berlin]] (1914–1917) * [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute]] (director, 1917–1933) * [[German Physical Society]] (preses, 1916–1918) * [[Leiden Varsity]] (veesits, 1920) * [[Institute for Advanced Study]] (1933–1955) * [[Caltech]] (veesits, 1931–1933) }} | education = {{Plainlist| * [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Polytechnic]] (1896–1900; B.A., 1900) * [[Varsity o Zurich]] (Ph.D., 1905) }} | doctoral_advisor = [[Alfred Kleiner]] | thesis_title = {{lang|de|Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen}} (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions) | thesis_url = http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:30378/eth-30378-01.pdf | thesis_year = 1905 | academic_advisors = [[Heinrich Friedrich Weber]] | influenced = {{Plainlist| * [[Ernst G. Straus]] * [[Nathan Rosen]] * [[Leó Szilárd]] }} | known_for = {{Plainlist| * [[General relativity]] an [[special relativity]] * [[Photoelectric effect]] * ''[[Mass–energy equivalence|E=mc²]]'' * Theory o [[Brownian motion]] * [[Einstein field equations]] * [[Bose–Einstein stateestics]] * [[Bose–Einstein condensate]] * [[Gravitational wave]] * [[Cosmological constant]] * [[Clessical unifee'd field theories|Unifee'd field theory]] * [[EPR paradox]] }} | awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science|Barnard Medal]] (1920) * [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1921) * [[Matteucci Medal]] (1921) * [[ForMemRS]] (1921)<ref name="frs" /> * [[Copley Medal]] (1925)<ref name="frs" /> * [[Gowd Medal o the Ryal Astronomical Society]] (1926) * [[Max Planck Medal]] (1929) * [[Time 100: The Maist Important Fowk o the Century|''Time'' Person o the Century]] (1999) }} | signature = Albert Einstein signature 1934.svg }} '''Albert Einstein''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|n|s|t|aɪ|n}};<ref>{{cite book|last=Wells|first=John|authorlink=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=April 3, 2008|isbn=1-4058-8118-6}}</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn|lang|Albert Einstein german.ogg}}; 14 Mairch 1879&nbsp;– 18&nbsp;Apryle 1955) wis a German-born [[theoretical physicist]]. He developpit the [[theory o relativity]], ane o the twa pillars o [[modren physics]] (alangside [[quantum mechanics]]).<ref name=frs>{{cite journal | last1 = Whittaker | first1 = E. | authorlink = E. T. Whittaker| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 | title = Albert Einstein. 1879–1955 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 1 | pages = 37–67 | date = 1 November 1955| jstor = 769242| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name="YangHamilton2010">{{cite book|author1=Fujia Yang|author2=Joseph H. Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7}}</ref>{{rp|274}} Einstein's work is forby kent for its influence on the [[filosofie o science]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Einstein's Philosophy of Science |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/#IntWasEinEpiOpp |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University |editor=Don A. Howard |date=2014 |orig-year=First published 11 February 2004 |type=website |accessdate=2015-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |author=Don A. Howard |title=Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science |url=http://www3.nd.edu/~dhoward1/vol58no12p34_40.pdf |format=PDF |date=December 2005 |journal=Physics Today |volume=58 |issue=12 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |pages=34–40 |via=University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, author's personal webpage |accessdate=2015-03-08|bibcode=2005PhT....58l..34H |doi=10.1063/1.2169442 }}</ref> Einstein is best kent in popular cultur for his [[mass–energy equivalence]] formula {{nowrap|1=''E'' = ''mc''²}} (which haes been dubbed "the warld's maist famous equation").<ref>{{cite book |author=David Bodanis |title=E&nbsp;=&nbsp;mc²: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000 }}</ref> He received the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] "for his services tae theoretical physics, an especially for his diskivery o the law o the [[photoelectric effect]]",<ref name="Nobel Prize">{{cite web |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 |website=Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Prize |access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> a pivotal step in the evolution o [[Introduction tae quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. Near the beginnin o his career, Einstein thocht that [[Newtonian mechanics]] wisna eneuch ony mair fur tae reconcile the laws o [[clessical mechanics]] wi the laws o the [[electromagnetic field]]. This led him tae develop his [[special theory o relativity]] throu his time at the [[Swiss Patent Office]] in [[Bern]], Swisserland. Briefly afore, he aquired the [[Swiss ceetizenship]] in 1901, whilk he kept for his hale life, efter bein stateless for mair nor five year. He realised, housomever, that the principle o relativity coud forby be extendit tae [[gravitational fields]], an wi his subsequent theory o gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on general relativity. He continued tae deal wi problems o [[stateestical mechanics]] an quantum theory, whilk led tae his explanations o [[pairticle]] theory an the [[Brownian motion|motion o molecules]]. He forby investigatit the thermal properties o licht whilk laid the foondation o the [[photon]] theory o licht. In 1917, Einstein applee'd the general theory o relativity tae model the lairge-scale structur o the [[universe]].<ref name=Nobel>{{Citation |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe |publisher=Nobel Media AB |via=Nobelprize.org |page=2 |format=PDF |accessdate=2015-01-04 |archive-date=2015-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828054717/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20151124">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=24 November 2015 }}</ref> He wis veesitin the Unitit States whan [[Adolf Hitler]] came tae pouer in 1933 an, bein [[Jewish fowk|Jewish]], didnae gae back tae Germany, whaur he haed been a professor at the [[Proushie Academy o Sciences|Berlin Academy o Sciences]]. He sattlet in the Unitit States, acomin an [[American ceetizen]] in 1940.<ref name="BoyerDubofsky2001">{{cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SgtyKzBes6QC&pg=PA218|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=218}}</ref> On the een o [[Warld War II]], he endorsed a [[Einstein–Szilárd letter|letter tae Preses Franklin D. Roosevelt]] alertin him tae the potential development o "extremely pouerful bombs o a new teep" an recommendin that the U.S. begin seemilar resairch. This eventually led tae whit wad acome the [[Manhattan Project]]. Einstein supportit defendin the [[Allies o Warld War II|Allied forces]], but generally denoonced the idea o uisin the newlins diskivert [[nuclear fission]] as a wappen. Later, wi the Breetish filosofer [[Bertrand Russell]], Einstein signed the [[Russell–Einstein Manifesto]], whilk heichlichtit the danger o nuclear wappens. Einstein wis affiliatit wi the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]], till his daith in 1955. Einstein published [[Leet o scienteefic publications bi Albert Einstein|mair nor 300 scienteefic papers]] alang wi ower 150 non-scienteefic warks.<ref name=Nobel /><ref name="Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730–746">{{Citation |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730–746}}. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), "Why War?" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934), ''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science for the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref> On 5 December 2014, varsities an archives annoonced the release o Einstein's papers, comprisin mair nor 30,000 unique documents.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2008}}<ref name="NYT-20141204-DB">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html |date=4 December 2014 |work=New York Times |accessdate=2015-01-04}}</ref> Einstein's intellectual achievements an oreeginality haes made the wird "Einstein" synonymous wi "[[genius]]".<ref name="wordnetweb.princeton.edu">{{Citation |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |accessdate=2015-01-04}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="note"/> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albert}} [[Category:1879 births]] [[Category:1955 daiths]] [[Category:Academics o Charles Varsity in Prague]] [[Category:Albert Einstein| ]] [[Category:American agnostics]] [[Category:American physicists]] [[Category:American Zionists]] [[Category:Cosmologists]] [[Category:Daiths frae abdominal aortic aneurysm]] [[Category:Einstein faimily]] [[Category:ETH Zurich alumni]] [[Category:ETH Zurich faculty]] [[Category:Foreign Members o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:German emigrants tae Swisserland]] [[Category:German Jews who emigratit tae the Unitit States tae escape Nazism]] [[Category:German Nobel laureates]] [[Category:German physicists]] [[Category:German socialists]] [[Category:Institute for Advanced Study faculty]] [[Category:Jewish agnostics]] [[Category:Jewish American scientists]] [[Category:Jewish physicists]] [[Category:Leiden Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Members o the American Filosofical Society]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]] [[Category:Pacifists]] [[Category:Patent examiners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Berlin]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bern]] [[Category:Fowk frae Munich]] [[Category:Fowk frae Princeton, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Ulm]] [[Category:Fowk frae Zürich]] [[Category:Fowk wi acquired Austrick-Hungary ceetizenship]] [[Category:Fowk wi acquired Swiss ceetizenship]] [[Category:Filosofers o science]] [[Category:Stateless fowk]] [[Category:Swiss agnostics]] [[Category:Swiss emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Swiss physicists]] [[Category:Theoretical physicists]] [[Category:Winners o the Max Planck Medal]] [[Category:20t-century German writers]] [[Category:20t-century American writers]] ptnl8t1ztiz89r0w8bparp2jb1th1tr 0 12540 868976 841680 2022-07-23T00:16:53Z Makenzis 43742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Juvenes/Dogana | image = | fullname = Associazione Calcio Juvenes/Dogana | nickname = ''Doganieri'' | founded = 2000 | ground = [[Stadio Olimpico (San Marino)|Stadio Olimpico]],<br/>[[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]], [[San Marino]] | capacity = 7000 | chairman = Don [[Giuseppe Innocentini]] | manager = [[Alberto Manca]] | league = [[Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio]] | season = 2021-22 | position = 14th | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=00A0F0|body1=00A0F0|rightarm1=00A0F0|shorts1=000000|socks1=00A0F0| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_thinwhitesides|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=FF0000|body2=FF0000|rightarm2=FF0000|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=FF0000| }} '''A.C. Juvenes/Dogana''' is a [[San Marino|Sanmarinese]] [[fitbaw]] club, based in [[Dogana]], ceevil pairish o [[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]]. The club wis foondit in 2000 efter the merger o '''S.S. Juvenes''' (named efter a historical side in [[San Marino]]) an '''G.S. Dogana'''. Till saison 2006/07 Juvenes/Dogana wis the anerlie team tae play in baith Sanmarinese an [[Italy|Italian]] leagues, takin pairt in the ''Girone A'' o [[Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio|Campionato Sammarinese]] an in the Italian amateur levels, but it haes syne retired frae the Italian leagues.