Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Jeju Province 0 32356 916827 894649 2026-05-15T11:38:25Z Dhddhdhdhhdh 131310 /* */ 916827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{raise|0.2em|Jeju Province}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|제주도}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Special Admeenistrative Province]] | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type = Hangul | translit_lang1_info = {{linktext|제|주|특|별|자|치|도}} | translit_lang1_type1 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|濟|州|特|別|自|治|道}}}} | translit_lang1_type2 = McCune‑Reischauer | translit_lang1_info2 = Cheju T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'ido | translit_lang1_type3 = Revised&nbsp;Romanization | translit_lang1_info3 = Jeju Teukbyeoljachi-do | image_flag = | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Jeju.svg | image_map = Jeju Province in South Korea.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Jeju | seat_type = [[Leet o caipitals in Sooth Korea|Caipital]] | seat = [[Jeju Ceety]] | parts_type = Subdiveesions | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = 2 ceeties; 0 coonties | leader_title = Govrenor | leader_name = [[Won Hee-ryong|Won Hui-ryong]] ([[Bareun Party|Bareun]]) | area_total_km2 = 1,849 | area_rank = 9t | population_footnotes = | population_total = 604,771 | population_as_of = October, 2014 | population_rank = 9t | population_density_km2 = 327.1 | demographics_type1 = Metropolitan Seembols | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Flouer | demographics1_info1 = [[Rhododendron]] | demographics1_title2 = Tree | demographics1_info2 = [[Cinnamomum camphora]] | demographics1_title3 = Bird | demographics1_info3 = [[Widpecker]] | demographics1_title4 = Jeju | demographics1_info4 = | demographics1_title5 = | demographics1_info5 = | blank_name_sec1 = Dialect | blank_info_sec1 = [[Jeju dialect|Jeju]] | website = [http://english.jeju.go.kr/ Offeecial Wabsteid] | footnotes = | postal_code = 690-000~699-999 | area_code = +82-64-7xx }} {{Infobox islands | name = Jejudo | image name =Jeju_Island.jpg | image caption = Jeju Island | locator map = | native name = 제주도/濟州島 | native name link = Korean leid | location = [[East Asie]] | coordinates = | archipelago = Jeju | length = {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area km2 = 1,848 | highest mount = [[Hallasan]] | elevation m = 1,950 | country = Republic o Korea | country admin divisions title = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o the Republic o Korea|Special Autonomous Province]] | country admin divisions = Jeju-do | country largest city = [[Jeju Ceety]] | country largest city population = 408,364 | population = approx. 565,000 | population as of = | density km2 = | ethnic groups = [[Koreans|Korean]] }} '''Jeju-do'''<ref>Transliterated Korean names are preferred tae Inglis equivalents; see [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)#Place names]].</ref> ([[Transliteration|transliterated]] [[Korean leid|Korean]] for '''Jeju Province''', short form o '''Jeju Special Autonomous Province''' or Cheju Island) is the anerlie special autonomous province o the [[Republic o Korea]], situatit on an coterminous wi the kintra's lairgest [[island]]. Jeju-do lees in the [[Korea Strait]], soothwast o [[Jeollanam-do]] Province, o which it wis a pairt afore it became a separate province in 1946. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Jeju Ceety]]. The island contains the natural [[Warld Heritage Steid]] [[Jeju Volcanic Island an Lava Tubes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm | work=BBC News | title=Unesco names World Heritage sites | date=June 28, 2007 | accessdate=May 6, 2010}}</ref> == Ceeties == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" align=center |- ! Map ! # ! Name ! [[Hangul]] ! [[Hanja]] ! Admeenistrative Type |- |rowspan=3|[[File:Jeju-do sub map.png]] |---------- |1 |[[Jeju Ceety]] |제주시 |濟州市 |Ceety |---------- |2 |[[Seogwipo]] Ceety |서귀포시 |西歸浦市 |Ceety |} == Notes an references == {{Reflist|2}} {{Coord|33|22|N|126|32|E|type:isle_scale:2500000|display=title}} {{Stub/Sooth Korea}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeju-Do}} [[Category:Jeju-do| ]] [[Category:Islands o the Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Provinces o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Biosphere reserves o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:1940s establishments]] [[Category:Autonomous provinces]] qt1d02ortr0pzvoaeda7ohmhi4cv3of 916828 916827 2026-05-15T11:38:40Z NDG 120996 Revertit edit o [[Special:Contributions/Dhddhdhdhhdh|Dhddhdhdhhdh]] ([[User talk:Dhddhdhdhhdh|tauk]]), chynged back tae last version bi CommonsDelinker:unexplaint content remuival 894649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{raise|0.2em|Jeju Province}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|제주도}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Special Admeenistrative Province]] | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type = Hangul | translit_lang1_info = {{linktext|제|주|특|별|자|치|도}} | translit_lang1_type1 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|濟|州|特|別|自|治|道}}}} | translit_lang1_type2 = McCune‑Reischauer | translit_lang1_info2 = Cheju T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'ido | translit_lang1_type3 = Revised&nbsp;Romanization | translit_lang1_info3 = Jeju Teukbyeoljachi-do | image_flag = Flag of Jeju (1969–2009).svg | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Jeju.svg | image_map = Jeju Province in South Korea.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Jeju | seat_type = [[Leet o caipitals in Sooth Korea|Caipital]] | seat = [[Jeju Ceety]] | parts_type = Subdiveesions | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = 2 ceeties; 0 coonties | leader_title = Govrenor | leader_name = [[Won Hee-ryong|Won Hui-ryong]] ([[Bareun Party|Bareun]]) | area_total_km2 = 1,849 | area_rank = 9t | population_footnotes = | population_total = 604,771 | population_as_of = October, 2014 | population_rank = 9t | population_density_km2 = 327.1 | demographics_type1 = Metropolitan Seembols | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Flouer | demographics1_info1 = [[Rhododendron]] | demographics1_title2 = Tree | demographics1_info2 = [[Cinnamomum camphora]] | demographics1_title3 = Bird | demographics1_info3 = [[Widpecker]] | demographics1_title4 = Jeju | demographics1_info4 = | demographics1_title5 = | demographics1_info5 = | blank_name_sec1 = Dialect | blank_info_sec1 = [[Jeju dialect|Jeju]] | website = [http://english.jeju.go.kr/ Offeecial Wabsteid] | footnotes = | postal_code = 690-000~699-999 | area_code = +82-64-7xx }} {{Infobox islands | name = Jejudo | image name =Jeju_Island.jpg | image caption = Jeju Island | locator map = | native name = 제주도/濟州島 | native name link = Korean leid | location = [[East Asie]] | coordinates = | archipelago = Jeju | length = {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area km2 = 1,848 | highest mount = [[Hallasan]] | elevation m = 1,950 | country = Republic o Korea | country admin divisions title = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o the Republic o Korea|Special Autonomous Province]] | country admin divisions = Jeju-do | country largest city = [[Jeju Ceety]] | country largest city population = 408,364 | population = approx. 565,000 | population as of = | density km2 = | ethnic groups = [[Koreans|Korean]] }} '''Jeju-do'''<ref>Transliterated Korean names are preferred tae Inglis equivalents; see [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)#Place names]].</ref> ([[Transliteration|transliterated]] [[Korean leid|Korean]] for '''Jeju Province''', short form o '''Jeju Special Autonomous Province''' or Cheju Island) is the anerlie special autonomous province o the [[Republic o Korea]], situatit on an coterminous wi the kintra's lairgest [[island]]. Jeju-do lees in the [[Korea Strait]], soothwast o [[Jeollanam-do]] Province, o which it wis a pairt afore it became a separate province in 1946. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Jeju Ceety]]. The island contains the natural [[Warld Heritage Steid]] [[Jeju Volcanic Island an Lava Tubes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm | work=BBC News | title=Unesco names World Heritage sites | date=June 28, 2007 | accessdate=May 6, 2010}}</ref> == Ceeties == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" align=center |- ! Map ! # ! Name ! [[Hangul]] ! [[Hanja]] ! Admeenistrative Type |- |rowspan=3|[[File:Jeju-do sub map.png]] |---------- |1 |[[Jeju Ceety]] |제주시 |濟州市 |Ceety |---------- |2 |[[Seogwipo]] Ceety |서귀포시 |西歸浦市 |Ceety |} == Notes an references == {{Reflist|2}} {{Coord|33|22|N|126|32|E|type:isle_scale:2500000|display=title}} {{Stub/Sooth Korea}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeju-Do}} [[Category:Jeju-do| ]] [[Category:Islands o the Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Provinces o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Biosphere reserves o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:1940s establishments]] [[Category:Autonomous provinces]] 95vsvpfic0hx8zyvfmvm748b3qse11d 916829 916828 2026-05-15T11:41:47Z ~2026-29121-00 131311 /* */ 916829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{raise|0.2em|Jeju Province}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|제주도}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Sooth Korea|Special Admeenistrative Province]] | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type = Hangul | translit_lang1_info = {{linktext|제|주|특|별|자|치|도}} | translit_lang1_type1 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|濟|州|特|別|自|治|道}}}} | translit_lang1_type2 = McCune‑Reischauer | translit_lang1_info2 = Cheju T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'ido | translit_lang1_type3 = Revised&nbsp;Romanization | translit_lang1_info3 = Jeju Teukbyeoljachi-do | image_flag = | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Jeju.svg | image_map = Jeju Province in South Korea.svg | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Sooth Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Jeju | seat_type = [[Leet o caipitals in Sooth Korea|Caipital]] | seat = [[Jeju Ceety]] | parts_type = Subdiveesions | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = 2 ceeties; 0 coonties | leader_title = Govrenor | leader_name = [[Won Hee-ryong|Won Hui-ryong]] ([[Bareun Party|Bareun]]) | area_total_km2 = 1,849 | area_rank = 9t | population_footnotes = | population_total = 604,771 | population_as_of = October, 2014 | population_rank = 9t | population_density_km2 = 327.1 | demographics_type1 = Metropolitan Seembols | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Flouer | demographics1_info1 = [[Rhododendron]] | demographics1_title2 = Tree | demographics1_info2 = [[Cinnamomum camphora]] | demographics1_title3 = Bird | demographics1_info3 = [[Widpecker]] | demographics1_title4 = Jeju | demographics1_info4 = | demographics1_title5 = | demographics1_info5 = | blank_name_sec1 = Dialect | blank_info_sec1 = [[Jeju dialect|Jeju]] | website = [http://english.jeju.go.kr/ Offeecial Wabsteid] | footnotes = | postal_code = 690-000~699-999 | area_code = +82-64-7xx }} {{Infobox islands | name = Jejudo | image name =Jeju_Island.jpg | image caption = Jeju Island | locator map = | native name = 제주도/濟州島 | native name link = Korean leid | location = [[East Asie]] | coordinates = | archipelago = Jeju | length = {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area km2 = 1,848 | highest mount = [[Hallasan]] | elevation m = 1,950 | country = Republic o Korea | country admin divisions title = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o the Republic o Korea|Special Autonomous Province]] | country admin divisions = Jeju-do | country largest city = [[Jeju Ceety]] | country largest city population = 408,364 | population = approx. 565,000 | population as of = | density km2 = | ethnic groups = [[Koreans|Korean]] }} '''Jeju-do'''<ref>Transliterated Korean names are preferred tae Inglis equivalents; see [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Korean)#Place names]].</ref> ([[Transliteration|transliterated]] [[Korean leid|Korean]] for '''Jeju Province''', short form o '''Jeju Special Autonomous Province''' or Cheju Island) is the anerlie special autonomous province o the [[Republic o Korea]], situatit on an coterminous wi the kintra's lairgest [[island]]. Jeju-do lees in the [[Korea Strait]], soothwast o [[Jeollanam-do]] Province, o which it wis a pairt afore it became a separate province in 1946. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Jeju Ceety]]. The island contains the natural [[Warld Heritage Steid]] [[Jeju Volcanic Island an Lava Tubes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6248244.stm | work=BBC News | title=Unesco names World Heritage sites | date=June 28, 2007 | accessdate=May 6, 2010}}</ref> == Ceeties == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" align=center |- ! Map ! # ! Name ! [[Hangul]] ! [[Hanja]] ! Admeenistrative Type |- |rowspan=3|[[File:Jeju-do sub map.png]] |---------- |1 |[[Jeju Ceety]] |제주시 |濟州市 |Ceety |---------- |2 |[[Seogwipo]] Ceety |서귀포시 |西歸浦市 |Ceety |} == Notes an references == {{Reflist|2}} {{Coord|33|22|N|126|32|E|type:isle_scale:2500000|display=title}} {{Stub/Sooth Korea}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeju-Do}} [[Category:Jeju-do| ]] [[Category:Islands o the Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Provinces o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Biosphere reserves o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:1940s establishments]] [[Category:Autonomous provinces]] oqt0y979fvyn1oaka4wzt8nm2cdvgxa Rafael Nadal 0 36584 916811 915889 2026-05-14T21:00:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox tennis biography <!-- PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO PLACE THE RELATED DATE IN THE "UPDATED" PARAMETER BELOW AFTER EACH UPDATE, THANKS --> |name = Rafael Nadal |fullname = Rafael Nadal Parera |image= Nadal Japan Open 2011.jpg |caption = Rafael Nadal in 2011 |country = {{flagicon|Spain}} Spain |nickname = ''Rafa''<br />''The King of Clay''<br />''The Matador''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/sport/tennis/australian-open/the-man-from-majorca-breathes-the-sweet-scent-of-victory/2009/02/02/1233423135781.html |title=The man from Majorca breathes scent of victory | last=Niall | first=Jake | work=The Age | date=3 February 2009 | accessdate=5 April 2010 | location=Melbourne}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2304002/Wimbledon-Rafael-Nadal-happy-with-his-game---and-his-shorts---as-he-moves-through-gears.html | title=Wimbledon: Rafael Nadal happy with his game – and his shorts – as he moves through gears | last=Scott | first=Brough | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=24 June 2008 | accessdate=5 April 2010 | location=London | archive-date=2012-09-14 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914045140/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2304002/Wimbledon-Rafael-Nadal-happy-with-his-game---and-his-shorts---as-he-moves-through-gears.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> |residence = [[Manacor]], [[Majorca]], [[Balearic Islands]], Spain |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|6|3}} |birth_place = Manacor, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain |height = 1.85 m (6&nbsp;ft 1&nbsp;in) |weight = {{convert|85|kg|lb st|abbr=on}} |turnedpro = 2001 |plays = Carrie-haunit (twa-haunit backhaun) |careerprizemoney = US$124,961,595<ref name="career-prize-money-leaders">{{cite web |title=ATP Prize Money Leaders|url=http://www.protennislive.com/posting/ramr/career_prize.pdf}}</ref> *<small>&nbsp;[[ATP Warld Tour records#Prize money leaders|3rd&nbsp;aw-time&nbsp;leader&nbsp;in&nbsp;earnins]]</small> |singlesrecord = {{#property:P564}} |singlestitles = 83 <small>([[Open Era tennis records – men's singles#Aw tournaments|4t in the Open Era]])</small> |currentsinglesranking = No. 6 (8 November 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atpworldtour.com/es/players/eswiki/N409/overview|title=Rafael Nadal - Overview - ATP World Tour - Tennis|work=ATP World Tour}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |highestsinglesranking = No. '''1''' (18 August 2008) |AustralianOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2009 Australian Open – Men's Singles|2009]]) |FrenchOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2005 French Open – Men's Singles|2005]], [[2006 French Open – Men's Singles|2006]], [[2007 French Open – Men's Singles|2007]], [[2008 French Open – Men's Singles|2008]], [[2010 French Open – Men's Singles|2010]], [[2011 French Open – Men's Singles|2011]], [[2012 French Open – Men's Singles|2012]], [[2014 French Open – Men's Singles|2014]], [[French Open- Men's Singles (2017)|2017]], [[French Open- Men's Singles (2018)|2018]], [[2019 French Open – Men's Singles|2019]], [[2020 French Open – Men's Singles|2020]]) |Wimbledonresult = '''W''' ([[2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2008]], [[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2010]]) |USOpenresult = '''W''' ([[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|2010]], [[2013 US Open – Men's Singles|2013]], [[2017 US Open – Men's Singles|2017]], [[2019 US Open – Men's Singles|2019]]) |Othertournaments = Aye |MastersCupresult = F ([[2010 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2010]], [[2013 ATP World Tour Finals – Singles|2013]]) |Olympicsresult = [[File:Gold medal.svg|20px]] '''Gold medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|2008]]) |doublesrecord = {{#property:P555}} |doublestitles = 11 |currentdoublesranking = |highestdoublesranking = No. 26 (8 August 2005) |grandslamsdoublesresults = Aye |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 3R ([[2004 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2004]], [[2005 Australian Open – Men's Doubles|2005]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 2R ([[2005 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles|2005]]) |USOpenDoublesresult = SF ([[2004 US Open – Men's Doubles|2004]]) |OthertournamentsDoubles = Aye |OlympicsDoublesresult = [[File:Gold medal.svg|20px]] '''Gold medal''' ([[Tennis at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's Doubles|2016]]) |Team=yes |DavisCupresult = '''W''' (2004, 2008, 2009, 2011) | medaltemplates-expand = yes | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry | {{ESP}} }} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Tennis at the Simmer Olympics|Tennis]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2008 Simmer Olympics|2008 Beijing]]|[[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics - Men's singles|Singles]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 Simmer Olympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Tennis at the 2016 Simmer Olympics – Men's doobles|Doobles]]}} |updated = {{date|2021-12-19}} }} '''Rafael''' "'''Rafa'''" '''Nadal Parera''' ({{IPA-ca|rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə|lang}}, {{IPA-es|rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa|lang}}; born 3 Juin 1986) is a Spaingie professional [[tennis]] player currently ranked warld No. 6.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singles Rankings - ATP World Tour|url=https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles|website=Association of Tennis Professionals|publisher=ATP|accessdate=5 August 2018|archive-date=2018-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210234213/https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/rankings/singles|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is widely regardit as the greatest [[clay court]] player in history{{efn|See<ref name="TIME Why Djoikovic's">{{cite news |last=Dodds |first=Eric |title=Why Djokovic’s French Open Loss Is A Win for Men’s Tennis |url=http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2013/06/07/why-djokovics-french-open-loss-is-a-win-for-mens-tennis/ |accessdate=11 June 2013 |work=Time |date=7 June 2013 |archive-date=2013-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610014527/http://keepingscore.blogs.time.com/2013/06/07/why-djokovics-french-open-loss-is-a-win-for-mens-tennis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="LA Times Rafael Nadal wins record eighth">{{cite news |last=Chu |first=Henry |title=Rafael Nadal wins a record eig"hth French Open tennis title |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jun/09/sports/la-sp-french-open-men-20130610 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=9 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu The king and his court">{{cite news |title=The king and his court |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/the-king-and-his-court/article4801157.ece |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="SB Nation French Open results 2013">{{cite news |last=Rothstein |first=Ethan |title=French Open results 2013: Rafael Nadal advances to final with 5-set victory over Novak Djokovic |url=http://www.sbnation.com/tennis/2013/6/7/4405760/french-open-tennis-2013-results-scores-roland-garros-novak-djokovic-rafael-nadal-semifinal |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=SB Nation |date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="NY Times Nadal Embraces History">{{cite news |last=Bishop |first=Greg |title=Nadal Embraces History With a Record Seventh Title on the Clay of Roland Garros |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/12/sports/tennis/nadal-finishes-off-djokovic-for-seventh-french-open-title.html?_r=1&ref=tennis |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 June 2012}}</ref>}} an haes been nicknamed "The King of Clay."{{efn|See<ref name="Plain Dealer King of Clay">{{cite news |title='King of Clay' Rafael Nadal outlasts Novak Djokovic in stirring French Open semifinal |url=http://www.cleveland.com/sports/index.ssf/2013/06/king_of_clay_rafael_nadal_outl.html |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |date=7 June 2013 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="LA Times French Open 2013">{{cite news |last=McMahon |first=James| title=French Open 2013: Breaking Down Why Rafael Nadal is so Dominant on Clay |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1666425-french-open-2013-breaking-down-why-rafael-nadal-is-so-dominant-on-clay |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=8 June 2013|agency=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref name="NBC Sports Nadal Shakes Off">{{cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Pritha |title=Nadal Shakes Off Protessters, Ferrer to Win French Open |url=http://www.nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/52148421 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=NBC Sports |date=9 June 2013 |agency=Reuters |archive-date=2013-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612103854/http://www.nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/52148421 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="USA Today Nadal takes down Djokovic">{{cite news |last=Robson |first=Douglas |title=Nadal takes down Djokovic, reaches French Open final |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/2013/06/07/rafael-nadal-novak-djokovic-french-open-mens-semifinals/2400029/|accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=USA Today |date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Boston Herald Rafael Nadal overcomes">{{cite news |title=Rafael Nadal overcomes doubts to win 8th French title |url=http://bostonherald.com/sports/other/tennis/2013/06/rafael_nadal_overcomes_doubts_to_win_8th_french_title |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Boston Herald |date=10 June 2013 |agency=Associated Press |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108192340/http://bostonherald.com/sports/other/tennis/2013/06/rafael_nadal_overcomes_doubts_to_win_8th_french_title |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fox Sports Nadal roars back">{{cite news |last=Evans |first=Richard |title=Nadal roars back to King of Clay throne |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/rafael-nadal-retakes-king-of-clay-title-with-french-open-win-060610 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |work=Fox Sports |date=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704182501/http://msn.foxsports.com/tennis/story/rafael-nadal-retakes-king-of-clay-title-with-french-open-win-060610 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} His evolution intae an aw-court threat haes established him as ane o the greatest players in tennis,{{efn|See<ref name="Atlantic Greatest Mens' Tennis Player">{{cite news |last=St. John |first=Allen |title=The Greatest Men's Tennis Player of All Time Is at the French Open |url=http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/06/the-greatest-mens-tennis-player-of-all-time-is-at-the-french-open/258262/|accessdate=11 June 2013|newspaper=The Atlantic|date=7 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="LA Times Where Rafael Nadal Fits">{{cite news |last=Eckstein |first=Jeremy |title=Where Rafael Nadal Fits in the Greatest of All Time Debate |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1666069-whose-legacy-is-greatest-rafael-nadal-roger-federer-or-pete-sampras |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=9 June 2013 |agency=Bleacher Report}}</ref><ref name="HuffPost Could Rafa Nadal Be the Greatest">{{cite news |last=Goldring |first=Fred |title=Could Rafa Nadal Be the Greatest Tennis Player of All Time? |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-goldring/nadal-french-_b_871946.html |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Huffington Post |date=6 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="WP Who's the best">{{cite news |last=Bowen |first=Fred |title=Who's the best tennis player of all time? |url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-08-31/lifestyle/35270499_1_tennis-player-bjorn-borg-roy-emerson |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=31 August 2011 |archive-date=2013-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613014812/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-08-31/lifestyle/35270499_1_tennis-player-bjorn-borg-roy-emerson |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Business Insider Rafael Nadal is Challenging">{{cite news |last=Gaines |first=Cork |title=Rafael Nadal Is Challenging Roger Federer for the Title Of 'Greatest of All Time'|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-why-rafael-nadal-is-making-case-as-the-greatest-of-all-time-2013-6 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |work=Business Insider |date=10 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Chattanooga Nadal may now argue">{{cite news |last=Wiedmer |first=Mark |title=Wiedmer: Nadal may now argue for best ever |url=http://timesfreepress.com/news/2013/jun/10/nadal-may-now-argue-for-best-ever/ |accessdate=11 June 2013 |newspaper=Chattanooga Times Free Press |date=10 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="ESPN Becker questions">{{cite news |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |title=Becker questions whether Federer is greatest ever |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/177649.html |accessdate=11 June 2013 |publisher=ESPN |date=4 November 2012 |archive-date=2013-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105222423/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/177649.