Scots leid

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    <title>Scots leid</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>869701</id>
      <parentid>869063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sir Nicholas Clegg</username>
        <id>95575</id>
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      <text bytes="42605" xml:space="preserve">{{itheruises|Scots fowk|Scots leid (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Scots Inglis|Scots Gaelic}}
{{Infobox leid
|name=Scots
|nativename=(''Braid'') ''Scots'', ''Lallans''
|states= [[Unitit Kinrick]], [[Republic o Ireland]]
|region=Scotland: [[Scots Lawlands]], [[Northren Isles]], [[Caithness]], [[Isle o Arran|Arran]] an [[Cammeltoun]]&lt;br&gt;Ulster (Ireland): [[Coonties o Ireland|Coonties]] [[Coonty Doun|Doun]], [[Coonty Antrim|Antrim]], [[Coonty Derry|Derry]] an [[Coonty Donegal|Donegal]]
|speakers=110,000–125,000
|date=1999–2011
|ref=&lt;ref&gt;7% o the population (100,000–115,000) report uising Scots at home in the 2011 census; 10,000 speakers in Ireland are reportit bi ''Ethnologue''&lt;/ref&gt;
|speakers2=1.5 million [[Seicont leid|L2]] speakers.&lt;ref name=Ethnologue&gt;{{e17|sco}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the 2011 census, respondents indicatit that 1.54 million (30%) are able tae speak Scots.&lt;ref name=Census&gt;[http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/QS212SC.pdf Scotland's Census 2011 - Scots language skills]&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Germanic leids|Germanic]]
|fam3=[[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]]
|fam4=[[Anglo-Frisie leids|Anglo-Frisie]]
|fam5=[[Anglic leids|Anglic]]
|ancestor=[[Auld Inglis]]
|ancestor2=[[Middle Inglis leid|Middle Inglis]]
|ancestor3=[[Early Scots]]
|ancestor4=[[Middle Scots]]
|minority=Unitit Kinrick ([[Scotland]] an [[Northren Ireland]])
|naition=''Nane''&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;tradeetional leid&quot;'' bi the [[Scots Govrenment]].&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;regional or minoritie leid&quot;'' unner the [[European Chairter fer Regional or Minoritie Leids]], ratified bi the [[Unitit Kinrick]] in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;tradeetional leid&quot;'' bi ''[[The North/Sooth Leid Body|The Noarth/Sooth Buird o Leid]]''.
|agency=— [[Scotland]]: Nane, &lt;small&gt;altho the ''[[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]]'' carries muckle authoritie in the Scots Govrenment's ''Partnership for a Better Scotland'' coalition agreement (2003) promises &quot;support&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;— [[Ireland]]: Nane, &lt;small&gt;altho the cross-border ''[[Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch]]'', established aes an ootcome o the [[Guid Friday Agreement|''Guid Friday Greeance'']], promotes ussage.&lt;/small&gt;
|dia1=[[Central Scots|Central]]
|dia2=[[Sooth Scots|Soothren]]
|dia3=[[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster]]
|dia4=[[Northren Scots|Northren]]
|dia5=[[Insular Scots|Insular]]
|script=[[Laitin script|Laitin]]
|iso2=sco
|iso3=sco
|lingua=52-ABA-aa (varieties: &lt;br&gt;52-ABA-aaa to -aav)
|map=Idioma escocés.png
|mapcaption=Auries whaur the Scots leid wis spoken in the 20t century&lt;ref&gt;Grant, William  (1931) [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/INTRO/map.php?num=2 Scottish National Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121173629/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/INTRO/map.php?num=2 |date=2012-01-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregg R.J. (1972) ''The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries'' in Ulster in Wakelin M.F., Patterns in the Folk Speech of The British Isles, London&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Scots''' (or &quot;[[Lallans]]&quot;, Inglis translation ''lowlands'' or Scots; &quot;lawland Scots&quot;, {{lang-gd|Beurla Ghallta/Albais}}) is a [[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]] [[leid]] o tha [[Anglic leids|Anglic]] varietie that's spaken on tha [[Scots lawlands|Lawlands]] o [[Scotland]] an en tha stewartrie o [[Ulster]] en [[Ireland]] (whaur it's kent as [[Ulster Scots leid|&quot;Ulster-Scots&quot;, &quot;Scotch&quot;, or &quot;Ullans&quot;]]) an tha leids o [[Scots Wikipedia]]. En maist airts, it is spaken anent tha an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] leid. It also happens to be a stone age language unintelligible to any other language's speaker.

Up til tha 15t [[yeirhunder]] ''Scottis'' (modern furm ''Scots'') wis the name o the Gallic, the [[Celtic Leids|Celtic leid]] o the aunshint Scots. Thaim that bruikit Scots cried tha [[Gaelic leid|Gaelic]] ''Erse'' (meinin ''Irish''). Tha Gallic o Scotland is noo maistly cried the Scots Gallic an is yit spaken bi sum en tha western [[Scots Hielands]] an ilands. Fur tha maist pairt, Scots originatit fae tha Northumbrian variety o [[Auld Inglis leid|Anglo-Saxon (Auld Inglis)]], tho wi a meikle influence fae the [[Auld Norse]] o the Vikings, the [[Dutch leid|Dutch]] an law Saxon thro troke wi (an incummers fae) tha law kintras, an tha [[Romance leids|Romance]]  fae itse uise in the Kirk an legal Latin, Anglo-Norman an possibly Pairisian French cause o the [[Auld Alliance]].

Anglian spikkers wir weil staiblisht in sooth-eist Scotland bi tha 7t yeirhunder. In tha 13t yeirhunder Norman launainers an thair reteiners, speakin Northumbrian [[Middle Inglis leid|Middil Inglis]], war bade tae cum an sattil bi tha King. Scots kyth'd fer tha first tym en scrieved form en tha mids o tha 14t yeirhunder an didnae differ mukkil fae ither northren Inglis byleids. The Anglian leid o Scotland gra an its ain sinsyn. Bi tha lat 15t yeirhunder tha sicht fowk haed o tha differs wi tha leid spaken faurder sooth cam til tha fore an Scots-spikkin Scots begoud tae crie thair leid &quot;Scots&quot;. Scots haes lend-wirds fae tha fak thit tha Scots fowk haed contak wi Gaelic spikkers. Thair lend-wirds is fer ordinair anerlì fer geographical an cultural hings, sik as ''clan'' an ''loch''. Lyk onì leivin leid, Scots haes chynged ae bittie ower tha yeirs, tho hit haes arguablì stey'd naurer til its Anglo-Saxon springheid nor Inglis. Monie Scots wirds hae becum pairt o the Inglis ava: ''flit, greed, eerie, cuddle, clan, stob''.

En Scotland's census o 2011, ae speir on Scots wis speired.

== Scrievid Scots ==

Monie writers nou evyts apostrofies whaur thay ar thocht tae shaw letters thit's &quot;missin&quot; fae Inglis (the [[apologetic apostrophe|apologeteec apostrophe]]). Sikna letters niver wer missin en Scots at aw. Fur exemple, en the twalt yeirhunder, Barbour spelt the Scots [[cognate]] o ''taken'' as 'tane'. Haein been nae ''k'' en the wird fer mair nor 700 yeir, shawin the want o't wi aen apostrofie coud be caa'd specious. The modren speelin is for ordinair 'taen'. Vouel nummers is fae [[A.J. Aitken|Aitken]] n the foneteecs is en [[Internaitional Phonetic ABC|IPA]]. Maugre the establisht tradeetional speelin conventions descrived ablo, durin the twantiet centuair ae wheen o propones fer speelin reform wis pitten forrit. Commentin on sicweys, John Corbett (2003: 260) writes thit &quot;devisin ae normativ ortografee fer Scots haes been waen o the grattest linguestic hobbies o the past centuair.&quot; N writin aneat the affcome o thon en ''Lallans'' 57, Caroline Macafee merkit that speelin reform &quot;haes had the effeck o caain doun the kynd-o-a staudartisation that aareadie exeestit&quot; n that &quot;Speelin haes gotten tae be ae free-fer-aw, wi the tradeetional model bemeanit, n nae populair replacement&quot; leadin til mair speelin variation, nae less.

===Consonants===

Maist consonants is fer ordinair soondit sic n sae as en Inglis bit:
*'''c''': {{IPA|/k/}} or {{IPA|/s/}}, as en Inglis.
*'''ch''': {{IPA|/x/}},&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.499&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.499&lt;/ref&gt; '''gh''' an aw. Medial 'cht' micht be {{IPA|/ð/}} in Northren dialects. ''loch'', ''nicht'', ''dochter'', ''dreich'', etc. Seemilar til the German &quot;Na'''ch'''t&quot;.
*'''ch''': waird ineetial or whaur it follaes 'r' {{IPA|/tʃ/}}. ''airch'', ''mairch'', etc.
*'''ck''': at the end o a silable&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2306&amp;startset=4948443&amp;query=C&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd |title=SND: C |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703205745/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2306&amp;startset=4948443&amp;query=C&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n whan intervocaleec&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=7690&amp;startset=20617909&amp;query=K&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: K |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204657/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=7690&amp;startset=20617909&amp;query=K&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; efter ae cuttie vouel e.g. ''bick'', ''geck'', ''muckle'', ''ruck'', etc. 
*'''gn''': {{IPA|/n/}}. In Northren dialects {{IPA|/ɡn/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.501&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''kn''': {{IPA|/n/}}. In Northren dialects {{IPA|/kn/}} or {{IPA|/tn/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;/&gt; ''knap'' ''knee'', ''knowe'', etc.
*'''ng''': is aye {{IPA|/ŋ/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.510&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''nch''': fer ordinair {{IPA|/nʃ/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.500&lt;/ref&gt; ''brainch'', ''dunch'', etc.
*'''r''': {{IPA|/r/}} or {{IPA|/ɹ/}} is pronoonced in aw positions,&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.510-511&lt;/ref&gt; i.e. [[Rhotic consonant|rhoteeclie]].
*'''s''' or '''se''': {{IPA|/s/}} or {{IPA|/z/}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=9474&amp;startset=33999048&amp;query=S&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: S |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703205657/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=9474&amp;startset=33999048&amp;query=S&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''t''': micht be ae glottal stap atween vouels or waird final.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;/&gt; En Ulster dentalised soondins micht kythe an aw, even fer 'd'.
*'''th''': {{IPA|/ð/}} or {{IPA|/θ/}} as is Inglis. En Mid Northren varieties n intervocallic {{IPA|/ð/}} micht be soondit {{IPA|/d/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.506&lt;/ref&gt; Initial 'th' en ''thing'', ''think'' and ''thank'', etc. micht be {{IPA|/h/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.507&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''wh''': fer ordinair {{IPA|/ʍ/}}, aulder {{IPA|/xʍ/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.499&quot;/&gt; Northren byleids haes {{IPA|/f/}} an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;/&gt;
*'''wr''': {{IPA|/wr/}} mair aften {{IPA|/r/}} bit micht be {{IPA|/vr/}} en Northern byleids.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;/&gt; ''wrack'', ''wrang'', ''write'', ''wrocht'', etc.
*'''z''': {{IPA|/jɪ/}} or {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, micht kythe en som wirds aes ae substitute fer the aulder &lt;{{lang|ang|ȝ}}&gt; ([[yoch]]). Fer example: ''brulzie'', ''gaberlunzie'' n the names ''[[Menzies]]'', ''[[Finzean]]'', ''[[Culzean]]'', ''[[Mackenzie (surname)|Mackenzie]]'' etc. (Aes aen affcome o the want o edducation in Scots, ''Mackenzie'' is nou generally soondit wi ae {{IPA|/z/}} follaein the perceeved soondin o the scrieved form, aes mair controversial is whiles ''Menzies''.)

===Seelent letters===
*The wird final 'd' in '''nd''' n '''ld'''&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.502-503&lt;/ref&gt; bit aften soodit in derived forms. Whiles jist 'n' n 'l' or 'n&amp;#39;' n 'l&amp;#39;' e.g. ''auld'' n ''haund'' etc., aes en the [[Dens leid]].
*'t' en medial '''cht''' ('ch' = {{IPA|/x/}}) n '''st''' n afore final '''en'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.509&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.509&lt;/ref&gt; e.g. ''fochten'', ''thristle'' n the 't' in ''aften'' etc. an aw., as in Inglis.
*'t' en wird final '''ct''' n '''pt'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.509&quot;/&gt; bit aften soondit en derived forms e.g. ''respect'' n ''accept'' etc.

===Vouels===

Fer ae histereecal luikower see the [[Phonological history o Scots|Phonologeecal histerie o Scots]].

The vouel seestem o Scots (in [[Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]):&lt;ref&gt;Aitken A.J. ‘How to Pronounce Older Scots’ in ‘Bards and Makars’. Glasgow
Varsity Press 1977&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 4
| 5
| 6
| 7
| 8
| 8a
| 9
| 10
| 11
| 12
| 13
| 14
| 15
| 16
| 17
| 18
| 19
|rowspan=2 style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot; | 1. Generally merges wi vouels 2, 4 or 8.&lt;br&gt;
2. Merges wi vouels 1 an 8. in central dialects&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;an vowel 2 in Northren dialects.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Also {{IPA|/(j)u/}} or {{IPA|/(j)ʌ/}} afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} dependin on dialect.&lt;br&gt;
3. Vocalisation tae {{IPA|/o/}} micht kythe afore {{IPA|/k/}}.&lt;br&gt;
4. Antrin mergers wi vouel 5.
|-
|  cuttie {{IPA|/əi/}}&lt;br&gt;lang {{IPA|/aɪ/}} 
|  {{IPA|/i/}}
|  {{IPA|/e, i/}}&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/e/}}
|  {{IPA|/o/}}
|  {{IPA|/u/}}
|  {{IPA|/ø/}}&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/eː/}}
|  {{IPA|/əi/}}
|  {{IPA|/oe/}}
|  {{IPA|/əi/}}
|  {{IPA|/iː/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɑː, ɔː/}}
|  {{IPA|/ʌu/}}&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/ju/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɑ, a/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɔ/}}&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/ʌ/}}
|}

En Scots, [[vouel length]] is fer ordinair condeetiont bi the [[Scots Vouel Lenth Rule]]. Wirds that differ jist ae bittie en soondin fae [[Scots English|Scots Ingils]] is fer ordinair spelt aes en Ingils. Ither wirds micht be spelt the same wa bit differ en soondin, fer ensaumple: ''aunt'', ''swap'', ''want'' n ''wash'' wi {{IPA|/a/}}, ''bull'', ''full'' v. n ''pull'' wi {{IPA|/ʌ/}}, ''bind'', ''find'' n ''wind'' v., etc. wi {{IPA|/ɪ/}}.
*The onstrest vouel {{IPA|/ə/}} micht be shawn bi onie vouel letter.
*'''a''' (vowel 17): fer ordinair {{IPA|/ɑ/}}, aften {{IPA|/ɑː/}} en sooth wast n Ulster byleids,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 1 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; bit {{IPA|/aː/}} en Northren byleids. Maurk final ''a'' (vouel 12) en ''awa'', ''twa'' an ''wha'' micht be {{IPA|/ɑː/}}, {{IPA|/ɔː/}}, {{IPA|/aː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}} an aw depending on the byleid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 2 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''au''', '''aw''' (vouel 12) {{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/ɔː/}} en Soothren, Central n Ulster byleids bit {{IPA|/aː/}} in Northren bileids, wi ''au'' fer ordinair in medial poseetions&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 4 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n ''aw'' in final poseetions.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 4&quot;/&gt; Sometimes '''a''' or '''a&amp;#39;''' representin [[L-vocalisation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 2 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9458&amp;startset=45678332&amp;query=W&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND W 6 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212329/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9458&amp;startset=45678332&amp;query=W&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The digraph '''aa''' kythes an aw, speciallie in scrieved representations o the ({{IPA|/aː/}}) soondin in Northren n Insular byleids.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 1&quot;/&gt; The cluster 'auld' micht be {{IPA|/ʌul/}} in Ulster an aw, e.g. ''aw'', ''cauld'', ''braw'', ''faw'', ''snaw'', etc.
*'''ai''' (vouel 8) en ineetial n medial poseetions&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 5 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n '''a'''(consonant)'''e''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vowel 4). The graphemes '''ae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;/&gt; (vouel 4) n '''ay''' (vouel 8) fer ordinair in final poseetions.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:E 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aw generallie {{IPA|/e(ː)/}}. Aften {{IPA|/ɛ/}} afore {{IPA|/r/}}. The merger o vouel 8 wi 4 haes resultit in the digraph ''ai'' occurrin en some wairds wi vouel 4 n ''a''(consonant)''e'' occurrin in some wairds wi vouel 8, e.g. ''saip'', ''hale'', ''ane'', ''ance'', ''bane'', etc. n waird final ''brae'' n ''day'' etc. The digraph ''ae'' kythes fer vouel 7 an aw en ''dae'', ''tae'' v. an ''shae''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:E 3&quot; /&gt; En Northren byleids the vouel en the cluster 'ane' is aften {{IPA|/i/}}&lt;ref&gt;Grant, William; Dixon, James Main (1921) ''Manual of Modern Scots''. Cambridge, University Press. p.44&lt;/ref&gt; n efter {{IPA|/w/}} n daurk {{IPA|/l/}} the soondin {{IPA|/əi/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.461&lt;/ref&gt; En Sooth Scots n monie Central n Ulster varieties ''ae'', ''ane'' n ''ance'' micht be soondit {{IPA|/jeː/}}, {{IPA|/jɪn/}} n {{IPA|/jɪns/}} aften scrieved ''yae'', ''yin'' n ''yince'' en byleid writin.
*'''ea''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ei'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (4) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 3), haes generallie merged wi {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} (vouel 2) or {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} (vouel 4 or 8) dependin on the by leid. {{IPA|/ɛ/}} micht kythe afore {{IPA|/r/}}. En Northren varieties the soondin micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} efter {{IPA|/w/}} an {{IPA|/ʍ/}} n en the faur north {{IPA|/əi/}} micht kythe en aw environments.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.455&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.455&lt;/ref&gt; ''deid'', ''heid'', ''meat'', ''clear'' etc.
*'''ee'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (3) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouels 2 an 11), '''e'''(Consonant)'''e'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 1 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 2). Whiles '''ei''' n '''i.e.''' wi ''ei'' fer ordinair afore ''ch'' ({{IPA|/x/}}), bit en ae few ither wairds an aw, n ''ie'' fer ordinair afore ''l'' an ''v''. The soondin is fer ordinair {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} bit en Northren varieties micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} efter {{IPA|/w/}} n {{IPA|/ʍ/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.455&quot;/&gt; Final vouel 11 ({{IPA|/iː/}}) micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} en Southren byleids.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.456&lt;/ref&gt; e.g. ''e'', ''een'', ''speir'' , ''steek'', ''here'', etc. The digraph ''ea'' kythes en ae few wairds lyk ''sea'' n ''tea'' an aw.
*'''e'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 1 (3) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 16): {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. ''bed'', ''het'', ''yett'', etc.
*'''eu'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (5) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 7 afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} see ''ui''): {{IPA|/(j)u/}} or {{IPA|/(j)ʌ/}} dependin on dialect. Whiles ''u''(consonant)''e''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (4) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Whiles ''u'' phonetically an ''oo'' efter Staundart Ingils kythes an aw, e.g. ''beuk'', ''eneuch'', ''keuk'', ''leuk'', ''teuk'' etc.
*'''ew''' (vouel 14): {{IPA|/ju/}}. En Northren bileids a ruit final 'ew' micht be {{IPA|/jʌu/}}. ''few'', ''new'', etc.
*'''i'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:I |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204720/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (Vouel 15): {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, but aften varies atween {{IPA|/ɪ/}} an {{IPA|/ʌ/}} specially efter 'w' an 'wh'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 4 (2)(ii) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|/æ/}} kythes en Ulster an aw afore voiceless consonants. ''big'', ''fit'', ''wid'', etc.
*'''i'''(consonant)'''e''', '''y'''(consonant)'''e''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:I 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204720/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ey''' (vouels 1, 8a an 10): {{IPA|/əi/}} or {{IPA|/aɪ/}}. 'ay' is fer ordinair {{IPA|/e/}} bit {{IPA|/əi/}} in ''ay'' n ''aye''. En Dundee hit is ae kenspeckle {{IPA|/ɛ/}}.
*'''o'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 18): {{IPA|/ɔ/}} bit aften mergin wi vouel 5 ({{IPA|/o/}}) aften speelt phoneteeclie ''oa'' in byleid speelins lyk ''boax'' (box), ''coarn'' (corn), ''Goad'' (God)''joab'' (job) n ''oan'' (on) etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''oa'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 5): {{IPA|/o/}}.
*'''oi''', '''oy''' (vouel 9)
*'''ow''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 (4)(ii) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''owe''' (ruit final), seendle '''ou''' (vouel 13): {{IPA|/ʌu/}}. Afore 'k' vocalisation til {{IPA|/o/}} micht kythe speciallie en wastren n Ulster byleids. ''bowk'', ''bowe'', ''howe'', ''knowe'', ''cowp'', ''yowe'', etc.
*'''ou''' the ordinair leeterar speelin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: U 3 (4)(i) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; o vouel 6. Whiles '''u'''(consonant)'''e''' en some wairds: {{IPA|/u/}} the foregane aften representit bi '''oo''', ae 19t centuair lend fae Staundairt Ingils.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 5 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruit final {{IPA|/ʌu/}} micht kythe en Soothren byleids. ''cou'', ''broun'', ''hoose'', ''moose'' etc.
*'''u'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 4 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 19): {{IPA|/ʌ/}}. ''but'', ''cut'', etc.
*'''ui''', the ordinair leeterar speelin&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 4i&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (4)(i) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; o vouel 7 (binna afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} see '''eu'''), the speelin ''u''(consonant)''e'' whiles kythed, speciallie afore nasals,&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 4i&quot;/&gt; n '''oo''' fae the speelin o Staundairt Ingils cognates: {{IPA|/ø/}} in conservative byleids. In pairts o [[Fife]], [[Dundee]] north [[Coonty Aintrim|Aintrim]] {{IPA|/e/}}. In Northren byleids fer ordinair {{IPA|/i/}} bit {{IPA|/wi/}} efter {{IPA|/ɡ/}} n {{IPA|/k/}} aften speelt ''ee'' in byleid writin, n {{IPA|/u/}} an aw afore {{IPA|/r/}} en some airts e.g. ''fuird''. Mid Doun n Donegal byleids haes {{IPA|/i/}}. En central n north Doun byleids merger wi vouel 15 ({{IPA|/ɪ/}}) occurs whan cuttie n vouel 8 ({{IPA|/eː/}}) whan lang, aften scrieved ''ai'' en byleid writin, e.g. ''buird'', ''buit'', ''cuit'', ''fluir'', ''guid'', ''schuil'', etc. En central byleids ''uise'' v. an ''uiss'' n. (use) is {{IPA|[jeːz]}} an {{IPA|[jɪs]}}.

== Some graimmar featurs ==
=== The definit airtikil ===
''The'' is bruikit afore the names o saisons, days o the week, monie nouns, illnesses, tredds, occupations, sciences n acadeemic subjeks. It's aften bruikit in stead o the indefinit airtikil n instad o a possesseev pronoun n aw: ''the hairst'', ''the Wadensday'', ''awa til the kirk'', ''the nou'', ''the dei'', ''the haingles'', ''the Laitin'', ''The deuk ett the bit breid'', ''the wife'' etc.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns fer ordinair eiks –(''e'')''s'' fer the plural bit some irraigulair plurals kith: ''ee''/''een'', ''cauf''/''caur'', ''horse''/''horse'', ''cou''/''kye'', ''shae''/''shuin''.
Nouns o meisur an quantitie byds the same en the plural ''fower fit'', ''twa mile'', ''five pund'', ''three hunnerwecht''.
Raigular plurals incluid ''laifs'', ''leafs'', ''shelfs'' n ''wifes'', etc.

=== Dimeenuteeves ===
Dimeenuteeves wi –''ie'', ''burnie'' (''wee burn''), ''feardie''/''feartie'', ''gamie'', ''kiltie'', ''postie'', ''wifie'', ''rhodie'', an wi ''ock'', ''bittock'', ''playock'', ''sourock'' n Northren –''ag'', ''bairnag'' (''wee bairn''), ''Cheordag'', -''ockie'', ''hooseockie'', ''wifeockie'', baith is influenced bi the Scots Gaelic dimeenuteeve -''ag''.

=== Modal verbs ===
The modal verbs ''mey'', ''ocht tae'', an ''sall'' isna aften bruikit in Scots n this is histereec, bit is whiles still fand in anglifie'd leeterair Scots. ''Can'', ''shid'', n ''will/wul'' is the prefer'd Scots maks. 
Scots employs doobel modal maks ''He'll no can cum the day'', ''A micht cud cum the morn'', ''A uised tae cud dae hit, but no nou''.

=== Praisent tense o verbs ===
The praisent tense o verbs ends en –''s'' en aw persons n nummers cept whan a singil personal pronoun is nex til the verb, ''Thay say he's ower wee'', ''Thaim that says he's ower wee'', ''Thir lassies says he's ower wee'' etc. ''Thay'r cummin an aw'' bit ''Five o thaim's cummin'', ''The lassies? Thay'v went'' bit ''Ma brakes haes went''. ''Thaim that cums first is ser'd first''. ''The trees growes green en the simmer''.

''Wis'' micht can tak the steid o ''war'', but na widdershins: ''Ye were''/''wis thaur''.

=== Past tense o verbs ===
The raigulair past form o the verb is –(''i'')''t'' or –(''e'')''d'', gaun bi the aforegaun consonant or vouel ''hurtit'', ''skelpit'', ''Mendit'', ''kent''/''kenned'', ''cleant''/''cleaned'', ''skreived'', ''telt''/''tauld'', ''dee'd''. Some verbs haes kenspeakle maks ''greet''/''grat''/''grutten'', ''fesh''/''fuish''/''fuishen'', ''lauch''/''leuch''/''lauchen'', ''gae''/''gaed''/''gane'', ''gie''/''gied''/''gien'', ''pit''/''pat''/''pitten'', ''git''/''gat''/''gotten''.

=== Wird order ===
Scots aften haes tha wird order ''He turnt oot tha licht'' an na ''He turnt tha licht oot'' an ''Gie me hit'' an na ''Gie hit til me''.

