Wikipedia:Mercat Cross

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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' {{int:please-translate}}.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]].

{{TOC limit|2}}

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Join an online meeting with the team working on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]! It will take place on '''26 July 2022 at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220726T1200 12:00 UTC] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220726T1900 19:00 UTC]''' on Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/5304280674 Click here to join]'''. Meeting ID: 5304280674. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kc2hamfYz9 Dial by your location].

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== Dialect Templates? ==

Suhin a fun whan grabbin stuff fae Inglis airticles fur tae pit ower fur the Scots Wiki, is thit a lot o Inglis airticles hiv a template sic as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Use British English}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (Sic as in [[:en:London]]) an &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Use Australian English}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (Sic as in [[:en:Canberra]]).

Am hinkin hivin suhin like this fur the Scots Wiki wad be really beneficial, cause we aye see debates on whit byleid sud be uised an whit wirds ur valid an whit urnae. A hink hivin these templates fur airticles aboot places an events whaur uisin wan dialect ower anither wad be appropriate.

Fur exemple, [[Lerook]] coud hae &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uise Shetland Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, or [[Rab C. Nesbitt]] coud hae &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Uise Glesga Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.

Whit dae yese hink?

-[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 13:17, 26 Julie 2022 (UTC)
: {{en}} would strongly support this!  Dialectical diversity is one of Scots' strengths, would be great if we could support it here.  [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 14:38, 26 Julie 2022 (UTC)

::A thocht this wis the Scots Language Wikipedie? Is Scots no a language in its ain richt onymair? Writing dialect based on the soond-tae-letter-correspondences o Staundart English isna hou languages in thair ain richt wirks. Writin like that wad juist mak it a 'Scottish' dialects o English Wikipedie. Whit if the body that's an expert on Sheltland geology isna fae shetland? Maun he write phonetic Shetland dialect e'en whan he disna ken hou? Whit's wrang wi the [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|'traditional' pan-dialect spellins]] that's gien a mention in [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Writin Scots]]? [[Uiser:Jimmy~scowiki|Jimmy~scowiki]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jimmy~scowiki|tauk]]) 17:16, 31 Julie 2022 (UTC)

== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

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'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
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Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

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The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

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    <title>Salvador, Bahia</title>
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      <comment>Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20220824)) #IABot (v2.0.9) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="10683" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Salvador
|settlement_type        = Municipality
|official_name          = &lt;small&gt;''O Municipio do''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;The Municipality of &lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Saunt Savior o the Bay o aw Saunts
|nickname               = ''Capital da Alegria'' (Caipital o happiness), ''Roma Negra'' (Black Roum) an ''Bahia Judia'' (Jewish Bay).
|motto                  = ''Sic illa ad arcam reversa est'' (An thus the dove returned tae the [[Noah's Ark|ark]])
|image_skyline          =
|image_caption          = Top left: Pelourinho historic aurie, Top richt: Lacerda Elevator, Modelo Mercat an Ladeira da Pregaica watter-front aurie, Middle: Sicht o Victoria aurie, Bottom left: Lacerdaforte aurie, Bottom richt: Barra Lichthoose
|image_flag             = Bandeira de Salvador.svg
|image_seal             =
|image_map              = Bahia Municip Salvador.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location o Salvador in the [[Bahia|State o Bahia]]
|pushpin_map=Brazil
|pushpin_map_size=250
| pushpin_label_position  = left
|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Brazil
|coordinates            = {{coord|12|58|29|S|38|28|36|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[States o Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_name1      = [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Image:Bandeira da Bahia.svg|border|22px]] [[Bahia]]
|leader_title           = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name            = João Henrique Carneiro ([[PMDB]])
|leader_title1          =
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 29 Mairch 1549
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      =
|established_title3     =
|established_date3      =
|area_magnitude         = 1 E8
|area_total_km2         = 706
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|area_metro_km2         =
|area_metro_sq_mi       =
|population_as_of       = 2010
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 2,676,606 ([[Leet of lairgest ceeties in Brazil|3rd]])
|population_density_km2 = 10176.6
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro       = 3,574,804 ([[Leet of lairgest ceeties in Brazil|7t]])&lt;ref&gt;http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/populacao_por_municipio.shtm&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_footnotes   =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
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|timezone               = [[UTC-3]]
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|elevation_m            = 8
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|area_code              = +55 71
|postal_code_type       = Postal Code
|postal_code            = 40000-000
|blank_name             =
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|website                = [http://www.salvador.ba.gov.br/ Salvador, Bahia]
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}}

'''Salvador''' ({{IPA-pt|sawvaˈdoʁ}}, ''Saviour''; historic name: '''São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos''', in Scots: &quot;Ceety o the Holy Saviour o the Bay o aw Saunts&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Brickell|first=Margaret|date=July 1991|title=If You Only Have a Day in Salvador da Bahia|journal=Cruise Travel|volume=13|issue=1|pages=25–26|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ey0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA25&amp;dq=sao+salvador+holy+savior+bahia&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=LF26TamNG9OE0QHS7tTIBQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CEsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=sao%20salvador%20holy%20savior%20bahia&amp;f=false|accessdate=29 April 2011|archive-date=2014-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703032102/http://books.google.com.au/books?id=ey0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA25&amp;dq=sao+salvador+holy+savior+bahia&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=LF26TamNG9OE0QHS7tTIBQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CEsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=sao%20salvador%20holy%20savior%20bahia&amp;f=false|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Graham|first=Sandra Lauderdale|title=Caetana says no: women's stories from a Brazilian slave society|url=https://archive.org/details/caetanasaysnowom0000laud|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=2002|pages=[https://archive.org/details/caetanasaysnowom0000laud/page/3 3]|isbn=0-521-89353-4|accessdate=29 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is the lairgest ceety on the northeast coast o [[Brazil]] an the caipital o the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeastern]]  [[States o Brazil|Brazilian state]] o [[Bahia]]. Salvador is ent as ''Brazil's caipital o happiness'' due tae its easygoin population an coontless popular ootdoor pairties an aw, includin its street carnival.

The first colonial caipital o [[Brazil]], the ceety is ane o the auldest in the Americas. For a lang time, it wis simply kent as '''Bahia''', an appears unner that name (or as ''Salvador da Bahia'', ''Salvador o Bahia'' sae as tae differentiate it frae ither Brazilian ceeties o the same name) on mony maps an beuks frae afore the mid-20t century. Salvador is the third maist populous Brazilian ceety, efter [[São Paulo]] an [[Rio de Janeiro]]. The [[metropolitan aurie]] o the ceety, wi 3.5 million o fowk, housomeibver, is the [[Demographics o Brazil|seivent maist populous Brazilian urban agglomeration]], efter the urban auries o [[Greater Sao Paulo|Sao Paulo]], [[Greater Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Greater Porto Alegre|Porto Alegre]], [[Recife metropolitan aurie|Recife]] an [[Fortaleza]], an the third in Brazilian Northeast Region.

==Sister ceeties==
Salvador's [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]] are:&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.secri.salvador.ba.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=40&amp;Itemid=47 |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |publisher=Salvador, Bahia |accessdate=2008-08-17 |archive-date=2009-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715191940/http://www.secri.salvador.ba.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=40&amp;Itemid=47 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:left;font-size:100%;&quot;|
|-
! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;&quot;| Kintra
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:140px;&quot;| Ceety
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:150px;&quot;| State / Region
! ! style=&quot;background:#3399EE; color:white; width:40px;&quot;| Syne
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Unitit States]]
|! !| [[File:Seal of Los Angeles.svg|25px]] [[Los Angeles]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of California.svg|25px]] [[Californie]]
|! !| 1962&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]
|! !| [[File:LSB.png|25px]] [[Lisbon]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px]] [[Lisboa Region]]
|! !| 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]
|! !| [[File:AGH.png|25px|]] [[Angra do Heroísmo]] 
|! !| [[File:Flag of the Azores.svg|25px]] [[Azores]]
|! !| 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]]
|! !| [[File:CSC.png|25px|]] [[Cascais]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px|]] [[Lisboa Region]]
|! !| 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Benin}} [[Benin]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|25px|]] [[Cotonou]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|25px|]] [[Littoral Depairtment]]
|! !| 1987&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]
|! !| [[File:Escudo de Pontevedra.svg|25px|]] [[Pontevedra]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Galicia.svg|25px|]] [[Galicie (Spain)|Galicie]]
|! !| 1992&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuba]]
|! !| [[File:Escudo de la Habana.svg|25px|]] [[Havana]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|25px|]] [[Havana|La Havana]]
|! !| 1993&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]
|! !| [[Sciacca]]
|! !| [[File:Sicilian Flag.svg|25px|]] [[Sicily]]
|! !| 2001&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon| China}} [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]]
|! !| [[File:哈尔滨市徽.jpg|25px|]] [[Harbin]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of China.svg|25px|]] [[Heilongjiang]]
|! !| 2003&lt;ref name=&quot;sister&quot; /&gt;
|- style=&quot;color:black; background:white;&quot;
|! !| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Unitit States]]
|! !| [[File:Escudo de Miami.svg|25px]] [[Miami]]
|! !| [[File:Flag of Florida.svg|25px]] [[Florida]]
|! !| 2006&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.miamihotels.usahotels.4k.com/Sister-cities-miami.phpp Miami and Salvador are Sister Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052205/http://www.miamihotels.usahotels.4k.com/Sister-cities-miami.phpp |date=2012-04-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
*[http://archive.cyark.org/salvador-da-bahia-intro Pelourinho of Salvador, Bahia Digital Media Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118074409/http://archive.cyark.org/salvador-da-bahia-intro |date=2011-11-18 }} ([[creative commons]]-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data frae a [[Federal University of Bahia]]/[[University of Ferrara]]/[[Leica Geosystems]]/[[CyArk]] research partnership
* {{pt icon}} [http://www.salvador.ba.gov.br Ceety wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605131539/http://www.salvador.ba.gov.br/ |date=2014-06-05 }}
* [http://www.salvadorbahiaguide.com Salvador Bahia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422095212/http://www.salvadorbahiaguide.com/ |date=2012-04-22 }}

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[[Category:Salvador, Bahia| ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Warld War II</title>
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'''Warld War II''', or the '''Seicont Warld War''' (aften abbreviatit as '''WWII''' or WW2), wis a global war that stertit in 1939 an endit in 1945. It inrowed [[Warld War II bi country|the wappin forces o the warld's naitions]]—includin aw o the [[great pouer]]s—at the hinner en formin twa opponin [[military alliance]]s: the [[Feres o Warld War II|Feres]] an the [[Axis pouers|Axis]]. It wis the braidest  [[war]] in history, an directly inrowed mair nor 100 million fowk frae ower 30 kintras. In a state o &quot;[[tot war]]&quot;, the major participants funged thair hail economic, industrial, an scienteefic cawpabilities ahint the [[war brash]], erasin the distinction atween [[ceevilian]] an [[militar]] resoorces. Merkit bi mass daiths o ceevilians, includin the [[Holocaust]] (in whilk thareaboot 11 million fowk wis killt)&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Fitzgerald|2011|p=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Hedgepeth|Saidel|2010|p=16}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the [[strategic bombin during Warld War II|strategic bombin o industrial an population centres]] (in whilk thareaboot ane million fowk wis killt, includin the [[Atomic bombins o Hiroshima an Nagasaki|uise o twa nuclear wappens in combat]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=War, Violence, and Population: Making the Body Count |url=https://archive.org/details/warviolencepopul00tyne |author=James A. Tyner |page=[https://archive.org/details/warviolencepopul00tyne/page/n63 49] |date=March 3, 2009 |publisher=The Guilford Press; 1 edition |isbn=1-6062-3038-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; it resultit in an estimate [[Warld War II casualties|50 million tae 85 million fatalities]]. Thir made Warld War&amp;nbsp;II the [[Leet o wars an disasters by death toll|deidliest pingle]] in [[History o the warld|human history]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Sommerville 2008 5&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Sommerville|2011|p=5}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

The [[Empire o Japan]] ettilt tae dominate [[Asie]] an the [[Paceefic]] an wis awready [[Seicont Sino-Japanese War|at war]] wi the [[Republic o Cheenae (1912–1949)|Republic o Cheenae]] in 1937,&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar&amp;Shyu 2001 6&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Barrett|Shyu|2001|p=6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; but the warld war is generally said tae hae began on 1 September 1939&lt;ref&gt;Axelrod, Alan (2007) ''Encyclopedia of World War II, Volume 1''. Infobase Publishing. pp. 659.&lt;/ref&gt; wi the [[invasion o Poland|invasion]] o [[Seicont Pols Republic|Poland]] bi [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] an subsequent declarations o war on Germany bi [[French Third Republic|Fraunce]] an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. Frae late 1939 tae early 1941, in a series o campaigns an [[Tripartite Pact|treaties]], Germany vinkisht or maunt the feck o continental Europe, an formed the Axis alliance wi [[Kinrick o Italy|Italy]] an [[Empire o Japan|Japan]]. Follaein the [[Treaty o Non-Aggression atween Germany an the Soviet Union|Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], Germany an the Soviet Union pairteetioned an annexed territories o thair European neighbours, [[Soviet invasion o Poland|Poland]], [[Winter War|Finland]], [[Soviet occupation o Bessarabia an Northren Bukovina|Romanie]] an the [[Occupation o the Baltic states|Baltic states]]. The Unitit Kinrick an the [[Commonweel o Naitions|Breetish Commonweel]] wis the anerly Allied forces continuin the fecht agin the European Axis pouers, wi campaigns in [[Wastren Desert Campaign|North Africae]] an the [[East African Campaign (Warld War II)|Horn o Africae]] as weel as the lang-rinnin [[Battle o the Atlantic]]. In Juin 1941, the European Axis pouers lencht [[Operation Barbarossa|an invasion o the Soviet Union]], appenin the [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)|lairgest laund war theatre in history]], whilk trappit the feck o the Axis' militar forces intae a [[Attrition warfare|attrition war]]. In December 1941, Japan [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|attackit the Unitit States]] an [[Japanese invasion o Malaya|European territories]] in the Paceefic Ocean, an swith vinkisht a fait feck o the Wastren Paceefic.

The Axis forderin hautit in 1942 whan Japan lost the creetical [[Battle o Midway]], near [[Hawaii]], an Germany wis defait in the [[Seicont Battle o El Alamein|North Africae]] an syne, decisively, at [[Battle o Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] in the Soviet Union. In 1943, wi a series o German defaits on the [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)|Eastren Front]], the [[Allied invasion o Sicily|Allied invasion]] o Italy whilk rase Italian renooncement, an Allied owerhauns in the Paceefic, the Axis lost the initiative an taen legbail on haun on aw fronts. In 1944, the Wastren Allies [[Normandy landings|invadit German-occupied Fraunce]], while the Soviet Union won back aw o its territorial losses an invadit Germany an its feres. Durin 1944 an 1945 the Japanese dreed major reverses in mainland Asie in [[Second Guangxi Campaign|Sooth]] [[Battle o Wast Hunan|Central Cheenae]] an [[Burma Campaign|Burma]], while the Allies lamed the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese Navy]] an fangt key Wastren Paceefic islands.

The war in Europe endit wi an [[Wastren Allied invasion o Germany|invasion o Germany]] bi the Wastren Allies an the Soviet Union culminatin in the [[Battle o Berlin|tak o Berlin]] bi Soviet an Pols truips an the subsequent [[German Instrument o Surrender|German uncondeetional surrender]] on [[Victory in Europe Day|8 Mey 1945]]. Follaein the [[Potsdam Declaration]] bi the Allies on the 26t Julie 1945 an Japan's refuise o tae renoonce unner its terms, the Unitit States [[Atomic bombins o Hiroshima an Nagasaki|drappit atomic bombs]] on the Japanese ceeties o [[Hiroshima]] an [[Nagasaki]] on the 6t August an the 9t August respectively. Wi an [[Operation Downfall|invasion o the Japanese airchipelago]] imminent, the possibility o addeetional atomic bombins, an the [[Soviet-Japanese War (1945)|Soviet Union's declaration o war on Japan]] an [[Soviet invasion o Manchuria|invasion o Manchuria]], [[Surrender o Japan|Japan renoonced]] on the 15t August 1945. Sicweys endit the war in Asie, souderin the Allies' tot victory.

Warld War&amp;nbsp;II chynged the warld's poleetical alignment an social structur. The [[Unitit Naitions]] (UN) wis estaiblisht fur tae forder internaitional comploutherin an fur tae prevene futur conflicks. The gree-bearin [[great pouer]]s—the Unitit States, the Soviet Union, Cheenae, the Unitit Kinrick, an Fraunce—became the [[Permanent members o the Unitit Naitions Security Council|permanent memmers]] o the [[Unitit Naotions Security Cooncil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;The UN Security Council&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=The UN Security Council|url=http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html|accessdate=15 May 2012|archive-date=2012-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620101548/http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/united-nations/the-un-security-council.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Soviet Union an the Unitit States ootcam as rival [[superpouer]]s, settin the stage fur the [[Cauld War]], whilk lastit fur the neist 46 year. Atween haun, the European great pouers' hank waned, while the [[decolonisation o Asie]] an [[decolonisation o Africae|Africae]] began. Maist kintras whase industries haed been damaged muived taewart [[post-Warld War II economic expansion|economic betterness]]. Poleetical integration, inspecially [[European integration|in Europe]], wis a war ootcome, as pairt o a ettle at endin afore-war laith an creautin a common identity.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=From War to Peace: A European Tale|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2012/eu-lecture_en.html|publisher=Nobel Lecture by the European Union|accessdate=4 January 2014|author=Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council|author2=José Manuel Durão Barroso, President of the European Commission|date=10 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Backgrund==
=== Europe ===
[[Warld War I]] haed radically altert the [[Geopolitics|poleetical]] European map, wi the defeat o the [[Central Powers]]—includin [[Austrick-Hungary]], [[German Empire|Germany]], [[Kinrick o Bulgarie|Bulgarie]] an the [[Ottoman Empire]]—an the 1917 [[October Revolution|Bolshevik seizur o pouer]] in [[Roushie Republic|Roushie]], that hinderly led tae the foondin o the [[Soviet Union]]. Atween haun, the veectorious [[Allies o Warld War I]], sic as Fraunce, Belgium, Italy, Romanie an Greece, gained territory, an new [[naition-states]] wis creatit oot o the collapse o Austrick-Hungary an the Ottoman an [[Roushie Empire]]s. Fur tae prevene a futur warld war, the [[League o Naitions]] wis creatit in the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|1919 Paris Peace Conference]].

Maugre strang [[pacifism|pacifist]] sentiment [[eftermath o Warld War I|efter Warld War I]],{{sfn|Ingram|2006|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bREQibN9i-sC&amp;pg=PA76 76–8]}} its eftermath still caused [[irredentist]] an [[revanchist]] [[naitionalism]] in several European states. Thir sentiments wis especially merkit in Germany acause o the signeeficant territorial, colonial, an financial losses incurred bi the [[Treaty o Versailles]]. Unner the treaty, Germany lost aroond 13 percent o its hame territory an aw o [[German colonial empire|its owerseas possessions]], while German annexation o ither states wis prohibitit, [[Warld War I reparations|reparations]] war imposed, an leemits wis placed on the size an capability o the kintra's [[Reichswehr|airmed forces]].{{sfn|Kantowicz|1999|p=149}}

The German Empire wis dissolved in the [[German Revolution o 1918–1919]], an a democratic govrenment, later kent as the [[Weimar Republic]], wis creautit. The interwar period saw strife atween supporters o the new republic an hardline opponents on baith the [[richt-weeng politics|richt]] an [[left-weeng politics|left]]. Italy, as an Entente ally, haed made some post-war territorial gains; houiver, Italian naitionalists wis angert that the [[Treaty o Lunnon (1915)|promises made]] bi Breetain an Fraunce tae siccar Italian entrance intae the war wisnae fulfilt in the peace dounset. Frae 1922 tae 1925, the [[Italian Fascism|Fascist]] muivement led bi [[Benito Mussolini]] seized pouer in Italy wi a naitionalist, [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian]], an [[cless collaboration]]ist agenda that abolisht representative democracy, repressed socialist, left-weeng an leeberal forces, an pursued an aggressive expansionist foreign policy aimed at makkin Italy a [[warld pouer]], promisin the creaution o a &quot;[[New Roman Empire]]&quot;.{{sfn|Shaw|2000|p=35}}

[[File:Nürnberg Reichsparteitag Hitler retouched.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] at a German [[Naitional Socialist]] poleetical rally in [[Nürnberg]], August 1933]]

[[Adolf Hitler]], efter an [[Beer Hall Putsch|unsuccessfu attempt tae owerthraw the German govrenment]] in 1923, eventually acame the [[Adolf Hitler's rise tae pouer|Chancellor o Germany in 1933]]. He abolisht democracy, espoosin a [[New Order (Nazism)|radical, racially motivatit revision o the warld order]], an suin begoud a massive [[German re-airmament|reairmament campaign]].{{sfn|Brody|1999|p=4}} Meanwhile, Fraunce, tae siccar its alliance, [[Franco-Italian Greement|alloued Italy a free haund in Ethiopie]], that Italy desired as a colonial possession. The situation wis aggravatit in early 1935 whan the [[Saar (League o Naitions)|Territory o the Saar Basin]] wis legally reunitit wi Germany an Hitler repudiatit the Treaty o Versailles, acceleratit his reairmament programme, an introduced [[conscription]].{{sfn|Zalampas|1989|p=62}}

Hitler defee'd the Versailles an [[Locarno treaties]] bi [[Remilitarisation o the Rhineland|remilitarisin]] the [[Rhineland]] in Mairch 1936, [[Appeasement|encoonterin little opposeetion]].{{sfn|Adamthwaite|1992|p=52}} In October 1936, Germany an Italy formed the [[Roum–Berlin Axis]]. A month later, Germany an Japan signed the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]], that Italy wad jyne in the follaein year.

=== Asie ===
The [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) pairty in Cheenae launched a [[Northren Expedition|unification campaign]] against [[Warlaird Era|regional warlairds]] an nominally unifee'd Cheenae in the mid-1920s, but wis suin embrulyie'd in a [[Cheenese Ceevil War|ceevil war]] against its umwhile [[Cheenese Communist Pairty]] allies{{sfn|Preston|1998|p=104}} an [[Central Plains War|new regional warlairds]]. In 1931, an [[Statism in Shōwa Japan|increasinly militareestic]] [[Empire o Japan]], that haed lang soct influence in Cheenae{{sfn|Myers|Peattie|1987|p=458}} as the first step o whit its govrenment saw as the kintra's [[Hakko ichiu|richt tae rule Asie]], uised the [[Mukden Incident]] as a pretext tae [[Japanese invasion o Manchurie|launch an invasion o Manchurie]] an establish the [[puppet state]] o [[Manchukuo]].{{sfn|Smith|Steadman|2004|p=28}}

Ower waik tae resist Japan, Cheenae appealt tae the [[League o Naitions]] fur help. Japan widrew frae the League o Naitions efter bein [[Lytton Report|condemned]] fur its incursion intae Manchurie. The twa naitions syne focht several battles, in [[28 Januar Incident|Shanghai]], [[Battle o Rehe|Rehe]] an [[Defence o the Great Waw|Hebei]], till the [[Tanggu Truce]] wis signed in 1933. Thareefter, Cheenese volunteer forces conteena'd the reseestance tae Japanese aggression in [[Pacification o Manchukuo|Manchurie]], an [[Actions in Inner Mongolie (1933–1936)|Chahar an Suiyuan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Coogan|1993}}: &quot;Although some Chinese troops in the Northeast managed to retreat south, others were trapped by the advancing Japanese Army and were faced with the choice of resistance in defiance of orders, or surrender. A few commanders submitted, receiving high office in the puppet government, but others took up arms against the invader. The forces they commanded were the first of the volunteer armies.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Efter the 1936 [[Xi'an Incident]], the Kuomintang an communist forces greed on a ceasefire tae present a [[Seicont Unitit Front|unitit front]] fur tae oppone Japan.{{sfn|Busky|2002|p=10}}

== Pre-war events ==
=== Spaingie Ceevil War (1936–39) ===
{{Main|Spaingie Ceevil War}}

Whan ceevil war ootbrak in Spain, Hitler an Mussolini lent militar uphaudin tae the [[Naitionalist faction (Spaingie Ceevil War)|Naitionalist rebels]], led bi General [[Francisco Franco]]. The Soviet Union uphaudit the existin govrenment, the [[Seicont Spaingie Republic|Spaingie Republic]]. Ower 30,000 foreign volunteers, kent as the [[Internaitional Brigades]], forby focht agin the Naitionalists. Baith Germany an the USSR uised this [[proxy war]] as an opportunity fur tae test in combat thair maist advanced wappens an tactics. The Naitionalists wan the ceevil war in Apryle 1939; Franco, nou dictator, remeened offeecially neutral in World War II but generally favoured the Axis.{{sfn|Payne|2008|page=271}} His greatest collaboration wi Germany wis the sendin o [[Blue Diveesion|volunteers]] tae fecht on the [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)|Eastren Front]].{{sfn|Payne|2008|page=146}}

=== Japanese invasion o Cheenae (1937) ===
{{Main|Seicont Sino-Japanese War}}
In Julie 1937, Japan capturt the umwhile Cheenese imperial caipital o [[Peking]] efter instigatin the [[Marco Polo Brig Incident]], that culminatit in the Japanese campaign tae invade aw o Cheenae.{{sfn|Eastman|1986|pp=547–51}} The Soviets quickly signed a [[Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact|non-aggression pact wi Cheenae]] tae lend [[materiel]] uphaudin, effectively endin Cheenae's prior [[Sino-German comploutherin 1926–1941|comploutherin wi Germany]]. Frae September tae November, the Japanese attackit [[Battle o Taiyuan|Taiyuan]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Guo 1971 221&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Guo|2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hsu &amp; Chang 1971 221&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Hsu|Chang|1971|pp=195–200}}.&lt;/ref&gt; as weel as engagin the [[Naitional Revolutionary Airmy|Kuomintang Airmy]] [[Battle o Xinkou|aroond Xinkou]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guo 1971 221&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hsu &amp; Chang 1971 221&quot;/&gt; an [[Communist Pairty o Cheenae|Communist forces]] [[battle o Pingxingguan|in Pingxingguan]].&lt;ref name=Tucker2009&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&amp;pg=PA1873|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|first=Spencer C.|last=Tucker|date=23 December 2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|accessdate=27 August 2017|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=yang&gt;Yang Kuisong, &quot;On the reconstruction of the facts of the Battle of Pingxingguan&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; [[Generalissimo]] [[Chiang Kai-shek]] deployed his [[German-trained diveesions in the Naitional Revolutionary Airmy|best airmy]] tae [[Battle o Shanghai|defend Shanghai]], but, efter three month o fechtin, Shanghai fell. The Japanese conteena'd tae push the Cheenese forces back, [[Battle o Nanking|capturin the caipital Nanking]] in December 1937. Efter the faw o Nanking, tens o thoosands, gif no hunders o thoosands, o Cheenese ceevilians an disairmed combatants wis [[Nanking Massacre|murthert bi the Japanese]].&lt;ref&gt;Levene, Mark and Roberts, Penny. ''The Massacre in History''. 1999, page 223-4&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=tot&gt;Totten, Samuel. ''Dictionary of Genocide''. 2008, 298–9.&lt;/ref&gt;

In Mairch 1938, Naitionalist Cheenese forces wan thair [[Battle o Taierzhuang|first major veectory at Taierzhuang]] but then the ceety o [[Xuzhou]] [[Battle o Xuzhou|wis taken bi Japanese]] in Mey.{{sfn|Hsu|Chang|1971|pp=221–230}} In Juin 1938, Cheenese forces stawed the Japanese advance bi [[1938 Yellae River fluid|fluidin the Yellae River]]; this manoeuvre bocht time fur the Cheenese tae prepare thair defences at [[Wuhan]], but the [[Battle o Wuhan|ceety wis takken]] bi October.{{sfn|Eastman|1986|p=566}} Japanese militar veectories didnae bring aboot the collapse o Cheenese resistance that Japan haed howpit tae achieve; insteid the Cheenese govrenment relocatit inland tae [[Chongqing]] an conteena'd the war.{{sfn|Taylor|2009|pp=150–2}}{{sfn|Sella|1983|pp=651–87}}

=== European occupations an agreements ===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H27337, Moskau, Stalin und Ribbentrop im Kreml.jpg|right|thumb|upright|German Foreign Meenister [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]] (richt) an the Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]], efter signin the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact]], 23 August 1939]]
In Europe, Germany an Italy wis becomin aggressiver. In Mairch 1938, Germany [[Anschluss|annexed Austrick]], again provokin [[Appeasement o Hitler|a bittock response]] frae ither European pouers.{{sfn|Collier|Pedley|2000|p=144}} Encouraged, Hitler begoud pressin German claims on the [[Sudetenland]], an aurie o [[Czechoslovakie]] wi a predominantly [[ethnic German]] population; an suin Breetain an Fraunce follaed the coonsel o Breetish Prime Meenister [[Neville Chamberlain]] an concedit this territory tae Germany in the [[Munich Greement]], that wis made agin the wishes o the Czechoslovak govrenment, in exchynge fur a promise o nae mair territorial demands.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|pp=121–2}} Suin efterwart, Germany an Italy forced Czechoslovakie tae [[First Vienna Awaird|cede addeetional territory]] tae [[Hungary]] an Poland annexed Czechoslovakie's [[Zaolzie]] region.{{sfn|Kershaw|2001|p=157}}

Awtho aw o Germany's statit demands haed been satisfee'd bi the greement, preevatly Hitler wis furious that Breetish interference haed preventit him frae seizin aw o Czechoslovakie in ane operation. In subsequent speeches, Hitler attackit Breetish an Jewish &quot;war-mongers&quot; an in Januar 1939 [[Plan Z|saicretly ordered a major big-up o the German navy]] tae challenge Breetish naval supremacy. In Mairch 1939, [[German occupation o Czechoslovakie|Germany invadit the remeender o Czechoslovakie]] an subsequently split it intae the German [[Pertectorate o Bohemie an Moravie]] an a pro-German [[client state]], the [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]].{{sfn|Davies|2006|loc=pp. 143–4 (2008 ed.)}} Hitler forby deleevered the 20 Mairch 1939 [[1939 German ultimatum tae Lithuanie|ultimatum tae Lithuanie]], forcin the concession o the [[Klaipėda Region]].

Greatly alairmed an wi Hitler makkin forder demands on the [[Free Ceety o Danzig]], Breetain an Fraunce [[Anglo-Pols militar alliance#Breetish Guarantee tae Poland|guaranteed thair uphaudin o Pols unthirldom]]; whan [[Italian invasion o Albanie|Italy conquered Albanie]] in Apryle 1939, the same guarantee wis extendit tae Romanie an [[Greece]].{{sfn|Lowe|Marzari|2002|p=330}} Shortly efter the [[Franco-Pols Militar Alliance|Franco]]-Breetish pledge tae Poland, Germany an Italy formalised thair awn alliance wi the [[Pact o Steel]].{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=234}} Hitler accuised Breetain an Poland o tryin tae &quot;encircle&quot; Germany an renoonced the [[Anglo-German Naval Greement]] an the [[German–Pols Non-Aggression Pact]].

The situation reakit a general creesis in late August as German truips conteena'd tae mobilise agin the Pols mairch. In August 23, whan tripartite negotiations aboot a militar alliance atween Fraunce, Breetain an USSR stawed&lt;ref&gt;Derek Watson, Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939, ''Europe-Asia Studies'', Vol. 52, No. 4 (Jun., 2000), pp. 695-722 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/153322]&lt;/ref&gt;, Soviet Union signed [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|a non-aggression pact]] wi Germany.{{sfn|Shore|2003|p=108}} This pact haed a saicret protocol that defined German an Soviet &quot;spheres o influence&quot; (wastren [[Seicont Pols Republic|Poland]] an [[Lithuanie]] for Germany; [[Territories o Poland annexed bi the Soviet Union|eastren Poland]], Finland, [[Estonie]], Latvie an [[Bessarabie]] fur the USSR), an raised the quaisten o conteenuin Pols unthirldom.{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=608}} The pact neutralised the possibility o Soviet opposeetion tae a campaign against Poland an assured that Germany wad nae hae tae face the prospect o a twa-front war, as it haed in Warld War I. Immediately efter that, Hitler ordert the attack tae proceed on 26 August, but upon hearin that Breetain haed concludit a formal mutual assistance pact wi Poland, an that Italy wad mainteen neutrality, he decidit tae delay it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/DAP-Poland/Campaign-II.html#chapter5|title=The German Campaign In Poland (1939)|publisher=|accessdate=29 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In response tae Breetish requests fur direct negotiations fur tae evit war, Germany made demands on Poland, that anerly served as a pretext tae worsen relations.&lt;ref name=ww2db_com&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=162 |title=The Danzig Crisis |website=ww2db.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 29 August, Hitler demanded that a Pols [[plenipotentiary]] immediately traivel fur tae Berlin tae negotiate the haundower o [[Danzig]], an tae allou a [[plebiscite]] in the [[Pols Corridor]] in that the German minority wad vote on secession.&lt;ref name=ww2db_com/&gt; The Poles refuised tae complee wi the German demands, an on the nicht o 30–31 August in a veeolent meetin wi the Breetish ambassador [[Neville Henderson]], Ribbentrop declared that Germany conseedert its claims rejectit.&lt;ref name=ibiblio1939&gt;{{cite web |title=Major international events of 1939, with explanation |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1939.html |publisher=Ibiblio.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coorse o the war ==

=== War braks oot in Europe (1939–40) ===
[[File:Schleswig Holstein firing Gdynia 13.09.1939.jpg|left|thumb|German battleship [[SMS Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]] firin first salvos o WWII in the attack o [[battle o Westerplatte|Westerplatte]]. Gdańsk, 1 September 1939]]
On 1 September 1939, upon [[Operation Himmler|haein staged]] several [[Gleiwitz incident|mairch incidents]], Germany [[Invasion o Poland|invadit Poland]]. {{sfn|Evans|2008|pp=1–2}} The [[Battle o Westerplatte]] is aften descrived as the first European battle o Warld War II. Breetain respondit wi an ultimatum tae Germany tae cease militar operations, an on 3 September, efter the ultimatum wis ignored, Fraunce, Breetain, [[Australie]], an [[New Zealand]] declared a war on Germany. This alliance wis jynt bi [[Union o Sooth Africae|Sooth Africae]] (6 September) an [[Canadae]] (10 September). The alliance providit [[Phoney War|na direct militar support]] tae Poland, ootside o a [[Saar Offensive|cautious French probe intae the Saarland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Keegan 1997 35&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Keegan|1997|p=35}}.&lt;br /&gt;{{Harvnb|Cienciala|2010|p=128}}, observes that, while it is true that Poland wis faur awey, makkin it difficult for the French an Breetish tae provide support, &quot;[f]ew Western historians of World War II&amp;nbsp;... know that the British had committed to bomb Germany if it attacked Poland, but did not do so except for one raid on the base of Wilhelmshafen. The French, who committed to attack Germany in the west, had no intention of doing so.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Allies o Warld War II|Wastren Allies]] forby begoud a [[Blockade o Germany (1939–45)|naval blockade o Germany]], that aimed tae damage the kintra's economy an war effort.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|p=32}}; {{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=248–9}}; {{Harvnb|Roskill|1954|p=64}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Germany respondit bi orderin [[Submarine warfare#Warld War II|U-boat warfare]] agin Allied merchand an warships, that wad later escalate intae the [[Battle o the Atlantic]].

On 8 September, German truips reached suburbs o [[Warsaw]]. The Pols wastlin [[Battle o Bzura|coonter offensive]] hautit the German advance fur several day, but it wis ootflankit an encircled bi the ''[[Wehrmacht]]''. Remnants o the Pols airmy brak throu tae [[Battle o Warsaw (1939)|besieged Warsaw]]. On 17 September 1939, efter signin a [[Battles o Khalkhin Gol|cease-fire wi Japan]], the [[Soviet invasion o Poland|Soviets invadit Eastren Poland]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2002|pp=80, 83}}

On 27 September, Warsaw gairison signed a cease-fire an surrendered tae the Germans, an [[Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Polesie|the last lairge operational unit o the Pols Airmy]] [[Battle o Kock (1939)|surrendered on 6 October]]. Maugre a militar defeat, the Pols govrenment niver surrendered; the Pols resistance established an [[Pols Unnergrund State|Unnergrund State]] an a pairtisan [[Hame Airmy]].{{sfn|Hempel|2005|p=24}}.

Germany [[Pols auries annexed bi Nazi Germany|annexed]] the wastren an [[General Govrenment|occupied]] the central pairt o Poland, an the USSR [[Pols auries annexed bi Nazi Germany|annexed]] its eastren pairt; smaw shares o Pols territory war transferred tae [[Territorial chynges o Poland#Warld War II|Lithuanie]] an [[Slovak invasion o Poland|Slovakie]].
On the 6t October, Hitler made a public peace owertur tae Breetain an Fraunce, but said that the futur o Poland wis tae be determined exclusively bi Germany an the Soviet Union. The proposal wis rejectit&lt;ref name=ibiblio1939/&gt;, an Hitler ordered an immediate offensive agin Fraunce,&lt;ref&gt;Nuremberg Documents C-62/GB86, a directive frae Hitler in October 1939 whilk concludes: &quot;The attack [on France] is tae be launcht this Autumn if conditions is possible ava.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; that wad be postponed till the ware o 1940 due tae bad wather. {{sfn|Liddell Hart|1977|pp=39–40}}{{sfn|Bullock|1990|loc=pp. 563–4, 566, 568–9, 574–5 (1983 ed.)}}&lt;ref&gt;Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk, L Deighton, Jonathan Cape, 1993, p186-7. Deighton states that &quot;the offensive was postponed twenty-nine times before it finally took place.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

The Soviet Union forced the [[Baltic states|Baltic kintras]]—Estonie, Latvie an Lithuanie, the states that war in a Soviet [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact|sphere o influence]]&quot;—tae sign [[Backgrund o the occupation o the Baltic states#Soviet ultimatums an occupation|&quot;mutual assistance pacts&quot;]] that stipulatit stationin Soviet truips in thir kintras. Suin efter that, signeeficant Soviet militar contingent wis muived thare.{{sfn|Smith|Pabriks|Purs|Lane|2002|p=24}}{{sfn|Bilinsky|1999|p=9}}{{sfn|Murray|Millett|2001|pp=55–6}}. Finland refuised tae sign a seemilar pact an rejectit tae cede pairt o its territory tae the USSR, thar promptit a Soviet invasion in November 1939{{sfn|Spring|1986|p=207-226}}, an the USSR wis expelt frae the League o Naitions&lt;ref&gt;Carl van Dyke. The Soviet Invasion of Finland. Frank Cass Publishers, Lindon, Portland, OR. {{ISBN|0-7146-4753-5}}, p. 71.&lt;/ref&gt;. Despite owerwhelmin numerical superiority, Soviet militar sonse wis modest, an the [[Winter War|Finno-Soviet war]] endit in Mairch 1940 wi [[Moscow Peace Treaty|meenimal Finnish concessions]].{{sfn|Hanhimäki|1997|p=12}}

In Juin 1940, the Soviet Union forcibly annexed [[Soviet occupation o the Baltic states (1940)|Estonie, Latvie an Lithuanie]],{{sfn|Bilinsky|1999|p=9}} an the disputit Romanie regions o [[Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina|Bessarabie, Northren Bukovina an Hertza]]. Meanwhile, Nazi-Soviet poleetical rapprochement an economic co-operation{{sfn|Ferguson|2006|pp=367, 376, 379, 417}}{{sfn|Snyder|2010|p=118ff}} gradually stawed,{{sfn|Koch|1983}}{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=56}} an baith states begoud preparations for war.{{sfn|Roberts|2006|p=59}}

=== Wastren Europe (1940–41) ===
{{main|Wastren Front (Warld War II)}}
[[File:Maginot Line ln-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Map o the French [[Maginot Line]]]]

In Apryle 1940, [[Operation Weserübung|Germany invadit Denmark an Norawa]] tae pertect shipments o [[Swwadish airn-ure minin in World War II|airn ore frae Swaden]], that the Allies war [[Operation Wilfred|attemptin tae cut aff]] bi unilaterally minin neutral Norse watters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Murray|Millett|2001|pp=57–63}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Denmark]] capitulatit efter a few oors, an [[Norse Campaign|mauggre Allied support]], in that the important herbour o [[Narvik]] temporarily wis recapturt frae the Germans, [[Norawa]] wis conquert within twa month.{{sfn|Commager|2004|p=9}} [[Norawa Debate|Breetish discontent ower the Norse campaign]] led tae the replacement o the Breetish Prime Meenister, [[Neville Chamberlain]], wi [[Winston Churchill]] on 10 Mey 1940.{{sfn|Reynolds|2006|p=76}}

Germany [[Battle o Fraunce|launcht an offensive agin Fraunce]] an, adherin tae the [[Manstein Plan]] forby attackit the neutral naitions o [[Battle o Belgium|Belgium]], [[Battle o the Netherlands|the Netherlands]], an [[German invasion o Luxembourg|Luxembourg]] on 10 Mey 1940.{{sfn|Evans|2008|pp=122–3}} That same day, Breetish forces laundit in [[Invasion o Iceland|Iceland]] an the [[Breetish occupation o the Faroe Islands|Faroes]] tae preempt a possible German invasion o the islands.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|p=436}}. The Americans later relieved the Breetish, wi marines arrivin in Reykjavik on 7 Julie 1941 ({{Harvnb|Schofield|1981|p=122}}).&lt;/ref&gt; The US, in close co-operation wi [[Henrik Kauffmann|the Dens envoy tae Washington D.C.]], greed tae pertect [[Greenland in Warld War II|Greenland]], layin the poleetical framewark for the formal establishment o bases in Apryle 1941. The [[Netherlands in Warld War II|Netherlands]] an [[Belgium in Warld War II|Belgium]] wis owerrun uisin [[blitzkrieg]] tactics in a few days an weeks, respectively.{{sfn|Shirer|1990|pp=721–3}} The French-fortifee'd [[Maginot Line]] an the main bouk o the Allied forces that haed muived intae Belgium wae circumventit bi a flankin muivement throu the thickly widdit [[Ardennes]] region,{{sfn|Keegan|1997|pp=59–60}} mistakenly perceived bi Allied planners as an impenetrable naitural barrier against airmoured vehicles.{{sfn|Regan|2004|p=152}}{{sfn|Liddell Hart|1977|p=48}} As a result, the bouk o the Allied airmies foond themsels trappit in an encirclement an war beaten. The majority war takken prisoner, whilst ower 300,000, maistly Breetish an French, war [[Dunkirk evacuation|evacuated frae the continent at Dunkirk]] bi early Juin, awtho abandonin awmaist aw o thair equipment.{{sfn|Keegan|1997|pp=66–7}}

On the 10t Juin, [[Italian invasion o Fraunce|Italy invadit Fraunce]], declarin war on baith Fraunce an the Unitit Kinrick.{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|p=207}} Paris fell tae the Germans on the 14t Juin an aicht days later [[Airmistice o 22 Juin 1940|Fraunce signed an airmistice wi Germany]] an wis suin dividit intae [[German militar admeenistration in occupied Fraunce in Warld War II|German]] an [[Italian occupation o Fraunce|Italian occupation zones]],{{sfn|Umbreit|1991|p=311}} an a wanoccupied [[rump state]] unner the [[Vichy Regime]], that, tho offeecially neutral, wis generally aligned wi Germany. Fraunce kept its fleet but the Breetish feared the Germans wad seize it, sae on 3 Julie, the Breetish [[Attack on Mers-el-Kébir|attacked it]].{{sfn|Brown|2004|p=xxx}}

The [[Battle o Breetain]]{{sfn|Keegan|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TF8kcx9hTssC&amp;pg=PA72 72]}} begoud in early Julie wi [[Kanalkampf|Luftwaffe attacks on shippin an herbours]].&lt;ref name=Murray_BoB&gt;{{harvnb|Murray|1983|loc=[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-2.html#cn70 The Battle of Britain].}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 19 Julie, Hitler again publicly offert tae end the war, sayin he wisna wantin tae destroy the [[Breetish Empire]]. The Unitit Kinrick rejectit this ultimatum.&lt;ref name=ibiblio_1940&gt;{{cite web |title=Major international events of 1940, with explanation |url= http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1940.html |publisher=Ibiblio.org |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The main [[Adlertag|German air superiority campaign]] stairtit in August but failed tae defeat [[RAF Fechter Command]], an a [[Operation Sea Lion|proponed invasion]] wis postponed indefinitely on 17 September. The German [[strategic bombin]] offensive intensifee'd as nicht attacks on Lunnon an ither ceeties in [[the Blitz]], but lairgely failed tae disrupt the Breetish war effort.{{r|Murray_BoB}}

Uisin newly capturt French ports, the German Navy [[Battle o the Atlantic#'Happy Time' (Juin 1940&amp;nbsp;– Februar 1941)|enjoyed success]] against an ower-extendit [[Ryal Navy]], uisin [[U-boat]]s agin Breetish shippin in the [[Battle o the Atlantic|Atlantic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Goldstein|2004|p=35}}. Aircraft played a heichly important role in defeatin the German U-boats ({{Harvnb|Schofield|1981|p=122}}).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!-- REFERENCES NEEDED FOR THIS --&gt; The Breetish scored a signeeficant veectory on 27 Mey 1941 bi [[Last battle o the battleship Bismarck|sinkin the German battleship ''Bismarck'']].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Steury|1987|p=209}}; {{Harvnb|Zetterling|Tamelander|2009|p=282}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Aiblins maist importantly, in the Battle o Breetain the [[Ryal Air Force]] haed successfully reseestit the Luftwaffe's assault, an the German bombin campaign lairgely endit in Mey 1941.{{sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=108–9}}

Ootthrou this period, the neutral Unitit States teuk meisurs tae assist Cheenae an the Wastren Allies. In November 1939, the American [[Neutrality Acts o 1930s|Neutrality Act]] wis amendit tae allou [[Cash an cairy (World War II)|&quot;cash an cairy&quot;]] purchases bi the Allies.{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|pp=328–30}} In 1940, follaein the German captur o Paris, the size o the [[Unitit States Navy]] wis [[Two-Ocean Navy Act|signeeficantly increased]]. In September, the Unitit States forder greed tae a [[Destroyers for Bases Agreement|tred o American destroyers for Breetish bases]].{{sfn|Maingot|1994|p=52}} Still, a lairge majority o the American public conteena'd tae oppone ony direct militar intervention intae the conflict weel inte 1941.{{sfn|Cantril|1940|p=390}} Awtho Roosevelt haed promised tae keep the Unitit States oot o the war, he nivertheless teuk concrete steps tae prepare for war.