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fox Sports">{{cite news |title=Roger Federer is greatest player of all time says Australian tennis legend Rod Laver |url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/tennis/roger-federer-is-greatest-player-of-all-time-says-australian-tennis-legend-rod-laver/story-e6frf4mu-1226418545853#.UbdoXpwQNxV |accessdate=11 June 2013 |work=Fox Sports |date=6 July 2012}}</ref>}} wi some considering Nadal tae be the greatest player o aw time.<ref name="ftw.usatoday.com">{{cite news |last=Chase |first=Chris |url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/01/roger-federer-rafael-nadal-australian-open/ |title=Roger Federer just made Rafael Nadal's case for greatest of all time |work=USA Today |date=24 January 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014 |archive-date=2017-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211161047/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/01/roger-federer-rafael-nadal-australian-open |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Heveldt |first1=Guy |last2=Walker |first2=Nick |last3=Smith |first3=Elliott |title=Tennis: Nadal will overtake Federer - Sampras |url=http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/auckland/news/spten/299691324-tennis--nadal-will-overtake-federer---sampras |work=Newstalk ZB |date=26 January 2014 |accessdate=24 June 2014 |archive-date=2014-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020025909/http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/auckland/news/spten/299691324-tennis--nadal-will-overtake-federer---sampras |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Andre Agassi picks Rafael Nadal ahead of Roger Federer as tennis's greatest all-time player |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/rafaelnadal/10816170/Andre-Agassi-picks-Rafael-Nadal-ahead-of-Roger-Federer-as-tenniss-greatest-all-time-player.html |accessdate=8 June 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Nadal haes won 15 [[Leet o Grand Slam men's singles champions|Grand Slam singles teetles]], the [[Tennis at the 2008 Simmer Olympics – Men's singles|2008 Olympic gowd medal in singles]], a [[Tennis Masters Series records an stateestics#Teetles matrix|record 28 teetles]] [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000]]<ref name="ESPN Cinc">{{cite news |title=Nadal captures Cincinnati crown |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/231081.html |accessdate=19 July 2014 |work=ESPN |date=18 August 2013 |archive-date=2015-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110093810/http://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/sport/story/231081.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Tworld Cinc">{{cite web|url=http://www.tennisworldusa.org/Rafael-Nadal-beats-Isner-to-win-26th-Masters-1000-title-in-Cincinnati-articolo12228.html |title=Rafael Nadal beats Isner to win 26th Masters 1000 title in Cincinnati |publisher=Tennisworldusa.org |date=18 August 2013 |accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |title=Rafael Nadal wins Madrid Masters after Kei Nishikori retires |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/27368033 |work=BBC Sport |date=11 May 2014 |accessdate=24 June 2014}}</ref> an 17 [[ATP World Tour 500]] tournaments. He wis a member o the winnin [[Spain Davis Cup team]] in [[2004 Davis Cup|2004]], [[2008 Davis Cup|2008]], [[2009 Davis Cup|2009]], an [[2011 Davis Cup|2011]]. In 2010, he became the seivent player in history an youngest o fower in the [[Open Era]] tae achieve the [[Leet o Grand Slam men's singles champions#Winners of the Career Grand Slam|Career Grand Slam]]. He is the seicont male player, efter [[Andre Agassi]], tae complete the singles [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Golden Slam|Career Golden Slam]]. In 2011, Nadal wis named the [[Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year|Laureus World Sportsman of the Year]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.laureus.com/awards/2011|title=Awards 2011|publisher=Laureus World Sports Awards|accessdate=13 August 2014|archive-date=2015-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701234042/http://www.laureus.com/awards/2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal an [[Mats Wilander]] is the anly twa male players in history wha haes won at least twa Grand Slam teetles on three different surfaces—haurd coort, grass, an clay.<ref name=surface>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/09/36-US-Open-Week-2/US-Open-Monday-Final-Nadal-Completes-Career-Slam.aspx|title=US Open Final - Nadal Completes Career Grand Slam - Tennis - ATP World Tour|work=ATP World Tour}}</ref> Bi winnin the [[2014 French Open]], Nadal became the anly male player tae win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times an the first tae win at least ane Grand Slam tournament for ten year efter ither, breakin the record o aicht year efter ither that wis skared bi [[Björn Borg]], [[Pete Sampras]], an [[Roger Federer]]. Nadal hauds the record for [[Overall tennis tournaments records and statistics#Most consecutive titles at a particular tournament|maist consecutive teetles at a pairteecular toornament]] efter winnin his echth straucht [[Monte-Carlo Masters]] in 2012. He haes won at least ane Masters 1000 an ane ATP 500 series toornament for 10 year efter ither. ==Early life== Rafael Nadal wis born in [[Manacor]], Balearic Islands, Spain, tae Sebastián Nadal, a businessman who ains an insurance company, a gless an windae company, Vidres Mallorca, an manages his ain restaurant, Sa Punta. His mither is Ana María Parera, a housewife. He haes a younger sister named María Isabel. His uncle, [[Miguel Ángel Nadal]], is a retired professional [[association fitbaw|footballer]], who played for [[RCD Mallorca]], [[FC Barcelona]], an the [[Spain national football team|Spanish national team]].<ref name="times">{{cite news | first=Christopher | last=Clarey | title=Rafael Nadal, Barely 19, He's Got Game, Looks and Remarkably Good Manners | date=6 June 2005 | work=[[The New York Times]] | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/sports/tennis/06nadal.html|accessdate=5 April 2010}}</ref> Nadal supports football clubs [[Real Madrid]] an RCD Mallorca.<ref>{{cite news | title=Sportsround meets Rafael Nadal | date=11 November 2006 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_6130000/newsid_6135900/6135996.stm |publisher=BBC Sports | accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref> Recognizing that Nadal haed a naitural talent for tennis, anither uncle, [[Toni Nadal]], a umwhile professional tennis player, introduced him tae tennis whan he wis three year auld.<ref name="Rajaraman">{{cite web|url=http://www.insidetennis.com/archive/0608_french_open_nadal.html|first=Aarthi|last=Rajaraman|title=At Home with Humble yet Ambitious Nadal|date=1 June 2008|work=Inside Tennis|accessdate=5 April 2010|archive-date=2010-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609141023/http://www.insidetennis.com/archive/0608_french_open_nadal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> At age aicht, Nadal won an unner-12 regional tennis championship at a time whan he wis an aa a promising football player.<ref name="timesonline">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article708386.ece|title=The Big Interview: Rafael Nadal|work=The Sunday Times|date=23 April 2006|first=Alison|last=Kervin|accessdate=5 April 2010|location=London|archive-date=2011-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907070717/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article708386.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> This made Toni Nadal intensify training, an at that time he encouraged Nadal tae play left-handed for a naitural advantage on the tennis court, as he noticed Nadal played [[forehand]] shots wi twa haunds.<ref name="timesonline"/> This mey be due tae the fact he is ambidextrous, playin tennis wi his left haund, an writing wi his right.<ref>{{cite news | title = Rafael Nadal | url = http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602193546/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx | archivedate = 2015-06-02 | publisher = ATP | accessdate = 22 February 2014 | url-status = bot: unknown }}</ref> When Nadal wis 12, he won the Spanish an European tennis teetles in his age group an wis playin tennis an football aw the time.<ref name="timesonline"/> Nadal's faither made him choose atween football an tennis sae that his schuil wirk wad nae deteriorate entirely. Nadal said: "I chose tennis. Football had to stop straight away."<ref name="timesonline"/> When he wis 14, the Spanish tennis federation requestit that he leave Mallorca an muive tae [[Barcelona]] tae continue his tennis training. Nadal's faimily turned doun this request, partly acause thay feared it wad hurt his eddication,<ref name="timesonline"/> but an aa acause Toni said that "I don't want to believe that you have to go to America, or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home."<ref name="Rajaraman"/> The decision tae stay hame meant that Nadal received less financial support frae the federation; insteid, Nadal's faither covered the costs. In Mey 2001, he defeatit umwhile Grand Slam tournament champion [[Pat Cash]] in a clay-court exhibition match.<ref name="times"/> Nadal turned professional at the age o 15,<ref name="rafarenaissance">{{cite news|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/DEUCE-Tennis/DEUCE-May-2010/Rafael-Nadal.aspx |title=The Rafa Renaissance | work=atpworldtour | first=Joel | last=Drucker | date=18 May 2010}}</ref> an participatit in twa events on the [[International Tennis Federation|ITF]] junior circuit. In 2002, at the age o 16, Nadal reached the semifeenals o the Boy's Singles tournament at Wimbledon, in his first ITF junior event.<ref name="ITFTennis">{{cite web|url=http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100007935|title=ITF Tennis – Juniors – Player Activity|accessdate=15 June 2012|archive-date=2013-07-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IET2x3WX?url=http://www.itftennis.com/juniors/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100007935|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bi the age o 17, he beat [[Roger Federer]] the first time thay played an acame the youngest man tae reach the third roond at Wimbledon syne [[Boris Becker]]. At 18, he helped pace Spain ower the US in the junior [[Davis Cup]] in his seicont, an feenal, appearance on the ITF junior circuit. At 19, Nadal won the French Open the first time he played it, a feat nae accomplished in Paris for mair nor 20 years. He eventually won it the first fower times he played at Roland Garros.<ref name="rafarenaissance"/> In 2003, he haed won the ATP [[ATP World Tour Awards#Newcomer of the Year|Newcomer of the Year]] Award. Early in his career, Nadal acame kent for his habit o bitin the trophies he won.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1653408,00.html |title=10 Questions for Rafael Nadal |accessdate=14 September 2010 |work=Time |first=Nathan |last=Thornburgh |date=15 August 2007 |archive-date=2013-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812171900/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1653408,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tennis career== ===2002–2004=== In Aprile 2002, at 15 years an 10 month, the warld No. 762 Nadal won his first [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] match, defeatin [[Ramón Delgado]], an acame the ninth player in the [[Open Era]] tae dae sae afore the age o 16.<ref name="Tennis.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.tennis.com/features/general/features.aspx?id=10488 |title=Wimbledon 2006: The Duel |last=Tignor |first=Stephen |date=20 June 2006 |work=[[Tennis Magazine]] |accessdate=8 November 2008 |archive-date=2013-07-19 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6IET4ENJL?url=http://www.tennis.com/players-rankings/features/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The follaein year, Nadal won twa Challenger teetles an finished the year in the tap 50. At his Wimbledon debut in 2003, Nadal acame the youngest man tae reach the third roond syne [[Boris Becker]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite news | first=Christopher | last=Clarey |title=Wimbledon Tennis: An unusual comfort zone | date=26 June 2003 | url =http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/26/sports/26iht-tennis_ed3__12.html | work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=5 April 2010}}</ref> Nadal reached the third roond o the [[2004 Australian Open]] whaur he lost in three sets against Australian [[Lleyton Hewitt]]. Interestingly, haed he won, he wad hae faced Roger Federer in the next roond.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-01-24/hewitt-sets-up-federer-clash/124708 |title=Hewitt sets up Federer clash |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=24 November 2012}}</ref> Later that year, Nadal played his first match against warld No. 1 Roger Federer at the [[2004 Miami Masters]], an won in straucht sets, afore losin tae [[Fernando González]] in the fowert roond. He wis ane o the sax players who defeatit Federer that year (alang wi [[Tim Henman]], [[Albert Costa]], [[Gustavo Kuerten]], [[Dominik Hrbatý]], an [[Tomáš Berdych]]). He missed maist o the clay court saison, includin the French Open, acause o a stress fracture in his left ankle.<ref name="times"/> Nadal, at 18 years an sax month, acame the youngest player tae register a singles veectory in a [[Davis Cup]] feenal for a winning naition.<ref name="telenadkno1">{{cite news | first=Emily | last=Benammar | title=Rafael Nadal: All you need to know | date=8 July 2008 | url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/atptour/2305040/Rafael-Nadal-All-you-need-to-know.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | accessdate =5 April 2010 | location=London}}</ref> Bi beatin warld No. 2 [[Andy Roddick]], he helped Spain clinch the 2004 teetle ower the Unitit States in a 3–2 win. He finished the year ranked warld No. 51. ===2005: First Grand Slam title=== At the [[2005 Australian Open]], Nadal lost in the fowert roond tae eventual runner-up [[Lleyton Hewitt]]. Twa month later, Nadal reached the feenal o the [[2005 Miami Masters]], an despite bein twa pynts frae a straucht-sets veectory, he wis defeatit in five sets bi warld No. 1 Roger Federer. Baith performances war considered tae be breakthroughs for Nadal.<ref>{{cite news | title=Brave Hewitt battles past Nadal | date=24 January 2005 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4200919.stm |publisher=BBC Sports | accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Nadal proves to be the real deal | date=5 April 2005 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/4412667.stm |publisher=BBC Sports | accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref> He then dominatit the spring clay court saison. He won 24 consecutive singles matches, which broke [[Andre Agassi]]'s Open Era record o consecutive match wins for a male teenager.<ref>{{cite news | title=Teen Nadal gives Spain reign over French Open | date=5 June 2006 | url =http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/french/2005-06-05-day-14_x.htm | agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today | accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref> Nadal won the [[Torneo Godo|Torneo Conde de Godó]] in Barcelona an beat [[2004 French Open]] runner-up [[Guillermo Coria]] in the feenals o the [[2005 Monte Carlo Masters]] an the [[2005 Rome Masters]]. Thir victories raised his ranking tae warld No. 5<ref name="ranking2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx?t=rh |title=ATP Rankings History: Rafael Nadal |accessdate=6 April 2010 |publisher=ATP Tour }}</ref> an made him ane o the favorites at his career-first French Open. On his 19t birthday, Nadal defeatit Federer in the [[2005 French Open]] semifeenals, bein ane o anly fower players who defeatit the tap-seedit player that year (alang wi [[Marat Safin]], [[Richard Gasquet]], an [[David Nalbandian]]). Twa days later, he defeatit [[Mariano Puerta]] in the feenal, acomin the seicont male player efter [[Mats Wilander]] tae win the French Open on his first attempt. He an aa acame the first teenager tae win a Grand Slam singles teetle syne [[Pete Sampras]] won the [[1990 US Open (tennis)|1990 US Open]] at age 19.<ref name="times"/> Winning the French Open improved Nadal's ranking tae warld No. 3.<ref name="ranking2005"/> Three days efter his veectory in Paris, Nadal's 24-match winning streak wis snapped in the first roond o the grass coort [[Gerry Weber Open]] in Halle, Germany, whaur he lost tae the German [[Alexander Waske]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Waske snaps Nadal's winning streak | date=10 June 2005 | url =http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/sport/archives/2005/06/10/2003258798 | agency=Associated Press | accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref> He then lost in the seicont roond o [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|2005 Wimbledon]] tae [[Gilles Müller]] o Luxembourg. Immediately efter Wimbledon, Nadal won 16 consecutive matches an three consecutive tournaments, bringin his ranking tae warld No. 2 on 25 Julie 2005. Nadal stairtit his North American summer haurd-court saison bi defeatin Agassi in the feenal o the [[2005 Canada Masters]], but lost in the first roond o the [[2005 Cincinnati Masters]]. Nadal wis seedit seicont at the [[2005 US Open (tennis)|2005 US Open]], whaur he wis upset in the third roond bi warld No. 49 [[James Blake (tennis)|James Blake]] in fower sets. In September, he defeatit Coria in the feenal o the [[China Open (tennis)|China Open]] in Beijing an won baith o his [[Davis Cup]] matches against Italy. In October, he won his fowert ATP Masters Series teetle o the year, defeatin [[Ivan Ljubičić]] in the feenal o the [[Madrid Masters|2005 Madrid Masters]]. He then suffered a fit injury that preventit him frae competin in the year-endin [[Tennis Masters Cup]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Julian | last=Linden | title=Foot injury delays Rafael Nadal's comeback | date=5 January 2006 | url =http://www.rediff.com/sports/2006/jan/05nadal.htm | agency=Reuters| accessdate =6 April 2010}}</ref> Baith Nadal an Federer won eleven singles teetles an fower ATP Masters Series teetles in 2005. Nadal broke [[Mats Wilander]]'s previous teenage record o nine in 1983.<ref name=2005eleven>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/tennis/1/en/2008news/nadal_newno1.asp|title=Rafael Nadal No. 1 Tribute|accessdate=7 July 2009|date=18 August 2008|work=ATP World Tour}}{{Dead link|date=April 2010}}</ref> Nine o Nadal's teetles war on clay, an the remainder war on haurd courts. Nadal won 79 matches, seicont anly tae Federer's 81. Nadal won the [[Golden Bagel Award]] for 2005, wi eleven 6–0 sets during the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sidespinproductions.com/news9.php |title=Nadal Grabs the Golden Bagel |accessdate=6 April 2010 |date=11 December 2005 |publisher=SideSpin Productions }}</ref> An aa, he earned the heichest year-end ranking ever bi a Spaniard an the ATP Maist Improved Player o the Year award. ===2006: Second French Open title=== Nadal missed the Australian Open acause o a fit injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/4561684.stm|title=Champion Safin out of Aussie Open|work=BBC Sport|date=10 January 2006|accessdate=13 November 2008}}</ref> In Februar, he lost in the semifeenals o the first tournament he played, the [[Open 13]] tournament in [[Marseille]], Fraunce. Twa weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss o the year in the feenal o the [[Dubai Tennis Championships|Dubai Duty Free Men's Open]] (in 2006, Rafael Nadal an [[Andy Murray]] war the anly twa men who defeatit Federer). Tae complete the spring haurd-court saison, Nadal wis upset in the semifeenals o the [[Indian Wells Masters|Pacific Life Open]] in [[Indian Wells, California]], bi James Blake, an wis upset in the seicont roond o the [[2006 Miami Masters]]. On European [[clay court|clay]], Nadal won aw fower tournaments he entered an 24 consecutive matches. He defeatit Federer in the feenal o the [[Monte Carlo Masters|Masters Series Monte Carlo]] in fower sets. The follaein week, he defeatit [[Tommy Robredo]] in the feenal o the [[Torneo Godó|Open Sabadell Atlántico]] tournament in [[Barcelona]]. Efter a ane-week break, Nadal won the Masters Series [[Rome Masters|Internazionali BNL d'Italia]] in Rome, defeatin Federer in a fift-set tiebreaker in the feenal, efter saving twa match pynts an equaling [[Björn Borg]]'s tally o 16 ATP teetles won as a teenager. Nadal broke Argentinian [[Guillermo Vilas]]'s 29-year male record o 53 consecutive clay-court match victories bi winning his first roond match at the [[2006 French Open|French Open]]. Vilas presentit Nadal wi a trophy, but commentit later that Nadal's feat wis less impressive than his ain acause Nadal's winning streak covered twa years an wis accomplished bi adding easy tournaments tae his schedule.<ref>{{cite web| first=Greg | last=Garber | title=With Vilas in stands, Nadal makes history | date=31 May 2006 | url =http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french06/news/story?id=2462389&lpos=spotlight&lid=tab4pos1 | work=ESPN Tennis/French06|publisher=ESPN |accessdate=13 November 2008}}</ref> Nadal went on tae play Federer in the feenal o the French Open. The first twa sets o the match war hardly competitive, as the rivals traded 6–1 sets. Nadal won the third set easily an served for the match in the fowert set afore Federer broke him an forced a tiebreaker. Nadal won the tiebreaker an acame the first player tae defeat Federer in a Grand Slam tournament feenal.