Antrin verbs is aften uised progressive ''He wis thinkin he wad tell her'', ''He wis wantin tae tell her''.

Verbs o motion micht be drappit afore aen adverb or adverb phrases o motion ''Ah'm awa til ma bed'', ''That's me awa hame'', ''Ah'll intil tha hoose an see him''.

Partecipils gaes til tha end o tha clause mair aften nor in Inglis whaur chynge o state is impleid (pairtéculair in Ulster): ''He's awfu auld gettin'', ''Ah hae ma siller chynged''.

=== Ordinal nummers ===
Ordinal nummers ends wi –''t'' ''seicont'', ''fowert'', ''fift'', ''saxt'' etc. ''first'', ''Thrid''/''third''.

=== Adverbs ===
Adverbs fer ordinair taks the same mak aes the verb ruit or adjecteeve specialie efter verbs. ''Haein ae real guid day''. ''She's gey fauchelt''.&lt;br /&gt;
Adverbs is shaped wi –''s'', -''lies'', ''lins'', ''gate''(''s'') an ''wey''(''s'') – ''whyls'', ''mebbes'', ''brawlies'', ''geylies'', ''aiblins'', ''airselins'', ''hauflins'', ''hidlins'', ''maistlins'', ''awgates'', ''ilkagate'', ''oniegate'', ''ilkawey'', ''onywey''(''s''), ''endweys'', ''fit weys''.

=== Subordinate clauses ===
Verbless subordinate clauses is brocht en wi, ''n'' pittin ower surpreese or skunner ''She haed tae walk the hale length o the road n her sieven month pregnant'', ''He telt me tae rin n me wi ma sair leg''.

=== Negation ===
Negation is pitten ower bi bruikin the adverb ''na'', en the North Eist ''nae'', as in ''Ah'm na cummin'', or bi bruikin the suffix –''na'' (soondin lippens oan byleid), aes in ''&quot;A dinnae ken&quot;'', ''Thay canna cum'' n ''We coudna hae telt him''. 
The uiss wi ''na'' is fer ordinair taen foreby –''na'' wi contractabil auxiliair verbs lyk –''ll'' fer ''will'', or en ay nae speirins wi onie auxiliair ''He'll na cum'' n ''Did he na cum?''

=== Reelateeve pronoon ===
The reelateeve pronoon is ''that'' (''&amp;#39;at'' is anither mak borraed fae the Norse bit hit can cum aboot bi contraction) fer aw persons n nummers, bit micht be drappit ''Thaur's na monie fowk'' (''that'') ''byds en that glen''. The anglifie'd maks ''wha'', ''wham'', ''whase'', n the auld-farrant ''whilk'' is j ist leeterair pensfuness; ''whilk'' is alanerlie bruikit eftir ae statement ''He said he'd tint hit, whilk wis na whit we wantit tae hear''. The possesseeve cums aboot bi eikin '''s'' or bi bruikin aen appropriate pronoon ''The wifie that's hoose gat burnt'', ''the wumman that her dochter gat mairit''; ''the men that thair boat wis tint''.

The thrid adjecteeve/adverb ''yon''/''yonder'', ''thon''/''thonder'' pynts oot sommit that's faur fae the speaker n the leestener, ''D'ye see yon''/''thon hoose ower yonder''/''thonder?'' The plurals o ''this'' n ''that'' is ''thae'' n ''thir''. Northren byleids taks ''this'' n ''that'' fer the plural ava.

== Hamelt leids ==

Scots haes monie hamelt leids, or ''byleids''. Thir include;

* [[Sooth Scots]]
* [[Doric]]
* [[Shetlandic]]
* Urban Scots (Scots as spaken in tha céties o Aiberdeen, Edinburgh, Dundee an Glesgae)
* [[Central Scots]]
* Northren Scots
* [[Ulster Scots]] (Spaken in Northren Irland an Coontie Dunnagal)

== See foreby ==

* [[IPA chairt for Scots|IPA chairt fer Scots]]
* [[Scots Language Centre]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* Aitken, A.J. (1977) ''How to Pronounce Older Scots'' in Bards and Makars. Glasgow, Glasgow University Press.
* Aitken, A. J. (1987) ''The Nuttis Schell: Essays on the Scots Language''. Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press. ISBN 0-08-034530-1
* Caldwell, S.J.G. (1974) ''The Pronoun in Early Scots''. Helsinki, Société Néophilique.
* Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1596-2
* Eagle, Andy (2005) ''Wir Ain Leid''. Scots-Online. Available in full at http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/WirAinLeid.pdf
* Jones, Charles (1997) ''The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language''. Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Press. ISBN 0-7486-0754-4
* Jones, Charles (1995) ''A Language Suppressed: The pronunciation of the Scots language in the 18th century''. Edinburgh, John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-427-3
* Kingsmore, Rona K. (1995) ''Ulster Scots Speech: A Sociolinguistic Study''. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0711-7
* McClure, J. Derrick (1997) ''Why Scots Matters''. Edinburgh, Saltire Society. ISBN 0-85411-071-2
* McKay, Girvan (2007) ''The Scots Tongue (La skota lingvo)'', Polyglot Publications, Tullamore, Ireland.
* Niven, Liz; Jackson, Robin (Eds.) (1998) ''The Scots Language: its place in education''. Watergaw Publications. ISBN 0-9529978-5-1
* Robertson, T.A.; Graham, J.J. (1991) ''Grammar and Use of the Shetland Dialect''. Lerwick, The Shetland Times Ltd.
* Ross, David; Smith, Gavin D. (Editors)(1999) ''Scots-English, English-Scots Practical Dictionary''. New York, Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0779-4
* Scottish Language Dictionaries (1985) ''Concise Scots Dictionary ''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 1-902930-01-0
* Scottish Language Dictionaries (1990) ''Scots Thesaurus''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 1-902930-03-7
* Warrack, Alexander (Editor)(1911) ''Chambers Scots Dictionary''. Chambers.
* Yound, C.P.L. (2004) ''Scots Grammar''. Scotsgate. Available in full at http://www.scotsgate.com/scotsgate01.pdf

{{Commons|Scots language}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
{{Commonscat|Scots language}}
* [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/ Dictionar o the Scots Leid – 22 volumes o Scots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220110231/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/ |date=2008-02-20 }}
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/pronunci.htm#cairt Byleid cairt]
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar Scots-online]
* [http://www.lallans.co.uk/ The Scots Language Society]
* [http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220539/http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ |date=2013-01-14 }}
* [http://www.scuilwab.org.uk/ SLD's Scuil Wab – fer bairns o aw ages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307235813/http://scuilwab.org.uk/ |date=2009-03-07 }}
* [http://www.scotstext.org/ ScotsteXt]—beuks, poems an texts in Scots
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/index.htm A Tait Wanchancie.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011192838/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/index.htm |date=2012-10-11 }}
* [http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/phonetics.htm SAMPA for Scots]
* [http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/specialfocus/scots/index.asp Scots in Skuils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811152122/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/specialfocus/scots/index.asp |date=2004-08-11 }}
* [http://www.englang.ed.ac.uk/scots.html Scots at the Varsitie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818225430/http://www.englang.ed.ac.uk/scots.html |date=2006-08-18 }}
* [http://www.stooryduster.co.uk/ Scottish words – illustrated]
* [http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/ Scottish Corpus of Texts &amp; Speech] – Multimedia corpus of Scots and Scottish English
* [http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre]
* [http://wordswithoutborders.org/article/scots-the-auld-an-nobill-tung/ ''Words Without Borders'' Peter Constantine: Scots: The Auld an Nobill Tung]
* [https://scotssyntaxatlas.ac.uk/ Scots Syntax Atlas]

{{Germanic leids}}

[[Category:Scots leid| ]]
[[Category:Leids o Scotland]]
[[Category:Leids o Ireland]]
[[Category:Inglis leids]]
[[Category:SVO leids]]</text>
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      <comment>Revertit edit o [[Special:Contributions/Sir Nicholas Clegg|Sir Nicholas Clegg]] ([[User talk:Sir Nicholas Clegg|tauk]]), chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane:revertin vandalism</comment>
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      <text bytes="42514" xml:space="preserve">{{itheruises|Scots fowk|Scots leid (disambiguation)}}
{{Distinguish|Scots Inglis|Scots Gaelic}}
{{Infobox leid
|name=Scots
|nativename=(''Braid'') ''Scots'', ''Lallans''
|states= [[Unitit Kinrick]], [[Republic o Ireland]]
|region=Scotland: [[Scots Lawlands]], [[Northren Isles]], [[Caithness]], [[Isle o Arran|Arran]] an [[Cammeltoun]]&lt;br&gt;Ulster (Ireland): [[Coonties o Ireland|Coonties]] [[Coonty Doun|Doun]], [[Coonty Antrim|Antrim]], [[Coonty Derry|Derry]] an [[Coonty Donegal|Donegal]]
|speakers=110,000–125,000
|date=1999–2011
|ref=&lt;ref&gt;7% o the population (100,000–115,000) report uising Scots at home in the 2011 census; 10,000 speakers in Ireland are reportit bi ''Ethnologue''&lt;/ref&gt;
|speakers2=1.5 million [[Seicont leid|L2]] speakers.&lt;ref name=Ethnologue&gt;{{e17|sco}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the 2011 census, respondents indicatit that 1.54 million (30%) are able tae speak Scots.&lt;ref name=Census&gt;[http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/QS212SC.pdf Scotland's Census 2011 - Scots language skills]&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Germanic leids|Germanic]]
|fam3=[[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]]
|fam4=[[Anglo-Frisie leids|Anglo-Frisie]]
|fam5=[[Anglic leids|Anglic]]
|ancestor=[[Auld Inglis]]
|ancestor2=[[Middle Inglis leid|Middle Inglis]]
|ancestor3=[[Early Scots]]
|ancestor4=[[Middle Scots]]
|minority=Unitit Kinrick ([[Scotland]] an [[Northren Ireland]])
|naition=''Nane''&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;tradeetional leid&quot;'' bi the [[Scots Govrenment]].&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;regional or minoritie leid&quot;'' unner the [[European Chairter fer Regional or Minoritie Leids]], ratified bi the [[Unitit Kinrick]] in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;— Classeefied aes ae ''&quot;tradeetional leid&quot;'' bi ''[[The North/Sooth Leid Body|The Noarth/Sooth Buird o Leid]]''.
|agency=— [[Scotland]]: Nane, &lt;small&gt;altho the ''[[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]]'' carries muckle authoritie in the Scots Govrenment's ''Partnership for a Better Scotland'' coalition agreement (2003) promises &quot;support&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;— [[Ireland]]: Nane, &lt;small&gt;altho the cross-border ''[[Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch]]'', established aes an ootcome o the [[Guid Friday Agreement|''Guid Friday Greeance'']], promotes ussage.&lt;/small&gt;
|dia1=[[Central Scots|Central]]
|dia2=[[Sooth Scots|Soothren]]
|dia3=[[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster]]
|dia4=[[Northren Scots|Northren]]
|dia5=[[Insular Scots|Insular]]
|script=[[Laitin script|Laitin]]
|iso2=sco
|iso3=sco
|lingua=52-ABA-aa (varieties: &lt;br&gt;52-ABA-aaa to -aav)
|map=Idioma escocés.png
|mapcaption=Auries whaur the Scots leid wis spoken in the 20t century&lt;ref&gt;Grant, William  (1931) [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/INTRO/map.php?num=2 Scottish National Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121173629/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/INTRO/map.php?num=2 |date=2012-01-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gregg R.J. (1972) ''The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries'' in Ulster in Wakelin M.F., Patterns in the Folk Speech of The British Isles, London&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Scots''' (or &quot;[[Lallans]]&quot;, Inglis translation ''lowlands'' or Scots; &quot;lawland Scots&quot;, {{lang-gd|Beurla Ghallta/Albais}}) is a [[Wast Germanic leids|Wast Germanic]] [[leid]] o tha [[Anglic leids|Anglic]] varietie that's spaken on tha [[Scots lawlands|Lawlands]] o [[Scotland]] an en tha stewartrie o [[Ulster]] en [[Ireland]] (whaur it's kent as [[Ulster Scots leid|&quot;Ulster-Scots&quot;, &quot;Scotch&quot;, or &quot;Ullans&quot;]]) an tha leids o [[Scots Wikipedia]]. En maist airts, it is spaken anent tha an [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] leid.

Up til tha 15t [[yeirhunder]] ''Scottis'' (modern furm ''Scots'') wis the name o the Gallic, the [[Celtic Leids|Celtic leid]] o the aunshint Scots. Thaim that bruikit Scots cried tha [[Gaelic leid|Gaelic]] ''Erse'' (meinin ''Irish''). Tha Gallic o Scotland is noo maistly cried the Scots Gallic an is yit spaken bi sum en tha western [[Scots Hielands]] an ilands. Fur tha maist pairt, Scots originatit fae tha Northumbrian variety o [[Auld Inglis leid|Anglo-Saxon (Auld Inglis)]], tho wi a meikle influence fae the [[Auld Norse]] o the Vikings, the [[Dutch leid|Dutch]] an law Saxon thro troke wi (an incummers fae) tha law kintras, an tha [[Romance leids|Romance]]  fae itse uise in the Kirk an legal Latin, Anglo-Norman an possibly Pairisian French cause o the [[Auld Alliance]].

Anglian spikkers wir weil staiblisht in sooth-eist Scotland bi tha 7t yeirhunder. In tha 13t yeirhunder Norman launainers an thair reteiners, speakin Northumbrian [[Middle Inglis leid|Middil Inglis]], war bade tae cum an sattil bi tha King. Scots kyth'd fer tha first tym en scrieved form en tha mids o tha 14t yeirhunder an didnae differ mukkil fae ither northren Inglis byleids. The Anglian leid o Scotland gra an its ain sinsyn. Bi tha lat 15t yeirhunder tha sicht fowk haed o tha differs wi tha leid spaken faurder sooth cam til tha fore an Scots-spikkin Scots begoud tae crie thair leid &quot;Scots&quot;. Scots haes lend-wirds fae tha fak thit tha Scots fowk haed contak wi Gaelic spikkers. Thair lend-wirds is fer ordinair anerlì fer geographical an cultural hings, sik as ''clan'' an ''loch''. Lyk onì leivin leid, Scots haes chynged ae bittie ower tha yeirs, tho hit haes arguablì stey'd naurer til its Anglo-Saxon springheid nor Inglis. Monie Scots wirds hae becum pairt o the Inglis ava: ''flit, greed, eerie, cuddle, clan, stob''.

En Scotland's census o 2011, ae speir on Scots wis speired.

== Scrievid Scots ==

Monie writers nou evyts apostrofies whaur thay ar thocht tae shaw letters thit's &quot;missin&quot; fae Inglis (the [[apologetic apostrophe|apologeteec apostrophe]]). Sikna letters niver wer missin en Scots at aw. Fur exemple, en the twalt yeirhunder, Barbour spelt the Scots [[cognate]] o ''taken'' as 'tane'. Haein been nae ''k'' en the wird fer mair nor 700 yeir, shawin the want o't wi aen apostrofie coud be caa'd specious. The modren speelin is for ordinair 'taen'. Vouel nummers is fae [[A.J. Aitken|Aitken]] n the foneteecs is en [[Internaitional Phonetic ABC|IPA]]. Maugre the establisht tradeetional speelin conventions descrived ablo, durin the twantiet centuair ae wheen o propones fer speelin reform wis pitten forrit. Commentin on sicweys, John Corbett (2003: 260) writes thit &quot;devisin ae normativ ortografee fer Scots haes been waen o the grattest linguestic hobbies o the past centuair.&quot; N writin aneat the affcome o thon en ''Lallans'' 57, Caroline Macafee merkit that speelin reform &quot;haes had the effeck o caain doun the kynd-o-a staudartisation that aareadie exeestit&quot; n that &quot;Speelin haes gotten tae be ae free-fer-aw, wi the tradeetional model bemeanit, n nae populair replacement&quot; leadin til mair speelin variation, nae less.

===Consonants===

Maist consonants is fer ordinair soondit sic n sae as en Inglis bit:
*'''c''': {{IPA|/k/}} or {{IPA|/s/}}, as en Inglis.
*'''ch''': {{IPA|/x/}},&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.499&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.499&lt;/ref&gt; '''gh''' an aw. Medial 'cht' micht be {{IPA|/ð/}} in Northren dialects. ''loch'', ''nicht'', ''dochter'', ''dreich'', etc. Seemilar til the German &quot;Na'''ch'''t&quot;.
*'''ch''': waird ineetial or whaur it follaes 'r' {{IPA|/tʃ/}}. ''airch'', ''mairch'', etc.
*'''ck''': at the end o a silable&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2306&amp;startset=4948443&amp;query=C&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd |title=SND: C |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703205745/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=2306&amp;startset=4948443&amp;query=C&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n whan intervocaleec&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=7690&amp;startset=20617909&amp;query=K&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: K |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204657/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=7690&amp;startset=20617909&amp;query=K&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; efter ae cuttie vouel e.g. ''bick'', ''geck'', ''muckle'', ''ruck'', etc. 
*'''gn''': {{IPA|/n/}}. In Northren dialects {{IPA|/ɡn/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.501&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''kn''': {{IPA|/n/}}. In Northren dialects {{IPA|/kn/}} or {{IPA|/tn/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;/&gt; ''knap'' ''knee'', ''knowe'', etc.
*'''ng''': is aye {{IPA|/ŋ/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.510&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''nch''': fer ordinair {{IPA|/nʃ/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.500&lt;/ref&gt; ''brainch'', ''dunch'', etc.
*'''r''': {{IPA|/r/}} or {{IPA|/ɹ/}} is pronoonced in aw positions,&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.510-511&lt;/ref&gt; i.e. [[Rhotic consonant|rhoteeclie]].
*'''s''' or '''se''': {{IPA|/s/}} or {{IPA|/z/}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=9474&amp;startset=33999048&amp;query=S&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: S |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703205657/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=9474&amp;startset=33999048&amp;query=S&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''t''': micht be ae glottal stap atween vouels or waird final.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.501&quot;/&gt; En Ulster dentalised soondins micht kythe an aw, even fer 'd'.
*'''th''': {{IPA|/ð/}} or {{IPA|/θ/}} as is Inglis. En Mid Northren varieties n intervocallic {{IPA|/ð/}} micht be soondit {{IPA|/d/}}.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.506&lt;/ref&gt; Initial 'th' en ''thing'', ''think'' and ''thank'', etc. micht be {{IPA|/h/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.507&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''wh''': fer ordinair {{IPA|/ʍ/}}, aulder {{IPA|/xʍ/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.499&quot;/&gt; Northren byleids haes {{IPA|/f/}} an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;/&gt;
*'''wr''': {{IPA|/wr/}} mair aften {{IPA|/r/}} bit micht be {{IPA|/vr/}} en Northern byleids.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.507&quot;/&gt; ''wrack'', ''wrang'', ''write'', ''wrocht'', etc.
*'''z''': {{IPA|/jɪ/}} or {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, micht kythe en som wirds aes ae substitute fer the aulder &lt;{{lang|ang|ȝ}}&gt; ([[yoch]]). Fer example: ''brulzie'', ''gaberlunzie'' n the names ''[[Menzies]]'', ''[[Finzean]]'', ''[[Culzean]]'', ''[[Mackenzie (surname)|Mackenzie]]'' etc. (Aes aen affcome o the want o edducation in Scots, ''Mackenzie'' is nou generally soondit wi ae {{IPA|/z/}} follaein the perceeved soondin o the scrieved form, aes mair controversial is whiles ''Menzies''.)

===Seelent letters===
*The wird final 'd' in '''nd''' n '''ld'''&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.502-503&lt;/ref&gt; bit aften soodit in derived forms. Whiles jist 'n' n 'l' or 'n&amp;#39;' n 'l&amp;#39;' e.g. ''auld'' n ''haund'' etc., aes en the [[Dens leid]].
*'t' en medial '''cht''' ('ch' = {{IPA|/x/}}) n '''st''' n afore final '''en'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.509&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.509&lt;/ref&gt; e.g. ''fochten'', ''thristle'' n the 't' in ''aften'' etc. an aw., as in Inglis.
*'t' en wird final '''ct''' n '''pt'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.509&quot;/&gt; bit aften soondit en derived forms e.g. ''respect'' n ''accept'' etc.

===Vouels===

Fer ae histereecal luikower see the [[Phonological history o Scots|Phonologeecal histerie o Scots]].

The vouel seestem o Scots (in [[Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]):&lt;ref&gt;Aitken A.J. ‘How to Pronounce Older Scots’ in ‘Bards and Makars’. Glasgow
Varsity Press 1977&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|-
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 4
| 5
| 6
| 7
| 8
| 8a
| 9
| 10
| 11
| 12
| 13
| 14
| 15
| 16
| 17
| 18
| 19
|rowspan=2 style=&quot;font-size:75%&quot; | 1. Generally merges wi vouels 2, 4 or 8.&lt;br&gt;
2. Merges wi vouels 1 an 8. in central dialects&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;an vowel 2 in Northren dialects.&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Also {{IPA|/(j)u/}} or {{IPA|/(j)ʌ/}} afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} dependin on dialect.&lt;br&gt;
3. Vocalisation tae {{IPA|/o/}} micht kythe afore {{IPA|/k/}}.&lt;br&gt;
4. Antrin mergers wi vouel 5.
|-
|  cuttie {{IPA|/əi/}}&lt;br&gt;lang {{IPA|/aɪ/}} 
|  {{IPA|/i/}}
|  {{IPA|/e, i/}}&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/e/}}
|  {{IPA|/o/}}
|  {{IPA|/u/}}
|  {{IPA|/ø/}}&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/eː/}}
|  {{IPA|/əi/}}
|  {{IPA|/oe/}}
|  {{IPA|/əi/}}
|  {{IPA|/iː/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɑː, ɔː/}}
|  {{IPA|/ʌu/}}&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/ju/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɑ, a/}}
|  {{IPA|/ɔ/}}&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;
|  {{IPA|/ʌ/}}
|}