<ref>[http://www.figc-dilettanti-er.it/archivio.php?id=2&nextrow=&file=444 Emilia Romagna Amateur football yearbook 2007/08]</ref> The team's colours are licht blue, reid an white. == Honours == *'''[[Coppa Titano]]: 8''' ::'''S.S. Juvenes''': 1965, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1984 ::'''G.S. Dogana''': 1977, 1979 ::'''A.C. Juvenes/Dogana''': 2009 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juvenes}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in San Marino]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2000]] [[Category:Umwhile Italian fitbaw clubs]] srzutwvl2kitf2i7duefs84n5tiszy0 868977 868976 2022-07-23T00:17:23Z Makenzis 43742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Juvenes/Dogana | image = | fullname = Associazione Calcio Juvenes/Dogana | nickname = ''Doganieri'' | founded = 2000 | ground = [[Stadio Olimpico (San Marino)|Stadio Olimpico]],<br/>[[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]], [[San Marino]] | capacity = 7000 | chairman = Don [[Giuseppe Innocentini]] | manager = ? | league = [[Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio]] | season = 2021-22 | position = 14th | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=00A0F0|body1=00A0F0|rightarm1=00A0F0|shorts1=000000|socks1=00A0F0| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_thinwhitesides|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=FF0000|body2=FF0000|rightarm2=FF0000|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=FF0000| }} '''A.C. Juvenes/Dogana''' is a [[San Marino|Sanmarinese]] [[fitbaw]] club, based in [[Dogana]], ceevil pairish o [[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]]. The club wis foondit in 2000 efter the merger o '''S.S. Juvenes''' (named efter a historical side in [[San Marino]]) an '''G.S. Dogana'''. Till saison 2006/07 Juvenes/Dogana wis the anerlie team tae play in baith Sanmarinese an [[Italy|Italian]] leagues, takin pairt in the ''Girone A'' o [[Campionato Sammarinese di Calcio|Campionato Sammarinese]] an in the Italian amateur levels, but it haes syne retired frae the Italian leagues.<ref>[http://www.figc-dilettanti-er.it/archivio.php?id=2&nextrow=&file=444 Emilia Romagna Amateur football yearbook 2007/08]</ref> The team's colours are licht blue, reid an white. == Honours == *'''[[Coppa Titano]]: 8''' ::'''S.S. Juvenes''': 1965, 1968, 1976, 1978, 1984 ::'''G.S. Dogana''': 1977, 1979 ::'''A.C. Juvenes/Dogana''': 2009 ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juvenes}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in San Marino]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2000]] [[Category:Umwhile Italian fitbaw clubs]] fwmmheqf0na69tov4tb2wgw57otp1hw 0 38037 868955 736510 2022-07-22T12:14:09Z 2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B Added scots pronunciation for name. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tolkien 1916.jpg|thumb|150px|right|J. R. R. Tolkien in [[1916]]]] '''John Ronald Reuel Tolkien''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|k|iː|n}};<ref>Tolkien pronounced his surname {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|k|iː|n}}, see his phonetic transcription published on the illustration in ''The Return of the Shadow: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part One.'' [Edited by] Christopher Tolkien. London: Unwin Hyman, [25 August] 1988. (The History of Middle-earth; 6) ISBN 0-04-440162-0. The position of the stress is not entirely fixed: stress on the second syllable ({{respell|tol|KEEN|'}} rather than {{respell|TOL|keen}}) has been used by some members of the Tolkien family. In [[General American]] the surname is also pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|oʊ|l|k|iː|n}}. This pronunciation no doubt arose by analogy with such words as ''toll'' and ''polka'', or because many General American speakers lack vowels of the [ɒ] and [ɔː] types; thus this becomes the closest possible approximation to the [[Received Pronunciation]] in their phonologies. Wells, John. 1990. Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow: Longman, ISBN 0-582-05383-8</ref> Scots: Jock Ronnie Ruel Tolkin [[3 Januar]] [[1892]] in [[Bloemfontein]], [[Orange Free State]]{{spaced ndash}}[[2 September]] [[1973]] in [[Bournemouth]], Ingland) wis an Inglis screiver, poet, [[Philology|philologist]], an university professor, maist weel kent as the author o the classic [[hie fantasie]] beuks ''[[The Hobbit]]'' an ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. ==References== <references/> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, J. R. R.}} [[Category:J. R. R. Tolkien| ]] [[Category:1892 births]] [[Category:1973 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis novelists]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis poets]] [[Category:20t-century philologists]] [[Category:20t-century Breetish short story writers]] [[Category:20t-century translators]] [[Category:Academics o the Varsity o Leeds]] [[Category:Alumni o Exeter College, Oxford]] [[Category:Anglo-Saxon studies scholars]] [[Category:Arthurian scholarts]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Breetish Airmy personnel o Warld War I]] [[Category:Inglis male novelists]] [[Category:Christian anarchists]] [[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:Constructit leid creautors]] [[Category:Creautors o writin seestems]] [[Category:Inglis childer's writers]] [[Category:Inglis Esperantists]] [[Category:Inglis fantasie writers]] [[Category:Inglis leeteratur academics]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Inglis philologists]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Inglis Tradeetionalist Catholics]] [[Category:Fellaes o Merton College, Oxford]] [[Category:Fellaes o Pembroke College, Oxford]] [[Category:Inklings]] [[Category:Lancashire Fusiliers officers]] [[Category:Linguists frae Ingland]] [[Category:Merton Professors o Inglis Leid an Leeteratur]] [[Category:Mythopoeic writers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at King Edward's School, Birmingham]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at St Philip's School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bloemfontein]] [[Category:Prometheus Awaird winners]] [[Category:Rawlinson an Bosworth Professors o Anglo-Saxon]] [[Category:Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Translators frae Auld Inglis]] [[Category:Writers frae Birmingham, Wast Midlands]] [[Category:Writers on Germanic paganism]] [[Category:Writers that illustratit thair ain writin]] [[Category:Breetish short story writers]] [[Category:Contreibutors tae the Oxford English Dictionary]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]] [[Category:Recipients o the Benson Medal]] {{Stub/Ingland}} dt5eyaciieuvbz2bxtuof63g7uzctkr 868958 868955 2022-07-22T13:44:50Z CiphriusKane 74958 Ondae reveesion 868955 bi [[Special:Contributions/2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B|2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B]] ([[User talk:2A00:23C5:DAB4:9001:CC9E:702B:FEDB:635B|Tauk]])Somebody's bein a cheeky wee... wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tolkien 1916.jpg|thumb|150px|right|J. R. R. Tolkien in [[1916]]]] '''John Ronald Reuel Tolkien''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|k|iː|n}};<ref>Tolkien pronounced his surname {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|k|iː|n}}, see his phonetic transcription published on the illustration in ''The Return of the Shadow: The History of The Lord of the Rings, Part One.'' [Edited by] Christopher Tolkien. London: Unwin Hyman, [25 August] 1988. (The History of Middle-earth; 6) ISBN 0-04-440162-0. The position of the stress is not entirely fixed: stress on the second syllable ({{respell|tol|KEEN|'}} rather than {{respell|TOL|keen}}) has been used by some members of the Tolkien family. In [[General American]] the surname is also pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|oʊ|l|k|iː|n}}. This pronunciation no doubt arose by analogy with such words as ''toll'' and ''polka'', or because many General American speakers lack vowels of the [ɒ] and [ɔː] types; thus this becomes the closest possible approximation to the [[Received Pronunciation]] in their phonologies. Wells, John. 1990. Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow: Longman, ISBN 0-582-05383-8</ref> [[3 Januar]] [[1892]] in [[Bloemfontein]], [[Orange Free State]]{{spaced ndash}}[[2 September]] [[1973]] in [[Bournemouth]], Ingland) wis an Inglis screiver, poet, [[Philology|philologist]], an university professor, maist weel kent as the author o the classic [[hie fantasie]] beuks ''[[The Hobbit]]'' an ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. ==References== <references/> {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, J. R. R.}} [[Category:J. R. R. Tolkien| ]] [[Category:1892 births]] [[Category:1973 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis novelists]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis poets]] [[Category:20t-century philologists]] [[Category:20t-century Breetish short story writers]] [[Category:20t-century translators]] [[Category:Academics o the Varsity o Leeds]] [[Category:Alumni o Exeter College, Oxford]] [[Category:Anglo-Saxon studies scholars]] [[Category:Arthurian scholarts]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Breetish Airmy personnel o Warld War I]] [[Category:Inglis male novelists]] [[Category:Christian anarchists]] [[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:Constructit leid creautors]] [[Category:Creautors o writin seestems]] [[Category:Inglis childer's writers]] [[Category:Inglis Esperantists]] [[Category:Inglis fantasie writers]] [[Category:Inglis leeteratur academics]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Inglis philologists]] [[Category:Inglis Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Inglis Tradeetionalist Catholics]] [[Category:Fellaes o Merton College, Oxford]] [[Category:Fellaes o Pembroke College, Oxford]] [[Category:Inklings]] [[Category:Lancashire Fusiliers officers]] [[Category:Linguists frae Ingland]] [[Category:Merton Professors o Inglis Leid an Leeteratur]] [[Category:Mythopoeic writers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at King Edward's School, Birmingham]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at St Philip's School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Bloemfontein]] [[Category:Prometheus Awaird winners]] [[Category:Rawlinson an Bosworth Professors o Anglo-Saxon]] [[Category:Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Translators frae Auld Inglis]] [[Category:Writers frae Birmingham, Wast Midlands]] [[Category:Writers on Germanic paganism]] [[Category:Writers that illustratit thair ain writin]] [[Category:Breetish short story writers]] [[Category:Contreibutors tae the Oxford English Dictionary]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]] [[Category:Recipients o the Benson Medal]] {{Stub/Ingland}} asb9g4826ndbvtmeg41gqddmtarqdgy 0 50665 868960 868892 2022-07-22T16:04:24Z SaadatWiki 95198 /* Fremmit airtins */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Taxobox | name = Avocado | image = Persea americana fruit 2.JPG | image_alt = Close-up picture o foliage an avocado fruit | image_caption = Avocado fruit an foliage, [[Réunion|Réunion island]] | image2 = Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg | image2_caption = Ripe avocado fruit an cross-section | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | phylum = [[Angiosperm]]s | classis = [[Magnoliid]]s | ordo = [[Laurales]] | familia = [[Lauraceae]] | genus = ''[[Persea]]'' | species = '''''P. americana''''' | binomial = ''Persea americana'' | binomial_authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]] | synonyms = ''Persea gratissima'' }} The '''avocado''' (''Persea americana'') is a [[tree]] native tae Central Mexico,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=H.|last2=Morrell|first2=P. L.|last3=Ashworth|first3=V. E. T. M.|last4=De La Cruz|first4=M.|last5=Clegg|first5=M. T.|title=Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars|journal=Journal of Heredity|volume=100|issue=1|pages=56–65|year=2008|pmid=18779226|doi=10.1093/jhered/esn068}}</ref> clessifee'd in the [[flouerin plant]] faimily [[Lauraceae]] alang wi [[cinnamon]], [[cinnamomum camphora|camphor]] an [[bay laurel]]. '''Avocado''' or '''alligator peir''' an aa refers tae the [[fruit]] ([[Botany|botanically]] a lairge [[berry]] that contains a single seed<ref>California Avocado Society 1973–74 Yearbook 57: 70–71, [http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_57_1973/CAS_1973-74_PG_070-071.pdf What kind of fruit is the avocado?]</ref>) o the tree. Avocados are commercially valuable an are cultivatit in tropical an Mediterranean climates throughoot the warld. Thay hae a green-skinned, fleshy body that mey be peir-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, it ripens efter harvestin. Trees are partially [[Self-pollination|self-pollinatin]] an eften are [[Plant propagation|propagatit]] throu [[graftin]] tae maintain a predictable quality an quantity o the fruit. == Cultivation == {| class="infobox" style="width: 14em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left" |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"|Fuid an agricultur |- | colspan=3 style="text-align:center"|[[File:Avocado.jpeg|frameless]] |- | colspan=3 style="text-align:center"|''Avocado fruit (cv. 