<ref>{{cite web| first=Greg | last=Garber | title=Roger's reign on hold with Nadal's dominance | date=12 June 2006 | work=ESPN Tennis/French06|publisher=ESPN | url =http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french06/news/story?id=2479425 | accessdate =13 November 2008 }}</ref> [[File:Image-Nadal photographié-cropped.jpg|thumb|left|upright|2006 [[French Open|Roland Garros]] champion]] Nadal injured his shouder while playin a quarterfeenal match against [[Lleyton Hewitt]] at the [[Queen's Club Championships|Artois Championships]], played on grass at the [[Queen's Club]] in Lunnon.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDA1131F934A25755C0A9609C8B63|title=Shoulder Forces Nadal To Quit London Match|date=17 June 2006|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 November 2008}}</ref> Nadal wis unable tae complete the match, which ended his 26-match winning streak. Nadal wis seedit seicont at Wimbledon, but wis twa pynts frae defeat against American qualifier [[Robert Kendrick]] in the seicont roond afore coming back tae win in five sets. In the third roond, Nadal defeatit warld No. 20 [[Andre Agassi]] in straucht sets at Agassi's last career match at Wimbledon. Nadal an aa won his next three matches in straucht sets, which set up his first Wimbledon feenal, which wis against Federer, who haed won this tournament the three previous years. Nadal wis the first Spanish man syne [[Manuel Santana]] in 1966, tae reach the Wimbledon feenal, but Federer won the match in fower sets tae win his fowert consecutive [[Wimbledon 2006|Wimbledon]] teetle. During the lead up tae the [[2006 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Nadal played the twa Masters Series tournaments in North Americae. He wis upset in the third roond o the [[Canada Masters|Rogers Cup]] in Toronto an the quarterfeenals o the [[Cincinnati Masters|Western & Southern Financial Group Masters]] in [[Cincinnati]]. Nadal wis seedit seicont at the US Open, but lost in the quarterfeenals tae warld No. 54 [[Mikhail Youzhny]] o Roushie in fower sets. Nadal played anly three tournaments the remainder o the year. [[Joachim Johansson]], ranked warld No. 690, upset Nadal in the seicont roond o the [[Stockholm Open]]. The follaein week, Nadal lost tae [[Tomáš Berdych]] in the quarterfeenals o the year's last Masters Series tournament, the [[Madrid Masters|Mutua Madrileña Masters]] in Madrid. During the roond-robin stage o the year-endin [[Tennis Masters Cup]], Nadal lost tae [[James Blake (tennis)|James Blake]] but defeatit [[Nikolay Davydenko]] an Robredo. Acause o those twa victories, Nadal qualified for the semifeenals, whaur he lost tae Federer. This wis Nadal's third loss in nine career matches wi Federer. Nadal went on tae acome the first player syne [[Andre Agassi]] in 1994–95 tae finish the year as the warld No. 2 in consecutive years. ===2007: Third French Open title=== {{Main|2007 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal stairtit the year bi playin in sax haurd-court tournaments. He lost in the semifeenals an first roond o his first twa tournaments an then lost in the quarterfeenals o the [[2007 Australian Open|Australian Open]] tae eventual runner-up [[Fernando González]]. Efter anither quarterfeenal loss at the [[Dubai Tennis Championships]], he won the [[2007 Indian Wells Masters]], afore [[Novak Djoković]] defeatit him in the quarterfeenals o the [[2007 Miami Masters]]. He haed comparatively mair success efter returning tae Europe tae play five clay-court tournaments. He won the teetles at the [[Monte Carlo Masters|Masters Series Monte Carlo]], the [[Torneo Godo|Open Sabadell Atlántico]] in Barcelona, an the Masters Series [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia]] in Rome, afore losin tae Roger Federer in the feenal o the [[Masters Series Hamburg]]. This defeat ended his 81-match winning streak on clay, which is the male Open Era record for consecutive wins on a single surface. He then rebounded tae win the [[2007 French Open – Men's Singles|French Open]] for the third straucht year, defeatin Federer ance again in the feenal. Atween the tournaments in Barcelona an Rome, Nadal defeatit Federer in the "[[Battle o Surfaces]]" exhibeetion match in Mallorca, Spain, wi the tennis court bein hauf [[grass court|grass]] an hauf clay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thebattleofsurfaces.com/ |title=The Battle of Surfaces |accessdate=4 April 2007 |archive-date=2019-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124221707/http://www.thebattleofsurfaces.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal played the [[Artois Championships]] at the [[Queen's Club]] in Lunnon for the seicont consecutive year. As in 2006, Nadal wis upset in the quarterfeenals. Nadal then won consecutive five-set matches during the third an fowert roonds o [[2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon]] afore bein beaten bi Federer in the five-set feenal. This wis Federer's first five-set match at Wimbledon syne 2001.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/6280788.stm|title=Wimbledon 2007|publisher=BBC Sport |first=Caroline|last=Cheese|date=7 July 2007|accessdate=13 November 2008}}</ref> In Julie, Nadal won the clay court [[Mercedes Cup]] in [[Stuttgart]], which proved tae be his last teetle o the year. He played three important tournaments during the North American summer haurd court saison. He wis a semifeenaleet at the Masters Series [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] in Montreal afore losin his first match at the [[Western & Southern Financial Group Masters]] in [[Cincinnati]]. He wis the seicont-seedit player at the [[2007 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], but wis defeatit in the fowert roond bi [[David Ferrer]]. Efter a month-lang break frae tournament tennis, Nadal played the [[Madrid Masters|Mutua Madrileña Masters]] in Madrid an the [[BNP Paribas Masters]] in Paris. [[David Nalbandian]] upset him in the quarterfeenals an feenal o those tournaments. Tae end the year, Nadal won twa o his three roond robin matches tae advance tae the semifeenals o the [[Tennis Masters Cup]] in Shanghai, whaur Federer defeatit him in straucht sets. During the seicont hauf o the year, Nadal battled a knee injury suffered during the Wimbledon feenal. In addition, thare war rumors at the end o the year that the fit injury he suffered during 2005, caused lang-term damage, which war gien credence bi coach [[Toni Nadal]]'s claim that the problem wis "serious". Nadal an his spokesman strangly denied this, houiver, wi Nadal himsel calling the story "totally false".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7117076.stm|title=Nadal plays down foot injury fear |work=BBC Sport Tennis|first=Piers|last= Newbury|date=28 November 2007|accessdate =11 February 2009 }}</ref> === 2008: French Open, Wimbledon, Olympic Gold & ascent to No. 1 === {{Main|2008 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal began the year in Indie, whaur he wis comprehensively beaten bi [[Mikhail Youzhny]] in the feenal o the [[Chennai Open]]. Nadal then reached the semifeenals o the [[2008 Australian Open|Australian Open]] for the first time. [[Jo-Wilfried Tsonga]] defeatit Nadal in the semifeenal o 2008 Australian Open. Nadal an aa reached the feenal o the [[2008 Miami Masters|Miami Masters]] for the seicont time. During the spring clay-court saison, Nadal won fower singles teetles an defeatit Roger Federer in three feenals. He beat Federer at the [[2008 Monte Carlo Masters|Masters Series Monte Carlo]] for the third straucht year, capturing his [[Open Era]] record fowert consecutive teetle thare. He won in straucht sets, despite Federer's holding a 4–0 lead in the seicont set.<ref name="therivalry">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/Rivalries/Nadal-Federer-Rivalry.aspx|title= Roger & Rafa: The Rivalry|date=14 March 2013|publisher=ATPtennis.com|accessdate=11 April 2013}}</ref> Nadal then won his fowert consecutive teetle at the [[2008 Torneo Godó|Open Sabadell Atlántico]] tournament in [[Barcelona]]. A few weeks later, Nadal won his first teetle at the [[2008 Hamburg Masters|Masters Series Hamburg]], defeatin Federer in the three-set feenal. He then won the [[2008 French Open|French Open]], acomin the fift man in the [[Open Era]] tae win a Grand Slam singles teetle wioot losin a set.<ref>{{cite news | title = Men's Grand Slam Titles Without Losing A Set | url = http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/09/sports/TEN-Mens-Grand-Slam-Titles-No-Lost-Sets.php | agency=Associated Press | work=International Herald Tribune. Sports | date=9 June 2008 | accessdate =9 August 2008}}</ref> He defeatit Federer in the feenal for the third straucht year, but this wis the maist lopsided o aw thair matches, as Nadal anly lost fower gemmes an gae Federer his first [[Tennis terminology#B|bagel]] syne 1999.<ref name="therivalry"/> This wis Nadal's fowert consecutive French teetle, tying [[Björn Borg]]'s aw-time record. Nadal acame the fowert male player during Open era tae win the same Grand Slam singles tournament fower consecutive years (the others bein Borg, [[Pete Sampras]], an Federer). [[File:236 - Centre Court - R Nadal.JPG|thumb|left|Nadal against [[Andreas Beck (tennis)|Andreas Beck]] in the [[2008 Wimbledon Championships]] first roond]] Nadal then played Federer in the feenal o [[2008 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] for the third consecutive year, in the maist anticipatit match o [[Federer–Nadal rivalry|thair rivalry]].<ref name="wim2008pre">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2008/07/05/wimbledon-federer-nadal.html|title= Federer, Nadal set for Wimbledon showdown|agency=Associated Press| work=CBCSport|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=5 June 2008| accessdate=11 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="nadaledge">{{cite web| url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=ubha_ravi&id=3473804|title= Nadal enters Wimbledon final with clear mental edge|first= Ravi |last= Ubha |publisher=ESPN |date=5 June 2008| accessdate=11 February 2009 }}</ref> Nadal entered the feenal on a 23-match winning streak, includin his first career grass-court teetle at the [[2008 Queen's Club Championships - Singles|Artois Championships]] staged at the [[Queen's Club]] in Lunnon prior tae Wimbledon. Federer haed won his record fift grass-court teetle at the [[2008 Gerry Weber Open|Gerry Weber Open]] in [[Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia|Halle]], an then reached the Wimbledon feenal wioot losin a set. Unlik thair previous twa Wimbledon feenals, tho, Federer wis nae the prohibitive favorite, an mony analysts picked Nadal tae win.<ref name="nadaledge"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/blog/index?entryID=3474615&name=bodo_peter | title= Karma on Nadal's side|first= Bodo |last= Peter |publisher=ESPN |date=5 June 2008| accessdate=11 February 2009}}</ref> Thay played the langest (in terms o time on coort, nae in terms o nummers o gemmes) feenal in Wimbledon history, an acause o rain delays, Nadal won the fift set 9–7 in near-darkness. The match wis widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon feenal ever, wi some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history.<ref name="asgoodasitgets">{{cite news|work=International Herald Tribune (Associated Press)|title=Federer-Nadal rivalry as good as it gets|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/07/sports/TEN-On-Tennis-Rafa---Roger.php|date=7 July 2008|accessdate=14 February 2009|archive-date=2008-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823030306/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/07/sports/TEN-On-Tennis-Rafa---Roger.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="greatestmatchever">{{cite news|first = Bruce|last = Jenkins|title = The Greatest Match Ever|url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/06/SPP711KSLR.DTL|date = 7 July 2008|accessdate = 7 August 2008|work = The San Francisco Chronicle|archive-date = 2009-02-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211000035/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F06%2FSPP711KSLR.DTL|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="McEnroe">{{cite news | first = Richard|last= Alleyne | title = Wimbledon 2008: John McEnroe hails Rafael Nadal victory as greatest final ever | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2305019/Wimbledon-2008-John-McEnroe-hails-Rafael-Nadal-victory-as-greatest-final-ever.html|date = 7 July 2008 | accessdate =7 August 2008 | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London}}</ref><ref name="wertheimgreatest">{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html|first=Jon|last=Wertheim|title=Without a doubt, it's the greatest|work=Sports Illustrated|date=9 July 2008|accessdate=4 April 2009|archive-date=2013-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813175621/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Alistair Magowan|title=Roger v Rafa – the best final ever?| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7493099.stm|publisher=BBC Sport |date =7 July 2008| accessdate =8 July 2008}}</ref> Bi winning his first Wimbledon teetle, Nadal acame the third man in the open era tae win baith the French Open an Wimbledon in the same year, efter [[Rod Laver]] in 1969, an Borg in 1978–80, (Federer later accomplished this the follaein year) as well as the seicont [[Spaniard]] tae win Wimbledon. He an aa ended Federer's record streak o five consecutive Wimbledon teetles an 65 straucht wins on grass courts. This wis an aa the first time that Nadal won twa Grand Slam tournaments back-tae-back. Efter Wimbledon, Nadal extendit his winning streak tae a [[ATP Tour records#Winning streaks|career-best 32 matches]]. He won his seicont [[2008 Canada Masters|Rogers Cup]] teetle in Toronto, an then made it intae the semifeenals o the [[2008 Cincinnati Masters|Western & Southern Financial Group Masters]] in [[Cincinnati]]. As a result, Nadal clinched the [[2008 US Open Series|US Open Series]] an, combined wi Federer's early-roond losses in baith o those tournaments, feenally earned the [[Leet o ATP nummer 1 ranked players|warld No. 1]] ranking on 18 August, offeecially endin Federer's record fower-and-a-hauf-year reign at the tap. At the [[2008 Beijing Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Olympics]], Nadal defeatit [[Novak Djoković]] in the semifeenals an [[Fernando González]] o Chile in the feenal tae win his first Olympic gowd medal. Nadal acame the first male player ranked in the tap five tae win the gowd medal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tennis.com/news/news.aspx?id=142024|title=Nadal wins Olympic gold over Gonzalez|publisher=Tennis.com|date=17 August 2008|accessdate=5 April 2009|archive-date=2009-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615205322/http://tennis.com/news/news.aspx?id=142024|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2008 US Open (tennis)|US Open]], Nadal wis the tap-seedit player for the first time at a Grand Slam tournament. He did nae lose a set during his first three matches, defeatin qualifiers in the first an seicont roonds an [[Viktor Troicki]] in the third roond. He then needed fower sets tae defeat baith [[Sam Querrey]] in the fowert roond an [[Mardy Fish]] in the quarterfeenals. In the semifeenals, he lost tae eventual runner up, Andy Murray. Later in the year in [[Madrid]], Nadal helped Spain defeat the Unitit States in the [[Davis Cup]] semifeenals. At the [[Madrid Masters|Mutua Madrileña Masters]] in Madrid, Nadal lost in the semifeenals tae [[Gilles Simon]]. Houiver, his performance at the event guaranteed that he wad acome the first Spaniard during the open era tae finish the year as the warld No. 1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atptennis.com/1/en/2008news/nadalno1.asp|title=Nadal Clinches Year End No. 1 For First Time|publisher=ATPtennis.com|date=18 August 2008|accessdate=20 October 2008|archive-date=2008-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022030531/http://www.atptennis.com/1/en/2008news/nadalno1.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 24 October at the Campoamor theatre in [[Oviedo]], Spain, Nadal wis gien the [[Prince o Asturias Awaird]] for Sports, in recognition o his achievements in tennis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fpa.es/en/awards/2008/rafael-nadal-1/ |title=2008 Prince of Asturias Award for Sports |accessdate=5 April 2010 |publisher=Fundación Principe de Asturias |archive-date=2013-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824003930/http://www.fpa.es/en/awards/2008/rafael-nadal-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Twa weeks efter the Madrid Masters at the [[BNP Paribas Masters]] in Fraunce, Nadal reached the quarterfeenals, whaur he faced [[Nikolay Davydenko]]. Nadal lost the first set 6–1, afore retiring in the seicont wi a knee injury.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://uk.reuters.com/article/tennisNews/idUKLV49845520081031|title= UPDATE 2-Tennis-Knee injury forces Nadal to retire in Paris|first= Julien|last= Pretot|agency= Reuters|accessdate= 5 April 2009|date= 31 October 2008|archive-date= 2019-08-22|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190822004126/https://uk.reuters.com/article/tennis-men-masters-nadal/update-2-tennis-knee-injury-forces-nadal-to-retire-in-paris-idUKLV49845520081031|url-status= dead}}</ref> The follaein week, Nadal annoonced his widrawal frae the year-endin [[Tennis Masters Cup]] in Shanghai, citing [[tendinitis]] o the knee. On 10 November, Nadal widrew frae Spain's Davis Cup feenal against Argentina, as his knee injury haed nae healed completely.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://tennis.com/news/news.aspx?id=151554.asp| title=Nadal withdraws from Masters Cup| date=3 November 2008| publisher=Tennis.com| accessdate=4 November 2008| archive-date=2009-06-15| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615204253/http://tennis.com/news/news.aspx?id=151554.asp| url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2009: Australian Open title, Shocked in Paris=== {{Main|2009 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal's first offeecial ATP tour event for the year wis the [[ATP World Tour 250 series|250 series]] [[2009 Qatar Open|Qatar Open]] in [[Doha]]. Efter his first-roond match wi [[Fabrice Santoro]], Nadal wis awairdit the 2008 ATP World Tour Champion trophy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nadal, Murray, Federer Off the Mark in 2009|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2009/01/dohatuesday.aspx|date=6 January 2009|accessdate=15 June 2012|publisher=ATP World Tour}}</ref> Nadal eventually lost in the quarterfeenals tae [[Gaël Monfils]]. Nadal an aa entered an won the tournament's [[2009 Qatar Open – Doubles|doubles event]] wi pairtner [[Marc López]], defeatin the warld No. 1 doubles team o [[Daniel Nestor]] an [[Nenad Zimonjić]] in the feenal. As notit bi statistician [[Greg Sharko]], this wis the first time syne 1990 the warld No. 1 singles player haed played the warld No. 1 doubles player in a feenal.<ref>{{cite web|title=DEUCE Australian Open 2009 Shark Bites|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/DEUCE-Tennis/DEUCE-Australian-Open-2009/Shark-Bites.aspx|date=16 January 2009|accessdate=15 June 2012|first=Greg|last=Sharko|publisher=ATP World Tour}}</ref> At the [[2009 Australian Open]], Nadal won his first five matches wioot dropping a set, afore defeatin compatriot [[Fernando Verdasco]] in the semifeenals in the seicont langest match in Australian Open history at 5 oors an 14 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/aus09/columns/story?columnist=ubha_ravi&id=3871740|title=One for the record books|publisher=ESPN|first=Ravi|last=Ubha|date=30 January 2009|accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref> This win set up a championship match wi Roger Federer, thair first meetin ever in a haurd-court Grand Slam tournament an thair [[Federer–Nadal rivalry#Analysis|nineteent meetin overall]]. Nadal defeatit Federer in five sets tae earn his first haurd-court Grand Slam singles teetle,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/players/cmatch/atpn409.html|title=Rafael Nadal Completed Matches, 2009 Australian Open|publisher=[[Tennis Australia]]|date=30 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2009-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202120557/http://www.australianopen.com/en_AU/players/cmatch/atpn409.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> makin him the first Spaniard tae win the Australian Open an the fowert male tennis player—efter [[Jimmy Connors]], [[Mats Wilander]], an [[Andre Agassi]]—tae win Grand Slam singles teetles on three different surfaces. This win an aa made Nadal the first male tennis player tae haud three Grand Slam singles teetles on three different surfaces at the same time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennishead.net/on-tour/Features/2009/record-breaking-rafa-notches-up-another-first|title=Record-breaking Rafa Notches Up Another First|publisher=Tennishead|date=4 February 2009|accessdate=4 February 2009|archive-date=2009-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716191125/http://www.tennishead.net/on-tour/Features/2009/record-breaking-rafa-notches-up-another-first/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament]] in [[Rotterdam]], Nadal lost in the feenal tae seicont-seedit Andy Murray in three sets. During the feenal, Nadal cried a trainer tae attend tae a tendon problem wi his right knee, which notably affectit his play in the feenal set.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/feb/16/tennis-andy-murray-rafael-nadal |title=Murray takes title to complete hat-trick over crocked Nadal |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=16 February 2009 |accessdate=16 February 2009 | first=Simon | last=Cambers}}</ref> Awtho this knee problem wis nae associatit wi Nadal's right knee tendonitis, it wis serious eneuch tae cause him tae widraw frae the [[Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships]] a week later.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7895679.stm| title=Injured Nadal pulls out of Dubai |publisher=BBC Sport |date=19 February 2009 |accessdate=19 February 2009 }}</ref> In Mairch, Nadal helped Spain defeat Serbia in a [[Davis Cup]] World Group first-roond tie on clay in [[Benidorm]], Spain. Nadal defeatit [[Janko Tipsarević]] an Novak Djokovic. The win ower warld No. 3 Djokovic wis Nadal's twalt consecutive Davis Cup singles match win an boostit his career win–loss record against Djokovic tae 11–4, includin 6–0 on clay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nadal beats Djokovic to help Spain clinch win|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/29580139/|agency=Associated Press|publisher=NBC Sports|accessdate=13 June 2010|date=8 March 2009|archive-date=2012-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011224054/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/29580139/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rogers|first=Iain|title=Nadal beats Djokovic to put Spain through|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCATRE5270T420090308?sp=true|agency=Reuters|accessdate=13 June 2010|date=8 March 2009|archive-date=2012-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525063244/http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCATRE5270T420090308?sp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2009 Indian Wells Masters]], Nadal won his thirteent [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|Masters 1000]] series tournament. In the fowert roond, Nadal saved five match pynts, afore defeatin [[David Nalbandian]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Oberjuerge|first=Paul|title=Nadal Shows Why He's No. 1, and Safina Shows Why She Isn't|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/20/sports/tennis/20nadal.html|accessdate=9 July 2010|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 March 2009}}</ref> Nadal defeatit [[Juan Martín del Potro]] in the quarterfeenals an [[Andy Roddick]] in the semifeenals, afore defeatin Murray in the feenal. The next ATP tour event wis the [[2009 Miami Masters]]. Nadal advanced tae the quarterfeenals, whaur he again faced Argentinian del Potro, this time losin the match. This wis the first time del Potro haed defeatit Nadal in five career matches.<ref>[http://www.atpworldtour.com/tennis/3/en/players/headtohead/?player1=Del+Potro%2C+Juan+Martin&player2=nadal Head to Head Player Details]</ref> Nadal began his European clay court saison at the [[2009 Monte Carlo Masters]], whaur he won a record fift consecutive singles teetle thare.