En Scots, [[vouel length]] is fer ordinair condeetiont bi the [[Scots Vouel Lenth Rule]]. Wirds that differ jist ae bittie en soondin fae [[Scots English|Scots Ingils]] is fer ordinair spelt aes en Ingils. Ither wirds micht be spelt the same wa bit differ en soondin, fer ensaumple: ''aunt'', ''swap'', ''want'' n ''wash'' wi {{IPA|/a/}}, ''bull'', ''full'' v. n ''pull'' wi {{IPA|/ʌ/}}, ''bind'', ''find'' n ''wind'' v., etc. wi {{IPA|/ɪ/}}.
*The onstrest vouel {{IPA|/ə/}} micht be shawn bi onie vouel letter.
*'''a''' (vowel 17): fer ordinair {{IPA|/ɑ/}}, aften {{IPA|/ɑː/}} en sooth wast n Ulster byleids,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 1 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; bit {{IPA|/aː/}} en Northren byleids. Maurk final ''a'' (vouel 12) en ''awa'', ''twa'' an ''wha'' micht be {{IPA|/ɑː/}}, {{IPA|/ɔː/}}, {{IPA|/aː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}} an aw depending on the byleid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 2 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''au''', '''aw''' (vouel 12) {{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/ɔː/}} en Soothren, Central n Ulster byleids bit {{IPA|/aː/}} in Northren bileids, wi ''au'' fer ordinair in medial poseetions&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 4 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n ''aw'' in final poseetions.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 4&quot;/&gt; Sometimes '''a''' or '''a&amp;#39;''' representin [[L-vocalisation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 2 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9458&amp;startset=45678332&amp;query=W&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND W 6 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703212329/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9458&amp;startset=45678332&amp;query=W&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The digraph '''aa''' kythes an aw, speciallie in scrieved representations o the ({{IPA|/aː/}}) soondin in Northren n Insular byleids.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 1&quot;/&gt; The cluster 'auld' micht be {{IPA|/ʌul/}} in Ulster an aw, e.g. ''aw'', ''cauld'', ''braw'', ''faw'', ''snaw'', etc.
*'''ai''' (vouel 8) en ineetial n medial poseetions&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 5 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; n '''a'''(consonant)'''e''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:A 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703211646/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=4317&amp;startset=14&amp;query=A&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vowel 4). The graphemes '''ae'''&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;/&gt; (vouel 4) n '''ay''' (vouel 8) fer ordinair in final poseetions.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:A 5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:E 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aw generallie {{IPA|/e(ː)/}}. Aften {{IPA|/ɛ/}} afore {{IPA|/r/}}. The merger o vouel 8 wi 4 haes resultit in the digraph ''ai'' occurrin en some wairds wi vouel 4 n ''a''(consonant)''e'' occurrin in some wairds wi vouel 8, e.g. ''saip'', ''hale'', ''ane'', ''ance'', ''bane'', etc. n waird final ''brae'' n ''day'' etc. The digraph ''ae'' kythes fer vouel 7 an aw en ''dae'', ''tae'' v. an ''shae''.&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:E 3&quot; /&gt; En Northren byleids the vouel en the cluster 'ane' is aften {{IPA|/i/}}&lt;ref&gt;Grant, William; Dixon, James Main (1921) ''Manual of Modern Scots''. Cambridge, University Press. p.44&lt;/ref&gt; n efter {{IPA|/w/}} n daurk {{IPA|/l/}} the soondin {{IPA|/əi/}} micht kythe.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.461&lt;/ref&gt; En Sooth Scots n monie Central n Ulster varieties ''ae'', ''ane'' n ''ance'' micht be soondit {{IPA|/jeː/}}, {{IPA|/jɪn/}} n {{IPA|/jɪns/}} aften scrieved ''yae'', ''yin'' n ''yince'' en byleid writin.
*'''ea''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ei'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (4) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 3), haes generallie merged wi {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} (vouel 2) or {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} (vouel 4 or 8) dependin on the by leid. {{IPA|/ɛ/}} micht kythe afore {{IPA|/r/}}. En Northren varieties the soondin micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} efter {{IPA|/w/}} an {{IPA|/ʍ/}} n en the faur north {{IPA|/əi/}} micht kythe en aw environments.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.455&quot;&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.455&lt;/ref&gt; ''deid'', ''heid'', ''meat'', ''clear'' etc.
*'''ee'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (3) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouels 2 an 11), '''e'''(Consonant)'''e'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 1 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 2). Whiles '''ei''' n '''i.e.''' wi ''ei'' fer ordinair afore ''ch'' ({{IPA|/x/}}), bit en ae few ither wairds an aw, n ''ie'' fer ordinair afore ''l'' an ''v''. The soondin is fer ordinair {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} bit en Northren varieties micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} efter {{IPA|/w/}} n {{IPA|/ʍ/}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston, Paul 1997 p.455&quot;/&gt; Final vouel 11 ({{IPA|/iː/}}) micht be {{IPA|/əi/}} en Southren byleids.&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Paul (1997) ''Regional Variation'' in Jones, Charles (ed.) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. p.456&lt;/ref&gt; e.g. ''e'', ''een'', ''speir'' , ''steek'', ''here'', etc. The digraph ''ea'' kythes en ae few wairds lyk ''sea'' n ''tea'' an aw.
*'''e'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 1 (3) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 16): {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. ''bed'', ''het'', ''yett'', etc.
*'''eu'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:E 3 (5) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204357/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=6959&amp;startset=10343167&amp;query=E&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 7 afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} see ''ui''): {{IPA|/(j)u/}} or {{IPA|/(j)ʌ/}} dependin on dialect. Whiles ''u''(consonant)''e''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (4) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Whiles ''u'' phonetically an ''oo'' efter Staundart Ingils kythes an aw, e.g. ''beuk'', ''eneuch'', ''keuk'', ''leuk'', ''teuk'' etc.
*'''ew''' (vouel 14): {{IPA|/ju/}}. En Northren bileids a ruit final 'ew' micht be {{IPA|/jʌu/}}. ''few'', ''new'', etc.
*'''i'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:I |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204720/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (Vouel 15): {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, but aften varies atween {{IPA|/ɪ/}} an {{IPA|/ʌ/}} specially efter 'w' an 'wh'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 4 (2)(ii) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{IPA|/æ/}} kythes en Ulster an aw afore voiceless consonants. ''big'', ''fit'', ''wid'', etc.
*'''i'''(consonant)'''e''', '''y'''(consonant)'''e''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:I 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703204720/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=9180&amp;startset=19388917&amp;query=I&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ey''' (vouels 1, 8a an 10): {{IPA|/əi/}} or {{IPA|/aɪ/}}. 'ay' is fer ordinair {{IPA|/e/}} bit {{IPA|/əi/}} in ''ay'' n ''aye''. En Dundee hit is ae kenspeckle {{IPA|/ɛ/}}.
*'''o'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 18): {{IPA|/ɔ/}} bit aften mergin wi vouel 5 ({{IPA|/o/}}) aften speelt phoneteeclie ''oa'' in byleid speelins lyk ''boax'' (box), ''coarn'' (corn), ''Goad'' (God)''joab'' (job) n ''oan'' (on) etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*'''oa'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 5): {{IPA|/o/}}.
*'''oi''', '''oy''' (vouel 9)
*'''ow''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 3 (4)(ii) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''owe''' (ruit final), seendle '''ou''' (vouel 13): {{IPA|/ʌu/}}. Afore 'k' vocalisation til {{IPA|/o/}} micht kythe speciallie en wastren n Ulster byleids. ''bowk'', ''bowe'', ''howe'', ''knowe'', ''cowp'', ''yowe'', etc.
*'''ou''' the ordinair leeterar speelin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND: U 3 (4)(i) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; o vouel 6. Whiles '''u'''(consonant)'''e''' en some wairds: {{IPA|/u/}} the foregane aften representit bi '''oo''', ae 19t centuair lend fae Staundairt Ingils.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:O 5 (1) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202201/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=10072&amp;startset=27366693&amp;query=O&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruit final {{IPA|/ʌu/}} micht kythe en Soothren byleids. ''cou'', ''broun'', ''hoose'', ''moose'' etc.
*'''u'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 4 (2) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (vouel 19): {{IPA|/ʌ/}}. ''but'', ''cut'', etc.
*'''ui''', the ordinair leeterar speelin&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 4i&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |title=SND:U 2 (4)(i) |access-date=2012-04-21 |archive-date=2014-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703202753/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=8382&amp;startset=44916040&amp;query=U&amp;fhit=letter+AND+alphabet&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; o vouel 7 (binna afore {{IPA|/k/}} an {{IPA|/x/}} see '''eu'''), the speelin ''u''(consonant)''e'' whiles kythed, speciallie afore nasals,&lt;ref name=&quot;SND:U 2 4i&quot;/&gt; n '''oo''' fae the speelin o Staundairt Ingils cognates: {{IPA|/ø/}} in conservative byleids. In pairts o [[Fife]], [[Dundee]] north [[Coonty Aintrim|Aintrim]] {{IPA|/e/}}. In Northren byleids fer ordinair {{IPA|/i/}} bit {{IPA|/wi/}} efter {{IPA|/ɡ/}} n {{IPA|/k/}} aften speelt ''ee'' in byleid writin, n {{IPA|/u/}} an aw afore {{IPA|/r/}} en some airts e.g. ''fuird''. Mid Doun n Donegal byleids haes {{IPA|/i/}}. En central n north Doun byleids merger wi vouel 15 ({{IPA|/ɪ/}}) occurs whan cuttie n vouel 8 ({{IPA|/eː/}}) whan lang, aften scrieved ''ai'' en byleid writin, e.g. ''buird'', ''buit'', ''cuit'', ''fluir'', ''guid'', ''schuil'', etc. En central byleids ''uise'' v. an ''uiss'' n. (use) is {{IPA|[jeːz]}} an {{IPA|[jɪs]}}.

== Some graimmar featurs ==
=== The definit airtikil ===
''The'' is bruikit afore the names o saisons, days o the week, monie nouns, illnesses, tredds, occupations, sciences n acadeemic subjeks. It's aften bruikit in stead o the indefinit airtikil n instad o a possesseev pronoun n aw: ''the hairst'', ''the Wadensday'', ''awa til the kirk'', ''the nou'', ''the dei'', ''the haingles'', ''the Laitin'', ''The deuk ett the bit breid'', ''the wife'' etc.

=== Nouns ===
Nouns fer ordinair eiks –(''e'')''s'' fer the plural bit some irraigulair plurals kith: ''ee''/''een'', ''cauf''/''caur'', ''horse''/''horse'', ''cou''/''kye'', ''shae''/''shuin''.
Nouns o meisur an quantitie byds the same en the plural ''fower fit'', ''twa mile'', ''five pund'', ''three hunnerwecht''.
Raigular plurals incluid ''laifs'', ''leafs'', ''shelfs'' n ''wifes'', etc.

=== Dimeenuteeves ===
Dimeenuteeves wi –''ie'', ''burnie'' (''wee burn''), ''feardie''/''feartie'', ''gamie'', ''kiltie'', ''postie'', ''wifie'', ''rhodie'', an wi ''ock'', ''bittock'', ''playock'', ''sourock'' n Northren –''ag'', ''bairnag'' (''wee bairn''), ''Cheordag'', -''ockie'', ''hooseockie'', ''wifeockie'', baith is influenced bi the Scots Gaelic dimeenuteeve -''ag''.

=== Modal verbs ===
The modal verbs ''mey'', ''ocht tae'', an ''sall'' isna aften bruikit in Scots n this is histereec, bit is whiles still fand in anglifie'd leeterair Scots. ''Can'', ''shid'', n ''will/wul'' is the prefer'd Scots maks. 
Scots employs doobel modal maks ''He'll no can cum the day'', ''A micht cud cum the morn'', ''A uised tae cud dae hit, but no nou''.

=== Praisent tense o verbs ===
The praisent tense o verbs ends en –''s'' en aw persons n nummers cept whan a singil personal pronoun is nex til the verb, ''Thay say he's ower wee'', ''Thaim that says he's ower wee'', ''Thir lassies says he's ower wee'' etc. ''Thay'r cummin an aw'' bit ''Five o thaim's cummin'', ''The lassies? Thay'v went'' bit ''Ma brakes haes went''. ''Thaim that cums first is ser'd first''. ''The trees growes green en the simmer''.

''Wis'' micht can tak the steid o ''war'', but na widdershins: ''Ye were''/''wis thaur''.

=== Past tense o verbs ===
The raigulair past form o the verb is –(''i'')''t'' or –(''e'')''d'', gaun bi the aforegaun consonant or vouel ''hurtit'', ''skelpit'', ''Mendit'', ''kent''/''kenned'', ''cleant''/''cleaned'', ''skreived'', ''telt''/''tauld'', ''dee'd''. Some verbs haes kenspeakle maks ''greet''/''grat''/''grutten'', ''fesh''/''fuish''/''fuishen'', ''lauch''/''leuch''/''lauchen'', ''gae''/''gaed''/''gane'', ''gie''/''gied''/''gien'', ''pit''/''pat''/''pitten'', ''git''/''gat''/''gotten''.

=== Wird order ===
Scots aften haes tha wird order ''He turnt oot tha licht'' an na ''He turnt tha licht oot'' an ''Gie me hit'' an na ''Gie hit til me''.

Antrin verbs is aften uised progressive ''He wis thinkin he wad tell her'', ''He wis wantin tae tell her''.

Verbs o motion micht be drappit afore aen adverb or adverb phrases o motion ''Ah'm awa til ma bed'', ''That's me awa hame'', ''Ah'll intil tha hoose an see him''.

Partecipils gaes til tha end o tha clause mair aften nor in Inglis whaur chynge o state is impleid (pairtéculair in Ulster): ''He's awfu auld gettin'', ''Ah hae ma siller chynged''.

=== Ordinal nummers ===
Ordinal nummers ends wi –''t'' ''seicont'', ''fowert'', ''fift'', ''saxt'' etc. ''first'', ''Thrid''/''third''.

=== Adverbs ===
Adverbs fer ordinair taks the same mak aes the verb ruit or adjecteeve specialie efter verbs. ''Haein ae real guid day''. ''She's gey fauchelt''.&lt;br /&gt;
Adverbs is shaped wi –''s'', -''lies'', ''lins'', ''gate''(''s'') an ''wey''(''s'') – ''whyls'', ''mebbes'', ''brawlies'', ''geylies'', ''aiblins'', ''airselins'', ''hauflins'', ''hidlins'', ''maistlins'', ''awgates'', ''ilkagate'', ''oniegate'', ''ilkawey'', ''onywey''(''s''), ''endweys'', ''fit weys''.

=== Subordinate clauses ===
Verbless subordinate clauses is brocht en wi, ''n'' pittin ower surpreese or skunner ''She haed tae walk the hale length o the road n her sieven month pregnant'', ''He telt me tae rin n me wi ma sair leg''.

=== Negation ===
Negation is pitten ower bi bruikin the adverb ''na'', en the North Eist ''nae'', as in ''Ah'm na cummin'', or bi bruikin the suffix –''na'' (soondin lippens oan byleid), aes in ''&quot;A dinnae ken&quot;'', ''Thay canna cum'' n ''We coudna hae telt him''. 
The uiss wi ''na'' is fer ordinair taen foreby –''na'' wi contractabil auxiliair verbs lyk –''ll'' fer ''will'', or en ay nae speirins wi onie auxiliair ''He'll na cum'' n ''Did he na cum?''

=== Reelateeve pronoon ===
The reelateeve pronoon is ''that'' (''&amp;#39;at'' is anither mak borraed fae the Norse bit hit can cum aboot bi contraction) fer aw persons n nummers, bit micht be drappit ''Thaur's na monie fowk'' (''that'') ''byds en that glen''. The anglifie'd maks ''wha'', ''wham'', ''whase'', n the auld-farrant ''whilk'' is j ist leeterair pensfuness; ''whilk'' is alanerlie bruikit eftir ae statement ''He said he'd tint hit, whilk wis na whit we wantit tae hear''. The possesseeve cums aboot bi eikin '''s'' or bi bruikin aen appropriate pronoon ''The wifie that's hoose gat burnt'', ''the wumman that her dochter gat mairit''; ''the men that thair boat wis tint''.

The thrid adjecteeve/adverb ''yon''/''yonder'', ''thon''/''thonder'' pynts oot sommit that's faur fae the speaker n the leestener, ''D'ye see yon''/''thon hoose ower yonder''/''thonder?'' The plurals o ''this'' n ''that'' is ''thae'' n ''thir''. Northren byleids taks ''this'' n ''that'' fer the plural ava.

== Hamelt leids ==

Scots haes monie hamelt leids, or ''byleids''. Thir include;

* [[Sooth Scots]]
* [[Doric]]
* [[Shetlandic]]
* Urban Scots (Scots as spaken in tha céties o Aiberdeen, Edinburgh, Dundee an Glesgae)
* [[Central Scots]]
* Northren Scots
* [[Ulster Scots]] (Spaken in Northren Irland an Coontie Dunnagal)

== See foreby ==

* [[IPA chairt for Scots|IPA chairt fer Scots]]
* [[Scots Language Centre]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* Aitken, A.J. (1977) ''How to Pronounce Older Scots'' in Bards and Makars. Glasgow, Glasgow University Press.
* Aitken, A. J. (1987) ''The Nuttis Schell: Essays on the Scots Language''. Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press. ISBN 0-08-034530-1
* Caldwell, S.J.G. (1974) ''The Pronoun in Early Scots''. Helsinki, Société Néophilique.
* Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1596-2
* Eagle, Andy (2005) ''Wir Ain Leid''. Scots-Online. Available in full at http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/WirAinLeid.pdf
* Jones, Charles (1997) ''The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language''. Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Press. ISBN 0-7486-0754-4
* Jones, Charles (1995) ''A Language Suppressed: The pronunciation of the Scots language in the 18th century''. Edinburgh, John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-427-3
* Kingsmore, Rona K. (1995) ''Ulster Scots Speech: A Sociolinguistic Study''. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0711-7
* McClure, J. Derrick (1997) ''Why Scots Matters''. Edinburgh, Saltire Society. ISBN 0-85411-071-2
* McKay, Girvan (2007) ''The Scots Tongue (La skota lingvo)'', Polyglot Publications, Tullamore, Ireland.
* Niven, Liz; Jackson, Robin (Eds.) (1998) ''The Scots Language: its place in education''. Watergaw Publications. ISBN 0-9529978-5-1
* Robertson, T.A.; Graham, J.J. (1991) ''Grammar and Use of the Shetland Dialect''. Lerwick, The Shetland Times Ltd.
* Ross, David; Smith, Gavin D. (Editors)(1999) ''Scots-English, English-Scots Practical Dictionary''. New York, Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0779-4
* Scottish Language Dictionaries (1985) ''Concise Scots Dictionary ''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 1-902930-01-0
* Scottish Language Dictionaries (1990) ''Scots Thesaurus''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 1-902930-03-7
* Warrack, Alexander (Editor)(1911) ''Chambers Scots Dictionary''. Chambers.
* Yound, C.P.L. (2004) ''Scots Grammar''. Scotsgate. Available in full at http://www.scotsgate.com/scotsgate01.pdf

{{Commons|Scots language}}

== Fremmit airtins ==
{{Commonscat|Scots language}}
* [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/ Dictionar o the Scots Leid – 22 volumes o Scots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220110231/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/ |date=2008-02-20 }}
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar/pronunci.htm#cairt Byleid cairt]
* [http://www.scots-online.org/grammar Scots-online]
* [http://www.lallans.co.uk/ The Scots Language Society]
* [http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220539/http://www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk/ |date=2013-01-14 }}
* [http://www.scuilwab.org.uk/ SLD's Scuil Wab – fer bairns o aw ages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307235813/http://scuilwab.org.uk/ |date=2009-03-07 }}
* [http://www.scotstext.org/ ScotsteXt]—beuks, poems an texts in Scots
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/index.htm A Tait Wanchancie.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011192838/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wirhoose/but/wan/index.htm |date=2012-10-11 }}
* [http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/phonetics.htm SAMPA for Scots]
* [http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/specialfocus/scots/index.asp Scots in Skuils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811152122/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/specialfocus/scots/index.asp |date=2004-08-11 }}
* [http://www.englang.ed.ac.uk/scots.html Scots at the Varsitie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818225430/http://www.englang.ed.ac.uk/scots.html |date=2006-08-18 }}
* [http://www.stooryduster.co.uk/ Scottish words – illustrated]
* [http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/ Scottish Corpus of Texts &amp; Speech] – Multimedia corpus of Scots and Scottish English
* [http://www.scotslanguage.com/ Scots Language Centre]
* [http://wordswithoutborders.org/article/scots-the-auld-an-nobill-tung/ ''Words Without Borders'' Peter Constantine: Scots: The Auld an Nobill Tung]
* [https://scotssyntaxatlas.ac.uk/ Scots Syntax Atlas]

{{Germanic leids}}

[[Category:Scots leid| ]]
[[Category:Leids o Scotland]]
[[Category:Leids o Ireland]]
[[Category:Inglis leids]]
[[Category:SVO leids]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5793" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bible de Gutemberg.jpg|center|thumb|Bible de Gutemberg]]
'''The Bible''', sometimes ca'd '''The Guid [[Beuk]]''' is the name gien tae the gaitherin o scrievins hauden as haly bi [[Christianity|Christians]]. The first pairt o it, cried the ''[[Auld Testament]]'' is hauden tae be haly bi the [[Judaism|Jews]] an aw. The Bible wis written bi mony scrievers (aiblins aboot fowery) ower a lang period o time (no kenned for certain, but atween the 6t century BC tae the end o the first century AD is the ordinar time-frame).

== Pairts an Beuks o the Bible ==
The Bible is skailed in twa - the first thirty-nine beuks is cried ''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'', an the twinty-sieven ithers is cried ''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]''. The twa Testaments is furder skailed intae beuks, syne chaipters, an thir is syne dividit intae verses. Sae the reference ''John 3:16'', for exemplar, means ''Gospel o John, chaipter three, verse saxteen.'' It shoud be merkit that the diveesion intil chaipters an verses isna oreeginal tae the texts, or o ony releegious importance - it is alanerly a reference seestem for tae mak findin verses easier.

=== The Auld Testament ===
''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'' is hauden as haly bi Jews forby Christians. It haes mony kynds o leeteratur in it; fowklair, law, history, musardry, weirdins etc. It is lmaistlins anent the Jewish fowk - their laws, history an releegious warsels. It stairts wi an acoont o the makkin o the yird an ends some time in the fowert century BC efter the Jewish retour frae exile in [[Persie]]. Christians jalouses that ''The Auld Testament'' haes weirdins anent [[Jesus]] thet he foufillt - sic as the steid o his birth, the mainer o his daith an yirdin etc.

=== The New Testament ===
''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]'' haes the twinty-sieven screivins hauden as haly bi Christians but no bi Jews. The first fower beuks is cryed ''The Gospels'' an tells o the life an lair o Jesus. Forby the Gospels, the New Testament haes ''The Acts o the Apostles'' - an acoont o the first thirty year or sae o the Kirk's history; mony letters tae the kirks an indiveeduals bi arrly kirk leaders sic as [[Saunt Paul]] an [[Saunt Jeems]]. The last beuk o the New Testament is ''The Beuk o Revelation'' that is a weirdin anent the end o the warld.

== Leids ==
=== Oreeginal Leids ===
''The Auld Testament'' wis oreeginally scrieven in the [[Ebreu leid]], wi a tait passages in the [[Aramaic]]. It wis pitten ower intil [[Koine Greek]] atween the third an first century BC bi Jewish scholars in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]; syne the Jewish fowk there spakna Ebrua at that time. This translate, cried the [[Septuagint]] (or juist LXX) micht hae been the version o the screepturs uised bi some o the screivers o ''The New Testament''.&lt;br /&gt;
Maist scholars jalouse that ''The New Testament'' wis first scrieven in [[Koine Greek]], the ''lingua franca'' o the Mediterranean warld at the time. This wis sae that fowk that warna Jews an coudna unnerstaund Ebreu coud hae access tae the new releegion o [[Christianity]] that cam intil bein an growed wi the scrievin o the documents that maks up ''The New Testament.'' Gin the documents wis screiven in Koine Greek, they are amang the gey few lang documents in that leid. This is acause eddicated fowk (i.e. the fowk maist like tae scrieve lang prose) tendit tae uise [[Clessical Greek]], jalousin that Koine wis ower common an no suitit for formal scrievin. Some fowk, housome'er, threap that at least some o ''The New Testament'' wis composed in Aramaic at first an syne pitten ower intil Greek, syne Jesus an his follaers is for ordinar jaloused tae hae uised Aramaic as their ilka day leid. An auld document bi an early [[Kirk Faithers|Kirk Faither]] cried Papias scrieved that Matthew scrieved his Gospel in aither Ebrue or Aramaic, but this is disputit bi maist modren scholars. It is possible, housome'er that syne the early kirk wis multi-lingual, a twa-three versions o the documents in deeferent leids - sic as Greek, Aramaic an [[Laitin]] micht hae been patent at the time, an influenced the oncome o ilk ither.

=== Translates intil Scots ===
{{see an aw|The Psalms: frae Hebrew intil Scottis}}
As yet, nae translate o the hail Bible in Scots haes been setten furth. ''The New Testament'' haes been pitten ower three tymes. The first wis bi [[Murdoch Nisbet]], wha pit it ower frae John Purvey's Inglis reveesion o Wyclif. This wis duin aboot 1520, but wisna patent until the airly 20t century. Nisbet's translate is the maist muckle o aw the ''New Testament'' translators syne haed pitten ower some pairts o the ''Auld Testament'' an aw. &lt;br /&gt;
William Wye Smith's last reveesion o his wark wis in 1924. It is a guid translate, but again wis frae the Ingles raither nor the Greek.&lt;br /&gt;
The maist kenspeckle translate o ''The New Testament'', housome'er, wis bi [[William Laughton Lorimer]]. His wark wis pitten ower straucht frae the Greek an is for ordinar hailed as ane o the maist important warks o Scots prose in mony centuries. &lt;br /&gt;
Forby thon, there haes been twa translates o ''Ruth'', ''The Saums'' an ''Matthew''; ane o ''Genesis'', ''Proverbs'' an ''Isaiah'' an nae less nor five o ''The Sang o Solomon'' an ae ''Selection frae the Gospels'' Thon's o varyin quality wi maist bein taen frae ithir translates intil Inglis an no frae the oreeginal leids.

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/worship/worship-in-scots Worship in Scots]: &quot;The following worship materials are written in the Scots language and can be used in regular worship, private devotions, Scots language services and bilingual worship.&quot; (frae the [[Kirk o Scotland]])

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Releegious beuks]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5790" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bible de Gutemberg.jpg|center|thumb|Gutemberg Bible]]
'''The Bible''', sometimes ca'd '''The Guid [[Beuk]]''' is the name gien tae the gaitherin o scrievins hauden as haly bi [[Christianity|Christians]]. The first pairt o it, cried the ''[[Auld Testament]]'' is hauden tae be haly bi the [[Judaism|Jews]] an aw. The Bible wis written bi mony scrievers (aiblins aboot fowery) ower a lang period o time (no kenned for certain, but atween the 6t century BC tae the end o the first century AD is the ordinar time-frame).

== Pairts an Beuks o the Bible ==
The Bible is skailed in twa - the first thirty-nine beuks is cried ''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'', an the twinty-sieven ithers is cried ''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]''. The twa Testaments is furder skailed intae beuks, syne chaipters, an thir is syne dividit intae verses. Sae the reference ''John 3:16'', for exemplar, means ''Gospel o John, chaipter three, verse saxteen.'' It shoud be merkit that the diveesion intil chaipters an verses isna oreeginal tae the texts, or o ony releegious importance - it is alanerly a reference seestem for tae mak findin verses easier.

=== The Auld Testament ===
''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'' is hauden as haly bi Jews forby Christians. It haes mony kynds o leeteratur in it; fowklair, law, history, musardry, weirdins etc. It is lmaistlins anent the Jewish fowk - their laws, history an releegious warsels. It stairts wi an acoont o the makkin o the yird an ends some time in the fowert century BC efter the Jewish retour frae exile in [[Persie]]. Christians jalouses that ''The Auld Testament'' haes weirdins anent [[Jesus]] thet he foufillt - sic as the steid o his birth, the mainer o his daith an yirdin etc.

=== The New Testament ===
''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]'' haes the twinty-sieven screivins hauden as haly bi Christians but no bi Jews. The first fower beuks is cryed ''The Gospels'' an tells o the life an lair o Jesus. Forby the Gospels, the New Testament haes ''The Acts o the Apostles'' - an acoont o the first thirty year or sae o the Kirk's history; mony letters tae the kirks an indiveeduals bi arrly kirk leaders sic as [[Saunt Paul]] an [[Saunt Jeems]]. The last beuk o the New Testament is ''The Beuk o Revelation'' that is a weirdin anent the end o the warld.

== Leids ==
=== Oreeginal Leids ===
''The Auld Testament'' wis oreeginally scrieven in the [[Ebreu leid]], wi a tait passages in the [[Aramaic]]. It wis pitten ower intil [[Koine Greek]] atween the third an first century BC bi Jewish scholars in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]; syne the Jewish fowk there spakna Ebrua at that time. This translate, cried the [[Septuagint]] (or juist LXX) micht hae been the version o the screepturs uised bi some o the screivers o ''The New Testament''.&lt;br /&gt;
Maist scholars jalouse that ''The New Testament'' wis first scrieven in [[Koine Greek]], the ''lingua franca'' o the Mediterranean warld at the time. This wis sae that fowk that warna Jews an coudna unnerstaund Ebreu coud hae access tae the new releegion o [[Christianity]] that cam intil bein an growed wi the scrievin o the documents that maks up ''The New Testament.'' Gin the documents wis screiven in Koine Greek, they are amang the gey few lang documents in that leid. This is acause eddicated fowk (i.e. the fowk maist like tae scrieve lang prose) tendit tae uise [[Clessical Greek]], jalousin that Koine wis ower common an no suitit for formal scrievin. Some fowk, housome'er, threap that at least some o ''The New Testament'' wis composed in Aramaic at first an syne pitten ower intil Greek, syne Jesus an his follaers is for ordinar jaloused tae hae uised Aramaic as their ilka day leid. An auld document bi an early [[Kirk Faithers|Kirk Faither]] cried Papias scrieved that Matthew scrieved his Gospel in aither Ebrue or Aramaic, but this is disputit bi maist modren scholars. It is possible, housome'er that syne the early kirk wis multi-lingual, a twa-three versions o the documents in deeferent leids - sic as Greek, Aramaic an [[Laitin]] micht hae been patent at the time, an influenced the oncome o ilk ither.