'Fuerte'); left: whole, right: in section'' |- ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|'''Kintra''' ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|'''Quantity ([[Metric ton|Tm]])''' ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Warld Rank<ref name="FAO">[[FAO]] (2004) [http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html;jsessionid=1FD7B1AF15B3ADE8D52C26E94FF4B1EE?item=572&lang=en&year=2005 Major Producers of Avocado]</ref> |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Mexico | style="text-align: right"| 1,040,390 | style="text-align: right"| 1 |- | Indonesie | style="text-align: right"|263,575 | style="text-align: right"|2 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | United States o Americae | style="text-align: right"|214,000 | style="text-align: right"|3 |- | Colombie | style="text-align: right"|185,811 | style="text-align: right"|4 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Brazil | style="text-align: right"|175,000 | style="text-align: right"|5 |- | Chile | style="text-align: right"|163,000 | style="text-align: right"|6 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Dominican Republic | style="text-align: right"|140,000 | style="text-align: right"|7 |- | Peru | style="text-align: right"|102,000 | style="text-align: right"|8 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Cheenae | style="text-align: right"|85,000 | style="text-align: right"|9 |- | Ethiopie | style="text-align: right"|81,500 | style="text-align: right"|10 |- | colspan="3" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|<ref name="FAO" /> |} The tree graws tae {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}}, wi alternately arranged [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|12|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|25|cm|in|1}} lang. The [[flouer]]s are inconspicuous, greenish-yellae, {{convert|5|mm|in|1}} – {{convert|10|mm|in|1}} wide. The [[peir]]-shaped fruit is {{convert|7|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|20|cm|in|1}} lang, wechts atween {{convert|100|g|oz}} – {{convert|1000|g|oz}}, an haes a lairge central [[seed]], {{convert|5|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|6.4|cm|in|1}} lang.<ref name="isbn0-9610184-1-0">{{cite book |author=Dowling, Curtis F.; [[Julia Morton|Morton, Julia Frances]] |title=Fruits of warm climates |publisher=J.F. Morton |location=Miami, Fla |year=1987 |isbn=0-9610184-1-0}}</ref> The [[subtropical]] species needs a climate withoot frost an wi little wind. Heich winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flouers, an affect pollination. Whan even a mild frost occurs, prematur fruit drop mey occur, awtho the [[Hass avocado|Hass]] [[cultivar]] can tolerate temperaturs doun tae −1&nbsp;°C. The trees an aa need well-aeratit siles, ideally mair nor 1 m deep. Yield is reduced whan the irrigation watter is heichly [[salinity|saline]]. Thir sile an climate conditions are available anly in a few auries o the warld, pairteecularly in soothren [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Morocco]], [[Crete]], the [[Levant]], [[Sooth Africae]], [[Colombie]], [[Peru]], pairts o central an northren [[Chile]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]], pairts o soothren [[Indie]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[the Philippines]], [[Malaysie]], [[Central Americae]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Mexico]], [[Californie]], [[Arizona]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], [[Florida]], [[Hawai'i]], [[Ecuador]] an [[Rwanda]]. Ilk region haes different teeps o cultivars. == Culinary uses == {{nutritional value | name=Avocados, raw | water=73.23 g | kJ=670 | protein=2 g | fat=14.66 g | satfat=2.13 g | monofat=9.80 g | polyfat=1.82 g | carbs=8.53 g | fiber=6.7 g | sugars=0.66 g | calcium_mg=12 | iron_mg=0.55 | magnesium_mg=29 | phosphorus_mg=52 | potassium_mg=485 | sodium_mg=7 | zinc_mg=0.64 | manganese_mg=0.142 | opt1n=[[Fluoride]] | opt1v=7 µg | vitC_mg=10 | thiamin_mg=0.067 | riboflavin_mg=0.13 | niacin_mg=1.738 | pantothenic_mg=1.389 | vitB6_mg=0.257 | folate_ug=81 | vitA_ug=7 | betacarotene_ug=62 | lutein_ug=271 | vitE_mg=2.07 | vitK_ug=21 | source_usda = 1 | note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09037&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry] }} The fruit o horticultural cultivars haes a mercatly heicher [[fat]] content than maist ither fruit, maistly [[monounsaturatit fat|monounsaturated fat]], an as sic serves as an important staple in the diet o various groups whaur access tae ither fatty fuids (heich-fat meats an fish, dairy products, etc.) is limitit. A ripe avocado yields tae gentle pressur whan held in the palm o the haund an squeezed. The flesh is prone tae [[enzymatic brounin]]; it turns broun quickly efter exposur tae air. Tae prevent this, [[lime (fruit)|lime]] or [[lemon]] juice can be addit tae avocados efter thay are peeled. [[File:IndonesianFood JusAlpokat.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian-style]] avocado milkshake wi chocolate syrup]] The fruit is nae sweet, but rich, an distinctly yet subtly flavored, an o smuith, awmaist creamy textur. It is uised in baith savory an sweet dishes, tho in mony kintras nae for baith. The avocado is verra popular in [[vegetarian cuisine]], as substitute for meats in sandwiches an salads acause o its heich [[fat]] content. Generally, avocado is served raw, tho some cultivars, includin the common Hass, can be cuiked for a short time withoot acomin bitter. Caution shoud be uised whan cuikin wi untestit cultivars; the flesh o some avocados mey be rendered inedible bi heat. Prolonged cuikin induces this chemical reaction in aw cultivars.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bates|first1=Robert P.|title=HEAT-INDUCED OFF-FLAVOR IN AVOCADO FLESH|journal=Journal of Food Science|volume=35|page=478|year=1970|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb00962.x|issue=4}}</ref> It is uised as the base for the [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[dip (fuid)|dip]] kent as [[guacamole]], as well as a spread on [[corn tortillas]] or toast, served wi spices. In the [[Philippines]], [[Brazil]], [[Indonesie]], [[Vietnam]], an soothren [[Indie]] (especially the coastal [[Kerala]] an [[Karnataka]] region), avocados are frequently uised for milkshakes an occasionally addit tae [[ice cream]] an ither desserts. In [[Brazil]], [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]]<ref name="zeldes">{{cite web|last = Zeldes|first = Leah A.|authorlink = Leah A. Zeldes|title = Eat this! The ‘Hass’ avocado, black and green and creamy|work = Dining Chicago|publisher = Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc.|date = 2010-06-02|url = http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|accessdate = 2010-06-20|archive-date = 2015-09-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212023/http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|url-status = dead}}</ref> an [[Indonesie]], a [[dessert]] drink is made wi sugar, milk or watter, an pureed avocado. [[Chocolate syrup]] is whiles addit. In [[Morocco]], thare is a seemilar chilled avocado an milk drink, that is sweetened wi [[confectioner's sugar]] an hintit wi [[orange flouer watter]]. In [[Ethiopie]], avocados are made intae juice bi mixin them wi succar an milk or watter, uisually served wi [[Vimto]] an a slice o leemon. It is an aa very common tae serve layered multiple fruit juices in a gless (locally cried ''spreece'') made o avocados, mangoes, bananas, guavas an papayas. Avocados are an aa uised tae mak salads. Avocados in savory dishes, eften seen as exotic, are a relative novelty in [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]-speakin kintras, sic as [[Brazil]], whaur the tradeetional preparation is mashed wi succar an lime, an eaten as a dessert or snack. This contrasts wi Spainyie-speakin kintras, sic as [[Mexico]] or [[Argentinae]], whaur the opposite is true an sweet preparations are eften unheard o. In [[Australie]] an [[New Zealand]], it is commonly served in sandwiches, sushi, on toast, or wi chicken. In [[Ghana]], it is eften eaten alone in sliced breid as a sandwich. In Sri Lanka, well ripened flesh, thoroughly mashed wi succar an milk, or treacle (a syrup made frae the nectar o a parteecular palm flouer) wis ance a popular dessert. In [[Haiti]] it is eften consumed wi [[cassava]] or regular breid for breakfast. In Mexico an Central Americae, avocados are served mixed wi white rice, in soups, salads, or on the side o chicken an meat. In Peru, thay are consumed wi ''[[tequeño]]s'' as mayonnaise, served as a side dish wi ''[[Asado|parrillas]]'', uised in salads an sandwiches, or as a whole dish whan filled wi tuna, shrimp, or chicken. In Chile, it is uised as a puree wi chicken, [[hamburger]]s, an [[het dug]]s; an in slices for [[celery]] or [[lettuce]] salads. The Chilean version o [[Caesar salad]] contains lairge slices o matur avocado. In [[Kenyae]] an [[Nigerie]], the avocado is eften eaten as a fruit, an is eaten alone, or mixed wi ether fruits in a fruit salad, or as pairt o a vegetable salad. In Iran, it is uised as a rejuvenatin facial cream. A puree o the fruit wis uised tae thicken an flavor the liqueur [[Advocaat]] in its oreeginal recipe, made bi the Dutch population o [[Suriname]] an [[Recife]], wi the name derivin frae the same soorce. Avocado slices are frequently addit tae hamburgers, ''[[tortas]]'', [[het dugs]], an ''[[carne asada]]''. Avocado can be combined wi eggs (in scrambled eggs, tortillas or omelettes), an is a key ingredient in [[Californie roll]]s an ither ''[[makizushi]]'' ("maki", or rolled [[sushi]]). In soothren Africae, Avocado Ritz is a common dish.<ref>[http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&id=1 Recipe for avocado ritz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208025351/http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&id=1 |date=2011-12-08 }}</ref> In the [[Unitit Kinrick]], the avocado acame widely available in the 1960s whan it wis introduced bi [[Sainsbury's]] unner the name 'avocado peir'.<ref>{{cite news|last=Delgado|first=Martin|title=Sainsbury, M&S ... and the great ad-vocado war|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/food/article-1186938/Avocado-wars-M-S-Sainsburys-battle-introduced-fruit-first.html|newspaper=Daily Mail}}</ref> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{Cuikbeuk}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Avocado Pear}} {{Commons|Persea americana}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.ucavo.ucr.edu/AvocadoVarieties/VarietyFrame.html#Anchor-47857 Definitive illustrated list of avocado varieties] * [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html Avocados beyond ''Persea americana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107033301/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html |date=2006-11-07 }}, California Rare Fruit Growers * [https://wellnessic.blogspot.com/2022/04/surprising-benefits-of-eating-an-avocado.html Avocado and its surprising health benefits] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Mexico]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Sooth Americae]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae the Americaes]] [[Category:Hawaiian cuisine]] [[Category:Persea]] [[Category:Puerto Rican ingredients]] [[Category:Trees o Costa Rica]] [[Category:Trees o Guatemala]] [[Category:Trees o Honduras]] [[Category:Trees o Jamaica]] [[Category:Trees o Mexico]] [[Category:Trees o Nicaragua]] [[Category:Tropical agricultur]] [[Category:Tropical fruit]] j14wubqx1od3ws25zybn9h4nqtccbj5 868961 868960 2022-07-22T16:07:23Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o SaadatWiki, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Taxobox | name = Avocado | image = Persea americana fruit 2.JPG | image_alt = Close-up picture o foliage an avocado fruit | image_caption = Avocado fruit an foliage, [[Réunion|Réunion island]] | image2 = Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg | image2_caption = Ripe avocado fruit an cross-section | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | phylum = [[Angiosperm]]s | classis = [[Magnoliid]]s | ordo = [[Laurales]] | familia = [[Lauraceae]] | genus = ''[[Persea]]'' | species = '''''P. americana''''' | binomial = ''Persea americana'' | binomial_authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]] | synonyms = ''Persea gratissima'' }} The '''avocado''' (''Persea americana'') is a [[tree]] native tae Central Mexico,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=H.