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8007021.stm|title=Nadal seals fifth Monte Carlo win |date=19 April 2009|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=20 April 2009}}</ref> He defeatit Novak Djokovic in the feenal for his fift consecutive win, a record in the open era. Nadal is the first male player tae win the same ATP Master series event for five consecutive years. Nadal then competit in the ATP 500 event in Barcelona. He advanced tae his fift consecutive Barcelona feenal, whaur he faced David Ferrer. Nadal went on tae beat Ferrer tae record five consecutive Barcelona victories.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8019528.stm|title=Nadal storms to Barcelona victory |date=26 April 2009|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=26 April 2009}}</ref> At the [[Rome Masters]], Nadal reached the feenal, whaur he defeatit Novak Djokovic tae improve his overall record tae 13–4 an clay record tae 8–0 against the Serb.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8031729.stm|title=Nadal regains Rome Masters title |date=3 May 2009|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=6 May 2009}}</ref> He acame the first player tae win fower Rome teetles. [[File:Nadal Miami 2009 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Nadal at [[2009 Sony Ericsson Open]], Miami, Florida, United States]] Efter winning twa clay-court Masters, he participatit in the [[Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open|Madrid Open]]. He lost tae Roger Federer in the feenal. This wis the first time that Nadal haed lost tae Federer syne the semifeenals o the [[2007 Tennis Masters Cup]]. On 19 Mey, the ATP World Tour annoonced that Nadal wis the first player oot o aicht tae qualify for the [[2009 ATP World Tour Finals]], tae be played at the [[The O2 Arena (London)|O2 Arena]] in Lunnon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Herman|first=Martyn|title=Nadal seals spot for ATP season finale in London|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCATRE54I3JX20090519|agency=Reuters|accessdate=13 June 2010|date=19 May 2009|archive-date=2012-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525063306/http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCATRE54I3JX20090519|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bi beatin [[Lleyton Hewitt]] in the third roond o [[2009 French Open]], Nadal (2005–09 French Open) set a record o 31 consecutive wins at Roland Garros, beatin the previous record o 28 bi [[Björn Borg]] (1978–81 French Open). Nadal haed won 32 consecutive sets at Roland Garros (syne winning the last 2 sets at the [[2007 French Open]] feenal against Federer), the seicont-langest winning streak in the tournament's history behind Björn Borg's record o 41 consecutive sets. This run [[Söderling–Nadal match at the 2009 French Open|came tae an end on 31 Mey 2009]], whan Nadal lost tae eventual runner-up, [[Robin Söderling]] in the 4t roond. This wis Nadal's first and, until 2015, anly loss at the French Open. Efter his surprise defeat at Roland Garros, Nadal widrew frae the [[AEGON Championships]]. It wis confirmed that Nadal wis sufferin frae [[tendinitis]] in baith o his knees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=4245078 |title=Rafael Nadal has problems in both knees, will try to rehab in time for Wimbledon |publisher=ESPN |date=9 June 2009 |accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref> On 19 Juin, Nadal widrew frae the 2009 Wimbledon Championship, citing his recurring knee injury.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8085394.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Champion Nadal out of Wimbledon | date=19 June 2009 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> He wis the first champion nae tae defend the teetle syne [[Goran Ivanišević]] in 2001.<ref name="news.bbc.co.uk"/> Roger Federer went on tae win the teetle, an Nadal consequently dropped back tae warld No. 2 on 6 Julie 2009. Nadal later annoonced his widrawal frae the Davis Cup. On 4 August, Nadal's uncle, Toni Nadal, confirmed that Nadal wad return tae play at the [[Montreal Masters|Rogers Cup]] in Montreal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gototennisblog.com/2009/08/04/rafael-nadal-on-his-return-to-montreal-roger-federer-and-davis-cup/ |title=Rafael Nadal returns to tennis at Montreal Masters |date=4 August 2009 |work=GOTOTENNIS |accessdate=5 August 2009 |archive-date=2009-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806204201/http://www.gototennisblog.com/2009/08/04/rafael-nadal-on-his-return-to-montreal-roger-federer-and-davis-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thare, in his first tournament syne Roland Garros, Nadal lost in the quarterfeenals tae [[Juan Martín del Potro]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportinglife.com/tennis/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=tennis/09/08/15/manual_073518.html |title=Nadal Suffers Montreal Setback |date=15 August 2009 |work=Sporting Life |location=UK |accessdate=15 August 2009 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118065911/http://www.sportinglife.com/tennis/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=tennis%2F09%2F08%2F15%2Fmanual_073518.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wi this loss, he relinquished the No. 2 spot tae Andy Murray on 17 August 2009, ranking ootside the tap twa for the first time syne 25 Julie 2005. In the quarterfeenals o the [[2009 US Open – Men's Singles|US Open]] he defeatit Fernando Gonzálezin a rain-delayed encounter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8249729.stm|title=Nadal finishes Gonzalez with ease |date=12 September 2009|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=13 September 2009}}</ref> Houiver, lik his [[2008 US Open – Men's Singles|previous US Open campaign]], he fell in the semifeenals, this time losin tae eventual champion Juan Martín del Potro.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8253542.stm|title=Del Potro thrashes Nadal in semis |date=13 September 2009|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=13 September 2009}}</ref> Despite the loss, he regained the No. 2 ranking efter Andy Murray's early exit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/tennis/Tennis-Nadal-knees-hold-up.5629994.jp|title=Tennis: Nadal knees hold up as he regains No. 2 spot with victory|date=9 September 2009|work=The Edinburgh Paper|accessdate=13 September 2009|archive-date=2011-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615114206/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/tennis/Tennis-Nadal-knees-hold-up.5629994.jp|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2009 ATP World Tour Finals|World Tour Finals]], Nadal lost aw three o his matches against [[Robin Söderling]], [[Nikolay Davydenko]], an [[Novak Djokovic]] respectively wioot winning a set. In December, Nadal participatit in the seicont Davis Cup feenal o his career. He defeatit [[Tomáš Berdych]] in his first singles rubber tae gie the [[Spanish Davis Cup Team]] thair first pynt in the tie. Efter the [[Spain Davis Cup team|Spanish Davis Cup team]] haed secured its fowert [[Davis Cup]] veectory, Nadal defeatit [[Jan Hájek (tennis)|Jan Hájek]] in the first Davis Cup [[dead rubber]] o his career. The win gae Nadal his 14t consecutive singles veectory at Davis Cup (his 13t on clay). Nadal finished the year as No. 2 for the fowert time in five years. Nadal won the [[Golden Bagel Award]] for the third time in 2009, wi nine 6–0 sets during the year. In daein sae he set a new record o Awaird wins, syne matched anly bi Novak Djokovic. ===2010: Return to No. 1 and Career Grand Slam=== {{Main|2010 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal began the year bi pairteecipatin in the [[2010 Capitala World Tennis Championship|Capitala World Tennis Championship]] in [[Abu Dhabi]], Unitit Arab Emirates. He defeatit compatriot [[David Ferrer]] tae reach his seicont feenal in the exhibition tournament. In the feenal, Nadal defeatit [[Robin Söderling]] in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8437851.stm|title=Rafael Nadal wins Abu Dhabi exhibition title |date=2 January 2010|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=4 January 2010}}</ref> Nadal participatit in an Australian Open warm-up tournament, the [[2010 Qatar ExxonMobil Open|Qatar ExxonMobil Open]] ATP 250 event in Doha, whaur he lost in the feenals tae [[Nikolay Davydenko]].<ref name="bbcqatar"/><ref name="bbcqatar">{{cite news | title=Davydenko shocks Nadal in final | date=9 January 2010 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8450315.stm | work=The British Broadcasting Corporation | accessdate =9 January 2010}}</ref> In the [[2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles|Australian Open]], Nadal defeatit [[Peter Luczak]], [[Lukáš Lacko]], [[Philipp Kohlschreiber]], an [[Ivo Karlović]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8474055.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Champion Nadal reaches round four | date=22 January 2010 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> In the quarterfeenals, Nadal pulled oot at 3–0 doun in the third set against [[Andy Murray]], haein lost the first twa sets.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8478297.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Murray through after Nadal injury | date=26 January 2010 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref> Efter examining Nadal's knees, doctors told him that he should tak twa weeks o rest, an then twa weeks o rehabilitation. Nadal reached the semifeenals in singles at the [[BNP Paribas Open]] in [[Indian Wells, California|Indian Wells]], whaur he wis the defendin champion; houiver, eventual champion [[Ivan Ljubičić]] defeatit him in three sets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnpparibasopen.org/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/ATP-Saturday2-Ljubicic-Shows-Fight-In-SF-Comeback.aspx |title=Ljubicic Shows Heart in semi-final Win Over Nadal |publisher=BNP Paribas Open |date=20 March 2010 |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2010-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323001822/http://www.bnpparibasopen.org/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/ATP-Saturday2-Ljubicic-Shows-Fight-In-SF-Comeback.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> He an countryman [[Marc López|López]] won the doubles teetle, tho, as wildcard entrants against nummer ane seeds [[Daniel Nestor]] an [[Nenad Zimonjić]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnpparibasopen.org/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/ATP-Saturday2-Nadal-Lopez-Take-Doubles-Title.aspx |title=Lopez/Nadal Upset Top Seeds To Take Doubles Title |publisher=BNP Paribas Open |date=20 March 2010 |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913183003/http://www.bnpparibasopen.org/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/ATP-Saturday2-Nadal-Lopez-Take-Doubles-Title.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> This boostit his doubles ranking 175 places<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Doubles.aspx?d=22.03.2010&r=1&c=# |title=Emirates ATP Doubles Ranking on 22.03.2010 |publisher=Atpworldtour.com |accessdate=6 April 2013}}</ref> tae warld nummer 66, whauras he wis 241st afore Indian Wells.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx |title=Tennis – ATP World Tour – Tennis Players – Rafael Nadal |publisher=ATP World Tour |accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref> Efter Indian Wells, Nadal reached the semifeenals o the [[2010 Sony Ericsson Open|Sony Ericsson Open]], whaur he lost tae eventual champion [[Andy Roddick]] in three sets.<ref>{{cite news | title=Roddick edges Nadal in three sets | date=3 April 2010 | publisher=ESPN News | url =http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/news/story?id=5050939 | agency=Associated Press | accessdate =5 April 2010}}</ref> Nadal reached the feenal o the [[Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]] in Monaco, efter beatin fellae Spaniard [[David Ferrer]] in the semifeenals. This wis Nadal's first tour feenal syne [[Doha]] earlier in the year. He won the feenal in straucht sets ower his compatriot [[Fernando Verdasco]]. He lost 14 gemmes throughout aw five matches, the fewest he haed ever lost en route tae a championship, an the feenal wis the shortest Masters 1000 feenal in terms o gemmes. Wi this win, Nadal acame the first player in the open era tae win a tournament teetle for sax straucht years.<ref>{{cite news | title=Unstoppable Nadal Captures Sixth Straight Title | date=18 April 2010 | publisher=ATP World Tour | url=http://www.monte-carlorolexmasters.com/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/Sunday-Singles-Final.aspx | work=James Buddell | accessdate=18 April 2010 | archive-date=2010-04-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421003655/http://www.monte-carlorolexmasters.com/News/Tennis/2010/Tournament/Sunday-Singles-Final.aspx | url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlik in previous years, Nadal next chose tae skip the Barcelona tournament (despite bein that event's five-time defendin champion), an his next tournament wis the [[2010 Internazionali BNL d'Italia]]. He defeatit Philipp Kohlschreiber, Victor Hănescu, an Stanlias Wawrinka, aw in straucht sets, tae win his 57th straucht match in Aprile. In the semis, he faced a resilient [[Ernests Gulbis]], who defeatit Roger Federer earlier in the tournament an teuk Nadal tae three sets for the first time this clay-court saison. Nadal eventually prevailed in 2 oors an 40minutes. He then defeatit compatriot [[David Ferrer]] in the feenal for his fift teetle at Rome tae equal [[Andre Agassi]]'s record o winnin 17 ATP Masters teetles. [[File:Nadal 2010 Madrid 01.jpg|thumb|left|Nadal at the [[2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], Madrid, Spain]] Nadal then entered the [[2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]], whaur he haed finished runner-up the previous year. Bein ane o the tap aicht seeds, he received a bye in the first roond. In the seicont roond, he defeatit qualifier [[Oleksandr Dolgopolov, Jr.]] in straucht sets. He then played the sax-fit-nine-inch American [[John Isner]]. Nadal comfortably came throu in straucht sets. He defeatit [[Gaël Monfils]] in the quarterfeenals an his countryman [[Nicolás Almagro]] in the next roond, who wis playin in his first Masters 1000 semifeenal. The first set o his match against Almagro wad be juist the seicont set he lost on clay up tae this pynt in 2010. Nadal then defeatit longtime rival Roger Federer, avenging his 2009 feenals loss tae Federer. The win gae him his 18t Masters teetle, breaking the aw-time record. He acame the first player tae win aw three clay-court Masters teetles in a single year an the first player tae win three consecutive Masters events. Nadal moved back tae No. 2 the follaein day. Entering the [[2010 French Open|French Open]], mony war expecting anither Nadal-Federer feenal. Houiver, this acame impossible whan rival Robin Söderling defeatit Federer in the quarterfeenals.<ref>{{cite news | title=Soderling Stuns Federer For Semi-final Berth; Battle For No. 1 Intensifies | date=1 June 2010 | publisher=ATP World Tour | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/05/Roland-Garros/Roland-Garros-Tuesday2-Soderling-Stuns-Federer.aspx | work=James Buddell | accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref> The failure o Federer tae reach the semifeenals allowed Nadal tae regain the warld No. 1 ranking if he war tae win the tournament. Nadal advanced tae the feenal an defeatit Soderling. The win gae Nadal his seivent Grand Slam tournament teetle, tying him wi [[John McEnroe]], [[John Newcombe]], an [[Mats Wilander]] on the aw-time leet, an allaed Nadal tae reclaim the poseetion o warld No. 1, denyin his biggest rival [[Roger Federer]] the aw-time record for weeks at No. 1.<ref>{{cite news | title=Nadal Sets Up Soderling Re-Match; Bidding For Fifth Title & Return To No. 1 | date=4 June 2010 | publisher=ATP World Tour | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/05/Roland-Garros/Roland-Garros-Friday-2-Nadal-Eyes-Fifth-Title.aspx | work=James Buddell | accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Nadal Reclaims No. 1 Ranking With Fifth Roland Garros Title | date=6 June 2010 | publisher=ATP World Tour | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/05/Roland-Garros/Roland-Garros-Final-Nadal-Wins-Fifth-Title.aspx | work=ATP Staff | accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref> Bi this win, Nadal acame the first man tae win the three Masters series on clay an the French Open. The veectory at Roland Garros merked the seicont time (2008) that Nadal haed won the French Open wioot dropping a single set (tying the record held bi Björn Borg). Wi the win in Paris he an aa booked his place at the [[2010 ATP World Tour Finals|World Tour Finals]] in Lunnon an acame the first player tae win five French Open teetles in sax years. In Juin, Nadal entered the [[AEGON Championships]], which he haed won in 2008, at the prestigious [[Queen's Club]]. He played singles an doubles at this grass court tournament as a warmup for Wimbledon. Bein ane o the tap aicht seeds, he received a bye in the first roond. In the seicont roond, whaur he played his first match on grass syne winning Wimbledon 2008, he defeatit [[Marcos Daniel]]. In the third roond, he played [[Denis Istomin]] o Uzbekistan, whom he defeatit tae advance tae the quarterfeenals. Houiver, he wis defeatit bi compatriot [[Feliciano López]]. At the [[2010 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon Championships]], Nadal beat [[Kei Nishikori]] an [[Robin Haase]] in the openin roonds. He defeatit [[Philipp Petzschner]] in the third roond, winning efter five sets o play. During his match wi Petzschner, Nadal wis warned twice for allegedly receivin coachin frae his coach an uncle, [[Toni Nadal]], resultin in a $2000 fine bi Wimbledon officials.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon10/news/story?id=5337651|title=Nadal fined for receiving coaching|publisher=ESPN |agency=Associated Press|date=28 June 2010|accessdate=15 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brooks|first=Xan|title=Wimbledon 2010: Rafael Nadal v Tomáš Berdych – as it happened|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/jul/04/wimbledon-2010-rafael-nadal-tomas-berdych|date=4 July 2010|accessdate=6 June 2010|location=London|work=The Guardian|quote=During the final match at Wimbledon 2010 between Nadal and Tomáš Berdych, someone, allegedly Toni Nadal, yelled "I love you, Rafa!"}}</ref> He defeatit [[Paul-Henri Mathieu]] o Fraunce in the roond o 16 an in the quarterfeenals, he beat Robin Söderling o Swaden in fower sets. He defeatit Andy Murray in straucht sets tae reach his fowert Wimbledon feenal. Nadal won the [[2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|2010 Wimbledon men's title]] bi defeatin [[Tomáš Berdych]] in straucht sets. Efter the win, Nadal said that winning Wimbledon wis "more than a dream" for him, an thanked the crowd for bein baith kynd an supportive tae him an his adversary during the match an in the semifeenal against Andy Murray.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gkNZrTZDvv_4f2PAU2cXA-kRxarg|title=AFP: Nadal reclaims Wimbledon crown in style|last=Millard|first=Robin|date=4 July 2010|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=4 July 2010|archive-date=2010-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707095210/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gkNZrTZDvv_4f2PAU2cXA-kRxarg|url-status=dead}}</ref> The win gae him a seicont Wimbledon teetle an an aicht career major teetle<ref name="BBC-8784861">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8784861.stm|title=Wimbledon 2010: Rafael Nadal beats Berdych in final|date=4 July 2010|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=4 July 2010|first=Piers|last=Newbery}}</ref> juist past the age o 24.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://thetennistimes.com/rafael-nadal-2010-wimbledon-champion/ | work=The Tennis Times | title=Tennis News: Nadal is Champion Again! | date=22 January 2010 | accessdate=22 May 2010 | archive-date=2010-07-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707023650/http://thetennistimes.com/rafael-nadal-2010-wimbledon-champion/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> The win an aa gae Nadal his first "Old World Triple"; the last person tae achieve this wis [[Björn Borg]] in 1978 ("Old World Triple" is a term gien tae winning the Italian Open, French Open, an Wimbledon in the same year). In his first haurd-court tournament syne Wimbledon, Nadal advanced tae the semifeenals o the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]], alang wi No. 2 Novak Djokovic, No. 3 Roger Federer, an No. 4 Andy Murray, efter coming back frae a ane-set deficit tae defeat Philipp Kohlschreiber.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tennistalk.com/en/match_report/Rogers_Cup/2010/Rafael_Nadal_-_Philipp_Kohlschreiber|title=Nadal rallies to reach Rogers Cup semifinal|work=Tennis Talk|date=14 August 2010|accessdate=14 August 2010|archive-date=2010-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118103647/http://www.tennistalk.com/en/match_report/Rogers_Cup/2010/Rafael_Nadal_-_Philipp_Kohlschreiber|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the semifeenal, defendin champion Murray defeatit Nadal, acomin the anly player tae triumph ower the Spaniard twice in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/13761191/murray-upsets-nadal-in-rogers-cup-semifinal|title=Murray upsets Nadal in Rogers Cup semifinal|work=CBS Sports|date=14 August 2010|accessdate=14 August 2010|archive-date=2011-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911171111/http://www.cbssports.com/tennis/story/13761191/murray-upsets-nadal-in-rogers-cup-semifinal|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal an aa competit in the doubles wi Djokovic in a ane-time, heich-profile pairtnership o the warld No. 1 an No. 2, the first sic team syne the [[Jimmy Connors]] an [[Arthur Ashe]] team in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.tennisty.com/tennis-players-updates/nadal-and-djokovic-to-play-double-together/ |title=Nadal and Djokovic to play double together |publisher=News.tennisty.com |accessdate=11 December 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210527/http://news.tennisty.com/tennis-players-updates/nadal-and-djokovic-to-play-double-together/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Houiver, Nadal an Djokovic lost in the first roond tae Canadians [[Milos Raonic]] an [[Vasek Pospisil]]. The next week, Nadal wis the tap seed at the [[Cincinnati Masters]], losin in the quarterfeenals tae 2006 Australian Open feenaleet [[Marcos Baghdatis]]. At the [[2010 US Open – Men's Singles|2010 US Open]], Nadal wis the tap seed for the seicont time in three years. He defeatit [[Teymuraz Gabashvili]], [[Denis Istomin]], [[Gilles Simon]], nummer 23 seed [[Feliciano López]], nummer 8 seed [[Fernando Verdasco]], an nummer 12 seed [[Mikhail Youzhny]] aw wioot dropping a set, tae reach his first US Open feenal, acomin anly the aicht man in the Open Era tae reach the feenal o aw fower majors, an at age 24 the seicont youngest ever tae dae sae, behind anly [[Jim Courier]]. In the feenal, he defeatit [[Novak Djokovic]], which completit the [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Grand Slam|Career Grand Slam]] for Nadal; he an aa acame the seicont male efter [[Andre Agassi]] tae complete a [[Career Golden Slam]].<ref name=goldenslam>{{cite news|url=http://www.tsn.ca/tennis/story/?id=333700|title=Nadal Captures U.S. Open To Complete Career Grand Slam|publisher=The Sports Network (TSN)|date=14 September 2010|accessdate=12 June 2012|quote=Nadal...also owns an Olympic gold medal, which makes him one of only two men to corral the career Golden Slam, with the great Agassi being the other.|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109202116/http://www.tsn.ca/tennis/story/?id=333700|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal's US Open veectory meant that he an aa acame the first man tae win majors on clay, grass, an haurd court in the same year, an the first tae win the French Open, Wimbledon, an the US Open in the same year syne [[Rod Laver]] in 1969. Nadal an [[Mats Wilander]] are the anly male players tae win at least twa Grand Slams each on clay, grass, an hardcourts in thair careers.