=== Translates intil Scots ===
{{see an aw|The Psalms: frae Hebrew intil Scottis}}
As yet, nae translate o the hail Bible in Scots haes been setten furth. ''The New Testament'' haes been pitten ower three tymes. The first wis bi [[Murdoch Nisbet]], wha pit it ower frae John Purvey's Inglis reveesion o Wyclif. This wis duin aboot 1520, but wisna patent until the airly 20t century. Nisbet's translate is the maist muckle o aw the ''New Testament'' translators syne haed pitten ower some pairts o the ''Auld Testament'' an aw. &lt;br /&gt;
William Wye Smith's last reveesion o his wark wis in 1924. It is a guid translate, but again wis frae the Ingles raither nor the Greek.&lt;br /&gt;
The maist kenspeckle translate o ''The New Testament'', housome'er, wis bi [[William Laughton Lorimer]]. His wark wis pitten ower straucht frae the Greek an is for ordinar hailed as ane o the maist important warks o Scots prose in mony centuries. &lt;br /&gt;
Forby thon, there haes been twa translates o ''Ruth'', ''The Saums'' an ''Matthew''; ane o ''Genesis'', ''Proverbs'' an ''Isaiah'' an nae less nor five o ''The Sang o Solomon'' an ae ''Selection frae the Gospels'' Thon's o varyin quality wi maist bein taen frae ithir translates intil Inglis an no frae the oreeginal leids.

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/worship/worship-in-scots Worship in Scots]: &quot;The following worship materials are written in the Scots language and can be used in regular worship, private devotions, Scots language services and bilingual worship.&quot; (frae the [[Kirk o Scotland]])

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Releegious beuks]]</text>
      <sha1>9uhnma3izxfwq8ppqnvkotrbotmsnnl</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <text bytes="5729" xml:space="preserve">'''The Bible''', sometimes ca'd '''The Guid [[Beuk]]''' is the name gien tae the gaitherin o scrievins hauden as haly bi [[Christianity|Christians]]. The first pairt o it, cried the ''[[Auld Testament]]'' is hauden tae be haly bi the [[Judaism|Jews]] an aw. The Bible wis written bi mony scrievers (aiblins aboot fowery) ower a lang period o time (no kenned for certain, but atween the 6t century BC tae the end o the first century AD is the ordinar time-frame).

== Pairts an Beuks o the Bible ==
The Bible is skailed in twa - the first thirty-nine beuks is cried ''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'', an the twinty-sieven ithers is cried ''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]''. The twa Testaments is furder skailed intae beuks, syne chaipters, an thir is syne dividit intae verses. Sae the reference ''John 3:16'', for exemplar, means ''Gospel o John, chaipter three, verse saxteen.'' It shoud be merkit that the diveesion intil chaipters an verses isna oreeginal tae the texts, or o ony releegious importance - it is alanerly a reference seestem for tae mak findin verses easier.

=== The Auld Testament ===
''[[Auld Testament|The Auld Testament]]'' is hauden as haly bi Jews forby Christians. It haes mony kynds o leeteratur in it; fowklair, law, history, musardry, weirdins etc. It is lmaistlins anent the Jewish fowk - their laws, history an releegious warsels. It stairts wi an acoont o the makkin o the yird an ends some time in the fowert century BC efter the Jewish retour frae exile in [[Persie]]. Christians jalouses that ''The Auld Testament'' haes weirdins anent [[Jesus]] thet he foufillt - sic as the steid o his birth, the mainer o his daith an yirdin etc.

=== The New Testament ===
''[[New Testament|The New Testament]]'' haes the twinty-sieven screivins hauden as haly bi Christians but no bi Jews. The first fower beuks is cryed ''The Gospels'' an tells o the life an lair o Jesus. Forby the Gospels, the New Testament haes ''The Acts o the Apostles'' - an acoont o the first thirty year or sae o the Kirk's history; mony letters tae the kirks an indiveeduals bi arrly kirk leaders sic as [[Saunt Paul]] an [[Saunt Jeems]]. The last beuk o the New Testament is ''The Beuk o Revelation'' that is a weirdin anent the end o the warld.

== Leids ==
=== Oreeginal Leids ===
''The Auld Testament'' wis oreeginally scrieven in the [[Ebreu leid]], wi a tait passages in the [[Aramaic]]. It wis pitten ower intil [[Koine Greek]] atween the third an first century BC bi Jewish scholars in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]]; syne the Jewish fowk there spakna Ebrua at that time. This translate, cried the [[Septuagint]] (or juist LXX) micht hae been the version o the screepturs uised bi some o the screivers o ''The New Testament''.&lt;br /&gt;
Maist scholars jalouse that ''The New Testament'' wis first scrieven in [[Koine Greek]], the ''lingua franca'' o the Mediterranean warld at the time. This wis sae that fowk that warna Jews an coudna unnerstaund Ebreu coud hae access tae the new releegion o [[Christianity]] that cam intil bein an growed wi the scrievin o the documents that maks up ''The New Testament.'' Gin the documents wis screiven in Koine Greek, they are amang the gey few lang documents in that leid. This is acause eddicated fowk (i.e. the fowk maist like tae scrieve lang prose) tendit tae uise [[Clessical Greek]], jalousin that Koine wis ower common an no suitit for formal scrievin. Some fowk, housome'er, threap that at least some o ''The New Testament'' wis composed in Aramaic at first an syne pitten ower intil Greek, syne Jesus an his follaers is for ordinar jaloused tae hae uised Aramaic as their ilka day leid. An auld document bi an early [[Kirk Faithers|Kirk Faither]] cried Papias scrieved that Matthew scrieved his Gospel in aither Ebrue or Aramaic, but this is disputit bi maist modren scholars. It is possible, housome'er that syne the early kirk wis multi-lingual, a twa-three versions o the documents in deeferent leids - sic as Greek, Aramaic an [[Laitin]] micht hae been patent at the time, an influenced the oncome o ilk ither.

=== Translates intil Scots ===
{{see an aw|The Psalms: frae Hebrew intil Scottis}}
As yet, nae translate o the hail Bible in Scots haes been setten furth. ''The New Testament'' haes been pitten ower three tymes. The first wis bi [[Murdoch Nisbet]], wha pit it ower frae John Purvey's Inglis reveesion o Wyclif. This wis duin aboot 1520, but wisna patent until the airly 20t century. Nisbet's translate is the maist muckle o aw the ''New Testament'' translators syne haed pitten ower some pairts o the ''Auld Testament'' an aw. &lt;br /&gt;
William Wye Smith's last reveesion o his wark wis in 1924. It is a guid translate, but again wis frae the Ingles raither nor the Greek.&lt;br /&gt;
The maist kenspeckle translate o ''The New Testament'', housome'er, wis bi [[William Laughton Lorimer]]. His wark wis pitten ower straucht frae the Greek an is for ordinar hailed as ane o the maist important warks o Scots prose in mony centuries. &lt;br /&gt;
Forby thon, there haes been twa translates o ''Ruth'', ''The Saums'' an ''Matthew''; ane o ''Genesis'', ''Proverbs'' an ''Isaiah'' an nae less nor five o ''The Sang o Solomon'' an ae ''Selection frae the Gospels'' Thon's o varyin quality wi maist bein taen frae ithir translates intil Inglis an no frae the oreeginal leids.

== Fremmit airtins ==
* [https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/worship/worship-in-scots Worship in Scots]: &quot;The following worship materials are written in the Scots language and can be used in regular worship, private devotions, Scots language services and bilingual worship.&quot; (frae the [[Kirk o Scotland]])

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Releegious beuks]]</text>
      <sha1>gpekkcna2rn9g461ek99tit3zenym4l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Canary Islands</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7603" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Canary Islands
| native_name             =Islas Canarias
| official_name           =
| settlement_type         = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| image_skyline           = Orotavatal.jpg
| imagesize               = 275px
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Munt [[Teide]] on [[Tenerife]], the heichest muntain in Spain, is ane o the maist visitit [[Naitional Pairk]]s in the warld an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;diariodeavisos.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Canaria de Avisos S.A. |url=http://www.diariodeavisos.com/2010/diariodeavisos/content/21463/ |title=El Teide, el parque más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Diariodeavisos.com |date=2010-07-30 |accessdate=2010-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sanborondon.info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |title=El parque nacional del Teide es el primero más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Sanborondon.info |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2010-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924114109/http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/las-palmas-00386/noticia-teide-tenerife-parque-nacional-mas-visitado-canarias-28-millones-visitantes-2008-20090831192653.html |title=El Teide (Tenerife) es el parque nacional más visitado de Canarias con 2,8 millones de visitantes en 2008 |publisher=Europapress.es |date=2009-08-31 |accessdate=2010-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta+vacaciones+activas/Ocio/Durante+el+dia/Excursiones/EL+TEIDE.htm?Lang=es |title=Official Website of Tenerife Tourism Corporation |publisher=Webtenerife.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-26 |archive-date=2010-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116025912/http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta%2Bvacaciones%2Bactivas/Ocio/Durante%2Bel%2Bdia/Excursiones/EL%2BTEIDE.htm?Lang=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- See Talk page --&gt;
| image_flag              = Flag of the Canary Islands.svg
| flag_size               = 150x100px
| flag_alt                = Banner o Canary Islands
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of the Canary Islands.svg
| shield_size             = 100x100px
| shield_alt              = Canary Islands CoA.svg
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Mapa territorios España Canarias.svg
| mapsize                 =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Canary Islands
| coordinates             = {{coord|28|06|N|15|24|W|region:ES|format=dec|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| seat_type               = Caipital
| seat                    = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz]] an [[Las Palmas]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias en la Página Web Oficial del Gobierno de Canarias |publisher=.gobiernodecanarias.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2011-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120074726/http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 7493
| area_footnotes          = (1.5% of Spain; [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi aurie|Rankit 13t]])
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|accessdate=2009-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 2117519
| population_note         =
| population_blank1_title = [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi population|Pop. rank]]
| population_blank1       = 8t
| population_blank2_title = Percent
| population_blank2       = 4.51% o Spain
| population_density_km2  = auto
| demographics_type2      = [[Demonym]]
| demographics2_name1     = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]/[[Scots leid|Scots]]
| demographics2_info1     = [[Canarian fowk|Canary Islander]] (Canarian)
| demographics2_name2     = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| demographics2_info2     = canario, canaria
| population_blank2_title = [[Ethnic groups]]
| population_blank2       =  85.7% [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]], ([[Canarian fowk|Canarian]] &lt;br /&gt;an [[Peninsulares]]), 14.3% foreign naitionals, mainly [[Germans]], [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Anthem]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Hymn of the Canaries]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Offeecial leid]](s)
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| blank3_name_sec1        = Statute o Autonomy
| blank3_info_sec1        = 16 August 1982
| blank_name_sec2         = Parliament
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Cortes Generales]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress seats]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = 15 (o 350)
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Spainyie Senate|Senate seats]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = 13 (o 264)
| postal_code             = CN
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the Canary Islands|Preses]]
| leader_name             = [[Paulino Rivero]] ([[Coalición Canaria|CC]])
| leader_party            =
| website                 = '''[http://www.gobcan.es Gobierno de Canarias]'''
| footnotes               =
}}
{{Location map
 |Atlantic Ocean
 |label=Canary Islands
 |lon_dir=W
 |lat_dir=N
 |lat_deg=28|lat_min=10
 |lon_deg=15|lon_min=42
 |position=left
 |width=300
 |float=right
 |mark=Cercle rouge 100%.svg
 |marksize=20
 |caption=Location o the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean
}}
The '''Canary Islands''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɛər|i|_|ˈ|aɪ|l|ə|n|d|z}}; {{lang-es|Islas Canarias}} {{IPA-es|ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas, ˈihlah kaˈnaɾjas|}}), kent as ''the Canaries'' ({{lang-es|Canarias}}) an aw, is a [[Spain]]gie [[airchipelago]] locatit juist aff the northwast coast o mainland Africae, 100&amp;nbsp;km wast o the border atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Wastren Sahara]]. The Canaries are a Spaingie [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] an an [[Special Member State territories an the European Union#Ootermaist regions|ootermaist region]] o the European Union. The islands include (frae lairgest tae smawest): [[Tenerife]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Gran Canaria]],  [[Lanzarote]], [[La Palma]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[La Graciosa]], [[Alegranza]], [[Islote de Lobos|Isla de Lobos]], [[Montaña Clara]], [[Roque del Este]] an [[Roque del Oeste]]. The Canary Islands are legally recognizit as a ''[[naitionalities an regions o Spain|naitionality]]'' o Spain. Geographically it is a pairt o the African Continent.

=== Neebours ===

* [[Madeira]]
* [[Sahara]]

== See an aw ==
* [[Leet o islands]]
* [[Pedro de Betancur]]
* [[José de Anchieta]]
* [[Amaro Pargo]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.gobcan.es/ Canary Islands Govrenment]
*[http://www.turismodecanarias.com/canary-islands-spain/index.html Offeecial Tourism Wabsteid o the Canary Islands]

{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Spain}}
{{EU Ootermaist regions}}
{{Islands an provinces o the Canary Islands}}

[[Category:Canary Islands| ]]
[[Category:Islands o Macaronesie]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:Pheesiografic sections]]
[[Category:Ootermaist regions o the European Union]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
      <sha1>175txtxlduy1htz2z1cm8gc52mahbd3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869683</id>
      <parentid>869682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T19:33:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ce</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7597" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Canary Islands
| native_name             =Islas Canarias
| official_name           =
| settlement_type         = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| image_skyline           = Orotavatal.jpg
| imagesize               = 275px
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Munt [[Teide]] on [[Tenerife]], the heichest muntain in Spain, is ane o the maist visitit [[Naitional Pairk]]s in the warld an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;diariodeavisos.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Canaria de Avisos S.A. |url=http://www.diariodeavisos.com/2010/diariodeavisos/content/21463/ |title=El Teide, el parque más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Diariodeavisos.com |date=2010-07-30 |accessdate=2010-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sanborondon.info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |title=El parque nacional del Teide es el primero más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Sanborondon.info |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2010-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924114109/http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/las-palmas-00386/noticia-teide-tenerife-parque-nacional-mas-visitado-canarias-28-millones-visitantes-2008-20090831192653.html |title=El Teide (Tenerife) es el parque nacional más visitado de Canarias con 2,8 millones de visitantes en 2008 |publisher=Europapress.es |date=2009-08-31 |accessdate=2010-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta+vacaciones+activas/Ocio/Durante+el+dia/Excursiones/EL+TEIDE.htm?Lang=es |title=Official Website of Tenerife Tourism Corporation |publisher=Webtenerife.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-26 |archive-date=2010-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116025912/http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta%2Bvacaciones%2Bactivas/Ocio/Durante%2Bel%2Bdia/Excursiones/EL%2BTEIDE.htm?Lang=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- See Talk page --&gt;
| image_flag              = Flag of the Canary Islands.svg
| flag_size               = 150x100px
| flag_alt                = Banner o Canary Islands
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of the Canary Islands.svg
| shield_size             = 100x100px
| shield_alt              = Canary Islands CoA.svg
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Mapa territorios España Canarias.svg
| mapsize                 =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Canary Islands
| coordinates             = {{coord|28|06|N|15|24|W|region:ES|format=dec|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| seat_type               = Caipital
| seat                    = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz]] an [[Las Palmas]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias en la Página Web Oficial del Gobierno de Canarias |publisher=.gobiernodecanarias.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2011-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120074726/http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 7493
| area_footnotes          = (1.5% of Spain; [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi aurie|Rankit 13t]])
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|accessdate=2009-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 2117519
| population_note         =
| population_blank1_title = [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi population|Pop. rank]]
| population_blank1       = 8t
| population_blank2_title = Percent
| population_blank2       = 4.51% o Spain
| population_density_km2  = auto
| demographics_type2      = [[Demonym]]
| demographics2_name1     = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]/[[Scots leid|Scots]]
| demographics2_info1     = [[Canarian fowk|Canary Islander]] (Canarian)
| demographics2_name2     = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| demographics2_info2     = canario, canaria
| population_blank2_title = [[Ethnic groups]]
| population_blank2       =  85.7% [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]], ([[Canarian fowk|Canarian]] &lt;br /&gt;an [[Peninsulares]]), 14.3% foreign naitionals, mainly [[Germans]], [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Anthem]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Hymn of the Canaries]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Offeecial leid]](s)
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| blank3_name_sec1        = Statute o Autonomy
| blank3_info_sec1        = 16 August 1982
| blank_name_sec2         = Parliament
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Cortes Generales]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress seats]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = 15 (o 350)
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Spainyie Senate|Senate seats]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = 13 (o 264)
| postal_code             = CN
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the Canary Islands|Preses]]
| leader_name             = [[Paulino Rivero]] ([[Coalición Canaria|CC]])
| leader_party            =
| website                 = '''[http://www.gobcan.es Gobierno de Canarias]'''
| footnotes               =
}}
{{Location map
 |Atlantic Ocean
 |label=Canary Islands
 |lon_dir=W
 |lat_dir=N
 |lat_deg=28|lat_min=10
 |lon_deg=15|lon_min=42
 |position=left
 |width=300
 |float=right
 |mark=Cercle rouge 100%.svg
 |marksize=20
 |caption=Location o the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean
}}
The '''Canary Islands''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|k|ə|n|ɛər|i|_|aɪ|l|ə|n|d|z}}; {{lang-es|Islas Canarias}} {{IPA-es|ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas, ˈihlah kaˈnaɾjas|}}), kent as ''the Canaries'' ({{lang-es|Canarias}}) an aw, is a [[Spain]]gie [[airchipelago]] locatit juist aff the northwast coast o mainland Africae, 100&amp;nbsp;km wast o the border atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Wastren Sahara]]. The Canaries are a Spaingie [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] an an [[Special Member State territories an the European Union#Ootermaist regions|ootermaist region]] o the European Union. The islands include (frae lairgest tae smawest): [[Tenerife]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Gran Canaria]],  [[Lanzarote]], [[La Palma]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[La Graciosa]], [[Alegranza]], [[Islote de Lobos|Isla de Lobos]], [[Montaña Clara]], [[Roque del Este]] an [[Roque del Oeste]]. The Canary Islands are legally recognizit as a ''[[naitionalities an regions o Spain|naitionality]]'' o Spain. Geographically it is a pairt o the African Continent.

=== Neebours ===

* [[Madeira]]
* [[Sahara]]

== See an aw ==
* [[Leet o islands]]
* [[Pedro de Betancur]]
* [[José de Anchieta]]
* [[Amaro Pargo]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.gobcan.es/ Canary Islands Govrenment]
*[http://www.turismodecanarias.com/canary-islands-spain/index.html Offeecial Tourism Wabsteid o the Canary Islands]

{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Spain}}
{{EU Ootermaist regions}}
{{Islands an provinces o the Canary Islands}}

[[Category:Canary Islands| ]]
[[Category:Islands o Macaronesie]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:Pheesiografic sections]]
[[Category:Ootermaist regions o the European Union]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7xgo78i6vi4py4oj3wb76tq2tbsv0gb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869684</id>
      <parentid>869683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T19:36:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>removed error strewn map</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7321" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Canary Islands
| native_name             =Islas Canarias
| official_name           =
| settlement_type         = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| image_skyline           = Orotavatal.jpg
| imagesize               = 275px
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Munt [[Teide]] on [[Tenerife]], the heichest muntain in Spain, is ane o the maist visitit [[Naitional Pairk]]s in the warld an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;diariodeavisos.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Canaria de Avisos S.A. |url=http://www.diariodeavisos.com/2010/diariodeavisos/content/21463/ |title=El Teide, el parque más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Diariodeavisos.com |date=2010-07-30 |accessdate=2010-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sanborondon.info&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |title=El parque nacional del Teide es el primero más visitado de Europa y el segundo del mundo |publisher=Sanborondon.info |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2010-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924114109/http://www.sanborondon.info/content/view/26362/1/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.europapress.es/islas-canarias/las-palmas-00386/noticia-teide-tenerife-parque-nacional-mas-visitado-canarias-28-millones-visitantes-2008-20090831192653.html |title=El Teide (Tenerife) es el parque nacional más visitado de Canarias con 2,8 millones de visitantes en 2008 |publisher=Europapress.es |date=2009-08-31 |accessdate=2010-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta+vacaciones+activas/Ocio/Durante+el+dia/Excursiones/EL+TEIDE.htm?Lang=es |title=Official Website of Tenerife Tourism Corporation |publisher=Webtenerife.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-26 |archive-date=2010-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116025912/http://www.webtenerife.com/PortalTenerife/Home/Disfruta%2Bvacaciones%2Bactivas/Ocio/Durante%2Bel%2Bdia/Excursiones/EL%2BTEIDE.htm?Lang=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- See Talk page --&gt;
| image_flag              = Flag of the Canary Islands.svg
| flag_size               = 150x100px
| flag_alt                = Banner o Canary Islands
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of the Canary Islands.svg
| shield_size             = 100x100px
| shield_alt              = Canary Islands CoA.svg
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Mapa territorios España Canarias.svg
| mapsize                 =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Canary Islands
| coordinates             = {{coord|28|06|N|15|24|W|region:ES|format=dec|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| seat_type               = Caipital
| seat                    = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz]] an [[Las Palmas]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias en la Página Web Oficial del Gobierno de Canarias |publisher=.gobiernodecanarias.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-20 |archive-date=2011-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120074726/http://www2.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto/principios_generales.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 7493
| area_footnotes          = (1.5% of Spain; [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi aurie|Rankit 13t]])
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/np551.pdf|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2009|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|accessdate=2009-06-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 2117519
| population_note         =
| population_blank1_title = [[Leet o Spainyie autonomous commonties bi population|Pop. rank]]
| population_blank1       = 8t
| population_blank2_title = Percent
| population_blank2       = 4.51% o Spain
| population_density_km2  = auto
| demographics_type2      = [[Demonym]]
| demographics2_name1     = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]/[[Scots leid|Scots]]
| demographics2_info1     = [[Canarian fowk|Canary Islander]] (Canarian)
| demographics2_name2     = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| demographics2_info2     = canario, canaria
| population_blank2_title = [[Ethnic groups]]
| population_blank2       =  85.7% [[Spaingie fowk|Spaingie]], ([[Canarian fowk|Canarian]] &lt;br /&gt;an [[Peninsulares]]), 14.3% foreign naitionals, mainly [[Germans]], [[Breetish fowk|Breetish]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Anthem]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Hymn of the Canaries]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Offeecial leid]](s)
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
| blank3_name_sec1        = Statute o Autonomy
| blank3_info_sec1        = 16 August 1982
| blank_name_sec2         = Parliament
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Cortes Generales]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Congress o Deputies (Spain)|Congress seats]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = 15 (o 350)
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Spainyie Senate|Senate seats]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = 13 (o 264)
| postal_code             = CN
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the Canary Islands|Preses]]
| leader_name             = [[Paulino Rivero]] ([[Coalición Canaria|CC]])
| leader_party            =
| website                 = '''[http://www.gobcan.es Gobierno de Canarias]'''
| footnotes               =
}}

The '''Canary Islands''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|k|ə|n|ɛər|i|_|aɪ|l|ə|n|d|z}}; {{lang-es|Islas Canarias}} {{IPA-es|ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas, ˈihlah kaˈnaɾjas|}}), kent as ''the Canaries'' ({{lang-es|Canarias}}) an aw, is a [[Spain]]gie [[airchipelago]] locatit juist aff the northwast coast o mainland Africae, 100&amp;nbsp;km wast o the border atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Wastren Sahara]]. The Canaries are a Spaingie [[autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] an an [[Special Member State territories an the European Union#Ootermaist regions|ootermaist region]] o the European Union. The islands include (frae lairgest tae smawest): [[Tenerife]], [[Fuerteventura]], [[Gran Canaria]],  [[Lanzarote]], [[La Palma]], [[La Gomera]], [[El Hierro]], [[La Graciosa]], [[Alegranza]], [[Islote de Lobos|Isla de Lobos]], [[Montaña Clara]], [[Roque del Este]] an [[Roque del Oeste]]. The Canary Islands are legally recognizit as a ''[[naitionalities an regions o Spain|naitionality]]'' o Spain. Geographically it is a pairt o the African Continent.