|last2=Morrell|first2=P. L.|last3=Ashworth|first3=V. E. T. M.|last4=De La Cruz|first4=M.|last5=Clegg|first5=M. T.|title=Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars|journal=Journal of Heredity|volume=100|issue=1|pages=56–65|year=2008|pmid=18779226|doi=10.1093/jhered/esn068}}</ref> clessifee'd in the [[flouerin plant]] faimily [[Lauraceae]] alang wi [[cinnamon]], [[cinnamomum camphora|camphor]] an [[bay laurel]]. '''Avocado''' or '''alligator peir''' an aa refers tae the [[fruit]] ([[Botany|botanically]] a lairge [[berry]] that contains a single seed<ref>California Avocado Society 1973–74 Yearbook 57: 70–71, [http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_57_1973/CAS_1973-74_PG_070-071.pdf What kind of fruit is the avocado?]</ref>) o the tree. Avocados are commercially valuable an are cultivatit in tropical an Mediterranean climates throughoot the warld. Thay hae a green-skinned, fleshy body that mey be peir-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, it ripens efter harvestin. Trees are partially [[Self-pollination|self-pollinatin]] an eften are [[Plant propagation|propagatit]] throu [[graftin]] tae maintain a predictable quality an quantity o the fruit. == Cultivation == {| class="infobox" style="width: 14em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left" |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;"|Fuid an agricultur |- | colspan=3 style="text-align:center"|[[File:Avocado.jpeg|frameless]] |- | colspan=3 style="text-align:center"|''Avocado fruit (cv. 'Fuerte'); left: whole, right: in section'' |- ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|'''Kintra''' ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|'''Quantity ([[Metric ton|Tm]])''' ! style="background:#e9e9e9;"|Warld Rank<ref name="FAO">[[FAO]] (2004) [http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html;jsessionid=1FD7B1AF15B3ADE8D52C26E94FF4B1EE?item=572&lang=en&year=2005 Major Producers of Avocado]</ref> |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Mexico | style="text-align: right"| 1,040,390 | style="text-align: right"| 1 |- | Indonesie | style="text-align: right"|263,575 | style="text-align: right"|2 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | United States o Americae | style="text-align: right"|214,000 | style="text-align: right"|3 |- | Colombie | style="text-align: right"|185,811 | style="text-align: right"|4 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Brazil | style="text-align: right"|175,000 | style="text-align: right"|5 |- | Chile | style="text-align: right"|163,000 | style="text-align: right"|6 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Dominican Republic | style="text-align: right"|140,000 | style="text-align: right"|7 |- | Peru | style="text-align: right"|102,000 | style="text-align: right"|8 |- style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Cheenae | style="text-align: right"|85,000 | style="text-align: right"|9 |- | Ethiopie | style="text-align: right"|81,500 | style="text-align: right"|10 |- | colspan="3" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;"|<ref name="FAO" /> |} The tree graws tae {{convert|20|m|ft|abbr=on}}, wi alternately arranged [[leaf|leaves]] {{convert|12|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|25|cm|in|1}} lang. The [[flouer]]s are inconspicuous, greenish-yellae, {{convert|5|mm|in|1}} – {{convert|10|mm|in|1}} wide. The [[peir]]-shaped fruit is {{convert|7|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|20|cm|in|1}} lang, wechts atween {{convert|100|g|oz}} – {{convert|1000|g|oz}}, an haes a lairge central [[seed]], {{convert|5|cm|in|1}} – {{convert|6.4|cm|in|1}} lang.<ref name="isbn0-9610184-1-0">{{cite book |author=Dowling, Curtis F.; [[Julia Morton|Morton, Julia Frances]] |title=Fruits of warm climates |publisher=J.F. Morton |location=Miami, Fla |year=1987 |isbn=0-9610184-1-0}}</ref> The [[subtropical]] species needs a climate withoot frost an wi little wind. Heich winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flouers, an affect pollination. Whan even a mild frost occurs, prematur fruit drop mey occur, awtho the [[Hass avocado|Hass]] [[cultivar]] can tolerate temperaturs doun tae −1&nbsp;°C. The trees an aa need well-aeratit siles, ideally mair nor 1 m deep. Yield is reduced whan the irrigation watter is heichly [[salinity|saline]]. Thir sile an climate conditions are available anly in a few auries o the warld, pairteecularly in soothren [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Morocco]], [[Crete]], the [[Levant]], [[Sooth Africae]], [[Colombie]], [[Peru]], pairts o central an northren [[Chile]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]], pairts o soothren [[Indie]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[the Philippines]], [[Malaysie]], [[Central Americae]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Mexico]], [[Californie]], [[Arizona]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], [[Florida]], [[Hawai'i]], [[Ecuador]] an [[Rwanda]]. Ilk region haes different teeps o cultivars. == Culinary uses == {{nutritional value | name=Avocados, raw | water=73.23 g | kJ=670 | protein=2 g | fat=14.66 g | satfat=2.13 g | monofat=9.80 g | polyfat=1.82 g | carbs=8.53 g | fiber=6.7 g | sugars=0.66 g | calcium_mg=12 | iron_mg=0.55 | magnesium_mg=29 | phosphorus_mg=52 | potassium_mg=485 | sodium_mg=7 | zinc_mg=0.64 | manganese_mg=0.142 | opt1n=[[Fluoride]] | opt1v=7 µg | vitC_mg=10 | thiamin_mg=0.067 | riboflavin_mg=0.13 | niacin_mg=1.738 | pantothenic_mg=1.389 | vitB6_mg=0.257 | folate_ug=81 | vitA_ug=7 | betacarotene_ug=62 | lutein_ug=271 | vitE_mg=2.07 | vitK_ug=21 | source_usda = 1 | note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09037&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry] }} The fruit o horticultural cultivars haes a mercatly heicher [[fat]] content than maist ither fruit, maistly [[monounsaturatit fat|monounsaturated fat]], an as sic serves as an important staple in the diet o various groups whaur access tae ither fatty fuids (heich-fat meats an fish, dairy products, etc.) is limitit. A ripe avocado yields tae gentle pressur whan held in the palm o the haund an squeezed. The flesh is prone tae [[enzymatic brounin]]; it turns broun quickly efter exposur tae air. Tae prevent this, [[lime (fruit)|lime]] or [[lemon]] juice can be addit tae avocados efter thay are peeled. [[File:IndonesianFood JusAlpokat.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesian-style]] avocado milkshake wi chocolate syrup]] The fruit is nae sweet, but rich, an distinctly yet subtly flavored, an o smuith, awmaist creamy textur. It is uised in baith savory an sweet dishes, tho in mony kintras nae for baith. The avocado is verra popular in [[vegetarian cuisine]], as substitute for meats in sandwiches an salads acause o its heich [[fat]] content. Generally, avocado is served raw, tho some cultivars, includin the common Hass, can be cuiked for a short time withoot acomin bitter. Caution shoud be uised whan cuikin wi untestit cultivars; the flesh o some avocados mey be rendered inedible bi heat. Prolonged cuikin induces this chemical reaction in aw cultivars.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bates|first1=Robert P.|title=HEAT-INDUCED OFF-FLAVOR IN AVOCADO FLESH|journal=Journal of Food Science|volume=35|page=478|year=1970|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb00962.x|issue=4}}</ref> It is uised as the base for the [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[dip (fuid)|dip]] kent as [[guacamole]], as well as a spread on [[corn tortillas]] or toast, served wi spices. In the [[Philippines]], [[Brazil]], [[Indonesie]], [[Vietnam]], an soothren [[Indie]] (especially the coastal [[Kerala]] an [[Karnataka]] region), avocados are frequently uised for milkshakes an occasionally addit tae [[ice cream]] an ither desserts. In [[Brazil]], [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]]<ref name="zeldes">{{cite web|last = Zeldes|first = Leah A.|authorlink = Leah A. Zeldes|title = Eat this! The ‘Hass’ avocado, black and green and creamy|work = Dining Chicago|publisher = Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc.|date = 2010-06-02|url = http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|accessdate = 2010-06-20|archive-date = 2015-09-21|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212023/http://www.diningchicago.com/blog/2010/06/02/eat-this-the-hass-avocado-black-and-green-and-creamy/|url-status = dead}}</ref> an [[Indonesie]], a [[dessert]] drink is made wi sugar, milk or watter, an pureed avocado. [[Chocolate syrup]] is whiles addit. In [[Morocco]], thare is a seemilar chilled avocado an milk drink, that is sweetened wi [[confectioner's sugar]] an hintit wi [[orange flouer watter]]. In [[Ethiopie]], avocados are made intae juice bi mixin them wi succar an milk or watter, uisually served wi [[Vimto]] an a slice o leemon. It is an aa very common tae serve layered multiple fruit juices in a gless (locally cried ''spreece'') made o avocados, mangoes, bananas, guavas an papayas. Avocados are an aa uised tae mak salads. Avocados in savory dishes, eften seen as exotic, are a relative novelty in [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]-speakin kintras, sic as [[Brazil]], whaur the tradeetional preparation is mashed wi succar an lime, an eaten as a dessert or snack. This contrasts wi Spainyie-speakin kintras, sic as [[Mexico]] or [[Argentinae]], whaur the opposite is true an sweet preparations are eften unheard o. In [[Australie]] an [[New Zealand]], it is commonly served in sandwiches, sushi, on toast, or wi chicken. In [[Ghana]], it is eften eaten alone in sliced breid as a sandwich. In Sri Lanka, well ripened flesh, thoroughly mashed wi succar an milk, or treacle (a syrup made frae the nectar o a parteecular palm flouer) wis ance a popular dessert. In [[Haiti]] it is eften consumed wi [[cassava]] or regular breid for breakfast. In Mexico an Central Americae, avocados are served mixed wi white rice, in soups, salads, or on the side o chicken an meat. In Peru, thay are consumed wi ''[[tequeño]]s'' as mayonnaise, served as a side dish wi ''[[Asado|parrillas]]'', uised in salads an sandwiches, or as a whole dish whan filled wi tuna, shrimp, or chicken. In Chile, it is uised as a puree wi chicken, [[hamburger]]s, an [[het dug]]s; an in slices for [[celery]] or [[lettuce]] salads. The Chilean version o [[Caesar salad]] contains lairge slices o matur avocado. In [[Kenyae]] an [[Nigerie]], the avocado is eften eaten as a fruit, an is eaten alone, or mixed wi ether fruits in a fruit salad, or as pairt o a vegetable salad. In Iran, it is uised as a rejuvenatin facial cream. A puree o the fruit wis uised tae thicken an flavor the liqueur [[Advocaat]] in its oreeginal recipe, made bi the Dutch population o [[Suriname]] an [[Recife]], wi the name derivin frae the same soorce. Avocado slices are frequently addit tae hamburgers, ''[[tortas]]'', [[het dugs]], an ''[[carne asada]]''. Avocado can be combined wi eggs (in scrambled eggs, tortillas or omelettes), an is a key ingredient in [[Californie roll]]s an ither ''[[makizushi]]'' ("maki", or rolled [[sushi]]). In soothren Africae, Avocado Ritz is a common dish.<ref>[http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&id=1 Recipe for avocado ritz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208025351/http://www.rainbownation.com/recipes/recipe.asp?type=1&id=1 |date=2011-12-08 }}</ref> In the [[Unitit Kinrick]], the avocado acame widely available in the 1960s whan it wis introduced bi [[Sainsbury's]] unner the name 'avocado peir'.