<ref name=surface/> Nadal an aa acame the first left-handed man tae win the US Open syne [[John McEnroe]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/8992563.stm|title=Rafael Nadal wins US Open to seal career Grand Slam |date=14 September 2010|publisher=BBC Sport |accessdate=14 September 2010}}</ref> Nadal's veectory an aa clinched the [[Leet o ATP number 1 ranked players|year-end No. 1 ranking]] for 2010, makin Nadal anly the third player (efter [[Ivan Lendl]] in 1989 an Roger Federer in 2009) tae regain the year-end nummer ane ranking efter haein lost it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/09/Other/Nadal-ATP-World-Tour-Champion.aspx |title=Nadal Clinches Year-End No. 1 For Second Time |publisher=Atpworldtour.com |date=16 September 2010 |accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref> [[File:Rafa Nadal 7738 2 Japan Open Tennis Tokio 2010.jpg|thumb|upright|Nadal serving in Tokyo]] Nadal began his Asian tour at the [[2010 PTT Thailand Open]] in [[Bangkok]] whaur he reached the semifeenals, losin tae compatriot [[Guillermo García-López]]. Nadal wis able tae regroup, an at the [[2010 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships]] in Tokyo (debut), he defeatit [[Santiago Giraldo]], [[Milos Raonic]], an [[Dmitry Tursunov]]. In the semifeenals against [[Viktor Troicki]], Nadal saved twa match pynts in the deciding set tiebreaker tae win it 9–7 in the end. In the feenal, Nadal comfortably defeatit [[Gaël Monfils]] for his seivent teetle o the saison. Nadal next played in the [[2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters]] in Shanghai, whaur he wis the tap seed, but lost tae warld No. 12 [[Jürgen Melzer]] in the third roond, snapping his record streak o 21 consecutive Masters quarterfeenals. On 5 November, Nadal annoonced that he wis pulling oot o the [[2010 BNP Paribas Masters|Paris Masters]] due tae tendinitis in his left shouder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/11/Other/Nadal-Withdraws-From-Paris.aspx |title=Nadal withdraws from fatigue at the Paris |publisher=Atpworldtour.com |accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref> On 21 November 2010, in Lunnon, Nadal won the [[ATP Warld Tour Awairds|Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Awaird]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nadal wins Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award|date=20 November 2010|url=http://www.tennis.com/articles/templates/news.aspx?articleid=8843|publisher=Tennis.com (Associated Press)|accessdate=20 June 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At the [[2010 ATP Warld Tour Finals]] in Lunnon, Nadal defeatit Roddick<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/atptour/8152867/ATP-World-Tour-Finals-Rafael-Nadal-defeats-Andy-Roddick-in-nervy-encounter-at-Londons-O-Arena.html|title=ATP World Tour Finals: Rafael Nadal defeats Andy Roddick in nervy encounter at London's O² Arena |accessdate=22 November 2010}}</ref> in the first match, Djokovic in the seicont match, an Berdych in the third match, tae advance tae the semifeenals for the third time in his career. This wis the first time that Nadal achieved three wins in the roond-robin stage. In the semifeenal, he defeatit Murray in a haurd-focht match tae reach his first feenal at the tournament. In anly thair seicont meetin o the year, Federer beat Nadal in the feenal. Efter the match, Nadal stated, "Roger is probably the more complete player of the world. I'm not going to say I lost that match because I was tired." This wis a reference tae his marathon veectory ower Murray on Saturday. "I tried my best this afternoon, but Roger was simply better than me."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/i-tried-my-best-roger-was-better-me |title=Nadal after end of the ATP World Tour Finals final "I tried my best, but Roger was better than me" |publisher=Rafaelnadal.com |accessdate=11 December 2010 |archive-date=2010-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218024516/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/i-tried-my-best-roger-was-better-me |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal ended the 2010 saison haein won three Grand Slams an three Masters 1000 tournaments, an haein regained the No. 1 ranking. Next up for Nadal wis a twa-match exhibition against Federer for the [[Roger Federer Foundation]]. The first match teuk place in [[Zürich]] on 21 December 2010, an the seicont in Madrid the next day. ===2011: Sixth French Open title=== {{Main|2011 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal stairtit 2011, bi pairteecipatin in the [[2011 Mubadala World Tennis Championship|Mubadala World Tennis Championship]] in [[Abu Dhabi]], Unitit Arab Emirates. He defeatit [[Tomáš Berdych]] tae reach his third feenal in the exhibition tournament. In the feenal, he won ower his main rival Roger Federer. At the [[2011 Qatar ExxonMobil Open|Qatar ExxonMobil Open]] ATP 250 event in [[Doha]], Qatar, Nadal barely struggled past his first three opponents, [[Karol Beck]], [[Lukáš Lacko]], an [[Ernests Gulbis]], citin fiver as the primary reason for his puir performance. He fell in straicht sets tae a resurgent [[Nikolay Davydenko]] in the semifeenals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.live-tennis.com/category/Tennis-News/Rafael-Nadal-struggles-with-fever-in-Doha-201101080008/|title=Rafael Nadal – Nadal struggles with fever in Doha|publisher=Live-tennis.com|date=8 January 2011|accessdate=3 June 2011|archive-date=2019-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402073346/https://www.live-tennis.com/category/tennis-news/rafael-nadal-struggles-with-fever-in-doha-201101080008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He an countryman [[Marc López|López]] won the doubles teetle bi defeatin the Italian duo [[Daniele Bracciali]] an [[Andreas Seppi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-wins-doubles-will-delay-trip-australia|title=Rafa wins doubles will delay trip australia|work=The official nadal website|date=7 January 2011|accessdate=7 January 2011|archive-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101031917/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-wins-doubles-will-delay-trip-australia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Rafael Nadal at the 2011 Australian Open14.jpg|thumb|left|Nadal at the [[2011 Australian Open]]]] In the first roond o the [[2011 Australian Open|Australian Open]], Nadal defeatit [[Marcos Daniel]]. In the seicont roond, he beat upcoming qualifier [[Ryan Sweeting]]. In the third roond, he wis testit bi emergin player [[Bernard Tomic]] o Australie, but Nadal wis victorious in straucht sets. He went on tae defeat [[Marin Čilić]] o Croatie, in the fowert roond. He suffered an apparent hamstring injury against felloae Spaniard [[David Ferrer]] early in the pair's quarterfeenal match an ultimately lost in straicht sets, sicweys endin his effort tae win fower major tournaments in a row.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gleeson|first=Michael|title=Rafa slammed: run at history falls short as Ferrer KOs ailing ace|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=27 January 2011|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/australian-open/rafa-slammed-run-at-history-falls-short-as-ferrer-kos-ailing-ace-20110126-1a5hr.html|accessdate=27 January 2011}}</ref> On 7 Februar 2011, in [[Abu Dhabi]], Unitit Arab Emirates, Nadal won the [[Laureus World Sports Award for Sportsman of the Year|Laureus World Sportsman of the Year]] for the first time, ahead o footballer [[Lionel Messi]], [[Sebastian Vettel]], Spain's [[Andres Iniesta]], [[Los Angeles Lakers|Lakers]] basketball player [[Kobe Bryant]], an [[Filipino people|Filipino]] boxer [[Manny Pacquiao]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nadal, Vonn win top Laureus awards|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/02/08/laureus.nadal.vonn.awards/index.html|date=8 February 2011|accessdate=20 June 2012|publisher=CNN|archive-date=2018-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924191932/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/02/08/laureus.nadal.vonn.awards/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mairch, Nadal helped Spain defeat Belgium in a [[2011 Davis Cup World Group]] first-roond tie on haurd indoor courts in the [[Spiroudome]] in [[Charleroi]], Belgium. Nadal defeatit [[Ruben Bemelmans]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael Nadal Wins in Davis Cup in Belgium, Gives Spain Lead|date=4 March 2011|url=http://latiNo.foxnews.com/latino/sports/2011/03/04/rafael-nadal-wins-davis-cup-belgium-gives-spain-lead/|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=4 March 2011|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-date=2011-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307092454/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/sports/2011/03/04/rafael-nadal-wins-davis-cup-belgium-gives-spain-lead/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter Spain's veectory in three matches, Nadal won a seicont dead rubber against [[Olivier Rochus]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael Nadal Wins Second Match in Davis Cup, Helps Spain Dominate Belgium|date=6 March 2011|url=http://latiNo.foxnews.com/latino/sports/2011/03/07/rafael-nadal-wins-second-match-davis-cup-helps-spain-dominate-belgium/|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=6 March 2011|publisher=Fox News Channel|archive-date=2013-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812205953/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/sports/2011/03/07/rafael-nadal-wins-second-match-davis-cup-helps-spain-dominate-belgium/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At the [[2011 BNP Paribas Open]] in [[Indian Wells, California|Indian Wells]], Nadal defeatit upcoming qualifier [[Rik de Voest]] in his first match. In the third roond, he beat qualifier Ryan Sweeting He then defeatit qualifier [[Somdev Devvarman]] in the fowert roond. In the quarterfeenals, Nadal haed a haurd time against Croatian [[Ivo Karlović]], an in the semifeenals he met Juan Martín del Potro. The last three confrontations atween the players war in favor o del Potro, but despite some difficulties, Nadal won in straucht sets. He reached his third feenal at Indian Wells, an lost against Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{cite news|title=Djokovic beats Nadal to win BNP Paribas Open|date=20 March 2011|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ap-indianwells|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=20 March 2011|archive-date=2012-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311063523/http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=ap-indianwells|url-status=dead}}</ref> The next day, Nadal an Djokovic played a friendly match in [[Bogotá]], Colombia, which Nadal won.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nadal beats Djokovic in Colombia's most important tennis match ever|date=21 March 2011|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/sports/15046-nadal-beats-djokovic-in-colombias-most-important-tennis-match-ever.html|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=21 March 2011|archive-date=2011-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325082047/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/sports/15046-nadal-beats-djokovic-in-colombias-most-important-tennis-match-ever.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal stairtit the [[2011 Sony Ericsson Open]] wi a win ower [[Kei Nishikori]] then met his compatriot [[Feliciano López]] in the third roond, whom he defeatit. In the fowert roond, he defeatit [[Alexandr Dolgopolov]]. In the quarterfeenals, Nadal haed the first real test o the tournament whan he met the warld No. 7 Tomáš Berdych, who he defeatit in three sets. In the semifeenals, Nadal met his main rival Roger Federer, thair first meetin in a semifeenal syne the [[2007 Tennis Masters Cup|2007 Masters Cup]]. Nadal won in straucht sets. For the seicont time in twa weeks, Nadal faced Novak Djokovic in the feenal. As in the Indian Wells tournament, Nadal won the first set, an Djokovic the seicont. The third set ended in a tiebreak, wi Djokovic winning.<ref>{{cite news|title=HARD FINAL IN MIAMI|date=4 April 2011|url =http://rafaelnadal.com/content/hard-final-miami|agency=Associated Press|accessdate =4 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> This wis the first time Nadal reached the feenals o Indian Wells an Miami in the same year. Nadal began his clay-court saison bi winning the [[2011 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]] wi the loss o juist ane set. Nadal defeatit [[Jarkko Nieminen]], [[Richard Gasquet]], [[Ivan Ljubičić]], an Andy Murray tae reach his seivent consecutive feenal in Monte Carlo. In the feenal, Nadal avenged his defeat bi David Ferrer in the quarterfeenals o the [[2011 Australian Open]]. He acame the first man tae win the same tournament seiven times in a row at the ATP level in the open era.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nadal won seven tournaments in a row at the ATP|date=17 April 2011|url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=17 April 2011|archive-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101024426/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal chalked up his 37th straucht win at the clay-court event, whaur he haes nae lost syne the [[2003 Monte Carlo Masters]]. It wis his 44th career teetle an 19t at a Masters event.<ref>{{cite news|title=The last loss in Monte Carlo was in 2003|date=17 April 2011|url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=17 April 2011|archive-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101024426/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis his first teetle syne winning the Japan Open. Nadal shares third place wi [[Björn Borg]] an [[Manuel Orantes]] in the leet o players wi the maist teetles on clay.<ref>{{cite news|title=NADAL WINS 7TH STRAIGHT MONTECARLO TITLE|date=17 April 2011|url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|agency=Associated Press|accessdate=17 April 2011|archive-date=2012-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101024426/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/nadal-wins-7th-straight-montecarlo-title|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juist a week later, Nadal won his saxt Barcelona Open crown, winning the [[2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell]] feenal against Ferrer in straucht sets. In daein sae, Nadal acame the first man in the open era tae hae won twa tournaments at least sax times each. Nadal wis then the leader in terms o matches won in the year, wi 29. He did nae gain ony pynts for this veectory, houiver, as anly fower ATP 500 tournaments can be countit towards a players ranking at ane time, but thay will gang intae effect 8 August 2011, whan the result o the [[2010 Legg Mason Tennis Classic]] expires.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx?t=rb|title=Ranking Breakdown Rafael Nadal|date = 9 June 2011|work= ATP Worldtour|accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref> At the [[2011 Mutua Madrid Open]] in Mey, he defeatit [[Marcos Baghdatis]], haed a walkover against [[Juan Martín del Potro]], an defeatit [[Michaël Llodra]] an Roger Federer, afore losin the feenal tae Novak Djokovic in twa sets.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/09/sports/tennis/09madrid.html|title=Djokovic Tops Nadal in Another Final|date= 8 May 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> Nadal again lost in straucht sets tae Novak Djokovic in the [[2011 Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Rome Masters final]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/may/15/novak-djokovic-rafael-nadal-rome|title=Novak Djokovic rolls on with defeat of Rafael Nadal in Rome final|date= 15 May 2011|work=The Guardian|accessdate=7 June 2011|location=London|first=Kevin|last=Mitchell}}</ref> This merked the first time that Nadal haes lost twice on clay tae the same player in a single saison.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2011-05-15-italian-open_N.htm|title=Djokovic beats Nadal in Rome in French Open warm-up|date= 17 May 2011|work=USA Today|accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> Houiver, Nadal retained his No. 1 rankin during the clay-coort saison an won his saxt French Open teetle bi defeatin Roger Federer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/french11/news/story?id=6628276|title=Rafael Nadal wins sixth French Open|date= 6 June 2011|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> During the first three roonds o Wimbledon, Nadal beat [[Michael Craig Russell|Michael Russell]], Ryan Sweeting, an [[Gilles Müller]]. He then faced Juan Martín del Potro in the fowert roond an [[Mardy Fish]] in the quarterfeenals, defeatin baith players in fower sets. His semifeenal opponent wis warld No. 4 Andy Murray. Nadal lost the first set, then won the next three. This set up a feenal against warld No. 2 Novak Djokovic, who haed beaten Nadal in aw fower o thair matches in 2011 (aw in Masters feenals). Efter dropping the third set, Djokovic defeatit Nadal in the fowert. This wis the first Grand Slam tournament feenal that Nadal haed lost tae someone ither than Roger Federer an his first loss at Wimbledon syne his five-set loss tae Federer in the 2007 feenal. The loss ended Nadal's winning streak in Grand Slam feenals at seiven, preventin him frae tying the Open-Era record o aicht victories in a row set bi [[Pete Sampras]]. Djokovic's success at the tournament an aa meant that the Serb ascended tae warld No. 1 for the first time, breaking the dominance o Federer an Nadal on the poseetion, which ane o them haed held for every week syne 2 Februar 2004. Nadal fell tae warld No. 2 in the rankings for the first time syne Juin 2010. Efter restin for a month frae a fit injury sustained during Wimbledon, he contestit the [[2011 Rogers Cup]], whaur he wis shocked bi Croatian [[Ivan Dodig]] in a third-set tiebreak. He next played in the [[2011 Western & Southern Open – Men's Singles|2011 Cincinnati Masters]], whaur he lost tae [[Mardy Fish]] in the quarterfeenals. At the [[2011 US Open – Men's Singles|2011 US Open]], Nadal defeatit [[Andrey Golubev]] in straicht sets an advanced tae the third roond efter Frenchman [[Nicolas Mahut]] retired. Efter defeatin [[David Nalbandian]] on 4 September, Nadal collapsed in his post-match press conference due tae severe cramps.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/14783093.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=Nadal collapses in front of media | date=4 September 2011}}</ref> Nadal lost tae Novak Djokovic in the feenal in fower sets. Efter the US Open, Nadal made the feenal o the [[Japan Open Tennis Championships]]. Nadal, who wis the 2010 champion, wis defeatit bi Andy Murray. At the [[Shanghai Masters]], Nadal wis tap seed wi the absence o Novak Djokovic, but wis upset in the third roond bi No. 23 ranked [[Florian Mayer]] in straucht sets. At the [[2011 ATP World Tour Finals]], Nadal wis defeatit bi Roger Federer in the roond-robin stage, in ane o the quickest matches atween the twa, lasting juist 60 minutes. In the follaein match, Nadal wis defeatit bi Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, an wis eliminatit frae the tournament. In the Davis Cup feenal in December, Nadal haed a quick straucht-set win ower [[Juan Mónaco]] in his first match. In his seicont match against Juan Martín del Potro, Nadal did nae win a single service gemme in the first set but came back tae win the match.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daviscup.com/en/home.aspx |title=Davis Cup site |publisher=Daviscup.com |accessdate=8 June 2012 |archive-date=2012-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608021306/http://www.daviscup.com/en/home.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal ended his tennis saison wi the [[2011 Mubadala World Tennis Championship (December)|Mubadala World Tennis Championship]], an exhibeetion tournament nae affiliatit wi the ATP. The tournament, normally held in early Januar, wis held frae 29 tae 31 December 2011. Nadal haed a bye intae the semifeenals an played against David Ferrer, who defeatit Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the quarterfeenals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mubadalawtc.com/NewsDetails/11-12-28/LEGENDS_LOOK_FORWARD_TO_MUBADALA_WORLD_TENNIS_CHAMPIONSHIP_FOR_THE_START_OF_GLOBAL_TENNIS_SEASON.aspx|title=Legends Look Forward to Mubadala World Tennis Championship for the Start of Global Tennis Season|date=28 December 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> Ferrer won the match in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mubadalawtc.com/NewsDetails/11-12-30/DJOKOVIC_DOMINATES_TO_SECURE_PLACE_IN_FINAL_AGAINST_IMPRESSIVE_FERRER.aspx|title=Djokovic dominates to secure place in final against impressive Ferrer|date=30 December 2011|access-date=2015-06-03|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114134639/http://www.mubadalawtc.com/NewsDetails/11-12-30/DJOKOVIC_DOMINATES_TO_SECURE_PLACE_IN_FINAL_AGAINST_IMPRESSIVE_FERRER.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal wis then relegatit tae the third place match against Roger Federer. Nadal won in straucht sets. ===2012: Seventh French Open title=== {{Main|2012 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} [[File:Nadal Monte Carlo 2012.JPG|thumb|right|Nadal during the finals of the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]] Nadal began his ATP World Tour saison at the [[2012 Qatar Open|Qatar Open]]. He beat [[Philipp Kohlschreiber]] an qualifier [[Denis Gremelmayr]] in roonds ane an twa an then won against seivent-seedit [[Mikhail Youzhny]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/tennis/news?slug=reu-mendoha|title=Federer and Nadal stay on course for final showdown|publisher=Yahoo Sports|date=5 January 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the semifeenal he lost tae Gaël Monfils in twa sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news?slug=ap-qataropen|title=Monfils tops Nadal, faces Tsonga in final|date=6 January 2012|publisher=Yahoo Sports|access-date=2015-06-03|archive-date=2003-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030213071930/http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news?slug=ap-qataropen|url-status=dead}}{{failed verification|date=April 2012}}</ref> In the [[2012 Australian Open|Australian Open]] Nadal began the tournament bi breezing past qualifier [[Alex Kuznetsov]] o Unitit States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news?slug=ap-australianopen-nadal|title=Nadal eases to 1st-round win at Australian Open|date=16 January 2012|publisher=Yahoo Sports}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The seicont roond against [[Tommy Haas]], who haes never won a set against Rafael, wis tighter, but Nadal again advanced in three straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/ten/news?slug=afp-tennis_aus_open_men_20120118|title=Nadal beats Haas as Federer puts feet up at Aussie Open|date=18 January 2012|publisher=Yahoo Sports}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He defeatit Feliciano López in the fowert roond, then won in his quarterfeenal an semifeenal matches against Tomáš Berdych an Roger Federer respectively. Bi daein sae, he haes reached the feenals o aw fower majors consecutively. In the feenal, on 29 Januar, he wis beaten bi Novak Djokovic in a five-set match that lastit 5 oors an 53 minutes, the langest ever match for a Grand Slam teetle. The pair set a new warld record, breaking the latest langest major singles feenal atween Mats Wilander an Ivan Lendl, which lastit 4 oors an 54 minutes, at the US Open in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/aus12/story/_/id/7515950/2012-australian-open-novak-djokovic-outlasts-rafael-nadal-longest-grand-slam-final|title=Longest Men's Singles Championship Final|date=30 January 2012|publisher=ESPN Sports}}</ref> Nadal made it tae the semifeenals in [[2012 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]], whaur he wis beaten in straucht sets bi eventual champion Roger Federer. He an aa made the semifeenals in [[Sony Ericsson Open|Miami]], but widrew acause o knee problems. As the clay court saison stairtit, Nadal wis seedit 2nt at the [[2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]]. He defeatit Jarkko Nieminen, Mikhael Kukushkin, [[Stanislas Wawrinka]], an [[Gilles Simon]] afore topping warld No. 1 Novak Djokovic tae win his 8t consecutive Monte Carlo trophy. This ended a streak o seiven straucht feenal losses tae Djokovic, which began at the 2011 Indian Wells Masters feenal. A day efter the Monte Carlo Masters Final, Nadal traveled tae Barcelona whaur he received a bye in the first roond. His tremendous record on clay continued as he beat compatriot David Ferrer in a haurd focht feenal tae clinch his seivent teetle in aicht years at the Barcelona Open. The [[Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open]] did nae gang very well for Nadal. He beat Nikolay Davydenko, ane o the few players tae haud a positive heid tae heid record ower Nadal, in straucht sets. He then lost tae [[Fernando Verdasco]], who he held a 13–0 record against in the third roond 7–5 in the third, efter blowing a 4–0 feenal set lead. Nadal statit that he wis very unhappy wi the new blue-coloured clay an threatened nae tae attend in the future if the surface wis nae changed back tae red clay. Several ither players (sic as Novak Djokovic) voiced seemilar criticism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.incyprus.com.cy/en-gb/tennis/4172/27612/stars-not-happy-with-madrid |title=Stars not happy with Madrid |publisher=Incyprus.com.cy |date=11 May 2012 |accessdate=24 November 2012 |archive-date=2013-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825034412/http://www.incyprus.com.cy/en-gb/tennis/4172/27612/stars-not-happy-with-madrid |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the last tournament afore the French Open, Nadal went tae the Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome. He advanced tae his 7t feenal efter defeatin Florian Mayer, Marcel Granollers, Tomáš Berdych, an David Ferrer aw in straucht sets, setting up anither feenals showdown wi World nummer ane Novak Djokovic. Nadal defeatit Djokovic in a tight straucht sets encounter. This wis his seicont veectory ower Novak Djokovic in 2012 an his third teetle o the saison, as well as his 6t Rome teetle overall. At the [[2012 French Open]], Nadal dropped anly 30 gemmes against his first five opponents, wioot losin a set. In the semifeenal he faced a friend an compatriot in David Ferrer. Unlik thair previous twa encounters in Barcelona an Rome, Nadal showed awmaist no flaws, dismantling Ferrer tae set up anither championship teetle fecht wi warld No. 1 Novak Djokovic. This merked the first time whaur twa opposing players faced ilk ither in fower consecutive Grand Slam tournament feenals. Thay an aa acame the anly players tae hae faced the same opponent in the feenals o aw fower Majors. Nadal won the first twa sets afore Djokovic claimed the third. Play wis suspended in the fowert set due tae rain. When the match resumed the follaein day, Nadal won whan Djokovic dooble faultit on match pynt, sealing a record 7t Roland Garros teetle for Nadal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCABRE85A0LW20120611?