At the end o September 1940, the [[Tripartite Pact]] unitit Japan, Italy an Germany tae formalise the [[Axis Pouers]]. The Tripartite Pact stipulatit that ony kintra, wi the exception o the Soviet Union, no in the war that attacked ony Axis Power wad be forced tae gae tae war agin aw three.{{Sfn|Bilhartz|Elliott|2007|p=179}} The Axis expandit in November 1940 whan Hungary, Slovakie an [[Kinrick o Romanie|Romanie]] jynt the Tripartite Pact.{{Sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|p=877}} Romanie wad mak a [[Romanie in Warld War II|major contreibution]] (as [[Hungary in Warld War II|did Hungary]]) tae the Axis war agin the USSR, pairtially tae recaptur [[Soviet occupation o Bessarabie an Northren Bukovina|territory cedit tae the USSR]], pairtially tae pursue its leader [[Ion Antonescu]]'s desire tae combat communism.{{Sfn|Dear|Foot|2001|pp=745–6}}

=== Mediterranean (1940–41) ===
[[File:9 Div Tobruk(AWM 020779).jpg|thumb|right|Sodgers o the [[Breetish Empire in Warld War II|Breetish Commonweel forces]] frae the Australie Airmy's [[9t Diveesion (Australie)|9t Diveesion]] in the [[Siege o Tobruk]]; [[North African Campaign]], August 1941]]

Italy begoud operations in the Mediterranean, ineetiatin a [[Siege o Maltae (Warld War II)|siege o Maltae]] in Juin, [[Italian conquest o Breetish Somaliland|conquerin Breetish Somaliland]] in August, an [[Italian invasion o Egyp|makkin an incursion intae Breetish-held Egyp]] in September 1940. In October 1940, Italy stairtit the [[Greco-Italian War]] acause o Mussolini's jealousy o Hitler's success but within days wis repulsed wi few territorial gains an a stalemate suin occurred.{{sfn|Clogg|2002|p=118}} The Unitit Kinrick respondit tae Greek requests for assistance bi sendin truips tae Crete an providin air support tae Greece. Hitler decidit that whan the wather impruived he wad tak action against Greece tae assist the Italians an prevent the Breetish frae gaining a fithauld in the Balkans, tae strike against the Breetish naval dominance o the Mediterranean, an tae siccar his hauld on Romanie ile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|pp=146, 152}}; {{Harvnb|US Army|1986|pp=[http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/20_260_1.htm 4–6]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi late Mairch 1941, follaein [[Bulgarie]]'s signin o the [[Tripartite Pact]], the Germans war in poseetion tae intervene in Greece. Plans chynged, houiver, acause o developments in neighbourin [[Yugoslavie]]. The Yugoslav govrenment haed signed the Tripartite Pact on 25 Mairch, anerly tae be owerthrawn twa day efter bi a [[Yugoslav coup d'état|Breetish-encouraged coup]]. Hitler viewed the new regime as hostile an immediately decidit tae eliminate it. On 6 Apryle Germany simultaneously invadit baith [[Invasion o Yugoslavie|Yugoslavie]] an [[Battle o Greece|Greece]], makkin rapid progress an forcin baith naitions tae surrender within the month. The Breetish war driven frae the Balkans efter Germany [[Battle o Crete|conquered the Greek island o Crete]] bi the end o Mey.{{sfn|Weinberg|2005|p=229}} &lt;!-- REFERENCE SEEMS VERY NARROW FOR RANGE OF EVENTS COVERED --&gt; Awtho the Axis veectory wis swift, bitter pairtisan warfare subsequently brak oot agin the [[Axis occupation o Yugoslavie]], whilk conteena'd till the end o the war.

=== Axis attack on the USSR (1941) ===

Wi the situation in Europe an Asie relatively stable, Germany, Japan, an the Soviet Union made preparations. Wi the Soviets waurie o moontin tensions wi Germany an the Japanese plannin tae tak advantage o the European War bi seizin resoorce-rich European possessions in [[Sootheast Asie]], the twa pouers signed the [[Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact]] in Apryle 1941.{{sfn|Garver|1988|p=114}} Bi contrast, the Germans war steadily makkin preparations for an attack on the Soviet Union, massin forces on the Soviet mairch.{{sfn|Weinberg|2005|p=195}}

Hitler believed that Breetain's refuisal tae end the war wis based on the howp that the Unitit States an the Soviet Union wad enter the war agin Germany suiner or later.{{sfn|Murray|1983|p=[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/AAF-Luftwaffe/AAF-Luftwaffe-3.html 69]}} He tharefore decidit tae try tae strenthen Germany's relations wi the Soviets, or failin that, tae attack an eliminate them as a factor. In November 1940, [[German–Soviet Axis talks|negotiations teuk place]] tae determine if the Soviet Union wad jyne the Tripartite Pact. The Soviets shawed some interest, but asked for concessions frae Finland, Bulgarie, Turkey, an Japan that Germany conseedert unacceptable. On 18 December 1940, Hitler issued the directive tae prepare for an invasion o the Soviet Union.

On 22 Juin 1941, Germany, supportit bi Italy an Romanie, invadit the Soviet Union in [[Operation Barbarossa]], wi Germany accusin the Soviets o plottin agin them. Thay war jynt shortly bi Finland an Hungary.&lt;ref name=Events1941&gt;{{citation |last1=Klooz |first1=Marle |last2=Wiley |first2=Evelyn |others=Director: Humphrey, Richard A. |year=1944 |title=Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History |series=78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541 |location=Washington |publisher=US Government Printing Office |at=pp. 267–312 ([http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html 1941]) |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The primar targets o this surprise offensive{{sfn|Sella|1978}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} war the [[Baltic region]], Moscow an [[Ukraine]], wi the [[Strategic goal (militar)|ultimate goal]] o endin the 1941 campaign near the [[A-A line|Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line]], frae the [[Caspian sea|Caspian]] tae the [[White Sea]]s. Hitler's objectives war tae eliminate the Soviet Union as a militar pouer, exterminate Communism, generate ''[[Lebensraum]]'' (&quot;leevin space&quot;){{sfn|Kershaw|2007|pp=66–9}} bi [[Generalplan Ost|dispossessin the native population]]{{sfn|Steinberg|1995}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} an guarantee access tae the strategic resoorces needit tae defeat Germany's remeenin rivals.{{sfn|Hauner|1978}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}}

[[File:German troops in Russia, 1941 - NARA - 540155.jpg|thumb|left|German sodgers in the invasion o the Soviet Union bi the [[Axis pouers]], 1941]]

Awtho the [[Reid Airmy]] wis preparin for strategic [[coonter-offensive]]s afore the war,{{sfn|Roberts|1995}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} ''Barbarossa'' forced the [[Stavka|Soviet supreme command]] tae adopt a [[strategic defence]]. In the simmer, the Axis made signeeficant gains intae Soviet territory, inflictin immense losses in baith personnel an materiel. By the middle o August, houiver, the German [[Oberkommando des Heeres|Airmy Heich Command]] decidit tae [[Battle o Smolensk (1941)|suspend the offensive]] o a conseederably depletit [[Airmy Group Centre]], an tae divert the [[2nt Panzer Group]] tae reinforce truips advancin taewart central Ukraine an Leningrad.{{sfn|Wilt|1981}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} The [[Battle o Kiev (1941)|Kiev offensive]] wis owerwhalminly successfu, resultin in encirclement an elimination o fower Soviet airmies, an made possible further [[Crimean Campaign|advance intae Crimea]] an industrially developit Eastren Ukraine (the [[First Battle o Kharkov]]).{{sfn|Erickson|2003|pp=114–37}}

The diversion o three quarter o the Axis truips an the majority o thair air forces frae Fraunce an the central Mediterranean tae the [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)|Eastren Front]]{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=9}} promptit Breetain tae reconseeder its [[grand strategy]].{{sfn|Farrell|1993}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} In Julie, the UK an the Soviet Union formed a [[Anglo-Soviet Greement|militar alliance against Germany]]{{sfn|Keeble|1990|p=29}} The Breetish an Soviets [[Anglo-Soviet invasion o Iran|invadit neutral Iran]] tae siccar the [[Persian Corridor]] an Iran's [[ile field]]s.{{sfn|Bueno de Mesquita|Smith|Siverson|Morrow|2003|p=425}} In August, the Unitit Kinrick an the Unitit States jyntly issued the [[Atlantic Chairter]].{{sfn|Beevor|2012|p=220}}

Bi October Axis [[operational objective]]s in Ukraine an the Baltic region war achieved, wi anerly the sieges o [[siege o Leningrad|Leningrad]]{{sfn|Kleinfeld|1983}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} an [[Siege o Sevastopol (1941–42)|Sevastopol]] conteenain.{{sfn|Jukes|2001|p=113}} A major [[battle o Moscow|offensive against Moscow]] wis renewed; efter twa month o fierce battles in increasinly hersh wather the German airmy awmaist reached the ooter suburbs o Moscow, whaur the exhaustit truips&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Glantz|2001|p=26}}: &quot;By 1 November [the Wehrmacht] had lost fully 20% of its committed strength (686,000 men), up to 2/3 of its ½-million motor vehicles, and 65 percent of its tanks. The German Army High Command (OKH) rated its 136 divisions as equivalent to 83 full-strength divisions.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; war forced tae suspend thair offensive.{{sfn|Reinhardt|1992|p=227}} Lairge territorial gains war made bi Axis forces, but thair campaign haed failed tae achieve its main objectives: twa key ceeties remeened in Soviet haunds, the Soviet [[Militar capability|capability tae resist]] wis nae brak, an the Soviet Union reteened a conseederable pairt o its militar potential. The ''blitzkrieg'' [[Phase (combat)|phase]] o the war in Europe haed endit.{{sfn|Milward|1964}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}}

Bi early December, freshly mobilised [[Militar reserve force|reserves]]{{sfn|Rotundo|1986}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} alloued the Soviets tae achieve numerical parity wi Axis truips.{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=26}} This, as weel as [[Richard Sorge#Wartime intelligence supplee'd bi the Sorge Ring|intelligence data]] that established that a meenimal nummer o Soviet truips in the East wad be sufficient tae deter ony attack bi the Japanese [[Kwantung Airmy]],{{sfn|Garthoff|1969}}{{page needed|date=July 2016}} alloued the Soviets tae begin a [[Soviet Offensive (1941–1942)|massive coonter-offensive]] that stairtit on 5 December aw alang the front an pushed German truips {{convert|100|-|250|km|mi}} wast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Beevor|1998|pp=41–2}}; {{Harvnb|Evans|2008|pp=213–4}}, notes that &quot;Zhukov had pushed the Germans back where they had launched Operation Typhoon two months before.&amp;nbsp;... Only Stalin's decision to attack all along the front instead of concentrating his forces in an all-out assault against the retreating German Army Group Centre prevented the disaster from being even worse.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== War braks out in the Paceefic (1941) ===
{{main|Paceefic War}}
In 1939, the Unitit States haed renoonced its tred treaty wi Japan; an, beginnin wi an [[aviation petrol]] ban in Julie 1940, Japan becam subject tae increasin economic pressur.{{r|ibiblio_1940}} In this time, Japan launched its [[Battle o Changsha (1939)|first attack against Changsha]], a strategically important Cheenese ceety, but wis repulsed bi late September.{{sfn|Jowett|Andrew|2002|p=14}} Despite [[1939–40 Winter Offensive|several offensives]] bi baith sides, the war atween Cheenae an Japan wis stalematit bi 1940. Tae increase pressur on Cheenae bi blockin supply routes, an tae better poseetion Japanese forces in the event o a war wi the Wastren powers, Japan invadit an [[Japanese invasion o French Indocheenae|occupied northren Indocheenae]].{{sfn|Overy|Wheatcroft|1999|p=289}} Efterwart, the Unitit States [[embargo]]ed airn, steel an mechanical pairts against Japan.{{sfn|Morison|2002|p=60}} Ither sanctions suin follaed.

[[File:The USS Arizona (BB-39) burnin efter the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor - NARA 195617 - Edit.jpg|thumb|right|{{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}} in the Japanese surprise air attack on the [[Unitit States Paceefic Fleet|American paceefic fleet]], 7 December 1941]]

Syne early 1941 the Unitit States an Japan haed been engaged in negotiations in an attempt tae impruive thair streened relations an end the war in Cheenae. In thir negotiations Japan advanced a nummer o proponements that war dismissed bi the Americans as inadequate.&lt;ref name=USAWWIIcp5&gt;{{cite web |title=The decision for War |website=US Army in WWII – Strategy and Command: The First Two Years |pp=113–27 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/Strategy-5.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the same time the US, Breetain, an the Netherlands engaged in saicret discussions for the jynt defence o thair territories, in the event o a Japanese attack against ony o them.&lt;ref name=USAWWIIcp4&gt;{{cite web |title=The Showdown With Japan Aug–Dec 1941 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pp=63–96 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-4.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roosevelt reinforced [[Commonweel o the Philippines|the Philippines (an American pertectorate scheduled for unthirldom in 1946)]] an wairned Japan that the US wad react tae Japanese attacks against ony &quot;neebourin kintra&quot;.{{r|USAWWIIcp4}} Japan prepared for war efter failed negotiations.

On 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asie time zones), Japan attacked Breetish an American hauldins wi near-simultaneous [[Japanese expansion (1941–1942)|offensives against Sootheast Asie an the Central Paceefic]].{{sfn|Wohlstetter|1962|pp=341–3}} Thir includit an [[attack on Pearl Harbor|attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor]], [[Philippines Campaign (1941–42)|the Philippines]], [[Malayan Campaign|landings in Thailand an Malaya]]{{sfn|Wohlstetter|1962|pp=341–3}} an the [[battle o Hong Kong]]. Thir attacks led the [[Unitit States declaration o war on Japan|Unitit States]], [[Unitit Kinrick declaration o war on Japan|Unitit Kinrick]], Cheenae, Australie an several ither states tae formally declare war on Japan, whauras the Soviet Union, bein hivily involved in lairge-scale hostilities wi European Axis kintras, mainteened its neutrality agreement wi Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Dunn|1998|p=157}}. According to {{Harvnb|May|1955|p=155}}, Churchill stated: &quot;Russian declaration of war on Japan would be greatly to our advantage, provided, but only provided, that Russians are confident that will not impair their Western Front.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Germany, follaed bi the ither Axis states, declared war on the Unitit States&lt;ref&gt;[[s:Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States|Adolf Hitler's Declaration of War against the United States]] in Wikisource.&lt;/ref&gt; in solidarity wi Japan, citin as juistification the American attacks on German war veshels that haed been ordered bi Roosevelt.{{r|Events1941}}&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last1=Klooz |first1=Marle |last2=Wiley |first2=Evelyn |others=Director: Humphrey, Richard A. |year=1944 |title=Events leading up to World War II – Chronological History |series=78th Congress, 2d Session – House Document N. 541 |location=Washington |publisher=US Government Printing Office |at=p. 310 ([http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/1941.html 1941]) |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/events/}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Axis advance staws (1942–43) ===

In 1942, Allied offeecials debatit on the appropriate [[grand strategy]] tae pursue. Aw agreed that [[Europe first|defeatin Germany]] wis the primar objective. The Americans favourt a straichtforrit, [[Operation Sledgehammer|lairge-scale attack]] on Germany throu Fraunce. The Soviets wis forby demandin a seicont front. The Breetish, on the ither haund, argied that militar operations shoud target peripheral auries tae weir oot German strenth, leadin tae increasin demoralisation, an bolster resistance forces. Germany itsel wad be subject tae a hivy bombin campaign. An offensive agin Germany wad then be launched primarily bi Allied airmour withoot uisin lairge-scale airmies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The First Full Dress Debate over Strategic Deployment. Dec 1941 – Jan 1942 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pp=97–119 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-5.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eventually, the Breetish persuadit the Americans that a laundingin Fraunce wis infeasible in 1942 an thay shoud insteid focus on drivin the Axis oot o North Africae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Elimination of the Alternatives. Jul–Aug 1942 |website=US Army in WWII – Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare |pp=266–92 |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-WD-Strategic1/USA-WD-Strategic1-12.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Paceefic (1942–43) ====
Bi the end o Apryle 1942, Japan an its ally Thailand haed awmaist fully conquered [[Japanese conquest o Burma|Burma]], [[Battle o Malaya|Malaya]], [[Dutch East Indies campaign|the Dutch East Indies]], [[Battle o Singapore|Singapore]], an [[Rabaul]], inflictin severe losses on Allied truips an takkin a lairge nummer o preesoners.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|pp=247–267, 345}} Despite stubborn [[Philippines Campaign (1941–42)|resistance]] bi Filipino an US forces, the [[Philippine Commonweel]] wis eventually capturt in Mey 1942, forcin its govrenment intae exile.{{sfn|Lewis|1953|loc=p. 529 (Table 11)}}

In airly Mey 1942, Japan ineetiatit operations tae [[Operation Mo|captur Port Moresby]] bi [[amphibious assault]] an sicweys sever communications an supply lines atween the Unitit States an Australie. The plant invasion wis thortert whan an Allied task force, centred on twa American fleet cairiers, focht Japanese naval forces tae a draw in the [[Battle o the Coral Sea]].{{sfn|Maddox|1992|pp=111–2}} Japan's next plan, motivatit bi the earlier [[Doolittle Raid]], wis tae seize [[Midway Atoll]] an wyse American cairiers intae battle tae be eliminatit; as a diversion, Japan wad forby send forces tae [[Aleutian Islands Campaign|occupy the Aleutian Islands]] in Alaska.{{sfn|Salecker|2001|p=186}} In mid-Mey, Japan stairtit the [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]] in Cheenae, wi the goal o inflictin retribution on the Cheenese that aidit the survivin American airmen in the Doolittle Raid bi destroyin air bases an fechtin against the Cheenese 23rd an 32nd Airmy Groups.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Schoppa|2011|p=28}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=lILltXBTo8oC&amp;pg=PA19 Chevrier &amp; Chomiczewski &amp; Garrigue 2004], p.19.&lt;/ref&gt; In early Juin, Japan put its operations intae action but the Americans, haein brak [[Japanese naval codes]] in late Mey, war fully awaur o plans an order o battle, an uised this knawledge tae achieve a decisive [[Battle o Midway|veectory at Midway]] ower the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Ropp|2000|p=368}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Eastren Front (1942–43) ====
[[File:RIAN archive 44732 Soviet soldiers attack house.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Reid Airmy]] sodgers on the coonterattack, in the [[Battle o Stalingrad]], Februar 1943]]
Maugre conseederable losses, in airly 1942 Germany an its allies stappit a major Soviet offensive in central an soothren Roushie, keepin maist territorial gains thay haed achieved in the umwhile year.{{sfn|Glantz|2001|p=31}}

Bi mid-November, the Germans haed [[Battle o Stalingrad|nearly takken Stalingrad]] in bitter [[urban warfare|street fechtin]] whan the Soviets begoud thair seicont winter coonter-offensive, stairtin wi an [[Operation Uranus|encirclement o German forces at Stalingrad]]{{sfn|Beevor|1998|pp=239–65}} an an assault on the [[Operation Mars|Rzhev salient near Moscow]], tho the latter failed disastrously.{{sfn|Black|2003|p=119}} Bi early Februar 1943, the German Airmy haed taen tremendous losses; German truips at Stalingrad haed been forced tae surrender,{{sfn|Beevor|1998|pp=383–91}} an the front-line haed been pushed back ayont its poseetion afore the simmer offensive. In mid-Februar, efter the Soviet push haed tapered aff, the Germans launcht anither [[Third Battle o Kharkov|attack on Kharkov]], creautin a [[Salients, re-entrants an pockets|salient]] in thair front line aroond the Soviet ceety o [[Kursk]].{{sfn|Erickson|2001|p=142}}

==== Wastren Europe/Atlantic an Mediterranean (1942–43) ====
Exploitin puir American naval command deceesions, [[Seicont Happy Time|the German navy ravaged Allied shippin aff the American Atlantic coast]].{{sfn|Milner|1990|p=52}} Bi November 1941, Commonweel forces haed launched a coonter-offensive, [[Operation Crusader]], in North Africae, an reclaimed aw the gains the Germans an Italians haed made.{{sfn|Beevor|2012|pp=224–8}}

In Juin 1943 the Breetish an Americans begoud [[Combined Bomber Offensive|a strategic bombin campaign]] against Germany wi a goal tae disrupt the war economy, reduce morale, an &quot;[[de-hoosin|de-hoose]]&quot; the ceevilian population.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/USSBS/ETO-Summary.html#tc &quot;The Civilians&quot;] United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (European War)&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Bombin o Hamburg in Warld War II|firebombin o Hamburg]] wis amang the first attacks in this campaign, it lead tae signeeficant causalities an inflictit conseederable losses on infrastructur o this important industrial centre.{{sfn|Overy|1995|pp=119–120}}

=== Allies gain momentum (1943–44) ===
On 3 September 1943, the Wastren Allies [[Allied invasion o Italy|invadit the Italian mainland]], follaein [[Airmistice o Cassibile|Italy's airmistice wi the Allies]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Kolko|1990|p=45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Germany wi the help o fascists respondit bi disairmin Italian forces that wis in mony places withoot superior orders, seizin militar control o Italian auries,{{sfn|Mazower|2008|p=362}} an creautin a series o defensive lines.{{sfn|Hart|Hart|Hughes|2000|p=151}} German special forces then [[Gran Sasso raid|rescued Mussolini]], that then suin established a new client state in German-occupied Italy named the [[Italian Social Republic]],{{sfn|Blinkhorn|2006|p=52}} causin an [[Italian Ceevil War|Italian ceevil war]]. The Wastren Allies focht throu several lines till reachin the [[Winter Line|main German defensive line]] in mid-November.{{sfn|Read|Fisher|2002|p=129}}

In November 1943, [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] an Winston Churchill met wi [[Chiang Kai-shek]] [[Cairo Conference|in Cairo]] an then wi Joseph Stalin [[Tehran Conference|in Tehran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kolko 1990 211,235,267_268&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Kolko|1990|pp=211, 235, 267–8}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The umwhile conference determined the post-war return o Japanese territory&lt;ref name=&quot;Iriye 1981 154&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Iriye|1981|p=154}}.&lt;/ref&gt; an the militar plannin fur the [[Burma Campaign]],{{sfn|Mitter|2014|p=286}} while the latter includit greement that the Wastren Allies wad invade Europe in 1944 an that the Soviet Union wad declare war on Japan within three month o Germany's defeat.&lt;ref name=&quot;polley148&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Polley|2000|p=148}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi the end o Januar 1944, a major [[Leningrad Front|Soviet]] [[Siege o Leningrad#Soviet relief o the siege|offensive herried oot German forces]] frae the [[Leningrad Oblast|Leningrad region]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Glantz 2002 327_366&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Glantz|2002|pp=327–66}}.&lt;/ref&gt; endin the langest an [[Leet o battles bi casualties#Sieges an urban combat|maist lethal siege in history]]. Bi late Mey, the Soviets haed [[Crimean Offensive|leeberatit Crimea]], lairgely expelled Axis forces frae Ukraine, an made [[First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive|incursions intae Romanie]], that war repulsed bi the Axis truips.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chubarov 2001 122&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Chubarov|2001|p=122}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The Allied offensives in Italy haed succeedit an, at the expense o allouin several German diveesions tae retreat, on 4 Juin, Roum wis capturt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Holland|2008|pp=169–84}}; {{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=568–73}}.&lt;br /&gt;The weeks after the fall of Rome saw a dramatic upswing in German atrocities in Italy ({{Harvnb|Mazower|2008|pp=500–2}}). The period featurt massacres wi victims in the hundrers at [[Civitella in Val di Chiana|Civitella]] ({{Harvnb|de Grazia|Paggi|1991}}; {{Harvnb|Belco|2010}}), [[Ardeatine massacre|Fosse Ardeatine]] ({{Harvnb|Portelli|2003}}), an [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre|Sant'Anna di Stazzema]] ({{Harvnb|Gordon|2012|pp=10–1}}), an is kaipit wi the [[Marzabotto massacre]].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Allies close in (1944) ===
[[File:Approaching Omaha.jpg|thumb|American truips approachin [[Omaha Beach]], in the [[invasion o Normandy]] on [[Normandy laundins|D-Day]], 6 Juin 1944]]
On 6 Juin 1944 (kent as [[Normandy laundins|D-Day]]), efter three year o Soviet pressur,&lt;ref name=rees406&gt;{{Harvnb|Rees|2008|pp=406–7}}: &quot;Stalin always believed that Britain and America were delaying the second front so that the Soviet Union would bear the brunt of the war.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; the Wastren Allies [[Invasion o Normandy|invadit northren Fraunce]]. Efter reassignin several Allied divisions frae Italy, thay forby [[Operation Dragoon|attacked soothren Fraunce]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Weinberg 2005 695&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Weinberg|2005|p=695}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Thir laundins war successfu, an led tae the defeat o the [[Falaise Pocket|German Airmy units]] in Fraunce. Paris wis [[Leeberation o Paris|leeberatit]] bi the [[French Reseestance|local reseestance]] assistit bi the [[Free French Forces]], baith led bi General [[Charles de Gaulle]], on 25 August&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Badsey|1990|p=91}}.&lt;/ref&gt; an the Wastren Allies conteena'd tae [[Allied advance frae Paris tae the Rhine|push back German forces]] in wastren Europe in the latter pairt o the year. An attempt tae advance intae northren Germany speirheidit bi [[Operation Market Garden|a major airborne operation]] in the Netherlands failed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|p=562}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Thareefter, the Wastren Allies slawly pushed intae Germany, but [[Operation Queen|failed tae cross the Ruhr river]] in a lairge offensive. In Italy, Allied advance forby slawed due tae the [[Gothic Line|last major German defensive line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Forrest|Evans|Gibbons|2012|p=191}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 22 Juin, the Soviets launched a strategic offensive in Belaroushie (&quot;[[Operation Bagration]]&quot;) that destroyed the German [[Airmy Group Centre]] awmaist completely.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zaloga 1996 7&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Zaloga|1996|p=7}}: &quot;It was the most calamitous defeat of all the German armed forces in World War II.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Suin efter that [[Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive|anither Soviet strategic offensive]] forced German truips frae Wastren Ukraine an Eastren Poland. The Soviet advance promptit [[Armia Krajowa|reseestance forces in Poland]] tae [[Operation Tempest|ineetiate several uprisins]] agin the German occupation. Houiver, the lairgest o thir [[Warsaw Uprisin|in Warsaw]], whaur German sodgers massacred 200,000 ceevilians, an a [[Slovak Naitional Uprisin|naitional uprisin]] in [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovakie]], did nae receive Soviet support an war subsequently suppressed bi the Germans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Berend|1996|p=8}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The Reid Airmy's [[Jassy–Kishinev Offensive|strategic offensive in eastren Romanie]] cut aff an destroyed the [[Airmy Group Sooth Ukraine|conseederable German truips thare]] an triggered [[Keeng Michael's Coup|a successfu coup d'état in Romanie]] an [[Bulgarie coup d'état o 1944|in Bulgarie]], follaed bi thae kintras' shift tae the Allied side.&lt;ref name=&quot;countrystudies.us&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/romania/23.htm|title=Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation|publisher=US Library of Congress|accessdate=14 November 2009|quote=The coup speeded the Red Army's advance, and the Soviet Union later awarded Michael the Order of Victory for his personal courage in overthrowing Antonescu and putting an end to Romania's war agin the Allies. Western historians uniformly point out that the Communists jist played a uphaudin role in the coup; efter-war Romanian historians, housomeir, ascribe tae the Communists the decisive role in Antonescu's overthrow}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In September 1944, Soviet truips advanced intae [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavie|Yugoslavie]] an forced the rapid widrawal o German Airmy Groups [[Airmy Group E|E]] an [[Airmy Group F|F]] in [[Axis occupation o Greece|Greece]], [[Albanie Kinrick (1943–44)|Albanie]] an Yugoslavie tae rescue them frae bein cut aff.&lt;ref name=&quot;Evans 2008 653&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|p=653}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Bi this pynt, the Communist-led [[Yugoslav Pairtisans|Pairtisans]] unner Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]], that haed led an [[Warld War II in Yugoslavia|increasinly successfu guerrilla campaign]] against the occupation syne 1941, controlled muckle o the territory o Yugoslavie an engaged in delayin efforts against German forces forder sooth. In northren [[Serbie (1941–1944)|Serbie]], the [[Reid Airmy]], wi leemitit support frae Bulgarie forces, assisted the Pairtisans in a jynt [[Belgrade Offensive|leeberation o the caipital ceety o Belgrade]] on 20 October. A few days later, the Soviets launched a [[Budapest Offensive|massive assault]] against [[Operation Panzerfaust|German-occupied]] Hungary that lastit till [[Battle o Budapest|the faw o Budapest]] in Februar 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Wiest|Barbier|2002|pp=65–6}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Unlik impressive Soviet veectories in the Balkans, [[Continuation War|bitter Finnish reseestance]] tae the [[Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive|Soviet offensive]] in the [[Karelie Isthmus]] denee'd the Soviets occupation o Finland an led tae a [[Moscow Airmistice|Soviet-Finnish airmistice]] on relatively mild condeetions,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Wiktor|first=Christian L|title=Multilateral Treaty Calendar – 1648–1995|publisher=Kluwer Law International|year=1998|isbn=90-411-0584-0|page=426}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Newton|2004}}.&lt;/ref&gt; awtho Finland wis forced tae [[Lapland War|fecht thair umwhile allies]].

In the Paceefic, US forces conteena'd tae press back the Japanese perimeter. In mid-Juin 1944, thay begoud thair [[Mariana an Palau Islands campaign|offensive agin the Mariana an Palau islands]], an decisively defeatit Japanese forces in the [[Battle o the Philippine Sea]]. Thir defeats led tae the resignation o the Japanese Prime Meenister, [[Hideki Tojo]], an providit the Unitit States wi air bases tae launch intensive hivy bomber attacks on the Japanese hame islands. In late October, American forces [[Battle o Leyte|invadit the Filipino island o Leyte]]; suin efter, Allied naval forces scored anither lairge veectory in the [[Battle o Leyte Gulf]], ane o the lairgest naval battles in history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Cook|Bewes|1997|p=305}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Axis collapse, Allied veectory (1944–45) ===
[[File:Yalta Conference (Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin) (B&amp;W).jpg|thumb|[[Yalta Conference]] held in Februar 1945, wi [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] an [[Joseph Stalin]]]]
On 16 December 1944, Germany made a last attempt on the Wastren Front bi uisin maist o its remeenin reserves tae launch [[Battle o the Bulge|a massive coonter-offensive in the Ardennes]] an [[Operation Nordwind|alang the French–German mairch]] tae split the Wastren Allies, encircle lairge portions o Wastren Allied truips an captur thair primar supply port at [[Antwerp]] tae prompt a poleetical dounset.&lt;ref name=&quot;parkerxiii&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Parker|2004|pp=xiii–xiv, 6–8, 68–70, 329–330}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi Januar, the offensive haed been repulsed wi na strategic objectives fulfilled.&lt;ref name=&quot;parkerxiii&quot;/&gt; In Italy, the Wastren Allies remeened stalemated at the German defensive line. In mid-Januar 1945, the Soviets an Poles attacked in Poland, [[Vistula–Oder Offensive|pushin frae the Vistula tae the Oder]] river in Germany, an [[East Proushie Offensive|overran East Proushie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Glantz|2001|p=85}}.&lt;/ref&gt; On 4 Februar, Soviet, Breetish an US leaders met for the [[Yalta Conference]]. Thay greed on the occupation o post-war Germany, an on whan the Soviet Union wad jyne the war against Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|pp=709–22}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

In Februar, the Soviets [[Silesie Offensives|entered Silesie]] an [[East Pomeranie Offensive|Pomeranie]], while [[Wastren Allied invasion o Germany|Wastren Allies entered wastren Germany]] an closed tae the [[Rhine]] river. Bi Mairch, the Wastren Allies crossed the Rhine [[Operation Plunder|north]] an [[Remagen|sooth]] o the [[Rhine-Ruhr|Ruhr]], [[Ruhr Pocket|encirclin the German Airmy Group B]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Buchanan|2006|p=21}}.&lt;/ref&gt; while the Soviets advanced tae [[Vienna offensive|Vienna]]. In early Apryle, the Wastren Allies feenally [[Ware 1945 offensive in Italy|pushed forrit in Italy]] an soopit athort wastren Germany capturin [[Battle o Hamburg (1945)|Hamburg]] an [[Battle o Nuremberg (1945)|Nuremberg]], while Soviet an Polshforces [[Battle o Berlin|stormed Berlin]] in late Apryle. [[Elbe Day|American an Soviet forces met at the Elbe river]] on 25 Apryle. On 30 Apryle 1945, the [[Reichstag biggin|Reichstag]] wis capturt, seegnallin the militar defeat o Nazi Germany.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shepardson 1998&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Shepardson|1998}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Several chynges in leadership occurred in this period. On 12 Apryle, Preses Roosevelt dee'd an wis succeedit bi [[Harry S. Truman]]. Benito Mussolini [[Daith o Benito Mussolini|wis killt]] bi [[Italian reseestance muivement|Italian pairtisans]] on 28 Apryle.&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Reilly 2001 244&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|O'Reilly|2001||p=244}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Twa days later, [[Daith o Adolf Hitler|Hitler committit suicide]], an wis succeedit bi [[Grand Admiral]] [[Karl Dönitz]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Kershaw|2001|p=823}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

German forces surrendered in Italy on 29 Apryle. [[German Instrument o Surrender|Tot an uncondeetional surrender]] wis signed [[Veectory in Europe Day|on 7 Mey]], tae be effective bi the end o [[Veectory Day (Eastren Front)|8 Mey]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Evans 2008 737&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Evans|2008|p=737}}.&lt;/ref&gt; German Airmy Group Centre [[Prague Offensive|reseestit in Prague]] till 11 Mey.&lt;ref name=&quot;Glantz 1998 34&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Glantz|1998|p=24}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

In the Paceefic theatre, American forces accompanied bi the forces o the [[Philippine Commonweel]] advanced [[Philippines Campaign (1944–1945)|in the Philippines]], [[Battle o Leyte|clearin Leyte]] bi the end o Apryle 1945. Thay [[Battle o Luzon|laundit on Luzon]] in Januar 1945 an [[Battle o Manila (1945)|recapturt Manila]] in Mairch follaein a battle that reduced the ceety tae ruins. Fechtin conteena'd on Luzon, [[Battle o Mindanao|Mindanao]], an ither islands o the Philippines till the [[End o Warld War II in Asie|end o the war]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Chant|first=Christopher|year=1986|title=The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000chan|publisher=Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco0000chan/page/118 118]|isbn=0-7102-0718-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meanwhile, the [[Unitit States Airmy Air Forces]] (USAAF) war destroyin strategic an populatit ceeties an touns in Japan in an effort tae destroy Japanese war industrie an ceevilian morale. On the nicht o 9–10 Mairch, USAAF [[Boeing B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] [[bomber]]s [[Bombin o Tokyo|struck Tokyo]] wi thoosands o [[Incendiary device|incendiary bombs]], that killt 100,000 ceevilians an destroyed {{convert|16|sqmi}} within a few oors. Ower the next five month, the USAAF [[Air raids on Japan|firebombed a tot o 67 Japanese ceeties]], killin 393,000 ceevilians an destroyin 65% o biggit-up auries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=John Dower|title=Lessons from Iwo Jima|journal=Perspectives|year=2007|volume= 45|issue=6|pages=54–56|url=http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2007/0709/index.cfm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On 11 Julie, Allied leaders [[Potsdam Conference|met in Potsdam, Germany]]. Thay [[Potsdam Greement|confirmed earlier greements]] aboot Germany,&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2006 90&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Williams|2006|p=90}}.&lt;/ref&gt; an reiteratit the demand for uncondeetional surrender o aw Japanese forces bi Japan, speceefically statin that &quot;the alternative for Japan is prompt an utter destruction&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miscamble 2007 201&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Miscamble|2007|p=201}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In this conference, the [[Unitit Kinrick general election, 1945|Unitit Kinrick held its general election]], an [[Clement Attlee]] replaced Churchill as Prime Meenister.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miscamble 2007 203_204&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Miscamble|2007|pp=203–4}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Shigemitsu-signs-surrender.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese foreign affairs meenister [[Mamoru Shigemitsu]] signs the [[Japanese Instrument o Surrender]] on buird {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|6}}, 2 September 1945]]

The Allies cried for uncondeetional Japanese surrender in the [[Potsdam Declaration]] o 27 Julie, but the Japanese govrenment rejectit the cry. In early August, the USAAF [[Atomic bombings o Hiroshima an Nagasaki|drappit atomic bombs]] on the Japanese ceeties o [[Hiroshima]] an [[Nagasaki]]. Atween the twa bombins, the Soviets, pursuant tae the Yalta greement, [[Soviet invasion o Manchurie|invadit Japanese-held Manchurie]], an quickly defeatit the [[Kwantung Airmy]], that wis the lairgest Japanese fechtin force.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Glantz|2005}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pape 1993&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Pape|1993}}.&lt;/ref&gt; The Reid Airmy an aw capturt [[Sakhalin]] Island an the [[Kuril Islands]]. On 15 August 1945, [[Surrender o Japan|Japan surrendered]], wi the [[Japanese Instrument o Surrender|surrender documents]] feenally signed at [[Tokyo Bay]] on the deck o the American battleship [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']] on 2 September 1945, endin the war.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beevor 2012 776&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Beevor|2012|p=776}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Eftermath ==
The Allies established occupation admeenistrations in [[Allied-occupied Austrick|Austrick]] an [[Allied-occupied Germany|Germany]]. The umwhile becam a neutral state, non-aligned wi ony poleetical bloc. The latter wis dividit intae wastren an eastren occupation zones controlled bi the Wastren Allies an the USSR, accordinly. A [[denazification]] programme in Germany led tae the [[Nuremberg trials|prosecution o Nazi war criminals]] an the remuival o ex-Nazis frae power, awtho this policy muived taewart amnesty an re-integration o ex-Nazis intae Wast German society.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frei 2002 41_66&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Frei|2002|pp=41–66}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

In an effort tae mainteen [[warld peace]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Yoder 1997 39&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Yoder|1997|p=39}}.&lt;/ref&gt; the Allies formed the [[Unitit Naitions]], that offeecially cam intae exeestence on 24 October 1945,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm |title=History of the UN |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=25 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218221016/http://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm |archivedate=18 February 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; an adoptit the [[Universal Declaration o Human Richts]] in 1948, as a common staundart for aw [[Member states o the Unitit Naitions|member naitions]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Waltz 2002&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Waltz|2002}}.&lt;br /&gt;
The UDHR is viewable here [https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/].&lt;/ref&gt;

Post-war diveesion o the warld wis formalised bi twa internaitional militar alliances, the Unitit States-led [[NATO]] an the Soviet-led [[Warsaw Pact]];&lt;ref name=&quot;Borstelmann 2005 318&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Borstelmann|2005|p=318}}.&lt;/ref&gt; the lang period o poleetical tensions an militar competeetion atween them, the [[Cauld War]], wad be accompanied bi an unprecedentit [[airms race]] an [[proxy war]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Leffler|Westad|2010}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Korea]], umwhile [[Korea unner Japanese rule|unner Japanese rule]], wis [[Diveesion o Korea|dividit an occupied]] bi the Soviet Union in the [[North Korea|North]] an the US in the [[Sooth Korea|Sooth]] atween 1945 an 1948. Separate republics emerged on baith sides o the 38t parallel in 1948, ilk claimin tae be the legitimate govrenment for aw o Korea, that led ultimately tae the [[Korean War]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Stueck|2010}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

In Cheenae, naitionalist an communist forces resumed [[Cheenese Ceevil War|the ceevil war]] in Juin 1946. Communist forces war veectorious an established the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae on the mainland, while naitionalist forces retreatit tae [[Taiwan]] in 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lynch 2010 12_13&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Lynch|2010|pp=12–3}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impact ==

=== Casualties an war crimes ===
Estimates fur the tot nummer o casualties in the war varies, acause mony diaths went wanrecordit. Maist suggests that some 60 million fowk dee'd in the war, includin aboot [[Battle casualties o Warld War II|20 million militar personnel]] an 40 million ceevilians.&lt;ref name=&quot;WWII: C&amp;C&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Prof. Joseph V |title=World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937–1945) |url=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004221/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html |archivedate=25 December 2010 |work=Obee's History Page |publisher=John Jay College of Criminal Justice |accessdate=28 December 2013|df=dmy-all }} {{Cite web |url=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-06-02 |archive-date=2010-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225004221/http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Matthew|last=White|title=Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm#Second|work=Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century|publisher=Matthew White's Homepage|accessdate=20 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=World War II Fatalities|url=http://secondworldwar.co.uk/index.php/fatalities|publisher=secondworldwar.co.uk|accessdate=20 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Mony o the ceevilians dee'd acause o deliberate [[genocide]], [[Leet o massacres|massacres]], [[Strategic bombin in Warld War II|mass-bombins]], [[Infectious disease|disease]], an [[stairvation]].

[[File:Chinese civilians to be buried alive.jpg|thumb|Cheenese civilians bein buiried alive bi sodgers o the [[Imperial Japanese Airmy]], in the [[Nanking Massacre]], December 1937]]

In Asie an the Paceefic, atween 3 million an mair nor 10 million ceevilians, maistly Cheenese (estimatit at 7.5 million&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Dear|Foot|2001|p=290}}.&lt;/ref&gt;), wis killt bi the Japanese occupation forces.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM|title=Statistics|last=Rummell|first=R. J|work=Freedom, Democide, War|publisher=The University of Hawaii System|accessdate=25 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; The best-kent Japanese atrocity wis the [[Nanking Massacre]], in that fifty tae three hunder thoosand Cheenese ceevilians war raped an murthert.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Chang|1997|p=102}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Mitsuyoshi Himeta reportit that 2.7 million casualties occurred in the ''[[Three Alls Policy|Sankō Sakusen]]''. General [[Yasuji Okamura]] implementit the policy in Heipei an [[Shantung]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Bix|2000|p=?}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Soviet Union wis responsible for the [[Katyn massacre]] o 22,000 Pols officers,&lt;ref&gt;Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). &quot;Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre&quot;. Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Retrieved 4 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; an the impreesonment or execution o thoosands o poleetical preesoners bi the [[NKVD]],&lt;ref&gt;Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 {{ISBN|1-4000-4005-1}} p. 391&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Genocide an concentration camps ===
The German govrenment led bi [[Adolf Hitler]] an the [[Nazi Pairty]] wis responsible for [[the Holocaust]] (killin o thareaboot 6 million Jews), as weel as fur killin o 2.7 million ethnic [[Nazi crimes agin the Pols nation|Poles]],&lt;ref&gt;Institute of National Remembrance, Polska 1939–1945 Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Materski an Szarota. page 9 ''&quot;Total Polish population losses under German occupation are currently calculated at about 2 770 000&quot;''.&lt;/ref&gt; an 4 million ithers that war deemed &quot;[[life unworthy o life|unworthy o life]]&quot; (includin the [[Disabeelity|disabled]] an [[Mental disorder|mentally ill]], [[German mistreatment o Soviet preesoners o war|Soviet preesoners o war]], [[homosexuals]], [[Freemasons]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], an [[Romani fowk|Romani]]) as pairt o a programme o deliberate extermination. [[German mistreatment o Soviet preesoners o war|Soviet POWs]] wis kept in especially unbeirable condeetion, an, awtho thair extermination wisnae an offeecial goal, 3.6 million o Soviet POWs oot o 5.7 dee'd in Nazi camps in the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Herbert|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=M7Y9AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA222 222]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Overy 2004 568_569&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Overy|2004|pp=568–9}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In addeetion tae [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camps]], [[Extermination camp|daith camps]] wis creatit in Nazi Germany fur tae exterminate fowk at an industrial scale.