<ref>{{cite news|last=Delgado|first=Martin|title=Sainsbury, M&S ... and the great ad-vocado war|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/food/article-1186938/Avocado-wars-M-S-Sainsburys-battle-introduced-fruit-first.html|newspaper=Daily Mail}}</ref> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{Cuikbeuk}} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Avocado Pear}} {{Commons|Persea americana}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.ucavo.ucr.edu/AvocadoVarieties/VarietyFrame.html#Anchor-47857 Definitive illustrated list of avocado varieties] * [http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html Avocados beyond ''Persea americana''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107033301/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/avocado.html |date=2006-11-07 }}, California Rare Fruit Growers [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Mexico]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Sooth Americae]] [[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae the Americaes]] [[Category:Hawaiian cuisine]] [[Category:Persea]] [[Category:Puerto Rican ingredients]] [[Category:Trees o Costa Rica]] [[Category:Trees o Guatemala]] [[Category:Trees o Honduras]] [[Category:Trees o Jamaica]] [[Category:Trees o Mexico]] [[Category:Trees o Nicaragua]] [[Category:Tropical agricultur]] [[Category:Tropical fruit]] 7o43fozp86nhrf2pgqjqiice0ag4ay9 0 57350 868987 850853 2022-07-23T09:15:55Z Cobra 3000 28371 Sortit oot Scots an pit in tags wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Chuquihuta |other_name = |native_name = Chuqi Uta |nickname = |settlement_type = Municipality |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Bolivia<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location athin Bolivie <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Bolivie}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Bolivie|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Potosí Depairtment]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces o Bolivie|Province]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Rafael Bustillo Province]] <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --> |seat_type = Seat |seat = [[Chuquihuta]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2001 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 6658 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone =-4 |utc_offset = -4 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|18|38|S|66|20|W|region:BO|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Chuquihuta Municipality''', kent as Chuquihuta Ayllu Jucumani an aw, is the fowert [[Municipalities o Bolivie|municipal section]] o the [[Rafael Bustillo Province]] in the [[Potosí Depairtment]] in [[Bolivie]]. It's seat is [[Chuquihuta]] (hispanic spellin ''Chuquiuta'', [[Aymara leid|Aymara]] Chuqi Uta, "gowd hoose"). The municipality wis creautit on 17t Juin 2009. Afore, the aurie wis a [[Cantons o Bolivie|canton]] (Chuquiuta Canton, Chuquihuta Canton) o the [[Uncía Municipality]]. == References == <references /> == Freemit airtins == *[http://www.ine.gob.bo/publicaciones/visorPdf.aspx?Codigo=050201&tipo=1 Uncía Municipality: population data an map, showin Chuquiuta Canton, nou Chuquihuta Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317184231/http://www.ine.gob.bo/publicaciones/visorPdf.aspx?Codigo=050201&tipo=1 |date=2012-03-17 }} {{Stub/SoothAmericae}}{{Potosí Depairtment}} [[Category:Municipalities o Potosí Depairtment]] mnlc854oyp46imegu86qvhms702uej6 0 66040 868963 868732 2022-07-22T16:38:32Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Spain in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] l29fufy6ty571iulue4sf4dl77w472k 868964 868963 2022-07-22T16:39:14Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Spain in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Man united|Man united]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] qajfzzeqmrxtw3pauogczammu980dns 868965 868964 2022-07-22T16:39:50Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Gilbert white house in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Man united|Man united]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] mht38ephjxs4m37g2fu0tvvmh716zsj 868966 868965 2022-07-22T16:40:31Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Gilbert white house in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Man united|Man united]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Mr Uk tiktok official|Mr uk tiktok official]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] m3n3ts49d2fcefmwudgj267qe18y9ru 868967 868966 2022-07-22T16:41:50Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Gilbert white house in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Man united|Man united]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Mr Uk tiktok official|Mr uk tiktok official]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000– | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] fip9jk17vs8ci06cglcb8r0dol5yben 868968 868967 2022-07-22T16:44:03Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2005 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Gilbert white house in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Real madrid |Real madrid ]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Real madrid |Real madrid]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Real madrid|Real madrid]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Real madrid|Real madrid]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Real madrid CF|Real madrid]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Man united|Man united]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Real madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[Real madrid |Real madrid]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Real madrid |Real madrid ]] () | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Mr Uk tiktok official|Mr uk tiktok official]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000– | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] 1lfyo43o63xgmwxufbwwl8itqygfon3 868969 868968 2022-07-22T16:45:47Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 62.254.8.198, chynged back tae last version bi 2A00:23C7:E085:7001:B03B:D730:FD02:9F88 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2013 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Spain in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] he9pvwmoh3bsr9vaerfljkita8dcvq0 868970 868969 2022-07-22T16:45:59Z 62.254.8.198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2013 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Spain in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He now lives in cornwall with his 2 black kids and works as a fishmonger in perranporth as a [[Fishmonger (association).He was One of the greatest Fishmongers in the modern era of Monging.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] 3vbt3zbubaat88q4ikpk4u8ghkw737o 868971 868970 2022-07-22T16:46:57Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 62.254.8.198, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = David | image = Spain-Tahiti, Confederations Cup 2013 (02) (Villa crop).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Villa playin for Spain in 2013 | fullname = David Villa Sánchez<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010: List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=2013-09-13|page=29|format=PDF|date=2010-06-04|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | height = {{height|m=1.75}}<ref name="Imdb">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2300567/bio|title=Biography for David Villa}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|3|df=y}}<ref name="David Villa">{{cite web| title = David Villa| url = http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| publisher = UEFA| accessdate = 2010-06-19| archive-date = 2020-02-17| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217154403/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=66414/profile/index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Langreo]], Spain | currentclub = [[Vissel Kobe]] | clubnumber = 7 | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 1991–1999 | youthclubs1 = [[UP Langreo|Langreo]] | years1 = 2000–2001 | clubs1 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting Gijón B]] | caps1 = 36 |goals1 = 14 | years2 = 2001–2003 | clubs2 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | caps2 = 80 |goals2 = 38 | years3 = 2003–2005 | clubs3 = [[Real Zaragoza|Zaragoza]] | caps3 = 73 |goals3 = 32 | years4 = 2005–2010 | clubs4 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | caps4 = 166 |goals4 = 108 | years5 = 2010–2013 | clubs5 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps5 = 77 |goals5 = 33 | years6 = 2013–2014 | clubs6 = [[Atlético Madrid]] | caps6 = 36 |goals6 = 13 | years7 = 2014–2018 | clubs7 = [[New York City FC|New York City]] | caps7 = 124 | goals7 = 80 | years8 = 2014 | clubs8 = → [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]] (loan) | caps8 = 4 | goals8 = 2 | years9 = 2019–2020 | clubs9 = [[Vissel Kobe|Vissel Kobe]] | caps9 = 24 | goals9 = 12 | nationalyears1 = 2000–2003 | nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 7 |nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005– | nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spain]] | nationalcaps2 = 98 |nationalgoals2 = 59 | nationalyears3 = 2002 | nationalteam3 = [[Asturias autonomous fitbaw team|Asturias]] | nationalcaps3 = 2 |nationalgoals3 = 1 | club-update = 16:29, 19 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 21:01, 2 September 2017 (UTC) }} '''David Villa Sánchez''' ({{IPA-es|daˈβið ˈβiʎa}}; born 3 December 1981), elknamit {{lang|ast|El Guaje}} ({{lang-ast|The Kid}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|title=David Villa Sánchez&nbsp;— Goal.com|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=2010-09-22|archive-date=2014-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122447/http://www.goal.com/en/people/spain/1713/david-villa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu/index.php?cod=27770|title=Diccionariu|publisher=Academia de la Llingua Asturiana|accessdate=2009-09-07|language=Spanish}}</ref> is a Spaingie [[association fitball|fitbawer]] who currently plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)|striker]] for [[Vissel Kobe]] an the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spaingie naitional fitbaw team]]. He can an aa operate as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Winger|winger]].He was One of the greatest footballers in the modern era of football.His childhood friend Bilal Hamid said'He is a talent for generations ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title = Awairds |bg = Gold |list1 = {{UEFA EURO 2008 Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament}} {{2010 UEFA Team of the Year}} {{UEFA European Football Championship top scorers}} {{FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball}} {{Sporting de Gijón Player of the Season}} {{ESPY Best MLS Player}} {{La Liga Player of the Year}} {{2016 MLS Best XI}} {{2017 MLS Best XI}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title = Spain squads |bg = #db000d |fg = #fbea0e |list1 = {{Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{Vissel Kobe squad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Villa, David}} [[Category:1981 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Langreo]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]] [[Category:Asturian fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Segunda División players]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Sporting de Gijón players]] [[Category:Real Zaragoza players]] [[Category:Valencia CF players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Spain internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Fitbaa Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Warld Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:Atlético Madrid fitbawers]] [[Category:New York City FC players]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Australie]] [[Category:Designatit Players (MLS)]] [[Category:Vissel Kobe players]] he9pvwmoh3bsr9vaerfljkita8dcvq0 0 66507 868986 782080 2022-07-23T09:13:57Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in tags wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox ryalty|monarch |name = Louis XVI |image = Antoine-François Callet - Louis XVI, roi de France et de Navarre (1754-1793), revêtu du grand costume royal en 1779 - Google Art Project.jpg |imgw = 200 |caption = Keeng Louis XVI bi [[Antoine-François Callet]] |succession = [[Leet o French monarchs|Keeng o Fraunce an Navarre]], ''later''<br>Keeng o the French |reign = 10 Mey 1774 – 21 September 1792 |coronation = 11 Juin 1775 |cor-type = france |full name = Louis Auguste de France |predecessor = [[Louis XV o Fraunce|Louis XV]] |successor = '''Monarchy abolished'''<br />[[French First Republic]]<br />[[Louis XVIII]] |spouse = [[Marie Antoinette]] |house = [[Hoose o Bourbon|Bourbons o Fraunce]] |father = [[Louis, Dauphin o France (1729–1765)|Louis, Dauphin o Fraunce]] |mother = [[Princess Maria Josepha o Saxony (1731–1767)|Maria Josepha o Saxony]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]] |birth_date = {{Birth date|1754|08|23|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Palace o Versailles]], [[Kinrick o Fraunce|Fraunce]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|1793|1|21|1754|8|23|df=y}} |death_place = [[Place de la Concorde|Place de la Révolution]], [[Paris]], [[French First Republic|Fraunce]] |place of burial = [[Basilica o St Denis|Ryal Basilica]], north o Paris |date of burial = 21 Januar 1815 | issue = [[Marie Thérèse o Fraunce|Marie Thérèse, "Madame Royale"]] <br /> [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin o France|Louis Joseph, Dauphin o Fraunce]] <br /> [[Louis XVII o Fraunce|Louis XVII, Keeng o Fraunce]] <br /> [[Sophie o Fraunce (1786-1787)|Sophie, "Madame Sophie"]] |signature = Signature of Louis XVI.svg | module = [[File:Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France.svg|100px|]] |}} '''Louis XVI''' (''Louis Auguste''; 23 August 1754 – 21 Januar 1793) wis King o [[Early modren Fraunce|Fraunce]] an [[Kinrick o Navarre|Navarre]] frae 1774 till 1791, efter which he wis subsequently [[Keeng o the French]] frae 1791 tae 1792, afore his deposeetion an [[Execution o Louis XVI|execution]] during the [[French Revolution]]. His faither, [[Louis, Dauphin o Fraunce (1729-1765)|Louis, Dauphin o Fraunce]], wis the son an [[heir apparent]] o [[Louis XV o Fraunce]]. Due tae the Dauphin's daith in 1765, Louis succeedit his grandfaither in 1774. ==Issue== #[[Marie Thérèse o Fraunce|''Marie Thérèse'' Charlotte o Fraunce, "Madame Royale"]] (19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) mairit [[Louis Antoine d'Artois, Duke o Angoulême]] but haed nae childer. # [[Louis Joseph, Dauphin o Fraunce|''Louis Joseph'' Xavier François o Fraunce, "Dauphin o Fraunce"]] (22 October 1781 – 4 Juin 1789) died o tuberculosis. # [[Louis XVII o Fraunce|Louis Charles o Fraunce, Duke o Normandy, Dauphin o Fraunce, "Keeng o Fraunce"]] (27 Mairch 1785 – 8 Juin 1795) died in childhood. # [[Sophie o Fraunce (1786-1787)|Sophie Hélène Beatrix o Fraunce, ''Madame Sophie'']] (9 Julie 1786 - 19 Juin 1787) died in infancy. ==Teetles an styles== * '''23 August 1754 – 20 December 1765''' ''[[His Ryal Highness]]'' The Duke o Berry, [[Son o Fraunce]]. * '''20 December 1765 – 10 Mey 1774''' ''His [[Ryal Highness]]'' The Dauphin o Fraunce. * '''10 Mey 1774 – 4 September 1791''' ''His Maist Christian Majesty'' The King o Fraunce. * '''4 September 1791 – 21 September 1792''' ''His Majesty'' The King o the French. *'''21 September 1792 – 21 Januar 1793''' Citizen Louis Capet. ==Ither wabsteids== {{Commonscat-inline|Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI o Fraunce}} {{Stub/Ryal}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Louis 16 O Fraunce}} [[Category:Louis XVI o Fraunce| ]] [[Category:1754 births]] [[Category:1793 daiths]] [[Category:1793 crimes]] [[Category:Buirials at the Basilica o St Denis]] [[Category:Dauphins o Fraunce]] [[Category:Dukes o Berry]] [[Category:Executit ryalty]] [[Category:Executit reignin monarchs]] [[Category:Knichts o the Gowden Fleece]] [[Category:Keengs o Fraunce]] [[Category:Leaders oosted bi a coup]] [[Category:Murthert monarchs]] [[Category:Fowk frae Île-de-France executit bi guillotine during the French Revolution]] [[Category:French fowk executit bi guillotine durin the French Revolution]] [[Category:Fowk executit for treason against Fraunce]] [[Category:Princes o Andorrae]] [[Category:Sons o Fraunce]] [[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o the Haly Spirit]] [[Category:Grand Masters o the Order o Saunt Michael]] [[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]] [[Category:Hoose o Bourbon (Fraunce)]] [[Category:18t-century monarchs in Europe]] of3rpd4z1610qnuj3rrph1wf2wcg3s7 0 73047 868957 645308 2022-07-22T12:53:48Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in tags wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|41|05|N|3|27|W|display=title|region:ES_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}{{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox Settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = La Hiruela |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Spain|Municipality]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map =La Hiruela (Madrid) mapa.svg |mapsize =300px |map_caption =Municipal location athin the Commonty o Madrid. |pushpin_map =<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =above |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Spain <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Commonty o Madrid]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |<!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2008 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |coordinates = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''La Hiruela''' is a [[Municipalities o Spain|municipality]] o the [[Commonty o Madrid]], [[Spain]]. {{Stub/Spain}}{{Municipalities in the Commonty o Madrid}} [[Category:Municipalities in the Commonty o Madrid]] [[Category:Populatit places in the Commonty o Madrid]] rjazo5wz6vwt4vlpg44wsf4gst95co7 0 83467 868974 855371 2022-07-22T20:00:17Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in Infobox an stub tag wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}{{Infobox officeholder|honourific_prefix=[[Malay titles#Honorary styles|Yang Berbahagia]] [[Datuk]]<ref>{{cite news |title=It's Datuk Jackie Chan from now on after award from Malaysian king |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/its-datuk-jackie-chan-from-now-on-after-award-from-malaysian-king|website=The Straits Times |date=2 February 2015}}</ref>|name=Jackie Chan|honourific_suffix={{post-nominals|size=100%|post-noms=[[Silver Bauhinia Star|SBS]] [[Member of the Order of the British Empire|MBE]] [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the Malaysian states and federal territories|PMW]]}}|image=Jackie Chan Cannes 2012.jpg|alt=|caption=Jackie Chan in 2012|office=Member of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]|term_start=March 2013|term_end=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|4|7}}|birth_place=[[British Hong Kong]]|death_date=<!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->|resting_place_coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->|burial_place=<!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) -->|burial_coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->|occupation={{hlist|Martial artist|actor|filmmaker|action choreographer|singer|stunt director|stunt performer}}|spouse={{marriage|[[Joan Lin]]|1982}}|awards=[[#Awards and nominations|Full list]]|website={{URL|jackiechan.com}}|module={{infobox musical artist|embed=yes | years_active = 1962–present | background = solo_singer | genre = [[Cantopop]], [[Mandopop]], [[Hong Kong English pop]], [[J-pop]] }}|module2={{Infobox Chinese |child = yes | headercolor = #ff7f50 | name1 = Birth name | t = 陳港生 | ci = {{IPAc-yue|c|an|4|-|g|ong|2|.|s|ang|1}} | j = {{Jpingauto|Can4 Gong2 Sang1}} | l= Chan the [Hong] Kong-born | altname = Stage name | t2 = 成龍 | s2 = 成龙 | l2=Becoming the Dragon | j2 = Sing4 Lung4 | ci2 = {{IPAc-yue|s|ing|4|-|l|ung|4}} | altname3 = Real name | t3 = 房仕龍 | s3 = 房仕龙 | p3 = Fáng Shìlóng | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|f|ang|2|-|shi|4|.|l|ong|2}} | j3 = {{Jpingauto|Fong4 Si6 Lung4}} }}|signature=|signature_size=|signature_alt=|footnotes=}}'''Jackie Chan''', [[Silver Bauhinia Star|SBS]], [[Member o the Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=51772|date=16 June 1989|startpage=17|supp=yes|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> (born '''Chan Kong-sang''', {{lang|zh|{{linktext|陳|港|生}}}}; 7 Aprile 1954)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jackiechan.com/biography.htm |title=Biography section, official website of Jackie |publisher=Jackiechan.com |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> is a [[Hong Kong fowk|Hong Kong]] actor, [[Stage combat|action choreographer]], comedian, director, producer, [[mairtial airtist]], screenwriter, entrepreneur, sangster, an [[stunt performer]]. ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Actor}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chan, Jackie}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Jackie Chan| ]] [[Category:20t-century Hong Kong male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Hong Kong male actors]] [[Category:Best Action Choreographer HKFA]] [[Category:Cantopop sangsters]] [[Category:Hong Kong Buddhists]] [[Category:Hong Kong male comedians]] [[Category:Hong Kong entrepreneurs]] [[Category:Hong Kong male film actors]] [[Category:Hong Kong film directors]] [[Category:Hong Kong film producers]] [[Category:Hong Kong kung fu practeetioners]] [[Category:Hong Kong male sangsters]] [[Category:Hong Kong Mandopop sangsters]] [[Category:Hong Kong mairtial airtists]] [[Category:Hong Kong philanthropists]] [[Category:Hong Kong screenwriters]] [[Category:Hong Kong male vyce actors]] [[Category:Hong Kong wushu practeetioners]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:Running Man (TV series) contestants]] [[Category:Hong Kong stunt performers]] [[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]] mss5x8qfqkbdly31116l2nobamg15if 0 84754 868983 833273 2022-07-23T09:04:27Z Cobra 3000 28371 Sortit oot Scots an pit in stub tag wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |name = Tlalchapa |settlement_type =[[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]] |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize =300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = 300px |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Mexico <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =above |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Mexico <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Mexico}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Mexico|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Guerrero]] |subdivision_type2 = Municipal seat |subdivision_name2 = [[Tlalchapa]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 414.3<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2005 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 11,286 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|18|16|N|100|16|W|region:MX-GRO|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Tlalchapa''' is ane o the 81 [[municipalities o Guerrero]], in sooth-wastren [[Mexico]]. The municipal seat lies at [[Tlalchapa]]. The municipality kivver a aurie o 414.3&nbsp;km². As o 2005, the municipality haed a total population o 11,286.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tlalchapa|url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/guerrero/municipios/12064a.htm|work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal]]|accessdate=December 23, 2008|archive-date=2006-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061129164047/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/guerrero/municipios/12064a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Mexico}}{{Guerrero}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tlalchapa (Municipality)}} [[Category:Municipalities o Guerrero]] 25g4s04ocjq4s7r9ikhwr3epcjtwzlw 0 90256 868962 865274 2022-07-22T16:18:15Z Aristeas 83935 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Tübingen - Neckarfront - Blick entlang Neckar im Herbst.jpg]] → [[File:Tübingen - Neckarinsel - Blick entlang Neckar im Herbst.