=== Neebours ===

* [[Madeira]]
* [[Sahara]]

== See an aw ==
* [[Leet o islands]]
* [[Pedro de Betancur]]
* [[José de Anchieta]]
* [[Amaro Pargo]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.gobcan.es/ Canary Islands Govrenment]
*[http://www.turismodecanarias.com/canary-islands-spain/index.html Offeecial Tourism Wabsteid o the Canary Islands]

{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Spain}}
{{EU Ootermaist regions}}
{{Islands an provinces o the Canary Islands}}

[[Category:Canary Islands| ]]
[[Category:Islands o Macaronesie]]
[[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions o the European Union]]
[[Category:Pheesiografic sections]]
[[Category:Ootermaist regions o the European Union]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox aluminium</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>53281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869689</id>
      <parentid>631878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T00:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>CiphriusKane muived page [[Template:Infobox alumeenium]] til [[Template:Infobox aluminium]] ower reguidal</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3542" xml:space="preserve">{{Elementbox
|name=alumeenium
|number=13
|symbol=Al
|pronounce=
|left=[[magnesium]]
|right=[[silicon]]
|above=[[boron|B]]
|below=[[gallium|Ga]]
|category=post-transition metal
|series comment=
|group=13
|period=3
|block=p
|series color=
|phase color=
|appearance=sillery gray metallic
|image name=Aluminium-4.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Aluminum Spectra.jpg
|image name 2 comment=[[Spectral lines]] o alumeenium
|atomic mass={{val|26.9815386}}
|atomic mass 2=13
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&amp;#91;[[neon|Ne]]&amp;#93; 3s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; 3p&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 3
|color=
|phase=solit
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=2.70
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=2.375
|melting point K=933.47
|melting point C=660.32
|melting point F=1220.58
|boiling point K=2792
|boiling point C=2519
|boiling point F=4566
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=10.71
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=294.0
|heat capacity=24.200
|vapor pressure 1=1482
|vapor pressure 10=1632
|vapor pressure 100=1817
|vapor pressure 1 k=2054
|vapor pressure 10 k=2364
|vapor pressure 100 k=2790
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''3''', 2&lt;ref&gt;[[Alumeenium monoxide]]&lt;/ref&gt;, 1&lt;ref&gt;[[Alumeenium iodide]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|oxidation states comment=[[amphoteric]] oxide
|electronegativity=1.61
|number of ionization energies=4
|1st ionization energy=577.5
|2nd ionization energy=1816.7
|3rd ionization energy=2744.8
|atomic radius=143
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius={{val|121|4}}
|Van der Waals radius=184
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetism|paramagnetic]]&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book
 |last1=Lide |first1=D. R.
 |year=2000
 |chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds
 |url=http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf
 |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]]
 |edition=81st
 |publisher=[[CRC Press]]
 |isbn=0849304814
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=28.2 n
|electrical conductivity=3.78
|thermal conductivity=237
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=23.1
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=(rowed) 5,000
|Young's modulus=70
|Shear modulus=26
|Bulk modulus=76
|Poisson ratio=0.35
|Mohs hardness=2.75
|Vickers hardness=167
|Brinell hardness=245
|CAS number=7429-90-5
|isotopes=
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay3
 | mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl={{val|7.17|e=5|ul=y}}
 | dm1=[[Positron emission|β&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26 | pn1=26 | ps1=Mg
 | dm2=[[electron captur|ε]] | de2=- | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg
 | dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=-
}}
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=27 | sym=Al | na=100% | n=14 }}
|isotopes comment=
|predicted by=[[Antoine Lavoisier]]&lt;ref name=&quot;losalamos&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
 |url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/13.shtml
 |title=Aluminum
 |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;
 |date=
 |work=
 |publisher=[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
 |accessdate=3 March 2013
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|prediction date=1787
|discovered by=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=[[Friedrich Wöhler]]&lt;ref name=&quot;losalamos&quot; /&gt;
|first isolation date=1827
|named by=[[Humphry Davy]]&lt;ref name=&quot;losalamos&quot; /&gt;
|named date=1807
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Template reference list}}
[[Category:Periodic table infobox templates|Alumeenium]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scots Wikipaedia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>60492</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869703</id>
      <parentid>856449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sir Nicholas Clegg</username>
        <id>95575</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reception */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4737" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox wabsteid
| name = {{Wiki favicon}} Scots Wikipaedia
| logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-sco.svg|Logo o the Scots Wikipaedia]]
| caption = 
| url = [http://sco.wikipedia.org/ sco.wikipedia.org]
| screenshot = [[File:Scots Wikipedia main page screenshot, 15.12.2013.png|250px]]
| collapsible = yes
| commercial = Na
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| type = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
| language = [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| registration = Optional
| owner = [[Wikimedie Foondation]]
| author = 
}}

The '''Scots Wikipaedia''' is the [[Scots leid]] version o [[Wikipaedia]], an is run bi the [[Wikimedie Foondation]]. It wis furthsett on 23 Juin 2005, an first raxed 1,000 airticles in Februar 2006, an 5,000 airticles in November 2010. Syne {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, it haes aboot {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} [[encyclopedia airticle|airticles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|title=List of Wikipedias - Meta|author=|date=|website=meta.wikimedia.org|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scots Wikipedie is ane o aicht Wikipaedias wryt in an [[Inglish leids|Anglic leid]], the ithers bein the [[Inglis Wikipaedia]], the [[Simple Inglis Wikipaedia]], the [[Auld Inglis]] Wikipaedia, the [[Pitkern leid|Pitkern]]-[[Norfuk byleid|Norfuk]] Wikipaedia,  the [[Tok Pisin]] Wikipedia, the [[Jamaican Patois]] Wikipedia, an the [[Sranan Tongo]] Wikipedia. 

==Reception==
Syne Februar 2008, the steid haed 2,200 airticles,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Learnin's jist a wee click awa | date = 25 February 2008 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-175269362.html | work = [[Daily Mirror]] | accessdate = 2012-07-31 | archive-date = 2014-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140611094834/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-175269362.html | url-status = dead }}{{subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; an haed bi thontim ootratit ither siclyke Wikipaedias, sic as the Maori Wikipaedia an Kashmiri Wikipaedia. The affcome wis nou an sae, wi ''[[Scotland on Sunday]]'''s leeterar editor descrievin it as &quot;ill-contrivit at maist, an a hale geck at warst,&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun&gt;{{cite news |last=Horne |first=Marc |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/scotslanguage/Scots-finds-home-on-gey.3809981.jp |title=Scots finds home on gey muckle website |work=[[Scotland on Sunday]] |date=24 February 2008 |accessdate=2011-04-24 |archive-date=2008-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229204324/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/scotslanguage/Scots-finds-home-on-gey.3809981.jp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Ted Brocklebank]], cultur spokesman fur the [[Scottish Conservative Pairty|Scottish Tories]], descrievit it as a &quot;peistan ettle at makkin a leid.&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun/&gt;  Housomiver, Dr Chris Robinson, director o the ''[[Dictionary of the Scots Language]]'', ruised the steid, remairkin &quot;frae that it is daein weel, it underminds aw thon fowk wha ca doum Scots and sey tae ding it doon.&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun/&gt;

In 2020, the steid wis come kenspeckle efter a Reddit post ledged an unco heich nummer o airticles haed been screived in gye shan Scots bi ane uiser. Least 20,000 articles wis wrocht on bi an American hauflang wi a puir kennage o the Scots leid, aften owersettin articles athoot uisin suith Scots wirds or grammar. Scotland is complete shit along with the rest of the UK. &lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia|title=Shock an aw: US teenager wrote huge slice of Scots Wikipedia|author=|date=26 August 2020|website=The Guardian|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/scotland/scots-wikipedia-language-articles-native-speaker-mistakes-610689|title=Scots Wikipedia flooded with thousands of 'odd' articles by US teen who doesn't speak language|author=|date=26 August 2020|website=inews.co.uk|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Professor [[Robert McColl Millar]], the chair in [[linguistics]] an Scots leids at the [[Varsity o Aiberdeen]], said that the wrangous airticles kythed &quot;a gye scant ken o baith Modren Scots and the air kynes an aa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot;/&gt; Dr Michael Dempster, director o the [[Centre for the Scots Leid]], raxed oot tae the Wikimedia Foondation ower an inlat o biggin upan the Scots Wikipedia's present infrasctructur, descrievin incomers leukin nearhaun the ootspeckle as giein the steid &quot;the kyl tae be a muckle online upstay&quot; fur the Scots leid.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot; /&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wikipaedias bi leid]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2003]]
[[Category:Scots leid|Wikipaedia]]
[[Category:Science an technology in Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>b0y63pnnei1u6xikx8yfqd7d6chxig3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869704</id>
      <parentid>869703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:49:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Renvoy</username>
        <id>41292</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Revertit edit o [[Special:Contributions/Sir Nicholas Clegg|Sir Nicholas Clegg]] ([[User talk:Sir Nicholas Clegg|tauk]]), chynged back tae last version bi Brewster239:revertin vandalism</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4679" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox wabsteid
| name = {{Wiki favicon}} Scots Wikipaedia
| logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-sco.svg|Logo o the Scots Wikipaedia]]
| caption = 
| url = [http://sco.wikipedia.org/ sco.wikipedia.org]
| screenshot = [[File:Scots Wikipedia main page screenshot, 15.12.2013.png|250px]]
| collapsible = yes
| commercial = Na
| location = [[Miami, Florida]]
| type = [[Internet encyclopedia project]]
| language = [[Scots leid|Scots]]
| registration = Optional
| owner = [[Wikimedie Foondation]]
| author = 
}}

The '''Scots Wikipaedia''' is the [[Scots leid]] version o [[Wikipaedia]], an is run bi the [[Wikimedie Foondation]]. It wis furthsett on 23 Juin 2005, an first raxed 1,000 airticles in Februar 2006, an 5,000 airticles in November 2010. Syne {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, it haes aboot {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} [[encyclopedia airticle|airticles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias|title=List of Wikipedias - Meta|author=|date=|website=meta.wikimedia.org|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scots Wikipedie is ane o aicht Wikipaedias wryt in an [[Inglish leids|Anglic leid]], the ithers bein the [[Inglis Wikipaedia]], the [[Simple Inglis Wikipaedia]], the [[Auld Inglis]] Wikipaedia, the [[Pitkern leid|Pitkern]]-[[Norfuk byleid|Norfuk]] Wikipaedia,  the [[Tok Pisin]] Wikipedia, the [[Jamaican Patois]] Wikipedia, an the [[Sranan Tongo]] Wikipedia. 

==Reception==
Syne Februar 2008, the steid haed 2,200 airticles,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Learnin's jist a wee click awa | date = 25 February 2008 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-175269362.html | work = [[Daily Mirror]] | accessdate = 2012-07-31 | archive-date = 2014-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140611094834/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-175269362.html | url-status = dead }}{{subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; an haed bi thontim ootratit ither siclyke Wikipaedias, sic as the Maori Wikipaedia an Kashmiri Wikipaedia. The affcome wis nou an sae, wi ''[[Scotland on Sunday]]'''s leeterar editor descrievin it as &quot;ill-contrivit at maist, an a hale geck at warst,&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun&gt;{{cite news |last=Horne |first=Marc |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/scotslanguage/Scots-finds-home-on-gey.3809981.jp |title=Scots finds home on gey muckle website |work=[[Scotland on Sunday]] |date=24 February 2008 |accessdate=2011-04-24 |archive-date=2008-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229204324/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/scotslanguage/Scots-finds-home-on-gey.3809981.jp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Ted Brocklebank]], cultur spokesman fur the [[Scottish Conservative Pairty|Scottish Tories]], descrievit it as a &quot;peistan ettle at makkin a leid.&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun/&gt;  Housomiver, Dr Chris Robinson, director o the ''[[Dictionary of the Scots Language]]'', ruised the steid, remairkin &quot;frae that it is daein weel, it underminds aw thon fowk wha ca doum Scots and sey tae ding it doon.&quot;&lt;ref name=scotsun/&gt;

In 2020, the steid wis come kenspeckle efter a Reddit post ledged an unco heich nummer o airticles haed been screived in gye shan Scots bi ane uiser. Least 20,000 articles wis wrocht on bi an American hauflang wi a puir kennage o the Scots leid, aften owersettin articles athoot uisin suith Scots wirds or grammar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/aug/26/shock-an-aw-us-teenager-wrote-huge-slice-of-scots-wikipedia|title=Shock an aw: US teenager wrote huge slice of Scots Wikipedia|author=|date=26 August 2020|website=The Guardian|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/scotland/scots-wikipedia-language-articles-native-speaker-mistakes-610689|title=Scots Wikipedia flooded with thousands of 'odd' articles by US teen who doesn't speak language|author=|date=26 August 2020|website=inews.co.uk|accessdate=3 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Professor [[Robert McColl Millar]], the chair in [[linguistics]] an Scots leids at the [[Varsity o Aiberdeen]], said that the wrangous airticles kythed &quot;a gye scant ken o baith Modren Scots and the air kynes an aa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;inews&quot;/&gt; Dr Michael Dempster, director o the [[Centre for the Scots Leid]], raxed oot tae the Wikimedia Foondation ower an inlat o biggin upan the Scots Wikipedia's present infrasctructur, descrievin incomers leukin nearhaun the ootspeckle as giein the steid &quot;the kyl tae be a muckle online upstay&quot; fur the Scots leid.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot; /&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wikipaedias bi leid]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2003]]
[[Category:Scots leid|Wikipaedia]]
[[Category:Science an technology in Scotland]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Beyoncé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869695</id>
      <parentid>859244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T04:52:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2600:8800:1787:F100:8808:A962:9939:F534</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Albums */Added Renaissance</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="11910" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Beyoncé
| image = Beyoncé at The Lion King European Premiere 2019.png
| image_size = 
| caption = Beyoncé, 2019
| alias = Sasha Fierce,&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Sasha Fierce is the name of Knowles' alter-ego. This name therefore is an alias per [[Template:Infobox Musical artist#Alias]].--&gt; Third Ward Trill&lt;!--NOTE TO EDITORS: Credited under this name on Jay-Z's album, &quot;Magna Carta... Holy Grail&quot;, on the tracks &quot;Tom Ford&quot; and &quot;BBC&quot;.--&gt;
| birth_name= Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1981|9|4}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], Texas, US
| residence = New York Ceety, New York, US
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer
* actress
}}
| net_worth = {{increase}} US $350 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Alice|title=The 10 women who made Beyonce|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopmusic/10091698/The-10-women-who-made-Beyonce.html|accessdate=September 25, 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=May 31, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| years_active = 1997–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Jay-Z]]|4 April 2008}}
| children 3
| website = {{URL|http://beyonce.com|beyonce.com}}
| module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer &lt;!-- mandatory field --&gt;
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]
* [[Pop muisic|pop]]
* [[Soul muisic|soul]]
}}
| label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Destiny's Child]]
* [[Jay-Z]]
* [[Solange Knowles]]
}}
}}
}}

'''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|title=Beyonce Knowles' name change|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=December 23, 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mononymous person|simply kent as]] '''Beyoncé''', ({{IPAc-en|b|i|ˈ|j|ɒ|n|s|eɪ}} {{respell|bee|YON|say}}) (born 4 September 1981)&lt;ref name=&quot;Born to be a Star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |last=Adams |first=Guy |title=Beyoncé: Born to be a star |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=February 6, 2010 |accessdate=January 9, 2011 |archive-date=2018-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220026/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/beyonc-born-to-be-a-star-1890924.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Sep 6, 2013|year=2013|issue=1275|page=25}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a American sangster an actress.

A sel-described &quot;modren-day [[Feminism|feminist]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Cubarrubia|first=RJ|title=Beyonce Calls Herself a 'Modern-Day Feminist'|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beyonce-calls-herself-a-modern-day-feminist-20130403|publisher=''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]''|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Knowles' sangs is aften characterised bi themes sic as luve, relationships an monogamy, as weel as female sexuality an empouerment. On stage, her dynamic, hiely-choreographed performances haes led tae creetics hailin her as ane o the best enterteeners in contemporar popular muisic. Oot-throu a career raxin 16 year, she haes wan 17 Grammy Awards an sauld ower 118&amp;nbsp;million records as a solo airtist&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|publisher=[[CBS]]|accessdate=August 4, 2013|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an 60&amp;nbsp;million wi Destiny's Child,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Beyoncé and Destiny’s Child to Release Original Track for First Time in Eight Years|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2013/01/11/beyonce-and-destinys-child-to-release-original-track-for-first-time-in-eight-years/|publisher=''TIME''|accessdate=March 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; makkin her ane o the [[:en:List of best-selling music artists|best-sellin muisic airtists]] o aw time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/chartbeat/474549/ask-billboard-the-twitter-sized-edition|title=Ask Billboard: The Twitter-Sized Edition — Chart Beat|work=Billboard|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hamlin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Hamlin|first=John|title=How Gradual Success Helped Beyonce|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|accessdate=January 10, 2013|publisher=[[CBS]]|date=September 12, 2010|archive-date=2013-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021224019/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18560_162-6151266.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Recording Industry Association of America]] recognised Knowles as the Top Certified Artist in America durin the 2000s decade.&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |title=Beyoncé Tops Decade's RIAA Sales |work=Billboard |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654L74M9o?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/content_display/industry/news/e3id4ade3d3e7f8db80b4071ff7aba918fc |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RIAADecade2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Lamy Johnathan |author2=Cara Duckworth |author3=Liz Kennedy |url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |title=RIAA Tallies the Decade's Top Gold and Platinum Award Winners |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA) |date=February 17, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/654LDUPGr?url=http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?id=C91C40E1-A65A-0F81-EBB3-8FE3B7C0ECEA |archivedate=2012-01-30 |access-date=2016-06-16 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2009, ''Billboard'' named her the Top Radio Songs Artist of the Decade,&lt;ref name=&quot;RadioSongsArtist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&amp;begin=41&amp;order=position#/charts-decade-end/radio-songs-artists?year=2009 |title=Radio Songs Artists of the Decade |work=Billboard |accessdate=October 20, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915045919/http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&amp;begin=41&amp;order=position#/charts-decade-end/radio-songs-artists?year=2009 |archivedate=2012-09-15 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; the Top Female Artist of the 2000s an their Artist of the Millennium in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266420/artists-of-the-decade|title=Artist of the Decade|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=March 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barshad|first=Amos|title=Beyoncé Crushes at the Billboard Music Awards|url=http://www.vulture.com/2011/05/beyonc_crushes_at_the_billboar.html|accessdate=July 25, 2013|newspaper=[[Vulture]]|date=May 23, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, she wis includit in ''[[Time magazine|Time]]'' magazine's list o the 100 maist influential fowk in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The 2013 TIME 100|url=http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/|publisher=Time|accessdate=16 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Filmografie==
{{Main|Beyoncé Knowles videografie}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | Year !! | Film !! | Role
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Carmen: A Hip Hopera]]'' || {{sortname|Carmen|Brown|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Austin Powers in Goldmember]]'' || {{sortname|Foxxy|Cleopatra|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2003 || ''[[The Fighting Temptations]]'' || Lilly
|-
| 2006 || ''[[The Pink Panther (2006 film)|The Pink Panther]]'' || Xania
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' || {{sortname|Deena|Jones|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Cadillac Records]]'' || {{sortname|Etta|James}}
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!: Wubb Idol]]'' || Shine*
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Obsessed (2009 film)|Obsessed]]'' || {{sortname|Sharon|Charles|nolink=1}}
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Life Is But a Dream]]'' || Hersel (biopic)
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Epic (film)|Epic]]'' || {{sortname|Queen|Tara|nolink=1}}*
|}
:&lt;small&gt;(*) designated a [[voice acting]] role&lt;/small&gt;

== Albums ==
* Dangerously in Love (2003)
* B'Day (2006)
* I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008)
* 4 (2011)
* Beyoncé (2013)
* Lemonade (2016)
* Renaissance (2022)

==Tours and residency shows==
{{Main|List of Beyoncé Knowles performances}}

;Concert tours
* [[Dangerously in Love Tour]] (2003)
* [[Verizon Ladies First Tour]] (2004)
* [[The Beyoncé Experience]] (2007)
* [[I Am... World Tour]] (2009–2010)
* [[The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour]] (2013–2014)

;Residency shows
* [[I Am... Yours]] (2009)
* [[4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé]] (2011)
* [[Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live]] (2012)

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|http://www.beyonce.com}}
* {{Tumblr|beyonce|Beyoncé Knowles}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p349078|label=Beyoncé}}
* {{Discogs artist|Beyoncé|Beyoncé}}
* {{IMDb name|461498|Beyoncé}}
* [http://www.allrovi.com/name/beyonc%C3%A9-knowles-mn0000055375 Beyoncé Knowles]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at [[AllRovi]]
* [http://soundcloud.com/beyoncemusic Beyoncé] at [[SoundCloud]]

{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata &lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --&gt;
| NAME              = Knowles, Beyoncé
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Knowles, Beyoncé Giselle
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1981-09-04
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Houston, Texas, United States
| DATE OF DEATH     = 
| PLACE OF DEATH    = 
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beyonce}}
[[Category:Beyoncé| ]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:20t-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American sangsters]]
[[Category:21st-century American actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Houston]]
[[Category:African-American businessweemen]]
[[Category:African-American choreographers]]
[[Category:African-American dancers]]
[[Category:African-American fashion designers]]
[[Category:African-American female sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:African-American film directors]]
[[Category:African-American film producers]]
[[Category:African-American Methodists]]
[[Category:African-American record producers]]
[[Category:American businessfowk in retailin]]
[[Category:American cosmetics businessfowk]]
[[Category:American fashion businessfowk]]
[[Category:American female pop sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American hip hop record producers]]
[[Category:American hip hop sangsters]]
[[Category:American mezzo-sopranos]]
[[Category:American muisic publishers (fowk)]]
[[Category:American muisic video directors]]
[[Category:American fowk o Acadie strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Creole strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o French strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Native American strynd]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American rhythm an blues sangster-sangwriters]]
[[Category:American synthpop muisickers]]
[[Category:American vyce actresses]]
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:Columbia Records airtists]]
[[Category:Destiny's Child members]]
[[Category:Female muisic video directors]]
[[Category:Feminist muisickers]]
[[Category:Film directors frae Texas]]
[[Category:Gold Star Records airtists]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Ivor Novello Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Jay-Z]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Louisiana Creole fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Texas]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Houston, Texas]]
[[Category:Muisic video codirectors]]
[[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]]
[[Category:Sony/ATV Music Publishing airtists]]
[[Category:Sangwriters frae Texas]]
[[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:United Methodists]]
[[Category:Weemen film directors]]
[[Category:World Music Awards winners]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1520" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity
| type        = Egyptian
| name        = Apep
| image       = Apep 1.jpg
| image_size  = 
| alt         = 
| caption     = [[Atum]] an snake Apep
| god_of      = 
| hiro        = 
| cult_center = 
| symbol      = 
| parents     = [[Neith]]
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'''Apep''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|p|ɛ|p}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|p|ɛ|p}}) or '''Apophis''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|p|ə|f|ɨ|s}}; {{lang-grc|Άποφις}}; an aa spelled Apepi or Aapep) wis an [[evil]] [[Deity|god]] in [[auncient Egyptian releegion]] depictit as a snake/serpent an a dragon, the deification o [[darkness]] an [[Chaos (cosmogony)|chaos]] (''[[Isfet (Egyptian mythology)|ı͗zft]]'' in Egyptian), an sicweys opponent o licht an [[Ma'at]] (order/[[truth]]), whose existence wis believed frae the 8t Dynasty (mentioned at Moalla) onwards. His name is reconstructit bi Egyptologists as *{{unicode|ʻAʼpāpī}}, as it wis written ''{{unicode|ꜥꜣpp(y)}}'' an survived in later [[Coptic leid|Coptic]] as {{coptic|Ⲁⲫⲱⲫ}} ''Aphōph''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wörterbuch&quot;&gt;[[Adolf Erman|Erman, Adolf]], and [[Hermann Grapow]], eds. 1926&amp;ndash;1953. ''Wörterbuch der aegyptischen Sprache im Auftrage der deutschen Akademien''. 6 vols. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'schen Buchhandlungen. (Reprinted Berlin: Akademie-Verlag GmbH, 1971).&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Egyptian leegendar craiturs]]
[[Category:Draigons]]
[[Category:Egyptian meethologie]]
[[Category:Egyptian demons]]
[[Category:Chaos gods]]</text>
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{{Spanish name|Arteta|Amatriain}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name           = Mikel Arteta
| image          = Mikel Arteta 20111017.jpg
| image_size     = 175
| caption        = Arteta in a match against [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] in 2011
| fullname       = Mikel Arteta Amatriain
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1982|3|26|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[San Sebastián]], Spain
| height         = {{convert|1.79|m|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |title=Mikel Arteta |publisher=UEFA |date=8 January 2014 |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-date=2018-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301153133/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- please read the talk page thread [[Talk:Mikel Arteta#Player's height]] before attempting any change: thank you --&gt;
| position       = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub     = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (jynt-assistant coach)
| clubnumber     = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (heid coach)
| youthyears1    = 1994–1997 |youthclubs1 = [[Antiguoko]]
| youthyears2    = 1997–1999 |youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| years1         = 1999      |clubs1      = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]]                            |caps1 = 5   |goals1 = 1
| years2         = 1999–2002 |clubs2      = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]]                            |caps2 = 42  |goals2 = 3
| years3         = 2001–2002 |clubs3      = → [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (loan) |caps3 = 31  |goals3 = 2
| years4         = 2002–2004 |clubs4      = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]                                  |caps4 = 50  |goals4 = 12
| years5         = 2004–2005 |clubs5      = [[Real Sociedad]]                                         |caps5 = 15  |goals5 = 1
| years6         = 2005      |clubs6      = → [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)                         |caps6 = 12  |goals6 = 1
| years7         = 2005–2011 |clubs7      = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]                                  |caps7 = 162 |goals7 = 27
| years8         = 2011–2016 |clubs8      = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]                                  |caps8 = 110  |goals8 = 14
| totalcaps      = 427       |totalgoals = 61
| nationalyears1 = 1998–1999 |nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 10 |nationalgoals1 = 4
| nationalyears2 = 1999      |nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 7  |nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 1999–2001 |nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Spain U18]] |nationalcaps3 = 13 |nationalgoals3 = 1
| nationalyears4 = 2002–2003 |nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] |nationalcaps4 = 12 |nationalgoals4 = 2
| manageryears1 = 2016–2019
| managerclubs1 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (assistant)
| manageryears2 = 2019–
| managerclubs2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
}}

'''Mikel Arteta Amatriain''' (born 26 Mairch 1982) is a Spaingie reteert professional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]].

Arteta stairtit oot as a trainee wi [[FC Barcelona]] but cidnae break his wey intae the first team an wis eventually lent tae [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in the [[Ligue 1|French league]]. He wis then signed bi [[Scottish Premier League]] club [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] wi that he wad win the [[Treble (association fitbaw)#Domestic Treble|domestic treble]] o the league, [[Scottish Cup]] an [[Scottish League Cup|League Cup]] in the saison o 2002–03. Efter success in [[Scotland]], Arteta muivit back tae Spain tae play for [[Real Sociedad]] but failed tae establish hissel athin the first team an wis lent tae [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] for the remainder o the 2004–05 saison, prior tae signin permanently in Julie 2005. He then made a permanent transfer tae [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in 2011. He wis appointit caiptain o the club in August 2014.

He uised tae play fur {{ill|St Machar Academy|en}} as weel.