==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
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:{{Cite book|last=Polley|first=Martin&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2000|title=An A–Z of Modern Europe Since 1789|location=London and New York, NY|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-18597-4|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|last=Ratcliff|first=R. A.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2006|title=Delusions of Intelligence: Enigma, Ultra, and the End of Secure Ciphers|url=https://archive.org/details/delusionsofintel0000ratc|location=New York, NY|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-85522-8|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Read|first=Anthony&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2004|title=The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle|url=https://archive.org/details/devilsdisciplesh00read|location=New York, NY|publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]|isbn=978-0-393-04800-1|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|last=Rees|first=Laurence&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=Laurence Rees|year=2008|title=World War II Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West|location=London|publisher=[[BBC Books]]|isbn=978-0-563-49335-8|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|editor-last=Schain|editor-first=Martin A.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2001|title=The Marshall Plan Fifty Years Later|location=London|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-0-333-92983-4|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jay&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2009|title=The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China|url=https://archive.org/details/generalissimochi00tayl|location=Cambridge,&amp;nbsp;MA|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=978-0-674-03338-2|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|last=Trachtenberg|first=Marc&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=Marc Trachtenberg|year=1999|title=A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963|location=Princeton,&amp;nbsp;NJ|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-00273-6|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|author=United States Army&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=United States Army|year=1986|origyear=1953|title=The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941)|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[Department of the Army]]|ref=CITEREFUS_Army1986|access-date=2018-06-02|archive-date=2009-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619234443/http://history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm|url-status=dead}}
:{{Cite journal|last=Waltz|first=Susan&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=Susan Waltz|year=2002|title=Reclaiming and Rebuilding the History of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2002_23_3/page/437|journal=[[Third World Quarterly]]|volume=23|issue=3|pages=437–448|jstor=3993535|doi=10.1080/01436590220138378|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Ward|first=Thomas A.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2010|title=Aerospace Propulsion Systems|location=Singapore|publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]|isbn=978-0-470-82497-9|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=William E.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=William E. Watson|year=2003|title=Tricolor and Crescent: France and the Islamic World|url=https://archive.org/details/tricolorcrescent0000wats|location=Westport,&amp;nbsp;CT|publisher=[[Praeger Publishers|Praeger]]|isbn=0-275-97470-7|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Weinberg|first=Gerhard L.| authorlink=Gerhard Weinberg&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2005|title=A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-85316-3|ref=harv}}; comprehensive overview with emphasis on diplomacy
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:{{Cite journal|last=Wilt|first=Alan F.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=Alan F. Wilt|year=1981|title=Hitler's Late Summer Pause in 1941|journal=Military Affairs|volume=45|issue=4|pages=187–91|jstor=1987464|doi=10.2307/1987464|ref=harv}}
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:{{Cite book|last=Wolf|first=Holger C.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=1993|chapter=The Lucky Miracle: Germany 1945–1951|title=''In [[Rudi Dornbusch|Rudiger Dornbusch]], Wilhelm Nölling and [[Richard Layard, Baron Layard|Richard Layard]], eds.,'' Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today ''(pp.&amp;nbsp;29–56)''|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|isbn=978-0-262-04136-2|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Wood|first=James&amp;nbsp;B.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2007|title=Japanese Military Strategy in the Pacific War: Was Defeat Inevitable?|location=Lanham, MD|publisher=[[Rowman &amp; Littlefield]]|isbn=978-0-7425-5339-2|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Yoder|first=Amos&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=1997|title=The Evolution of the United Nations System|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionofunite0000yode|edition=3rd|location=London &amp; Washington,&amp;nbsp;DC|publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]]|isbn=1-56032-546-1|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Zalampas|first=Michael&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=1989|title=Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich in American magazines, 1923–1939|publisher=Bowling Green University Popular Press|isbn=0-87972-462-5|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last=Zaloga|first=Steven&amp;nbsp;J.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|authorlink=Steven Zaloga|year=1996|title=Bagration 1944: The Destruction of Army Group Centre|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-85532-478-7|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|author=———|year=2002|title=Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-84176-408-5|ref=CITEREFZaloga2002}}
: Zeiler, Thomas W. and Daniel M. DuBois, eds. ''A Companion to World War II'' (2 vol 2013), 1030pp; comprehensive overview by scholars
:{{Cite book|last=Zeiler|first=Thomas W.&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|year=2004|title=Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End of World War II|url=https://archive.org/details/unconditionaldef0000zeil|location=Wilmington, DE|publisher=Scholarly Resources|isbn=978-0-8420-2991-9|ref=harv}}
:{{Cite book|last1=Zetterling|first1=Niklas&lt;!--was small caps--&gt;|last2=Tamelander|first2=Michael|year=2009|title=''Bismarck'': The Final Days of Germany's Greatest Battleship|location=Drexel Hill,&amp;nbsp;PA|publisher=[[Casemate Publishers|Casemate]]|isbn=978-1-935149-04-0|ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1939]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1940]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1941]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1942]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1943]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1944]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1945]]
[[Category:Global conflicts]]
[[Category:History o Montenegro]]
[[Category:History o the Soviet Union an Soviet Roushie]]
[[Category:History o the Unitit States (1918–45)]]
[[Category:Modren Europe]]
[[Category:Modren history]]
[[Category:Nuclear warfare]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Albanie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Australie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Austrick]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Belgium]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Bolivie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Brazil]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Breetish Indie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Bulgarie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Burma]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Cambodie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Canadae]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Chile]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Colombie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Croatie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Cuba]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Czechoslovakie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Denmark]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Ecuador]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Egyp]]
[[Category:Wars involvin El Salvador]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Estonie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Ethiopie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Finland]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Fraunce]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Germany]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Greece]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Guatemala]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Haiti]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Honduras]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Hungary]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Iceland]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Indonesie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Italy]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Iran]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Iraq]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Japan]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Laos]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Latvie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Lebanon]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Liberie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Lithuanie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Mexico]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Mongolie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Montenegro]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Nepal]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Norawa]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Panama]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Paraguay]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Peru]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Poland]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Romanie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Saudi Arabie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Serbie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Slovakie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Slovenie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Sirie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Thailand]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Turkey]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Philippines]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Republic o Cheenae]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Republic o Macedonie]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Wars involvin the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Uruguay]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Venezuela]]
[[Category:Wars involvin Vietnam]]
[[Category:Warld War II|*]]</text>
      <sha1>5orv8lfcr4o4ctvbb86sycwbs2avh12</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Balkans</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56472</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869935</id>
      <parentid>792192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T23:35:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>79721</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20220824)) #IABot (v2.0.9) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3120" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox peninsulas
|name =
|local name = {{Collapsible list|framestyle=border:none; padding:0;|title='''&lt;center&gt;&lt;big&gt;Balkan Peninsulae&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/center&gt;'''
  |1 = &lt;center&gt;{{lang|ro|''Peninsula Balcanică''}} {{an icon}}&lt;/center&gt;}}
|image name = 
|image caption = 
|image alt = The Balkan Peninsulae, as defined bi the [[Soča]]–[[Vipava (river)|Vipava]]–[[Krka River (Slovenie)|Krka]]–[[Sava River|Sava]]–[[Danube]] border
|locator map = Balkan topo en.jpg
|location = [[Soothren Europe|Soothren]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;&amp;nbsp;[[Central Europe|Central&amp;nbsp;Europe]]
|coordinates = 
|area_km2 = 
|highest mount = Musala
|elevation_m =  2925
|Country heading = Sovereign states an dependent territories
|country = {{Flag|Serbie}}
|country largest city = [[Belgrade]]
|country 1= {{Flag|Albanie}}
|country 1 largest city = [[Tirana]]
|country 2 = {{Flag|Bosnie an Herzegovinae}}
|country 2 largest city = [[Sarajevo]]
|country 3 = {{Flag|Bulgarie}}
|country 3 largest city = [[Sofia]]
|country 4 = {{Flag|Greece}}
|country 4 largest city = [[Athens]]
|country 5 = {{Flag|Kosovo}}
|country 5 largest city = [[Pristina]]
|country 6 = {{Flag|Macedonie}}
|country 6 largest city = [[Skopje]]
|country 7 = {{Flag|Montenegro}}
|country 7 largest city = [[Podgorica]]
|country 8 = {{Flag|Romanie}}
|country 8 largest city = [[Bucharest]]
|country 8 = {{Flag|Turkey}}
|country 8 largest city = [[Istanbul]]
|density_km2 = 
|demonym = Balkan
|population = about 60 mln
|citicenships = [[Albanies|Albanie]], [[Bulgaries|Bulgarie]]&lt;small&gt;[[Turkis fowk|Turkis]]&lt;/small&gt;, [[Greeks|Greek]], [[Romanies|Romanie]]&lt;small&gt;([[Aromanians|Aromanian]] an [[Hungarians|Hungarian]]&lt;/small&gt;
}}
The '''Balkan Peninsulae''', popularly referred tae as '''the Balkans''', is a geografical an cultural region o [[Sootheast Europe]]. The region haes its name frae the [[Balkan Muntains]] that stretch frae the east o [[Bulgarie]] tae the vera east o [[Serbie]].

The region is maistly inhabitit bi [[Slavs|Slavic ethnic groups]] ([[Bulgaries]], [[Macedonies (ethnic group)|Macedonies]], [[Serbs]], [[Croats]], [[Gorani fowk|Gorani]], [[Montenegrins]], [[Bosniaks]], [[Bunjevci]]), bi [[Romanies]] an aw, [[Greeks]], [[Turkis fowk|Turks]], [[Albanies]], an ither ethnic groups which present minorities in certaint kintras lik [[Romani fowk]] (Gypsies), [[Aromanies]], [[Ashkali]] etc.&lt;ref name=&quot;EB&quot;&gt;''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' - [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/50325/Balkans Balkans]&lt;/ref&gt; The lairgest releegion on the Balkans is [[Orthodox Christianity]], follaeed bi [[Catholic Christianity]]  an [[Sunni Islam]].&lt;ref name=okey&gt;{{cite book | first=Robin |last=Okey | title=Taming Balkan Nationalism | url=https://archive.org/details/tamingbalkannati0000okey | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Freemit airtins ==
{{commons|Balkans}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Balkan Peninsula}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Balkans| ]]
[[Category:Peninsulaes o Europe]]
[[Category:Regions o Europe]]
[[Category:Eastren Europe]]
[[Category:Turkis wirds an phrases]]</text>
      <sha1>p7vki2nep50hhvkj9yh0o6cavwpunkf</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olivia Newton-John</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869929</id>
      <parentid>869600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T19:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed lots of spelling and grammarical errors.0</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11396" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name= Olivia Newton-John
| image = Olivia Newton John 2012.jpg
| caption = Newton-John attending the premiere of ''[[A Few Best Men]]'' in Sydney, Australie, 2012.
| image_size =
| signature = Olivia Newton-John signature (cropped).jpg
| background = solo_singer
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|9|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], Cambridgeshire, [[Ingland]], UK
| death_date = 8 August 2022 (aged 73)
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
| origin = [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australie
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster
* sangwriter
* actress
* entrepreneur
}}
| years_active = 1963–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Matt Lattanzi|1984|1995|reason=divorcit}}&lt;br&gt;{{marriage|John Easterling|2008}}
| children = 1
| module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
* [[Kintra muisic|kintra]]
* [[soft rock]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Uni Records|Uni]]
* [[MCA Records|MCA]]
* [[EMI Records|EMI]]
* [[Pye Records|Pye]]
* [[Festival Records|Festival]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Cliff Richard]]
* [[John Travolta]]
* [[Electric Light Orchestra]]
* [[John Farrar]]
* [[Helen Reddy]]
* [[Bruce Welch]]
}}
| website = {{URL|olivianewton-john.com}}
}}
}}

'''Olivia Newton-John''', [[Order of Australia|AO]], [[Order o the British Empire|OBE]] (born 26 September 1948; died 8 August 2022) was a British-born Australia singer, songwriter, and actress. She was a four-time [[Grammy award]] winner who has amassed five No. 1 and ten other Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo7xm-X1r4C&amp;pg=PA334&amp;dq=%22olivia+newton%22&amp;lr=|isbn=978-0-87930-475-1|title=All Music Guide to Country|first=Michael|last=Erlewine|publisher=Miller Freeman Books|location=San Francisco|year=1997|accessdate=13 August 2010|page=334}}&lt;/ref&gt; and two No. 1 Billboard 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. Her music has been successful in multiple genres including pop, [[Kintra music|kintra]], and [[adult contemporary]] adn has sold an estimated [[:en:List of best-selling music artists|100 million records worldwide]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/281840/Olivia-Newton-John-Why-I-got-married-in-secret-at-60|title=Olivia Newton-John: Why I got married in secret at 60|first=Garth|last=Pearce|work=[[Daily Express]]|date=5 December 2011|accessdate=18 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She co-starred wi [[John Travolta]] in the film adaptation o the Broadway musical ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'', which featured and one of the most successful [[:en:Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture|soondtracks]] in Hollywood history.

Newton-John has been a long-time activist for environmental and animal rights issues. Since surviving breast cancer in 1992,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QqtinbjO0oEC&amp;pg=PA172&amp;dq=%22olivia+newton%22&amp;lr=&amp;as_brr=3#PPA173,M1 |title=1001 Australians You Should Know |publisher=Google Books |accessdate=13 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; she has been an advocate for health awareness becoming involved with various charities, health products and fundraising efforts. Her business interests have included launching several product lines for Koala Blue an co-ownin the Gaia Retreat &amp; Spa in Australia.

Newton-John has been married twice. She currently lives with her second husband, John Easterling, in [[Jupiter Inlet Colony]], [[Florida]]. She is the mother of one daughter, [[Chloe Rose Lattanzi]], with her first husband, actor [[Matt Lattanzi]]. Her grandfather was the quantum physicist and
 Nobel laureate [[Max Born]].

== Discografie ==
{{Main|Olivia Newton-John discografie}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* ''[[If Not for You (album)|If Not for You]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album)|Olivia]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Let Me Be There (album)|Let Me Be There]]'' (1973)&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
* ''[[Long Live Love]]'' (1974)
* ''[[If You Love Me, Let Me Know]]'' (1974)&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
* ''[[Have You Never Been Mellow]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Clearly Love]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Come on Over (Olivia Newton-John album)|Come on Over]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Don't Stop Believin' (Olivia Newton-John album)|Don't Stop Believin']]'' (1976)
* ''[[Making a Good Thing Better]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Totally Hot]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Physical (album)|Physical]]'' (1981)

{{col-2}}
* ''[[Soul Kiss]]'' (1985)
* ''[[The Rumour (album)|The Rumour]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Warm and Tender (Olivia Newton-John album)|Warm and Tender]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Gaia: One Woman's Journey]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Back with a Heart]]'' (1998)
* ''[['Tis the Season (Vince Gill and Olivia Newton-John album)|'Tis the Season]]'' (2000)
* ''[[(2)]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Indigo: Women of Song]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Stronger Than Before]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Grace and Gratitude]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Christmas Wish (Olivia Newton-John album)|Christmas Wish]]'' (2007)
* ''[[A Celebration in Song]]'' (2008)
* ''[[This Christmas (John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John album)|This Christmas]]'' (2012)
* ''Liv On'' (2016)
* ''Friends for Christmas'' (2016)
{{col-end}}

'''Notes''':
* '''a''': Released with a different track listing in the North America. Also released in certain territories as ''Music Makes My Day''.
* '''b''': North American release of ''Long Live Love''. Also features tracks from previous releases and the new title track.

==Filmografie==
{{See also|Olivia Newton-John discografie#Videografie}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Funny Things Happen Down Under]]'' || Olivia || Supportin role
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Toomorrow (film)|Toomorrow]]'' || Olivia || Lead role
|-
| 1972 || ''The Case'' || Hersel || BBC2 TV special w/Cliff Richard &amp; Tim Brooke-Taylor
|-
| 1976 || ''A Special Olivia Newton-John'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1977 || ''Only Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1978 || ''Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'' || Sandy Olsson || Lead role
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1980 || ''[[Xanadu (film)|Xanadu]]'' || [[Terpsichore|Kira]] || Lead role
|-
| ''Hollywood Nights'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Two of a Kind (1983 film)|Two of a Kind]]'' || Debbie Wylder || Lead role
|-
| 1988 || ''[[She's Having a Baby]]'' || Hersel || Cameo
|-
| 1989 || ''Mothers &amp; Others'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1990 || ''[[A Mom for Christmas]]'' || Amy Miller || Lead role in television film
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare]]'' || Hersel || Cameo 
|-
| 1994 || ''A Christmas Romance'' || Julia Stonecypher  || Lead role in television film
|-
| 1996 || ''[[It's My Party (film)|It's My Party]]'' || Lina Bingham  || Supporting role
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Sordid Lives]]'' || Bitsy Mae Harling || Supporting role
|-
| 2001 || ''The Wilde Girls'' || Jasmine Wilde || Lead role in television film
|-
| 2002 || ''A Night with Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 2003 || ''Live in Japan '03'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Sordid Lives: The Series]]'' || Bitsy Mae Harling || Supportin role in TV Series
|-
| 2009 || ''Kathy Griffin: My Life On The D-List'' || Hersel || Guest appearance
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2010 || ''[[1 a Minute]]'' || Hersel || Documentar
|-
| ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' || Hersel || Special guest – 2 episodes: &quot;[[Bad Reputation (Glee)|Bad Reputation]]&quot; and &quot;[[Journey (Glee)|Journey]]&quot;
|-
| ''[[Score: A Hockey Musical]]'' || Hope Gordon || Supportin role
|-
| 2011 || ''[[A Few Best Men]]'' || Barbara Ramme || Supportin role
|}

==Awairds an honours==
{{Main|Leet o awairds an honors receivit bi Olivia Newton-John}}

==Tours==
{{Main|List of Olivia Newton-John concert tours}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* If Not for You Tour (1972)
* Clearly Love Tour (1975)
* Love Performance Tour (1976)
* [[Totally Hot World Tour]] (1978)
* [[Physical Tour]] (1982–83)
* [[The Main Event Tour]] (1998)
* Greatest Hits Tour (1999)
* One Woman's Live Journey Tour (1999)
* Millennium Tour (2000)

{{col-2}}
* [[30 Musical Years Tour]] (2001)
* [[Heartstrings World Tour]] (2002–05)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2006 World Tour|2006 World Tour]] (2006)
* [[Grace and Gratitude Tour]] (2006)
* [[Body Heart &amp; Spirit Tour]] (2007)
* [[An Evening with Olivia Newton-John]] (2007–09)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2010 World Tour|2010 World Tour]] (2010)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2011 United States Tour|2011 United States Tour]] (2011)
* [[A Summer Night with Olivia Newton-John]] (2012)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2013 UK Tour|2013 UK Tour]] (2013)
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliografie==
* Olivia (The Biography of Olivia Newton-John), Tim Ewbank. (2008). Piatkus books. ISBN 978-0-7499-0983-3.
* Wood, Gerry. (1998). &quot;Olivia Newton-John.&quot; In ''The Encyclopedia of Country Music.'' Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;380–1.
* The Story of the Shadows by Mike Read. 1983. Elm Tree books. ISBN 0-241-10861-6.
* Rock 'n' Roll, I Gave You The Best Years Of My Life – A Life In The Shadows by Bruce Welch ISBN 0-670-82705-3 (Penguin Books).

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Olivia Newton-John}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.olivianewton-john.com}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5023}}
* {{IMDb name|556}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Cliff Richard]]&lt;br&gt;with ''&quot;[[Power to All Our Friends]]&quot;''
| title  = [[UK in the Eurovision Song Contest]]
| years  = [[Eurovision Song Contest 1974|1974]]
| after  = [[The Shadows]]&lt;br&gt;with ''&quot;[[Let Me Be the One (Eurovision song)|Let Me Be the One]]&quot;''
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Olivia Newton-John}}
{{Olivia Newton-John singles}}
{{Grammy Award for Record of the Year 1970s}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Billboard Year-End number one singles 1980–1999}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newton-John, Olivia}}
[[Category:Olivia Newton-John| ]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2022 daiths]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Melbourne]]
[[Category:ARIA Award winners]]
[[Category:ARIA Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Australie country sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Australie expatriate actresses in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Australie female sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie film actresses]]
[[Category:Australia Living Treasures]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o German strynd]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o German-Jewish strynd]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o Welsh strynd]]
[[Category:Australie pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:Breast cancer survivors]]
[[Category:Breetish Eurovision Sang Contest entrants]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Inglis emigrants tae Australie]]
[[Category:Eurovision Sang Contest entrants o 1974]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:MCA Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Australie]]
[[Category:Officers o the Order o Australie]]
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cambridge]]
[[Category:Pye Records airtists]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae Melbourne]]
[[Category:Uni Records airtists]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at University High School (Melbourne)]]
[[Category:Pairticipants in Coming Home]]</text>
      <sha1>82o8tynanazj39izd31vr5od8ieob3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869930</id>
      <parentid>869929</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T20:13:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ondae reveesion 869929 bi [[Special:Contributions/2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884|2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884]] ([[User talk:2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884|Tauk]])Gee, it's as tho iss isna the Inglis wiki</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11379" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name= Olivia Newton-John
| image = Olivia Newton John 2012.jpg
| caption = Newton-John attending the premiere of ''[[A Few Best Men]]'' in Sydney, Australie, 2012.
| image_size =
| signature = Olivia Newton-John signature (cropped).jpg
| background = solo_singer
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|9|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cambridge]], Cambridgeshire, [[Ingland]], UK
| death_date = 8 August 2022 (aged 73)
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
| origin = [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australie
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Sangster
* sangwriter
* actress
* entrepreneur
}}
| years_active = 1963–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Matt Lattanzi|1984|1995|reason=divorcit}}&lt;br&gt;{{marriage|John Easterling|2008}}
| children = 1
| module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop muisic|Pop]]
* [[Kintra muisic|kintra]]
* [[soft rock]]
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Uni Records|Uni]]
* [[MCA Records|MCA]]
* [[EMI Records|EMI]]
* [[Pye Records|Pye]]
* [[Festival Records|Festival]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[Cliff Richard]]
* [[John Travolta]]
* [[Electric Light Orchestra]]
* [[John Farrar]]
* [[Helen Reddy]]
* [[Bruce Welch]]
}}
| website = {{URL|olivianewton-john.com}}
}}
}}

'''Olivia Newton-John''', [[Order of Australia|AO]], [[Order o the Breetish Empire|OBE]] (born 26 September 1948; deed 8 August 2022) wis a Breetish-born Australie sangster, sangwriter, an actress. She wis a foou-time [[Grammy award]] winner who haes amassed five No. 1 an ten ither Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7Mo7xm-X1r4C&amp;pg=PA334&amp;dq=%22olivia+newton%22&amp;lr=|isbn=978-0-87930-475-1|title=All Music Guide to Country|first=Michael|last=Erlewine|publisher=Miller Freeman Books|location=San Francisco|year=1997|accessdate=13 August 2010|page=334}}&lt;/ref&gt; an twa No. 1 Billboard 200 solo albums. Eleiven o her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (includin twa platinum an fower double platinum) hae been certifeed gowd bi the RIAA. Her muisic haes been successful in multiple genres includin pop, [[Kintra muisic|kintra]], an [[adult contemporary]] an haes sauld a estimatit [[:en:List of best-selling music artists|100 million records warldwide]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/281840/Olivia-Newton-John-Why-I-got-married-in-secret-at-60|title=Olivia Newton-John: Why I got married in secret at 60|first=Garth|last=Pearce|work=[[Daily Express]]|date=5 December 2011|accessdate=18 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; She co-starred wi [[John Travolta]] in the film adaptation o the Broadway muisical ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'', which featured ane o the maist successful [[:en:Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture|soondtracks]] in Hollywood history.

Newton-John haes been a lang-time activist for environmental an animal richts issues. Syne survivin breast cancer in 1992,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QqtinbjO0oEC&amp;pg=PA172&amp;dq=%22olivia+newton%22&amp;lr=&amp;as_brr=3#PPA173,M1 |title=1001 Australians You Should Know |publisher=Google Books |accessdate=13 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; she haes been a advocate for halth awareness becomin involvit wi various charities, halth products an fundraisin efforts. Her business interests hae includit launchin several product lines for Koala Blue an co-awnin the Gaia Retreat &amp; Spa in Australie.

Newton-John haes been marriet twice. She currently lives wi her seicont husband, John Easterling, in [[Jupiter Inlet Colony]], [[Florida]]. She is the mither o ane dochter, [[Chloe Rose Lattanzi]], wi her first husband, actor [[Matt Lattanzi]]. Her grandfaither wis the quantum pheesicist an Nobel laureate [[Max Born]].

== Discografie ==
{{Main|Olivia Newton-John discografie}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* ''[[If Not for You (album)|If Not for You]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Olivia (Olivia Newton-John album)|Olivia]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Let Me Be There (album)|Let Me Be There]]'' (1973)&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
* ''[[Long Live Love]]'' (1974)
* ''[[If You Love Me, Let Me Know]]'' (1974)&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;
* ''[[Have You Never Been Mellow]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Clearly Love]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Come on Over (Olivia Newton-John album)|Come on Over]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Don't Stop Believin' (Olivia Newton-John album)|Don't Stop Believin']]'' (1976)
* ''[[Making a Good Thing Better]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Totally Hot]]'' (1978)
* ''[[Physical (album)|Physical]]'' (1981)

{{col-2}}
* ''[[Soul Kiss]]'' (1985)
* ''[[The Rumour (album)|The Rumour]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Warm and Tender (Olivia Newton-John album)|Warm and Tender]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Gaia: One Woman's Journey]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Back with a Heart]]'' (1998)
* ''[['Tis the Season (Vince Gill and Olivia Newton-John album)|'Tis the Season]]'' (2000)
* ''[[(2)]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Indigo: Women of Song]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Stronger Than Before]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Grace and Gratitude]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Christmas Wish (Olivia Newton-John album)|Christmas Wish]]'' (2007)
* ''[[A Celebration in Song]]'' (2008)
* ''[[This Christmas (John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John album)|This Christmas]]'' (2012)
* ''Liv On'' (2016)
* ''Friends for Christmas'' (2016)
{{col-end}}

'''Notes''':
* '''a''': Released with a different track listing in the North America. Also released in certain territories as ''Music Makes My Day''.
* '''b''': North American release of ''Long Live Love''. Also features tracks from previous releases and the new title track.

==Filmografie==
{{See also|Olivia Newton-John discografie#Videografie}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Funny Things Happen Down Under]]'' || Olivia || Supportin role
|-
| 1970 || ''[[Toomorrow (film)|Toomorrow]]'' || Olivia || Lead role
|-
| 1972 || ''The Case'' || Hersel || BBC2 TV special w/Cliff Richard &amp; Tim Brooke-Taylor
|-
| 1976 || ''A Special Olivia Newton-John'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1977 || ''Only Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1978 || ''Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'' || Sandy Olsson || Lead role
|-
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1980 || ''[[Xanadu (film)|Xanadu]]'' || [[Terpsichore|Kira]] || Lead role
|-
| ''Hollywood Nights'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Two of a Kind (1983 film)|Two of a Kind]]'' || Debbie Wylder || Lead role
|-
| 1988 || ''[[She's Having a Baby]]'' || Hersel || Cameo
|-
| 1989 || ''Mothers &amp; Others'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 1990 || ''[[A Mom for Christmas]]'' || Amy Miller || Lead role in television film
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Madonna: Truth or Dare]]'' || Hersel || Cameo 
|-
| 1994 || ''A Christmas Romance'' || Julia Stonecypher  || Lead role in television film
|-
| 1996 || ''[[It's My Party (film)|It's My Party]]'' || Lina Bingham  || Supporting role
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Sordid Lives]]'' || Bitsy Mae Harling || Supporting role
|-
| 2001 || ''The Wilde Girls'' || Jasmine Wilde || Lead role in television film
|-
| 2002 || ''A Night with Olivia'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 2003 || ''Live in Japan '03'' || Hersel || TV special
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Sordid Lives: The Series]]'' || Bitsy Mae Harling || Supportin role in TV Series
|-
| 2009 || ''Kathy Griffin: My Life On The D-List'' || Hersel || Guest appearance
|-
|rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 2010 || ''[[1 a Minute]]'' || Hersel || Documentar
|-
| ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]'' || Hersel || Special guest – 2 episodes: &quot;[[Bad Reputation (Glee)|Bad Reputation]]&quot; and &quot;[[Journey (Glee)|Journey]]&quot;
|-
| ''[[Score: A Hockey Musical]]'' || Hope Gordon || Supportin role
|-
| 2011 || ''[[A Few Best Men]]'' || Barbara Ramme || Supportin role
|}

==Awairds an honours==
{{Main|Leet o awairds an honors receivit bi Olivia Newton-John}}

==Tours==
{{Main|List of Olivia Newton-John concert tours}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* If Not for You Tour (1972)
* Clearly Love Tour (1975)
* Love Performance Tour (1976)
* [[Totally Hot World Tour]] (1978)
* [[Physical Tour]] (1982–83)
* [[The Main Event Tour]] (1998)
* Greatest Hits Tour (1999)
* One Woman's Live Journey Tour (1999)
* Millennium Tour (2000)

{{col-2}}
* [[30 Musical Years Tour]] (2001)
* [[Heartstrings World Tour]] (2002–05)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2006 World Tour|2006 World Tour]] (2006)
* [[Grace and Gratitude Tour]] (2006)
* [[Body Heart &amp; Spirit Tour]] (2007)
* [[An Evening with Olivia Newton-John]] (2007–09)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2010 World Tour|2010 World Tour]] (2010)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2011 United States Tour|2011 United States Tour]] (2011)
* [[A Summer Night with Olivia Newton-John]] (2012)
* [[Olivia Newton-John 2013 UK Tour|2013 UK Tour]] (2013)
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliografie==
* Olivia (The Biography of Olivia Newton-John), Tim Ewbank. (2008). Piatkus books. ISBN 978-0-7499-0983-3.
* Wood, Gerry. (1998). &quot;Olivia Newton-John.&quot; In ''The Encyclopedia of Country Music.'' Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;380–1.
* The Story of the Shadows by Mike Read. 1983. Elm Tree books. ISBN 0-241-10861-6.
* Rock 'n' Roll, I Gave You The Best Years Of My Life – A Life In The Shadows by Bruce Welch ISBN 0-670-82705-3 (Penguin Books).

== Freemit airtins ==
{{Commons category|Olivia Newton-John}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.olivianewton-john.com}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5023}}
* {{IMDb name|556}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{Succession box
| before = [[Cliff Richard]]&lt;br&gt;with ''&quot;[[Power to All Our Friends]]&quot;''
| title  = [[UK in the Eurovision Song Contest]]
| years  = [[Eurovision Song Contest 1974|1974]]
| after  = [[The Shadows]]&lt;br&gt;with ''&quot;[[Let Me Be the One (Eurovision song)|Let Me Be the One]]&quot;''
}}
{{S-end}}

{{Olivia Newton-John}}
{{Olivia Newton-John singles}}
{{Grammy Award for Record of the Year 1970s}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Billboard Year-End number one singles 1980–1999}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Newton-John, Olivia}}
[[Category:Olivia Newton-John| ]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2022 daiths]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Melbourne]]
[[Category:ARIA Award winners]]
[[Category:ARIA Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Australie country sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie dance muisickers]]
[[Category:Australie expatriate actresses in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Australie female sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie film actresses]]
[[Category:Australia Living Treasures]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o German strynd]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o German-Jewish strynd]]
[[Category:Australie fowk o Welsh strynd]]
[[Category:Australie pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Australie televeesion actresses]]
[[Category:Breast cancer survivors]]
[[Category:Breetish Eurovision Sang Contest entrants]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Inglis emigrants tae Australie]]
[[Category:Eurovision Sang Contest entrants o 1974]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:MCA Records airtists]]
[[Category:Muisickers frae Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Australie]]
[[Category:Officers o the Order o Australie]]
[[Category:Officers o the Order o the Breetish Empire]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cambridge]]
[[Category:Pye Records airtists]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae Melbourne]]
[[Category:Uni Records airtists]]
[[Category:Fowk eddicatit at University High School (Melbourne)]]
[[Category:Pairticipants in Coming Home]]</text>
      <sha1>icovps37k9afczs1r5v7scvtbw5ac9z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FC Barcelona</title>
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      <text bytes="15664" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Barcelona
| image = FC Barcelona (crest).svg
| fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona&lt;!--in Catalan, futbol does not have an accent over &quot;u&quot;--&gt;
| nickname = ''Barça'' (team)&lt;br /&gt;''Culés'' or ''Barcelonistas'' (supporters)&lt;br /&gt;''Blaugranas'' or ''Azulgranas''&lt;!--in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranas (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word &quot;blaugrana&quot; is often used as well as the Spanish word &quot;azulgrana&quot;--&gt; (supporters)
| motto = Més que un club
| founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}&lt;br /&gt;as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona''
| ground = [[Camp Nou]] 
| capacity = 99,354&lt;ref name=&quot;stadium&quot;&gt;[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou Camp Nou] – FC Barcelona Official Page&lt;/ref&gt;
| chrtitle = Preses
| chairman = [[Josep Maria Bartomeu]]
| mgrtitle = Coach
| manager = [[Ernesto Valverde]]
| league = [[La Liga]]
| season = 2018/19
| position = La Liga, 1st
| current = 2018–19 FC Barcelona saison
| website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com
| pattern_la1 = 
| pattern_b1 = _barcelona2223h
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| pattern_sh1 = _barcelona2223h
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| pattern_la3       = _barcelona2223t
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|Mama
Game}}
'''Futbol Club Barcelona''' ({{IPA-ca|fubˈbɔɫ ˈkɫub bərsəˈɫonə|-|Futbol Club Barcelona - name.ogg}}), kent as '''Barcelona''' an familiarly as '''Barça''' an aw,&lt;ref&gt;Pronooncit {{IPA-ca|ˈbar.sə|}}.&lt;/ref&gt; is a perfaisional [[Fitbaw team|fitbaw club]], based in [[Barcelona]], Catalonie, Spain.

Foondit in 1899 bi a group o Swiss, Inglis an Catalan fitbawers led bi [[Joan Gamper]], the club haes become a seembol o Catalan cultur an [[Catalanism]], hence the motto ''&quot;Més que un club&quot;'' (Mair nor a club). Unlike mony ither fitbaw clubs, the [[Supporters o FC Barcelona|supporters]] awn an operate Barcelona. It is the warld's [[:en:Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|seicont-richest fitbaw club]] in terms o revenue, wi a annual turnover o $613 million an the [[:en:Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|third maist valuable]] sports team, worth $2.6 billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/07/15/real-madrid-tops-the-worlds-most-valuable-sports-teams/
|title=Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams |date=July 15, 2013 |accessdate=January 6, 2014|agency=Forbes| first=Kurt | last=Badenhausen}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Deloitte Football Money League 2013 | url = http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | publisher = Deloitte UK | accessdate = 30 January 2013 | archive-date = 2013-07-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130730063842/http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/sportsbusinessgroup/sports/football/deloitte-football-money-league/7c19cb03a366c310VgnVCM1000003256f70aRCRD.htm | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The offeecial Barcelona anthem is the &quot;[[Cant del Barça]]&quot;, written bi Jaume Picas an [[Josep Maria Espinàs]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/historia/simbols/himne.html|title= FC Barcelona Hymn| publisher=FC Barcelona}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barcelona is the [[Fitbaw records in Spain|maist successful club in Spain]], in terms o oweraw offeecial titles wan (80). Barcelona wis rankit first in the 'All-Time Club World Ranking' bi [[IFFHS]], on 31 Dizember 2009,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=All-Time Club World Ranking, by International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|access-date=2014-01-15|archive-date=2013-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132701/http://www.iffhs.de/?3d4d443d0b803e8b40384c00205fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedbe1a|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an is currently placit on top o the UEFA club rankins an aw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=UEFA club coefficients 2013/14|url=http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; They wan 22 [[La Liga]], 26 [[Copa del Rey]], 11 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]&lt;ref name=&quot;The 1953&quot;&gt;The [[Copa Eva Duarte]] wis anerly recognisit an organisit wi that name bi the RFEF frae 1947 till 1953, an tharefore Barcelona's &quot;Copa de Oro Argentina&quot; win o 1945 is no includit in this coont, i.e. anerly the 1948, 1952 an 1953 trophies are.&lt;/ref&gt; an 2 [[Copa de la Liga]] trophies, as well as bein the record haulder for the latter fower competeetions. In [[:en:List of UEFA club competition winners|internaitional club fitbaw]], Barcelona haes wan fower [[UEFA Champions League]], a record fower [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], fower [[UEFA Super Cup]], a record three [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]&lt;ref&gt;Considered a major title by FIFA (see FIFA.com F.C. Barcelona's profile at http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club=44217/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106144603/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/clubs/club%3D44217/ |date=2012-01-06 }}) but generally not an official title, as the competition was not organised by [[UEFA]]&lt;/ref&gt; an a record twa [[FIFA Club Warld Cup]] trophies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Football Europe: FC Barcelona&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club=50080/domestic.html|title=Football Europe: FC Barcelona|publisher=[[Union of European Football Associations]] (UEFA)|accessdate=4 May 2009|archive-date=2010-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603054639/http://en.archive.uefa.com/footballeurope/club%3D50080/domestic.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The club haes a lang-staundin rivalry wi [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]]; matches atween the twa teams are referred tae as &quot;[[El Clásico]]&quot;.

==Honours==

{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%; text-align:center;&quot;
!style=&quot;width: 1%;&quot;|Teep
!style=&quot;width: 5%;&quot;|Competeetion
!style=&quot;width: 1%;&quot;|Teetles
!style=&quot;width: 21%;&quot;|Saisons
|-
|rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |'''Domestic'''
! scope=col|[[La Liga]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|26
| [[1929 La Liga|1929]], [[1944–45 La Liga|1944–45]], [[1947–48 La Liga|1947–48]], [[1948–49 La Liga|1948–49]], [[1951–52 La Liga|1951–52]], [[1952–53 La Liga|1952–53]], [[1958–59 La Liga|1958–59]], [[1959–60 La Liga|1959–60]], [[1973–74 La Liga|1973–74]], [[1984–85 La Liga|1984–85]], [[1990–91 La Liga|1990–91]], [[1991–92 La Liga|1991–92]], [[1992–93 La Liga|1992–93]], [[1993–94 La Liga|1993–94]], [[1997–98 La Liga|1997–98]], [[1998–99 La Liga|1998–99]], [[2004–05 La Liga|2004–05]], [[2005–06 La Liga|2005–06]], [[2008–09 La Liga|2008–09]], [[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]], [[2010–11 La Liga|2010–11]], [[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]], [[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]], [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017–18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]
|-
! scope=col|[[Copa del Rey]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''30'''
| [[1910 Copa del Rey|1909–10]], [[1912 Copa del Rey|1911–12]], [[1913 Copa del Rey|1912–13]], [[1920 Copa del Rey|1919–20]], [[1922 Copa del Rey|1921–22]], [[1925 Copa del Rey|1924–25]], [[1926 Copa del Rey|1925–26]], [[1928 Copa del Rey|1927–28]], [[1942 Copa del Generalísimo|1941–42]], [[1951 Copa del Generalísimo|1950–51]], [[1952 Copa del Generalísimo|1951–52]], [[1952–53 Copa del Generalísimo|1952–53]], [[1957 Copa del Generalísimo|1956–57]], [[1958–59 Copa del Generalísimo|1958–59]], [[1962–63 Copa del Generalísimo|1962–63]], [[1967–68 Copa del Generalísimo|1967–68]], [[1970–71 Copa del Generalísimo|1970–71]], [[1977–78 Copa del Rey|1977–78]], [[1980–81 Copa del Rey|1980–81]], [[1982–83 Copa del Rey|1982–83]], [[1987–88 Copa del Rey|1987–88]], [[1989–90 Copa del Rey|1989–90]], [[1996–97 Copa del Rey|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Copa del Rey|1997–98]], [[2008–09 Copa del Rey|2008–09]], [[2011–12 Copa del Rey|2011–12]], [[2014–15 Copa del Rey|2014–15]], [[2015–16 Copa del Rey|2015–16]], [[2016–17 Copa del Rey|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Copa del Rey|2017–18]]
|-
! scope=col|[[Supercopa de España]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''13'''
| [[1983 Supercopa de España|1983]], [[1991 Supercopa de España|1991]], [[1992 Supercopa de España|1992]], [[1994 Supercopa de España|1994]], [[1996 Supercopa de España|1996]], [[2005 Supercopa de España|2005]], [[2006 Supercopa de España|2006]], [[2009 Supercopa de España|2009]], [[2010 Supercopa de España|2010]], [[2011 Supercopa de España|2011]], [[2013 Supercopa de España|2013]], [[2016 Supercopa de España|2016]], [[2018 Supercopa de España|2018]]
|-
! scope=col|[[Copa Eva Duarte]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''3'''
| [[Copa Eva Duarte|1948]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1952]], [[Copa Eva Duarte|1953]]
|-
! scope=col|[[Copa de la Liga]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''2'''
| [[1983 Copa de la Liga|1983]], [[1986 Copa de la Liga|1986]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''European'''
! scope=col|[[UEFA Champions League]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|5
| [[1991–92 European Cup|1991–92]], [[2005–06 UEFA Champions League|2005–06]], [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]]
|-
! scope=col| [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''4'''
| [[1978–79 European Cup Winners' Cup|1978–79]], [[1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup|1981–82]], [[1988–89 European Cup Winners' Cup|1988–89]], [[1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|1996–97]]
|-
! scope=col|[[UEFA Super Cup]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''5'''{{smallsup|S}}
|[[1992 European Super Cup|1992]], [[1997 UEFA Super Cup|1997]], [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|2009]], [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]]
|-
! scope=col| [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]
|bgcolor=&quot;gold&quot;|'''3'''
| [[1955–58 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1955–58]], [[1958–60 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1958–60]], [[1965–66 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|1965–66]]
|-
|'''Worldwide'''
! scope=col|[[FIFA Club Warld Cup]]
|3
| [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2009]], [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Club Warld Cup|2015]]
|-
|}
* {{legend|gold|Record}}
* {{smallsup|S}} Shared record

== Players ==

=== Current squad ===
{{updated|10 August 2014}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff|title=Primer equipo|trans_title=First team|publisher=FC Barcelona|language=Spanish|accessdate=31 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no= 1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]}}
{{Fs player|no= 2|pos=DF|nat=POR|name=[[Nélson Semedo]]}}
{{Fs player|no= 3|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Gerard Piqué]]}}
{{Fs player|no= 4|pos=MF|nat=CRO|name=[[Ivan Rakitić]]}}
{{Fs player|no= 5|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Sergio Busquets]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|vice-caiptain]]}}{{Fs player|no= 6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Denis Suárez]]}}{{Fs player|no= 9|pos=FW|nat=URU|name=[[Luis Suárez]]{{ref|Suárez|[note]}}}}
{{Fs player|no=10|pos=FW|nat=ARG|name=[[Lionel Messi]]|other=[[Caiptain (association fitbaw)|caiptain]]}}

{{Fs mid}}{{Fs player|name=[[Ousmane Dembélé]]|nat=FRA|no=11|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=NED|name=[[Jasper Cillessen]]}}
{{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=BRA|name=[[Philippe Coutinho]]}}
{{Fs player|no=15|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Carles Aleñá]]}}
{{Fs player|name=[[Paco Alcácer]]|nat=ESP|no=17|pos=FW}}{{Fs player|no=18|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Jordi Alba]]}}
{{Fs player|no=19|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Lucas Digne]]}}
{{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Sergi Roberto]]}}
{{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=POR|name=[[André Gomes]]}}
{{Fs player|no=22|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Aleix Vidal]]}}
{{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=[[Samuel Umtiti]]}}
{{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=COL|name=[[Yerry Mina]]}}
{{Fs player|no=25|pos=DF|nat=BEL|name=[[Thomas Vermaelen]]}}
{{Fs end}}

:1.{{note|Suárez}} On 26 Juin 2014, the [[FIFA Disciplinary Code|FIFA Disciplinary Committee]] banned [[Luis Suárez]] for fower months o ony footbaa-relatit activity efter he wis foond guilty o [[:en:List of 2014 FIFA World Cup controversies#Uruguay vs Italy|bitin Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini]] durin Uruguay's [[:en:2014 FIFA World Cup Group D#Italy vs Uruguay|feenal Warld Cup group stage match]]. The suspension means Suárez is unable tae play for Barcelona till 26 October.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suarez suspension FIFA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=luis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |title=Luis Suárez suspended for nine matches and banned for four months from any football-related activity |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=26 June 2014 |accessdate=30 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703172739/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=luis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |archivedate=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ban2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-banned-fifa-hand-striker-record-ninegame-ban-and-a-four-month-football-ban-for-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-biggest-ever-world-cup-suspension-9565686.html |title=Luis Suarez banned: Fifa hand striker record nine-game ban AND a four month football ban for biting Giorgio Chiellini in biggest ever World Cup suspension |date=26 June 2014 |accessdate=26 June 2014 |publisher=The Independent |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712230123/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-banned-fifa-hand-striker-record-ninegame-ban-and-a-four-month-football-ban-for-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-biggest-ever-world-cup-suspension-9565686.html |archivedate=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Luis Suarez suspended&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Luis Suárez banned for four months for biting in World Cup game|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/26/world-cup-luis-suarez-ban-biting-uruguay|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=26 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706152415/http://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/26/world-cup-luis-suarez-ban-biting-uruguay|archivedate=6 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/2014-world-cup-fifa-bans-suarez-games-months/story?id=24314667|title=FIFA Suspends and Fines Suarez for 9 Games and 4 Months After Biting Player|publisher=[[ABC News]]|date=26 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Oot on lend===
{{Fs start}}

{{Fs end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{FC Barcelona}}
{{Navboxes|titlestyle=background:#26559B;color:#FFF000;border:1px solid #C32148;|list1=
{{Primera División de España}}
{{G14}}
{{ECA}}
{{UEFA Champions League winners}}
{{UEFA Super Cup winners}}
{{FIFA Club Warld Cup winners}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}}
[[Category:FC Barcelona| ]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1899]]
[[Category:Catalan seembols]]
[[Category:Copa del Rey winners]]
[[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Barcelona]]
[[Category:G-14 clubs]]
[[Category:La Liga clubs]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oliver &amp; Company</title>
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{{Infobox film
| name           = Oliver &amp; Company
| image          = 
| caption        = 
| director       = [[George Scribner]]
| screenplay     = {{Plainlist|
* Jim Cox
* Tim Disney
* [[James Mangold]]
}}
| story          = {{Plainlist|
* Vance Gerry
* [[Mike Gabriel]]
* [[Joe Ranft]]
* Jim Mitchell
* [[Chris Bailey (animator)|Chris Bailey]]
* [[Kirk Wise]]
* Dave Michener
* [[Roger Allers]]
* [[Gary Trousdale]]
* [[Kevin Lima]]
* Michael Cedeno
* Pete Young
* Leon Joosen
}}
| based on       = {{based on|''[[Oliver Twist]]''|[[Charles Dickens]]}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Joey Lawrence]]
* [[Billy Joel]]
* [[Natalie Gregory]]
* [[Cheech Marin]]
* [[Bette Midler]]
* [[Robert Loggia]]
* [[Richard Mulligan]]
* [[Roscoe Lee Browne]]
* [[Sheryl Lee Ralph]]
}}
| music          = [[J.A.C. Redford]]
| studio         = {{Plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney Pictures]]
* [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]
}}
| distributor    = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]]
| released       = {{Film date|1988|11|18}}
| runtime        = 73 meenits
| country        = Unitit States
| language       = Inglis
| budget         = $31 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|title=Oliver &amp; Company (1988)|work=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=Dizember 14, 2016|archive-date=2016-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223925/http://powergrid.thewrap.com/project/oliver-company|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $74.2 million&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Oliver &amp; Company|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=oliverandcompany.htm|accessdate=Januar 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''''Oliver &amp; Company''''' is a 1988 American animatit [[muisical film|muisical]] [[comedy-drama]] film produced bi [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Featur Animation]] an lowsed on 18 November 1988 bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 27t [[Leet o Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]], the film is inspired bi the classic [[Charles Dickens]] novelle ''[[Oliver Twist]]'', which haes been adaptit mony ither times for the screen. In the film, Oliver is a hameless kitten that jyns a gang o dugs tae survive in the streets. Amang ither chynges, the settin o the film wis relocatit frae 19t century [[Lunnon]] tae late 1980s [[New York Ceety]], Fagin's gang is made up o dugs (ane o that is Dodger), an Sykes is a loan shark.