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true|title=Nadal wins record seventh French Open|agency=Reuters|first=Toby|last=Davis|date=11 June 2012|accessdate=11 June 2012|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105222136/http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCABRE85A0LW20120611?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> Throughout the tournament, Nadal lost anly ane set, occurring in the feenal. Bi winning his seivent teetle<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/french-open-2012/top-stories/Rafael-Nadal-beats-Novak-Djokovic-to-win-record-seventh-French-Open-title/articleshow/14026658.cms|title=Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic to win record seventh French Open title|date=11 June 2012 | work=The Times of India}}</ref> at Roland Garros, Nadal surpassed Borg's overall teetles record<ref name=RG7>{{cite news|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2012/06/23/Roland-Garros-Final-Nadal-Beats-Djokovic-To-Make-History.aspx|title=Nadal Tops Djokovic To Break Borg's Paris Record|publisher=ATP World Tour|date=11 June 2012|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> tae acome the maist successfu tennis player in French Open history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18395750|title=Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic to win seventh French Open|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Mike|last=Henson|date=11 June 2012|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> Nadal anly lost a tot o three sets in the 2012 clay court saison. In his first grass court tournament o the saison at [[2012 Gerry Weber Open – Singles|Halle]], Nadal advanced tae quarterfeenals, whaur he lost tae Philipp Kohlschreiber.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Rafael-Nadal-bombs-out-in-quarterfinals-at-Halle/articleshow/14152923.cms|title= Rafael Nadal bombs out in quarterfinals at Halle|date=15 June 2012 | work=The Times of India}}</ref> At [[2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon]], Nadal beat [[Thomaz Bellucci]] in the first roond. He then met [[Lukáš Rosol]] in the seicont roond, a player who wis then ranked 100th in the warld an haed never advanced beyond the first qualifying roond in his five previous Wimbledons. In ane o the biggest upsets in Grand Slam history, Rosol defeatit Nadal in five sets. This wis the first time syne the [[2005 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon 2005]] championships that Nadal haed failed tae progress past the 2nt roond o a Grand Slam tournament.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rafael Nadal falls to shock Wimbledon defeat by Lukas Rosol|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18627648|accessdate=28 June 2012|publisher=BBC News|date=28 June 2012}}</ref> In Julie 2012, Nadal widrew frae the 2012 Olympics due tae [[tendinitis]] in his knee, which subsequently an aa led tae him pulling oot o baith the Rogers Cup an Cincinnati Masters. On 15 August, Nadal annoonced his widrawal frae the US Open in New York, as he felt he still wis nae healthy eneuch tae compete.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/354475/Rafa-Nadal-withdraws-from-Paris-and-London-tournaments|title= Nadal withdraws from Paris and London tournaments|accessdate=26 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/news/tennis/2012/07/features/london-olympics-nadal-pulls-out-with-injury.aspx|title=Reigning Champion Nadal Withdraws From London Olympics|accessdate=19 July 2012}}</ref> On 11 September 2012, Nadal fell tae a warld No. 4 ranking, his lowest syne 2010, as 2012 US Open winner Andy Murray climbed tae No. 3.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livetennisguide.com/2012/09/11/rafael-nadal-falls-as-andy-murray-climbs-in-atp-rankings/ |title=Rafael Nadal falls, as Andy Murray climbs in ATP Rankings |publisher=Livetennisguide.com |accessdate=24 November 2012 |archive-date=2017-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171825/http://www.livetennisguide.com/2012/09/11/rafael-nadal-falls-as-andy-murray-climbs-in-atp-rankings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal ended 2012 ranked No. 4 in the warld, the first time in aicht years that he haes nae been ranked 1st or 2nt at the end o the year. ===2013: Eighth French Open, second US Open title, return to No. 1=== {{Main|2013 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Twa weeks prior tae the [[2013 Australian Open]], Nadal offeecially widrew frae the tournament citing a painch virus.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/8786752/rafael-nadal-pulls-australian-open-due-virus | title=Rafael Nadal out of Aussie Open | publisher=ESPN | date=28 December 2012 | accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> Nadal's widrawal subsequently saw him drop oot o the ATP's Tap Four for the first time syne 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-28/nadal-out-of-top-four-serena-williams-rises-on-rankings |title=Nadal Out of Top Four, Serena Williams Rises on Rankings |date=28 January 2013 |work=Business Week}}</ref> Playin in his first tournaments in South Americae syne 2005, Nadal made his comeback at the Latin American [[Golden Swing]], stairtin his 2013 saison at the [[2013 VTR Open]] in Chile,<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Patrice|title=Rafael Nadal Smart to Make Long-Awaited Return on Clay at 2013 ATP VTR Open|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1506335-rafael-nadal-smart-to-make-long-awaited-return-on-clay-at-2013-atp-vtr-open|publisher=Bleacher Report|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> whaur he advanced tae the feenal wioot dropping a set but wis beaten bi Argentine warld No. 73 journeyman [[Horacio Zeballos]]. He an aa lost in the doubles feenal (wi Juan Mónaco). At the [[2013 Brasil Open]], at [[São Paulo]], Nadal struggled in the openin roonds, dropping sets tae Berlocq an qualifier Alund. Despite the poor clay surface, which wis the subject o player complaints, he reached the feenal, whaur he defeatit David Nalbandian.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/21036474| title=Rafael Nadal to make comeback from knee injury at Brazil Open | work=BBC Sport | date=15 January 2013 | accessdate=27 January 2013}}</ref> In the teetle match o the [[2013 Abierto Mexicano Telcel]] in Acapulco, Nadal defeatit warld No. 4 David Ferrer, losin juist twa gemmes in the match. Nadal then returned tae the American haurd courts efter a year, playin the [[2013 BNP Paribas Open – Men's Singles|Indian Wells Masters]] as the fift seed. He lost anly ane set, an defeatit warld No. 2 [[Roger Federer]] an warld No. 6 [[Tomáš Berdych]] in the matches leadin up tae the feenal. Nadal recovered frae bein ane set doun in the feenal, tae defeat Juan Martín del Potro. This wis his third Indian Wells Masters teetle an his first hardcourt teetle syne October 2010, an made Nadal the player wi the maist Masters 1000s wins. Efter widrawing frae Miami, Nadal attemptit tae defend his teetle at the [[2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters]], but, despite reachin the feenal for the ninth consecutive year, he wis beaten bi Djokovic in straucht sets. He then won at the [[2013 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell]] ower Almagro, in straucht sets. This wis his 8t veectory thare, makin him the first man tae win twa different tournaments aicht or mair times each. It wis an aa his fowert teetle o the saison, an his saxt consecutive feenal. Nadal won his 23rd ATP Masters 1000 tournament at the [[2013 Mutua Madrid Open]], beatin Wawrinka, despite previously haein been twa pynts frae defeat in his quarterfeenal against David Ferrer. The blue clay that haed troubled him the previous year thare haed been exchanged for the traditional red clay. In Mey, he won his record 24t Masters 1000 teetle, beatin Roger Federer for his 7t championship at the [[2013 Rome Masters]]. It wis his 6t teetle o the saison an his aicht consecutive feenal. Thir victories raised his ranking tae warld No. 4. Nadal won the [[2013 French Open]] efter beatin Djokovic in the [[Big Four (tennis)#2013 French Open semifinal|semifinal]] an Ferrer in the feenal. His match wi Djokovic wis widely considered ane o the greatest clay court matches ever played, as Nadal came back frae doun a break in the fift set tae tak oot a haurd-focht 4-oor, 37-minute veectory. Houiver, acause o the nuances o how rankings are calculatit (includin an improvement in performance bi the then warld No. 5 David Ferrer at the French Open), Nadal's warld ranking dropped frae No. 4 tae No. 5, wi Ferrer replacing him at No. 4. Nadal then lost his first-roond match at the [[2013 Wimbledon Championships]] in straucht sets tae unseedit Belgian [[Steve Darcis]] (ranked No. 135), makin it the seicont time in a row he failed tae reach the third roond at Wimbledon an the first ever time Nadal haed lost in the first roond o a Grand Slam. Darcis is the lowest-ranked player ever tae beat Nadal in a Grand Slam tournament. In August 2013, Nadal won the semifeenal match in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fowert [[Canadian Open (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] teetle.<ref name="CO2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2013/08/32/Montreal-Saturday-Djokovic-Nadal.aspx |title=Nadal Edges Djokovic In Montreal Thriller, Faces Raonic in Final |publisher=ATP World Tour |date=30 September 2011 |accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref> Nadal proceeded tae win the teetle efter beatin [[Milos Raonic]] in the feenal in straucht sets. This wis Nadal's 25t Masters 1000 teetle an third teetle at the Canadian Open.<ref name="TGaM">{{cite web|author=Canada |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/more-sports/rafael-nadal-dominates-milos-raonic-in-rogers-cup-final/article13704194/ |title=Rafael Nadal dominates Milos Raonic in Rogers Cup final |publisher=Theglobeandmail.com |date=11 August 2013 |accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref> He won his 26t ATP Masters 1000 in Cincinnati on Sunday 18 August efter beatin [[John Isner]] in the feenal.<ref name="ESPN Cinc"/> Nadal concluded a brilliant North American haurd court saison wi his 4t haurd court teetle o the year, defeatin Djokovic at the [[2013 US Open (tennis)|2013 US Open]] feenal in fower sets, bringin his Slam count tae 13 an giein Nadal a male tennis record paycheck o $3.6 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Newbery |first=Piers |title=Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic to win second US Open title |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/24027678 |work=BBC Sport |date=10 September 2013 |accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Not the real prizemoney: Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams lament tax impact on record purse |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/not-the-real-prizemoney-rafael-nadal-and-serena-williams-lament-tax-impact-on-record-purse-20130910-2thqc.html |accessdate=19 July 2014 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=10 September 2013}}</ref> Later in September, Nadal helped Spain secure thair Davis Cup World Group Playoff spot for 2014, wi a veectory against Sergiy Stakhovsky an a doubles win wi Marc Lopez. In October, he reached the feenal o the [[China Open (tennis)|China Open]], guaranteeing he wad acome warld nummer ane for the third time efter losin it in Julie 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rafael Nadal reaches China Open final to become world number one |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/24409808 |work=BBC Sport |date=5 October 2013 |accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> In the feenal, he wis beaten bi Djokovic in straucht sets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Novak Djokovic beats Rafael Nadal in China Open final |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/24418035 |work=BBC Sport |date=6 October 2013 |accessdate=10 June 2014}}</ref> At the [[2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters]], Nadal reached the semi-feenals but wis defeatit bi Del Potro. In November 2013, Nadal played his feenal event o the saison in Lunnon at the [[2013 ATP Warld Tour Finals]] whaur he secured the year end Warld Nummer Ane spot. Nadal beat David Ferrer, Stanislas Wawrinka an Tomáš Berdych in the Roond Robin stage tae set up a semi feenal an veectory ower Roger Federer. Nadal met Djokovic in the feenal, losin in straicht sets. ===2014: Ninth French Open title & struggles with form=== {{Main|2014 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} [[File:IBI14 Rafa Nadal.jpg|thumb|Nadal during a press conference at the [[2014 Internazionali BNL d'Italia]]]] Rafael Nadal began his 2014 saison at the [[2014 Qatar ExxonMobil Open – Singles|Qatar Open]] in Doha, defeatin [[Lukáš Rosol]] in the first roond<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-01/nadal-evens-the-ledger-against-rosol-in-doha/5180650?section=sport Rafael Nadal beats Czech Republic player Lukas Rosol to advance to second round of Qatar Open], ''ABC Grandstand Sport (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)'', 1 January 2014</ref> an he won the teetle efter defeatin [[Gaël Monfils]] in the feenal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rafael Nadal beats Gael Monfils to win Qatar title |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/25606655 |accessdate=19 July 2014 |work=BBC Sport |date=4 January 2014}}</ref> It wis annoonced in Februar 2014 that "After compiling one of the greatest comeback seasons on the ATP World Tour in 2013, World No. 1 Rafael Nadal is a contender to be nominated for the Laureus World Comeback of the Year Award."<ref>{{cite news | title = Nadal a Possible Nominee for Laureus Award | url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/02/8/Nadal-Laureus-Nomination.aspx | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222171023/http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2014/02/8/Nadal-Laureus-Nomination.aspx | archivedate = 22 February 2014 | publisher = ATP | accessdate = 22 February 2014 }}</ref> At the [[2014 Australian Open - Men's Singles|Australian Open]], he defeatit [[Roger Federer]] tae reach his third Australian Open feenal, improving his career record against Federer tae 23–10. This merked Nadal's 11t consecutive veectory in a Major semifeenal (seicont anly tae Borg's aw-time record o 14), an advanced him tae his 19t Major feenal, tyin him wi Lendl for seicont aw-time behind Federer's 24. It an aa merked Nadal's saxt consecutive veectory ower Federer in a Major. In the feenal, he faced [[Stanislas Wawrinka]], against whom he entered the match wi a 12-0 record, haein won aw o thair previous 26 sets. Efter losin the first set, Nadal suffered a back injury doun 2-0 in the seicont set, an awtho he won a set, he lost the match in fower sets. The first tournament he played efter that wis the inaugural [[2014 Rio Open – Men's Singles|Rio Open]] which he won efter defeatin [[Alexandr Dolgopolov]] in the feenal extendin his record o ATP 500 teetles tae 15. Houiver, at the [[2014 BNP Paribas Open – Men's Singles|Indian Wells Masters]], Dolgopolov wad avenge his loss, defeatin Nadal in three sets in the third roond. He reached the feenal o the [[2014 Sony Open Tennis – Men's Singles|Miami Masters]] afore fawin tae [[Novak Djokovic]] in straucht sets. Nadal began his clay court saison wi a quarterfeenal loss tae [[David Ferrer]] in the [[2014 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles|Monte-Carlo Masters]]. He wis stunned bi [[Nicolas Almagro]] in the quarterfeenals o the [[2014 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell – Singles|Barcelona Open]]. Nadal won the [[2014 Mutua Madrid Open – Men's Singles|Madrid Open]] efter [[Kei Nishikori]] retired in the third set.<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> On 8 Juin 2014, Nadal defeatit Novak Djokovic in the Men's Singles [[2014 French Open – Men's Singles|French Open final]] tae win his 9t French Open teetle an a 5t straicht win at Roland Garros. Nadal dropped the first set but came back in the gemme tae win the next three sets tae lift the trophy. Nadal equaled Pete Sampras' tot o 14 Grand Slam wins, the seicont heichest nummer o single [[Leet o Grand Slam men's singles champions|Grand Slam titles]] efter Roger Federer.<ref name="2014 French open">{{cite news |last1=Newbery |first1=Piers |title=Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic to win ninth French Open title |url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/tennis/27753534 |date=8 June 2014 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nadal lost in the seicont roond o the [[2014 Gerry Weber Open – Singles|Halle Open]] tae [[Dustin Brown (tennis)|Dustin Brown]] the follaein week.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/story/_/id/11070600/rafael-nadal-falls-halle-1st-match-french |title=Rafael Nadal ousted in Halle |date=12 June 2014 |accessdate=14 June 2014 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Nadal then entered the [[2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles|Wimbledon Championships]] in a bid tae win the tournament for the third time an tae win his 15t Grand Slam teetle overall. In the first three roonds he faced [[Martin Kližan]], Lukáš Rosol (tae whom he suffered a shock defeat at the same stage o the tournament twa years earlier) an [[Mikhail Kukushkin]]. In each o thir matches he lost the first set afore takin command an winnin them in fower sets. In the fowert roond he faced Australian teenager [[Nick Kyrgios]] (ranked 143 places lawer than Nadal) an again lost the first set, but despite winning the seicont set, he wis unable tae turn the tide an eventually lost in fower sets.<ref name="Wimbledon 2014">{{cite news |last1=Newbery |first1=Piers |title=Rafael Nadal beaten by Nick Kyrgios at Wimbledon |url=http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/tennis/28118239 |date=1 July 2014 |accessdate=1 July 2014 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Nadal widrew frae the American swing due tae a wrist injury. He made his return at the [[2014 China Open (tennis)|2014 China Open]]. He wis defeatit bi [[Martin Klizan]] in three sets. At the [[2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters]], he suffered frae appendicitis, therefore he eventually went doun bi [[Feliciano Lopez]] in straucht sets. Later, he wis upset bi [[Borna Coric]] at the quarterfeenals o the [[2014 Swiss Indoors]]. Efter the loss, he annoonced that he will skip the rest o the saison. ===2015: King of Clay Dethroned=== {{main|2015 Rafael Nadal tennis season}} Nadal began the year as the defendin Champion at Qatar, but suffered a shocking three set defeat tae [[Michael Berrer]] in roond ane o the Qatar Open.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30702154 |title=Rafael Nadal suffers shock defeat by Michael Berrer in Doha |date=6 January 2015 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> He won the doubles teetle wi [[Juan Monaco]]. At the [[2015 Australian Open – Men's Singles|Australian Open]], Nadal beat [[Mikhail Youzhny]] in the first roond in straucht sets, afore prevailing in a tough five-setter against American [[Tim Smyczek]] in the seicont roond, despite bein visibly unwell at times during the gemme. He then beat [[Dudi Sela]] an [[Kevin Anderson (tennis)|Kevin Anderson]] in straucht sets tae advance tae his 28t career quarterfeenal. Nadal lost in straucht sets tae [[Tomáš Berdych]] in the quarterfeenal, sicweys endin a 17-match winning streak against the seivent-seedit Czech.<ref>{{cite news |last=Newbery |first=Piers |title=Rafael Nadal beaten by Tomas Berdych at Australian Open |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/30996172 |accessdate=24 May 2015 |work=BBC Sport |date=27 January 2015}}</ref> Nadal lost in the semifeenal tae [[Fabio Fognini]] at the [[Rio Open]], afore going on tae win his 46th career clay-court teetle against [[Juan Monaco]] at the Argentina Open.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/31687217 |title=Rafael Nadal: Argentina Open win equals clay-court title record |date=1 March 2015 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> In Mey, Nadal lost in the quarterfeenals o the [[Rome Masters]] tae [[Stan Wawrinka]] in straucht sets. On Juin 3rd, his 29t birthday, Nadal lost tae Novak Djokovic in the quarterfeenals o the French Open, endin his winning streak o 39 consecutive victories in Paris syne his defeat bi Robin Söderling in 2009. Efter the tournament, Nadal will drop tae nummer 10 in the ATP-rankings, his lowest ranking in ower a decade. ==Rivalries== {{see also|Big Four (tennis)}} ===Nadal vs. Federer=== {{Main|Federer–Nadal rivalry}} [[File:Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships.jpg|thumb|Nadal an Federer during the [[2006 Wimbledon Championships]] final]] [[Roger Federer|Federer]] an Nadal hae been playin ilk ither syne 2004, an thair rivalry is a significant pairt o baith men's careers.<ref name="asgoodasitgets"/><ref name="moveoverborgmac">{{cite news|first=Paul|last=Weaver|title = Move over McEnroe and Borg, this one will run and run in the memory|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/jul/07/wimbledon.tennis4|work=The Guardian|location=London|date = 7 July 2008|accessdate =14 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="asgoodassportgets">{{cite news|first = Martin|last = Flanagan|title = Federer v Nadal as good as sport gets|work = The Age|location = Melbourne|url = http://www.theage.com.au/news/tennis/federer-v-nadal-as-good-as-|access-date = 2015-06-03|archive-date = 2013-08-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130814212515/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=N409&oId=F324|url-status = dead}}</ref> Thay held the tap twa rankings on the ATP Tour frae Julie 2005 until 14 August 2009, whan Nadal fell tae warld No. 3 (Andy Murray acame the new No. 2).<ref>{{cite news|first = Richard|last = Jago|title = Murray reaches world No.2|date = 15 August 2009|url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/aug/15/andy-murray-montreal-masters-jo-wilfried-tsonga|work=The Observer|accessdate =16 August 2010|location=London}}</ref> Thay are the anly pair o men tae hae ever finished fower consecutive calendar years at the tap.