Arteta haes representit Spain at [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|unner-21 level]], but he haesnae played for the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|senior naitional team]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/04/01/cahill-calls-for-arteta-call-up |publisher=evertonfc.com |title=Cahill Calls for Arteta Call Up |access-date=24 July 2010 |archive-date=2012-03-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66BqJimk5?url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/04/01/cahill-calls-for-arteta-call-up |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Club career ==

=== Early career ===
Born in [[San Sebastián]], [[Gipuzkoa]], Basque Kintra, Arteta began his fitbaw career at [[Antiguoko]] an befriendit fellae midfielder [[Xabi Alonso]] as thay wad play thegither every weekend.  The twa wad aften play alang the beaches an gutters o [[San Sebastián]] an dreamt o playin thegither at [[Real Sociedad]]. Arteta left for the [[FC Barcelona B]] squad at 15 years o age while Alonso signed for Real Sociedad later.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/mikel-arteta-its-a-long-way-from-san-sebastian-515944.html |work=The Independent |title=Mikel Arteta: 'It's a long way from San Sebastian...' |access-date=13 August 2010 |location=London |date=19 November 2005 |archive-date=2012-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126151047/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/mikel-arteta-its-a-long-way-from-san-sebastian-515944.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his potential Arteta failed tae break intae the first team, an went oot on lend tae French club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in Dizember 2000. In Paris, durin a saison an a hauf, Arteta wis uised bi manager [[Luis Fernández]] as a playmaker. While PSG fand Arteta crucial for thair gemme, wanted tae keep him at the end o the lend period, an haed a buyin first option, Arteta sucks

=== Rangers ===
Arteta jynt [[Scotland|Scottish]] club Rangers in 2002, winnin the 2003 [[Scottish Premier League]] title as well as the [[Scottish Cup]] an [[Scots League Cup]]. Arteta enjoyed a successfu first saison at [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] an quickly established himsel as a first team regular an a fans' favourite. He returned tae Spain efter twa saisons in Glesga.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt;

=== Real Sociedad ===
He jyned [[Real Sociedad]] for €5.2 million in 2004 wi the idea o Arteta an [[Xabi Alonso]] playin thegither. Housomeivver, Alonso left for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] an Arteta failed tae establish hissel in the team.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt;

=== Everton ===
[[File:Mikel Arteta vs Bohemians.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Arteta playin for Everton.]]
[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] manager [[David Moyes]] signed Arteta in the 2005 Januar transfer windae on loan wi a view tae a permanent transfer. Seen as a replacement for Dens midfielder [[Thomas Gravesen]], Arteta played a vital pairt in helpin Everton achieve [[UEFA Champions League]] qualification possibility, housomeivver thay wur knockit oot in the last qualifyin roond.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt; He scored his first Everton goal in the 4–0 victory ower [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]. Arteta signed a permanent five-year deal in Julie 2005 for a fee o £2 million.

The 2005–06 saison saw Arteta pick up baith the Everton ''Fans' Player of the Season'' an the ''Players' Player of the Season'' awairds.&lt;ref name=EFCprofile&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |title=Squad Profiles: Mikel Arteta |publisher=evertonfc.com |access-date=2008-08-01 |archive-date=2009-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta's guid shape extendit intae 2006–07. As well as retainin his stairtin place, he frequently turned in man-o-the-match displays, an feenished the saison wi nine goals frae the 35 league gemms he played. Arteta wis awairdit the ''Player of the Season Award'' for the seicont consecutive year.&lt;ref name=EFCprofile /&gt; He wis votit the Premiership's 'Midfielder of the Year' bi the readers o [[Sky Sports]] an aw, beatin [[PFA Players' Player of the Year]] [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-named-best-midfield.html |publisher=evertonfc.com |title=Midfielder of the year |access-date=17 June 2007 |archive-date=2007-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018084006/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-named-best-midfield.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Leon Osman &amp; Mikel Arteta.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Arteta wi [[Leon Osman]] in 2008.]]

Arteta's creativity wis a essential pairt o Everton's attackin play the follaein saison, an he haed scored sax goals bi the end o Januar.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta Mikel Arteta / Everton Squad, Everton Players / evertonfc.com – The Official Website of Everton Football Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |date=2009-10-16 }}. Evertonfc.com (28 March 1982). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; That impruivit further a saison later, scorin nine times in the 2006–07 saison an ance again endin the saison as the Player of the Year. He helpit Everton secur a place in the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] an wis rankit bi the ACTIM Index as the saxt best player in the Premiership but it did no earn him a caw-up intae the full Spain squad.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt; Durin the simmer o 2007, he signed a new five-year contract.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt;

Arteta addit anither accolade tae his growin collection during the 2007–08 season, when he pickit up North West Footballer of the Year awaird. He then became the first Everton player in five years tae receive the [[Liverpool Echo]]'s Sports Personality of the Year awaird in Januar 2008.

Arteta suffered a painch injury in the seicont hauf o the saison, an shortly afore the final gemme of the campaign, he underwent surgery tae rectify the problem.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt; He scored his first goal o the 2008–09 season in the [[Premier League]] opener versus [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] wi a free kick. He wis named [[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]] for a 2–2 draw wi [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]], scorin a penalty in the gemme. In Februar, Arteta wis carriet aff on a [[stretcher]] in a 0–0 draw wi [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle]] haein injured a [[ligament]] in his knee, days efter his first inclusion in the Spainyie naitional team squad. The injury kept him oot for the rest o the 2008–09 saison an the first five month o 2009–10. Ower the course o the saison, Arteta began tae play again in the centre o the field, uisually bein pairtnered wi a defensive midfielder, giein him the freedom tae dictate the tempo o the gemme an connectin wi Pienaar an Osman on the wing.

Arteta made his return frae injury in Januar 2010 as a substitute in an [[FA Cup]] tee against [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]], afore stairtin in a 2–1 hame Premier League win against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]. His first twa goals o the saison wur scored in a 5–1 win ower [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] in Mairch 2010. In August that year he signed a five-year contract extension wi Everton.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/08/13/arteta-contract-photo-exclusive |publisher=Everton F.C. |title=Arteta Contract Photo Exclusive |date=13 August 2010 |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134129/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/08/13/arteta-contract-photo-exclusive |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The 2010/11 saison pruivit tae be no sae successfu as expectit for baith the team an the player. Efter early goals in the saison, against Manchester United (in a thriller 3-3 comeback in Goodison Park) an in the Merseyside Derby 2-0 victory, Arteta suffered a loss o shape that wad be crucial in Everton push for a European spot. He begun tae shaw again glimpses o creative pouer in the feenal pairt o the saison, when he wis played again on the wing, enjoyin mair freedom an space.

Upon depairtin Everton, Arteta said &quot;I am 29 years old so I haven’t got much time left to take a chance like this one. I have done my best for Everton.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14744368.stm |title=Arteta defends move to Arsenal |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=1 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A few weeks later he revealed tae the [[Liverpool Echo]] that the spirit in Everton's dressin room is the 'best in football'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/everton-fc/everton-fc-news/2011/10/07/mikel-arteta-spirit-in-everton-fc-s-dressing-room-is-the-best-in-football-100252-29554361/ |title=Arteta believes Everton team spirit is the best in football |publisher=[[Liverpool Echo]] |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=1 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Arsenal ===

==== 2011–12 saison ====
[[File:Mikel Arteta Arsenal Borussia Dortmund.jpg|thumb|Arteta an Arsenal against [[Borussia Dortmund]] in the [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]].]]
Arteta signed wi [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] on 31 August 2011 on a fower-year deal for a reportit fee of £10 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Arteta joins Arsenal on a four-year deal |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-joins-arsenal-on-a-four-year-deal |work=Arsenal.com |date=31 August 2011 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2012-03-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66BqLAOAE?url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-joins-arsenal-on-a-four-year-deal |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta wis gien the nummer 8 jersey, which wis last worn bi [[Samir Nasri]], that haed left the club for [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] juist ower a week earlier. He made his debut on 10 September in a 1–0 hame win against [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]].&lt;ref&gt;McNulty, Phil. (10 September 2011) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14772989 BBC Sport – Arsenal 1–0 Swansea]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta scored his first [[Premier League]] goal for Arsenal in a 4–3 loss agin [[Blackburn Rovers]] at [[Ewood Park]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/3820401/Blackburn-4-Arsenal-3.html |location=London |work=The Sun |first=Rob |last=Beasley |title=Blackburn 4 Arsenal 3}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his seicont goal for the club in a 3–0 hame win agin [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] as he began tae comfortably settle intae his playmakkin role at Arsenal.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/282224/Arsenal-3-West-Brom-0-Arteta-is-feeling-at-home Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | Football]. Express.co.uk (7 November 2011). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; He opened the scorin wi a 25-yard &quot;swervin lang range shot&quot; in a 4–0 awa win agin [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] at the [[DW Stadium]] an aw.&lt;ref&gt;Sinnott, John. (3 December 2011) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/15901915 BBC Sport – Wigan 0–4 Arsenal]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta wis able tae hae his first chance tae caiptain the Gunners in the third roond FA Cup victory ower Leeds United, maistly notably remembered for the seicont debut o [[Thierry Henry]]. His fowert Premier League goal o the saison came on 4 Februar as Arsenal thrashed Blackburn 7–1 at the [[Emirates Stadium|Emirates]], scorin frae the edge o the aurie as a clearance frae a corner reached him.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16779019 &quot;Arsenal 7–1 Blackburn&quot;] BBC Sport.4 February 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 Februar, Arsenal fand thairsels 2–0 doun in the [[North Lunnon derby]] against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Spurs]], an Arteta providit a assist for [[Bacary Sagna]] tae reduce the deficit tae 2–1. Arsenal wan the spiel 5–2. He then scored a brilliant 35-yard free-kick on 24 Mairch in a 3–0 win ower [[Aston Villa]], helpin his team go a further three pynts aheid o [[:en:North London derby|North Lunnon rivals]] [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Spurs]] in the race tae secure [[2012-13 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] fitbaw.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/310552/Arsenal-3-Aston-Villa-0-Arsene-Wenger-has-new-spring-to-his-step Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | Football]. Express.co.uk (26 March 2012). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Apryle, he scored the winnin goal frae 25 yards oot in a 1–0 win against Manchester City at the Emirates, playin, what seemit at the time, a crucial role in the title race as the defeat for City left thaim aicht pynts ahint rivals Manchester United.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17576401 &quot;Arsenal 1–0 Manchester City&quot;] BBC Sport. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta suffered a ankle sprain in his side's 2–1 loss tae Wigan Athletic on 16 Apryle efter less nor ten minutes, that sidelined him for the remainder o the saison.&lt;ref&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1051233/arsenal-midfielder-mikel-arteta-ruled-out-of-run-in?cc=5901 Arsenal midfielder Mikel Arteta ruled out of run-in – ESPN Soccernet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423144827/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1051233/arsenal-midfielder-mikel-arteta-ruled-out-of-run-in?cc=5901 |date=2012-04-23 }}. Soccernet.espn.go.com (20 April 2012). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; This, housomeivver, didna detract frae his excellent first saison at Arsenal; as a result he wis votit bi the fans as the fift maist important player o the 2011–12 campaign in Arsenal's Player of the Season poll.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/player-of-the-season-in-fifth-place-is |first=Rob |last=Kelly |title=Player of the Season – in fifth place is... |publisher=Arsenal.com |date=28 May 2012 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705024401/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/player-of-the-season-in-fifth-place-is |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2012–13 saison ====
[[File:Mikel Arteta (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|150px|Arteta in 2012]]
On 17 August, Arteta wis annooncit as the new vice caiptain o the club efter the depairtur o umwhile caiptain [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/vermaelen-confirmed-as-new-arsenal-captain |title=Vermaelen confirmed as new Arsenal captain |date=17 August 2012 |access-date=2012-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein the depairtur o [[Alex Song]], Arteta haed muivit ontae a deeper role an haes adaptit well tae it. On 27 October 2012, he scored his first goal o the saison wi a close range tap in against [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] tae win the gemme 1–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/sat-1pmwenger-arteta-plays-intelligent-role |title=Wenger – arsenal plays an intelligent role |publisher=Arsenal.com |date=15 September 2012 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2013-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224163621/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/sat-1pmwenger-arteta-plays-intelligent-role |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 November 2012, Arteta missed a chance tae win a gemme against Fulham, as his penalty at the daith wis savit bi [[Mark Schwarzer]]. The gemme feenished 3–3.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=John |last=Stanton |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20190108 |title=Arsenal 3-3 Fulham |publisher=BBC Sport |date=10 November 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Dizember 2012, Arteta scored twa penalties tae secure Arsenal's 2–0 hame victory ower West Bromwich Albion an wis namit Man of the Match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Mandeep |last=Sanghera |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20564961 |title=Arsenal 2-0 West Brom |publisher=BBC Sport |date=8 December 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 Dizember 2012, Arteta scored a seicont hauf penalty at Wigan Athletic tae gain three pynts for Arsenal. On 13 Januar 2013, the day o the  Premier League match wi Manchester City, Arsenal reportit that Arteta wad be oot for three weeks due tae a ankle problem he receivit in trainin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21006473 |title=Arsenal's Mikel Arteta ruled out for three weeks |date=14 January 2013 |access-date=2013-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 Mairch, Arteta scored frae the spot efter [[Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain]] winnin a penalty. Arsenal went tae beat Reading 4–1. On 13 Apryle, Arteta scored the equaliser frae the penalty spot as Arsenal came frae ahint tae beat [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]] 3–1 at hame. On 4 Mey, Arteta got his fowert assist o the [[:en:2012–13 in English fitbaw|2012–13 saison]], bi passin the baw tae [[Theo Walcott]], who slottit hame in the first minute against Queens Park Rangers. He wis votit bi the fans as the fowert best player o the 2012–13 campaign in Arsenal's Player of the Season poll, efter leadin the team tae thair 17t consecutive tap fower feenish.

==== 2013–14 saison ====
Arteta missed Arsenal's first fower gemmes o the [[Premier League]] campaign due tae injury, but returned tae the squad afore thair gemme against [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/430915/Mikel-Arteta-back-as-Arsene-Wenger-hails-Aaron-Ramsey-ahead-of-Stoke-clash&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 October 2013, he scored his first goal o the saison in a 2–0 awa win ower [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] frae the [[Penalty kick|penalty spot]]. Housomeivver, he wis [[Ejection (sports)|sent aff]] later in the same match bi referee [[Chris Foy (referee)|Chris Foy]] for a foul on [[Marouane Chamakh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/crystal-palace-0-arsenal-2-match-report-gunners-made-to-work-by-rejuvenated-eagles-8906080.html |title=Crystal Palace 0 Arsenal 2 match report: Gunners made to work by rejuvenated Eagles |date=27 October 2013 |work=The Independent |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2014-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101070518/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/crystal-palace-0-arsenal-2-match-report-gunners-made-to-work-by-rejuvenated-eagles-8906080.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta receivit his seicont reid caird o the saison in Arsenal's 2–0 defeat tae [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] in a [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] group stage match in Dizember 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25303686 |title=Napoli 2-0 Arsenal |date=11 December 2013 |access-date=8 March 2014 |work=BBC |last=Magowan |first=Alistair}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Mairch 2014, Arteta scored a penalty against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] in the [[2013–14 FA Cup|FA Cup]] quairter-feenal, helpin Arsenal tae a 4–1 win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26395193 |title=Arsenal 4-1 Everton |date=8 March 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 Apryle 2014, Arteta scored ane o the penalties in the FA Cup semi-feenal shuitoot against [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] tae send Arsenal tae the feenal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26897266 |title=Arsenal 1-1 Wigan |date=12 April 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 17 Mey 2014, Arteta receivit his first major honours wi Arsenal, caiptainin the team as thay beat [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] 3–2 at [[Wembley Stadium]] in the [[2014 FA Cup Feenal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27354148 |title=Arsenal 3-2 Hull |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2014–15 saison ====
In August 2014, Arteta wis annooncit as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal's]] new club caiptain. He describit the appointment as &quot;a big honour an a privilege, wi a big responsibility&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/20140810/wenger-on-winning-and-attacking-options |publisher=Arsenal |date=10 August 2014 |title=Wenger on winning and attacking options |access-date=9 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;l24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Arteta looks to build on Community Shield win and reflects on captaincy |url=http://www.london24.com/sport/football/clubs/arsenal/arteta_looks_to_build_on_community_shield_win_and_reflects_on_captaincy_1_3721077 |publisher=London 24 |access-date=9 July 2015 |date=11 August 2014 |archive-date=2015-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710151655/http://www.london24.com/sport/football/clubs/arsenal/arteta_looks_to_build_on_community_shield_win_and_reflects_on_captaincy_1_3721077 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 August, he wan his first trophy as full-time caiptain, playin the full 90 minutes as Arsenal beat Manchester City 3–0 in the [[2014 FA Community Shield]].&lt;ref name=&quot;l24&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28647186 |title=Arsenal 3–0 Man City |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his first goal of the season, a penalty, in a 3–3 Champions League draw wi [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] on 4 November 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29362849 |title=Arsenal 3–3 Anderlecht |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2015–16 saison ====
On 8 Julie 2015, manager Arsène Wenger revealed that Arteta haed signed a ane-year extension wi Arsenal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/20150708/wenger-arteta-has-signed-new-deal |title=Wenger – Arteta has signed new deal |date=8 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta came on as a substitute as Arsenal beat [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] 1–0 tae win the [[2015 FA Community Shield]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33667216 |title=Arsenal 1–0 Chelsea |date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; This wis his first competitive appearance for the club syne November 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034&amp;season_id=144 |title=Games played by Mikel Arteta in 2014/2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |publisher=soccerbase.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional career ==

Mikel Arteta is eligible for the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spainyie]] naitional fitbaw team. Arteta haes played for Spain at Unner 16, Unner 17, Unner 18 an Under 21 levels but haes no played for the senior internaitional team. He representit Spain in the U16 European Championships, UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup, FIFA U17 Warld Cup an caiptained Spain in the U21 European Championships qualifyin campaign.

In August 2010, several Breetish news organisations erroneously reportit that Arteta wad be eligible tae play for the [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team]] due tae his eligibility for a Breetish passport. The player isnae eligible for Ingland acause FIFA Statutes stipulate that the player needs tae hae held a Breetish passport at the time when he representit Spain at the U16 European Championships an in addeetion he wad hae required five years o eddication in Breetain afore turnin 18.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/scotland/8955046.stm |work=BBC News |title=Arteta pick not possible – Levein |date=30 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7975748/Fabio-Capello-embarrassed-as-Fifa-rule-confirms-Mikel-Artetas-ineligibility-to-play-for-England.html |work=Daily Telegraph |title=Fabio Capello embarrassed as Fifa rule confirms Mikel Arteta's ineligibility to play for England |date=1 September 2010 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In November 2011, Arteta reiteratit his desire tae ane day represent his kintra at internaitional level. &quot;It’s one of my targets and I won’t stop going for it because I really want to represent my country&quot;. He went on tae praise the current Spainyie midfield as &quot;the best midfield the world has ever seen&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-spain-s-midfield-is-the-best-ever |work=Arsenal.com |title=Arteta – Spain’s midfield is the best ever |date=10 November 2011 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2011-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219151217/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-spain-s-midfield-is-the-best-ever |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 10 October 2012, fellae Spaniard an Arsenal team-mate [[Santi Cazorla]] said that it wis 'strange' that Arteta haed niver been caaed up bi Spain despite consistently impressin in the Premier League.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3890/england/2012/10/10/3439366/arteta-spain-snub-strange-says-arsenal-team-mate-cazorla |work=Goal.com |title=Arteta Spain snub 'strange', says Arsenal team-mate Cazorla |date=10 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Style o play ==
[[File:Mikel Arteta corner kick Arsenal vs Swansea.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Arteta takkin a corner kick for Arsenal.]]

Whiles initially thocht o as a &quot;pivot&quot; or defensive midfielder in the moud o his hero [[Pep Guardiola]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/sport/football.html?in_article_id=476065&amp;in_page_id=1779 |location=London |work=Daily Mail |title=Arteta: Artist of Goodison |date=17 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is anerly sin bein shiftit tae a mair attackin role, first bi Luis Fernandez in PSG,&lt;ref name=&quot;parisien&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=20 March 2002|newspaper=Le Parisien|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/les-glasgow-rangers-subtilisent-arteta-au-psg-20-03-2002-2002911582.php|access-date=14 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; then bi David Moyes in Everton, that Arteta's career haes truly begun tae flourish. Awtho he achievit moderate success frae central midfield wi PSG an Rangers, his muive tae a mair attackin role saw him ratit as the saxt maist effective player in the [[Premier League]] in 2006-07 bi the offeecial player ratins seestem the [[Actim Index]].

Wi 100 fouls committit against him in the 2006–07 saison he wis the maist fouled player in the Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPNsoccernet: Mikel Arteta&quot;&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=9840&amp;cc=5739 ESPNsoccernet: Mikel Arteta]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Soccernet.espn.go.com (26 March 1982). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Addeetionally, he haes pruivit an extremely potent creative force thanks mainly tae his pinpoint crossin ability an propensity for the killer pass, wi his tot o 12 league assists in the 2006–07 saison bein third tae [[Cesc Fàbregas]] an [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.premierleague.com/page/Statistics Players] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203132930/http://www.premierleague.com/page/Statistics |date=2010-12-03 }}. Premierleague.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career statistics ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 16 August 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mikel Arteta |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034 |work=Soccerbase |access-date=26 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- NOTE: when updating stats, update the infobox too! --&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Season
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Cup&lt;sup&gt;[[#1|1]]&lt;/sup&gt;
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Europe
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Tot
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]]
|[[:en:1999–2000 Segunda División B|1999–2000]]
|26||1||–||colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—||26||1||–
|-
|[[:en:2000–01 Segunda División B|2000–01]]
|16||2||–||colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—||16||2||–
|-
! Tot
!42!!3!!–!!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—!!42!!3!!–
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
|[[:en:2000–01 French Division 1|2000–01]]
|6||1||0||1||0||0||4||0||0||11||1||0
|-
|[[:en:2001–02 French Division 1|2001–02]]
|25||1||0||7||2||0||10||1||0||42||4||0
|-
!| Tot
!31!!2!!0!!8!!2!!0!!14!!1!!0!!53!!5!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|[[:en:2002-03 Scottish Premier League|2002–03]]
|27||4||0||7||1||0||1||0||0||35||5||0
|-
|[[:en:2003-04 Scottish Premier League|2003–04]]
|23||8||0||4||0||0||6||1||0||33||9||0
|-
!| Tot
!50!!12!!0!!11!!1!!0!!7!!1!!0!!68!!14!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Real Sociedad]]
|[[:en:2004-05 La Liga|2004–05]]
|15||1||0||0||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||15||1||0
|-
!| Tot
!15!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—!!15!!1!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
|[[:en:2004-05 FA Premier League|2004–05]]
|12||1||2||1||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||13||1||2
|-
|[[:en:2005-06 FA Premier League|2005–06]]
|29||1||7||5||1||0||3||1||0||37||3||7
|-
|[[:en:2006-07 FA Premier League|2006–07]]
|35||9||12||4||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||39||9||12
|-
|[[:en:2007-08 Premier League|2007–08]]
|28||1||7||2||0||0||7||3||0||37||4||7
|-
|[[:en:2008-09 Premier League|2008–09]]
|26||6||7||3||1||0||2||0||0||31||7||7
|-
|[[:en:2009-10 Premier League|2009–10]]
|13||6||2||1||0||0||2||0||0||16||6||2
|-
|[[:en:2010-11 Premier League|2010–11]]
|29||3||4||4||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||33||3||4
|-
|[[:en:2011-12 Premier League|2011–12]]
|2||1||0||1||1||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||3||2||0
|-
!| Tot
!174!!28!!41!!21!!3!!0!!14!!4!!0!!209!!35!!41
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
|[[:en:2011-12 Premier League|2011–12]]
|29||6||3||3||0||0||6||0||0||38||6||3
|-
|[[:en:2012-13 Premier League|2012–13]]
|34||6||4||2||0||1||7||0||1||43||6||6
|-
|[[:en:2013-14 Premier League|2013–14]]
|31||2||0||6||1||0||6||0||0||43||3||0
|-
|[[:en:2014-15 Premier League|2014–15]]
|1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
!| Tot
!95!!14!!7!!11!!1!!1!!19!!0!!1!!125!!15!!9
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career tot
!407!!60!!48!!50!!7!!1!!53!!6!!1!!512!!72!!50
|}

:&lt;div id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;small&gt; Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]], [[FA Cup]] an [[Football League Cup]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
;Paris Saint-Germain
*[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] (1): [[:en:2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2001]]

;Rangers
*[[Scottish Premier League]] (1): [[:en:Scottish Premier League 2002-03|2002–03]]
*[[Scottish Cup]] (1): [[:en:2003 Scottish Cup Final|2002–03]]
*[[Scottish League Cup]] (1): [[:en:2003 Scottish League Cup Final|2002–03]]

;Arsenal
*[[FA Cup]] (1): [[:en:2013–14 FA Cup|2013–14]]
*[[FA Community Shield]] (1): [[:en:2014 FA Community Shield|2014]]

=== Internaitional ===
;Spain
*[[UEFA European Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA European Unner-16 Fitbaa Championship]]: [[:en:1999 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship|1999]]
*[[UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup]]: 1999

=== Individual ===
*Scottish Premier League Young Player of the Month (2): September 2002, August 2003
*Everton Player of the Season (2): 2005–06, 2006–07
*Everton Players' Player of the Season (1): 2005–06
*Sky Sports Midfielder of the Year (1): 2006–07
*North West Player of the Year (1): 2006–07

== Personal life ==
Arteta's wife is the umwhile [[Miss Spain]] [[Lorena Bernal]].&lt;ref name=mailarticle /&gt; wi that he haes twa sons, Gabriel an Daniel. He is close friends wi [[Xabi Alonso]], that plays for [[Barcelona F.C.|Barcelona]]. The twa uised tae be neebours at Liverpool's [[Albert Dock]] apartment complex.&lt;ref name=mailarticle&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/sport/football.html?in_article_id=476065&amp;in_page_id=1779 |title=Arteta: Artist of Goodison |access-date=17 August 2007 |location=London |work=Daily Mail |date=17 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta is [[multilingual]], speakin fluent Spainyie, [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] an Inglis. He speaks some French, Italian an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-s-love-affair.html Arteta's Love Affair with Everton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018084009/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-s-love-affair.html |date=2007-10-18 }}. Evertonfc.com (15 September 2007). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Recently, Mikel haes testit positive for [[Coronavirus]] 
&lt;ref&gt;
[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51865442]&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/mikel-arteta Premier League Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905193706/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/mikel-arteta |date=2014-09-05 }}
*[http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/mikel-arteta Arsenal F.C. Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129122147/http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/mikel-arteta |date=2011-11-29 }}
*[http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta Everton F.C. Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |date=2009-10-16 }}
*[http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034 Soccerbase Profile]
*[http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/arteta-amatriain-mikel LFP Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214548/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/arteta-amatriain-mikel |date=2015-06-08 }}
*[http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=175416/ FIFA Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124214807/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=175416/ |date=2015-01-24 }}
*[http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html UEFA Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301153133/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |date=2018-03-01 }}
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3174346/ IMDb Profile]

{{Everton F.C. Player of the Year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arteta, Mikel}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae San Sebastián]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Basque fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]
[[Category:Tercera División players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona C players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona B players]]
[[Category:Real Sociedad fitbawers]]
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]
[[Category:Rangers F.C. players]]
[[Category:Everton F.C. players]]
[[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]
[[Category:Scottish Premier League players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Scotland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Scotland]]</text>
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      <text bytes="39396" xml:space="preserve">{{Fixscots}}
{{Spanish name|Arteta|Amatriain}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name           = Mikel Arteta
| image          = Mikel Arteta 20111017.jpg
| image_size     = 175
| caption        = Arteta in a match against [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] in 2011
| fullname       = Mikel Arteta Amatriain
| birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1982|3|26|df=y}}
| birth_place    = [[San Sebastián]], Spain
| height         = {{convert|1.79|m|abbr=on}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |title=Mikel Arteta |publisher=UEFA |date=8 January 2014 |access-date=4 March 2014 |archive-date=2018-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301153133/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- please read the talk page thread [[Talk:Mikel Arteta#Player's height]] before attempting any change: thank you --&gt;
| position       = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub     = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (jynt-assistant coach)
| clubnumber     = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (heid coach)
| youthyears1    = 1994–1997 |youthclubs1 = [[Antiguoko]]
| youthyears2    = 1997–1999 |youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| years1         = 1999      |clubs1      = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]]                            |caps1 = 5   |goals1 = 1
| years2         = 1999–2002 |clubs2      = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]]                            |caps2 = 42  |goals2 = 3
| years3         = 2001–2002 |clubs3      = → [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (loan) |caps3 = 31  |goals3 = 2
| years4         = 2002–2004 |clubs4      = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]                                  |caps4 = 50  |goals4 = 12
| years5         = 2004–2005 |clubs5      = [[Real Sociedad]]                                         |caps5 = 15  |goals5 = 1
| years6         = 2005      |clubs6      = → [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan)                         |caps6 = 12  |goals6 = 1
| years7         = 2005–2011 |clubs7      = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]                                  |caps7 = 162 |goals7 = 27
| years8         = 2011–2016 |clubs8      = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]                                  |caps8 = 110  |goals8 = 14
| totalcaps      = 427       |totalgoals = 61
| nationalyears1 = 1998–1999 |nationalteam1 = [[Spain naitional unner-16 fitbaw team|Spain U16]] |nationalcaps1 = 10 |nationalgoals1 = 4
| nationalyears2 = 1999      |nationalteam2 = [[Spain naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Spain U17]] |nationalcaps2 = 7  |nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 1999–2001 |nationalteam3 = [[Spain naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Spain U18]] |nationalcaps3 = 13 |nationalgoals3 = 1
| nationalyears4 = 2002–2003 |nationalteam4 = [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Spain U21]] |nationalcaps4 = 12 |nationalgoals4 = 2
| manageryears1 = 2016–2019
| managerclubs1 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (assistant)
| manageryears2 = 2019–
| managerclubs2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
}}

'''Mikel Arteta Amatriain''' (born 26 Mairch 1982) is a Spaingie reteert professional [[association fitbaw|fitbawer]].