''Oliver &amp; Company'' began production aroond 1987 as ''Oliver and the Dodger''. The film wis re-lowsed in the Unitit States, Canadae, an the UK on 29 Mairch 1996. It wis then lowsed tae video later that same year, an again in 2002 an 2009 on DVD. The film wis pit oot on [[Blu-ray Disc]] in 2013, commemoratin its 25t Anniversary.

==Plot==
&lt;!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries should be between 400 and 700 words in length. Current count is 694 words. --&gt;
On [[Fifth Avenue]], an orphaned kitten named Oliver is left abandoned efter his fellae orphaned kittens are adoptit bi passersby. Wandering the streets bi himsel in sairch o someone tae adopt him, Oliver meets a laid-back dug named Dodger that assists the kitten in stealin fuid frae a [[het dug]] vendor named Louie. Dodger then flees the scene wioot sharin his bounty wi Oliver. Oliver follaes Dodger aw throughout the streets until he eventually arrives at the [[barge]] o his awner, a [[pickpocket]] named Fagin, alang wi his meal, tae gie tae his friends: Tito the [[Chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]], Einstein the [[Great Dane]], Rita the [[Afghan Hound]], an Francis the [[bulldug]]. Oliver sneaks inside, locatit ablo the docks, an is discovered bi the dugs. Efter a moment o confusion, he is then received wi a warm welcome. Fagin comes in an explains that he is running oot o time tae repay the money he borraed frae Bill Sykes, a nefarious shipyard agent an [[loan shark]]. Sykes tells Fagin it maun be peyed in three day, or else. Sykes' [[doberman]]s, Roscoe an DeSoto, atteck Oliver but the cat is fendit bi Fagin's dugs. Immediately thereefter, a depresst Fagin returns tae the barge, lamenting that he anly haes three day tae find the money. Efter the dugs cheer him up, Fagin is introduced tae Oliver, an, considering that thay aw need help, accepts him intae the gang.

The next day, Fagin an his pets, nou includin Oliver, hit the streets tae sell some shoddy goods an aiblins steal money. Oliver an Tito attempt tae sabotage a limousine but the plan backfires whan Oliver accidentally stairts the car, electrocuting Tito, an Oliver is caught an taken home bi the limousine's passenger, Jenny Foxworth. Her parents are awa on a trip an she adopts Oliver oot o loneliness. Georgette, the Foxworth faimily's pompous an pampered [[poodle]], is enraged an jealous o Oliver's presence an wants him remuived frae the hoosehauld. Dodger an the ithers manage tae steal Oliver frae the Foxworth faimily an bring him back tae the barge, but he explains that he wis treatit kindly an didnae want tae leave, maun tae the shock o Dodger that feels that Oliver is bein ungrateful, an allous him the opportunity tae leave. Houiver, Fagin arrives an concocts a plan tae ransom Oliver, then sends Jenny a ransom note. Jenny discovers the note an sets oot tae get him back. Meanwhile, Fagin tells Sykes o his plan, that says he is proud o him for &quot;starting to think big&quot;.

Later, Jenny meets up wi Fagin, that is shocked that the &quot;very rich cat owner person&quot; is anly a little girl. Fashed bi his conscience efter seein Jenny distraught ower losin Oliver, Fagin gies Oliver back freely. Juist then, Sykes comes oot o the shadows an kidnaps Jenny, intendin tae ransom her an declaring Fagin's debt peyed.

Dodger rallies Oliver an the ither dugs tae rescue Jenny frae Sykes, but the ainimals are confrontit bi Sykes an his Dobermans efter thay free her. Fagin arrives an saves the group wi his scooter an a chase ensues throu the streets an intae the subway tunnels. Jenny is pushed ontae the huid o Sykes's car efter it bumped onto the scooter, whaur she hauds ontae the huid ornament, an Oliver an Dodger attempt a rescue. Roscoe an DeSoto faw aff the car in the struggle an land on the subway's [[third rail]], electrocuting them. Tito taks control o Fagin's scooter as Fagin manages tae retrieve Jenny, an Tito drives the scooter up the side o the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] as Sykes' car drives stracht intae the path o an oncomin train, killin him an throwing him an his car intae the [[East River]]. Dodger an Oliver manage tae jouk the collision an are reunited wi Jenny an the ithers. Later, Jenny celebrates her birthday wi the ainimals, Fagin, an Winston. That same day, Winston receives a phone caw frae Jenny's parents in [[Roum]] saying that thay will be back the morn. Oliver opts tae stay wi her but he promises tae remain in contact wi Dodger an the gang.

==Cast an chairacters==
* [[Joey Lawrence]] as [[Oliver Twist (chairacter)|Oliver]], an orange orphaned kitten that is leukin for a home. He jyns Fagin's gang o dugs afore bein taken in bi Jenny. He saves her life frae the ruthless loan-shark, Sykes, anaa.
* [[Billy Joel]] as [[Artful Dodger|Dodger]], a carefree, charismatic mongrel wi a mix o terrier in him. He claims tae hae considerable &quot;street savoir-faire&quot;. He is the heid o Fagin's gang o dugs, an is Oliver's first acquaintance, as well as his eventual best friend an bodyguard. He is the object o Rita's affection.
* [[Cheech Marin]] as Tito, a tiny yet passionate [[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]] in Fagin's gang. He haes a fiery temper for his size, an rapidly develops a crush on Georgette (awtho she is initially repulsed bi him). His full name is Ignacio Alonso Julio Federico de Tito.
* [[Richard Mulligan]] as Einstein, a gray [[Great Dane]] an a member o Fagin's gang. He is named ironically as he is nae parteecularly bricht, representin the stereotype that Great Danes are friendly but dull-witted.
* [[Roscoe Lee Browne]] as Francis, a [[bulldug]] wi a [[Breetish Inglis|Breetish]] accent in Fagin's gang. He appreciates airt an theatre, parteecularly [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]. He an aa detests anyone abbreviating his name as &quot;Frank&quot; or &quot;Frankie&quot; (which Tito frequently daes).
* [[Sheryl Lee Ralph]] ([[Ruth Pointer]], singin) as Rita, an [[Afghan Hound]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=November 18, 1988|title=Oliver &amp; Company - Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/olivercompany.htm|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|accessdate=Januar 31, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the anly female dug in Fagin's gang. She is street-wise an takes Oliver unner her wing.
* [[Dom DeLuise]] as [[Fagin]], a lowly thief who lifes on a barge wi his dugs. He desperately needs money tae repay his debt wi Sykes. Because o his economic situation, he is forced tae perform criminal acts sic as pick-pocketing an petty theft, but in truth he is good-natured an polite maist o the time.
* [[Taurean Blacque]] an [[Carl Weintraub]] as Roscoe an DeSoto respectively, Sykes's vicious [[Doberman Pinscher]]s who hae a hostile history wi Dodger an his friends. Roscoe is the apparent leader, while his brither DeSoto seems tae be the mair savage o the twa. Baith o them are killed in the climax killed in the climax efter fallin onto the electric rail tracks while fechtin wi Dodger an Oliver. Roscoe wears a reid collar an DeSoto wears ane that is blue.
* [[Robert Loggia]] as [[Bill Sikes|Sykes]], a cauld-hearted, immoral loan-shark an shipyard agent who lent a considerable sum o money to Fagin an expects it peyed back. He is ultimately defeatit at the film's climax when he indirectly drives his car intae a train an gets killed in the process.
* [[Natalie Gregory]] (Myhanh Tran, singin) as Jennifer &quot;Jenny&quot; Foxworth, a kynd-hearted, rich girl who adopts Oliver.
* William Glover as Winston, the Foxworth faimily's bumbling but loyal butler.
* [[Bette Midler]] as Georgette, the Foxworth faimily's shaw-winnin poodle. Vain an spoilt, she becomes jealous o Oliver but eventually accepts him an Fagin's gang. Whan Tito displays his attraction tae her, she initially responds wi revulsion. At the end, houiver, she displays considerable attraction tae Tito, sae maun, in fact that she sends him runnin for his life whan she tries tae bathe, dress an gruim him.
* [[Frank Welker]] as Old Louie, an aggressive, bad-tempered het dug vendor that appears early in the film whan Oliver an Dodger steal his hot dugs. He is descrieved bi Dodger as &quot;a well-known enemy of the four-legged world&quot;, meanin that he hates baith cats an dugs.

==Production==
Efter the release o ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' in 1985, [[Michael Eisner]] and [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] invited the animators to pitch potential ideas for upcoming animatit features, infamously cried the &quot;Gong Show&quot;. Efter [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] suggestit ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' and ''[[Treasure Planet|Treasure Island in Space]]'', animator Pete Young suggestit, &quot;''Oliver Twist'' with dogs&quot;. Oreeginally intending to produce a live-action adaptation o the muisical ''[[Oliver!]]'' at [[Paramount Pictures]], Katzenberg approved the pitch.{{sfn|Stewart|2005|pp=93–94}} Unner the wirkin title o ''Oliver and the Dodger'',{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=182-83}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Paul|last=Willistein|title=Disney Gearing Up For More Animation|url=http://articles.mcall.com/1987-11-22/entertainment/2601792_1_animation-disney-characters-disney-theme-parks|newspaper=[[The Morning Call]]|date=November 22, 1987|accessdate=July 10, 2015|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711223447/http://articles.mcall.com/1987-11-22/entertainment/2601792_1_animation-disney-characters-disney-theme-parks|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; the film wis oreeginally much darker and grittier wi the film openin wi Sykes's twa [[Doberman]]s murdering Oliver's parents, setting the story to focus on Oliver exacting his revenge as detailed in a draft dated on Mairch 30, 1987.{{sfn|Koeing|2001|p=192}} [[George Scribner]] and [[Richard Rich (director)|Richard Rich]] war annoonced as the directors o the project, while Pete Young wis appyntit as story supervisor,{{sfn|Hulett|2014|p=90}} tho Rich left aboot sax month intae production, leaving Scribner as the sole director.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite interview|subject=George Scribner|title=Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver &amp; Company's Director George Scribner!|interviewer=Jérémie Noyer|url=http://animatedviews.com/2009/once-upon-a-time-in-new-york-city-oliver-companys-director-george-scribner/|publisher=Animated Views|date=February 3, 2009|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In this adaptation, Scribner turned Oliver intae a naïve kitten, Dodger and the gang intae dugs, an Fagin intae a human, an encouraged the film tae be mair street smart.{{sfn|Koeing|2001|p=192}} Furthermore, Scribner borrowed a technique frae ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' bi [[Blocking (stage)|blocking oot]] the scenes on real streets, an then photographing them wi cameras mounted eighteen inches off the grund. In this wey, the animators wad uise the photos as templates to provide a real dug's-ee view o the action.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=`Oliver' gets a dog's eye view, in a Twist on the classic story|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62628371.html|first=Jeff|last=Strickler|newspaper=[[Star Tribune]]|format=Fee required|via=HighBeam Research|date=April 21, 1996|accessdate=July 10, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924161541/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62628371.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; As work continued on ''Oliver'', [[Roy E. Disney]] came up wi an idea that Fagin wad attempt to steal a rare panda frae the ceety zoo. Houiver, the writers wad hae problems wi the idea,{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=182-83}} and the panda sub-plot wis eventually dropped when Scribner suggestit to hae Fagin haud Oliver for ransom acause he wis a valuable, rare [[Asian cat]].{{sfn|Koeing|2001|p=193}}{{sfn|Hulett|2014|p=96}}

For the film, Disney invested $15 million intae a lang-term computer system cried [[Computer Animation Production System]], itherwise kent as CAPS. Unlik ''The Black Cauldron'' an ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' that uised computer imagery for special sequences, eleeven minutes o ''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis computer-generated sic as the skyscrapers, the taxi cabs, trains, Fagin's scooter-cart, an the climactic subway chase.&lt;ref name=&quot;disneytwist&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title='Oliver &amp; Company' Gives Dickens A Disney Twist urban scene from an appropriate rooftop.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE4D81F3CF930A25752C1A96E948260|first=John|last=Culhane|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1988|accessdate=July 8, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meanwhile, the traditional animation wis handled bi the next generation o Disney animators, includin supervising animators [[Glen Keane]], [[Ruben A. Aquino]], [[Mike Gabriel]], Hendel Butoy, an [[Mark Henn]] as the &quot;[[Disney's Nine Old Men|Nine Old Men]]&quot; haed retired in the early 1980s.&lt;ref name=&quot;disneytwist&quot; /&gt; Throughout twa and a hauf years o production, sax supervising animators and a team o ower 300 artists and technicians worked on the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Disney Archives – Oliver and Company|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727061012/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/oliver/oliver.html|archivedate=July 27, 2008 |url=http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/oliver/oliver.html|publisher=[[Disney.com|Disney.go.com]]|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Skidmore, Owings &amp; Merrill]] wis the database for the New York City skyline.

===Casting===
Acause personalities are considered the greatest strength o Disney animatit films, the filmmakers socht believable vyces tae match the movement o the animation.&lt;ref name=&quot;disneytwist&quot; /&gt; For this film, the filmmakers cast fellae New York natives includin [[Bette Midler]] for Georgette, [[Sheryl Lee Ralph]] for Rita, an [[Roscoe Lee Browne]] for Francis.&lt;ref name=&quot;disneytwist&quot; /&gt; Comedian [[Cheech Marin]] wis cast as the [[chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]] Tito. Acause energy proved tae be the key tae Tito's personality, Marin claimed &quot;I was encouraged to ad-lib, but I'd say I just gave about 75% of the lines as they were written. The natural energy of a Chihuahua played right into that feeling. George [Scribner] was very encouraging as a director: He kept the energy level high at the recording sessions.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Cheech Marin as Animated Tito: Check It Out|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-12-27/entertainment/ca-979_1_cheech-marin|first=Charles|last=Solomon|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 27, 1988|accessdate=July 8, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pop sangster [[Billy Joel]] wis recommended for the vyce o Dodger bi Scribner acause o his &quot;New York street-smart, savoir-faire attitude&quot;, an auditioned for the role bi telephone efter bein gien dialogue. Additionally, Joel confirmed he did the role acause it wis a Disney movie, an admitted that &quot;I had just had a little girl. It's a great way to do something that my little girl could see that she could relate to right away.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A New York State Of Voice In Animated Film Billy Joel Speaks For Dodger The Dog|url=http://articles.mcall.com/1988-11-19/entertainment/2663219_1_walt-disney-records-joel-s-songs-oliver-twist|first=Paul|last=Willistein|newspaper=TheMorning Call|date=November 19, 1988|accessdate=July 8, 2015|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711205459/http://articles.mcall.com/1988-11-19/entertainment/2663219_1_walt-disney-records-joel-s-songs-oliver-twist|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| Name        = Oliver &amp; Company
| Type        = Soundtrack
| Artist      = Various artists
| Cover       = 
| Caption     = 
| Released    = 1988
| Recorded    =
| Genre       = [[Pop rock]], [[blues rock]]
| Length      =
| Label       = [[Walt Disney Records|Walt Disney]]
| Producer    =
}}
The soundtrack o ''Oliver &amp; Company'' contains an instrumental score bi [[J. A. C. Redford]] unner the supervision o Carole Childs, while [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] haed the idea to bring in big-name sangster/songwriters, each o whom wad contribute a song intae the film includin [[Billy Joel]], [[Barry Manilow]], and [[Huey Lewis]]. At his suggestion o his friend [[David Geffen]], Katzenberg brocht in lyricist [[Howard Ashman]], who componed the song &quot;Once Upon a Time in New York City&quot;.{{sfn|Stewart|2005|pp=182–83}} Muisical composer J.A.C. Redford wis brocht to compone the score who haed a wirkin relationship wi Disney muisic executive Chris Montan on the series ''[[St. Elsewhere]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite interview|url=http://animatedviews.com/2009/oliver-co-composer-jac-redford/|subject=J.A.C Redford|title=Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver &amp; Company’s Composer J.A.C. Redford!|interviewer=Jérémie Noyer|publisher=Animated Views|date=February 2, 2009|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashman, who, wi [[Alan Menken]], wad write the sangs for the next three Disney films. Billy Joel, in addition to voicing Dodger, performed the character's song in the film.

The track leet ablo represents the 1996 re-release o the ''Oliver &amp; Company'' soundtrack. The oreeginal 1988 release featurt the same sangs, but wi the instrumental cues placed in atween the sangs in the order in which thay appeared in the film. Uisin the numbering system in the leet ablo, the order the tracks on the 1988 release wad be: 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, an 11. The reprise o &quot;Why Should I Worry?&quot;, performed bi the entire cast, remains unreleased on CD.

;Track listing
# &quot;Once Upon a Time in New York City&quot; - [[Huey Lewis]]; written bi [[Barry Mann]] and [[Howard Ashman]]
# &quot;Why Should I Worry?&quot; - [[Billy Joel]]; written bi [[Dan Hartman]] and [[Charlie Midnight]]
# &quot;Streets of Gold&quot; - [[Ruth Pointer]] ; written bi [[Dean Pitchford]] and [[Tom Snow]]
# &quot;Perfect Isn't Easy&quot; - [[Bette Midler]] ; written bi [[Barry Manilow]], Jack Feldman, an Bruce Sussman
# &quot;Good Company&quot; - Myhanh Tran ; written bi Ron Rocha and [[Robert Minkoff]]
# &quot;Sykes&quot; (score)
# &quot;Bedtime Story&quot; (score)
# &quot;The Rescue&quot; (score)
# &quot;Pursuit Through the Subway&quot; (score)
# &quot;Buscando Guayaba&quot; - [[Rubén Blades]]
# &quot;End Title&quot; (instrumental)

==Release==
===Marketing===
''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis the first Disney animatit film to include real warld advertised products. Mair nor 30 company logos and brand names war shawn in the film, includin [[Kodak]], [[Dr. Scholls]], [[Sony]], [[Diet Coke]], [[Tab (soft drink)|Tab]], [[McDonald's]], [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]], [[Ryder]], and ''[[USA Today]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Can You Imagine Mickey Mouse Turning 60?|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-18/entertainment/ca-751_1_mickey-mouse|first=Charles|last=Solomon|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=November 18, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, the filmmakers commented on ABC's ''[[Walt Disney anthology series|The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' that this wis for realism, wis nae peyed product placement, an that it wad nae be New York City wioot advertising.&lt;ref name=abc&gt;{{Cite episode|title=The Making of ''Oliver &amp; Company''|series=The Wonderful World of Disney|network=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Instead, Katzenberg urged the marketing campaign to focus on the classic Dickens novel and the pop score,{{sfn|Stewart|2005|pp=182–83}} and promotional tie-ins included [[Sears]], which produced and manufactured products wi themes inspired frae the film, an [[McDonald's]] which sauld [[Christmas]] muisical ornaments based on Oliver and Dodger, an smaw finger puppets based on the characters in a [[Happy Meal]].&lt;ref name=abc/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Advertising; Marketing Movies for Children|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/28/business/the-media-business-advertising-marketing-movies-for-children.html|first=Geraldine|last=Fabrikant|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 28, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; For its theatrical re-release in 1996, the film wis accompanied wi a promotional campaign bi [[Burger King]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Coca-Cola, Pepsico and Burger King sign on with Disney for a happy ending with 'Toy Story' tie-ins.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/22/business/media-business-advertising-coca-cola-pepsico-burger-king-sign-with-disney-for.html|first=Samuel|last=Elliot|date=November 22, 1995|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the United Kinrick, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis nae distributed bi [[Buena Vista International]], but bi [[Warner Bros.]]&lt;ref name=halliwell&gt;{{cite book|editor=Gritten, David|title=[[Halliwell's Film Guide]] 2008|chapter=Oliver and Company (*)|page=[https://archive.org/details/halliwellsfilmdv0000unse/page/871 871]|isbn=0-00-726080-6|year=2007|accessdate=June 16, 2010|location=[[Hammersmith]], London|publisher=[[HarperCollins]] Publishers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buena Vista International did houiver release the film on home video.

===Home media===
Despite its financial success at the box office, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis nae released on home video despite bein ane o the maist requested Disney films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title='Oliver' just as delightful 2nd time around|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XPJLAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=3-wDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6839,8345659&amp;dq=little-indian-big-city&amp;hl=en|first=Chris|last=Hicks|work=[[Deseret News]]|page=W4|date=March 29, 1996|accessdate=January 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter its theatrical re-release, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis released on VHS on September 25, 1996 for a leemitit time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Arts and entertainment reports from The Times, national and international news services and the nation's press.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-24/entertainment/ca-61893_1_los-angeles/2|first=Shauna|last=Snow|date=April 24, 1996|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis later released on DVD on Mey 14, 2002. A 20t Anniversary Edition DVD wis released on Februar 3, 2009, an a 25t Anniversary Edition [[Blu-ray]] wis released on August 6, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=REVIEW: DISNEY'S &quot;OLIVER AND COMPANY|url=http://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/7636-REVIEW-DISNEYS-OLIVER-AND-COMPANY-25TH-ANNIVERSARY-EDITION-BLU-RAYDVD-COMBO.html|work=[[Cinema Retro]]|first=Todd|last=Garbarini}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception==
===Box office===
Openin on the same weekend as [[Don Bluth]]'s ''[[The Land Before Time]]'', which debuted at nummer-ane grossing $7.5 million, beatin oot ''Oliver &amp; Company'' which opened at fowert, grossing $4 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kitten Takes On Baby Brontosaurus|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-22/entertainment/ca-200_1_baby-brontosaurus|first=Nina|last=Easton|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=November 22, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Housomeiver, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' oot-grossed ''The Land Before Time'' wi domestic gross estimates o $53 million compared to $46 million o the latter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The New Toon Boom|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-08-19/entertainment/ca-3048_1_animated-feature/|first=Charles|last=Solomon|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=August 19, 1990|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its success prompted Disney's senior vice-preses o animation, [[Peter Schneider (film executive)|Peter Schneider]], to annoonce the company's plans to release animatit features annually.{{sfn|Beck|2005|pp=182-83}} On Mairch 29, 1996, Disney re-released the film in direct competeetion wi ''[[All Dogs Go to Heaven 2]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Stalking the King of Animation|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-06-20/news/mn-16693_1_animated-movie|first1=James|last1=Bates|first2=Patrice|last2=Apodaca|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=June 20, 1996|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; grossing $4.5 million in its openin weekend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The Cash Registers Are Ringing|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-04-02/entertainment/ca-53987_1_walt-disney|first=Elaine|last=Dutka|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 2, 1996|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In its tot box office lifetime, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' made a tot domestic gross o $74 million at the U.S. box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&amp;id=oliverandcompany.htm|title=Re-releases of Oliver &amp; Company|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|accessdate=October 25, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Critical reception===
Despite its success at the box office, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' wis met wi mixed reviews frae critics. [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reportit that 44% o critics gae the film positive reviews based on 36 reviews wi an average rating o 5.4/10. Its consensus states that &quot;''Oliver &amp; Company'' is a decidedly lesser effort in the Disney canon, with lackluster songs, stiff animation, and a thoroughly predictable plot.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/oliver_and_company/|title=Oliver &amp; Company - Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=''[[Flixster]]''|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On the telly program, ''[[At the Movies (U.S. TV series)|Siskel &amp; Ebert]]'', [[Gene Siskel]] gae the film a thumbs doun. Siskel stated: &quot;When you measure this film to the company's legacy of classics, it doesn't match up&quot; as he complained &quot;the story is too fragmented…because Oliver’s story gets too sidetracked from the story in the film that gets convoluted, too calculated for the Bette Midler, Billy Joel crowd as well as little kids.&quot; [[Roger Ebert]] gae the film a &quot;marginal thumbs up&quot; as he describit the film as &quot;harmless, inoffensive&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Land Before Time, Oliver and Company, Child’s Play (1988)|url=http://siskelandebert.org/video/5GM9SX52M7UY/The-Land-Before-Time-Oliver-and-Company-Child8217s-Play-1988|publisher=siskelandebert.org|accessdate=July 10, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084958/http://siskelandebert.org/video/5GM9SX52M7UY/The-Land-Before-Time-Oliver-and-Company-Child8217s-Play-1988|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Animation historian Charles Solomon wrote a favorable reviewing concluding that the film &quot;offers virtually ideal family holiday fare. The cartoon action will delight young children, while older ones, who usually reject animation as &quot;kid stuff,&quot; will enjoy the rock sangs and hip characters, especially the brash Tito.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dogs, Dinosaurs from Disney, Bluth : 'Oliver &amp; Company'|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-18/entertainment/ca-693_1_oliver-twist|first=Charles|last=Solomon|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=November 18, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Writing for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', [[Peter Travers]] opined in his review, &quot;Too slight to rank with such Disney groundbreakers as ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' and ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]'', the film is more on the good-fun level of ''[[Lady and the Tramp|The Lady and the Tramp]]'' and ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians|101 Dalmatians]]''. But why kick? With its captivating characters, sprightly songs and zap-happy animation, ''Oliver &amp; Company'' adds up to a tip-top frolic.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Picks and Pans Review: Oliver &amp; Company|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100497,00.html|first=Peter|last=Travers|publisher=People|date=November 21, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102620/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20100497,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Desson Howe o ''[[The Washington Post]]'' noted that the film &quot;retrieves some of the old Disney charm with tail-wagging energy and five catchy songs&quot;. Likwise, fellae ''Washington Post'' film critic Rita Kempley praised the sangs and animation, an cried it &quot;happy adaptation of the Victorian classic.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Oliver &amp; Company|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/olivercompany.htm|first1=Desson|last1=Howe|first2=Rita|last2=Kempley|newspaper=The Washington Post''|date=November 18, 1988|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Barry Walters, reviewing for ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'', panned the film &quot;as a rather shabby transitional work, one that lacks the sophistication of today's 'toons and doesn't hold up to the Disney classics of yesteryear.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bones to pick with dog movies, old and new|url=http://www.sfgate.com/style/article/Bones-to-pick-with-dog-movies-old-and-new-3148287.php|first=Barry|last=Walters|work=San Francisco Examiner|publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=March 30, 1996|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The staff o ''[[Halliwell's Film Guide]]'' cried ''Oliver &amp; Company'' &quot;episodic&quot; and &quot;short on charm&quot;. &quot;Only now and then&quot;, thay added, &quot;it provides glimpses of stylish animation&quot;.&lt;ref name=halliwell/&gt; ''[[The Ren &amp; Stimpy Show]]'' creautor [[John Kricfalusi]] suggestit that the film wis derivative o [[Ralph Bakshi]]'s works, an jokingly suggestit its uise as a form o punishment.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Mike Judge Interview|url=http://www.inthe80s.com/july1995/animate/beavis.html|first=John|last=Kricfalusi|year=1994|journal=Wild Cartoon Kingdom|issue=3|accessdate=March 20, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Likwise, even some o the Disney animators viewed the film unfavorably considering it &quot;another talking dog-and-cat movie&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse To Hercules|url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim0000thom_c5f8|first=Bob|last=Thomas|page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim0000thom_c5f8/page/117 117]|publisher=Disney Editions|date=March 7, 1997|isbn=978-0786862412}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Accolades===
* [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song]] for &quot;Why Should I Worry?&quot; (Nominated)
* [[Young Artist Award]] for Best Faimily Featur Film&amp;nbsp;— Animation (Nominated)
* [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awairds]] for Best Sound Editing (Won)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=The Animated Movie Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/animatedmoviegui0000beck|publisher=Chicago Reader Press|year=2005|isbn=1-55652-591-5|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Hulett|first=Steve|title=Mouse In Transition: An Insider's Look at Disney Feature Animation|publisher=Theme Park Press|date=December 4, 2014|isbn=978-1941500248|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Koenig|first=David|title=Mouse Under Glass: Secrets of Disney Animation &amp; Theme Parks|location=[[Irvine, California]]|publisher=Bonaventure Press|isbn=978-0964060517|date=January 28, 2001|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Stewart|first=James|title=[[DisneyWar]]|year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0-684-80993-1|authorlink=James B. Stewart|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Offeecial wabsteid|http://movies.disney.com/oliver-and-company}}
* {{IMDb title|0095776}}
* {{Bcdb title|46}}
* {{AllRovi movie|119756}}
* {{Mojo title|oliverandcompany}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|oliver_and_company}}

{{Disney theatrical animatit featurs}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oliver and Company}}
[[Category:1988 animatit films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:1980s American animatit films]]
[[Category:1980s muisical comedy films]]
[[Category:American bairns' animatit films]]
[[Category:American bairns' comedy films]]
[[Category:American comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American muisical comedy films]]
[[Category:Animatit muisical films]]
[[Category:Animatit films aboot cats]]
[[Category:Animatit films aboot dugs]]
[[Category:Animatit films aboot freendship]]
[[Category:Animatit films aboot orphants]]
[[Category:Animatit films based on novelles]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid films]]
[[Category:Films based on Oliver Twist]]
[[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Films set in New York Ceety]]
[[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2900" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|conventional_long_name = Sri Vijaya
|common_name = Srivijaya
|native_name = Kadatuan Sriwijaya
|continent = moved frae Category:Asie tae Sootheast Asie
|region = Sootheast Asie
|country = Cambodie, Indonesie, Malaysie, Singapore, Thailand
|religion = [[Mahayana|Mahayana Buddhism]], [[animism]] an [[Hinduism]]
|p1 = Kantoli
|p2 = Sailendra
|s1 = Dharmasraya
|s2 = Kinrick o Singapura
|year_start = 650
|year_end = 1377
|date_start =
|date_end =
|event_start = Dapunta Hyang's expedition and expansion, ([[Kedukan Bukit inscription]])
|event_end = [[Singhasari]] conquest in 1288, [[Majapahit]] put an end tae Srivijayan rebellion in 1377
|image_coat =
|symbol_type =
|image_map = Srivijaya Empire.svg
|image_map_caption = The maximum extent o Srivijaya aroond 8t century wi series o Srivijayan expedeetions an conquest
|capital = * [[Palembang]] &lt;br/&gt;
* Central Java (early [[Sailendra]] period)
* [[Chaiya Destrict]] (regional caipital)
* [[Jambi]] (later period)
|common_languages = [[History o the Malay leid#Auld Malay|Auld Malay]], [[Sanskrit]]
|government_type = Monarchy
|title_leader = Maharaja
|leader1 = Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa
|year_leader1 = Circa 683
|leader2 = Dharmasetu
|year_leader2 = Circa 775
|leader3 = Samaratungga
|year_leader3 = Circa 792
|leader4 = Balaputra
|year_leader4 = Circa 835
|leader5 = [[Sri Culamanivarmadeva]]
|year_leader5 = Circa 988
|currency = Native gowd an siller coins
|category=
|today = {{flag|Indonesie}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Malaysie}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Philippines}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Singapore}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Thailand}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Srivijaya''' (an aa written '''Sri Vijaya''', [[Indonesian leid|Indonesian]]/[[Malay leid|Malay]]: '''Sriwijaya''', {{lang-th|ศรีวิชัย}} {{RTGS|Siwichai}}, kent bi the Cheenese as Shih-li-fo-shih an San-fo-ch'i)&lt;ref name=Coedes&gt;{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|authorlink= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|131}} wis a dominant [[Thalassocracy|thalassocratic]] ceety-state based on the island o [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesie]], which influenced much o [[Sootheast Asie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;end&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Munoz|first=Paul Michel|title=Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|year=2006|location=Singapore|url=https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno|doi= |pages=[https://archive.org/details/earlykingdomsofi0000muno/page/171 171]|isbn= 981-4155-67-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1377 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Umwhile empires o Asie]]
[[Category:650 establishments]]
[[Category:Island kintras]]
[[Category:650s establishments in Asie]]
[[Category:1370s disestablishments in Asie]]
[[Category:Umwhile kintras in Sootheast Asie]]</text>
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    <title>Lady and the Tramp</title>
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{{Infobox film
| name           = Lady and the Tramp
| image          = 
| caption        = 
| director       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Clyde Geronimi]]
* [[Wilfred Jackson]]
* [[Hamilton Luske]]
}}
| producer       = [[Walt Disney]]
| story          = {{Plainlist|
* Erdman Penner
* Joe Rinaldi
* [[Ralph Wright]]
* [[Don DaGradi]]
}}
| based on       = {{based on|''Happy Dan, The Cynical Dog''|[[Ward Greene]]}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Barbara Luddy]]
* [[Larry Roberts (actor)|Larry Roberts]]
* [[Bill Thompson (voice actor)|Bill Thompson]]
* Bill Baucom
* [[Verna Felton]]
* [[Peggy Lee]]
}}
| music          = [[Oliver Wallace]]
| editing        = Don Halliday
| studio         = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Productions]]
| distributor    = [[Buena Vista Distribution]]
| released       = {{Film date|1955|6|22}}
| runtime        = 76 minutes
| country        = Unitit States
| language       = Inglis
| budget         = $4 million&lt;ref name=&quot;mojo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Lady and the Tramp|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=ladyandthetramp.htm|access-date=January 5, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = $187 million&lt;ref name=&quot;DisneyWW&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Disney Animated Features at the Worldwide Box Office|date=October 27, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''''Lady and the Tramp''''' is a 1955 American animatit [[muisical film|muisical]] [[romance film]] produced bi [[Walt Disney]] an released tae theaters on Juin 22, 1955 bi [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Distribution]]. The 15t [[Leet o Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]], it wis the first animatit featur filmed in the [[CinemaScope]] [[widescreen]] film process.&lt;ref name=&quot;finch&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Finch|first=Christopher|chapter=Chapter 8: Interruption and Innovations|pages=234–244|title=The Art of Walt Disney|year=2004|isbn=0-8109-2702-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Based on &quot;Happy Dan, The Cynical Dog&quot; bi [[Ward Greene]], ''Lady and the Tramp'' tells the story o a female [[American Cocker Spaniel]] named Lady who lifes wi a refined, upper-middle-cless faimily an a male stray [[mongrel|mutt]] cried the Tramp. When the twa dogs meet, thay embark on mony romantic adventures an faw in luve. Directit bi [[Clyde Geronimi]], [[Wilfred Jackson]], an [[Hamilton Luske]], the film featurs the vyces o [[Barbara Luddy]], [[Larry Roberts (actor)|Larry Roberts]], [[Bill Thompson (voice actor)|Bill Thompson]], Bill Baucom, [[Verna Felton]], an [[Peggy Lee]].

A [[direct-tae-video]] sequel, ''[[Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure]]'', wis released in 2001. An upcomin [[Lady and the Tramp (2019 film)|live action remake]] o the film is in active development for Disney's planned streaming service [[Disney+]].

==Plot==
&lt;!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature film articles should be between 400 and 700 words in length. Current word count is 698 words. --&gt;
On Christmas evenin, 1909, in a quaint Midwestern toun, Jim Dear gies his wife Darling an [[American Cocker Spaniel]] puppy whom she names Lady. Lady enjoys a joyful life wi the couple an befriends twa local neighborhood dugs, Jock, a [[Scottish terrier]], an Trusty, a [[bloodhound]]. Meanwhile, across toun, a stray mutt cried the Tramp lives on his ain, dinin on scraps frae Tony's [[Italian cuisine|Italian restaurant]] an protectin his fellow strays Peg (a [[Pekingese]]) an Bull (a [[bulldog]]) frae the local [[animal control officer|dogcatcher]]. Ane day, Lady is saddened efter her owners begin treatin her rather coldly. Jock an Trusty veesit her an determine that thair chynge in behaviour is due tae Darling expectin a baby. While Jock an Trusty try tae expleen what a baby is, Tramp interrupts the conversation an offers his ain thoughts on the matter, makin Jock and Trusty tak an immediate dislike tae the stray an order him oot o the yard. As Tramp leaves, he reminds Lady that &quot;when a baby moves in, a dog moves out.&quot;

Eventually, the baby arrives an the couple introduces Lady tae the infant, o whom Lady becomes very fond an protective. Suin efter, Jim Dear an Darling leave for a trip, wi thair Aunt Sarah leukin efter the baby an the hoose. Aunt Sarah's two trouble-makin [[Siamese cat]]s, Si an Am, deliberately mess up the hoose, knowin Lady will get in trouble for it, an then get her in even mair trouble bi trickin Aunt Sarah intae thinkin that Lady attacked them. Aunt Sarah then taks Lady tae a pet shop tae get a muzzle. Terrified, Lady flees, anly tae be pursued bi a trio o stray dugs. Tramp rescues her, fightin off the vicious strays, an finds a [[beaver]] at the local zoo who can remove the muzzle. Later, Tramp shows Lady how he lives &quot;footloose and collar-free&quot;, eventually leadin intae a candlelit dinner at Tony's. Lady begins tae faw in luve wi Tramp, but she chooses tae return home in order tae watch ower the baby. Tramp offers tae escort Lady back home, but when Tramp decides tae chase hens aroond a farmyard for fun, Lady is captured bi the dog catcher an brocht tae the local dog pound. While at the pound, the ither dogs reveal tae Lady that Tramp has haed multiple girlfriends in the past, an thay feel it is unlikely that he will ever settle doun. Lady is eventually claimed bi Aunt Sarah, who chains her in the backyard as punishment for runnin away.

Jock an Trusty veesit tae comfort Lady, but when Tramp arrives tae apologize, Lady angrily lashes out at him aboot his past girlfriends an failure tae rescue her frae the pound. Tramp sadly leaves, but immediately thereafter a rat sneaks intae the hoose. Lady sees the rat an barks frantically at it, but Aunt Sarah tells her tae be quiet. Tramp hears her barkin an rushes back, enterin the hoose an cornerin the rat in the nursery. Lady breaks free an rushes tae the nursery, whaur Tramp inadvertently knocks ower the baby's crib afore ultimately killin the rat. The commotion alerts Aunt Sarah, wha thinks thay harmed the baby. She pushes Tramp in a closet an locks Lady in the basement, then calls the pound tae tak Tramp away. Jim Dear an Darling return home as the dug catcher departs, an when thay release Lady, she leads them tae the deid rat. Overhearin everythin, Jock an Trusty chase efter the dug catcher's wagon. The dugs are able tae track doun the wagon an scare the horses, causin the wagon tae crash. Jim Dear arrives in a taxi wi Lady, wha reunites wi Tramp, but Trusty is injured bi the wagon.

That Christmas, Tramp haes been adoptit intae the faimily, an he an Lady hae stairtit thair ain faimily, wi Lady havin gien birth tae a litter o fower puppies (three dochters who leuk identical tae Lady an [[Scamp (comics)|ane son who looks identical tae Tramp]]). Jock comes tae see the faimily alang wi Trusty, who is recovered an merely suffered a broken leg, an are formally welcomed as guests by the humans. Thanks tae the puppies, Trusty haes a fresh audience for his auld stories, but he haes forgotten them.