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR1|Criterion 1]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox River | mouth = [[Rhine]]<br>{{coord|49|30|43|N|8|26|14|E|region:DE|display=inline,title}} | basin_countries = [[Germany]] | length = {{convert|367|km|abbr=on}} |image=Tübingen - Neckarinsel - Blick entlang Neckar im Herbst.jpg|name=Neckar}} The '''Neckar''' ({{IPA-de|ˈnɛkaɐ̯|-|Neckar.ogg}}) is a {{convert|367|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} lang [[river]] in [[Germany]], mainly flowin through the soothwastren [[States o Germany|state]] o [[Baden-Württemberg]], wi a short section through [[Hesse]]. [[Category:Rhine basin]] [[Category:Rivers o Baden-Württemberg]] [[Category:Rivers o Hesse]] [[Category:Federal watterways in Germany]] [[Category:Rivers o Germany]] 93nda0yhvh4n8pgj2uios9nd921e81c 0 135567 868981 868716 2022-07-23T01:35:19Z Stephan1000000 59533 episodes wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced|date=September 2019|name=Unsourced}} {{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}} {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Case Closed | image = [[File:Case Closed Volume 36.png|230px]] | caption = ''Case Closed'' volume 36 bo [[Viz Media]] | ja_kanji = 名探偵コナン | ja_romaji = Meitantei Conan | genre = [[Detective feection]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = [[Gosho Aoyama]] | publisher = [[Shogakukan]] | publisher_en = {{English manga publishers | NA = [[Viz Media]] | UK = [[Victor Gollancz Ltd]] | SG = [[Shogakukan Asia]] }} | demographic = ''[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]'' | magazine = [[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]] | first = Januar 19, 1994 | last = | volumes = 101 | volume_list = Leet o Case Closed volumes }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = [[Kenji Kodama]] <small>(#1-118)</small><br /> [[Yasuichiro Yamamoto]] <small>(#119-332, #667-currently)</small><br> Masato Satō <small>(#333-504)</small><br>Kōjin Ochi <small>(#505-666)</small> | producer = Michihiko Suwa<br /> Masahito Yoshioka | writer = Jun'ichi Ii'oka <small>(Story Eeditor)</small> | music = Katsuo Ono | studio = [[TMS Entertainment]] | licensee = {{English anime licensees | AUS = Hanabee Entertainment | NA = [[Funimation]], [[Crunchyroll]] }} | network = [[Nippon Television Network System|NNS]] ([[Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation|ytv]]) | network_en = {{English anime networks | CA = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] | PH = [[Animax Asia]], [[GMA Network]] | US = [[Cartoon Network]], [[Funimation Channel]], [[Colours TV]] | NA = [[Crunchyroll]] }} | first = Januar 8, 1996 | last = | episodes = 1051+ | episode_list = Leet o Case Closed episodes (saisons 16–current) }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Related media | content = * [[Leet o Case Closed films|''Case Closed'' films]] * [[Leet o Case Closed OVAs|''Case Closed'' OVAs]] * ''[[Lupin the 3rd vs. Detective Conan]]'' * [[Case Closed discografie|''Case Closed'' discografie]] * [[Leet o Case Closed live action drama episodes|''Case Closed'' live action drama]] * [[Leet o Case Closed video gemmes|''Case Closed'' video gemmes]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} '''''Case Closed''''', kent as {{Nihongo|'''''Detective Conan'''''|名探偵コナン|Meitantei Conan}} forby, is a Japanese [[detective feection|detective]] [[manga]] series written an illustratit bi [[Gosho Aoyama]]. [[Category:Case Closed| ]] [[Category:1994 manga]] [[Category:Meestery televeesion series]] [[Category:1996 anime televeesion series]] [[Category:2011 Japanese televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:Comedy-drama anime an manga]] [[Category:Comic beuk leemitit series]] [[Category:Detective anime an manga]] [[Category:Funimation Entertainment]] [[Category:Anime series based on manga]] [[Category:Japanese televeesion dramas based on manga]] [[Category:Manga adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Programmes acquired bi GMA Network]] [[Category:Shogakukan manga]] [[Category:Shōnen manga]] [[Category:Size chynge in feection]] [[Category:TMS Entertainment]] [[Category:Viz Media manga]] [[Category:Winners o the Shogakukan Manga Awaird for shōnen manga]] [[Category:Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation shaws]] {{stub/Japan}} ntgx54tc0wjgtswwlj7nfvwtp2vbksr 0 135910 868975 828014 2022-07-22T22:20:30Z Ahti-Saku 94806 File wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lemmy-02.jpg|thumb|Lemmy (2005)]] '''Lemmy Kilmister''' (born [[24 December|24t December]] [[1945]] in [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Staffordshire]], [[Ingland]]; deid [[28 December|28t December]] [[2015]] in [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swr3.de/aktuell/nachrichten/Lemmy-Kilmister-ist-tot/-/id=47428/did=3657780/bpdzio/ |title=''Motörhead-Frontmann Lemmy Kilmister ist tot.'' |access-date=2016-01-04 |archive-date=2015-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229093402/http://www.swr3.de/aktuell/nachrichten/Lemmy-Kilmister-ist-tot/-/id=47428/did=3657780/bpdzio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>) wis a Inglish sangster an bassist that wis wi the rock groups [[Motörhead]] an [[Hawkwind]]. ==References== <references/> {{stub/Ingland}} {{stub/Muisic}} [[Category:Inglis male sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis rock sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis rock bass guitarists]] [[Category:1945 births]] [[Category:2015 daiths]] e59144nvk54zuh5fe877t428n6jgcg5 0 136549 868982 799158 2022-07-23T07:35:15Z PDMagazineCoverUploading 95242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Wastren filosofie]] | era = [[17t-century philosophour]] | image = Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG | image_size = 250px | caption = Pentin o Blaise Pascal made bi François II Quesnel for Gérard Edelinck in 1691. | name = Blaise Pascal | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1623|6|19}} | birth_place = [[Clermont-Ferrand]],<br />[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]], [[Early modren Fraunce|Fraunce]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1662|8|19|1623|6|19}} | death_place = Paris, Fraunce | residence = Fraunce | nationality = French | school_tradition = {{vunblist |[[Jansenism]] |Proto-[[existentialism]]}} | main_interests = {{hlist |Theology |Mathematics |Philosofie |[[Pheesics]]}} | influences = {{hlist |[[St. Augustine o Hippo]] |[[Michel de Montaigne]] |[[René Descartes]] |[[Cornelius Jansen]] |[[Epictetus]]}} | influenced = {{hlist |[[Antoine Arnauld]] |[[Pierre Duhem]] |[[William James]] |[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|G. W. Leibniz]] |[[Léon Brunschvicg]] |[[Alexis de Tocqueville]] |[[Henri Bergson]]}} | notable_ideas = {{vunblist |[[Pascal's Wager]] |[[Pascal's triangle]] |[[Pascal's law]] |[[Pascal's theorem]]}} | religion = [[Roman Catholic]] }} ''' Blaise Pascal''' (19 Juin 1623 – 19 August 1662) wis a French [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], inventor, writer an Catholic philosophour. He wis a [[bairn prodigy]] that wis eddicated bi his faither, a tax collector in [[Rouen]]. Pascal's earliest wark wis in the naitural an applee'd sciences whaur he makkit important contreibutions tae the study o [[fluid]]s, an clarified the concepts o [[pressur]] an [[vacuum]] bi generalisin the wark o [[Evangelista Torricelli]]. Pascal wrote in defence o the [[scienteefic method]] an aw. In 1642, while still a teenager, he stairted some pioneerin wark on calculatin machines. Efter three years o effort an 50 prototeeps,<ref>[http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Machine_d%E2%80%99arithm%C3%A9tique (fr) La Machine d'arithmétique, Blaise Pascal], Wikisource</ref> he biggit 20 feenisht machines (cawed [[Pascal's calculator]]s an later Pascalines) ower the follaein 10 years,<ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Les machines arithmétiques de Blaise Pascal|first=Guy|last=Mourlevat|year=1988|publisher=La Française d'Edition et d'Imprimerie|location=Clermont-Ferrand|page=12}}</ref> foondit him as ane o the first twa inventors o the [[mechanical calculator]].<ref>See [http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal Schickard versus Pascal: An Empty Debate?] an {{cite book |language=fr|title=Histoire des instruments et machines à calculer, trois siècles de mécanique pensante 1642–1942|first=Jean|last=Marguin|year=1994|publisher=Hermann|isbn=978-2-7056-6166-3|page=48}} </ref><ref>{{cite book |language=fr|title=Le calcul simplifié|first=Maurice|last=d'Ocagne|year=1893|publisher=Gauthier-Villars et fils|page=245|url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?8KU54-2.5/248/150/369/363/369}}</ref> Pascal wis an important mathematician, helpin creaut twa major new auries o resairch: he wrote a signeeficant treatise on the subject o [[projective geometry]] at the age o 16, an later correspondit wi [[Pierre de Fermat]] on [[probability theory]], strangly influencin the development o modren economics an [[social sciences|social science]]. Follaein [[Galileo Galilei]] an Torricelli, in 1647, he rebuttit [[Aristotle]]'s follaers that insistit that [[Horror vacui (pheesics)|naitur abhors a vacuum]]. Pascal's results caused mony disputes afore bein acceptit. In 1646, he an his sister Jacqueline identifeed wi the releegious muivement within [[Catholicism]] kent bi its detractors as [[Jansenism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11511a.htm |title=Blaise Pascal |accessdate=23 February 2009 |work=Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref> Follaein a releegious experience in late 1654, he begoud writin influential warks on filosofie an theology. His twa maist famous warks date frae this period: the ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' an the ''[[Pensées]]'', the umwhile set in the conflict atween Jansenists an [[Jesuits]]. In that year, he wrat an important treatise aboot the arithmetical triangle an aw. Atween 1658 an 1659, he wrote aboot the [[cycloid]] an its uise in calculatin the vollum o solits. Ootthrou his life, Pascal wis in fail halth, espeicially efter the age o 18; he dee'd juist twa month efter his 39t birthday.<ref>Hald, Anders ''A History of Probability and Statistics and Its Applications before 1750'', (Wiley Publications, 1990) pp.44</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Blaise}} [[Category:1623 births]] [[Category:1662 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clermont-Ferrand]] [[Category:French Roman Catholic writers]] [[Category:Writers frae Auvergne]] [[Category:17t-century French writers]] [[Category:17t-century French mathematicians]] [[Category:17t-century philosophers]] [[Category:Aphorists]] [[Category:Blaise Pascal| ]] [[Category:Christian apologists]] [[Category:Christian humanists]] [[Category:Christian meestics]] [[Category:Christian philosophers]] [[Category:Creetics o atheism]] [[Category:Converts tae Roman Catholicism]] [[Category:Fluid deenamicists]] [[Category:French mathematicians]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:French pheesicists]] [[Category:French scientists]] [[Category:17t-century French theologians]] [[Category:Hypochondriacs]] [[Category:Jansenists]] [[Category:Probability theorists]] [[Category:Roman Catholic filosofers]] [[Category:17t-century Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Buirials at Saint-Étienne-du-Mont]] 55zh80gl35zi8y5cmc30k7fjcigecic 0 150654 868988 556443 2022-07-23T09:18:55Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag. Howp a got the categorie richt wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Galileo'' (spacecraft)}} {{Infobox spaceflight | name = ''Galileo'' | image = File:Artwork Galileo-Io-Jupiter.JPG | image_size = 260px | image_caption = Artist's concept o ''Galileo'' at Io; the heich-gain antenna is fully deployed. | insignia = Galileo mission patch.png | insignia_size = 140px | mission_type = [[Jupiter]] orbiter | operator = [[NASA]]<ref>[http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/galileo.htm Galileo] Gunter's Spcae Page. Retrivied 11 May 2016.