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roger Federer Ranking History|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Roger-Federer.aspx?t=rh|publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals|accessdate=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rafael Nadal|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Tennis/Players/Top-Players/Rafael-Nadal.aspx?t=rh|publisher=Associate of Tennis Professionals|accessdate=9 February 2013}}</ref> Nadal ascended tae No. 2 in Julie 2005 an held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks afore surpassing Federer in August 2008.<ref name="nadalnum1">{{cite web|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25978842/|title=It's official: Nadal will pass Federer for No. 1|date=1 August 2008|publisher=NBC Sports (Associated Press)|accessdate=14 February 2009|archive-date=2008-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019231656/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/25978842/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thay hae played 33 times, an Nadal leads thair heid-tae-heid series 23–10 overall an 9–2 in Grand Slam tournaments. Fifteen o thair matches hae been on clay, which is statistically Nadal's best surface.<ref name="FedEx ATP Reliability Index">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Reliability-Zone/Reliability-Clay-Career-List.aspx|title=FedEx ATP Reliability Index|accessdate=1 April 2012|archive-date=2013-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212601/http://www.atpworldtour.com/Reliability-Zone/Reliability-Clay-Career-List.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Federer haes a winning record on grass (2–1) an indoor haurd courts (4–1) while Nadal leads the outdoor haurd courts bi 8–2 an clay bi 13–2.<ref name="atp-headtohead">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/Rivalries/Nadal-Federer-Rivalry.aspx|title=Head to Head player details|publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> As tournament seedings are based on rankings, 20 o thair matches hae been in tournament feenals, includin an aw-time record 8 Grand Slam tournament feenals.<ref name="atp-therivalry">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/Rivalries/Nadal-Federer-Rivalry.aspx|title= Rafa & Roger: The Rivalry|date=18 March 2012|publisher=ATP World Tour|accessdate=15 June 2012}}</ref> Frae 2006 tae 2008, thay played in every French Open an Wimbledon feenal, an an aa met in the teetle match o the 2009 Australian Open an the 2011 French Open.<ref name="atp-therivalry"/> Nadal won sax o the aicht, losin the first twa Wimbledon feenals. Three o thir matches war five set-matches (2007 an 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), an the 2008 Wimbledon feenal haes been lauded as the greatest match ever bi mony lang-time tennis analysts.<ref name="greatestmatchever"/><ref name="McEnroe-greatestmatch">{{cite news|first = Richard|last = Alleyne|title = Wimbledon 2008: John McEnroe hails Rafael Nadal victory as greatest final ever|work=The Telegraph|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2305019/Wimbledon-2008-John-McEnroe-hails-Rafael-Nadal-victory-as-greatest-final-ever.html|date = 7 July 2008|accessdate =14 February 2009|location=London}}</ref><ref name="wertheim-greatestmatch">{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html|title=Without a doubt, it's the greatest|last=Wertheim|first=Jon|date=9 July 2008|work=Tennis Mailbag|accessdate=14 February 2009|archive-date=2013-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813175621/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/writers/jon_wertheim/07/09/wertheim.mailbag/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="tignor-greatestmatch">{{cite web|url=http://tennisworld.typepad.com/thewrap/2008/07/w-report-cards.html|title=W: Report Cards|last=Tignor|first=Steve|work=Concrete Elbow|publisher=Tennis.com|date=8 July 2008|accessdate=14 February 2009}}</ref> ===Nadal vs. Djokovic=== {{Main|Djokovic–Nadal rivalry}} [[Novak Djokovic]] an Nadal hae met 43 times (mair nor ony ither players in the Open Era) wi Nadal haein a 23–20 advantage.<ref name="CO2013"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Featured Columnist |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1800155-analyzing-importance-of-novak-djokovics-china-open-win-vs-rafael-nadal |title=Analyzing Importance of Novak Djokovic's China Open Win vs. Rafael Nadal |publisher=Bleacherreport.com |date=6 October 2013 |accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="FEDEX ATP HEAD 2 HEADs">{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=N409&oId=D643|title=FEDEX ATP HEAD 2 HEADs|accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> Nadal leads on grass 2–1 an clay 14–5, but Djokovic leads on haurd courts 14–7.<ref name="CO2013"/><ref name="FEDEX ATP HEAD 2 HEADs"/> In 2009, this rivalry wis listit as the third greatest o the previous 10 years bi ATPwarldtour.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2009/12/Decade-In-Review-Rivalries.aspx|title=RIVALRIES OF THE DECADE|accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref> Djokovic is ane o anly twa players tae hae at least ten match wins against Nadal (the ither bein Federer) an the anly person tae defeat Nadal seiven consecutive times an twa times consecutively on clay. The twa earlier shared the record for the langest match played in a best o three sets (4 oors an 3 minutes) at the 2009 Mutua Madrid Open semifeenals until the match atween [[Roger Federer]] an [[Juan Martín del Potro]] in the [[Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|London 2012 Olympics Semifinal]], which is the langest best-of-three-set match bi time (at 4 oors an 26 minutes).<ref name=OlympicEpic>{{cite web|url= http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/7566|title= Roger Federer’s History-Making Olympic Epic Over Juan Martin del Potro|author= Walker, Randy|publisher= World Tennis Magazine|date= 3 August 2012|accessdate= 4 August 2012|archive-date= 2018-07-25|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111408/http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/7566|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/federer-edges-epic-encounter.html |title= Federer edges epic encounter |publisher= London2012.com |date= 3 August 2012 |accessdate= 4 August 2012 |archive-date= 2012-12-09 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20121209204441/http://www.london2012.com/news/articles/federer-edges-epic-encounter.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> Thay hae an aa played in a [[ATP Masters Series#Records an trivia|record]] 12 [[ATP Masters Series|Masters Series]] feenals. In the 2011 Wimbledon feenal, Djokovic won in fower sets for his first Slam feenal ower Nadal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/04/sports/tennis/2011-wimbledon-mens-final-novak-djokovic-defeats-rafael-nadal.html?amp=&pagewanted=all|title=Djokovic Overwhelms Nadal for Wimbledon Title|accessdate=3 July 2011 | work=The New York Times|first=Christopher|last=Clarey|date=3 July 2011}}</ref> Djokovic an aa defeatit Nadal in the 2011 US Open Final. In 2012, Djokovic defeatit Nadal in the Australian Open feenal for a third consecutive Slam feenal win ower Nadal. This wis the langest Grand Slam tournament feenal in Open era history at 5 hrs, 53 mins.<ref>{{cite news|author=Paul Gittings|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-29/tennis/sport_tennis_tennis-djokovic-nadal-australia_1_mallorcan-djokovic-nadal-victory?_s=PM:TENNIS|title=Djokovic beats Nadal in marathon classic to win Australian Open|publisher=CNN|date=29 January 2012|accessdate=8 June 2012|archive-date=2013-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303015240/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-29/tennis/sport_tennis_tennis-djokovic-nadal-australia_1_mallorcan-djokovic-nadal-victory?_s=PM:TENNIS|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal won thair last three 2012 meetins in the feenal o Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters an French Open in Aprile, in Mey an in Juin 2012, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/18150412|title= Rafael Nadal|accessdate=21 May 2012}}</ref> In 2013, Djokovic defeatit Nadal in straucht sets in the feenal at Monte Carlo, endin Nadal's record aicht consecutive teetles thare, but Nadal got revenge at the French Open in an epic five-setter 9–7 in the fift. In August 2013, Nadal won in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fowert [[Canadian Open (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] teetle.<ref name="CO2013"/> Nadal an aa defeatit Djokovic in the 2013 US Open Final. In thair third clash o 2014 Nadal defeatit Djokovic in the 2014 French Open feenal. ===Nadal vs. Murray=== {{Main|Murray–Nadal rivalry}} [[File:Murray and Nadal Tokyo (1) (1).jpg|thumbnail|Nadal an Murray in Tokyo]] Nadal an [[Andy Murray]] hae met on 21 occasions syne [[2007 ATP Tour|2007]], wi Nadal leadin 15–6. Nadal leads 6–1 on clay, 3–0 on grass an 6–5 on haurd courts (includin 5–3 in outdoor courts, but Murray leads 2–1 on indoor haurd courts). The pair ance met regularly at [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] level, wi aicht oot o thair twinty-ane meetins coming in slams, wi Nadal leadin 6–2 (3–0 at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]], 1–0 at the French Open, 1–1 at the Australian Open & 1–1 at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/Players/Head-To-Head.aspx?pId=N409&oId=MC10|title=Nadal v Murray Head to Head|publisher=atpworldtour.com|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> Seiven o thir aicht appearances hae been at quarterfeenal an semifeenal level, makin the rivalry an important pairt o baith men's careers. Thay hae never met in a Slam feenal, houiver, Murray leads 3–1 in [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] feenals, wi Nadal winning at [[2009 BNP Paribas Open|Indian Wells]] in [[2009 ATP World Tour|2009]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7958375.stm|title=Nadal blows Murray away in final|work=BBC Sport|date=22 March 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> an Murray winnin in [[2009 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament|Rotterdam]] the same year,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7891311.stm|title=Murray beats Nadal to take title|work=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2009|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> [[2011 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships|Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/15231444|title=Andy Murray defeats Rafael Nadal in Japan Open final|work=BBC Sport|date=9 October 2011|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> in [[2011 ATP Warld Tour|2011]], an [[2015 Mutua Madrid Open|Madrid]] in [[2015 ATP Warld Tour|2015]]. Murray lost three consecutive Grand Slam semifeenals tae Nadal in 2011 frae the [[2011 French Open|French Open]] tae the [[2011 US Open (tennis)|US Open]]. Remarkably, o the past 19 Grand Slam drawsheets, thay hae been drawn in the same hauf 16 times. The pair did nae meet in [[2012 ATP World Tour|2012]], haein been scheduled tae meet in the semifeenal o the [[2012 Miami Masters|Miami Masters]] afore Nadal widrew wi injury.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/tennis/17560498|title=Andy Murray to play Djokovic in Miami final after Nadal withdraws|work=BBC Sport|date=1 April 2012|accessdate=6 February 2012}}</ref> ==Playing style== [[File:Rafael Nadal at the 2010 US Open 06.jpg|thumbnail|left|Nadal's forehand]] Nadal generally plays an aggressive, behind-the-[[Tennis court#Dimensions|baseline]] gemme foondit on hivy [[topspin]] groundstrokes, consistency, speedy footwork an tenacious coort coverage, sicweys makin him an aggressive counterpuncher.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&id=3472238|title=Nadal Has Improved Virtually Every Aspect of His Game|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=3 July 2008|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> Kent for his athleticism an speed aroond the court, Nadal is an excellent defender<ref name="about bio">{{cite news | first=Jeff | last=Cooper | title=Rafael Nadal&nbsp;– Game Profile | url=http://tennis.about.com/od/playersmale/a/nadalgp.htm | accessdate=30 July 2007 | archive-date=2016-11-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107033909/http://tennis.about.com/od/playersmale/a/nadalgp.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> who hits well on the run, biggin winning plays frae seemingly defensive poseetions. He an aa plays very fine dropshots, which wirk especially well acause his hivy topspin eften forces opponents tae the back o the court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/yourgame/instructionarticles/netgame/netgame.aspx?id=123244|title=Rafael Nadal's Drop Volley|work=Tennis Magazine|date=27 March 2008|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2009-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026221750/http://www.tennis.com/yourgame/instructionarticles/netgame/netgame.aspx?id=123244|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Nadal 4 Monte Carlo 2007.jpg|thumb|Nadal playin on clay]] Nadal employs a semi-wastren grip forehand, eften wi a "lasso-whip" follae throu, whaur his left arm hits throu the baw andfinishes abuin his left shouder – as opposed tae a mair traditional finish athort the body or aroond his opposite shouder.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elitetennistraining.com/free-online-tennis-lessons/gripping-the-tennis-racquet/ | title=How To Hold A Tennis Racket | accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.essentialtennis.com/category/video/grips/ | title=Essential Tennis - Rafael Nadal’s Forehand Grip Revealed | accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> Nadal's forehand groundstroke form allows him tae hit shots wi hivy topspin – mair sae than mony o his contemporaries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/sports/tennis/27tennis.html |title=More and More Players Deliver Slap to Classic Forehand|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 June 2006|accessdate=30 January 2009 | first=Christopher | last=Clarey}}</ref> San Francisco tennis researcher John Yandell uised a heich-speed video camera an special software tae count the average nummer o revolutions o a tennis ball hit full force bi Nadal. While Nadal's shots tend tae land short o the baseline, the characteristically heich bounces his forehands achieve tend tae mitigate the advantage an opponent wad normally gain frae capitalizing on a short ball.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/yourgame/instructionarticles/forehand/forehand.aspx?id=56544|title=The Forehand of Rafael Nadal|work=Tennis Magazine|date=15 December 2006|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2009-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304142514/http://tennis.com/yourgame/instructionarticles/forehand/forehand.aspx?id=56544|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awtho his forehand is based on hivy topspin, he can hit the ball deep an flat wi a mair orthodox follae throu for clean winners. {{rquote|right|"The first guys we did were Sampras an Agassi. They were hitting forehands that in general were spinning about 1,800 to 1,900 revolutions per minute. Federer is hitting with an amazing amount of spin, too, right? 2,700 revolutions per minute. Well, we measured one forehand Nadal hit at 4,900. His average was 3,200."|John Yandell, San Francisco-based tennis researcher.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ripped. (Or Torn Up?) |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/21/magazine/21nadal-t.html |work=[[The New York Times]] | first=Cynthia | last=Gorney | date=17 June 2009 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref>}} Nadal's serve wis initially considered a waik pynt in his gemme, awtho his improvements in baith first-serve pynts won an break pynts saved syne 2005 hae allowed him tae consistently compete for an win major teetles on faster surfaces. Nadal relies on the consistency o his serve tae gain a strategic advantage in pynts, rather than going for [[Serve (tennis)#Serve terminology|service winners]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2304937/Rafael-Nadal-determined-to-keep-one-step-ahead-of-Roger-Federer.html|title=Rafael Nadal Determined to Keep One Step Ahead of Roger Federer|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=6 July 2008|accessdate=30 January 2009 | first=Clive | last=White}}</ref> Houiver, afore the 2010 US Open, he altered his service motion, arrivin in the trophy pose earlier an pullin the racket lawer during the trophy pose. Afore the 2010 U.S. Open, Nadal modified his service grip tae a mair continental ane. Thir twa changes in his serve increased his average speed bi aroond 10&nbsp;mph during the 2010 US Open, maxing oot at 135&nbsp;mph (217&nbsp;km), allouin him tae win mair free pynts on his serve.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tony Kurdzuk/The Star-Ledger |url=http://www.nj.com/sports/njsports/index.ssf/2010/09/rafael_nadal_has_gotten_a_grip.html |title=12 September 2010 |work=The Star-Ledger |accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref> Houiver, syne the 2010 US Open, Nadal's serve speed haes dropped back doun tae previous levels an haes again been citit as a need for improvement.<ref>{{cite web|author=Timothy Rapp |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1044134-rafael-nadal-rafa-must-improve-serve-to-beat-novak-djokovic |title=Rafael Nadal: Rafa Must Improve Serve to Beat Novak Djokovic |publisher=Bleacher Report |date= 30 January 2012|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Thomas Skuzinski |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/815240-2011-us-open-biggest-weaknesses-in-the-top-8-men#/articles/815240-2011-us-open-biggest-weaknesses-in-the-top-8-men/page/5 |title=Rafael Nadal's Serve, and 7 Other Weak Shots Among the Top 8 Men |publisher=Bleacher Report |date= 22 August 2011|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Naharnet Newsdesk |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/14931 |title=Beaten Nadal Vows to Turn Tables on Djokovic |publisher=Naharnet |date= 13 September 2011|accessdate=3 May 2012}}</ref> Nadal is a clay court specialeet in the sense that he haes been extremely successfu on that surface. Syne 2005, he won nine times at Roland Garros, aicht times at Monte Carlo an seiven at Rome. Houiver, Nadal haes shed that label due tae his success on ither surfaces, includin holding simultaneous Grand Slam tournament teetles on grass, haurd courts, an clay on twa separate occasions, winning aicht Masters series teetles on hardcourt, an winning the Olympic gowd medal on hardcourt.<ref name="ESPN"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/aus09/columns/story?columnist=harwitt_sandra&id=3876694|title=No limit to what Nadal can accomplish|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=1 February 2009|accessdate=1 February 2009}}</ref> Despite praise for Nadal's talent an skill, some hae questioned his longevity in the sport, citing his big an playin style as conducive tae injury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen07/news/story?id=2996956|title=Style of play catching up with Rafa?|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=30 August 2007|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> Nadal himsel haes admittit tae the physical toll haurd courts place on [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP Tour]] players, calling for a reevaluatit tour schedule featurin fewer haurd court tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tennis.com/tournaments/2009/australianopen/australianopen.aspx?id=163626|title=Oz Champ Nadal Wants Changes in Tennis Schedule|work=Tennis Magazine|date=2 February 2009|accessdate=2 February 2009|archive-date=2009-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615164042/http://tennis.com/tournaments/2009/australianopen/australianopen.aspx?id=163626|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- Nadal is ''not'' a clay-court specialist. Although clay is his best surface, four of his slams have been on non-clay surfaces, he won the Olympic singles gold medal on hardcourt, and has won five Masters titles on hardcourts. Just because clay is his best surface does not make him a claycourt specialist. Sergi Bruguera, Thomas Muster, Alberto Berasategui, Carlos Costa – those are clay-court specialists, none of whom even made a major final other than the French (and all were terrible on grass). Nadal has made five Wimbledon finals and was clearly the second-best player in the world on grass for 2006, and 2007, and 2011, and was the best in 2008, and 2010. That is not counting his Australian Open title, U.S. Open titles, or Olympic gold medal. Nadal has made 10 of his 18 Grand Slam finals outside of clay. --> ==Public image== ===Equipment and endorsements=== [[File:Nadal vs Federer RG 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Nike Inc.|Nike]] sleeveless shirt wi matching headband & wrist bands and [[Babolat]] AeroPro Drive GT at [[French Open|Roland Garros]] 2007]] Nadal haes been sponsored bi [[Kia Motors]] syne 2006. He haes appeared in advertising campaigns for Kia as a global ambassador for the company. In Mey 2008, Kia released a [[claymation]] viral ad featurin Nadal in a tennis match wi an alien.<ref>[http://paultan.org/archives/2008/05/24/kias-bizarre-nadal-versus-alien-video/ Kia Nadal versus Alien Video].</ref> In Mey 2015, Nadal extendit his partnership wi Kia for anither five years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rafael Nadal and Kia Motors double up for another five years|url=http://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/MediaCenter/News/Press-Releases/kia-motor-Rafael-Nadal-support-eng-150504.hub|website=Hyundai Motor Group|accessdate=25 May 2015|archive-date=2015-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525181424/http://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/MediaCenter/News/Press-Releases/kia-motor-Rafael-Nadal-support-eng-150504.hub|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Nike Inc.|Nike]] serves as Nadal's clothing an shae sponsor. Nadal's signature on-court attire entailed a variety o sleeveless shirts paired wi 3/4 lenth [[capri pants]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/fashion/08/fall/49256|title=The Beefcake in the Backcourt|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|date=17 August 2008|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> For the 2009 saison, Nadal adoptit mair-traditional on-court apparel. Nike encouraged Nadal tae update his leuk in order tae reflect his new status as the sport's tap player at that time<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/aus09/columns/story?columnist=tandon_kamakshi&id=3837536&campaign=rss&source=TENNISHeadlines|title=Rafa Needs More Than a New Look|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=17 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> an associate Nadal wi a style that, while less distinctive than his "pirate" leuk, wad be mair widely emulatit bi consumers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/article/123520|title=Rafael Nadal to Launch New, More Traditional Image at US Open|work=Sports Business Daily|date=1 August 2008|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2008-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202122241/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/article/123520|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/28854928|title=Nadal's Wardrobe Malfunction|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=26 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> At warmup tournaments in [[2009 Capitala World Tennis Championship|Abu Dhabi]] an [[Qatar ExxonMobil Open|Doha]], Nadal played matches in a [[polo shirt]] specifically designed for him bi Nike,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cornedbeefhash.wordpress.com/2009/01/20/fashion-focus-rafa-after-a-hiccup-finally-grows-up/|title=Fashion Focus: Rafael Nadal|publisher=Tennis Served Fresh|date=20 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> paired wi shorts cut abuin the knee. Nadal's new, mair conventional style carried ower tae the [[2009 Australian Open]], whaur he wis outfittit wi Nike's Bold Crew Men's Tee<ref>{{cite web|url=http://store.nike.com/index.jsp?sitesrc=USLP&country=US&lang_locale=en_US#l=shop,pdp,ctr-inline/cid-1/pid-204467/pgid-204469|title=Nike Bold New Tennis Crew|publisher=Nike Store|date=30 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> an Nadal Lang Check Shorts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://store.nike.com/index.jsp?sitesrc=USLP&country=US&lang_locale=en_US#l=shop,pdp,ctr-inline/cid-1/pid-204474/pgid-204476|title=Nadal Long Check Shortsbhnu|publisher=Nike Store|date=30 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cornedbeefhash.wordpress.com/2009/01/24/rafas-costume-change-part-deux/|title=Rafa's Costume Change|publisher=Tennis Served Fresh|date=24 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennis.com/uploadedImages/Features/Photo_Galleries/TENNIS_Gallery/2009_01_22_pg22.jpg|title=Emperor's New Clothes|work=Tennis Magazine|date=24 January 2009|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2009-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205003824/http://www.tennis.com/uploadedImages/Features/Photo_Galleries/TENNIS_Gallery/2009_01_22_pg22.