==Cast==
* [[Barbara Luddy]] as Lady, an [[American Cocker Spaniel]].
* [[Larry Roberts (actor)|Larry Roberts]] as Tramp&lt;!-- see talk page about character name --&gt;, a [[mongrel|mutt]] o apparent [[Terrier]] ancestry, wi a knack for dodgin dog-catchers. He calls Lady &quot;Pidge&quot;, short for Pigeon, which he calls her due tae her [[naivety]]. He never refers tae himsel bi name, although most o the film's canine cast refer tae him as the Tramp. It is nae until the sequel in which any humans call him Tramp, an it is never explained why thay &quot;name&quot; him wi the very name he wis kent bi on the streets. Tramp haed ither names in the film, an when asked bi Lady aboot having a faimily, Tramp states that he haes, &quot;One for every day of the week. Point is, none of them have me.&quot; Each faimily mentioned cried him a different name (sic as Mike or Fritzi). The faimilies an aa haed different nationalities (sic as Erse or German). As he did nae belong tae a single faimily, Tramp implied that it wis easier than the baby problems Lady wis goin throu at the time.
* [[Bill Thompson (voice actor)|Bill Thompson]] as Jock, a [[Scottish Terrier]] who is ane o Lady's neighbors. Thompson an aa voiced Joe, Tony's assistant chef; Bull, a stray male [[bulldog]] frae the dug pound who speaks wi a slicht Cockney accent; Dachsie, a stray male [[dachshund]] at the dug pound who speaks wi a German accent; a policeman; an Jim's friend.
* Bill Baucom as Trusty, a [[bloodhound]] who used tae track criminals wi his Grandpappy, Old Reliable, until he lost his sense o smell.
* [[Verna Felton]] as Aunt Sarah, Jim Dear's aunt (revealed tae be the sister o Jim Dear's mither in the Greene novelization o the film) who comes tae tak care o the baby when Jim Dear an Darling leave for a few days. She is a well-meanin busybody o a maiden aunt who adores her Siamese cats, but does not believe that dugs should be around babies. She blames baith Lady an Tramp for the baby's crib bein knocked over, not knowin that thay war actually protectin the baby frae a vicious rat. Houiver, she sends a box o dog biscuits for Christmas in the final scene o the film in a presumed attempt tae make amends for her mistreatment o the twa dugs.
* [[George Givot]] as Tony, owner an chef o Tony's [[Italian cuisine|Italian restaurant]]. He an Joe baith hae great affection for Tramp.
* Lee Millar as Jim Dear, the faitherly human figure an Darling's husband. Millar an aa voiced the Dogcatcher.
* [[Peggy Lee]] as Darling, the mitherly human figure an Jim Dear's wife. Lee an aa voiced Si an Am, Aunt's Sarah's twin [[Siamese cat]]s wi a knack for mischief an never-ending trouble; an Peg, a stray female [[Pekingese]] whom Lady meets at the pound (alang wi the ither dog inmates she wis put in a cage wi). The names o Si an Am are a play on the country o [[Siam]]. It is implied that Peg haed a relationship wi Tramp in the past, throu the lyrics o the sang she sings (''He's a Tramp''). Peg wis formerly frae the &quot;Dog and Pony Follies&quot; ([[dog and pony show]]); either the show ended or she wis left behind. Peg haes a [[New York Dialect|Brooklyn Accent]].
* [[Stan Freberg]] as the beaver, a clever, hard-working beaver at the zoo who speaks wi a lisp. He gnaws off the muzzle that Aunt Sarah haed placed upon Lady efter Tramp realizes that the muzzle is juist what the beaver needs for pullin logs. This character wad later serve as the inspiration for [[Gopher (Winnie-the-Pooh)|Gopher]] frae ''[[Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree]]'' (1966), doun tae the speech pattern (a whistlin sound when he makes the &quot;S&quot; sound). Stan Freberg, who voiced the beaver in the film, haed an extensive background in commercial an comedy recordin voice overs an soundtracks. On the 2-Disc Platinum Edition DVD he demonstrates how it wis done an that a whistle wis eventually used acause it wis hard tae continue repeatin the effect.
* [[Alan Reed]] as Boris, a stray male [[Borzoi]] frae the dug pound. He speaks wi a Russian accent.
* [[Thurl Ravenscroft]] as Al the alligator, an alligator that Tramp asks tae remove the muzzle frae Lady. Houiver, he instead almost bites Lady's head off.
* [[Dallas McKennon]] as Toughy, a stray male mutt frae the dug pound. He speaks wi a slicht Brooklyn accent, lik Peg. McKennon an aa voiced Pedro, a stray male [[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]] frae the dug pound who speaks wi a Mexican accent; a professor, an a laughin hyena.
* [[The Mellomen]] ([[Thurl Ravenscroft]], [[Bill Lee (sangster)|Bill Lee]], Max Smith, Bob Hamlin and Bob Stevens) as Dog Chorus

==Production==
===Story development===
In 1937, Disney story man [[Joe Grant]] came up wi an idea inspired bi the antics o his [[English Springer Spaniel]] Lady, an how she got &quot;shoved aside&quot; bi Joe's new baby. He approached Walt Disney wi sketches o Lady. Disney enjoyed the sketches an commissioned Grant tae stairt story development on a new animatit featur teetled ''Lady''.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;&gt;{{cite video|title=''Lady and the Tramp'' Platinum Edition DVD, Disc 2: &quot;Behind the Scenes: Story Development&quot;|people=Eric Goldberg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Throu the late 1930s an early 1940s, Joe Grant an ither artists worked on the story, takkin a variety o approaches, but Disney wisna pleased wi ony o them, primarily acause he thocht Lady wis too sweet, an thare wisna enough action.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt;

Walt Disney read the short story written bi [[Ward Greene]], &quot;Happy Dan, the Cynical Dog&quot;, in ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'', published in 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Greene|first1=Ward|title=Happy Dan, The Cynical Dog|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cosmopolitan_1945-02_118_2/page/n22|journal=Cosmopolitan|date=February 1945|volume=118|issue=2|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; He thocht that Grant's story wad be improved if Lady fell in luve wi a cynical dog character lik the ane in Greene's story, an bought the rights tae it.&lt;ref name=&quot;thomas&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Thomas|first=Bob|chapter=Chapter 7: The Postwar Films|pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim0000thom_c5f8/page/103 103]–104|title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Hercules|url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim0000thom_c5f8|year=1997|isbn=0-7868-6241-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cynical dog haed various names during development, includin Homer, Rags, an Bozo, afore &quot;Tramp&quot; wis chosen.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;&gt;{{cite web|work=Disney Archives|title=''Lady and the Tramp'' History|url=https://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/ladytramp/ladytramp.html|deadurl=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224175329/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/ladytramp/ladytramp.html|archive-date=February 24, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The finished film is slichtly different frae what wis oreeginally planned. Lady wis tae hae anly ane next-door neighbor, a [[Ralph Bellamy]]-teep canine named Hubert. Hubert wis later replaced wi Jock an Trusty. Aunt Sarah wis the traditional overbearing mither-in-law. In the final film, she is softened tae a busybody who, though antagonistic towards Lady an Tramp, is well-meanin (she sends a packet o dug biscuits tae the dugs at Christmas tae apologize for mistreatin them). Aunt Sarah's Nip an Tuck war later renamed Si an Am.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt; Oreeginally, Lady's owners war cried Jim Brown an Elizabeth. Thir war changed tae hielicht Lady's pynt o view. Thay war briefly referred tae as &quot;Mister&quot; an &quot;Missis&quot; afore settling on the names &quot;Jim Dear&quot; an &quot;Darling&quot;. Tae maintain a dog's [[perspective (visual)|perspective]], Darling an Jim's faces are rarely shawn, seemilar tae [[Mammy Two Shoes]] in the ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' cartoons. The rat wis a somewhat comic character in early sketches, but became a great deal mair frightening, due tae the need tae raise dramatic tension. A scene creatit but then deleted wis ane in which efter Trusty says &quot;Everybody knows, a dog's best friend is his human&quot;, Tramp describes a warld in which the roles of baith dogs an humans are switched; the dugs are the masters an vice versa.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt; Thare wis a luve triangle amang Lady, Tramp, an a [[Russian wolfhound]] named Boris (who appears in the dog pound in the final version).&lt;ref&gt;Deleted Scenes, Backstage Disney Diamond Edition, ''Lady and the Tramp'' 2012 Blu-ray&lt;/ref&gt;

The film's openin sequence, in which Darling unwraps a hat box on Christmas morning an finds Lady inside, is inspired bi an incident when Walt Disney presented his wife Lily wi a [[Chow chow|Chow]] puppy as a gift in a hat box tae mak up for having previously forgotten a dinner date wi her.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|title=''Walt: The Man Behind the Myth'': Pre-production of ''Lady and the Tramp''|format=DVD|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1949, Grant left the studio, yet Disney story men war continually pulling Grant's oreeginal drawings an story off the shelf tae retool.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt; A solit story began takkin shape in 1953,&lt;ref name=&quot;thomas&quot;/&gt; based on Grant's storyboards an Greene's short story.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt; Greene later wrote a [[novelization]] o the film that wis released two years afore the film itself, at [[Walt Disney]]'s insistence, sae that audiences wad be familiar wi the story.&lt;ref name=&quot;backstage&quot;/&gt; Grant did nae receive film credit for his story work, an issue that animation director [[Eric Goldberg (film director)|Eric Goldberg]] hoped tae rectify in the ''Lady and the Tramp'' Platinum Edition's behind-the-scenes vignette that explained Grant's role.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt;

Sangster [[Peggy Lee]] nae anly voiced four chairacters but co-wrote six sangs for the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Weinraub|first1=Bernard|title=It's a Small World After All, Mr. Eisner|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/07/business/it-s-a-small-world-after-all-mr-eisner.html|work=The New York Times|date=August 7, 1995|access-date=September 13, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Animation===
As thay haed done wi deer on ''[[Bambi]]'', the animators studied mony dugs o different breeds tae captur the movement an personality o dogs. Awtho the spaghetti eatin sequence is probably nou the best kent scene frae the film, Walt Disney wis prepared tae cut it, thinkin that it wad nae be romantic an that dogs eatin spaghetti wad leuk silly. Animator [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]] wis against Walt's decision and animatit the entire scene himsel wioot ony lay-outs. Walt wis impressed bi Thomas's work an how he romanticized the scene an kept the scene in.&lt;ref name=&quot;DVD&quot;/&gt; On viewing the first tak o the scene, the animators felt that the action should be slowed doun, sae an apprentice trainee wis assigned tae creaut &quot;half numbers&quot; in atween mony o the oreeginal frames.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Ken|last=Jones|date=September 1986|title=Willie Ito|work=[[Comics Interview]]|issue=38|page=49|publisher=[[Fictioneer Books]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oreeginally, the background airtist wis supposed tae be [[Mary Blair]] an she did some inspirational sketches for the film. Houiver, she left the studio tae acome a childer's beuk illustrator in 1953. Claude Coats wis then appyntit as the key background airtist. Coats made models o the interiors o Jim Dear an Darling's hoose, an shot photos an film at a law perspective as reference tae maintain a dug's view.&lt;ref name=&quot;backstage&quot;&gt;{{cite video|title=''Lady and the Tramp'' Platinum Edition DVD. Disc 2: &quot;Disney Backstage&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eyvind Earle (who later became the airt director o Disney's ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]'') did awmaist 50 miniature concept sketches for the Bella Notte sequence an wis a key contributor tae the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;backstage&quot;/&gt;

====CinemaScope====
Oreeginally, ''Lady and the Tramp'' wis planned tae be filmed in a regular [[full frame]] [[aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]]. Houiver, due tae the growin interest o [[widescreen]] film amongst movie-goers, Disney decidit tae animate the film in [[CinemaScope]] makin ''Lady and the Tramp'' the first animatit featur filmed in the process.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt; This new innovation presented additional problems for the animators: the expansion o space creatit mair realism but gae fewer closeups.&lt;ref name=&quot;thomas&quot;/&gt; It an aa made it difficult for a single chairacter tae dominate the screen sae that groups haed tae be spread oot tae keep the screen frae appearin sparse.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt; Langer takes acome necessar syne constant jump-cutting wad seem too busy or annoying.&lt;ref name=&quot;finch&quot;/&gt; Layout artists essentially haed tae reinvent thair technique. Animators haed tae remember that thay haed tae muive thair characters across a background instead o the background passing behind them.&lt;ref name=&quot;thomas&quot;/&gt; Yet the animators overcame thir obstacles durin the action scenes, sic as Tramp killin the rat.&lt;ref name=&quot;finch&quot;/&gt;

Mair problems arose as the premiere date got closer syne nae aw theaters haed the capability tae shaw CinemaScope at the time. Upon learnin this, Walt issued twa versions o the film: ane in widescreen, an anither in the [[Academy ratio]]. This involved gatherin the layout artists tae restructure key scenes when chairacters war on the edges o the screen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite video|title=''Lady and the Tramp'' Platinum Edition DVD, Disc 2: &quot;Behind the Scenes&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Release==
''Lady and the Tramp'' wis oreeginally released tae theaters on Juin 22, 1955. An episode o ''[[Walt Disney anthology television series|Disneyland]]'' cried &quot;A Story of Dogs&quot; aired afore the film's release.&lt;ref&gt;Newcomb (2001), p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt; The film wis an aa reissued tae theaters in 1962, 1972, 1980, an 1986. ''Lady and the Tramp'' an aa played a leemitit engagement in select [[Cinemark Theatres]] frae Februar 16–18, 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Wire|first=Business|url=https://www.dailyfinance.com/2013/02/13/cinemark-announces-the-return-of-favorite-disney-c/|title=Cinemark Announces the Return of Favorite Disney Classic Animated Movies to the Big Screen|publisher=Dailyfinance.com|date=February 13, 2013|access-date=April 14, 2014|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105021126/https://www.dailyfinance.com/2013/02/13/cinemark-announces-the-return-of-favorite-disney-c/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Home media===
''Lady and the Tramp'' wis first released on North American VHS an [[Laserdisc]] in 1987 as pairt o the [[Walt Disney Classics]] video series an in the United Kingdom in 1990. At the end o its initial home video release, it wis reported tae have sauld mair nor three million copies acomin the best-sellin videocassette at the time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Yarrow|first=Andrew|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/22/arts/video-cassettes-pushing-books-off-shelves.html|title=Video Cassettes Pushing Books Off Shelves|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 22, 1988|access-date=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; It went intae [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on March 31, 1988.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Stevens|first=Mary|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-03-18/entertainment/8803010722_1_playboy-video-hbo-video-disney-home-video|title='Lady and the Tramp' Going Back To Vault|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=March 18, 1988|access-date=June 12, 2018|archive-date=2018-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819045237/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-03-18/entertainment/8803010722_1_playboy-video-hbo-video-disney-home-video|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was released on VHS in 1998 as pairt o the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection video series. A Disney Limited Issue series DVD o the film wis released on November 23, 1999 for a leemitit sixty-day time period.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Disney+to+Debut+Nine+Classic+Animated+Titles+on+DVD+for+a+Limited...-a055479044|title=Disney to Debut Nine Classic Animated Titles on DVD for a Limited Time to Celebrate the Millennium.|location=[[Burbank, California]]|agency=Business Wire|publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com#TheFreeLibrary.com|TheFreeLibrary]]|date=August 17, 1999|access-date=June 12, 2018|archive-date=2018-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084632/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Disney+to+Debut+Nine+Classic+Animated+Titles+on+DVD+for+a+Limited...-a055479044|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Efter the first release on video tapes, Peggy Lee socht performance an song royalties on the video sales. Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]] refused, thus she filed suit in 1988. Eventually in 1992, the California Court of Appeals order Disney tae pay Lee $3.2 million in compensation or about a 4% on the video sales.&lt;ref name=&quot;nyt&quot; /&gt;

''Lady and the Tramp'' wis remastered an restored for DVD on Februar 28, 2006, as the seivent installment o Disney's Platinum Editions series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.ultimatedisney.com/ladyandthetramp-platinumedition-pressrelease.html|title=From the Disney Vault! The 50th Anniversary 2-Disc DVD Walt Disney's Lady and the Tramp 50th Anniversary Edition|location=Burbank, California|agency=[[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment|Buena Vista Home Entertainment]]|publisher=Ultimate Disney|date=October 20, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; On its first day, ane million copies o the Platinum Edition war sauld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Ault|first1=Susanne|last2=Netherby|first2=Jennifer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060314153823/http://www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6312352.htm|url=http://www.videobusiness.com/article/CA6312352.html|title=''Walk the Line'' Stomps Competition; ''Lady and the Tramp'', ''Pride &amp; Prejudice'' also bow well|publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]|date=March 2, 2006|archive-date=March 12, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Platinum Edition DVD went on moratorium on Januar 31, 2007, alang wi the 2006 DVD re-issue of the film's sequel ''[[Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/disney-closes-the-vault|title=Disney Closes the Vault|website=[[IGN]]|date=September 29, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Lady and the Tramp'' wis released on [[Blu-ray]] on Februar 7, 2012 as a pairt of Disney's Diamond Editions series.&lt;ref name=&quot;Toon Zone&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Disney to Release Two Amazing Classics From the Vault in 2012|url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/39424/pr-disney-to-release-lady-amp-the-tramp-and-cinderella-on-blu-ray-diamond-editions-in-2012|newspaper=Toon Zone|date=November 11, 2011|access-date=November 11, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114154040/http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/39424/pr-disney-to-release-lady-amp-the-tramp-and-cinderella-on-blu-ray-diamond-editions-in-2012|archive-date=November 14, 2011|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; A standalone 1-disc DVD edition wis released on Mairch 20, 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=8637821|title=Lady and the Tramp DVD Movie|access-date=December 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Lady-Tramp-Bill-Thompson/dp/B0061QD88S/ref=sr_1_4?s=movies-tv&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1330359764&amp;sr=1-4|title=Amazon.com: Lady and the Tramp: Bill Thompson, Peggy Lee, Larry Roberts, Barbara Luddy, Bill Baucom: Movies &amp; TV|access-date=February 27, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Lady and the Tramp'' wis re-released on Digital HD on Februar 20, 2018 an on Blu-ray Februar 27, 2018 as pairt o the Walt Disney Signature Collection Line.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rotoscopers.com/2018/01/06/lady-and-the-tramp-to-join-walt-disney-signature-collection-in-february/|title=‘Lady and the Tramp’ to Join Walt Disney Signature Collection in February|publisher=Rotoscopers|access-date=January 6, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
During its initial release, the film wis initially panned bi critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/ladyandthetramp/index.html|title=Walt and Education: Part I|publisher=The Walt Disney Family Museum|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822192056/http://disney.go.com/disneyatoz/familymuseum/exhibits/articles/ladyandthetramp/index.html|archive-date=August 22, 2007|access-date=December 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bosley Crowther]] o ''[[The New York Times]]'' claimed the film wis &quot;not the best [Disney] has done in this line. The sentimentality is mighty, and the CinemaScope size does not make for any less aware of the thickness of the goo. It also magnifies the animation, so that the flaws and poor foreshortening are more plain. Unfortunately, and surprisingly, the artists' work is below par in this film.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/06/24/archives/screen-dogs-and-lovers-disneys-lady-and-the-tramp-at-roxy.html|title=Screen: Dogs and Lovers; Disney's 'Lady and the Tramp' at Roxy|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 24, 1955|access-date=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' wrote &quot;Walt Disney has for so long parlayed gooey sentiment and stark horror into profitable cartoons that most moviegoers are apt to be more surprised than disappointed to discover that the combination somehow does not work this time.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807375,00.html|title=Cinema: The New Pictures|magazine=Time|date=July 11, 1955|access-date=June 12, 2018|archive-date=2008-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215060844/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807375,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' deemed the film &quot;a delight for the juveniles and a joy for adults&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=''Variety'' Staff|url=https://variety.com/1954/film/reviews/lady-and-the-tramp-1200417885/|title=Lady and the Tramp|publisher=''Variety''|access-date=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Houiver, the film haes syne gone on tae acome regarded as a classic. [[Dave Kehr]], writin for ''[[The Chicago Tribune]]'' gave the film four stars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Kehr|first=Dave|url=https://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-12-19/entertainment/8604050010_1_character-animation-peggy-lee-love-story|title='Lady and the Tramp' Love Story Still Works -- 31 Years Later|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=December 19, 1986|access-date=June 12, 2018|archive-date=2015-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801020629/https://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-12-19/entertainment/8604050010_1_character-animation-peggy-lee-love-story|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Animation historian Charles Solomon praised the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Solomon|first=Charles|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1986-12-19/entertainment/ca-3690_1_american-tail|title=Movie Review : A Fresh Look At 'Lady And The Tramp'|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 19, 1986|access-date=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The sequence o Lady an Tramp sharin a plate o spaghetti — climaxed bi an accidental kiss as thay swallow opposite ends o the same strand o spaghetti — is considered an iconic scene in American film history.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmsite.org/iconicfilmscenes.html|title=100 Most Iconic Film Images, Moments, or Scenes|last=Dirks|first=Tim|work=filmsite|publisher=AMC|access-date=December 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[review aggregator]] website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received a 93% approval rating, wi an average ratin of 7.92/10, based on 41 reviews. The website's consensus states, &quot;A nostalgic charmer, ''Lady and the Tramp''{{'}}s token sweetness is mighty but the songs and richly colored animation are technically superb and make for a memorable experience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lady_and_the_tramp/|title=Lady and the Tramp (1955)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|access-date=March 1, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Lady and the Tramp'' wis named nummer 95 oot o the &quot;100 Greatest Love Stories of All Time&quot; bi the [[American Film Institute]] in thair ''[[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|100 Years...100 Passions]]'' special, as ane of anly two animatit films tae appear on the leet, alang wi Disney's ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' which ranked 34th.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=AFI|title=''100 Years...100 Passions'' List of 100 Winning Movies|format=PDF|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248l|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093057/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248l|archive-date=July 7, 2011|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2010, [[Rhapsody (online music service)|Rhapsody]] cried its accompanying soundtrack ane o the aw-time great Disney &amp; Pixar soundtracks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Essential Disney &amp; Pixar Soundtracks|url=https://blog.rhapsody.com/2010/06/disney.html|date=June 15, 2010|access-date=July 27, 2010|author=Richard Corliss|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002121800/http://blog.rhapsody.com/2010/06/disney.html|archive-date=October 2, 2011|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Juin 2011, [[Time (magazine)|''TIME'']] named it ane o &quot;The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films&amp;nbsp;– Lady and the Tramp|url=https://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079149_2079152,00.html|work=Time|author=Richard Corliss|date=June 23, 2011|access-date=August 19, 2011|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706122359/https://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2079149_2079152,00.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Box office===
In its initial release, the film teuk in a higher figure than ony ither Disney animatit featur syne ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Television: The Critical View|last=Newcomb|first=Horace|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-511927-4|page=27}}&lt;/ref&gt; earning an estimated $6.5 million in domestic box office rentals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/variety201-1956-01|title=1955's Top Film Grossers|page=1|publisher=''Variety''|date=January 25, 1956|access-date=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Lady and the Tramp'' haes haed a domestic lifetime gross o $93.6 million,&lt;ref name=&quot;mojo&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Russell|first=Candice|url=https://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-11-22/features/9102180126_1_mrs-potts-animation-department-beast|title=A Box-office Draw A French Fairy Tale That Has Been Languishing At Disney Studios For Years, Beauty And The Beast Now Seems Destined To Join The Ranks Of The Very Best Animated Classics.|page=2|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=November 22, 1991|access-date=June 12, 2018|archive-date=2018-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084648/https://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-11-22/features/9102180126_1_mrs-potts-animation-department-beast|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an a lifetime international gross o $187 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;DisneyWW&quot;/&gt;

===Accolades===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- &quot;
! Year
! Ceremony
! Award
! Result
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1956
| [[9th British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;Bafta Awards http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/nominations/?year=1955&lt;/ref&gt;
| Best Animatit Film
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[David di Donatello|David di Donatello Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;{{it icon}} Academia del Cinema Italiano {{cite web|url=http://www.daviddidonatello.it/english/premia.php|title=Archived copy|access-date=November 15, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103225831/http://www.daviddidonatello.it/english/premia.php|archive-date=November 3, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Best Foreign Producer&lt;small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Walt Disney)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
| {{Won}}
|-
| 2006
| [[Satellite Award]]s&lt;ref&gt;Press Academy {{cite web|url=http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards2006.shtml|title=Archived copy|access-date=March 6, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718091353/http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards2006.shtml|archive-date=July 18, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Best Youth DVD
| {{nom}}
|}

;[[American Film Institute]] Lists
* [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]]&amp;nbsp;– Nominated&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=American Film Institute|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees|format=PDF|access-date=April 13, 2014|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]]&amp;nbsp;– No. 95
* [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]:
** He's a Tramp&amp;nbsp;– Nominated&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=American Film Institute|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees|format=PDF|access-date=April 13, 2014|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]]&amp;nbsp;– Nominated&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=American Film Institute|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/musicals_ballot.pdf|title=AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals Nominees|format=PDF|access-date=April 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[AFI's 10 Top 10]]&amp;nbsp;– Nominated Animated Film&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=American Film Institute|url=http://www.afi.com/drop/ballot.pdf|title=AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot|access-date=April 13, 2014|archive-date=2017-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326214614/http://www.afi.com/drop/ballot.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name       = Lady and the Tramp
| type       = soundtrack
| artist     = Various artists
| cover      =
| alt        =
| released   = September 9, 1997
| recorded   =
| venue      =
| studio     =
| genre      = Classical
| length     = 48:00
| label      = [[Walt Disney Records|Walt Disney]]
| producer   = Ted Kryczko &lt;small&gt;(executive)&lt;/small&gt;
| prev_title =
| prev_year  =
| next_title =
| next_year  =
}}

{{Album ratings
| rev1      = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Allmusic|class=album|id=mw0000028327}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
The score for the film wis componed an conducted bi [[Oliver Wallace]]. It wis the last Disney animatit film for which Oliver Wallace did the score, as the scores for the next six Disney animatit films war componed bi [[George Bruns]]. Recordin airtist [[Peggy Lee]] wrote the sangs wi [[Sonny Burke]] an assisted wi the score as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt; In the film, she sings &quot;La La Lu&quot;, &quot;The Siamese Cat Song&quot;, an &quot;He's a Tramp&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=Peggy Lee's Official Website|title=Peggy Lee's Film Appearances|url=http://www.peggylee.com/solos/films.html|access-date=2017-05-30|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528120310/http://www.peggylee.com/solos/films.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; She helped promote the film on the Disney TV series, expleenin her work wi the score an singin a few o the film's nummers.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive&quot;/&gt; Thir appearances are available as pairt o the ''Lady and the Tramp'' Platinum Edition DVD set.

On November 16, 1988, Peggy Lee sued the Walt Disney Company for breach o contract, claimin that she retained the rights tae transcriptions o the music, arguin that videotape editions war transcriptions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/17/movies/peggy-lee-is-suing-disney.html|title=Peggy Lee article|work=The New York Times|first=Glenn|last=Collins|date=November 17, 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efter a protracted legal battle, she wis awairdit $2.3 million in 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/2066858.stm|title=Stars share royalties victory|date=June 26, 2002|access-date=January 5, 2010|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The remastered soundtrack o ''Lady and the Tramp'' wis released on CD bi [[Walt Disney Records]] on September 9, 1997, an wis released as a digital download on September 26, 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Lady and the Tramp [Disney] - Original Soundtrack|website=AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/lady-and-the-tramp-disney-mw0000028327|access-date=February 4, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| title1  = Main Title ([[Bella Notte]]) / The Wag of a Dog's Tail
| length1 = 2:03
| title2  = Peace on Earth ([[Silent Night (sang)|Silent Night]])
| length2 = 1:01
| title3  = It Has a Ribbon / Lady to Bed / A Few Mornings Later
| length3 = 3:53
| title4  = Sunday / The Rat / Morning Paper
| length4 = 1:44
| title5  = A New Blue Collar / Lady Talks To Jock &amp; Trusty / It's Jim Dear
| length5 = 3:17
| title6  = What a Day! / Breakfast at Tony's
| length6 = 1:05
| title7  = Warning / Breakout / Snob Hill / A Wee Bairn
| length7 = 2:44
| title8  = Countdown to B-Day
| length8 = 2:05
| title9  = Baby's First Morning / What Is a Baby / La La Lu
| length9 = 3:11
| title10 = Going Away / Aunt Sarah
| length10 = 1:51
| title11 = The Siamese Cat Song / What's Going on Down There?
| length11 = 2:35
| title12 = The Muzzle / Wrong Side of the Tracks
| length12 = 1:54
| title13 = You Poor Kid / He's Not My Dog
| length13 = 1:23
| title14 = Through the Zoo / A Log Puller
| length14 = 1:59
| title15 = Footloose and Collar-Free / A Night at the Restaurant / Bella Notte
| length15 = 4:22
| title16 = It's Morning / Ever Chase Chickens / Caught
| length16 = 2:51
| title17 = Home Sweet Home
| length17 = 1:30
| title18 = The Pound
| length18 = 1:27
| title19 = What a Dog / He's a Tramp
| length19 = 2:24
| title20 = In the Doghouse / The Rat Returns / Falsely Accused / We've Got to Stop That Wagon / Trusty's Sacrifice
| length20 = 6:05
| title21 = Watch the Birdie / Visitors
| length21 = 2:05
| title22 = Finale (Peace on Earth)
| length22 = 0:31
| total_length = 48:00
}}

==Other media==
===Sequel===
On Februar 27, 2001, [[Disney Television Animation]] released a direct-tae-video sequel tae the film teetled ''[[Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure]]''. Produced 46 years efter its predecessor an set twa years an a few months efter the events o the first film, it centers on the adventures o Lady an Tramp's anly son, [[Scamp (comics)|Scamp]], who desires tae be a wild dog. He runs away frae his faimily an joins a gang o [[wrecking yard|junkyard]] dugs tae fulfill his longin for freedom an a life wioot rules. Reviews for the sequel war generally mixed tae negative, wi critics pannin its plot.

===Live-action adaptation===
On Februar 8, 2018, it wis announced that [[Walt Disney Pictures]] wis developin a live-action remake o the film. The film wis expected tae premiere on the [[Disney+|then-unnamed upcoming streaming service]] that wis set tae launch in the fall o 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/02/disney-streaming-service-launch-slate-star-wars-marvel-1202281846/|title=Disney Unveils Inaugural Streaming Service Launch Slate To Town; No R-Rated Fare|website=Deadline|last=Fleming Jr.|first=Mike|date=February 8, 2018|access-date=February 8, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; On March 19, 2018, it wis announced that film wis set tae be directed bi [[Charlie Bean (animator)|Charlie Bean]] from a screenplay bi Andrew Bujalski wi Brigham Taylor servin as a producer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/disney-live-action-lady-tramp-remake-director/|title=Disney’s Live-Action Lady and the Tramp Remake Gets a Director|website=Screen Rant|last=Hood|first=Cooper|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=March 19, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/lady-tramp-remake-be-directed-by-charlie-bean-1094301/|title='Lego Ninjago Movie' Director Tackling Live-Action 'Lady and the Tramp' (Exclusive)|author=Borys Kit|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=June 5, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=N'Duka|first1=Amanda|title=Charlie Bean To Helm Disney’s Live-Action ‘Lady And The Tramp’ Adaptation|url=https://deadline.com/2018/03/charlie-bean-disney-live-action-lady-and-the-tramp-movie-1202345900/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=March 19, 2018|access-date=July 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film began shooting in [[Atlanta]] an [[Savannah, Georgia]] in September 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://omegaunderground.com/2018/04/14/live-action-lady-and-the-tramp-movie-shoots-this-fall-in-georgia/|title=Live-Action ‘Lady And The Tramp’ Movie Shoots This Fall In Georgia|author=Christopher Marc|date=April 15, 2018|access-date=June 5, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2018, [[Ashley Jensen]] had been cast in the voice role o Jackie, a gender swapped version o Jock,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/lady-and-the-tramp-movie-ashley-jensen-cast-disney-1202433410/|title=Disney’s ‘Lady And The Tramp’ Reboot Sets First Cast With ‘Extras’ &amp; ‘Sherlock Gnomes’ Actress Ashley Jensen|website=Deadline|last=Wiseman|first=Andreas|date=July 25, 2018|access-date=July 25, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; while [[Justin Theroux]] an [[Sam Elliot]] had been cast in the voice roles o Tramp an Trusty, respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/justin-theroux-lady-and-the-tramp-disney/|title=Exclusive: Justin Theroux to Star in ‘Lady and the Tramp’ for Disney’s Streaming Service|website=Collider|last=Sneider|first=Jeff|date=July 26, 2018|access-date=July 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Couch|first1=Aaron|title=Justin Theroux to Voice Star in Disney's 'Lady and the Tramp' Remake|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/lady-tramp-remake-star-justin-theroux-1130108|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=July 26, 2018|access-date=July 26, 2018|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=EXCLUSIVE: Sam Elliott Joins Disney’s LADY AND THE TRAMP Remake {{!}} That Hashtag Show|url=http://www.thathashtagshow.com/2018/07/30/exclusive-sam-elliot-joins-disneys-lady-and-the-tramp-remake/|website=That Hashtag Show|date=July 30, 2018|access-date=October 3, 2018|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006010322/http://thathashtagshow.com/2018/07/30/exclusive-sam-elliot-joins-disneys-lady-and-the-tramp-remake/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bi the end o the month, [[Kiersey Clemons]] entered talks tae portray Darling, Lady's owner.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/kiersey-clemons-disneys-lady-and-the-tramp-1202891422/|title=Kiersey Clemons in Talks to Join Disney’s Live-Action ‘Lady and the Tramp’ (EXCLUSIVE)|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=July 31, 2018|access-date=July 31, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2018, it wis reported that [[Tessa Thompson]] an [[Benedict Wong]] had been cast in the voice roles o Lady an Bull, respectively, an that [[Thomas Mann (actor)|Thomas Mann]] had been cast in the live-action role o Jim Dear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/tessa-thompson-lady-and-the-tramp-benedict-wong/|title=Exclusive: Tessa Thompson to Star in ‘Lady and the Tramp’ for Disney’s Streaming Service|last=Sneider|first=Jeff|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|date=August 14, 2018|access-date=August 14, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/thomas-mann-lady-and-the-tramp-jim-dear-1202909041/|title=Thomas Mann Joins Disney’s Live-Action ‘Lady and the Tramp’ (EXCLUSIVE)|website=Variety|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=August 17, 2018|access-date=August 17, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2018, it wis announced that [[Yvette Nicole Brown]] an [[Adrian Martinez (actor)|Adrian Martinez]] had been cast in the live-action roles o Aunt Sarah an the dog-catcher Elliot, respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Yvette Nicole Brown Joins Live-Action ‘Lady and the Tramp’|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/yvette-nicole-brown-lady-and-the-tramp-1202926182/|website=Variety|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|date=September 4, 2018|access-date=September 4, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Adrian Martinez Joins Disney’s ‘Lady and the Tramp’; ‘Mulan’ Adds Chen Tang|url=https://deadline.com/2018/09/adrian-martinez-disney-lady-and-the-tramp-mulan-chen-tang-1202469095/|website=Deadline Hollywood||last1=N'Duka|first1=Amanda|date=September 21, 2018|access-date=September 21, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2018, it wis announced [[Arturo Castro (Guatemalan actor)|Arturo Castro]] had been cast in the live-action role o Marco an that [[Janelle Monáe]] had been cast in the voice role o Peg.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/arturo-castro-joins-disneys-lady-tramp-1149386|title=Arturo Castro Joins Disney's 'Lady and the Tramp' (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Mia|last=Galuppo|date=October 4, 2018|access-date=October 4, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Janelle Monae Joins Disney’s ‘Lady And The Tramp’ Reboot With Tessa Thompson, Justin Theroux|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/janelle-monae-tessa-thompson-disney-lady-and-tramp-justin-theroux-1202477309/|website=Deadline Hollywood|last1=Wiseman|first1=Andreas|date=October 5, 2018|access-date=October 5, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film will be released wi the streaming service on November 12, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2019/04/lady-and-the-tramp-disney-launch-sean-baily-live-action-slate-1202594405/|title=Disney Film Production Chief Sean Bailey On Streaming Service’s Live-Action Slate; ‘Lady And The Tramp’ Available At Launch|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|date=April 11, 2019|access-date=April 11, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;The Siamese Cat Song&quot;, due tae its modern-day perceived racist connotations, will nae be included in the live-action film. In its place will be a re-worked adaptation o the sang bi Janelle Monáe, [[Deep Cotton|Nate &quot;Rocket&quot; Wonder]], an [[Roman GianArthur]]; Monáe will perform the sang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Donnelly|first1=Matt|last2=Willman|first2=Chris|title=‘Lady and the Tramp’ Will Reinvent Problematic Siamese Cat Song, Feature New Music From Janelle Monae (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/lady-and-the-tramp-janelle-monae-revamp-siamese-cat-song-1203204041/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 6, 2019|access-date=May 6, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Offeecial wabsteid|https://movies.disney.com/lady-and-the-tramp}}
* {{IMDb title|0048280}}
* {{tcmdb title|80607}}
* {{Bcdb title|31}}
* {{AllMovie title|28038}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|lady_and_the_tramp}}
* {{Mojo title|ladyandthetramp}}

{{Disney theatrical animatit featurs}}
{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}

[[Category:1955 animatit films]]
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:1950s American animatit films]]
[[Category:1950s bairns' animatit films]]
[[Category:1950s romantic muisical films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American bairns' animatit films]]
[[Category:American romantic muisical films]]
[[Category:Animatit films aboot dugs]]
[[Category:Animatit muisical films]]
[[Category:Animatit romance films]]
[[Category:CinemaScope films]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid films]]
[[Category:Films based on short feection]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Clyde Geronimi]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Hamilton Luske]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Wilfred Jackson]]
[[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]]
[[Category:Films scored bi Oliver Wallace]]
[[Category:Films set in 1909]]
[[Category:Films set in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Rotoscoped films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pownie</title>
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      <text bytes="15480" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gracie-rhs2005.jpg|thumb|A [[Hieland Pownie]], demonstratin the pownie chairacteristics o sturdy bane, thick mane an tail, smaw heid, an smaw oweraw size.]]
A '''pownie''' is a smaw [[horse]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Macdonald|first=A.M. (ed.)|title=Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary|year=1972|publisher=Chambers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=n.a.|title=Oxford American Dictionaries (computer application)|year=2005|publisher=Apple Computer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Henry (ed.)|title=Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary|year=1980|publisher=Merriam|location=Springfield MA|isbn=0-87779-398-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;  (''[[Equus (genus)|Equus]] ferus caballus''). Dependin on context, a pownie mey be a horse that is unner an approximate or exact hicht at the [[withers]] or a smaw horse wi a speceefic [[Equine conformation|conformation]] an temperament. Thare are miny different [[leet o horse breeds|breeds]]. Compared tae ither horse, pownies eften exhibit thicker [[Mane (horse)|manes]], tails an oweraw coat, as weel as proportionally shorter legs, wider baurels, hivier bane, thicker necks, an shorter heids wi braider foreheids. The wird ''pownie'' derives frae the auld French ''poulenet'', meanin [[foal]], a young, immatur horse, but this is nae the modren meanin; unlik a horse foal, a pownie remeens smaw whan fully grown.  Houiver, on occasion, fowk who are unfameeliar wi horse mey confuise an adult pownie wi a foal.

The auncestors o maist modren pownies developed smaw statur acause thay leeved on the mairgins o leevable horse habitat. Thir smawer ainimals war [[domestication o the horse|domesticatit]] an bred for various purposes aw ower the [[Northren Hemisphere]]. Pownies war historically uised for drivin an fraucht transport, as childer's munts, for recreational ridin, an later as competitors an performers in thair awn richt. In the [[Industrial Revolution]], particularly in [[Great Breetain]], a signeeficant nummer war uised as [[pit pownie]]s, haulin laids o coal in the mines.

Pownies are generally conseedert intelligent an friendly, awtho whiles thay an aw are descrived as stubborn or cunnin. Properly trained pownies are appropriate munts for childer that are learnin tae ride. Lairger pownies can be ridden bi adults, as pownies are uisually strang for their size. In modren uise, mony organisations define a pownie as a matur horse that meisurs less nor {{hands|14.2}} at the [[withers]], but thare are a nummer o exceptions. Different organisations that uise a strict meisurment model vary frae {{hands|14}} tae nearly {{hands|14.3}}. Mony breeds clessifee an ainimal as aither horse or pownie based on [[Purebred|pedigree]] an [[phenoteep]], na maiter its hicht. Some full-sized horse mey be cried pownies for various raisons o tradeetion or as a term o endearment.

==Horse an pownies==
[[File:SackOTatersPony.jpg|thumb|150px|A pownie [[foal]]. Thir are smawer than horse foals, but baith hae lang legs an smaw bodies.]]
For mony forms o competition, the offeecial defineetion o a pownie is a [[horse]] that meisurs less nor {{hands|14.2}} at the [[withers]]. Horse are 14.2 or tawer. The [[Internaitional Federation for Equestrian Sports]] defines the offeecial cutaff pynt at {{convert|148|cm|in|2}} (juist ower 14.2 h) withoot shaes an {{convert|149|cm|in|2}} (juist ower 14.2-1/2 h) wi shaes, tho allous a mairgin for competeetion meisurment o up tae {{convert|150|cm|in|1}} (14.3 h) withoot shaes, or {{convert|151|cm|in|2}} (juist unner 14.3-1/2 h) wi shaes.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fei.org/Disciplines/Youth/News/Info_Youth/Pages/20070130-1450.aspx &quot;PONY MEASUREMENT 2007 30 January 2007 &quot; Explanation of Article 3103.1, ''FInternational Federation for Equestrian Sport'' Wab steid, Accessed October 7, 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726051917/http://www.fei.org/Disciplines/Youth/News/Info_Youth/Pages/20070130-1450.aspx |date=26 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Houiver, the term &quot;pownie&quot; can be uised in general (or affectionately) for ony smaw horse, regairdless o its actual size or breed. Fordermair, some horse breeds mey hae individuals that matur unner that hicht but are still cried &quot;horse&quot; an are alloued tae compete as horse. In Australie, horse that meisur frae 14 haunds tae 15 haunds are kent as a &quot;[[Galloway pownie|galloway]]&quot;, an pownies in Australie meisure unner 14 haunds.&lt;ref&gt;Howlett, Lorna and Phlip Mathews, ''Ponies in Australia'', Milsons Point: 1979&lt;/ref&gt;

Fowk that are unfameeliar wi horse mey confuise an adult pownie wi a young, immatur horse. While [[foal]]s that weel grow up tae be horse-sized mey be na tawer than some pownies in thair first months of life, thair body proportions are verra different. A pownie can be ridden an put tae work, while a foal is too young tae be ridden or usied as a [[wirkin ainimal]]. Foals, whither thay growe up tae be horse or pownie-sized, can be distinguished frae adult horse bi thair extremely lang legs an slim bodies. Thair heids an een an aw exhibit [[Cuteness|juvenile chairacteristics]]. Fordermore, in maist cases, nursin foals weel be in verra close proximity tae a [[meir]] that is the mither (dam) o the foal. While pownies exhibit some [[neoteny]] wi the wide foreheids an smaw size, thair bouk proportions are seemilar tae that ofan adult horse.

==History==
Pownies oreeginally developed as a [[landrace]] adaptit tae a hersh naitural environment, an war conseedert pairt o the &quot;draft&quot; subteep teepical o Northren Europe. At ane time, it wis heepothesised that thay mey hae descendit frae a wild &quot;draucht&quot; subspecies o ''Equus ferus.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author= Bennett, Deb|title= Conquerors: The Roots of New World Horsemanship|url= https://archive.org/details/conquerorsrootso0000benn|edition= First|publisher= Amigo Publications, Inc.|location= Solvang, CA|year= 1998 |page=[https://archive.org/details/conquerorsrootso0000benn/page/7 7]|isbn=0-9658533-0-6 |oclc= 39709067}}&lt;/ref&gt; Studies o mitochondrial DNA (that is passed on tho the female line) indicate that a lairge number o wild meirs hae contreibutit tae modren domestic breeds;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jansen&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/99/16/10905|title=Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse|first1=Thomas|last1=Jansen|first2=Peter|last2=Forster|first3=Marsha A.|last3=Levine|first4=Hardy|last4=Oelke|first5=Matthew|last5=Hurles|first6=Colin|last6=Renfrew|first7=Jürgen|last7=Weber|first8=Klaus|last8=Olek|date=6 August 2002|publisher=|journal=PNAS|volume=99|issue=16|pages=10905–10910|via=www.pnas.org|doi=10.1073/pnas.152330099|pmid=12130666|pmc=125071}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vila&quot;&gt;[http://www.pottoka.info/files/documentos/1225197904_1.pdf Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages] Carles Vilà, et al. ''Science'' 291, 474 (2001); {{doi|10.1126/science.291.5503.474}} {{PMID|11161199}}&lt;/ref&gt; in contrast, studies o y-DNA (passed doin the male line) suggest that thare wis possibly juist ane single male auncestor o aw domesticated breeds.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lindgren&quot;&gt;[http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/edwards/people/postdocs/nbpapers/pdf0001.pdf Lindgren et al. Nature Genetics, Volume 36, Number 4, April 2004, p 335] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719205358/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/edwards/people/postdocs/nbpapers/pdf0001.pdf |date=2011-07-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Domestication o the horse]] probably first occurred in the Eurasie steppes wi horse o atween {{hands|13}} tae ower {{hands|14}},&lt;ref name=Anthony/&gt; an as horse domestication spreid, the male descendants o the oreeginal [[stallion]] went on tae be bred wi local wild meirs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lindgren&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=Anthony&gt;{{cite book|author=Anthony, David W. |title=The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World|url=https://archive.org/details/horsewheellangua00davi |year=2007|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=978-0-691-05887-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/horsewheellangua00davi/page/n107 196]–197, 202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Domesticated pownies o aw breeds oreeginally developed mainly frae the need for a [[wirkin ainimal]] that coud fulfill speceefic local draucht an transportation needs while survivin in hairsh environments. The uisefuness o the pownie wis notit bi fermers that observed that a pownie coud ootperform a draucht horse on smaw ferms.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=66hMAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA46&amp;lpg=PA46&amp;dq=pony+weight+pull&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=R_PiAY9hUP&amp;sig=VECXfNSTIeKH1QcAVXZ1OoXduWs&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=XuiGTYC1HJSssAPv4b3-AQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CBYQ6AEwADge#v=onepage&amp;q=pony%20weight%20pull&amp;f=false Smith, E.C.A. &quot;The Pony Useful&quot; ''Country Life in America'', volume 29.  Doubleday, Page &amp; Co., 1916 pp.46-47]&lt;/ref&gt;

Bi the 20t century, mony pownie breeds haed [[Arabie horse|Arabie]] an ither bluid addit tae make a mair refined pownie suitable for ridin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author= Sponenberg, D. Phillip|chapter=The Proliferation of Horse Breeds|title= Horses Through Time|url= https://archive.org/details/horsesthroughtim00olse|edition= First|publisher= Roberts Rinehart Publishers|location= Boulder, CO |year= 1996 |isbn=1-57098-060-8 |oclc= 36179575|pages=[https://archive.org/details/horsesthroughtim00olse/page/155 155], 170–173}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Uises==
[[File:Horse riding in coca cola arena - melbourne show 2005.jpg|thumb|left|An [[Australie pownie]] shawn unner saidle]]
Pownies are seen in many different [[equestrianism|equestrian]] pursuits. Some breeds, such as the [[Hackney pownie]], are primarily uised for [[drivin (horse)|drivin]], while ither breeds, sic as the [[Connemara pownie]] and [[Australie Pownie]], are used primarily for [[equestrianism|riding]]. Others, such as the [[Welsh pownie]], are used for both ridin an drivin.

[[File:Shetland Pony in Harness and Cart.gif|thumb|A [[Shetland pownie]] shawn in [[Drivin (horse)|harnish]]]]
Thare is na direct correlation atween a horse's size an its inherent athletic abeelity.&lt;ref&gt;Barakat, Christine. &quot;Why Size Matters.&quot;  ''Equus,'' October 2007, Issue 361, pp. 36-42&lt;/ref&gt; Pownies compete at events that include [[shaw hunter]], [[Inglis ridin]] on the flat, [[drivin (horse)|drivin]], an [[wastren ridin]] clesses at [[horse shaw]]s, as weel as ither competitive events such as [[Gymkhana (Equestrian)|gymkhana]] an [[combined drivin]]. They are seen in casual pursuits such as [[trail ridin]], but a few pownies hae performed in internaitional-level competeetion. Tho mony exhibitors confine themsels tae clesses juist for pownies, some tap pownies are competitive against full-sized horse. For example, a 14.1 [[haund (unit)|haund]] pownie named [[Stroller (horse)|Stroller]] wis a member o the Breetish Equestrian [[shaw jimpin]] team, an wan the siller medal at the [[1968 Simmer Olympics]]. Mair recently, the 14.1-3/4 haund pownie [[Theodore O'Connor]] wan the gowd medal in [[eventin]] at the 2007 [[Pan American Gemmes]].

[[Pony Club]]s, appen tae young fowk that awn aither horse or pownies, are formed warldwide tae eddicate young fowk aboot horse, promote responsible horse awnership, an an aw sponsor competitive events for young fowk an smawer horse.