Arteta stairtit oot as a trainee wi [[FC Barcelona]] but cidnae break his wey intae the first team an wis eventually lent tae [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in the [[Ligue 1|French league]]. He wis then signed bi [[Scottish Premier League]] club [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] wi that he wad win the [[Treble (association fitbaw)#Domestic Treble|domestic treble]] o the league, [[Scottish Cup]] an [[Scottish League Cup|League Cup]] in the saison o 2002–03. Efter success in [[Scotland]], Arteta muivit back tae Spain tae play for [[Real Sociedad]] but failed tae establish hissel athin the first team an wis lent tae [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] for the remainder o the 2004–05 saison, prior tae signin permanently in Julie 2005. He then made a permanent transfer tae [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in 2011. He wis appointit caiptain o the club in August 2014.

He uised tae play fur {{ill|St Machar Academy|en}} as weel.

Arteta haes representit Spain at [[Spain naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|unner-21 level]], but he haesnae played for the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|senior naitional team]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/04/01/cahill-calls-for-arteta-call-up |publisher=evertonfc.com |title=Cahill Calls for Arteta Call Up |access-date=24 July 2010 |archive-date=2012-03-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66BqJimk5?url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/04/01/cahill-calls-for-arteta-call-up |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Club career ==

=== Early career ===
Born in [[San Sebastián]], [[Gipuzkoa]], Basque Kintra, Arteta began his fitbaw career at [[Antiguoko]] an befriendit fellae midfielder [[Xabi Alonso]] as thay wad play thegither every weekend.  The twa wad aften play alang the beaches an gutters o [[San Sebastián]] an dreamt o playin thegither at [[Real Sociedad]]. Arteta left for the [[FC Barcelona B]] squad at 15 years o age while Alonso signed for Real Sociedad later.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/mikel-arteta-its-a-long-way-from-san-sebastian-515944.html |work=The Independent |title=Mikel Arteta: 'It's a long way from San Sebastian...' |access-date=13 August 2010 |location=London |date=19 November 2005 |archive-date=2012-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126151047/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/mikel-arteta-its-a-long-way-from-san-sebastian-515944.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite his potential Arteta failed tae break intae the first team, an went oot on lend tae French club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] in Dizember 2000. In Paris, durin a saison an a hauf, Arteta wis uised bi manager [[Luis Fernández]] as a playmaker. While PSG fand Arteta crucial for thair gemme, wanted tae keep him at the end o the lend period, an haed a buyin first option, Arteta's transfer tae [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] wis feenally arrangit as early as in Mairch 2002, as mair financially interestin for Barcelona.&lt;ref name=parisien&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/sports/les-glasgow-rangers-subtilisent-arteta-au-psg-20-03-2002-2002911582.php |newspaper=Le Parisien |access-date=14 July 2014 |date=20 March 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rangers ===
Arteta jynt [[Scotland|Scottish]] club Rangers in 2002, winnin the 2003 [[Scottish Premier League]] title as well as the [[Scottish Cup]] an [[Scots League Cup]]. Arteta enjoyed a successfu first saison at [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] an quickly established himsel as a first team regular an a fans' favourite. He returned tae Spain efter twa saisons in Glesga.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt;

=== Real Sociedad ===
He jyned [[Real Sociedad]] for €5.2 million in 2004 wi the idea o Arteta an [[Xabi Alonso]] playin thegither. Housomeivver, Alonso left for [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] an Arteta failed tae establish hissel in the team.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt;

=== Everton ===
[[File:Mikel Arteta vs Bohemians.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Arteta playin for Everton.]]
[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] manager [[David Moyes]] signed Arteta in the 2005 Januar transfer windae on loan wi a view tae a permanent transfer. Seen as a replacement for Dens midfielder [[Thomas Gravesen]], Arteta played a vital pairt in helpin Everton achieve [[UEFA Champions League]] qualification possibility, housomeivver thay wur knockit oot in the last qualifyin roond.&lt;ref name=Arteta&amp;Alonso /&gt; He scored his first Everton goal in the 4–0 victory ower [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]. Arteta signed a permanent five-year deal in Julie 2005 for a fee o £2 million.

The 2005–06 saison saw Arteta pick up baith the Everton ''Fans' Player of the Season'' an the ''Players' Player of the Season'' awairds.&lt;ref name=EFCprofile&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |title=Squad Profiles: Mikel Arteta |publisher=evertonfc.com |access-date=2008-08-01 |archive-date=2009-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta's guid shape extendit intae 2006–07. As well as retainin his stairtin place, he frequently turned in man-o-the-match displays, an feenished the saison wi nine goals frae the 35 league gemms he played. Arteta wis awairdit the ''Player of the Season Award'' for the seicont consecutive year.&lt;ref name=EFCprofile /&gt; He wis votit the Premiership's 'Midfielder of the Year' bi the readers o [[Sky Sports]] an aw, beatin [[PFA Players' Player of the Year]] [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-named-best-midfield.html |publisher=evertonfc.com |title=Midfielder of the year |access-date=17 June 2007 |archive-date=2007-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018084006/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-named-best-midfield.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Leon Osman &amp; Mikel Arteta.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Arteta wi [[Leon Osman]] in 2008.]]

Arteta's creativity wis a essential pairt o Everton's attackin play the follaein saison, an he haed scored sax goals bi the end o Januar.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta Mikel Arteta / Everton Squad, Everton Players / evertonfc.com – The Official Website of Everton Football Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |date=2009-10-16 }}. Evertonfc.com (28 March 1982). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; That impruivit further a saison later, scorin nine times in the 2006–07 saison an ance again endin the saison as the Player of the Year. He helpit Everton secur a place in the [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] an wis rankit bi the ACTIM Index as the saxt best player in the Premiership but it did no earn him a caw-up intae the full Spain squad.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt; Durin the simmer o 2007, he signed a new five-year contract.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt;

Arteta addit anither accolade tae his growin collection during the 2007–08 season, when he pickit up North West Footballer of the Year awaird. He then became the first Everton player in five years tae receive the [[Liverpool Echo]]'s Sports Personality of the Year awaird in Januar 2008.

Arteta suffered a painch injury in the seicont hauf o the saison, an shortly afore the final gemme of the campaign, he underwent surgery tae rectify the problem.&lt;ref name=&quot;evertonfc.com&quot; /&gt; He scored his first goal o the 2008–09 season in the [[Premier League]] opener versus [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] wi a free kick. He wis named [[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]] for a 2–2 draw wi [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]], scorin a penalty in the gemme. In Februar, Arteta wis carriet aff on a [[stretcher]] in a 0–0 draw wi [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle]] haein injured a [[ligament]] in his knee, days efter his first inclusion in the Spainyie naitional team squad. The injury kept him oot for the rest o the 2008–09 saison an the first five month o 2009–10. Ower the course o the saison, Arteta began tae play again in the centre o the field, uisually bein pairtnered wi a defensive midfielder, giein him the freedom tae dictate the tempo o the gemme an connectin wi Pienaar an Osman on the wing.

Arteta made his return frae injury in Januar 2010 as a substitute in an [[FA Cup]] tee against [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]], afore stairtin in a 2–1 hame Premier League win against [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]. His first twa goals o the saison wur scored in a 5–1 win ower [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] in Mairch 2010. In August that year he signed a five-year contract extension wi Everton.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/08/13/arteta-contract-photo-exclusive |publisher=Everton F.C. |title=Arteta Contract Photo Exclusive |date=13 August 2010 |access-date=13 August 2010 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134129/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2010/08/13/arteta-contract-photo-exclusive |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The 2010/11 saison pruivit tae be no sae successfu as expectit for baith the team an the player. Efter early goals in the saison, against Manchester United (in a thriller 3-3 comeback in Goodison Park) an in the Merseyside Derby 2-0 victory, Arteta suffered a loss o shape that wad be crucial in Everton push for a European spot. He begun tae shaw again glimpses o creative pouer in the feenal pairt o the saison, when he wis played again on the wing, enjoyin mair freedom an space.

Upon depairtin Everton, Arteta said &quot;I am 29 years old so I haven’t got much time left to take a chance like this one. I have done my best for Everton.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14744368.stm |title=Arteta defends move to Arsenal |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 September 2011 |access-date=1 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A few weeks later he revealed tae the [[Liverpool Echo]] that the spirit in Everton's dressin room is the 'best in football'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/everton-fc/everton-fc-news/2011/10/07/mikel-arteta-spirit-in-everton-fc-s-dressing-room-is-the-best-in-football-100252-29554361/ |title=Arteta believes Everton team spirit is the best in football |publisher=[[Liverpool Echo]] |date=7 October 2011 |access-date=1 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Arsenal ===

==== 2011–12 saison ====
[[File:Mikel Arteta Arsenal Borussia Dortmund.jpg|thumb|Arteta an Arsenal against [[Borussia Dortmund]] in the [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]].]]
Arteta signed wi [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] on 31 August 2011 on a fower-year deal for a reportit fee of £10 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Arteta joins Arsenal on a four-year deal |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-joins-arsenal-on-a-four-year-deal |work=Arsenal.com |date=31 August 2011 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2012-03-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66BqLAOAE?url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-joins-arsenal-on-a-four-year-deal |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta wis gien the nummer 8 jersey, which wis last worn bi [[Samir Nasri]], that haed left the club for [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] juist ower a week earlier. He made his debut on 10 September in a 1–0 hame win against [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]].&lt;ref&gt;McNulty, Phil. (10 September 2011) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/14772989 BBC Sport – Arsenal 1–0 Swansea]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta scored his first [[Premier League]] goal for Arsenal in a 4–3 loss agin [[Blackburn Rovers]] at [[Ewood Park]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/3820401/Blackburn-4-Arsenal-3.html |location=London |work=The Sun |first=Rob |last=Beasley |title=Blackburn 4 Arsenal 3}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his seicont goal for the club in a 3–0 hame win agin [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] as he began tae comfortably settle intae his playmakkin role at Arsenal.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/282224/Arsenal-3-West-Brom-0-Arteta-is-feeling-at-home Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | Football]. Express.co.uk (7 November 2011). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; He opened the scorin wi a 25-yard &quot;swervin lang range shot&quot; in a 4–0 awa win agin [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] at the [[DW Stadium]] an aw.&lt;ref&gt;Sinnott, John. (3 December 2011) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/15901915 BBC Sport – Wigan 0–4 Arsenal]. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta wis able tae hae his first chance tae caiptain the Gunners in the third roond FA Cup victory ower Leeds United, maistly notably remembered for the seicont debut o [[Thierry Henry]]. His fowert Premier League goal o the saison came on 4 Februar as Arsenal thrashed Blackburn 7–1 at the [[Emirates Stadium|Emirates]], scorin frae the edge o the aurie as a clearance frae a corner reached him.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16779019 &quot;Arsenal 7–1 Blackburn&quot;] BBC Sport.4 February 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 Februar, Arsenal fand thairsels 2–0 doun in the [[North Lunnon derby]] against [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Spurs]], an Arteta providit a assist for [[Bacary Sagna]] tae reduce the deficit tae 2–1. Arsenal wan the spiel 5–2. He then scored a brilliant 35-yard free-kick on 24 Mairch in a 3–0 win ower [[Aston Villa]], helpin his team go a further three pynts aheid o [[:en:North London derby|North Lunnon rivals]] [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Spurs]] in the race tae secure [[2012-13 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] fitbaw.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/310552/Arsenal-3-Aston-Villa-0-Arsene-Wenger-has-new-spring-to-his-step Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | Football]. Express.co.uk (26 March 2012). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Apryle, he scored the winnin goal frae 25 yards oot in a 1–0 win against Manchester City at the Emirates, playin, what seemit at the time, a crucial role in the title race as the defeat for City left thaim aicht pynts ahint rivals Manchester United.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17576401 &quot;Arsenal 1–0 Manchester City&quot;] BBC Sport. 8 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta suffered a ankle sprain in his side's 2–1 loss tae Wigan Athletic on 16 Apryle efter less nor ten minutes, that sidelined him for the remainder o the saison.&lt;ref&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1051233/arsenal-midfielder-mikel-arteta-ruled-out-of-run-in?cc=5901 Arsenal midfielder Mikel Arteta ruled out of run-in – ESPN Soccernet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423144827/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1051233/arsenal-midfielder-mikel-arteta-ruled-out-of-run-in?cc=5901 |date=2012-04-23 }}. Soccernet.espn.go.com (20 April 2012). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt; This, housomeivver, didna detract frae his excellent first saison at Arsenal; as a result he wis votit bi the fans as the fift maist important player o the 2011–12 campaign in Arsenal's Player of the Season poll.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/player-of-the-season-in-fifth-place-is |first=Rob |last=Kelly |title=Player of the Season – in fifth place is... |publisher=Arsenal.com |date=28 May 2012 |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705024401/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/player-of-the-season-in-fifth-place-is |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2012–13 saison ====
[[File:Mikel Arteta (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|150px|Arteta in 2012]]
On 17 August, Arteta wis annooncit as the new vice caiptain o the club efter the depairtur o umwhile caiptain [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/vermaelen-confirmed-as-new-arsenal-captain |title=Vermaelen confirmed as new Arsenal captain |date=17 August 2012 |access-date=2012-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein the depairtur o [[Alex Song]], Arteta haed muivit ontae a deeper role an haes adaptit well tae it. On 27 October 2012, he scored his first goal o the saison wi a close range tap in against [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] tae win the gemme 1–0.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/sat-1pmwenger-arteta-plays-intelligent-role |title=Wenger – arsenal plays an intelligent role |publisher=Arsenal.com |date=15 September 2012 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2013-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224163621/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/sat-1pmwenger-arteta-plays-intelligent-role |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 November 2012, Arteta missed a chance tae win a gemme against Fulham, as his penalty at the daith wis savit bi [[Mark Schwarzer]]. The gemme feenished 3–3.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=John |last=Stanton |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20190108 |title=Arsenal 3-3 Fulham |publisher=BBC Sport |date=10 November 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Dizember 2012, Arteta scored twa penalties tae secure Arsenal's 2–0 hame victory ower West Bromwich Albion an wis namit Man of the Match.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Mandeep |last=Sanghera |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20564961 |title=Arsenal 2-0 West Brom |publisher=BBC Sport |date=8 December 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 Dizember 2012, Arteta scored a seicont hauf penalty at Wigan Athletic tae gain three pynts for Arsenal. On 13 Januar 2013, the day o the  Premier League match wi Manchester City, Arsenal reportit that Arteta wad be oot for three weeks due tae a ankle problem he receivit in trainin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21006473 |title=Arsenal's Mikel Arteta ruled out for three weeks |date=14 January 2013 |access-date=2013-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 Mairch, Arteta scored frae the spot efter [[Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain]] winnin a penalty. Arsenal went tae beat Reading 4–1. On 13 Apryle, Arteta scored the equaliser frae the penalty spot as Arsenal came frae ahint tae beat [[Norwich City F.C.|Norwich City]] 3–1 at hame. On 4 Mey, Arteta got his fowert assist o the [[:en:2012–13 in English fitbaw|2012–13 saison]], bi passin the baw tae [[Theo Walcott]], who slottit hame in the first minute against Queens Park Rangers. He wis votit bi the fans as the fowert best player o the 2012–13 campaign in Arsenal's Player of the Season poll, efter leadin the team tae thair 17t consecutive tap fower feenish.

==== 2013–14 saison ====
Arteta missed Arsenal's first fower gemmes o the [[Premier League]] campaign due tae injury, but returned tae the squad afore thair gemme against [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/430915/Mikel-Arteta-back-as-Arsene-Wenger-hails-Aaron-Ramsey-ahead-of-Stoke-clash&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 October 2013, he scored his first goal o the saison in a 2–0 awa win ower [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] frae the [[Penalty kick|penalty spot]]. Housomeivver, he wis [[Ejection (sports)|sent aff]] later in the same match bi referee [[Chris Foy (referee)|Chris Foy]] for a foul on [[Marouane Chamakh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/crystal-palace-0-arsenal-2-match-report-gunners-made-to-work-by-rejuvenated-eagles-8906080.html |title=Crystal Palace 0 Arsenal 2 match report: Gunners made to work by rejuvenated Eagles |date=27 October 2013 |work=The Independent |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2014-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101070518/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/crystal-palace-0-arsenal-2-match-report-gunners-made-to-work-by-rejuvenated-eagles-8906080.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta receivit his seicont reid caird o the saison in Arsenal's 2–0 defeat tae [[S.S.C. Napoli|Napoli]] in a [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] group stage match in Dizember 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/25303686 |title=Napoli 2-0 Arsenal |date=11 December 2013 |access-date=8 March 2014 |work=BBC |last=Magowan |first=Alistair}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 Mairch 2014, Arteta scored a penalty against [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] in the [[2013–14 FA Cup|FA Cup]] quairter-feenal, helpin Arsenal tae a 4–1 win.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26395193 |title=Arsenal 4-1 Everton |date=8 March 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 12 Apryle 2014, Arteta scored ane o the penalties in the FA Cup semi-feenal shuitoot against [[Wigan Athletic F.C.|Wigan Athletic]] tae send Arsenal tae the feenal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/26897266 |title=Arsenal 1-1 Wigan |date=12 April 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 17 Mey 2014, Arteta receivit his first major honours wi Arsenal, caiptainin the team as thay beat [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] 3–2 at [[Wembley Stadium]] in the [[2014 FA Cup Feenal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/27354148 |title=Arsenal 3-2 Hull |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2014–15 saison ====
In August 2014, Arteta wis annooncit as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal's]] new club caiptain. He describit the appointment as &quot;a big honour an a privilege, wi a big responsibility&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/20140810/wenger-on-winning-and-attacking-options |publisher=Arsenal |date=10 August 2014 |title=Wenger on winning and attacking options |access-date=9 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;l24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Arteta looks to build on Community Shield win and reflects on captaincy |url=http://www.london24.com/sport/football/clubs/arsenal/arteta_looks_to_build_on_community_shield_win_and_reflects_on_captaincy_1_3721077 |publisher=London 24 |access-date=9 July 2015 |date=11 August 2014 |archive-date=2015-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710151655/http://www.london24.com/sport/football/clubs/arsenal/arteta_looks_to_build_on_community_shield_win_and_reflects_on_captaincy_1_3721077 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 10 August, he wan his first trophy as full-time caiptain, playin the full 90 minutes as Arsenal beat Manchester City 3–0 in the [[2014 FA Community Shield]].&lt;ref name=&quot;l24&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/28647186 |title=Arsenal 3–0 Man City |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; He scored his first goal of the season, a penalty, in a 3–3 Champions League draw wi [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] on 4 November 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29362849 |title=Arsenal 3–3 Anderlecht |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=2014-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2015–16 saison ====
On 8 Julie 2015, manager Arsène Wenger revealed that Arteta haed signed a ane-year extension wi Arsenal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/20150708/wenger-arteta-has-signed-new-deal |title=Wenger – Arteta has signed new deal |date=8 July 2015 |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arteta came on as a substitute as Arsenal beat [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] 1–0 tae win the [[2015 FA Community Shield]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33667216 |title=Arsenal 1–0 Chelsea |date=2 August 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; This wis his first competitive appearance for the club syne November 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034&amp;season_id=144 |title=Games played by Mikel Arteta in 2014/2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |publisher=soccerbase.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Internaitional career ==

Mikel Arteta is eligible for the [[Spain naitional fitbaw team|Spainyie]] naitional fitbaw team. Arteta haes played for Spain at Unner 16, Unner 17, Unner 18 an Under 21 levels but haes no played for the senior internaitional team. He representit Spain in the U16 European Championships, UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup, FIFA U17 Warld Cup an caiptained Spain in the U21 European Championships qualifyin campaign.

In August 2010, several Breetish news organisations erroneously reportit that Arteta wad be eligible tae play for the [[Ingland naitional fitbaw team]] due tae his eligibility for a Breetish passport. The player isnae eligible for Ingland acause FIFA Statutes stipulate that the player needs tae hae held a Breetish passport at the time when he representit Spain at the U16 European Championships an in addeetion he wad hae required five years o eddication in Breetain afore turnin 18.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/scotland/8955046.stm |work=BBC News |title=Arteta pick not possible – Levein |date=30 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7975748/Fabio-Capello-embarrassed-as-Fifa-rule-confirms-Mikel-Artetas-ineligibility-to-play-for-England.html |work=Daily Telegraph |title=Fabio Capello embarrassed as Fifa rule confirms Mikel Arteta's ineligibility to play for England |date=1 September 2010 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In November 2011, Arteta reiteratit his desire tae ane day represent his kintra at internaitional level. &quot;It’s one of my targets and I won’t stop going for it because I really want to represent my country&quot;. He went on tae praise the current Spainyie midfield as &quot;the best midfield the world has ever seen&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-spain-s-midfield-is-the-best-ever |work=Arsenal.com |title=Arteta – Spain’s midfield is the best ever |date=10 November 2011 |access-date=2014-08-26 |archive-date=2011-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219151217/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/arteta-spain-s-midfield-is-the-best-ever |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 10 October 2012, fellae Spaniard an Arsenal team-mate [[Santi Cazorla]] said that it wis 'strange' that Arteta haed niver been caaed up bi Spain despite consistently impressin in the Premier League.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.goal.com/en-my/news/3890/england/2012/10/10/3439366/arteta-spain-snub-strange-says-arsenal-team-mate-cazorla |work=Goal.com |title=Arteta Spain snub 'strange', says Arsenal team-mate Cazorla |date=10 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Style o play ==
[[File:Mikel Arteta corner kick Arsenal vs Swansea.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Arteta takkin a corner kick for Arsenal.]]

Whiles initially thocht o as a &quot;pivot&quot; or defensive midfielder in the moud o his hero [[Pep Guardiola]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/sport/football.html?in_article_id=476065&amp;in_page_id=1779 |location=London |work=Daily Mail |title=Arteta: Artist of Goodison |date=17 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is anerly sin bein shiftit tae a mair attackin role, first bi Luis Fernandez in PSG,&lt;ref name=parisien /&gt; then bi David Moyes in Everton, that Arteta's career haes truly begun tae flourish. Awtho he achievit moderate success frae central midfield wi PSG an Rangers, his muive tae a mair attackin role saw him ratit as the saxt maist effective player in the [[Premier League]] in 2006-07 bi the offeecial player ratins seestem the [[Actim Index]].