</ref> | website = {{url|http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/}} | COSPAR_ID = 1989-084B | SATCAT = 20298 | mission_duration = 14 years in space <br /> 8&nbsp;years in Jovian orbit | manufacturer = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] <br /> [[Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm]]<ref name="Galileo Project"/><br />[[General Electric]]<ref name="Galileo Project">[http://astro.if.ufrgs.br/solar/galfs.htm Galileo Project]</ref><br />[[Hughes Aircraft Company]]<ref name="Galileo Project"/> | dry_mass = {{convert|2380|kg}}<br/>Probe: {{convert|339|kg}} | launch_mass = {{convert|5712|kg|lb}} | power = Orbiter: 570&nbsp;watts<br/>Probe: 580&nbsp;watts | launch_date = {{start-date|October 18, 1989, 16:53:40|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC | launch_rocket = {{nowrap|{{OV|104}}}}<br/>[[STS-34]] / [[Inertial Upper Stage|IUS]] | launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39B]] | launch_contractor = | entered_service = December 8, 1995{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} | disposal_type = Deorbitit | decay_date = {{end-date|September 21, 2003, 18:57:00|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Zenocentric orbit | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | apsis = zene |interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = fleebi |note = gravity assist |object = [[Venus]] |distance = {{convert|16106|km|mi|sp=us}} |arrival_date = Februar 10, 1990 }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = fleebi |note = gravity assist |object = [[Earth]] |distance = {{convert|960|km|mi|sp=us}} |arrival_date = December 8, 1990 }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = fleebi |note = incidental |object = {{ats|951|Gaspra}} |distance = {{convert|1600|km|mi|sp=us}} |arrival_date = October 29, 1991 }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = fleebi |note = gravity assist |object = [[Yird]] |distance = {{convert|300|km|mi|sp=us}} |arrival_date = December 8, 1992 }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = fleebi |note = incidental |object = {{ats|243|Ida}} |distance = {{convert|2400|km|mi|sp=us}} |arrival_date = August 28, 1993 }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = atmospheric |component = [[Galileo Probe|Probe]] |object = [[Jupiter]] |location = {{Coord|06|05|00|N|04|04|00|W|globe:jupiter|name=Galileo Probe (Galileo)}}<br/><small>at entry interface</small> |arrival_date = December 7, 1995, 22:04&nbsp;UTC<br/><small>Operatit for 57 minutes</small> }} {{Infobox spaceflight/IP |type = orbiter |component = Orbiter |object = [[Jupiter]] |orbits = |arrival_date = December 8, 1995, 01:20:00&nbsp;UTC }} }} '''''Galileo''''' wis an [[Unitit States|American]] [[unmanned spacecraft]] that studied the planet [[Jupiter]] an [[Muins o Jupiter|its muins]], as well as several ither Solar Seestem bouks. ==References== {{reflist}}{{Stub/Astronomy}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Galileo (Spacecraft)}} [[Category:Galileo (spacecraft)| ]] [[Category:Destroyed space probes|Galileo (destroyed September 21, 2003)]] [[Category:Missions tae Jupiter]] [[Category:NASA space probes]] [[Category:Flagship Programme]] [[Category:Laser communication in space]] [[Category:Spacecraft launched bi the Space Shuttle]] [[Category:Missions tae asteroids]] [[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1989]] [[Category:Lunar fleebis]] [[Category:NASA programmes]] [[Category:Space programme o Germany]] [[Category:1989 establishments in the Unitit States]] ghh31g134xvmwnqb2q7t89xg4kc7i63 0 201153 868985 837805 2022-07-23T09:10:20Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in unsoorced banner wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{taxobox |image = Alchemilla alpina1.JPG |regnum = [[Plant]]ae |unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |ordo = [[Rosales]] |familia = [[Rosaceae]] |genus = ''[[Alchemilla]]'' |species = '''''A. alpina''''' |binomial = ''Alchemilla alpina'' |binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] }} '''''Alchemilla alpina''''', commonly kent as '''milsprinda''', is an arctic-montane [[herbaceous]] perennial plant hamelt in Europe an Soothren Greenland.{{stub/Plaunt}}{{taxonbar|from=Q162477}} [[Category:Rosoideae]] [[Category:Plants descrived in 1753]] lxytf2b19a4ehxgwey6q7ntup9aoc7y 2 203345 868979 844702 2022-07-23T00:22:11Z Makenzis 43742 /* Pirma lyga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makenzis''' - public relationships and media specialist. == data basis == * [[21 Januar]] * [[12 Februar]] == fitbaw team == * [[Rayo Vallecano]] * [[PSV Eindhoven]] * [[FK Austria Wien]] * [[Reid Starn Belgrade]] * [[U.S. Sassuolo Calcio]] * [[Rosenborg BK]] * [[Nagoya Grampus]] * [[Unión Española]] * [[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]] * [[Al Sadd SC]] * [[Ajman Club]] * [[Kitchee SC]] * [[Al Ahly SC]] * [[Al-Hilal FC]] * [[Lithuanie naitional fitbaw team]] == A lyga == * [[FK Žalgiris]] * [[FK Sūduva]] * [[FK Riteriai]] * [[FK Kauno Žalgiris]] * [[FK Panevėžys]] * [[FK Banga Gargždai]] * [[FC Džiugas Telšiai]] * [[FK Nevėžis Kėdainiai]] * [[FC Hegelmann Litauen]] * [[DFK Dainava]] * [[FK Jonava]] olrc7wwiddg1vc2ylwzt3bwcqlai4k2 868980 868979 2022-07-23T00:23:50Z Makenzis 43742 /* A lyga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makenzis''' - public relationships and media specialist. == data basis == * [[21 Januar]] * [[12 Februar]] == fitbaw team == * [[Rayo Vallecano]] * [[PSV Eindhoven]] * [[FK Austria Wien]] * [[Reid Starn Belgrade]] * [[U.S. Sassuolo Calcio]] * [[Rosenborg BK]] * [[Nagoya Grampus]] * [[Unión Española]] * [[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]] * [[Al Sadd SC]] * [[Ajman Club]] * [[Kitchee SC]] * [[Al Ahly SC]] * [[Al-Hilal FC]] * [[Lithuanie naitional fitbaw team]] == A lyga == * [[FK Žalgiris]] * [[FK Sūduva]] * [[FK Riteriai]] * [[FK Kauno Žalgiris]] * [[FK Panevėžys]] * [[FK Banga Gargždai]] * [[FC Džiugas Telšiai]] * [[FK Nevėžis Kėdainiai]] * [[FC Hegelmann Litauen]] * [[DFK Dainava]] * [[FA Šiauliai]] * [[FK Jonava]] p40yfao3nnwdl4o9khy73tzfojol7bv 0 215557 868978 867538 2022-07-23T00:21:39Z Makenzis 43742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Džiugas | image = | fullname = VšĮ „Telšių futbolo ateitis“ <br> Futbolo klubas Džiugas | nickname = ''žemaičiai'' ([[samogithians]]) | founded = 1923 SA Džiugas <br /> 1991 FK Džiugas <br/> 2014 FC Džiugas | ground = [[Centrinis stadionas (Telšiai)]]<br/>[[Telšiai]] | capacity = 3.000 | chairman = Martynas Armalis | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = Joao Prates | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[A lyga]] | season = [[2021]] | position = A lyga, 8:t | website = [http://www.fcdziugas.lt fcdziugas.lt] | current = 2021 A lyga saison | pattern_la1 = |pattern_b1 = |pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = 8C1116 |body1 = 8C1116 |rightarm1 = 8C1116 |shorts1 = 8C1116 |socks1 = 8C1116 | pattern_la2 = |pattern_b2 = |pattern_ra2 =| leftarm2 = 000000 |body2 = 000000 |rightarm2 = 000000 |shorts2 = 000000 |socks2 = 000000 }} '''Futbolo klubas Džiugas''' ({{IPA-lt| [dziugas] |pron}}; '''Džiugas''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Telšiai]] that plays in the [[A lyga]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''[[Pirma lyga]] (D2)''' ** 1 plass: 2019 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu14lyga2w.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://alyga.lt/ Offeecial wabsteid: A lyga] {{lt icon}} * [http://www.fcdziugas.lt Offeecial wabsteid: fcdziugas.lt] * [https://uk.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/diugas-teliai/30669/ FC Džiugas: Soccerway] * [https://www.sofascore.com/team/football/dziugas-telsiai/168446 FC Džiugas: Sofascore] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-dziugas-telsiai/20684/ Globalsportsarchive] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dziugas}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] gkvu17od7frvxhbzxphq8vj5uzez3g6 0 222423 868984 866874 2022-07-23T09:06:36Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tags wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Scottish scientist}} {{Infobox scientist | honorific_prefix = | name = Nancy K. Conn | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Agnes Kirkland Conn<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sears |first1=Charles |title=Agnes Kirkland Conn |journal=BMJ |date=2013 |volume=347 |pages=28 |doi=10.1136/bmj.f7263}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date|1919|06|27|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Baurhead|Baurhead, Scotland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|03|20|1919|06|27}} | death_place = [[Bearsden|Bearsden, Scotland]] | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | pronounce = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = [[Scottish People|Scottish]] | fields = [[Bacteriology]] | workplaces = [[Western General Hospital|Western General Hospital, Edinburgh]], [[NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde|Greater Glasgow Health Board]] | patrons = | education = [[High School of Dundee]] | alma_mater = [[University of St Andrews]] | thesis_title = | thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )--> | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Stainchin the 1970 [[Edinburgh]] [[typhoid]] outbreak | influences = | influenced = | awards = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}--> | footnotes = }} '''Nancy K. Conn''' wis a Scottish [[bacteriology|bacteriologist]] kent maistly fur her wark on keppin [[typhoid]] frae spreidin throu Edinburgh in the simmer o 1970.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Joe |title=The incredible story of Dr Nancy Conn, who saved '70s Edinburgh from typhoid using sanitary pads |url=https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/edinburgh-news/incredible-story-dr-nancy-conn-18834153 |accessdate=26 August 2020 |work=Edinburgh Live}}</ref> ==Life== Nancy Conn wis born Agnes Kirkland Conn on the 27th June 1919 in [[Baurhead]], Scotland tae James Charles Conn an Margaret Aitken.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Hew |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae. Vol. VIII |date=1950 |publisher=Oliver and Boyd |location=Edinburgh |page=486 |url=https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiasco08scotuoft#page/n500/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Hew |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Vol. III |date=1920 |publisher=Oliver and Boyd |location=Edinburgh |page=131 |url=https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiaesc03scot#page/131/mode/1up}}</ref> Her faither wis a [[Church o Scotland]] minister, that wis translate tae [[Broughty Ferry]] in 1926, sae Nancy gaed tae [[High School of Dundee]]. She gaed tae the [[Varsity o St Andras]] an got an MA in Modren History an English in 1940<ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Courier |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19400626/079/0004 |website=British Newspaper Archive |accessdate=26 August 2020 |date=26 June 1940}}</ref>, an graduate M.B.,Ch.B frae the [[Bute Medical School]] i 1945<ref>{{cite web |title=Dundee Courier |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19450622/021/0002 |website=British Newspaper Archive |accessdate=27 August 2020 |date=22 June 1945}}</ref>. She wirkit at the Central Microbiological Laboratories at Edinburgh's Wastren General Hospital until December 1972. Eftir, she wis a consultant an the Depute Director o the Westren Regional Hospital Board in [[Glesgae]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Medical Officer of Health |date=1970-1980? |publisher=City of Glasgow |url=https://archive.org/details/b28652599/page/n1/mode/2up |accessdate=26 August 2020}}</ref>. She retired i 1979. She wis ae [[Soroptimist]] an ae member o the [[National Trust for Scotland]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sears |first1=Charles |title=Agnes Kirkland Conn |journal=BMJ |date=2013 |volume=347 |pages=28 |doi=10.1136/bmj.f7263}}</ref>. She dee'd in her sleep aged 93 on 20th March 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Agnes (Nancy) Conn Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/edinburghnews-scotsman-uk/obituary.aspx?n=agnes-conn&pid=184693199 |website=Edinburgh Evening News Notices |accessdate=27 August 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. ==References== [[Category:Scots scientists]] <references />{{Stub/Scotland}}{{Stub/Science}} g7rif8t8meyz7qldjtuvzhl00vtdkdy 3 229694 868972 2022-07-22T16:47:22Z CiphriusKane 74958 Cræftit page wi "== == {{subst:uw-vandalism1|David Villa}} ~~~~" wikitext text/x-wiki == == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, A'm [[User:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]. A wantit tae let ye ken that A undid ane or mair o [[Special:Contributions/62.254.8.198|yer recent contreibutions]]&nbsp;tae [[:David Villa]] acause it didnae appear constructive. If ye wud lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:sandbox|sandbox]]. If ye think A makit a mistak, or if ye hae ony quaistiens, ye can leave me a message on [[User_talk:CiphriusKane|ma tawk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-vandalism1 --> [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:47, 22 Julie 2022 (UTC) opfqtvq415y2xr0397y4by5r3rtuaud 14 229695 868973 2022-07-22T19:49:30Z Sije 8692 Cræftit page wi "{{Cat main}} {{Commons category}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Communication studies]] [[Category:Cultural studies]] [[Category:Humanities]] [[Category:Mass media|Studies]] [[Category:Social sciences]] [[Category:Subfields o poleetical science]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cat main}} {{Commons category}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Communication studies]] [[Category:Cultural studies]] [[Category:Humanities]] [[Category:Mass media|Studies]] [[Category:Social sciences]] [[Category:Subfields o poleetical science]] kmxv6ufu22bljd9m3hugyr3hk1pekgn