In mony pairts o the warld pownies are an aw still uised as [[wirkin ainimal]]s, as [[packhorse|pack ainimals]] an for pullin various [[horse-drawn vehicle]]s. Thay are uised for childer's pownie rides at [[traivelin carnival]]s an at childer's preevat paorties whaur smaw childer can tak short rides on pownies that are saidled an then aither led individually or hitched tae a &quot;pownie wheel&quot; (a non-motorised device akin tae a [[het walker]]) that leads sax tae aicht pownies at a time. Pownies are whiles seen at simmer camps for childer, an are widely uised for [[pownie trekkin]] an ither forms o [[Equitourism]] ridin halidays, eften cairyin adults as weel as childer.

==Chairactereestics==
[[File:Shetlands in Belgium.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Shetland pownie]] is ane o the smawest pownie breeds, but is verra strang.]]
Pownies are eften distinguished bi thair [[phenoteep]], a stocky bouk, dense bane, roond shape an weel-sprung ribs. Thay have a short heid, lairge een an smaw ears. In addeetion tae bein smawer nor a horse, thair legs are proportionately shorter. Thay hae strang [[horse huif|huifs]] an growe a hivier [[coat (ainimal)|hair coat]], seen in a thicker mane an tail as weel as a pairteecularly hivy winter coat.&lt;ref name=Strickland/&gt;

Pownie [[leet o horse breeds|breeds]] hae developit aw ower the warld, pairteecularly in cauld an hersh climates where hardy, sturdy [[working animal]]s were needed. They are remerkably strang for their size. Breeds sic as the [[Connemara pownie]], are recognised for their ability to carry a full-sized adult rider. Poond for poond pownies can pull an cairy mair wecht nor a horse.&lt;ref name=Strickland/&gt; Draucht-teep pownies are able tae pull laids signeeficantly greater nor thair awn weight, wi lairger pownies capable o pullin laids comparable tae thae pulled bi full-sized [[draucht horse]], an even verra smaw pownies able tae pull as muckle as 450 percent o thair awn wcht.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2010/07/27/boone-county-fair-pony-pull/ McNeill, Erin. &quot;Ponies at Boone County Fair pull their weight and then some&quot; Missourian, July 27, 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130119224039/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2010/07/27/boone-county-fair-pony-pull/ |date=January 19, 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nearly aw pownie breeds are verra haurdy, [[easy keeper]]s that share the abeelity tae thrive on a mair leemitit diet than that o a regular-sized horse, requirin hauf the [[hey]] for their wecht as a horse, an eften nae needin grain at aw. Houiver, for the same raison, thay are an aw mair vulnerable to [[laminitis]] an [[Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction|Cushing's syndrome]]. Thay mey an aw hae problems wi [[hyperlipemia]].&lt;ref name=Strickland/&gt;

Pownies are generally conseedert intelligent an friendly, tho whiles thay an aw are descrived as stubborn or cunnin.&lt;ref name=Strickland&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehorse.com/articles/12649/pony-power|title=Pony Power!|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences o opeenion eften result frae an individual pownie's degree o proper trainin. Pownies [[horse trainin|trained]] bi inexperienced individuals, or anerly ridden bi beginners, can turn oot tae be spoiled acause thair riders teepically lack the experience base tae correct bad habits. Properly trained pownies are appropriate munts for childer that are learnin tae ride. Lairger pownies can be ridden bi adults, as pownies are uisually strang for thair size.&lt;ref name=Strickland/&gt;

[[File:Connemara mare.jpg|thumb|The [[Connemara pownie]] is a lairger pownie that occasionally maturs ower 14.2 haunds.]]
For shawin purposes, pownies are eften grouped intae smaw, medium, an lairge sizes. Smaw pownies are 12.2 [[haund (unit)|haunds]] ({{convert|50|in|cm}}) an unner, medium pownies are ower 12.2 but na tawer than 13.2 haunds ({{convert|54|in|cm}}), an lairge pownies are ower 13.2 haunds but na tawer nor 14.2 haunds.

The smawest equines are cried [[miniatur horse]] bi many o thair breeders an breed organisations, raither nor pownies, even tho thay staund smawer than smaw pownies,&lt;ref name=Strickland/&gt; uisually na tawer nor {{convert|38|in|cm}} at the withers. Houiver, thare are an aw [[miniature pownie]] breeds.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{stub/Ainimal}}

[[Category:Horse| ]]
[[Category:Teeps o horse]]</text>
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    <title>Leet o kintras an territories bi population density</title>
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      <text bytes="81965" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Population density of countries 2018 world map, people per sq km.svg|347px|thumb|Population density (fowk per km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) bi kintra in 2018]]
This is a '''leet o [[kintra]]s an  [[dependent territory|dependencies]] ranked bi human [[population density]]''' an meisurt bi the nummer o [[human]] indwallers per [[squerr kilometre]] or [[squerr mile]].

==Leet==
* The [[European Union]] is a ''[[sui generis]]'' supranaitional union possessin &quot;kintra-lik&quot; chairacteristics. The entity is componed o 28 member kintras. Its population density haes been estimatit at 116 fowk per km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, an it would be ranked 95t if it were included in the leet. (population: 506,913,394 on Januar 1, 2014,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&amp;language=en&amp;pcode=tps00001&amp;tableSelection=1&amp;footnotes=yes&amp;labeling=labels&amp;plugin=1|title=Eurostat-Tables,Graphs and Maps Interface（TGM）table|publisher=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=9 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; area: 4,324,782&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). ''See an aa: [[Leet o regional organisations bi population]]''.
*The maist densely populatit sovereign naition is [[Monaco]], wi a population density o 18,713 fowk/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.
* Aurie includes laund an watter.

{|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;
|+
!Pos.!!Kintra (or dependent territory)!!Aurie (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Aurie (mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Population!!Density&lt;br&gt;(pop./km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Density&lt;br&gt;(pop./mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Date!! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Population soorce
|-
||| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (laund anly, excludin [[Antarcticae]])
|{{convert|134940000|km2|disp=table}}
|{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}}
|{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/134940000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's warld population clock]
|-
||| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (laund anly)
|{{convert|148940000|km2|disp=table}}
|{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}}
|{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/148940000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's Warld population clock]
|-
||| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Warld]]''' (wi watter)
|{{convert|510072000|km2|disp=table}}
|{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}}
|{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/510072000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's Warld population clock]
|-
|1
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MAC}}'' ([[Cheenae]])&lt;ref&gt;Current [[Special Admeenistrative Region]] (SAR) o the [[Cheenae|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] (PRC). Umwhile [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colony.&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|30.5|km2|0|disp=table}}
|647,700
|{{convert|{{#expr: 647700/30.5 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dsec.gov.mo/TimeSeriesDatabase.aspx?KeyIndicatorID=12 Offeecial quarterly estimate]
|-
|2
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MCO}}
|{{convert|2.02|km2|2|disp=table}}
|38,400
|{{convert|{{#expr: 38400/2.02 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.imsee.mc/Population-et-emploi Offeecial estimate]
|-
|3
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SIN}}
|{{convert|719.2|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,607,300
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5607300/719.2 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129094649/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16 |date=2015-11-29 }}
|-
|4
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{HKG}}'' ([[China]]) 
|{{convert|1,105.7|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,346,700
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7346700/1105.7 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/so20.jsp Offeecial estimate]
|-
|5
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GIB}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])&lt;ref&gt;Territory claimed bi [[Spain]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|6.8|km2|1|disp=table}}
|33,140
|{{convert|{{#expr: 33140/6.8 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 7, 2017
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Abstract%202014.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|6
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BHR}}
|{{convert|757|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,472,483
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1472483/757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 21, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230515/http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|7
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{VAT}}
|{{convert|0.44|km2|2|disp=table}}
|800
|{{convert|{{#expr: 800/0.44 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031317/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |date=2017-02-02 }}
|-
|8
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MLT}}
|{{convert|315|km2|0|disp=table}}
|426,149
|{{convert|{{#expr: 426149/315 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 21, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424 Preliminary 2011 census result]
|-
|9
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{BER}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|52|km2|0|disp=table}}
|66,449
|{{convert|{{#expr: 66449/52 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 21, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520190010/http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }}
|-
|10
|{{data Bangladesh|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904045106/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx |date=2011-09-04 }}
|-
|11
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{SXM}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]])
|{{convert|34|km2|0|disp=table}}
|37,429
|{{convert|{{#expr: 37429/34 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/SintMaarten.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|12
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MDV}}
|{{convert|298|km2|0|disp=table}}
|317,280
|{{convert|{{#expr: 317280/298 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224031/http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}
|-
|13
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{JEY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|116|km2|0|disp=table}}
|97,857
|{{convert|{{#expr: 97857/116 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 27, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf 2011 census result]
|-
|14
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GGY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|78|km2|0|disp=table}}
|62,431
|{{convert|{{#expr: 62431/78 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 31, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=5506&amp;p=0 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|15
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{flag|Palestinian National Authority|name=Palestinian Territories}}''&lt;ref&gt;Borders an aurie o Palestinian-admeenistert territories are pendin ootcome o negotiations wi [[Israel]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|6,020|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,550,368
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4550368/6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/881/default.aspx#Population Offeecial estimate]
|-
|16
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MAF}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|54|km2|0|disp=table}}
|36,979
|{{convert|{{#expr: 36979/54 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|17
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TWN}} ([[Republic o Cheenae|ROC]])&lt;ref&gt;[[Poleetical status o Taiwan|Pairtially recognised state]], claimed bi the [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] as ane o its [[Provinces o Cheenae|provinces]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|36,197|km2|0|disp=table}}
|23,526,295
|{{convert|{{#expr: 23526295/36197 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 31, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 Monthly official estimate]
|-
|18
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BRB}}
|{{convert|430|km2|0|disp=table}}
|274,200
|{{convert|{{#expr: 274200/430 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Barbados.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|19
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MRI}}
|{{convert|2,040|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,262,879
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1262879/2040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/StatsbySubj/Pages/Population-Stats-Jan-Jun2015.aspx Offeecial estimate]
|-
|20
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LBN}}
|{{convert|10,452|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,988,153
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5988153/10201 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN projection
|-
|21
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MYT}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|374|km2|0|disp=table}}
|212,600
|{{convert|{{#expr: 212600/374 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 21, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214&amp;reg_id=27 2012 census result]
|-
|22
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SMR}}
|{{convert|61|km2|0|disp=table}}
|33,028
|{{convert|{{#expr: 33028/61 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 31, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistica.sm/on-line/home/dati-statistici/popolazione.html# Monthly official estimate]
|-
|23
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{ARU}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]])
|{{convert|193|km2|0|disp=table}}
|101,484
|{{convert|{{#expr: 101484/193 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 29, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113151207/http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 |date=2012-11-13 }}
|-
|24
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KOR}}
|{{convert|100,210|km2|0|disp=table}}
|50,801,405
|{{convert|{{#expr: 50801405/100210 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=1&amp;NUM=1 Annual official estimate]
|-
|25
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NRU}}
|{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,084
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10084/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 30, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Nauru.html 2011 census result]
|-
|26
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{RWA}}
|{{convert|25,314|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,882,766
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11882766/25314 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://statistics.gov.rw/ Annual official estimate]
|-
|27
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TUV}}
|{{convert|26|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,323
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11323/26 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|28
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{BLM}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}}
|8,938
|{{convert|{{#expr: 8938/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|29
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{COM}}
|{{convert|1,861|km2|0|disp=table}}
|784,745
|{{convert|{{#expr: 784745/1861 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://comoros.africadata.org/fr/DataAnalysis Offeecial estimate]
|-
|30
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BDI}}
|{{convert|27,816|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,552,561
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11552561/27816 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf Offeecial annual projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071528/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }}
|-
|31
|{{data Netherlands|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009222717/https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter |date=2018-10-09 }}
|-
|32
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{HAI}}
|{{convert|27,065|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,078,033
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11078033/27065 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf Offeecial projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219001450/http://ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf |date=2015-02-19 }}
|-
|33
|{{data India|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter3.pdf Population clock based on 2011 census]
|-
|34
|{{data Israel|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&amp;ID=141 Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915102003/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&amp;ID=141 |date=2018-09-15 }}&lt;ref&gt;Calculatit based on average growth syne last census&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|35
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{PRI}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])&lt;ref&gt;Commonweel o the [[Unitit States]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|8,868|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,411,307
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3411307/8868 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/popest/data/index.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|36
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BEL}}
|{{convert|30,528|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,353,461
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11353461/30528 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/nl/bev/statistieken/stat-1-1_n.pdf Monthly official estimate]
|-
|37
|{{data Philippines|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://rpo3.popcom.gov.ph/ Offeecial population clock]
|-
|38
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SRI}}
|{{convert|65,610|km2|0|disp=table}}
|22,480,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 22480000/65610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/VitalStatistics/MidYearPopulation/Mid-year%20population%20by%20age%20group.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|39
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MTQ}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|1,128|km2|0|disp=table}}
|385,551
|{{convert|{{#expr: 385551/1128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate]
|-
|40
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{CUR}}'' ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands]])
|{{convert|444|km2|0|disp=table}}
|150,563
|{{convert|{{#expr: 150563/444 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 26, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Curacao.html 2011 census result]
|-
|41
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{JPN}}
|{{convert|377,944|km2|0|disp=table}}
|126,860,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 126860000/377944 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2017
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm Monthly official estimate]
|-
|42
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{REU}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|2,512|km2|0|disp=table}}
|821,136
|{{convert|{{#expr: 821136/2512 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate]
|-
|43
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MHL}}
|{{convert|181|km2|0|disp=table}}
|56,086
|{{convert|{{#expr: 56086/181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|44
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{VIR}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])
|{{convert|352|km2|0|disp=table}}
|106,405
|{{convert|{{#expr: 106405/352 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn180.html Final 2010 census result]
|-
|45
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SLV}}
|{{convert|21,040|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,340,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6340000/21040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|46
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GRD}}
|{{convert|344|km2|0|disp=table}}
|103,328
|{{convert|{{#expr: 103328/344 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 12, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/grenada.aspx 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614004809/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/grenada.aspx |date=2012-06-14 }}
|-
|47
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GUM}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])
|{{convert|541|km2|0|disp=table}}
|159,358
|{{convert|{{#expr: 159358/541 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn179.html Final 2010 census result]
|-
|48
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{ASM}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])
|{{convert|197|km2|0|disp=table}}
|55,519
|{{convert|{{#expr: 55519/197 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn177.html Final 2010 census result]
|-
|49
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{VNM}}
|{{convert|331,212|km2|0|disp=table}}
|92,700,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 92700000/331212 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=622&amp;ItemID=15862 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|50
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LCA}}
|{{convert|617|km2|0|disp=table}}
|166,526
|{{convert|{{#expr: 166526/617 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 10, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf Preliminary 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230512/http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|51
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GBR}}
|{{convert|242,910|km2|0|disp=table}}
|65,110,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 65110000/242910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates Annual official estimate]
|-
|52
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{VCT}}
|{{convert|389|km2|0|disp=table}}
|100,892
|{{convert|{{#expr: 100892/389 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }}
|-
|53
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TRI}}
|{{convert|5,155|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,328,019
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1328019/5155 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 9, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230527/http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|54
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{JAM}}
|{{convert|10,991|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,723,246
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2723246/10991 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/population.aspx Offeecial estimate]
|-
|55
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GLP}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|1,630|km2|0|disp=table}}
|402,119
|{{convert|{{#expr: 402119/1630 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate]
|-
|56
|{{data Pakistan|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov.pk Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225211657/http://www.census.gov.pk/%20 |date=2018-12-25 }}
|-
|57
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LIE}}
|{{convert|160|km2|0|disp=table}}
|36,842
|{{convert|{{#expr: 36842/160 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331084716/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm |date=2014-03-31 }}
|-
|58
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GER}}
|{{convert|357,168|km2|0|disp=table}}
|82,175,700
|{{convert|{{#expr: 82175700/357168 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp Quarterly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110018/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp |date=2015-09-24 }}
|-
|59
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KWT}}
|{{convert|17,818|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,007,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4007000/17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ Offeecial estimate]
|-
|60
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{DOM}}
|{{convert|47,875|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,528,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10528000/47875 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf UN Projection]
|-
|61
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{CAY}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|259|km2|0|disp=table}}
|55,456
|{{convert|{{#expr: 55456/259 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 10, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921135615/http://eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport |date=2013-09-21 }}
|-
|62
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LUX}}
|{{convert|2,586|km2|0|disp=table}}
|537,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 537000/2586 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=383&amp;IF_Language=fra&amp;MainTheme=2&amp;FldrName=1 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|63
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SUI}}
|{{convert|41,285|km2|0|disp=table}}
|8,391,973
|{{convert|{{#expr: 8391973/41285 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand/01.html Quarterly provisional figure]
|-
|64
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NGA}}
|{{convert|923,768|km2|0|disp=table}}
|186,988,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 186988000/923768 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN projection
|-
|65
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ITA}}
|{{convert|301,308|km2|0|disp=table}}
|60,592,547
|{{convert|{{#expr: 60592547/301308 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216081210/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index.html |date=2018-12-16 }}
|-
|66
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PRK}}
|{{convert|120,540|km2|0|disp=table}}
|24,213,510
|{{convert|{{#expr: 24213510/120540 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://kp.one.un.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/2014%20SDHS%20Report_E_final.pdf Preliminary 2014 census result]
|-
|67
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SEY}}
|{{convert|455|km2|0|disp=table}}
|93,144
|{{convert|{{#expr: 90945/455 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nbs.gov.sc/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/End-2015-Population-Bulletin.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|68
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{VGB}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|151|km2|0|disp=table}}
|29,537
|{{convert|{{#expr: 29537/151 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dpu.gov.vg Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020525210259/http://www.dpu.gov.vg/ |date=2002-05-25 }}
|-
|69
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ATG}}
|{{convert|442|km2|0|disp=table}}
|86,295
|{{convert|{{#expr: 86295/442 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 27, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Antigua.html Preliminary 2011 census result]
|-
|70
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SKN}}
|{{convert|270|km2|0|disp=table}}
|51,970
|{{convert|{{#expr: 51970/270 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }}
|-
|71
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{STP}}
|{{convert|1,001|km2|0|disp=table}}
|187,356
|{{convert|{{#expr: 187356/1001 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 13, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/SaoTome.html 2012 census result]
|-
|72
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NPL}}
|{{convert|147,181|km2|0|disp=table}}
|26,494,504
|{{convert|{{#expr: 26494504/147181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 22, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717170017/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf |date=2013-07-17 }}
|-
|73
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{QAT}}
|{{convert|11,571|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,024,707
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2024707/11571 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 31, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130220032/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm |date=2012-11-30 }}
|-
|74
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GAM}}
|{{convert|10,690|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,849,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1849000/10690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|75
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Kosovo}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Kosovo-note}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|10,910|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,815,606
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1815606/10910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Kosovo-Cities.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|76
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{AND}}
|{{convert|464|km2|0|disp=table}}
|76,246
|{{convert|{{#expr: 76246/464 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&amp;bGrafic=&amp;formules=inici&amp;any1=01/01/2000&amp;any2=01/01/2012&amp;codi_divisio=8&amp;lang=1&amp;codi_subtemes=8&amp;codi_tema=2&amp;chkseries= Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113143444/http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic= |date=2017-11-13 }}
|-
|77
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{UGA}}
|{{convert|241,551|km2|0|disp=table}}
|36,860,700
|{{convert|{{#expr: 36860700/241551 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/statistical_abstracts/Statistical%20Abstract%202015.pdf Annual official estimate]
|-
|78
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{IMN}}''
|{{convert|572|km2|0|disp=table}}
|84,497
|{{convert|{{#expr: 84497/572 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 27, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/IsleOfMan.html 2011 census result]
|-
|79
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KIR}}
|{{convert|726|km2|0|disp=table}}
|106,461
|{{convert|{{#expr: 106461/726 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|80
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CYP}}
|{{convert|5,896|km2|0|disp=table}}
|862,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 862000/5896 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/C6ECE5795EAC1ED8C2257AB70038FCD4?OpenDocument&amp;sub=1&amp;sel=1&amp;e=&amp;print Offeecial estimate]
|-
|81
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TON}}
|{{convert|720|km2|0|disp=table}}
|104,270
|{{convert|{{#expr: 104270/720 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|82
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{FSM}}
|{{convert|701|km2|0|disp=table}}
|101,351
|{{convert|{{#expr: 101351/701 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|83
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GUA}}
|{{convert|108,889|km2|0|disp=table}}
|15,806,675
|{{convert|{{#expr: 15806675/108889 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores Annual Offeecial estimate]
|-
|84
|{{data China|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://data.stats.gov.cn/ Offeecial population clock]
|-
|85
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{TKL}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]])
|{{convert|10|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,411
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1411/10 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 18, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815034343/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf |date=2012-08-15 }}
|-
|86
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{AIA}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|96|km2|0|disp=table}}
|13,452
|{{convert|{{#expr: 13452/96 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 11, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Anguilla.html Preliminary 2011 census result]
|-
|87
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{IDN}}
|{{convert|1,904,569|km2|0|disp=table}}
|260,581,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 260581000/1904569 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/watermark_Proyeksi%20Penduduk%20Indonesia%202010-2035.pdf Offeecial projection]
|-
|88
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CZE}}
|{{convert|78,867|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,564,866
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10564866/78867 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population Quarterly official estimate]
|-
|89
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{DNK}}
|{{convert|43,098|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,748,769
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5748769/43098 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2017
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning/folketal.aspx Quarterly official estimate]
|-
|90
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{THA}}
|{{convert|513,120|km2|0|disp=table}}
|65,729,098
|{{convert|{{#expr: 65729098/513120 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/y_stat58.htm Offeecial estimate]
|-
|91
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TOG}}
|{{convert|56,600|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,143,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7143000/56600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php/thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/32-thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/etat-structure/79-perspectives-demo Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908020603/http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php/thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/32-thematiques/statistiques-demographiques/etat-structure/79-perspectives-demo |date=2015-09-08 }}
|-
|92
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{POL}}
|{{convert|312,685|km2|0|disp=table}}
|38,439,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 38439000/312685 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 31, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://stat.gov.pl/podstawowe-dane/ Offeecial estimate]
|-
|93
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CPV}}
|{{convert|4,033|km2|0|disp=table}}
|491,875
|{{convert|{{#expr: 491875/4033 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 16, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolução%20da%20população%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde,%201900%20-2010.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003130545/http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde%2C%201900%20-2010.pdf |date=2012-10-03 }}
|-
|94
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MWI}}
|{{convert|118,484|km2|0|disp=table}}
|14,388,600
|{{convert|{{#expr: 14388600/118484 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Malawi.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|95
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GHA}}
|{{convert|238,533|km2|0|disp=table}}
|28,308,301
|{{convert|{{#expr: 28308301/238533 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 26, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/ Offeecial projection]
|-
|96
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MNP}}'' ([[Unitit States|US]])
|{{convert|457|km2|0|disp=table}}
|53,883
|{{convert|{{#expr: 53883/457 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn178.html Final 2010 census result]
|-
|97
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{FRA}}
|{{convert|543,965|km2|0|disp=table}}
|66,821,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 64149000/543965 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/bsweb/serie.asp?idbank=001641607 Monthly official estimate]
|-
|98
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{UAE}}
|{{convert|83,600|km2|0|disp=table}}
|9,856,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 9856000/83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/index.aspx Offeecial estimate]
|-
|99
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{AZE}}
|{{convert|86,600|km2|0|disp=table}}
|9,755,500
|{{convert|{{#expr: 9755500/86600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://stat.gov.az/news/?id=3311 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|100
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PRT}}
|{{convert|92,090|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,341,330
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10341330/92090 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_main&amp;xpid=INE Offeecial estimate]
|-
|101
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SVK}}
|{{convert|49,036|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,426,252
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5426252/49036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031417/http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 |date=2017-02-02 }}
|-
|102
|{{data Jordan|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm |date=2012-01-17 }}
|-
|103
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{HUN}}
|{{convert|93,029|km2|0|disp=table}}
|9,830,485
|{{convert|{{#expr: 9830485/93029 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wnt001b.html Annual official estimate]
|-
|104
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MDA}}
|{{convert|33,843|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,553,100
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3553100/33843 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistica.md/category.php?l=ro&amp;idc=103&amp; Offeecial estimate]
|-
|105
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{AUT}}
|{{convert|83,879|km2|0|disp=table}}
|8,767,919
|{{convert|{{#expr: 8767919/83879 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html Offeecial quarterly estimate]
|-
|106
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CUB}}
|{{convert|109,884|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,239,004
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11239004/109886 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.one.cu/aec2015/03%20Poblacion.pdf Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329125044/http://www.one.cu/aec2015/03%20Poblacion.pdf |date=2017-03-29 }}
|-
|107
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TUR}}
|{{convert|783,562|km2|0|disp=table}}
|79,814,871
|{{convert|{{#expr: 79814871/783562 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108091816/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do |date=2017-11-08 }}
|-
|108
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SVN}}
|{{convert|20,273|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,064,241
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2064241/20273 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/field-overview?idp=17&amp;headerbar=13 Offeecial quarterly estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031406/http://www.stat.si/StatWeb/en/field-overview?idp=17&amp;headerbar=13 |date=2017-02-02 }}
|-
|109
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ARM}}
|{{convert|29,743|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,995,100
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2995100/29743 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=126&amp;id=19001&amp;submit=Search Offeecial estimate]
|-
|110
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ALB}}
|{{convert|28,703|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,886,026
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2886026/28703 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.instat.gov.al/en/publications/press-releases/press-release-population-of-albania-1-january-2016.aspx Offeecial annual estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421163002/http://instat.gov.al/en/publications/press-releases/press-release-population-of-albania-1-january-2016.aspx |date=2016-04-21 }}
|-
|111
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SYR}}
|{{convert|185,180|km2|0|disp=table}}
|18,564,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 18564000/185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN estimate]
|-
|112
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SLE}}
|{{convert|71,740|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,075,641
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7075641/71740 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 4, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.statistics.sl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2015-Census-Provisional-Result.pdf Preliminary 2015 census result]
|-
|113
|{{data Malaysia|popdens}}&lt;!-- Do not replace this with a manual calculation. Template:Data Malaysia, like other data templates do for other countries, is used to automatically calculate today's population based on official sources. If this country's population is not accurate, please update the data template, not this article. --&gt;
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistics.gov.my Offeecial population clock]
|-
|114
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{DMA}}
|{{convert|739|km2|0|disp=table}}
|71,293
|{{convert|{{#expr: 71293/739 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 14, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608104411/http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf |date=2019-06-08 }}
|-
|115
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ETH}}
|{{convert|1,063,652|km2|0|disp=table}}
|101,853,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 101853000/1063652 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN projection]
|-
|116
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CRI}}
|{{convert|51,100|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,890,379
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4890379/51100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.inec.go.cr/ Offeecial estimate]
|-
|117
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BEN}}
|{{convert|112,622|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,653,654
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10653654/112622 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insae-bj.org/Migration.html?file=files/stats-demographiques/STATISTIQUES%20DEMOGRAPHIQUES.xlsx Offeecial projection]
|-
|118
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TRNC}}
|{{convert|3355|km2|0|disp=table}}
|313,626
|{{convert|{{#expr: 313626/3355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.devplan.org/Ecosos/BOOK/SEG-2014.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108225108/http://www.devplan.org/Ecosos/BOOK/SEG-2014.pdf |date=2016-01-08 }}
|-
|119
|{{data Egypt|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.capmas.gov.eg Offeecial population clock]
|-
|120
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ESP}}
|{{convert|505,990|km2|0|disp=table}}
|46,438,422
|{{convert|{{#expr: 46438422/505990 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.es/inebaseDYN/cp30321/cp_inicio.htm Offeecial estimate]
|-
|121
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SRB}}
|{{convert|77,474|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,076,372
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7076372/77474 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225081855/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 |date=2015-12-25 }}
|-
|122
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KHM}}
|{{convert|181,035|km2|0|disp=table}}
|15,626,444
|{{convert|{{#expr: 15626444/181035 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/rp12_ch10.pdf Offeecial annual projection]
|-
|123
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{IRQ}}
|{{convert|434,128|km2|0|disp=table}}
|36,787,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 36787000/434128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://cosit.gov.iq/en/rtl-support Annual official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319085807/http://cosit.gov.iq/en/rtl-support |date=2017-03-19 }}
|-
|124
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ROM}}
|{{convert|238,391|km2|0|disp=table}}
|19,760,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 19760000/238391 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/poprez_ian2016e.pdf Offeecial annual estimate]
|-
|125
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GRE}}
|{{convert|131,957|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,858,018
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10858018/131957 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SPO18/- Offeecial estimate]
|-
|126
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KEN}}
|{{convert|581,834|km2|0|disp=table}}
|47,251,449
|{{convert|{{#expr: 47251449/581834 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN projection]
|-
|127
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MKD}}
|{{convert|25,713|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,071,278
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2071278/25713 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.gov.mk/OblastOpsto_en.aspx?id=2 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|128
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MYA}}
|{{convert|676,577|km2|0|disp=table}}
|54,363,426
|{{convert|{{#expr: 54363426/676577 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|March 29, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/east-asia/story/myanmar-census-shows-population-9-million-fewer-estimated-20140830 Preliminary 2014 census result]
|-
|129
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{HON}}
|{{convert|112,492|km2|0|disp=table}}
|8,721,014
|{{convert|{{#expr: 8721014/112492 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gob.hn/images/Productos%20ine/censo/Censo%202013/Proyecciones/Proyecciones%20Ine%202016.xlsx Offeecial projection]
|-
|130
|{{data Morocco|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.hcp.ma Offeecial population clock]
|-
|131
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{PYF}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|3,521|km2|0|disp=table}}
|268,270
|{{convert|{{#expr: 268270/3521 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 22, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_résultats_population_légale.sflb.ashx Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221193409/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_r%C3%A9sultats_population_l%C3%A9gale.sflb.ashx |date=2014-02-21 }}
|-
|132
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SEN}}
|{{convert|196,722|km2|0|disp=table}}
|14,799,859
|{{convert|{{#expr: 14799859/196722 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060113/http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html |date=2012-01-17 }}
|-
|133
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CRO}}
|{{convert|56,542|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,190,669
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4190669/56542 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/system/first_results.htm#MIG Annual official estimate]
|-
|134
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{UKR}}&lt;ref&gt;Excludes [[Crimea]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|576,500 |km2|0|disp=table}}
|42,642,434
|{{convert|{{#expr: 42642434/576500 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/eng/news/op_popul_e.asp Monthly official estimate]
|-
|135
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CIV}}
|{{convert|322,921|km2|0|disp=table}}
|23,202,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 23202000/322921 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ins.ci/n Offeecial estimate]
|-
|136
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SWZ}}
|{{convert|17,364|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,250,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1250000/17364 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|137
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TLS}}
|{{convert|14,919|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,066,409
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1066409/14919 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 11, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://dne.mof.gov.tl Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816060817/http://dne.mof.gov.tl/ |date=2012-08-16 }}
|-
|138
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BIH}}
|{{convert|51,209|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,531,159
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3531159/51209 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 30, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224103940/http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf |date=2017-12-24 }}
|-
|139
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{UZB}}
|{{convert|444,103|km2|0|disp=table}}
|30,492,800
|{{convert|{{#expr: 30492800/444103 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.uz/demographic Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20140723223303/http://www.stat.uz/demographic |date=2014-07-23 }}
|-
|140
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LES}}
|{{convert|30,355|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,074,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2074000/30355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|141
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BRU}}
|{{convert|5,765|km2|0|disp=table}}
|393,162
|{{convert|{{#expr: 393162/5765 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 20, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010121333/http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf |date=2012-10-10 }}
|-
|142
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{IRL}}
|{{convert|70,273|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,757,976
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4757976/70273 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 24, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2016-preliminaryresults/ Offeecial census figures]
|-
|143
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SAM}}
|{{convert|2,831|km2|0|disp=table}}
|187,820
|{{convert|{{#expr: 187820/2831 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|November 7, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.sbs.gov.ws Final 2011 census result]
|-
|144
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TUN}}
|{{convert|163,610|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,777,500
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10777500/163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117075430/http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php |date=2020-11-17 }}
|-
|145
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{BES}}'' ([[Netherlands]])
|{{convert|322|km2|0|disp=table}}
|21,133
|{{convert|{{#expr: 21133/322 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/NedAntillen.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|146
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{NFK}}'' ([[Australia]])
|{{convert|35|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,302
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2302/35 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 9, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200110/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}
|-
|147
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BFA}}
|{{convert|270,764|km2|0|disp=table}}
|17,322,796
|{{convert|{{#expr: 17322796/270764 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insd.bf/fr Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814084502/http://www.insd.bf/fr |date=2012-08-14 }}
|-
|148
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ECU}}
|{{convert|255,595|km2|0|disp=table}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: 150000+6.95*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}} round 0}}00}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/255595 round 0}}}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/98686 round 0}}}}
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121131641/http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf |date=2013-01-21 }}
|-
|149
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BUL}}
|{{convert|111,002|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,153,784
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7153784/111002 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nsi.bg/bg/node/14154]
|-
|150
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{TCA}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|497|km2|0|disp=table}}
|31,458
|{{convert|{{#expr: 31458/497 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 25, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/TurksCaicos.html 2012 census result]
|-
|151
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{COK}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]])
|{{convert|237|km2|0|disp=table}}
|14,974
|{{convert|{{#expr: 14974/237 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 1, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230514/http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|152
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MEX}}
|{{convert|1,967,138|km2|0|disp=table}}
|122,273,473
|{{convert|{{#expr: 122273473/1967138 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Proyecciones/Datos/Bases_de_Datos/Indicadores_demograficos/CSV/baseindidemMX.csv Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205000208/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/Proyecciones/Datos/Bases_de_Datos/Indicadores_demograficos/CSV/baseindidemMX.csv |date=2017-12-05 }}
|-
|153
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TAN}}
|{{convert|883,749|km2|0|disp=table}}
|55,155,473
|{{convert|{{#expr: 55155473/883749 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 26, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230453/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|154
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TJK}}
|{{convert|143,100|km2|0|disp=table}}
|8,551,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 8551000/143100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.tj/en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|155
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GNQ}}
|{{convert|28,051|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,622,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1622000/28051 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/estadistica.php Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107063158/https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/404.shtml |date=2019-01-07 }}
|-
|156
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{YEM}}
|{{convert|455,000|km2|0|disp=table}}
|24,527,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 24527000/455000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&amp;id=553 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211602/http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&amp;id=553 |date=2015-09-23 }}
|-
|157
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GEO}}
|{{convert|69,700|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,720,400
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3720400/69700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&amp;p_id=152&amp;lang=eng Offeecial estimate]
|-
|158
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ERI}}
|{{convert|121,100|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,333,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6333000/121100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|159
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NIC}}
|{{convert|121,428|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,071,045
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6071045/121428 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20año%202012%20INIDE.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230512/http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20a%C3%B1o%202012%20INIDE.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }}
|-
|160
|{{data Iran|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133 Offeecial population clock]
|-
|161
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{MSR}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|102|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,922
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4922/102 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 12, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071254/http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }}
|-
|162
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{WLF}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|274|km2|0|disp=table}}
|13,135
|{{convert|{{#expr: 13135/274 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|163
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{FIJ}}
|{{convert|18,333|km2|0|disp=table}}
|858,038
|{{convert|{{#expr: 858038/18333 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416021611/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf |date=2013-04-16 }}
|-
|164
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PAN}}
|{{convert|74,177|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,405,813
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3405813/74177 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 16, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/cuadros.aspx Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307170158/http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/Cuadros.aspx |date=2011-03-07 }}
|-
|165
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BLR}}
|{{convert|207,600|km2|0|disp=table}}
|9,469,200
|{{convert|{{#expr: 9469200/207600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/otrasli-statistiki/naselenie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation-in-Half-Year-2014 Quarterly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729023401/http://belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/otrasli-statistiki/naselenie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation-in-Half-Year-2014/ |date=2014-07-29 }}
|-
|166
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MNE}}
|{{convert|13,812|km2|0|disp=table}}
|620,029
|{{convert|{{#expr: 620029/13812 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje%281%29.pdf Final 2011 census result]
|-
|167
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CMR}}
|{{convert|466,050|km2|0|disp=table}}
|20,386,799
|{{convert|{{#expr: 20386799/466050 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517031000/http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf |date=2018-05-17 }}
|-
|168
|align=left|[[Colombie]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |1,141,748
|440,831
|49,087,979
|43
|111.35
|Februar 14, 2017
|[http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114091321/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |date=2012-01-14 }}
|-
|169
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GUI}}
|{{convert|245,857|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,628,972
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10628972/245857 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat-guinee.org Offeecial estimate]
|-
|170
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{RSA}}
|{{convert|1,220,813|km2|0|disp=table}}
|52,981,991
|{{convert|{{#expr: 52981991/1220813 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|171
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PLW}}
|{{convert|488|km2|0|disp=table}}
|20,901
|{{convert|{{#expr: 20901/488 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|172
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GNB}}
|{{convert|36,125|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,547,777
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1547777/36125 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/Projeccao_demografica.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031343/http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/publicacao/Projeccao_demografica.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }}
|-
|173
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LIT}}
|{{convert|65,300|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,836,708
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2836708/65300 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&amp;PLanguage=1&amp;TableStyle=&amp;Buttons=&amp;PXSId=7743&amp;IQY=&amp;TC=&amp;ST=ST&amp;rvar0=&amp;rvar1=&amp;rvar2=&amp;rvar3=&amp;rvar4=&amp;rvar5=&amp;rvar6=&amp;rvar7=&amp;rvar8=&amp;rvar9=&amp;rvar10=&amp;rvar11=&amp;rvar12=&amp;rvar13=&amp;rvar14= Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819130935/http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&amp;PLanguage=1&amp;TableStyle=&amp;Buttons=&amp;PXSId=7743&amp;IQY=&amp;TC=&amp;ST=ST&amp;rvar0=&amp;rvar1=&amp;rvar2=&amp;rvar3=&amp;rvar4=&amp;rvar5=&amp;rvar6=&amp;rvar7=&amp;rvar8=&amp;rvar9=&amp;rvar10=&amp;rvar11=&amp;rvar12=&amp;rvar13=&amp;rvar14= |date=2010-08-19 }}
|-
|174
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LBR}}
|{{convert|97,036|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,076,530
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4076530/97036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf Offeecial projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224150241/http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf |date=2021-02-24 }}
|-
|175
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{AFG}}
|{{convert|645,807|km2|0|disp=table}}
|25,500,100
|{{convert|{{#expr: 25500100/645807 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918003706/http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf |date=2012-09-18 }}
|-
|176
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{CCK}}'' ([[Australia]])
|{{convert|14|km2|0|disp=table}}
|550
|{{convert|{{#expr: 550/14 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 9, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result]
|-
|177
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{DJI}}
|{{convert|23,000|km2|0|disp=table}}
|864,618
|{{convert|{{#expr: 864618/23000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ministere-finances.dj/Annuaire2012Ver02102012-Correct3.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053048/http://www.ministere-finances.dj/Annuaire2012Ver02102012-Correct3.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}
|-
|178
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{COD}}
|{{convert|2,345,095|km2|0|disp=table}}
|85,026,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 85026000/2345095 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ins-rdc.org/sites/default/files/Montage%20AnnuStat%20FINAL%202%20From%20VEROUILLE%20_0.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114103852/http://www.ins-rdc.org/sites/default/files/Montage%20AnnuStat%20FINAL%202%20From%20VEROUILLE%20_0.pdf |date=2016-01-14 }}
|-
|179
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MDG}}
|{{convert|587,041|km2|0|disp=table}}
|20,696,070
|{{convert|{{#expr: 20696070/587041 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.instat.mg/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=33&amp;Itemid=56 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|180
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{flag|Saunt Helena}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|122|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,255
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4255/122 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|February 10, 2008
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }}
|-
|181
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{FRO}}'' ([[Denmark]])
|{{convert|1,399|km2|0|disp=table}}
|48,244
|{{convert|{{#expr: 48244/1399 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics_%20Faroe_Islands Monthly official estimate]
|-
|182
|{{data United States|Popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.census.gov/popclock Offeecial population clock]
|-
|183
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ZIM}}
|{{convert|390,757|km2|0|disp=table}}
|12,973,808
|{{convert|{{#expr: 12973808/390757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 17, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060905/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf |date=2013-09-03 }}
|-
|184
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{VEN}}
|{{convert|916,445|km2|0|disp=table}}
|28,946,101
|{{convert|{{#expr: 28946101/916445 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 30, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&amp;catid=121:censo-2011 Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002094142/http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&amp;catid=121:censo-2011 |date=2013-10-02 }}
|-
|185
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LAT}}
|{{convert|64,562|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,005,200
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2005200/64562 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628214416/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html |date=2013-06-28 }}
|-
|186
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MOZ}}
|{{convert|799,380|km2|0|disp=table}}
|23,700,715
|{{convert|{{#expr: 23700715/799380 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gov.mz/Dashboards.aspx Offeecial estimate]
|-
|187
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KGZ}}
|{{convert|199,945|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,895,100
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5895100/199945 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.kg/media/statisticsoperational/8095e2a8-5228-4645-90e5-4ee025605225.xls Offeecial estimate]
|-
|188
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{EST}}
|{{convert|45,339|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,313,271
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1313271/45339 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123153505/http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators |date=2012-11-23 }}
|-
|189
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LAO}}
|{{convert|236,800|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,580,800
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6580800/236800 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517150036/http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm |date=2012-05-17 }}
|-
|190
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BHS}}
|{{convert|13,940|km2|0|disp=table}}
|351,461
|{{convert|{{#expr: 351461/13940 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 3, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/056411800.pdf Final 2010 census result]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
|191
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{SPM}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|242|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,081
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6081/242 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|192
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BRA}}
|{{convert|8,515,767|km2|0|disp=table}}
|202,768,562
|{{convert|{{#expr: 202768562/8515767 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2014/estimativa_dou_2014.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|193
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PER}}
|{{convert|1,285,216|km2|0|disp=table}}
|30,475,144
|{{convert|{{#expr: 30475144/1285216 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 30, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0842/cap03.htm Offeecial estimate]
|-
|194
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CHL}}
|{{convert|756,096|km2|0|disp=table}}
|16,634,603
|{{convert|{{#expr: 16634603/756096 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 9, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.censo.cl/contenido/sintesis_resultados_censo_2012.pdf Final 2012 census result]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
|195
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{VAN}}
|{{convert|12,190|km2|0|disp=table}}
|264,652
|{{convert|{{#expr: 264652/12190 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|196
|{{data Sweden|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.scb.se Offeecial population clock]
|-
|197
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BTN}}
|{{convert|38,394|km2|0|disp=table}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: 720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}} round 0}}}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/38394 round 0}}}}
|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/14824 round 0}}}}
|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.nsb.gov.bt/main/main.php#&amp;slider1=1 Offeecial population clock]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|-
|198
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{URU}}
|{{convert|176,215|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,286,314
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3286314/176215 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 30, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112153208/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html |date=2012-01-12 }}
|-
|199
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{ALA}}'' ([[Finland]])
|{{convert|1,552|km2|0|disp=table}}
|28,502
|{{convert|{{#expr: 28502/1552 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 31, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.asub.ax/start.con?iLan=2 Offeecial estimate]
|-
|200
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SOL}}
|{{convert|28,370|km2|0|disp=table}}
|515,870
|{{convert|{{#expr: 515870/28370 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|November 23, 2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/prism/solomons 2009 census result]
|-
|201
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SSD}}
|{{convert|644,329|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,296,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11296000/644329 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|202
|{{data New Zealand|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/population_clock.aspx Offeecial population clock]
|-
|203
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ZAM}}
|{{convert|752,612|km2|0|disp=table}}
|13,092,666
|{{convert|{{#expr: 13092666/752612 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 16, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Zambia.html Final 2010 census result]
|-
|204
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SDN}}
|{{convert|1,839,542|km2|0|disp=table}}
|30,894,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 30894000/1839542 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 22, 2008
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520025735/http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }}
|-
|205
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ANG}}
|{{convert|1,246,700|km2|0|disp=table}}
|20,609,294
|{{convert|{{#expr: 20609294/1246700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gov.ao Offeecial estimate]
|-
|206
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{FIN}}
|{{convert|338,424|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,489,057
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5489057/338424 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 13, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?site=4&amp;docid=85 Offeecial population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002005827/http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?site=4&amp;docid=85 |date=2015-10-02 }}
|-
|207
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PAR}}
|{{convert|406,752|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,672,631
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6672631/406752 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.dgeec.gov.py/sub_index/Pobreza/Paraguay%20Evolucion%20de%20la%20Poblacion%20Total%20Periodo%201950-2002%20Proyeccion%202012.pdf Offeecial estimate]
|-
|208
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ALG}}
|{{convert|2,381,741|km2|0|disp=table}}
|38,700,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 38700000/2381741 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306220607/http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html |date=2012-03-06 }}
|-
|209
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NOR}}
|{{convert|323,782|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,252,166
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5189435/323782 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/kvartal Quarterly official estimate]
|-
|210
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{PNG}}
|{{convert|462,840|km2|0|disp=table}}
|7,398,500
|{{convert|{{#expr: 7398500/462840 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdd/index.php/en/downloads/doc_download/736-population-datasheet-jan-2014 Annual official estimate]
|-
|211
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{CXR}}'' ([[Australia]])
|{{convert|137|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,072
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2072/137 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 9, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result]
|-
|212
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SOM}}
|{{convert|637,657|km2|0|disp=table}}
|9,331,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 9331000/637657 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Somalia.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|213
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NER}}
|{{convert|1,186,408|km2|0|disp=table}}
|17,129,076
|{{convert|{{#expr: 17129076/1186408 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|December 10, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/rgph2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result]
|-
|214
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ARG}}
|{{convert|2,780,400|km2|0|disp=table}}
|40,117,096
|{{convert|{{#expr: 40117096/2780400 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|October 27, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034527/http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }}
|-
|215
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BLZ}}
|{{convert|22,965|km2|0|disp=table}}
|324,528
|{{convert|{{#expr: 324528/22965 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 12, 2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127084833/http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf |date=2016-01-27 }}
|-
|216
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SAU}}
|{{convert|2,149,690|km2|0|disp=table}}
|29,994,272
|{{convert|{{#expr: 29994272/2149690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919225542/http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english/ |date=2012-09-19 }}
|-
|217
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{NCL}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|18,575|km2|0|disp=table}}
|258,958
|{{convert|{{#expr: 258958/18575 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=158&amp;Itemid=42&amp;lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
|218
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{OMN}}
|{{convert|309,500|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,183,841
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4183841/309500 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|June 9, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website Weekly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530052708/http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website |date=2014-05-30 }}
|-
|219
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{COG}}
|{{convert|342,000|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,448,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4448000/342000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|220
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MLI}}
|{{convert|1,248,574|km2|0|disp=table}}
|14,528,662
|{{convert|{{#expr: 14528662/1248574 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 1, 2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://instat.gov.ml Final 2009 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413171022/http://www.instat.gov.ml/ |date=2012-04-13 }}
|-
|221
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{TKM}}
|{{convert|491,210|km2|0|disp=table}}
|5,240,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 5240000/491210 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|222
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{flag|Ascension Island}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|88|km2|0|disp=table}}
|880
|{{convert|{{#expr: 880/88 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|February 10, 2008
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }}
|-
|223
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BOL}}
|{{convert|1,098,581|km2|0|disp=table}}
|10,389,913
|{{convert|{{#expr: 10389913/1098581 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|November 21, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ine.gob.bo/pdf/boletin/NP_2013_2.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result]
|-
|224
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CHA}}
|{{convert|1,284,000|km2|0|disp=table}}
|11,274,106
|{{convert|{{#expr: 11274106/1284000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|May 20, 2009
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Chad.html Preliminary 2009 census result]
|-
|225
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{RUS}}
|{{convert|17,098,242|km2|0|disp=table}}
|143,975,923
|{{convert|{{#expr: 143975923/17098242 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213200830/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm |date=2014-02-13 }}
|-
|226
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{CAF}}
|{{convert|622,436|km2|0|disp=table}}
|4,616,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 4616000/622436 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|227
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GAB}}
|{{convert|267,667|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,672,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1672000/267667 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|228
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{KAZ}}
|{{convert|2,724,900|km2|0|disp=table}}
|17,186,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 17186000/2724900 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|February 1, 2014
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117231623/http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx |date=2014-01-17 }}
|-
|229
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{NIU}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]])
|{{convert|261|km2|0|disp=table}}
|1,613
|{{convert|{{#expr: 1613/261 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 10, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Niue.html Final 2011 census result]
|-
|230
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{GUY}}
|{{convert|214,999|km2|0|disp=table}}
|784,894
|{{convert|{{#expr: 784894/214999 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2010
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031300/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }}
|-
|231
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{LBY}}
|{{convert|1,770,060|km2|0|disp=table}}
|6,244,174
|{{convert|{{#expr: 6202000/1770060 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|232
|{{data Canada|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|233
|{{data Australia|popdens}}
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Offeecial estimate]
|-
|234
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{BOT}}
|{{convert|581,730|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,024,904
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2024904/581730 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 22, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525113252/http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf |date=2013-05-25 }}
|-
|235
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MTN}}
|{{convert|1,030,700|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,461,041
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3461041/1030700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925151255/http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf |date=2015-09-25 }}
|-
|236
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{SUR}}
|{{convert|163,820|km2|0|disp=table}}
|534,189
|{{convert|{{#expr: 534189/163820 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 13, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Suriname.html Preliminary 2012 census result]
|-
|237
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{ISL}}
|{{convert|102,775|km2|0|disp=table}}
|332,529
|{{convert|{{#expr: 332529/102775 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2016
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.statice.is Offeecial estimate]
|-
|238
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GUF}}'' ([[Fraunce]])
|{{convert|86,504|km2|0|disp=table}}
|244,118
|{{convert|{{#expr: 244118/86504 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Offeecial estimate]
|-
|239
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{NAM}}
|{{convert|825,118|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,113,077
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2113077/825118 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|August 28, 2011
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Namibia.html Final 2011 census result]
|-
|240
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|SADR}} [[Wastren Sahara]]&lt;ref&gt;Admeenistration is split atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], baith o which claim the entire territory.&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|252,120|km2|0|disp=table}}
|567,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 567000/252120 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|July 1, 2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |UN estimate
|-
|241
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{MNG}}
|{{convert|1,564,100|km2|0|disp=table}}
|3,000,000
|{{convert|{{#expr: 3000000/1564100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 24, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 Offeecial estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034911/http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 |date=2015-09-24 }}
|-
|242
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{flag|Tristan da Cunha}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|207|km2|0|disp=table}}
|266
|{{convert|{{#expr: 266/207 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|February 10, 2008
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |date=2014-06-29 }}
|-
|243
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{PCN}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])
|{{convert|47|km2|0|disp=table}}
|56
|{{convert|{{#expr: 56/47 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|2013
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Pitcairn.html 2013 census result]
|-
|244
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{FLK}}'' ([[Unitit Kinrick|UK]])&lt;ref&gt;Islands claimed bi [[Argentinae]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{convert|12,173|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,563
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2563/12173 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|April 15, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.falklands.gov.fk/our-people 2012 census result]
|-
|245
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{SJM}}'' ([[Norawa]])
|{{convert|61,399|km2|0|disp=table}}
|2,655
|{{convert|{{#expr: 2655/61399 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|September 1, 2012
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.citypopulation.de/Svalbard.html Offeecial estimate]
|-
|246
| align=&quot;left&quot; |''{{GRL}}'' ([[Denmark]])
|{{convert|2,166,000|km2|0|disp=table}}
|55,984
|{{convert|{{#expr: 55984/2166000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}}
|January 1, 2015
| align=&quot;left&quot; |[http://www.stat.gl/default.asp?lang=en Offeecial estimate]
|-
!Pos.!!Kintra (or dependent territory)!!Aurie (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Aurie (mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Population!!Density&lt;br&gt;(pop./km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Density&lt;br&gt;(pop./mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)!!Date!!Population soorce
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leet O sovereign states an dependent territories bi population density}}
[[Category:Demografie]]
[[Category:Human owerpopulation]]
[[Category:Leets o kintras bi population]]
[[Category:Leets o kintras bi population density]]
[[Category:Leets bi population density|Kintras an dependencies]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boeing 737</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>170610</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869932</id>
      <parentid>831235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T23:15:11Z</timestamp>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>79721</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bluelink 1 book for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20220824)) #IABot (v2.0.9) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= Boeing 737
 |image= File:Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-700; N738CB@LAX;21.04.2007 466kc (4289282802).jpg&lt;!-- In-flight images are preferred for aircraft. --&gt;
 |caption= [[Boeing 737-700]] wi [[blendit weenglet]]s o [[Southwest Airlines]], the teep's lairgest operator
 |alt=
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type= [[Narrae-bouk aircraft|Narrae-bouk]] [[jet airliner]] an [[Business jet]]
 |national origin= Unitit States
 |manufacturer= [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]]
 |first flight= Aprile 9, 1967
 |introduced= Februar 10, 1968, wi [[Lufthansa]]
 |retired=
 |status= In service
 |primary user= [[Southwest Airlines]] &lt;!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of 737s in their fleets. --&gt;
 |more users= [[Ryanair]] &lt;br&gt;[[United Airlines]] &lt;br&gt;[[American Airlines]]&lt;!--Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field (4 total users). Please separate with &lt;br /&gt;.--&gt;
 |produced= 1966–present
 |number built= 9,486 as o Apryle 2017&lt;ref name=737_O_D_summ&gt;{{cite web |title=Boeing Commercial Airplanes – Orders and Deliveries – 737 Model Summary |url=http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=737&amp;optReportType=AllModels&amp;cboAllModel=737&amp;ViewReportF=View+Report |website=boeing.com |publisher=Boeing |date=April 30, 2017 |accessdate=May 2, 2017 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121013435/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=737&amp;optReportType=AllModels&amp;cboAllModel=737&amp;ViewReportF=View+Report |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |unit cost= 737-100: [[Unitit States dollar|US$]]32 million{{sfn|Bowers|1989|p=495|ps=}} &lt;br /&gt;737-600: US$59.4&amp;nbsp;million &lt;br /&gt;737-700: US$80.6&amp;nbsp;million&lt;ref name=prices&gt;{{cite web|title=Commercial Airplanes – Jet Prices|url=http://www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/prices/|website=www.boeing.com|publisher=Boeing|accessdate=January 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;737-800: US$96.0&amp;nbsp;million&lt;ref name=prices/&gt; &lt;br /&gt;737-900ER: US$101.9&amp;nbsp;million&lt;ref name=prices/&gt;
 |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing T-43]]
 |developed into= [[Boeing 737 Classic]] &lt;br&gt;[[Boeing 737 Next Generation]] &lt;br&gt;[[Boeing 737 MAX]]
}}
|}
The '''Boeing 737''' is an American [[Flicht lenth#Categories|short- tae medium-range]] [[twinjet]] [[Narrae-bouk aircraft|narrae-bouk]] [[airliner]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