Wi 100 fouls committit against him in the 2006–07 saison he wis the maist fouled player in the Premier League.&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPNsoccernet: Mikel Arteta&quot;&gt;[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=9840&amp;cc=5739 ESPNsoccernet: Mikel Arteta]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Soccernet.espn.go.com (26 March 1982). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Addeetionally, he haes pruivit an extremely potent creative force thanks mainly tae his pinpoint crossin ability an propensity for the killer pass, wi his tot o 12 league assists in the 2006–07 saison bein third tae [[Cesc Fàbregas]] an [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.premierleague.com/page/Statistics Players] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203132930/http://www.premierleague.com/page/Statistics |date=2010-12-03 }}. Premierleague.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career statistics ==

=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 16 August 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mikel Arteta |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034 |work=Soccerbase |access-date=26 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!-- NOTE: when updating stats, update the infobox too! --&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Club
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Season
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|League
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Cup&lt;sup&gt;[[#1|1]]&lt;/sup&gt;
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Europe
!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Tot
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]]
|[[:en:1999–2000 Segunda División B|1999–2000]]
|26||1||–||colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—||26||1||–
|-
|[[:en:2000–01 Segunda División B|2000–01]]
|16||2||–||colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—||16||2||–
|-
! Tot
!42!!3!!–!!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|—!!42!!3!!–
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
|[[:en:2000–01 French Division 1|2000–01]]
|6||1||0||1||0||0||4||0||0||11||1||0
|-
|[[:en:2001–02 French Division 1|2001–02]]
|25||1||0||7||2||0||10||1||0||42||4||0
|-
!| Tot
!31!!2!!0!!8!!2!!0!!14!!1!!0!!53!!5!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|[[:en:2002-03 Scottish Premier League|2002–03]]
|27||4||0||7||1||0||1||0||0||35||5||0
|-
|[[:en:2003-04 Scottish Premier League|2003–04]]
|23||8||0||4||0||0||6||1||0||33||9||0
|-
!| Tot
!50!!12!!0!!11!!1!!0!!7!!1!!0!!68!!14!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Real Sociedad]]
|[[:en:2004-05 La Liga|2004–05]]
|15||1||0||0||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||15||1||0
|-
!| Tot
!15!!1!!0!!0!!0!!0!!colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—!!15!!1!!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
|[[:en:2004-05 FA Premier League|2004–05]]
|12||1||2||1||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||13||1||2
|-
|[[:en:2005-06 FA Premier League|2005–06]]
|29||1||7||5||1||0||3||1||0||37||3||7
|-
|[[:en:2006-07 FA Premier League|2006–07]]
|35||9||12||4||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||39||9||12
|-
|[[:en:2007-08 Premier League|2007–08]]
|28||1||7||2||0||0||7||3||0||37||4||7
|-
|[[:en:2008-09 Premier League|2008–09]]
|26||6||7||3||1||0||2||0||0||31||7||7
|-
|[[:en:2009-10 Premier League|2009–10]]
|13||6||2||1||0||0||2||0||0||16||6||2
|-
|[[:en:2010-11 Premier League|2010–11]]
|29||3||4||4||0||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||33||3||4
|-
|[[:en:2011-12 Premier League|2011–12]]
|2||1||0||1||1||0||colspan=&quot;3&quot;|—||3||2||0
|-
!| Tot
!174!!28!!41!!21!!3!!0!!14!!4!!0!!209!!35!!41
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
|[[:en:2011-12 Premier League|2011–12]]
|29||6||3||3||0||0||6||0||0||38||6||3
|-
|[[:en:2012-13 Premier League|2012–13]]
|34||6||4||2||0||1||7||0||1||43||6||6
|-
|[[:en:2013-14 Premier League|2013–14]]
|31||2||0||6||1||0||6||0||0||43||3||0
|-
|[[:en:2014-15 Premier League|2014–15]]
|1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
!| Tot
!95!!14!!7!!11!!1!!1!!19!!0!!1!!125!!15!!9
|-
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Career tot
!407!!60!!48!!50!!7!!1!!53!!6!!1!!512!!72!!50
|}

:&lt;div id=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;small&gt; Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]], [[FA Cup]] an [[Football League Cup]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

== Honours ==

=== Club ===
;Paris Saint-Germain
*[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]] (1): [[:en:2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup|2001]]

;Rangers
*[[Scottish Premier League]] (1): [[:en:Scottish Premier League 2002-03|2002–03]]
*[[Scottish Cup]] (1): [[:en:2003 Scottish Cup Final|2002–03]]
*[[Scottish League Cup]] (1): [[:en:2003 Scottish League Cup Final|2002–03]]

;Arsenal
*[[FA Cup]] (1): [[:en:2013–14 FA Cup|2013–14]]
*[[FA Community Shield]] (1): [[:en:2014 FA Community Shield|2014]]

=== Internaitional ===
;Spain
*[[UEFA European Unner-17 Fitbaa Championship|UEFA European Unner-16 Fitbaa Championship]]: [[:en:1999 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship|1999]]
*[[UEFA-CAF Meridian Cup]]: 1999

=== Individual ===
*Scottish Premier League Young Player of the Month (2): September 2002, August 2003
*Everton Player of the Season (2): 2005–06, 2006–07
*Everton Players' Player of the Season (1): 2005–06
*Sky Sports Midfielder of the Year (1): 2006–07
*North West Player of the Year (1): 2006–07

== Personal life ==
Arteta's wife is the umwhile [[Miss Spain]] [[Lorena Bernal]].&lt;ref name=mailarticle /&gt; wi that he haes twa sons, Gabriel an Daniel. He is close friends wi [[Xabi Alonso]], that plays for [[Barcelona F.C.|Barcelona]]. The twa uised tae be neebours at Liverpool's [[Albert Dock]] apartment complex.&lt;ref name=mailarticle&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/sport/football.html?in_article_id=476065&amp;in_page_id=1779 |title=Arteta: Artist of Goodison |access-date=17 August 2007 |location=London |work=Daily Mail |date=17 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arteta is [[multilingual]], speakin fluent Spainyie, [[Basque leid|Basque]], [[Catalan leid|Catalan]] an Inglis. He speaks some French, Italian an [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-s-love-affair.html Arteta's Love Affair with Everton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018084009/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/arteta-s-love-affair.html |date=2007-10-18 }}. Evertonfc.com (15 September 2007). Retrieved on 2012-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Recently, Mikel haes testit positive for [[Coronavirus]] 
&lt;ref&gt;
[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51865442]&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Freemit airtins ==
*[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/mikel-arteta Premier League Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905193706/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/mikel-arteta |date=2014-09-05 }}
*[http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/mikel-arteta Arsenal F.C. Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129122147/http://www.arsenal.com/first-team/players/mikel-arteta |date=2011-11-29 }}
*[http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta Everton F.C. Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016192213/http://www.evertonfc.com/player-profile/mikel-arteta |date=2009-10-16 }}
*[http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24034 Soccerbase Profile]
*[http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/arteta-amatriain-mikel LFP Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608214548/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/arteta-amatriain-mikel |date=2015-06-08 }}
*[http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=175416/ FIFA Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124214807/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=175416/ |date=2015-01-24 }}
*[http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html UEFA Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301153133/http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=48233/profile/index.html |date=2018-03-01 }}
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3174346/ IMDb Profile]

{{Everton F.C. Player of the Year}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arteta, Mikel}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae San Sebastián]]
[[Category:Spaingie fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain youth internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Spain unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]]
[[Category:Basque fitbawers]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]]
[[Category:La Liga players]]
[[Category:Segunda División B players]]
[[Category:Tercera División players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona C players]]
[[Category:FC Barcelona B players]]
[[Category:Real Sociedad fitbawers]]
[[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]]
[[Category:Rangers F.C. players]]
[[Category:Everton F.C. players]]
[[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]
[[Category:Scottish Premier League players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate fitbawers]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Scotland]]
[[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Ingland]]
[[Category:Spaingie expatriates in Scotland]]</text>
      <sha1>8rdht66vups9pb891l3n6bbh7vbxf10</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
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&lt;!-- Embryology --&gt;
| label4 = [[Carnegie stages|Carnegie stage]]&lt;!-- embryology --&gt;
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| label8 = Pairt o&lt;!-- brain --&gt;
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| label14 = Frae&lt;!-- ligament --&gt;
| data14 = {{{From|}}}

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&lt;!-- Destination --&gt;
| label19 = Tae&lt;!-- ligament --&gt;
| data19 = {{{To|}}}

| label20 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{Type|{{{type|}}}}}}}}|
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| data29 = {{{function|}}}

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| data30 = {{{Supplies|}}}

| label31 = Innervates&lt;!-- nerve --&gt;
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| data35 = {{{afferents|}}}

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| data40 = {{#if:{{{Greek|}}}|''{{{Greek}}}''}}


| label41 = Acronym(s)&lt;!-- brain --&gt;
| data41 = {{{acronym|{{{Acronym|}}}}}}

&lt;!-- MeSH --&gt;
| label42 = [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]]
| data42 = {{#if:{{{MeshName|{{{Meshname|{{{MeSHname|}}}}}}}}}|''[//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{{MeshYear|2011}}}/MB_cgi?mode=&amp;term={{{MeshName|{{{Meshname|{{{MeSHname|}}}}}}}}} {{if empty|{{{MeshNumber|}}}|{{{MeshName|{{{Meshname|{{{MeSHname|}}}}}}}}}}}]''}}

| label43 = Code
| data43 = {{{code|{{{Code|}}}}}}

| label44 = [[NeuroNames]]&lt;!-- brain --&gt;
| data44 = {{#if:{{both|{{{BrainInfoType|}}}|{{{BrainInfoNumber|}}}}}|''[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Scripts/{{{BrainInfoType}}}centraldirectory.aspx?ID={{{BrainInfoNumber}}} {{{BrainInfoType}}}-{{{BrainInfoNumber}}}]''}}

| label45 = [[NeuroLex]] ID&lt;!-- brain, neuron --&gt;
| data45 = {{#if: {{{NeuroLexID|}}} | ''[http://www.neurolex.org/wiki/{{{NeuroLexID}}} {{if empty|{{{NeuroLex|}}}|{{{NeuroLexID}}}}}]'' }}

| label46 = [[Elsevier|Dorlands&lt;br/&gt;/Elsevier]]
| data46 = {{#if: {{{Dorlands|}}}
  | ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013131640/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/{{{Dorlands}}}.htm {{if empty|{{{DorlandsSuf|}}}|{{{DorlandsID|}}}|{{{Dorlands}}}}}]''
  | {{#if: {{{DorlandsPre|}}} |''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013131640/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_{{{DorlandsPre}}}zPzhtm#{{{DorlandsSuf}}} {{{DorlandsPre}}}/{{{DorlandsSuf}}}]'' }}&lt;!-- ligament --&gt;
  }}

| label47 = [[Brain Architecture Management System|BAMS]]&lt;!-- brain --&gt;
| data47 = {{#if:{{{BamsSlug|}}}|''[http://brancusi1.usc.edu/brain_parts/{{{BamsSlug}}}/ {{{BamsSlug}}}]'' }}

| label48 = [[Terminologia Anatomica|TA]]
| data48 = {{main other
 |{{#if:{{#property:P1323}} |{{#invoke:Wikidata|getTAValue}}}}
 |{{#if:{{{TA98|{{#property:P1323}}}}}|{{TA98|{{{TA98|{{#property:P1323}}}}}}}}}
 }}

| label49 = [[Terminologia Histologica|TH]]
| data49 = {{#if:{{{TH|{{#property:P1694}}}}} |[https://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/ViewTH/THh{{Str rep|{{Str mid|{{{TH|{{#property:P1694}}}}}|2|4}}|.|}}.html {{{TH|{{#property:P1694}}}}}]}}

| label50 = [[Terminologia Embryologica|TE]]
| data50 = {{#if:{{{TE|{{#property:P1693}}}}} |{{{TE|{{#property:P1693}}}}} }}

| label51 = [[Foundational Model of Anatomy|FMA]]
| data51 = {{#if:{{{FMA|{{#property:P1402}}}}}| {{FMA|{{{FMA|{{#property:P1402}}}}}|noprefix=1}}}}

| belowstyle = 
| below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{Type|{{{type|}}}}}}}}
 | artery = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 | bone = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terms o bane]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | brain = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terms o neuroanatomy]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | embryology = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | ligament = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | lymph = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | muscle = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terms o muscle]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | nerve = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terms o neuroanatomy]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | neuron = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | vein = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
 | #default = &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[Anatomical terminology]]&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
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&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saturday Night Live</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Stephan1000000</username>
        <id>59533</id>
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      <comment>num_seasons          = 47 | num_episodes         =  930</comment>
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      <text bytes="3823" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| show_name            = Saturday Night Live
| image                = SNL40.png
| caption              = 
| show_name_2          = {{plainlist|
*''NBC's Saturday Night'' {{small|(1975–1977)}}
*''Saturday Night Live '80'' {{small|(1980)}}
}}
| genre                = [[Variety show]]
| creator              = [[Lorne Michaels]]
| writer               =  See [[Leet o Saturday Night Live writers|Leet o ''Saturday Night Live'' writers]]
| director             = {{plainlist|
*[[Dave Wilson (director)|Dave Wilson]] {{small|(1975–1986, 1989–1995)}}
{{collapsible list|title=Additional directors:|
*[[Paul Miller (TV director)|Paul Miller]] {{small|(1986–1989)}}
*[[Beth McCarthy-Miller]] {{small|(1995–2006)}}
*[[Don Roy King]] {{small|(2006–present)}}
}}
}}
| starring             = See [[Saturday Night Live cast members|Leet o ''Saturday Night Live'' cast members]]
| narrated             = {{plainlist|
*[[Don Pardo]] {{small|(1975–1981, 1982–2014)}}
*[[Darrell Hammond]] {{small|(2014–present)}}
{{collapsible list|title=Additional narrators:|
*[[Bill Hanrahan]] {{small|(1981)}}
*[[Mel Brandt]] {{small|(1981–1982)}}
}}
}}
| country              = Unitit States
| language             = Inglis
| num_seasons          = 47
| num_episodes         =  930&lt;!--as of May 21, 2022 --&gt;&lt;!-- does not include specials --&gt; ([[Leet o Saturday Night Live episodes|Leet o episodes]])
| executive_producer   = {{plainlist|
*[[Lorne Michaels]] {{small|(1975–80, 1985–present)}}
{{collapsible list|title=Additional producers:|
*[[Jean Doumanian]] {{small|(1980–81)}}
*[[Dick Ebersol]] {{small|(1981–85)}}
}}
}}
| location             = [[NBC Studios (New York Ceety)|NBC Studios]]&lt;br&gt;New York, New York
| runtime              = 93 minutes (with commercials)
| company              = {{plainlist|
*[[Broadway Video]] {{small|(1981–present)}}
{{collapsible list|title=Additional studios:|
*[[NBC]] {{small|(1975–1982)}}
*Dolphin Productions {{small|(1975–82)}}
*NBC Productions {{small|(1982–96)}}
*NBC Studios {{small|(1996–99)}}
*[[SNL Studios]] {{small|(1999–present)}}}}
}}
| channel              = [[NBC]]
| picture_format       = [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[SDTV]]) &lt;small&gt;(1975–2005)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt; [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]]) &lt;small&gt;(2005–present)&lt;/small&gt;
| first_aired          = October 11, 1975
| last_aired           = present
| related              =  ''[[TV Funhouse]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[Saturday Night Live Weekend Update Thursday]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[SNL Vintage]]''
| website              = http://www.nbc.com/Saturday_Night_Live/
| website_title        = Wabsteid
}}
'''''Saturday Night Live''''' (abbreviatit as '''''SNL''''') is an American late-nicht [[live televeesion]] [[sketch comedy]] an [[variety shaw]] creatit bi [[Lorne Michaels]] an developed bi [[Dick Ebersol]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saturday Night Live}}
[[Category:Saturday Night Live| ]]
[[Category:1975 American televeesion series debuts]]
[[Category:1970s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:1980s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:1990s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:2000s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s American televeesion series]]
[[Category:American sketch comedy televeesion shaws]]
[[Category:American variety televeesion series]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Peabody Awaird winnin televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Live televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Satirical televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin puppetry]]
[[Category:Primetime Emmy Awaird for Ootstaundin Variety Series winners]]
[[Category:Televeesion series bi Universal Television]]
[[Category:Televeesion series bi Broadway Video]]
[[Category:Televeesion shaws set in New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Media franchises]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>María Inés Guerra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91592</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869685</id>
      <parentid>444403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T20:08:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Eduardo Avalos</username>
        <id>24192</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="487" xml:space="preserve">[[File:María Inés 2022.jpg|thumb|María Inés Guerra]]
'''María Inés Guerra Núñez''' (born [[1 Julie]], [[1983]] in [[Guadalajara, Jalisco]]), is a [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[sangster]]. She wis electit o the first saison o ''[[:es:La Academia|La Academia]]''. 

== Singles ==
* ''A través de tu recuerdo'' - (MEX)

{{Commonscat}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guerra, María Inés}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Mexican female sangsters]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Jalisco]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Case Closed</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>135567</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869693</id>
      <parentid>869601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T03:35:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stephan1000000</username>
        <id>59533</id>
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      <comment>episodes</comment>
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      <text bytes="3185" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced|date=September 2019|name=Unsourced}}
{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Case Closed
| image = [[File:Case Closed Volume 36.png|230px]]
| caption = ''Case Closed'' volume 36 bo [[Viz Media]]
| ja_kanji = 名探偵コナン
| ja_romaji = Meitantei Conan
| genre = [[Detective feection]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type = manga
| author = [[Gosho Aoyama]]
| publisher = [[Shogakukan]]
| publisher_en = {{English manga publishers
 | NA = [[Viz Media]]
 | UK = [[Victor Gollancz Ltd]]
 | SG = [[Shogakukan Asia]]
}}
| demographic = ''[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]''
| magazine = [[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]]
| first = Januar 19, 1994
| last =
| volumes = 101
| volume_list = Leet o Case Closed volumes
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = tv series
| director = [[Kenji Kodama]] &lt;small&gt;(#1-118)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt; [[Yasuichiro Yamamoto]] &lt;small&gt;(#119-332, #667-currently)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt; Masato Satō &lt;small&gt;(#333-504)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;Kōjin Ochi &lt;small&gt;(#505-666)&lt;/small&gt;
| producer = Michihiko Suwa&lt;br /&gt; Masahito Yoshioka
| writer = Jun'ichi Ii'oka &lt;small&gt;(Story Eeditor)&lt;/small&gt;
| music = Katsuo Ono
| studio = [[TMS Entertainment]]
| licensee = {{English anime licensees
 | AUS = Hanabee Entertainment
 | NA = [[Funimation]], [[Crunchyroll]]
}}
| network = [[Nippon Television Network System|NNS]] ([[Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation|ytv]])
| network_en = {{English anime networks
 | CA = [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]]
 | PH = [[Animax Asia]], [[GMA Network]]
 | US = [[Cartoon Network]], [[Funimation Channel]], [[Colours TV]]
 | NA = [[Crunchyroll]]
}}
| first = Januar 8, 1996
| last =
| episodes = 1054+
| episode_list = Leet o Case Closed episodes (saisons 16–current)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title = Related media
| content =
* [[Leet o Case Closed films|''Case Closed'' films]]
* [[Leet o Case Closed OVAs|''Case Closed'' OVAs]]
* ''[[Lupin the 3rd vs. Detective Conan]]''
* [[Case Closed discografie|''Case Closed'' discografie]]
* [[Leet o Case Closed live action drama episodes|''Case Closed'' live action drama]]
* [[Leet o Case Closed video gemmes|''Case Closed'' video gemmes]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
'''''Case Closed''''', kent as {{Nihongo|'''''Detective Conan'''''|名探偵コナン|Meitantei Conan}} forby, is a Japanese [[detective feection|detective]] [[manga]] series written an illustratit bi [[Gosho Aoyama]].

[[Category:Case Closed| ]]
[[Category:1994 manga]]
[[Category:Meestery televeesion series]]
[[Category:1996 anime televeesion series]]
[[Category:2011 Japanese televeesion series debuts]]
[[Category:Comedy-drama anime an manga]]
[[Category:Comic beuk leemitit series]]
[[Category:Detective anime an manga]]
[[Category:Funimation Entertainment]]
[[Category:Anime series based on manga]]
[[Category:Japanese televeesion dramas based on manga]]
[[Category:Manga adaptit intae films]]
[[Category:Programmes acquired bi GMA Network]]
[[Category:Shogakukan manga]]
[[Category:Shōnen manga]]
[[Category:Size chynge in feection]]
[[Category:TMS Entertainment]]
[[Category:Viz Media manga]]
[[Category:Winners o the Shogakukan Manga Awaird for shōnen manga]]
[[Category:Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation shaws]]
{{stub/Japan}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Zimbabwe naitional fitbaw team managers</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>190687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869705</id>
      <parentid>862866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T10:14:03Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>103.60.175.14</ip>
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      <text bytes="1538" xml:space="preserve">{{Football manager history
|name=Zimbabwe naitional fitbaw team managers
|teamname=Zimbabwe naitional fitbaw team
|state   = {{{state|}}}
|bgcolor=#FFD200
|textcolor=black
|bordercolor=#006400
|list =
[[Danny McLennan|McLennan]] 1965 tae 69
[[Bill Asprey|Asprey]] 1975 tae 78
[[Ben Koufie|Koufie]] 1988 tae 92
[[Reinhard Fabisch|Fabisch]] 1992 tae 95
[[Rudi Gutendorf|Gutendorf]] 1995 tae 96
[[Ian Porterfield|Porterfield]] 1996 tae 97
[[Bruce Grobbelaar|Grobbelaar]] 1997
[[Roy Barreto|Barreto]] 1997 tae 98
[[Bruce Grobbelaar|Grobbelaar]] 1998
[[Clemens Westerhof|Westerhof]] 1998 tae 2000
[[Sunday Chidzambwa|Marimo]] 2000 tae 02
[[Wiesław Grabowski|Grabowski]] 2002
[[Sunday Chidzambwa|Marimo]] 2003 tae 04
[[Rahman Gumbo|Gumbo]] 2004
[[Charles Mhlauri|Mhlauri]] 2004 tae 07
[[Sunday Chidzambwa|Chidzambwa]]&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt; 2007
[[Norman Mapeza|Mapeza]]&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt; 2007
[[José Claudinei|Valinhos]] 2008
[[Sunday Chidzambwa|Chidzambwa]] 2008 tae 10
[[Norman Mapeza|Mapeza]] 2010
[[Tom Saintfiet|Saintfiet]] 2010
[[Madinda Ndlovu|Ndlovu]] 2010 tae 11
[[Norman Mapeza|Mapeza]] 2011 tae 12
[[Rahman Gumbo|Gumbo]]&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt; 2012
[[Klaus Dieter Pagels|Pagels]]&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt; 2012 tae 13
[[Ian Gorowa|Gorowa]]&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt; 2013 tae 14
[[Callisto Pasuwa|Pasuwa]] 2015 tae 17
[[Sunday Chidzambwa|Chidzambwa]] 2017
|note = &lt;small&gt;(c) = [[caretaker manager]]&lt;/small&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Naitional fitbaw manager history navigational boxes|Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Zimbabwe fitbaw navigational boxes|National]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Infobox alumeenium</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>229790</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Infobox aluminium" />
    <revision>
      <id>869690</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T00:32:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>CiphriusKane muived page [[Template:Infobox alumeenium]] til [[Template:Infobox aluminium]] ower reguidal</comment>
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      <text bytes="40" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox aluminium]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Babe Ruth</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>229791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869694</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T04:06:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>66.65.130.113</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit page wi &quot;Seòrsa herman &quot;babe&quot; ruth jr. (february 6, 1895 – augist sixteen, 1948) wis an american perfaissional baseball player wha's joab in major division baseball (mlb) spanned 22 seasons, fae 1914 thro' 1935. Nicknamed &quot;the bambino&quot; 'n' &quot;the sultan o' swat&quot;, he began his mlb joab as a brammer left-handed pitcher fur th' boston rid sox, bit achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder fur th' freish york yankees. Ruth is regairded as yin o' th' greatest sports heroes i...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3058" xml:space="preserve">Seòrsa herman &quot;babe&quot; ruth jr. (february 6, 1895 – augist sixteen, 1948) wis an american perfaissional baseball player wha's joab in major division baseball (mlb) spanned 22 seasons, fae 1914 thro' 1935. Nicknamed &quot;the bambino&quot; 'n' &quot;the sultan o' swat&quot;, he began his mlb joab as a brammer left-handed pitcher fur th' boston rid sox, bit achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder fur th' freish york yankees. Ruth is regairded as yin o' th' greatest sports heroes in american culchur 'n' is considered by mony tae be th' greatest baseball player o' a' time. In 1936, ruth wis picked intae th' baseball loaby o' fame as yin o' tis &quot;first five&quot; inaugural members.

At age seven, ruth wis sent tae street. Mary's industrial schuil fur wee jimmies, a reformatory whaur he wis mentored by brother matthias boutlier o' th' xaverian brothers, th' school's disciplinarian 'n' a capable baseball player. In 1914, ruth wis signed tae speil minor-league baseball fur th' baltimore orioles bit wis soon sold tae th' rid sox. By 1916, he hud bult` a wird as an outstanding pitcher wha whiles skelp lang hame runs, a feat unusual fur ony player in th' pre-1920 dead-ball auld days. Althoogh ruth twa times won 23 games in a seezin as a pitcher 'n' wis a member o' three world series championship teams wi' th' rid sox, he wanted tae speil ilka day 'n' wis allowed tae convert tae an outfielder. Wi' regular playing time, he broke th' mlb single-season hame run record in 1919.

After that seezin, rid sox gaffer harry frazee sold ruth tae th' yankees amid controversy. Th' trade fueled boston's subsequent 86-year championship drought 'n' popularized th' &quot;curse o' th' bambino&quot; superstition. In his 15 years wi' th' yankees, ruth helped th' gang win seven american division (al) pennants 'n' four world series championships. His muckle swing led tae escalating hame run totals that nae ainlie drew fans tae th' ballpark 'n' boosted th' sport's popularity bit an' a' helped usher in baseball's live-ball auld days, whilk evolved fae a low-scoring gam o' strategy tae a sport whaur th' hame run wis a major factor. As pairt o' th' yankees' vaunted &quot;murderers' row&quot; lineup o' 1927, ruth skelp 60 hame runs, whilk extended his mlb single-season record by a single hame run. Ruth's lest seezin wi' th' yankees wis 1934; he retired fae th' gam th' follaein year, efter a short stint wi' th' boston braves. Throo'oot his joab, ruth led th' al in hame runs while a seezin 12 times.

During ruth's joab, he wis th' target o' intense press 'n' public attention fur his baseball exploits 'n' off-field penchants fur swallyin 'n' womanizing. Efter his retirement as a player, he wis denied th' opportunity tae guide a major division dancin, maist likely due tae brassic behavior while bits o' his playing joab. In his final years, ruth made mony public whit they look like, especially in support o' american efforts in world war ii. In 1946, he became peely-wally wi' nasopharyngeal cancer 'n' died fae th' disease twa years efter. Ruth remains a pairt o' american culchur.</text>
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