'''Citit soorces'''
* {{cite book|title=Boeing Aircraft since 1916|url=https://archive.org/details/boeingaircraftsi0000bowe|last=Bowers|first=Peter M.|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1989|location=Annapolis, Maryland|ref=harv|ISBN=0-87021-037-8}}

[[Category:Boeing aircraft|737]]
[[Category:Unitit States airliners 1960–1969]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Boeing 737| ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joseph Marie de Boufflers, Duke o Boufflers</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171867</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869931</id>
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      <text bytes="1349" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox nobility
| name   =Joseph Marie de Boufflers
| title = Duke o Boufflers
| birth_date = 22 Mey 1706
| image = Joseph Marie de Boufflers.png
| caption = Boufflers bi Nattier. 
| death_date  =2 Julie 1747 (aged 41)
| death_place = [[Genoa]], [[Italy]]
| spouse         =''never mairit''
| full name      =Joseph  Marie de Boufflers
| father         = [[Louis François de Boufflers, Duke o Boufflers|Louis François de Boufflers]]
| issue = ''nae childer''
| mother = Catherine Charlotte de Gramont
| module = &lt;center&gt;[[File:Crown of a Duke of France.svg|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Blason boufflers.svg|100px]]&lt;/center&gt;
}}

'''Joseph Marie de Boufflers, Duke o Boufflers''' (22 Mey 1706 - 2 Julie 1747) wis the son an hier o [[Louis François de Boufflers, Duke o Boufflers|Marshal-Duke o Boufflers]]. He wis also a relation o [[Madame de Boufflers|Marie Françoise de Beauvau
, &quot;Madame de Boufflers&quot;]]. He wis the second Duke o Boufflers. His mither wis a dochter o [[Antoine Charles de Gramont, Duke o Gramont]].

{{Stub/Ryal}}
[[Category:1706 births]]
[[Category:1747 daiths]]
[[Category:Dukes o Fraunce]]
[[Category:French fowk]]
[[Category:18t-century French fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Ancien Régime]]
[[Category:French generals]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Haly Spirit]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o Saunt Louis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Leet o ceeties an touns in Romanie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>203234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869947</id>
      <parentid>859431</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-25T11:17:36Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="67979" xml:space="preserve">This is a '''leet o ceeties an touns in [[Romanie]]''', ordered bi population accordin tae the [[Demographic history o Romanie|2002 an 2011 censuses]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf |title=Anuarul de statistica, pag 16 |access-date=2018-11-11 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Complete leet==
[[File:Map of the cities of Romania.png|thumb|Map shawin Romanie's coonty seats in daurk green an aw ither ceeties an touns in licht green.]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot; |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| Municipality ({{lang-ro|[[municipiu]]}})
|-
| &amp;nbsp; |&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| City ({{lang-ro|oraș}})
|-
| '''Bold'''
| Coonty caipital ({{lang-ro|reședință de județ}})
|-
|}

{|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;
|-
! align=&quot;left&quot;  |City
! align=&quot;left&quot;  |Coonty
! align=&quot;right&quot; |Population (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;INSSER&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/rpl_2011_populatia-pe-categorii-de-localitati.xls | title = Population at 20 October 2011 | date = January 2014 | accessdate = 2 February 2014 | publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]] | language = Romanian | archive-date = 2017-06-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170610134720/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/rpl_2011_populatia-pe-categorii-de-localitati.xls | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
! align=&quot;right&quot; |Population (2002)
! align=&quot;right&quot; |Altitude (m)
! align=&quot;right&quot; |Year status&lt;br/&gt;granted (''a'') or&lt;br/&gt;first attested (''b'')
! align=&quot;right&quot; |Image
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Bucharest]]'''
| —
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,883,425
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,926,334
| 85
| 1459&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bucharest - Smârdan Street (28547822606).jpg|150px]]
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Cluj-Napoca]]'''
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 324,576
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 317,953
| 360
| 1316&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Palatul Széki, Cluj (2).jpg|150x150px]]
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Timișoara]]'''
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 319,279
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 317,660
| 90
| 1342&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Timisoara - Catholic Dome in Union Square.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Iași]]'''
| [[Iași Coonty|Iași]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 290,422
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 320,888
| 95
| 1408&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO IS Iasi, Palace of Culture 2.jpg|150px]]
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Constanța]]'''
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 283,872
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 310,471
| 25
| 260 BC&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Tomis)
| [[File:Cazino Constanta 1.jpg|150px]]
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Craiova]]'''
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 269,506
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 302,601
| 100
| 1475&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Palatul Constantin Mihail, (azi Muzeul de Artă) vedere centrală.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Bras~ov|[[Brașov]]}}'''
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 253,200
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 284,596
| 625
| 1235&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Braşov (Kronstadt, Brassó) - center.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Galați]]'''
| [[Galați Coonty|Galați]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 249,432
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 298,861
| 55
| 1445&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Administrative Palace of Galati.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Ploiești]]'''
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 209,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 232,527
| 150
| 1596&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO PH Ploiesti Palace of Culture.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Oradea]]'''
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 196,367
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 206,614
| 150
| 1113&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria și Centrul Municipiului Oradea.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Bra~ila|'''[[Brăila]]'''}}
| [[Brăila Coonty|Brăila]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 180,302
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 216,292
| 20
| 1368&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Hotel Danubiu - Municipiul Braila - vedere de zi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Arad, Romanie|Arad]]'''
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 159,074
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 172,824
| 107
| 1028&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Arad City Hall (30112380741).jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Pitești]]'''
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 155,383
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 168,458
| 287
| 1388&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Pitesti art gallery.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Sibiu]]'''
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 147,245
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 154,892
| 415
| 1191&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sibiuphoto.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Bacău]]'''
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 144,307
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 175,500
| 165
| 1408&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bacău (4263977420).jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Ta~~rgumures~|[[Târgu Mureș]]}}'''
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 134,290
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 149,577
| 330
| 1332&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO MS Palace of Culture.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Baia Mare]]'''
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 123,738
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 137,976
| 225
| 1329&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Turnul Ștefan Centrul Vechi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Buza~u|'''[[Buzău]]'''}}
| [[Buzău Coonty|Buzău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115,494
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 133,116
| 95
| 1431&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria municipiului Buzău.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Botoșani]]'''
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106,847
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115,344
| 130
| 1439&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Prefectura Veche Bt.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Satu Mare]]'''
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 102,411
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 115,630
| 123
| 1213&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Szatmárnémeti, Régi Városháza.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Ra~~mnicuva~~lcea|[[Râmnicu Vâlcea]]}}'''
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 98,776
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 107,656
| 250
| 1388&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:GerichtRV.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]]'''
| [[Mehedinți Coonty|Mehedinți]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,617
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 104,035
| 65
| 121 AD&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1833&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Castelul de apă, Turnu Severin, jud. MH.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Suceava]]'''
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,121
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 106,138
| 325
| 1388&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Palatul Administrativ din Suceava12.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Piatra Neamț]]'''
| [[Neamț Coonty|Neamț]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 85,055
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 105,499
| 345
| 1491&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Curtea Domnească din Piatra Neamț 03.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Ta~~rgujiu|[[Târgu Jiu]]}}'''
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 82,504
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 96,562
| 205
| 1406&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book
 | last = Ghinea
 | first = Dan
 | title = Enciclopedia Geografică a României (The Geographic Encyclopedia of Romania)
 | publisher = Editura Enciclopedică
 | edition = 3rd, revised and expanded
 | location = Bucharest
 | date = 2002
 | language = Romanian
 | isbn = 9734503960 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Colegiul Național &quot;Tudor Vladimirescu&quot;, Târgu Jiu.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Ta~~rgovis~te|[[Târgoviște]]}}'''
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,610
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 89,429
| 280
| 1396&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot; /&gt;
| [[File:Muzeul de istorie Dâmbovița.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Focșani]]'''
| [[Vrancea Coonty|Vrancea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,315
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 103,219
| 55
| 1575&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Focşani Teatrul, march 2001.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Bistrița]]'''
| [[Bistrița-Năsăud Coonty|Bistrița-Năsăud]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 75,076
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 81,467
| 360
| 1349&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica evanghelică.C.A.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Tulcea]]'''
| [[Tulcea Coonty|Tulcea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,707
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 92,762
| 30
| 300 BC–292 BC&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Aegyssus]]); 1506&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Tulcea)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot; /&gt;
| [[File:Administrația Pescăriei Statului.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Reșița]]'''
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 73,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 83,985
| 245
| 1925&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:147 DCE.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Slatina, Romanie|Slatina]]'''
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,293
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 79,171
| 135
| 1368&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO OT Slatina center from Gradiste hill 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''{{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași]]}}'''
| {{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași Coonty|Călărași]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 65,181
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,039
| 13
| 1534&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Prefectura Calarasi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Alba Iulia]]'''
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,536
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 66,369
| 330
| 1097&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cetatea_Alba_Iulia_din_aer_toamna.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Giurgiu]]'''
| [[Giurgiu Coonty|Giurgiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,353
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,587
| 25
| 1395&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ateneu giurgiu.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Deva, Romanie|Deva]]'''
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,123
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,390
| 187
| 1269&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Deva Prefecture 2011-4.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Hunedoara]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 60,525
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 71,380
| 240
| 1265&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Castelul Corvinilor din Hunedoara in 10 Decembrie 2012. Fotografie realizata de catre Marian Lucian.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Zalău]]'''
| {{sort|Sa~laj|[[Sălaj Coonty|Sălaj]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,202
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 63,305
| 275
| 1473&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Reformed Church, 2006 Zilah 009.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Sfântu Gheorghe]]'''
| [[Covasna Coonty|Covasna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 56,006
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 61,512
| 555
| 1332&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1832&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sepsiszentgyorgyi reformatus vartemplom.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|ba~~rlad|[[Bârlad]]}}
| [[Vaslui Coonty|Vaslui]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,837
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,183
| 70–120
| 1174&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Colegiul National &quot;Gheorghe Rosca Codreanu&quot; Barlad.jpg|150px]]
|-
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Vaslui]]'''
| [[Vaslui Coonty|Vaslui]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,407
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 70,267
| 110–170
| 1375&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Piata Civica Vaslui.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Roman, Romanie|Roman]]
| [[Neamț Coonty|Neamț]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,713
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 69,483
| 200
| 1387&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO NT Roman Hogas villa.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Turda]]
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,744
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,770
| 315
| 1075&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:2011-IMG 4425.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Mediaș]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 47,204
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 55,203
| 330
| 1359&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sfânta Margareta.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Slobozia]]'''
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,891
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 52,677
| 20
| 1614&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:BCR - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Alexandria, Romanie|Alexandria]]'''
| [[Teleorman Coonty|Teleorman]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,434
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 50,591
| 41
| 1840&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Prefectura Teleorman.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Voluntari]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,944
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,016
| 57
| 1864&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (the Pipera veelage), 1921&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (Cetatea Voluntărească/the Volunteering Citadel); 1968&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Voluntari);&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.primaria-voluntari.ro/localitate/istoric.php | title = Voluntari - Historical Dates | accessdate = 31 December 2014 | publisher = Voluntari Town Hall | language = Romanian}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:AISB Library Media Center Exterior.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Lugoj]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,361
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 44,571
| 124
| 1334&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (''Sacerdos de Lucas''); 1376&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Castrum Lugas]]); 1542&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Old county hall lugoj.png|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Medgidia]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,780
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 43,867
| 75
| 1840&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Medgidia station.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Onești]]
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 39,172
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 51,681
| 210
| 1436&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as &quot;Siliștea lui Oană la Trotuș&quot;/the veelage hearth of Oană upon [[Trotuș]]);&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt; 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ajuntament Onesti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| '''[[Miercurea Ciuc]]'''
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,966
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,852
| 662
| 1558&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Márton Áron Gimnázium Csíkszereda 2014.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Sighetu Marmației]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,640
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 41,246
| 274
| 1326&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sighetul Marmatiei - Palatul Culturii.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Petroșani]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 37,160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 45,447
| 615
| 1930&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Petrosani Casa de Cultura a Studentilor.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Mangalia]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,364
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 40,037
| 20
| 500 BC–400 BC&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Callatis]]); 1593&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Mangalia)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Portul-Turistic-Mangalia-1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Tecuci]]
| [[Galați Coonty|Galați]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,871
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,012
| 50
| 1435&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO GL Tecuci Biblioteca municipala - intrare.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Odorheiu Secuiesc]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,257
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,926
| 477–504
| 1301&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Castrum Vduord]]); 1332–1334&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Uduorhel veelage); 1485&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Oppidum Udvarhely)
| [[File:Curtea interioară a Primăriei municipiului Odorheiu Secuiesc.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ra~~mnicusa~rat|[[Râmnicu Sărat]]}}
| [[Buzău Coonty|Buzău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,843
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,805
| 118
| 1439&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RSCityHall.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Pas~cani|[[Pașcani]]}}
| [[Iași Coonty|Iași]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,745
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 42,172
| 250
| 1419&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Pascani residential houses.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Dej]]
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,497
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,478
| 285
| 1061&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bis ref Dej night.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Reghin]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,281
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,023
| 390
| 1228&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Săsească Reghin (1).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Na~vodari|[[Năvodari]]}}
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,981
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,400
| 7
| 1421&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Kara Koyun); 1927&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Năvodari); 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Mamaia - rafineriia.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ca~~mpina|[[Câmpina]]}}
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,935
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,758
| 435
| 1503&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1864&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Iulia Hasdeu Castle.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Mioveni]]
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,998
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 35,849
| 300
| 1485&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Colibași); 1996&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Mioveni)
| [[File:BisericaDinMioveni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ca~~mpulung|[[Câmpulung]]}}
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,767
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 38,285
| 580–600
| 1292&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;–1300&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bustul lui Negru Vodă - Câmpulung – LMI AG-III-m-B-13868.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Caracal, Romanie|Caracal]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,954
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 34,603
| 128
| 1538&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO OT Caracal national theatre.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Sa~cele|[[Săcele]]}}
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,798
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,967
| 
| 1366&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1971&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO BV Sacele 2.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Fa~ga~ras~|[[Făgăraș]]}}
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,714
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 36,121
| 430
| 1222&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (the region of [[Fagar šu]]/Fogaras river); 1291&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Fogros); 1310 (the Fogaras widden fortress)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Cetatea Fagaras by night.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Fetești]]
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,217
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,197
| 25
| 1528&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1934&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Piata Garii Fetesti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Sighișoara]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,102
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,287
| 380
| 1367&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sighisoara Uhrturm.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Borșa]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,611
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,247
| 950
| 1365&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:BorsaMM (2).JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ros~ioriidevede|[[Roșiorii de Vede]]}}
| [[Teleorman Coonty|Teleorman]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,416
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,873
| 32
| 1385&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria Rosiorii de Vede.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Curtea de Argeș]]
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,359
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,626
| 420
| 1330&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Argeș castle/''cetate''); 1510&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as The Argeș Court/Curtea de Argeș)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Man Curtea de Arges.SV.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Sebeș]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 27,019
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,475
| 
| 1245&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sebes, Gimnaziul evanghelic.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Huși]]
| [[Vaslui Coonty|Vaslui]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,266
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,320
| 120
| 1494&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Banca Raiffeisen din Husi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Fa~lticeni|[[Fălticeni]]}}
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,723
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,867
| 220–390
| 1440&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;; 1490&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as &quot;Șumuz, that is Fulticeanii&quot; veelage); 1780&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Șoldănești town/''târg''); 1826&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (Fălticeni)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Muzeul de Artă „Ion Irimescu” din Fălticeni (2).JPG|150px]]
|-
| [[Pantelimon, Ilfov|Pantelimon]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,596
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,019
| 
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Flickr - fusion-of-horizons - Mănăstirea Cernica (9).jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Oltenița]]
| {{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași Coonty|Călărași]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,822
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,434
| 15
| 1853&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Oltenita.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Turnu Măgurele]]
| [[Teleorman Coonty|Teleorman]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,772
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,187
| 31
| 1387&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sfântul Haralambie.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Caransebeș]]
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,689
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,199
| 220
| 1289&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1564&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Caransebeș, Primăria.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Dorohoi]]
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,309
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,073
| 170
| 1407&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica &quot;Sfantul Nicolae&quot; Dorohoi, judetul Botosani.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Vulcan, Romanie|Vulcan]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,160
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 33,186
| 610
| 1462&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Wolkan); 1953&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica catolică Vulcan.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ra~da~ut~i|[[Rădăuți]]}}
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,822
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 32,151
| 375
| 1393&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Fosta prefectură și hotel, Rădăuți (2).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Za~rnes~ti|[[Zărnești]]}}
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,476
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,520
| 
| 1373&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1951&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Zarnesti.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Lupeni]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,390
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 31,409
| 725
| 1770&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1941&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria Lupeni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Aiud]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,876
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,909
| 260
| 1293&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Aiud view Road to Turda.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Petrila]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,692
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 28,742
| 675
| 1493&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Lonyaytelep02.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ca~~mpiaturzii|[[Câmpia Turzii]]}}
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,223
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,852
| 300
| 1925&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Câmpia Turzii-Piața Mihai Viteazu,nr.9-IMG 2063.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Buftea]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,178
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,617
| 110
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:2012.05.01 Palatul Stirbei Buftea 012 stitch3+GIMP-.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ta~~rna~veni|[[Târnăveni]]}}
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,075
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 29,828
| 300
| 1278&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1912&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:OrTarnaveniMS (32).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Popești-Leordeni]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,895
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,115
| 
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Popesti Leordeni, Strada Paraul Rece - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Moinești]]
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,787
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,532
|
| 1467&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria(l'ajuntament) de Moineşti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Codlea]]
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,708
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,814
| 550
| 1265&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1950&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:ZeidenRichtungS.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cugir]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,376
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 30,244
| 304
| 1330&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Villa Kudzyr); 1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Cugir.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Carei]]
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,112
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,590
| 160
| 1320&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1871&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Centru, Carei 445100, Romanie - panoramio (32).jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Gherla]]
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,982
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,232
| 250
| 1291&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Armenian Catholic Cathedral.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Blaj]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,630
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,819
| 260
| 1271&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Blaj - Catedrala Greco-Catolică „Sf. Treime”.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Coma~nes~ti|[[Comănești]]}}
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,568
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 26,237
| 520
| 1409&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1952&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Revelion 2004 - 2005 017.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Motru]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,079
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 25,860
| 
| 1385&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1966&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Motru.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~~rguneamt~|[[Târgu Neamț]]}}
| [[Neamț Coonty|Neamț]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,695
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,634
| 365
| 1387&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cetatea Neamt-Intrarea.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Moreni]]
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,687
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,868
| 472
| 1584&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1948&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Vedere din centrul municipiului Moreni.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ta~~rgusecuiesc|[[Târgu Secuiesc]]}}
| [[Covasna Coonty|Covasna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,491
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,251
|
| 1407&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Kezdi centre6.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Gheorgheni]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,377
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,245
| 810
| 1232&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;; 1333&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (''Sacerdos de Giorgio''); 1905&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Armeano-Catolica Gheorgeni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Orăștie]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,227
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 24,354
|
| 1224&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:OrastieHD2012 (29).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Balș]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,164
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 23,147
| 150
| 1921&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO OT Bals library.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|ba~icoi|[[Băicoi]]}}
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,981
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,234
| 310
| 1597&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1948&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| 
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Dra~ga~s~ani|[[Drăgășani]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,871
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,499
|
| 1535&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Centru dragasani.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Salonta]]
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,735
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,006
| 90
| 1606&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Csonkatorony Arany Palota.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ba~iles~ti|[[Băilești]]}}
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,437
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 22,231
| 80
| 1536&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1921&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| 
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Calafat]]
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,336
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,227
| 35
| 1424&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria calafat.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cernavodă]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,022
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,514
| 50
| 300 BC–100 BC&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Axiopolis]]); 1860&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Černa Voda)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://cernavoda.wordpress.com/cronologie-istorica/ | title = Historical dates on Cernavoda Blog | accessdate = 30 December 2014 | language = Romanian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| [[File:Cernavodă-center.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Filiași]]
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,900
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,159
| 
| 1573&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| 
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| {{sort|Ca~~mpulungmoldovenesc|[[Câmpulung Moldovenesc]]}}
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,722
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,862
| 630
| 1411&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1866&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Obcina Feredeului.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Corabia]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,441
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,932
| 35
| 1596&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1871&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria - Corabia City Hall.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Adjud]]
| [[Vrancea Coonty|Vrancea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,045
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 20,776
| 97
| 1433&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO VN Adjud WWI monument.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Breaza]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,928
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,863
| 600
| 1431&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1952&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO PH Breaza railway station.jpeg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Bocșa]]
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,842
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,023
| 170
| 1333&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria Bocsa.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Marghita]]
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,770
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,650
| 
| 1216&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1967&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Református templom Margittán.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Baia Sprie]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,476
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,735
| 500
| 1329&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Baia Sprie.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Bragadiru]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,329
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,165
| 37
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| 
|- 
| [[Luduș]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,328
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,647
| 
| 1377&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Statuia Lupoaicei din Ludus.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Urziceni]]
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,308
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 19,088
| 60
| 1596&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Gara Urziceni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Vișeu de Sus]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,037
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,444
| 427
| 1365&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:CFF Viseu 2012-08-27 11.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ra~~s~nov|[[Râșnov]]}}
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,022
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,242
| 650
| 1331&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:RO BV Rasnov church 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Buhuși]]
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,562
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 21,993
| 235
| 1438&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1930&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:AF de Buhuşi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|S~tefa~nes~ti|[[Ștefănești, Argeș|Ștefănești]]}}
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,541
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,983
| 
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Observator astronomic domeniul Bratianu Stefanesti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Brad, Romanie|Brad]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,495
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 18,075
| 278
| 1445&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1941&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Brad-Bahnhof.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|S~imleusilvaniei|[[Șimleu Silvaniei]]}}
| {{sort|Sa~laj|[[Sălaj Coonty|Sălaj]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,436
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,053
|
| 1251&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Szilágysomlyó-churches1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Vatra Dornei]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,429
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,864
| 802
| 1592&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1907&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO SV Vatra Dornei street 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Mizil]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,312
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,075
| 125
| 1585&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1830&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO PH Mizil town hall.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cisnădie]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,282
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 17,204
| 510
| 1150&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Ruetel); 1323&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Heltau); 1948&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cisnadie fortified church.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Pucioasa]]
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,254
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,489
| 350
| 1649&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Piatra Pucioasa); 1929&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Hotel Ceres Pucioasa.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Chitila]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,184
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,643
| 84
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Monumentul eroilor - Chitila. 2011.05.01.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Zimnicea]]
| [[Teleorman Coonty|Teleorman]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,058
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,787
| 48
| 1385&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Dezimnikos)
| [[File:Zimnicea Night.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Toplița]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,929
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,839
| 650
| 1567&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Taplócza); 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Arhangheli Mihail si Gavril - Toplita.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Otopeni]]
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,861
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,515
| 91
| 2000&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Henri Coandă International Airport, March 2013.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ovidiu]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,847
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,458
| 
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Insula ovidiu.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Gura Humorului]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,667
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,740
| 
| 1490&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1904&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Centrul orașului Gura Humorului.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ga~es~ti|[[Găești]]}}
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,317
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,598
|
| 1498&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO DB Gaesti St Nicholas church.jpg|150px]]
|-  
| [[Vicovu de Sus]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,308
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,125
| 
| 1436&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bustul lui Ion Nistor din Vicovu de Sus.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|T~a~nda~rei|[[Țăndărei]]}}
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,591
| 
| 1594&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO IL Tandarei town hall.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ocna Mureș]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,036
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,697
| 
| 1203&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Uioara); 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:2007-IMG 0014.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Bolintin-Vale]]
| [[Giurgiu Coonty|Giurgiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,929
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,464
| 100
| 1426&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria Bolintin Vale (2).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Avrig]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,815
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,215
| 350
| 1364&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Freck.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Pecica]]
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,762
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,024
| 
| 1329&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Pecica Ansamblul urban (7).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Simeria]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,556
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,571
| 
| 1449&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Piskitelep); 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Gyulay mansion biscaria.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Moldova Nouă]]
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,350
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,112
| 
| 1600&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Moldova Noua 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~~nnicolaumare|[[Sânnicolau Mare]]}}
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,312
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,007
| 82
| 1217&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Sân-Nicolau); 1942&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sarbeasca.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Va~leniidemunte|[[Vălenii de Munte]]}}
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,257
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,898
| 350
| 1431&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ansamblul Școlii de misionare &quot;Regina Maria&quot; din Vălenii de Munte.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Da~rma~nes~ti|[[Dărmănești]]}}
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,247
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,232
| 
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Palatul Știrbei vedere frontala.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Da~buleni|[[Dăbuleni]]}}
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,182
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,888
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Comarnic]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,970
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,532
| 500–580
| 1510&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Romania (13954588119).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Negrești-Oaș]]
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,867
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 16,356
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1965&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:SatDinOas.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Rovinari]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,816
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,603
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1981&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO GJ Rovinari.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Scornicești]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,766
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,751
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~~rgula~pus~|[[Târgu Lăpuș]]}}
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,744
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,139
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:MonumentulUniriiTgLapus.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~cueni|[[Săcueni]]}}
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,526
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,665
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sacueni BH Reformed Church (side).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Videle]]
| [[Teleorman Coonty|Teleorman]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,508
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,498
|
|1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|[[File:8 Videle 120916.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~~ntana|[[Sântana]]}}
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,428
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,936
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Kirchejesu.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Oravița]]
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,382
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,222
|
|
| [[File:Biserica &quot;Adormirea Maicii Domnului&quot; 3.jpg|150px]]
|-
| {{sort|Ta~~rguocna|[[Târgu Ocna]]}}
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,300
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,184
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1774&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ajuntament de Târgu Ocna.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ca~lan|[[Călan]]}}
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,279
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,714
| 231
| 1961&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Strei (Grigore Roibu).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Boldești-Scăeni]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,137
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,505
| 250–300
| 1543&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (Scăieni), 1600&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (Boldești); 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; (bi union)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Boldesti town hall.JPG|150px]]
|-
| {{sort|Ma~gurele|[[Măgurele]]}}
| [[Ilfov Coonty|Ilfov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,041
| align=&quot;right&quot;| 9,200
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Magurele.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ha~~rla~u|[[Hârlău]]}}
| [[Iași Coonty|Iași]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,905
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,260
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica „Sf. Gheorghe” din Hârlău.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Dra~ga~nes~tiolt|[[Drăgănești-Olt]]}}
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,894
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,181
|- 
| [[Jimbolia]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,808
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,497
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1950&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Statuia Sf. Florian Jimbolia.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ma~ra~s~es~ti|[[Mărășești]]}}
| [[Vrancea Coonty|Vrancea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,671
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,070
|
|
| [[File:RO VN Marasesti mausoleum 2.jpg|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Beiuș]]
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,667
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,089
| 191
| 1451&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Beius centru din aer.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Beclean]]
| [[Bistrița-Năsăud Coonty|Bistrița-Năsăud]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,628
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,033
| 252
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Church in Beclean.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Urlați]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,541
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,858
|
|
| [[File:Conacul Bellu Urlati, pavilionul portii.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ot~eluros~u|[[Oțelu Roșu]]}}
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,510
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,128
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO CS Biserica Sfantul Gheorghe din Otelu Rosu (14).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Strehaia]]
| [[Mehedinți Coonty|Mehedinți]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,506
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,564
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1921&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO MH - Mănăstirea Strehaia (Beciurile palatului domnesc).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~~rgufrumos|[[Târgu Frumos]]}}
| [[Iași Coonty|Iași]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,475
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 13,763
|
|
| [[File:Roman.Catholic.Church.Tg.Frumos.ROMANIA.JPG|150px]]
|- 
|style=&quot;background-color:#FFE6BD&quot;| [[Orșova]]
| [[Mehedinți Coonty|Mehedinți]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,441
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 15,379
|
|
| [[File:Mica Orsova.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Sinaia]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,410
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 14,636
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1880&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Pelisor Castle (4).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Jibou]]
| {{sort|Sa~laj|[[Sălaj Coonty|Sălaj]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,407
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,283
| 
| 1205&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Gradina Botanica - Jibou 6.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Sovata]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,385
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,219
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1952&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Medve-tó légi.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Costești]]
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,375
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,091
| 200
| 1535&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria orașului Costești.JPG|150px]]
|-
| [[Ianca]]
| [[Brăila Coonty|Brăila]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,343
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,886
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ayuntamiento Ianca.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]]
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,313
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,491
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1440&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Catholic church lipova.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Dolhasca]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,298
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,009
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primăria Dolhasca.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Topoloveni]]
| [[Argeș Coonty|Argeș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,219
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,329
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Murfatlar]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,216
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,857
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:MurtfaltalrDanubeChannel.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Nehoiu]]
| [[Buzău Coonty|Buzău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,211
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,650
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ro bz nehoiu entrance.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Flămânzi]]
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,799
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO BT Flamanzi 1907 uprising museum.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Covasna]]
| [[Covasna Coonty|Covasna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,114
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,306
| 550–600
| 1567&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1952&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Kovászna külvárosi székelykapu.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ales~d|[[Aleșd]]}}
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,066
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,852
| 224
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Alesd - Létai-house.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Valea lui Mihai]]
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,902
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,665
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1844&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;/1930&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;/1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO BH Valea lui Mihai.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Darabani]]
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,893
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,002
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1926&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Aleea pietonala Darabani.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Hat~eg|[[Hațeg]]}}
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,685
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,507
|
|
| [[File:HategHD2012 (7).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~~ngeorzba~i|[[Sângeorz-Băi]]}}
| [[Bistrița-Năsăud Coonty|Bistrița-Năsăud]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,679
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,702
|
|
| [[File:Biserica de lemn din Sangeorz-Bai01.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Titu]]
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,658
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,711
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Titu Train Station.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cristuru Secuiesc]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,650
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,291
| 393
| 1332&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (''Sacerdos de Sancta Croce''); 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cristuru Secuiesc Szabadság Square.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ha~~rs~ova|[[Hârșova]]}}
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,642
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,198
|
|
| [[File:Church of Harsova.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Liteni]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,596
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,851
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Nicolae din Liteni2.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Na~sa~ud|[[Năsăud]]}}
| [[Bistrița-Năsăud Coonty|Bistrița-Năsăud]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,587
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,365
|
|
| [[File:Nasaud rathaus.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Podu Iloaiei]]
| [[Iași Coonty|Iași]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,573
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,739
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2005&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Podu Iloaiei - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Eforie]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,473
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,294
|
|
| [[File:Eforie Nord - aug 2014 (1).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Odobești]]
| [[Vrancea Coonty|Vrancea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,364
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,000
|- 
| [[Huedin]]
| [[Cluj Coonty|Cluj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,346
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,955
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1961&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bánffyhunyad református templom.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ineu]]
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,260
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,416
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1967&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cetatea Ineului.jpg|150px]]
|-  
| [[Salcea]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,015
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,719
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Conacul Sturdza din Salcea.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Seini]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,987
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,439
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica romano-catolica Seini.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Uricani]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,972
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,177
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1965&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:3 iulie 07 (4).JPEG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Babadag]]
| [[Tulcea Coonty|Tulcea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,940
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,878
| 30–70
| 1330–1332&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Baba-Saltik)
| [[File:Babadag monument.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Bumbești-Jiu]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,932
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,882
| 400
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica „Sf. Gheorghe” din Bumbești-Jiu (Curtișoara).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Bus~teni|[[Bușteni]]}}
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,894
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,787
| 880–940
| 1840&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1946&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Busteni and Bucegi Mountain.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Agnita]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,732
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 12,115
| 447
| 1950&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Agnita fortified church II.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Iernut]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,705
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,833
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Reformed church in Radnót from the garden.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Baraolt]]
| [[Covasna Coonty|Covasna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,672
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,464
| 500
| 1224&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Baróti református templom.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~s~nad|[[Tășnad]]}}
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,631
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,188
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Tasnad Townhall.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Roznov, Neamț|Roznov]]
| [[Neamț Coonty|Neamț]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,593
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,171
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Nicolae, Roznov, Neamţ.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|ba~beni|[[Băbeni]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,451
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,475
| 217
| 2002&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO VL Babeni 14.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Negrești]]
| [[Vaslui Coonty|Vaslui]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,380
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,481
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biblioteca Negreşti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Recaș]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,336
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,560
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Herneacova1.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ma~cin|[[Măcin]]}}
| [[Tulcea Coonty|Tulcea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,245
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 11,803
|
|
| [[File:Macin Monumentul Eroilor.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~~rguca~rbunes~ti|[[Târgu Cărbunești]]}}
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,034
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,338
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO GJ Manastirea Sfantul Ioan Botezatorul (Camaraseasca) din Targu Carbunesti (89).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Chis~ineucris~|[[Chișineu-Criș]]}}
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,987
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,724
| 102
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Siret]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,976
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,003
|
|
| [[File:Fosta primărie a orașului Siret.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Mihăilești]]
| [[Giurgiu Coonty|Giurgiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,923
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,161
|
|
| [[File:Mihăileşti Giurgiu.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Budești]]
| {{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași Coonty|Călărași]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,725
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,596
| 18
| 1526&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Plopeni]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,718
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,083
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Panciu]]
| [[Vrancea Coonty|Vrancea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,664
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,834
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| {{sort|Ca~lima~nes~ti|[[Călimănești]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,622
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,923
| 260
| 1386&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1927&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Căălimăneşti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Fieni]]
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,587
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,092
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Fieni station 2017 4.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|S~omcutamare|[[Șomcuta Mare]]}}
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,565
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,708
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica de lemn din Buteasa (3).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|I~ntorsurabuza~ului|[[Întorsura Buzăului]]}}
| [[Covasna Coonty|Covasna]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,528
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,081
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Panorama intorsura buzaului covasna romania.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Zlatna]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,490
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,254
|
|
| [[File:Zalatna látképe.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Anina]]
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,485
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 10,594
| 645–780
| 1952&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Uzinele de fier Anina.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Curtici]]
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,453
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,762
| 107
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO AR Panoramic view of Curtici.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Na~dlac|[[Nădlac]]}}
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,398
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,422
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Nădlac - view from evangelical church.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Dumbrăveni]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,388
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,812
|
|
| [[File:Dumbraveni church outside.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Victoria, Brașov|Victoria]]
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,386
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,059
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1954&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Orlvictoria.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Amara, Romanie|Amara]]
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,345
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,627
| 30
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Sediul Primariei.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Pa~ta~~rlagele|[[Pătârlagele]]}}
| [[Buzău Coonty|Buzău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,304
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,290
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ro bz patarlagele judecatorie.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Techirghiol]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,292
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,388
|
|
| [[File:Iglesia Techirghiol.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Pogoanele]]
| [[Buzău Coonty|Buzău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,275
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,614
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO BZ Pogoanele 2.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ulmeni, Maramureş|Ulmeni]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,270
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,153
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica de lemn din Arduzel1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Turceni]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,269
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,559
| 
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Turceni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|ca~~mpeni|[[Câmpeni]]}}
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,221
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,587
| 533–618
| 1565&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1961&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Câmpeni-Muzeul &quot;Avram Iancu&quot;.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cehu Silvaniei]]
| {{sort|Sa~laj|[[Sălaj Coonty|Sălaj]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,214
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,468
| 320
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Hungarian Reformed Church from Szilágycseh - Szilágycsehi Református Templom - Biserica Reformată din Cehu-Silvaniei.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~ut~iima~ghera~us~|[[Tăuții-Măgherăuș]]}}
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,136
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,713
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria-tautii.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Murgeni]]
| [[Vaslui Coonty|Vaslui]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,119
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,674
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Murgeni, Romanie March 2001.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Tismana]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,035
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,894
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO GJ Tismana monastery 9.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Buziaș]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,023
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,128
| 128
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Buzias Ansamblu balnear (2).jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Segarcea]]
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,019
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,704
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~veni|[[Săveni]]}}
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,999
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,685
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1920&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Mezeul Săveni.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Pa~~ncota|[[Pâncota]]}}
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,946
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,418
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Ungheni, Mureș|Ungheni]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,945
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,554
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Nyárádtő református templom1.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~rmas~u|[[Sărmașu]]}}
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,942
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,493
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Wooden church sarmasu.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ra~cari|[[Răcari]]}}
| {{sort|Da~~mbovit~a|[[Dâmbovița Coonty|Dâmbovița]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,930
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,892
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~lmaciu|[[Tălmaciu]]}}
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,905
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,147
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Talmesch, evangelische Kirche, 5.jpeg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cajvana]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,901
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,263
| 384
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Arhangheli din Cajvana8.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Vlăhița]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,898
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,392
|- 
| [[Fundulea]]
| {{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași Coonty|Călărași]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,851
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,217
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Fundulea, Romanie - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Livada, Satu Mare|Livada]]
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,773
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,004
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2006&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bis.gr.cat.Livada.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Fa~get|[[Făget]]}}
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,761
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,519
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1994&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Cassina Făget - lateral 01.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Teiuș]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,695
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,338
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1994&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Gara Teius.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Bicaz]]
| [[Neamț Coonty|Neamț]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,543
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,911
| 432
| 1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Bicaz Dam.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|S~tei|[[Ștei]]}}
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,529
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,466
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Catedarala stei.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|I~nsura~t~ei|[[Însurăței]]}}
| [[Brăila Coonty|Brăila]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,528
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,501
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO BR Insuratei town hall.jpeg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Lehliu Gară]]
| {{sort|Ca~la~ras~i|[[Călărași Coonty|Călărași]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,502
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,667
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO CL Lehliu Gara 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ta~~rgubujor|[[Târgu Bujor]]}}
| [[Galați Coonty|Galați]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,299
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,044
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Târgu Bujor station 2.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Piatra-Olt]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,299
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,583
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Conacul Argeșanu - detaliu (SV).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Horezu]]
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,263
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,446
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Hurezi (14572888536).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Deta (town)|Deta]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,260
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,423
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1810&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Deta.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ardud]]
| [[Satu Mare Coonty|Satu Mare]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,231
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,486
| 180–200
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Az erdődi vár.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~lan|[[Bălan]]}}
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,115
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 9,295
| 950–1000
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Balan July2011.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sla~nic|[[Slănic]]}}
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,034
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,249
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1892&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Slanic scenic view.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Brezoi]]
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,022
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,589
| 320
| 1575&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
|- 
| [[Sebiș]]
| [[Arad Coonty|Arad]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,979
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,829
|
|
| [[File:DonceniAR.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Frasin]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,876
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,532
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Centrul orașului Frasin (4).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ga~taia|[[Gătaia]]}}
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,861
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,103
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Potcoava]]
| [[Olt Coonty|Olt]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,743
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,111
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| [[Miercurea Nirajului]]
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,554
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,824
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO MS Miercurea Nirajului Santandrei wooden church 25.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Broșteni, Suceava|Broșteni]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,506
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,603
| 640
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica de lemn din Broşteni2.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Novaci, Romanie|Novaci]]
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,431
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,151
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~lis~te|[[Săliște]]}}
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,421
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,092
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Gallusdorf.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Copșa Mică]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,404
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,157
| 287
| 1402&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/1961&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Biserica evanghelica din Copsa Mica (18).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~neasa|[[Băneasa, Constanța|Băneasa]]}}
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,384
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,538
| 98
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Baia de Aramă]]
| [[Mehedinți Coonty|Mehedinți]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,349
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,724
| 275
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:RO MH Bulba River 1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ciacova]]
| [[Timiș Coonty|Timiș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,348
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,285
| 84
| 1335&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Ciacova catholic church.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|S~tefa~nes~ti|[[Ștefănești, Botoșani|Ștefănești]]}}
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,314
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,628
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Stefanesti.dinspre sosea 02.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Va~~njumare|[[Vânju Mare]]}}
| [[Mehedinți Coonty|Mehedinți]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,311
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 7,074
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Geoagiu]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,294
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,290
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2000&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Liceu agricol geoagiu.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Rupea]]
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,269
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,246
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1951&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Orasul Rupea vazut din Cetatea Rupea.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~~ngeorgiudepa~dure|[[Sângeorgiu de Pădure]]}}
| [[Mureș Coonty|Mureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,166
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,492
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Erdőszentgyörgy reformed church.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Negru Vodă, Constanța|Negru Vodă]]
| [[Constanța Coonty|Constanța]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,088
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,529
|
|
| [[File:Negru Vodă town centre.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Abrud]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,072
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,803
| 600–777
| 106–275 (as [[Abruttus]]/Alburnus Minor); 1271&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as Abruth/terra Obruth)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Abrud.seara.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Isaccea]]
| [[Tulcea Coonty|Tulcea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,026
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,374
|
|
| [[File:Town hall of Isaccea.jpg|150px]]
|-
| {{sort|Ba~ileherculane|[[Băile Herculane]]}}
| [[Caraș-Severin Coonty|Caraș-Severin]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,008
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,051
| 160
| 153&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; (as [[Ad aquas Herculis sacras|Aquae Herculis]]); 1951&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:B.Herculane mai 2007.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Milișăuți]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,005
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 8,433
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Petru si Pavel din Badeuti.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Cavnic]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,976
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,494
| 650–700
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sfanta Varvara din CavnicMM.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Fierbinți-Târg]]
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,969
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,253
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| {{sort|Sa~lis~teadesus|[[Săliștea de Sus]]}}
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,893
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,196
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1365&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:BisDeLemnNistoresti (44).JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~lces~ti|[[Bălcești]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,864
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,780
| 170
| 2002&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Berbești]]
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,836
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,704
| 340–350
| 2003&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Târgu Gângulesti VL bis lemn.S.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Predeal]]
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,755
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,615
| 1030
| 1935&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Predeal and Mount Postavaru.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ghimbav]]
| [[Brașov Coonty|Brașov]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,698
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,112
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2002&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica evanghelica fortificata din Ghimbav (1).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Azuga]]
| [[Prahova Coonty|Prahova]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,440
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,119
| 895–950
| 1948&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Vedere spre Azuga - panoramio.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|T~icleni|[[Țicleni]]}}
| [[Gorj Coonty|Gorj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,414
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,205
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Țicleni județul Gorj (Ro) (9).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Aninoasa]]
| [[Hunedoara Coonty|Hunedoara]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,360
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 6,108
| 650
| 1989&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Bucecea]]
| [[Botoșani Coonty|Botoșani]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,274
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,128
| 268
| 1434&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt;/2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica Sf. Nicolae din Calinesti-Bucecea.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Sla~nicmoldova|[[Slănic Moldova]]}}
| [[Bacău Coonty|Bacău]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,198
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,375
|
|
| [[File:Cazinoul din Slanic Moldova in HDR.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~ileola~nes~ti|[[Băile Olănești]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,186
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,814
| 430–475
| 1527&lt;sup&gt;''b''&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ghinea2002&quot;/&gt;
| [[File:Olanesti Tower bar.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Miercurea Sibiului]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,910
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,063
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:MiercureaSibiului2011 (2).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Sulina]]
| [[Tulcea Coonty|Tulcea]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,663
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 5,140
|
|
| [[File:Cazaresulinafar.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Bechet]]
| [[Dolj Coonty|Dolj]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,657
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,864
| 15
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Primaria Bechet1.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Fa~urei|[[Făurei]]}}
| [[Brăila Coonty|Brăila]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,592
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,626
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Ocna Sibiului]]
| [[Sibiu Coonty|Sibiu]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,562
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,184
|
|
| [[File:Ocna Sibiului, statiune.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Baia de Arieș]]
| [[Alba Coonty|Alba]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,461
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,877
| 495–1256&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://baiadearies.ro/index.php?rewriteparam=prezentare_locala | title = Baia de Arieș - Local Presentation | accessdate = 30 December 2014 | publisher = Baia de Arieș Town Hall | language = Romanian | archive-date = 2016-06-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160628215239/http://baiadearies.ro/index.php?rewriteparam=prezentare_locala | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| 1998&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:BAIA DE ARIES.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| [[Ocnele Mari]]
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,309
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,591
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1960&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Biserica „Sf. Nicolae” din Slătioarele.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ca~za~nes~ti|[[Căzănești]]}}
| [[Ialomița Coonty|Ialomița]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,271
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,641
| 17
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Dragomirești, Maramureș|Dragomirești]]
| [[Maramureș Coonty|Maramureș]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,213
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,132
| &amp;nbsp;
| 2004&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Berești]]
| [[Galați Coonty|Galați]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,916
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,926
| 140
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
|- 
| [[Borsec]]
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,585
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,109
| 860–880
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:057 wiki 6-os forras.jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~ilegovora|[[Băile Govora]]}}
| {{sort|Va~~lcea|[[Vâlcea Coonty|Vâlcea]]}}
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,449
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,147
| 360–380
| 1927&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Băile Govora – Centru.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Vas~ca~u|[[Vașcău]]}}
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,315
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 3,032
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Orasul vascau.JPG|150px]]
|- 
| [[Solca]]
| [[Suceava Coonty|Suceava]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,188
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 4,687
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1926&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Solca vue generale.jpg|150px]]

|- 
| [[Nucet]]
| [[Bihor Coonty|Bihor]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,165
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 2,851
| &amp;nbsp;
| 1956&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Zengőkő - Piatra Graitoare - panoramio (23).jpg|150px]]
|- 
| {{sort|Ba~iletus~nad|[[Băile Tușnad]]}}
| [[Harghita Coonty|Harghita]]
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,641
| align=&quot;right&quot; | 1,802
| 650
| 1968&lt;sup&gt;''a''&lt;/sup&gt;
| [[File:Tusnadfurdo Csukas to felulnezet.jpg|150px]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Romanie|*]]
[[Category:Kintra subdiveesions in Europe|Romanie 2]]
[[Category:Leets o ceeties bi kintra|Romanie]]
[[Category:Leets o ceeties bi population|Romanie]]
[[Category:Romanie geografie-relatit leets|Ceeties]]</text>
      <sha1>9f556pbbwduxu42bqgisum5jxmshje8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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    <title>Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4</title>
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        <username>MABot</username>
        <id>35091</id>
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      <minor />
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== {{en}} Survey about Wikipedia Editathons ==

Hey folks, we've put together a survey about the Editathons, to try and help us develop them.  Would be great to get the opinions of folks here (if you've taken part in an editathon or not) - should only take about 5 minutes.  Survey will be open until the 7th October. [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9KLbPrEmGYzajVs Take the survey here.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:18, 24 August 2021 (UTC)
== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21980442 --&gt;
== Results for the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021 Election Results/Short|Read in other languages]]''
----
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|100px|center]]

Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support:

# Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight
# Victoria Doronina
# Dariusz Jemielniak
# Lorenzo Losa

While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|the full announcement here]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt; [[Uiser:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Xeno (WMF)|tauk]]) 02:04, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:03, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Uiser:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Uiser collogue:Dušan Kreheľ|tauk]]) 02:08, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
== Am Buidheann Dubh ==

[[Am Buidheann Dubh]] is an interesting nationalist group in Scotland, but I noticed that it does not have an article on the Scots Wikipedia. On the English Wikipedia, the article is [[:en:Am Buidheann Dubh]]. I can't write in Scots. [[Uiser:Eastmain|Eastmain]] ([[Uiser collogue:Eastmain|tauk]]) 19:30, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
== Let's talk about the Desktop Improvements ==

[[File:Annotated Wikipedia Vector interface (logged-out).png|thumb]]
Hello!

Have you noticed that some wikis have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|different desktop interface]]? Are you curious about the next steps? Maybe you have questions or ideas regarding the design or technical matters?

Join an online meeting with the team working on the Desktop Improvements! It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211012T1600 October 12th, 16:00 UTC] on Zoom. It will last an hour. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82936701376 Click here to join]'''.

'''Agenda'''
* Update on the recent developments
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|Sticky header]] - presentation of the demo version
* Questions and answers, discussion

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes will be taken in a [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# Google Docs file]. The presentation part (first two points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page]] or send them to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[user:OVasileva (WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (the team manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 829 3670 1376
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kB5WUc7yZ Dial by your location]
We hope to see you! [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 15:09, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]]
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]]

Hello!

We, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will begin on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211027T1430 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-10-27}} ({{#time:l|2021-10-27}}) at {{#time:H:i e|14:30|en|1}}'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* Become a Community Wishlist Survey Ambassador. Help us spread the word about the CWS in your community.
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (all points in the agenda except for the questions and answers) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, Spanish, German, and Italian. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83847343544 Join online]
* Meeting ID: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;83847343544&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kwDbq4box Dial by your location]
We hope to see you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:00, 22 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

15:53, 5 November 2021 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech: The future of the Community Wishlist Survey ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|100px|right]]
Hello!

We, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20211130T1700 '''{{#time:j xg|2021-11-30}} ({{#time:l|2021-11-30}}), {{#time:H:i e|17:00|en|1}}'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* Changes to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. Help us decide.
* Become a Community Wishlist Survey Ambassador. Help us spread the word about the CWS in your community.
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (all points in the agenda except for the questions and answers) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, Spanish, German, and Italian. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82035401393 Join online]
* Meeting ID: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;82035401393&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Dial by your location]
We hope to see you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 26 November 2021 (UTC)
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== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 28th''' of February.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2022 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 13:15, 9 Januar 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2022 ==

[[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|right|200px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]''' is now open!'''

This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''23 January''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
''
The communities will vote on the proposals between 28 January and 11 February.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 18:10, 10 Januar 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 Januar 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Celtic Knot Wikimedia Language Conference ==

(en)

Hi folks, those of you on The Scots Leid Discord server might have seen my message about filling in a survey to help plan the Celtic Knot Wikimedia Language Conference. The conference is intended to help Wikimedia communities come together and share their experiences and help each other along. This year's conference will be online again, and we want to focus on workshops to help improve people's skills. As part of that, we're seeking feedback on what would be useful. We'd very much like to hear from the Scots Wiki community.

We set up a short survey, running until January 17, it takes around 10min to fill in. Feel free to answer and to share it to other people who may be interested! The survey is available in [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/apps/forms/yrnHWyBZCY4TWjag English], [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/apps/forms/5CBe3EoyeM3Trg8A French], [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/apps/forms/8D9am2LXzQLX8NtB Spanish], and [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/apps/forms/Zo2JjbSpWTf8nZn2 Arabic].

If you encounter any issues with the survey, or if you are interested in contributing actively to the program or organization of the conference, feel free to ping me Richard Nevell or email me at richard.nevell{{@}}wikimedia.org.uk

Thanks, [[Uiser:Richard Nevell|Richard Nevell]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell|tauk]]) 17:25, 11 Januar 2022 (UTC)
== The Big Scots Rewrite Januar 2022 Writin Drive ==

Awricht,

We'r haudin a [[Wikipedia:Januar 2022 Writin Drive|Writin Drive]] throu the week fae the 17t Januar tae the 23rd, whaur fowk kin pit thegither new airticles, an/or chynge an sort oot airticles awready on 'is Wiki in thair ain time oothrou the week. Massel an [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]] as weel as ither fowk in the Scots leid space ur here tae gie a haun tae ony editor thit is needin it throu the event.

It disnae maiter whit yer level in Scots is, we'r here tae gie yese a haun. We'll hiv tasks fur fowk thit dinnae tawk Scots at aw, an aw.

The theme fur 'is event is Leids. [[wmfdashboard:courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_January_2022_Writing_Drive|Yese kin sign up fur it here (trystwird is qrcuwpkh)]]

Howp tae see yese thare!

Cheers, [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 17:36, 12 Januar 2022 (UTC)
== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:04, 15 Januar 2022 (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Community Wishlist Survey Lamp.svg|150px|right]]
{{int:Hello}}

We, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220119T1800 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-19}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-19}}), {{#time:H:i e|18:00|en|1}}'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. This external system is not subject to the [[foundation:Privacy_policy|WMF Privacy Policy]]. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* Bring drafts of your proposals and talk to to a member of the Community Tech Team about your questions on how to improve the proposal

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (all points in the agenda except for the questions and answers) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, Spanish, and German. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/85804347114 Join online]
* Meeting ID: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;85804347114&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/keu6UeRT0T Dial by your location]
We hope to see you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:21, 18 Januar 2022 (UTC)
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== IMPORTANT: Admin activity review ==

Hello. A policy regarding the removal of &quot;advanced rights&quot; (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing &quot;advanced rights&quot; from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]].

We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years):

# Fox (administrator)

These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards.

However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, [[Uiser:Stanglavine|Stanglavine]] ([[Uiser collogue:Stanglavine|tauk]]) 01:27, 19 Januar 2022 (UTC)
== (en) Zoom editing session &amp; guest speaker - Thursday 20th January ==

Hey folks!  Just a wee reminder that the January Writing Drive is on this week, and we have a zoom editing session this evening 7-9, with guest speaker Dr Michael Dempster from the Scots Language Centre - [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/245743775247 sign up on Eventbrite here].  Hope to see you there!  [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 10:59, 20 Januar 2022 (UTC)
== Desktop Improvements update and Office Hours invitation ==

Hello. I wanted to give you an update about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project, which the Wikimedia Foundation Web team has been working on for the past few years.

The goals of the project are to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. The project consists of a series of feature improvements which make it easier to read and learn, navigate within the page, search, switch between languages, use article tabs and the user menu, and more.

The improvements are already visible by default for readers and editors on 24 wikis, including Wikipedias in [[:fr:|French]], [[:pt:|Portuguese]], and [[:fa:|Persian]]. 

The changes apply to the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=vector}} Vector] skin only. [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=monobook}} Monobook] or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=timeless}} Timeless] users are not affected.

=== Features deployed since our last update ===
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/User_menu|User menu]] - focused on making the navigation more intuitive by visually highlighting the structure of user links and their purpose.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|Sticky header]] - focused on allowing access to important functionality (logging in/out, history, talk pages, etc.) without requiring people to scroll to the top of the page.

For a full list of the features the project includes, please visit our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|project page]]. We also invite you to our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates|Updates page]].

[[File:Table_of_contents_shown_on_English_Wikipedia_02.webm|thumb|600px|center|The features deployed already and the table of contents that's currently under development]]
&lt;br clear=all&gt;

=== How to enable the improvements ===
[[File:Desktop Improvements - how to enable globally.png|thumb|[[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|{{int:globalpreferences}}]]]]
* It is possible to opt-in individually [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|in the appearance tab within the preferences]] by unchecking the &quot;{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}&quot; box. (It has to be empty.) Also, it is possible to opt-in on all wikis using the [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global preferences]].
* If you think this would be good as a default for all readers and editors of this wiki, feel free to start a conversation with the community and contact me.
* On wikis where the changes are visible by default for all, logged-in users can always opt-out to the Legacy Vector. There is an easily accessible link in the sidebar of the new Vector.

=== Learn more and join our events ===
If you would like to follow the progress of our project, you can [[mw:Special:Newsletter/28/subscribe|subscribe to our newsletter]].

You can read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|pages of the project]], check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions|our FAQ]], write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|project talk page]], and join an online meeting with us ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220127T1500 '''{{#time:j xg|2022-01-27}} ({{#time:l|2022-01-27}}), {{#time:H:i e|15:00|en|1}}''']).

How to join our online meeting

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89205402895 Join online]
* Meeting ID: &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;89205402895&lt;/span&gt;
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kdPQ6k2Bcm Dial by your location]

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}!

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Web team, [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 22:11, 24 Januar 2022 (UTC)
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 Januar 2022 (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:55, 4 Februar 2022 (UTC)
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== Global ban for Niveles and socks ==

Hello. I've started a &quot;Request for Comment&quot; (RfC) on Meta for globally banning Niveles and his socks. As at least one of the accounts has edited on this project, I had to notify you. The discussion will be held at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Niveles and socks]]. Thank you. [[Uiser:Styyx|Styyx]] ([[Uiser collogue:Styyx|tauk]]) 19:22, 7 Februar 2022 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 Februar 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 04:50, 22 Februar 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 Februar 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:31, 10 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 14:40, 14 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 14:29, 26 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 Mairch 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 Apryle 2022 (UTC)
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== Let's talk about the Desktop Improvements ==

[[File:New table of contents shown on English wikipedia.png|thumb]]
Hello!

Have you noticed that some wikis have a different desktop interface? Are you curious about the next steps? Maybe you have questions or ideas regarding the design or technical matters?

Join an online meeting with the team working on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]! It will take place on '''29 April 2022 at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1300 13:00 UTC] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220429T1800 18:00 UTC]''' on Zoom. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88045453898 '''Click here to join''']. Meeting ID: 88045453898. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kcOMICmyyA Dial by your location].

'''Agenda'''

* Update on the recent developments
* Questions and answers, discussion

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes will be taken in a [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# Google Docs file]. [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (the Product Manager) will be hosting this meeting. The presentation part will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Italian, and Polish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|talk page]] or send them to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

At this meeting, both [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|Friendly space policy]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|Code of Conduct]] for Wikimedia technical spaces apply. Zoom is not subject to the [[foundation:Privacy_policy|WMF Privacy Policy]].

We hope to see you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 26 Apryle 2022 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 Apryle 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Apryle 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Mey 2022 (UTC)
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== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
10:39, 10 Mey 2022 (UTC)
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== Mey 2022 Writin Drive ==

(en) hey folks, a wee reminder that this week it's the [[Wikipedia:Mey 2022 Writin Drive]] - focussing on Hings inventit in Scotland an Ireland.  More info on the [[Wikipedia:Mey 2022 Writin Drive|on-wiki event page]], and you can sign up to the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_May_2022_Writing_Drive_(9th_-_15th_May_2022)?enroll=ljozgiev here].  [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 12:42, 10 Mey 2022 (UTC)
== Let's talk about the Desktop Improvements ==

[[File:WP20Symbols MediaWiki light background.svg|200px|right]]
Hello!

Have you noticed that some wikis have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|different desktop interface]]? Are you curious about the next steps? Maybe you have questions or ideas regarding the design or technical matters?

Join an online meeting with the team working on the Desktop Improvements! It will take place on '''17 May 2022 at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220517T1200 12:00 UTC] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20220517T1900 19:00 UTC]''' on Zoom. '''[https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/86217494304 Click here to join]'''. Meeting ID: 86217494304. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/k7CirSh8W Dial by your location].

'''Agenda'''

* Update on the recent developments
* Questions and answers, discussion

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes will be taken in a [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G4tfss-JBVxyZMxGlOj5MCBhOO-0sLekquFoa2XiQb8/edit# Google Docs file]. [[mw:User:OVasileva_(WMF)|Olga Vasileva]] (the Product Manager) will be hosting this meeting. The presentation part will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, Italian, Polish; also, only at the first meeting: Farsi, Vietnamese; only at the second meeting: Portuguese, Spanish, Russian. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|talk page]] or send them to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

At this meeting, both [[foundation:Friendly_space_policy|Friendly space policy]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Code_of_Conduct|Code of Conduct]] for Wikimedia technical spaces apply. Zoom is not subject to the [[foundation:Privacy_policy|WMF Privacy Policy]].

We hope to see you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 05:02, 14 Mey 2022 (UTC)
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== (en) Minority Language Meetup today ==

Hey folks, just a wee reminder that Wikimedia UK are hosting a minority languages meetup today (also called Celtic Knot Connect) - we'll be talking about creating stub articles using Wikidata, and community building.  It'll be held on Zoom from 18:30-20:30, if you'd like to attend then please drop me a line - sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:37, 25 Mey 2022 (UTC)
== Celtic Knot 2022 update and scholarships ==

Celtic Knot Conference update: the call for program contributions is now open! If you’re involved in activities related to minority languages and Wikimedia projects, you can send your contribution to the “News from the Language Communities” '''lightning talks''' until May 31.

We also have updates on the format of the conference and '''scholarships''' for participation in the online conference and for organizing an onsite satellite event. 

Check the full announcement on the event’s talk page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2022#Celtic_Knot_Conference%3A_program_contributions_and_onsite_events

If you have any questions, feel free to contact the organizers: Daria Cybulska, Richard Nevell or Léa Lacroix. Looking forward to seeing you involved at the Celtic Knot! [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:47, 6 Mey 2022 (UTC)

===Lightning talks===
Hi folks, the upcoming deadline for lighting talks is ''31 May'''. We're after 5-minute pre-recorded videos with news from the project, or what you've been up to. We'll be showcasing the videos on the first day of the conference. You can record the video yourself and send it to the organisers, or I'd be happy to have a Zoom call and record it for you. Feel free to get in touch via richard.nevell{{@}}wikimedia.org.uk. [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:56, 27 Mey 2022 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 22:56, 3 Juin 2022 (UTC)
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== (en) Celtic Knot conference lightning talk ==

Hey hey - I'm putting together a short update on Scots wiki for the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Knot_Conference_2022 2022 Celtic Knot Conference.]  I'll be doing a short video, and wondered if there was anything that folks thought I should mention?  It's a 5 minute video, and I plan to talk about the Writing Drives that we've been doing as part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]] - but are there other things that you feel are important to communicate to the minority language wiki community?  Be great to hear from people :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:13, 8 Juin 2022 (UTC)

== Desktop Improvements update ==

[[File:Table of contents shown on English Wikipedia 02.webm|thumb]]
; Making this the new default
Hello. I wanted to give you an update about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project, which the Wikimedia Foundation Web team has been working on for the past few years. Our work is almost finished! 🎉

We would love to see these improvements become the default for readers and editors across all wikis. &lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#fc3;&quot;&gt;In the coming weeks, we will begin conversations on more wikis, including yours. 🗓️&lt;/span&gt; We will gladly read your suggestions!

The goals of the project are to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. The project consists of a series of feature improvements which make it easier to read and learn, navigate within the page, search, switch between languages, use article tabs and the user menu, and more. The improvements are already visible by default for readers and editors on more than 30 wikis, including Wikipedias in [[:fr:|French]], [[:pt:|Portuguese]], and [[:fa:|Persian]].

The changes apply to the [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=vector}} Vector] skin only, although it will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=monobook}} Monobook] or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|useskin=timeless}} Timeless] users will not notice any changes.

; The newest features
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Table of contents|Table of contents]] - our version is easier to reach, gain context of the page, and navigate throughout the page without needing to scroll. It is currently tested across our pilot wikis.  It is also available for editors who have opted into the Vector 2022 skin.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page tools|Page tools]] - now, there are two types of links in the sidebar. There are actions and tools for individual pages (like [[Special:RecentChangesLinked|Related changes]]) and links of the wiki-wide nature (like [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent changes]]). We are going to separate these into two intuitive menus.
; How to enable/disable the improvements
[[File:Desktop Improvements - how to enable globally.png|thumb|[[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|{{int:globalpreferences}}]]]]
* It is possible to opt-in individually [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|in the appearance tab within the preferences]] by selecting &quot;{{int:skinname-vector-2022}}&quot;. Also, it is possible to opt-in on all wikis using the [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global preferences]].
* On wikis where the changes are visible by default for all, logged-in users can always opt-out to the Legacy Vector. There is an easily accessible link in the sidebar of the new Vector.

; Learn more and join our events

If you would like to follow the progress of our project, you can [[mw:Special:Newsletter/28/subscribe|subscribe to our newsletter]]. You can read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|pages of the project]], check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Frequently_asked_questions|our FAQ]], write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements|project talk page]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|join an online meeting with us]].

Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 16:59, 21 Juin 2022 (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 16:13, 4 Julie 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Scots Wikipedia Writin Drive - Julie 2022 ==

We'r hostin a new Writin Drive Event (Umwhile Editathons) fae the 18t Julie tae the 24t.

The themes fur this event ur '''Scots Leid Relatit Hings''' an '''Notable Biggins in Scotland an Ireland'''.

Aw levels ur walcome. We will hiv tasks for fowk less confident.

[[Wikipedia:Julie 2022 Writin Drive|Aw the details will be pit on the event page.]]

We'll hiv Eventbrite events on the Tuesday an Thursday o that week an aw fur collaborative eeditin.

Sign yersels uptae the [[wmfdashboard:courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_July_2022_Writing_Drive_(18_July_2022_-_24_July_2022)?enroll=fsjhugce|Dashboard]] an aw so we kin tak tent o nummber an stateestics durin the event. The trystwird is ''fsjhugce''.

Howp tae see awyese at the event!

---

{{gd}} Tha sinn ag òstaireachd tachartas Writing Drive (Roimhe na Editathons) air an 18mh a 24mh an t-Iuchair.

B' e '''Rudan mu dheidhinn Albais''' agus '''Togalaichean iomraitiche ann an Alba agus Innis Tìle''' a tha ann na cuspairean.

[[Wikipedia:Julie 2022 Writin Drive|Bidh na mion-phuing air fad air an dileag tachart an-seo.]]

Bidh tachartasan an Eventbrite ann cuideachd. Anns an Dimàirt agus an Diardaoin.

Clàraich aig an [[wmfdashboard:courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_July_2022_Writing_Drive_(18_July_2022_-_24_July_2022)?enroll=fsjhugce|Dashboard]] cudeachd. 'S e ''fsjhugce'' a tha ann an facal-faire.

Tha sinn an dòchas gu bheil sibh eile an-sin!

---

{{en}} We're hosting a new Writing Drive Event (Formerly Editathons) from the 18th July to the 24th.

The themes for this event are '''Scots Language Related Articles''' an '''Notable Building in Scotland and Ireland'''.

All levels are welcome. We will have tasks for people who are less confident.

[[Wikipedia:Julie 2022 Writin Drive|Aw the details will be pit on the event page.]]

We will also have Eventbrite events on the Tuesday and Thursday.

Sign up to the [[wmfdashboard:courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_July_2022_Writing_Drive_(18_July_2022_-_24_July_2022)?enroll=fsjhugce|Dashboard]] as well so we can keep track of numbers and statistics during the event. The password is ''fsjhugce''.

Hope to see you all there!

- [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 15:46, 7 Julie 2022 (UTC)
== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 11:34, 14 Julie 2022 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:37, 18 Julie 2022 (UTC)
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== Scots Warks - Showcase &amp; In Conversation livestream 3rt &amp; 4rt Septemmer 2021 ==

Ay ay aw!

Director o [http://www.scotslanguage.com The Scots Language Centre] here tae tell ye aboot the completion o wir project on Adult Scots Literacy.  Some o yees cam alang tae oor sessions at the Editathons ower the past year an we were aw affae gled tae meet yees.

The nicht, Friday 3rt Septemmer, we premiere wir creative stream o the Scots Warks project '''Scots Warks : Showcase''' on oor [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIs7XZJ8uCk youtube channel] at 7pm Scotland time.  It'd be braw if ye kin mak it alang, an onie mentions on social media uise the hashtag #ScotsWarks.  The 4hr Showcase is the response o a wheen o airtists tae the theme &quot;Writin in Scots&quot;.  A'm that taen aback at hou fowk hae wrate sic inspeerin warks, an A howp ye enjoy them.  Efter the premiere the video'll stey up on the channel.  Sae ye kin stull catch it if ye'r no able tae jyne in on the nicht.

We'll see new warks fae Susi Briggs, Michael Dempster, Iona Fyfe, Emma Grae, Sara Thomas, Gerda Stevenson, Martin Travers, Antonia Uri, Christie Williamson &amp; Morna Young.

Efter this we'll launch the wabsteid [http://www.ScotsLanguage.com/Scots-Warks www.ScotsLanguage.com/Scots-Warks] whaur we hae aw the individual warks available in video, an in their written forms.  On tap o that we're gled tae mak available, in English fir lairners, an in a Scots owersettin fae Dr Dauvit Horsbroch, oor 60 page buik o guidance fir thaim thit's new tae scrievin in Scots.  This is taen fae spikkin wi yersels, an ither fowk stertin oot writin Scots, an fae the experiences o aw thaim thit taen parit in the project.  We howp this'll be a braw resoorce fir aw here an hereaboots fir years tae come.  Please share it aboot.

An finally, tae shut the project, on Setturday 4rt Septemmer we hae '''Scots Warks : In Conversation''' on oor [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfOXeK6tnW4 YouTube channel] at 7pm Scotland time.  Whaur we talk tae Dr Sally Garden, L. Colin Wilson, Pauline Cairns Speitel, Michael Hance, Andy Eagle, Susan Rennie, Dr Tom Hubbard and Christy Scott aw aboot Scots an Scots literacy.  There a wealth o knawledge an experience ahin thae conversations we howp tae spreid.

Tae aw yous thit we'v met ower the past year, It haes been braw!  An gaun forret the Scots Language Centre wull aye be there tae support the editin community an we'll stey in touch.

An fae aw at the centre a muckle congratulation tae Wikimedian o the Year - Marco Cafolla!

As aye - the day is juist the stert!

Dr D

P.S.  Here twa airticles anent the project - wire in!

https://www-tmp.thenational.scot/news/19552577.scots-language-centre-offer-new-guide-writing-leid/

https://www.scotsradio.com/scots-language-centre-launches-scots-warks-3rd-september-7pm-a-new-resource-to-promote-adult-literary-in-scots/</text>
      <sha1>myytevzcoi6uk805jkfayzgzo9pkly3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:September 2022 Writin Drive</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>229710</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869924</id>
      <parentid>869895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T16:11:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>dashboard</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2493" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia Julie 2022 Writin Drive
|'''Whare an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab - Monanday 5t September 2022 12am - Sunday 11t September 2022 - 11:59pm (drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!)
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Discord here], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]. Sign into the Dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept) here to let us know that you're taking part.]  Password is qcglybhk.}}

== Anent Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles an tae help oot the site's admins bi teachin thaim mair Scots, an sort oot the Wiki as a hale.

This time, we're giein &quot;writin drives&quot; a bash, whaur we'll hiv a week whaur we kin mak time tae scrieve fur the wiki ony time oothrou. Yese kin dae as little or as much as ye'd like.

We hiv group zoom sessions planned on certain days an aw.

'''{{en}}''' We're an online group that has formed to fix all of the bad Scots Wikipedia articles, help out the site's admins by teaching them proper Scots, and generally improve the quality of the Wiki.

This time, we're trying &quot;writing drives&quot;, where we'll have a week where we can make time to write for the wiki any time throughout. You can write as little or as much as you'd like.

'''Please sign into the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept)?enroll=qcglybhk here to let us know that you're taking part.]'''

=== Theme ===
{{en}} September is Wiki Loves Monuments, so let's focus on listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!  We can also add images to articles - either ones that exist already on Wikimedia Commons, or maybe you'd like to take your own?

== Tasks ==
=== Airticles ===
==== Airticle tae pit thegither ====
{{en}} [https://w.wiki/5c3r Here's a Wikidata query that shows all the listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland which don't yet have an article on Scots wiki.]

==== Airticles tae sort oot ====
TODO

=== {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots ===
TODO

=== AWB Tasks ===
TODO


{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>5awu55r796qtd9dr042pen7nlkl6017</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869925</id>
      <parentid>869924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T16:13:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots */ wiki loves monuments info</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2750" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia Julie 2022 Writin Drive
|'''Whare an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab - Monanday 5t September 2022 12am - Sunday 11t September 2022 - 11:59pm (drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!)
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Discord here], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]. Sign into the Dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept) here to let us know that you're taking part.]  Password is qcglybhk.}}

== Anent Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles an tae help oot the site's admins bi teachin thaim mair Scots, an sort oot the Wiki as a hale.

This time, we're giein &quot;writin drives&quot; a bash, whaur we'll hiv a week whaur we kin mak time tae scrieve fur the wiki ony time oothrou. Yese kin dae as little or as much as ye'd like.

We hiv group zoom sessions planned on certain days an aw.

'''{{en}}''' We're an online group that has formed to fix all of the bad Scots Wikipedia articles, help out the site's admins by teaching them proper Scots, and generally improve the quality of the Wiki.

This time, we're trying &quot;writing drives&quot;, where we'll have a week where we can make time to write for the wiki any time throughout. You can write as little or as much as you'd like.

'''Please sign into the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept)?enroll=qcglybhk here to let us know that you're taking part.]'''

=== Theme ===
{{en}} September is Wiki Loves Monuments, so let's focus on listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!  We can also add images to articles - either ones that exist already on Wikimedia Commons, or maybe you'd like to take your own?

== Tasks ==
=== Airticles ===
==== Airticle tae pit thegither ====
{{en}} [https://w.wiki/5c3r Here's a Wikidata query that shows all the listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland which don't yet have an article on Scots wiki.]

==== Airticles tae sort oot ====
TODO

=== {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots ===
* Add images to articles about listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!
* These can be your own images (uploaded to the Wiki Loves Monuments competition), others that have been uploaded to Wiki Loves Monuments, or from elsewhere on Wikimedia Commons.

=== AWB Tasks ===
TODO


{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>hj5zhsrjggwzt30ur95v9dbnayua2bh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869926</id>
      <parentid>869925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T16:16:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>eventbrite link</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3008" xml:space="preserve"> {{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia Julie 2022 Writin Drive
|'''Whare an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab - Monanday 5t September 2022 12am - Sunday 11t September 2022 - 11:59pm (drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!)
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Discord here], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]. Sign into the Dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept) here to let us know that you're taking part.]  Password is qcglybhk.}}

== Anent Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles an tae help oot the site's admins bi teachin thaim mair Scots, an sort oot the Wiki as a hale.

This time, we're giein &quot;writin drives&quot; a bash, whaur we'll hiv a week whaur we kin mak time tae scrieve fur the wiki ony time oothrou. Yese kin dae as little or as much as ye'd like.

We hiv group zoom sessions planned on certain days an aw.

'''{{en}}''' We're an online group that has formed to fix all of the bad Scots Wikipedia articles, help out the site's admins by teaching them proper Scots, and generally improve the quality of the Wiki.

This time, we're trying &quot;writing drives&quot;, where we'll have a week where we can make time to write for the wiki any time throughout. You can write as little or as much as you'd like.

There's a zoom session planned for '''Thursday 8th September, 6pm-8pm Scottish time.'''  You can register for a ticket [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-writing-drive-september-2022-thursday-8th-september-tickets-407523442587 on Eventbrite here.]

'''Please sign into the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept)?enroll=qcglybhk here to let us know that you're taking part.]'''

=== Theme ===
{{en}} September is Wiki Loves Monuments, so let's focus on listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!  We can also add images to articles - either ones that exist already on Wikimedia Commons, or maybe you'd like to take your own?

== Tasks ==
=== Airticles ===
==== Airticle tae pit thegither ====
{{en}} [https://w.wiki/5c3r Here's a Wikidata query that shows all the listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland which don't yet have an article on Scots wiki.]

==== Airticles tae sort oot ====
TODO

=== {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots ===
* Add images to articles about listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!
* These can be your own images (uploaded to the Wiki Loves Monuments competition), others that have been uploaded to Wiki Loves Monuments, or from elsewhere on Wikimedia Commons.

=== AWB Tasks ===
TODO


{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>7uhz8ppaqv03vzc908itpdj0zwfc8cu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869927</id>
      <parentid>869926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T16:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Anent Us */ zoom</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3028" xml:space="preserve"> {{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia Julie 2022 Writin Drive
|'''Whare an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab - Monanday 5t September 2022 12am - Sunday 11t September 2022 - 11:59pm (drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!)
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Discord here], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]. Sign into the Dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept) here to let us know that you're taking part.]  Password is qcglybhk.}}

== Anent Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles an tae help oot the site's admins bi teachin thaim mair Scots, an sort oot the Wiki as a hale.

This time, we're giein &quot;writin drives&quot; a bash, whaur we'll hiv a week whaur we kin mak time tae scrieve fur the wiki ony time oothrou. Yese kin dae as little or as much as ye'd like.

We hiv group zoom sessions planned on certain days an aw.

'''{{en}}''' We're an online group that has formed to fix all of the bad Scots Wikipedia articles, help out the site's admins by teaching them proper Scots, and generally improve the quality of the Wiki.

This time, we're trying &quot;writing drives&quot;, where we'll have a week where we can make time to write for the wiki any time throughout. You can write as little or as much as you'd like.

'''Please sign into the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept)?enroll=qcglybhk here to let us know that you're taking part.]'''

==Zoom session ==

There's a zoom session planned for '''Thursday 8th September, 6pm-8pm Scottish time.'''  You can register for a ticket [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-writing-drive-september-2022-thursday-8th-september-tickets-407523442587 on Eventbrite here.]


=== Theme ===
{{en}} September is Wiki Loves Monuments, so let's focus on listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!  We can also add images to articles - either ones that exist already on Wikimedia Commons, or maybe you'd like to take your own?

== Tasks ==
=== Airticles ===
==== Airticle tae pit thegither ====
{{en}} [https://w.wiki/5c3r Here's a Wikidata query that shows all the listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland which don't yet have an article on Scots wiki.]

==== Airticles tae sort oot ====
TODO

=== {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots ===
* Add images to articles about listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!
* These can be your own images (uploaded to the Wiki Loves Monuments competition), others that have been uploaded to Wiki Loves Monuments, or from elsewhere on Wikimedia Commons.

=== AWB Tasks ===
TODO


{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>h0k9pik7s34pcs5tz836396gg1syfko</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>869928</id>
      <parentid>869927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-24T16:16:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lirazelf</username>
        <id>27464</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Theme */ title</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3026" xml:space="preserve"> {{TOC right}}
{{nutshell|title=Scots Wikipedia Julie 2022 Writin Drive
|'''Whare an Whan?:''' Yer hoose / Onwab - Monanday 5t September 2022 12am - Sunday 11t September 2022 - 11:59pm (drap in, See gin ye cannae mak hit fur the stairt, dinnae get yersel wirkit up!)
|'''Fowk tae contact:''' [mailto:scotland@wikimedia.org.uk scotland@wikimedia.org.uk]  
|'''Cost:''' Free 
|'''Hou dae a sign up?:''' [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Discord here], [https://matrix.to/#/#scots-wikipedia-edtiors:glasgow.social Matrix here]. Sign into the Dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept) here to let us know that you're taking part.]  Password is qcglybhk.}}

== Anent Us ==
We'r an onwab group thit hiv got thegither tae sort oot aw the bad Scots Wikipedia airticles an tae help oot the site's admins bi teachin thaim mair Scots, an sort oot the Wiki as a hale.

This time, we're giein &quot;writin drives&quot; a bash, whaur we'll hiv a week whaur we kin mak time tae scrieve fur the wiki ony time oothrou. Yese kin dae as little or as much as ye'd like.

We hiv group zoom sessions planned on certain days an aw.

'''{{en}}''' We're an online group that has formed to fix all of the bad Scots Wikipedia articles, help out the site's admins by teaching them proper Scots, and generally improve the quality of the Wiki.

This time, we're trying &quot;writing drives&quot;, where we'll have a week where we can make time to write for the wiki any time throughout. You can write as little or as much as you'd like.

'''Please sign into the dashboard [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/WMUK_and_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_September_2022_Writing_Drive_(Monday_5th_Sept_-_Sunday_11th_Sept)?enroll=qcglybhk here to let us know that you're taking part.]'''

==Zoom session ==

There's a zoom session planned for '''Thursday 8th September, 6pm-8pm Scottish time.'''  You can register for a ticket [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-writing-drive-september-2022-thursday-8th-september-tickets-407523442587 on Eventbrite here.]


== Theme ==
{{en}} September is Wiki Loves Monuments, so let's focus on listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!  We can also add images to articles - either ones that exist already on Wikimedia Commons, or maybe you'd like to take your own?

== Tasks ==
=== Airticles ===
==== Airticle tae pit thegither ====
{{en}} [https://w.wiki/5c3r Here's a Wikidata query that shows all the listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland which don't yet have an article on Scots wiki.]

==== Airticles tae sort oot ====
TODO

=== {{en}} Tasks for people not confident in their Scots ===
* Add images to articles about listed buildings &amp; scheduled monuments in Scotland!
* These can be your own images (uploaded to the Wiki Loves Monuments competition), others that have been uploaded to Wiki Loves Monuments, or from elsewhere on Wikimedia Commons.

=== AWB Tasks ===
TODO


{{The Big Wiki Rewrite navbox}}</text>
      <sha1>lzjxbod0lj7ycw8fyj4r9lfq3ftjpc0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>229810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869942</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-25T04:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YoungstownToast</username>
        <id>54768</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit page wi &quot;==August 2022== [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:YoungstownToast|YoungstownToast]]. I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884|your recent contributions]] was undone because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to [[:en:English language|English]]. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]]. --~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="543" xml:space="preserve">==August 2022==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:YoungstownToast|YoungstownToast]]. I wanted to let you know that one or more of [[Special:Contributions/2001:56B:3FE2:C258:3019:9CBB:559B:4884|your recent contributions]] was undone because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to [[:en:English language|English]]. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]]. --[[Uiser:YoungstownToast|YoungstownToast]] ([[Uiser collogue:YoungstownToast|tauk]]) 04:38, 25 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>j5wdeym3nkhny2iiqhojagtgjm896uu</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:170.52.113.157</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>229811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>869943</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-25T04:43:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>YoungstownToast</username>
        <id>54768</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cræftit page wi &quot;==August 2022== Hello, I wanted to let you know that I have requested the speedy deletion of one of your articles, [[New York City FC]], because it is nonsensical. In addition, I see that you wrote in English. This is the [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]]. Thanks. --~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="422" xml:space="preserve">==August 2022==
Hello, I wanted to let you know that I have requested the speedy deletion of one of your articles, [[New York City FC]], because it is nonsensical. In addition, I see that you wrote in English. This is the [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]]. Thanks. --[[Uiser:YoungstownToast|YoungstownToast]] ([[Uiser collogue:YoungstownToast|tauk]]) 04:43, 25 August 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>5tmdbc8ujza5alt0a10xni64nlfb9dz</sha1>
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