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nadal wears Nike's Air CourtBallistec 2.3 tennis shuin,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tenniswarehouse-europe.com/descpageMSNIKEH-NMACBT.html |title=Nike Air CourtBallistec 1.3 |accessdate=5 September 2007 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224005406/http://tenniswarehouse-europe.com/descpageMSNIKEH-NMACBT.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> bearing various customizations throughout the saison, includin his nickname "Rafa" on the right shae an a stylized bull logo on the left. He acame the face o [[Lanvin (clothing)|Lanvin's]] ''L'Homme Sport'' cologne in Aprile 2009.<ref>{{cite web |author=Marie-Helene Wagner |url=http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/2009/03/lanvin_lhomme_sport_2009_front.html |title=Lanvin L'Homme Sport (2009): Fronted by Rafael Nadal |publisher=Mimifroufrou.com |date=3 March 2009 |accessdate=3 June 2011 |archive-date=2019-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402082901/http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/2009/03/lanvin_lhomme_sport_2009_front.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal uses an AeroPro Drive racquet wi a 4{{frac|1|4}}-inch L2 grip. {{As of|2010|alt=As of the 2010 season}}, Nadal's racquets are paintit tae resemble the new Babolat AeroPro Drive wi Cortex GT racquet in order tae mercat a current model which Babolat sells.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/showthread.php?t=154451|title=Nadal Doesn't Use an APDC|publisher=Talk Tennis|date=1 September 2007|accessdate=30 January 2009|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129163905/http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/showthread.php?t=154451|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/usopen04/news/story?id=1872892|title=The Tennis Racket|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=2 September 2004|accessdate=30 January 2009}}</ref> Nadal uses no replacement grip, an insteid wraps twa overgrips aroond the haundle. He uised Duralast 15L strings until the 2010 saison, whan he switched tae Babolat's new, black-coloured, RPM Blast string. Nadal's rackets are ayeweys strung at {{convert|55|lb|abbr=on}}, regairdless o which surface or conditions he is playin on.{{Citation needed|daye=January 2011|date=January 2011}} {{As of|2010|January}}, Nadal is the international ambassador for [[Quely]], a company frae his native [[Mallorca]] that manufactures biscuits, bakery an chocolate coatit products; he haes consumed thair products ever syne he wis a young bairn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-nadal-quelys-embassador |title=Rafa Nadal is Quely's embassador |publisher=Rafaelnadal.com |date=21 December 2009 |accessdate=3 June 2011 |archive-date=2011-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208130450/http://rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-nadal-quelys-embassador |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, luxury watchmaker Richard Mille annoonced that he haed developed an ultra-licht wristwatch in collaboration wi Nadal cried the Richard Mille RM027 Tourbillon watch.<ref name="watchmaker">{{cite news | first=Rob | last=Corder | title=Rafael Nadal to wear $525,000 Richard Mille watch | date=5 April 2010 | publisher=Professional Jeweller}}</ref> The watch is made o titanium an lithium an is valued at US$525,000; Nadal wis involved in the design an testin o the watch on the tennis court.<ref name="watchmaker"/> During the 2010 French Open, [[Men's Fitness]] reportit that Nadal wore the Richard Mille watch on the court as pairt o a sponsorship deal wi the Swiss watchmaker.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mensfitness.com/sports_and_recreation/athletes/224|title=Nadal Wears $525K Watch at French Open|publisher=mensfitness.com|accessdate=6 July 2010}}</ref> Nadal replaced [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] as the new face o [[Emporio Armani|Emporio Armani Underwear]] an [[Armani Jeans (brand)|Armani Jeans]] for the spring/summer 2011 collection.<ref name="TS">{{cite web |url=http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_28805.shtml |title=Rafael Nadal strips to his undies for Armani |publisher=Typicallyspanish.com |date=20 January 2011 |accessdate=3 June 2011 |archive-date=2012-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330060410/http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_28805.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> This wis the first time that the label haes chosen a tennis player for the job; association football haes ruled lately prior tae Ronaldo, [[David Beckham]] graced the ads syne 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cowles |first=Charlotte |url=http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2010/12/raphael_nadal_replaces_cristia.html |title=Rafael Nadal Replaces Cristiano Ronaldo as the New Face of Emporio Armani Underwear |work=New York |accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref> Armani said that he selectit Nadal as his latest male unnerwear model acause "...he is ideal as he represents a healthy and positive model for youngsters."<ref name="TS"/> In Juin 2012, Nadal jynt the group o sports endorsers o the [[PokerStars]] [[online poker]] cardroom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Champion Rafael Nadal Joins Team PokerStars |url=http://www.pokernews.com/news/2012/06/tennis-champion-rafael-nadal-joins-team-pokerstars-12909.htm |work=Poker News |accessdate=19 July 2014}}</ref> In December 2013, Nadal won a charity poker tournament against retired Brazilian football player [[Ronaldo]] an fower ither competitors.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/tennis/article-2761579/Ronaldo-challenges-Rafael-Nadal-live-head-head-poker-duel.html "Ronaldo challenges Rafael Nadal to live head-to-head poker duel"]. ''Daily Mail''. Retrieved 29 September 2014</ref> ===In popular culture=== In Februar 2010, Rafael Nadal wis featurt in the muisic video o [[Shakira]]'s "[[Gypsy (Shakira song)|Gypsy]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3-GiVIE8gc |title=Music video for "Gypsy" by Shakira featuring Rafael Nadal |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=6 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvH5KbwjCoo |title=Shakira – Gypsy |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2018-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408001342/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvH5KbwjCoo |url-status=dead }}</ref> an pairt o her album release ''[[She Wolf (album)|She Wolf]]''. In expleenin why she chose Nadal for the video, Shakira wis quotit as saying in an interview wi the ''Latin American Herald Tribune'': "I thought that maybe I needed someone I could in some way identify with. And Rafael Nadal is a person who has been totally committed to his career since he was very young. Since he was 17, I believe."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=352754&CategoryId=13003 |title=Shakira: I Chose Nadal for Video Because I "Identify with Him" |work=Latin American Herald Tribune |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2019-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519190554/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=352754&CategoryId=13003 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Source: Penny Newton |url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/3347ebee-shakira-gypsy-mtv-exclusive/ |title=Shakira's Sexy New Video ''Gypsy'' |publisher=MTV |date=24 February 2010 |accessdate=6 June 2010 |archive-date=2012-06-04 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68AHQTnyt?url=http://www.mtv.com.au/news/3347ebee-shakira-gypsy-mtv-exclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Asteroid=== [[128036 Rafaelnadal]] is a [[main belt]] asteroid discovered in 2003 at the [[Observatorio Astronómico de Mallorca]] an named efter Nadal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2008/07/nadalasteroid.aspx|title=Asteroid Named After Rafael Nadal|publisher=ATP World Tour|date=13 July 2012|accessdate=12 June 2012}}</ref> ==Off the court== ===Involvement in football=== Nadal is an avid fan o association football club [[Real Madrid]]. On 8 Julie 2010, it wis reportit that he haed acome a shareholder o [[RCD Mallorca]], his local club bi birth, in an attempt tae assist the club frae debt.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE66727020100708 | agency=[[Reuters]] | title=Soccer-Rafa Nadal becomes shareholder at troubled Real Mallorca | date=9 July 2010 | access-date=2015-06-03 | archive-date=2010-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712103356/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE66727020100708 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Nadal reportedly ains 10 percent an wis offered the role o vice preses, but he rejectit that offer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.realmallorca.co.uk/news/club/2010/sale-of-the-club-completed | work=[[Real Mallorca]] | title=Sale of the club completed | date=7 September 2010 | access-date=2015-06-03 | archive-date=2012-09-11 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911090749/http://www.realmallorca.co.uk/news/club/2010/sale-of-the-club-completed | url-status=dead }}</ref> His uncle [[Miguel Ángel Nadal]], acame assistant coach unner [[Michael Laudrup]]. Nadal remains a passionate [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] supporter; ''[[ESPN.com]]'' writer Graham Hunter wrote, "He's as ''Merengue'' as [Real Madrid icons] [[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]], [[Iker Casillas]] and [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]]." Shortly efter acquiring his interest in Mallorca, Nadal cried oot [[UEFA]] for apparent hypocrisy in ejecting the club frae the [[2010–11 UEFA Europa League]] for excessive debts, saying throu a club spokesperson, "Well, if those are the criteria upon which UEFA is operating, then European competition will only comprise two or three clubs because all the rest are in debt, too."<ref name=Football>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/5542102/rafael-nadal-tries-save-mallorca-football-club |title=Rafa to the rescue |first=Graham |last=Hunter |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=9 September 2010 |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> He is a fervent supporter o the [[Spain national football team|Spanish national team]], ane o anly sax people nae affiliatit wi the team or the [[Royal Spanish Football Federation|national federation]] allowed intae the team's locker room immediately follaein Spain's veectory in the [[2010 FIFA World Cup Final]].<ref name=Football/> ===Philanthropy=== Nadal teuk pairt in Thailand's "A Million Trees for the King" project, planting a tree in honour o Keeng [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] on a veesit tae [[Hua Hin]] during his [[2010 PTT Thailand Open|Thailand Open 2010]]. "For me it's an honour to part of this project", said Nadal. "It's a very good project. I want to congratulate the Thai people and congratulate the King for this unbelievable day. I wish all the best for this idea. It's very, very nice."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/News/Tennis/2010/10/39/Bangkok-Nadal-Plants-Tree.aspx |title=Nadal Lends Hand To Million Trees Project |publisher=[[ATP World Tour]] |date=28 September 2010 |accessdate=11 December 2010}}</ref> ====Fundación Rafa Nadal==== The creation o the Fundación Rafa Nadal teuk place in November 2007, an its offeecial presentation wis in Februar 2008, at the Manacor Tennis Club in Mallorca, Spain. The foundation will focus on social wirk an development aid parteecularly on childhood an youth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundacionrafanadal.org/ |title=Rafa Nadal Foundation |publisher=Fundacionrafanadal.com |accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref> On deciding why tae stairt a foundation, Nadal said "This can be the beginning of my future, when I retire and have more time, [...] I am doing very well and I owe society, [...] A month-and-a-half ago I was in [[Chennai]], in India. The truth is we live great here....I can contribute something with my image..." Nadal wis inspired bi the [[Leet o Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|Red Cross]] benefit match against [[malaria]] wi Real Madrid goalkeeper [[Iker Casillas]], recalling, "We raised an amount of money that we would never have imagined. I have to thank Iker, my project partner, who went all out for it, [...] That is why the time has come to set up my own foundation and determine the destination of the money." Nadal's mither, Ana Maria Parera, chairs the charitable organisation an faither Sebastian is vice-chairman. Coach an uncle Toni Nadal an his agent, umwhile tennis player [[Carlos Costa (tennis)|Carlos Costa]], are an aa involved. Roger Federer haes gien Nadal advice on getting involved in philanthropy. Despite the fact that poverty in Indie struck him parteecularly haurd, Nadal wants tae stairt bi helpin "people close by, in the [[Balearic Islands]], in Spain, and then, if possible, abroad."<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]] |url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/185574,rafael-nadal-launches-foundation--feature.html |title=Rafael Nadal launches foundation |publisher=Earth Times News |date=13 February 2008 |accessdate=3 June 2011 |archive-date=2019-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519231644/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/news/185574,rafael-nadal-launches-foundation--feature.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 16 October 2010, Nadal traveled tae Indie for the first time tae veesit his tennis academy for unnerprivileged childer at [[Anantapur Sports Village]], in the [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Anantapur City, Andhra Pradesh]]. His foundation haes an aa worked in the Anantapur Educational Center project, in collaboration wi the [[Vicente Ferrer Moncho|Vicente Ferrer Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-and-his-foundation-india |title=Rafa and his foundation in India |publisher=The Official Rafa Nadal Website |accessdate=3 June 2011 |archive-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001054734/http://www.rafaelnadal.com/content/rafa-and-his-foundation-india |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rafa in India to promote tennis school |first=Sreenivas |last=Janyala |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/rafa-in-india-to-promote-tennis-school/698828/ |work=The Indian Express |location=Mumbai |date=18 October 2010}}</ref> ===Personal life=== Nadal lived wi his parents an younger sister Maria Isabel in a five-story apartment biggin in thair hometown o Manacor, Mallorca. In Juin 2009, Spanish newspaper ''[[La Vanguardia]]'', an then ''[[The New York Times]]'', reportit that his parents, Ana Maria an Sebastian, haed separated. This news came efter weeks o speculation in Internet posts an message boards ower Nadal's personal issues as the cause o his setback.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon09/columns/story?columnist=garber_greg&id=4280346 | publisher=ESPN | title=Personal woes affecting Rafa? | date=23 July 2009}}</ref> Nadal haes revealed himsel tae be [[Agnosticism|agnostic]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/jon_wertheim/07/16/nadal.interview/index.html | work=[[Sports Illustrated]] | title=Q&A with Rafael Nadal | date=16 July 2010 | access-date=2015-06-03 | archive-date=2013-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105222559/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/jon_wertheim/07/16/nadal.interview/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> As a young boy, he wad run home frae schuil tae watch [[Goku]] in his favorite Japanese anime, ''[[Dragon Ball]]''. [[CNN]] released an article aboot Nadal's childhood inspiration, an cried him "the Dragon Ball of tennis" due tae his unorthodox style "from another planet."<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Christopher|title=Rafael Nadal: The 'Dragon Ball' of tennis|url=http://www.cnngo.com/tokyo/play/rafael-nadal-dragon-ball-tennis-216638|accessdate=31 December 2011|newspaper=[[CNN International]]|date=8 October 2010}}</ref> In addition tae tennis an football, Nadal enjoys golf an an aa poker.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Smith |title=Away from tennis court, Rafael Nadal seeks a golf course |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=29 April 2012}}</ref> In Aprile 2014 he played the warld's nummer 1 female poker player, [[Vanessa Selbst]], in a poker gemme in Monaco.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RafaelNadal/status/454703137358901248/photo/1 |title=Twitter / RafaelNadal: Great experience playing with |publisher=Twitter.com |date=11 April 2014 |accessdate=31 July 2014}}</ref> Nadal's autobiography, ''Rafa'' ([[Hyperion Books|Hyperion]], 2012, ISBN 1401310923), written wi assistance frae [[John Carlin (journalist)|John Carlin]], wis published in August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/tennis/usopen11/story/_/id/6896793/us-open-twenty-things-learn-rafael-nadal-autobiography|title=U.S. Open – Twenty things we learn in Rafael Nadal's autobiography|last=Tandon|first=Kamakshi|date=26 August 2011|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> ==Notes== <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==References== {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == *{{official website|http://www.rafaelnadal.com}} *{{twitter|RafaelNadal|Rafael Nadal}} *{{Facebook|Nadal|Rafael Nadal}} *{{ATP|N409|Rafael Nadal}} *{{ITF male profile|100007935|Rafael Nadal}} *{{DavisCup player|100007935|Rafael Nadal}} {{Tap ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}} {{navboxes|title=Rafael Nadal in the [[grand slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] toornaments |list1= {{Australian Open men's singles champions}} {{French Open men's singles champions}} {{Wimbledon men's singles champions}} {{US Open men's singles champions}} {{Tennis Career Grand Slam Champions}} {{Tennis men grand slam three and over}} {{Men's tennis players who won two or more Grand Slam singles titles in one calendar year}} }} {{navboxes|title=Rafael Nadal [[Rafael Nadal career statistics|achievements]] |list1= {{Tennis Warld ATP Nummer Anes (men)}} {{Footer Olympic Champions Tennis Men}} {{Laureus World Sportsman of the Year}} {{Spanish Sportsman of the Year}} {{Top ten tennis players|atpsingles=y}} {{Top ten male singles tennis players of countries belonging to Tennis Europe}} {{Top ten Spanish male singles tennis players}} }} {{ATP Masters Series tournament winners}} {{ATP Masters Series tournament doubles winners}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nadal, Rafael}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Australian Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:French Open champions]] [[Category:Laureus Warld Sports Awairds winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Spain]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in tennis]] [[Category:Olympic tennis players o Spain]] [[Category:Fowk frae Manacor]] [[Category:Rafael Nadal| ]] [[Category:Spaingie agnostics]] [[Category:Spaingie fitbaw chairmen an investors]] [[Category:Spaingie male tennis players]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2004 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Tennis players at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Wimbledon champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] 1fqi1kvf4jldd9zppooj74m3sqdiwj7 Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 0 45707 916810 902371 2026-05-14T20:40:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name =Puerto Baquerizo Moreno | native_name = | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = Toun | image_skyline =Galapagos2007--50--08-22-07.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption =View o San Cristoban | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto ="Capital del Paraíso" - "Paradise's Caipital" | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Ecuador Galápagos Islands | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|00|54|09|S|89|36|33|W|display=inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = Ecuador | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title =Mayor | leader_name =Ab. Pedro Zapata | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </re> --> | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares --> | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = <!-- dunams used in Middle East articles only --> | dunam_link = <!-- which dunam to link --> | area_total_dunam = | area_land_dunam = | area_water_dunam = | area_urban_dunam = | area_rural_dunam = | area_metro_dunam = | area_blank1_dunam = | area_blank2_dunam = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m =2 | population_footnotes = | population_total =4816 | population_as_of = 2013 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 =-6 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = [http://www.sancristobalgalapagos.gov.ec www.sancristobalgalapagos.gov.ec] {{es}} | footnotes = }} '''Puerto Baquerizo Moreno''' is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o the [[Galápagos Province]], in [[Ecuador]]. It is locatit alang the soothwastren coast o [[San Cristóbal (Galápagos Islands)|San Cristóbal]], the eastmaist [[island]] in the [[airchipelago]]. Even tho it is the caipital, the toun haes the seicont lairgest population: 5,600 inhabitants, mainly fishermen. The primar industries are artisan [[fishin]], [[tourism]], an arable [[fermin]]. The toun includes an Interpretation Center, but its tourism infrastructur is no as advancit as in [[Puerto Ayora]]. The ceety taks its name frae the preses [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] (1859-1951), the first preses tae visit the Galápagos Islands durin his presidency. Residents foondit an still operate the [[:en:Albatross Foundation USA|Albatross Foundation USA]]. ==Climate== Puerto Baquerizo Moreno haes an ateepical [[arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh''). Despite bein less nor ane full latitudinal degree awa frae the Equator, temperaturs in the toun an the surroondin aurie on the island niver reach the unbearable hichts expectit for such an equatorial location. Temperaturs remain astonishingly similar year-roond, fluctuatin anerlie several degrees frae Januar means tae Julie means. Housomeivver, twa saisons predominate: the ceuler, dry saison that typically lasts frae Juin tae November an brings licht drizzle, oceanic coastal fog, mild tae wairm temperaturs, an mainly owercast skies. Aw o these characteristics are evident due tae the presence o the cauld Humboldt Current that flows north frae [[Peru]] an [[Chile]]. Awtho this is considered the dry saison for the actual total rain amoont at this time is exceptionally licht, it tends tae precipitate vera slowly in the form o extremely licht drizzle an is aften accompaniet wi grey, owercast skies. The wet saison lasts roughly frae Dizember tae May, an brings an abundance o bricht sunshine alang wi sporadically brief, yet aften intense, tropical thunnerstorms. Annual average precipitation amoonts tae approximately {{convert|288.8|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}, 86% o which faws in the five-month wet saison period spannin Dizember till Mey. Precipitation faws an average o 107 days a year (precipitation ≥ 0.004" / 0.1&nbsp;mm). {{Weather box |location = Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristobal, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador |single line = Y |collapsed = |Jan high F = 84 |Feb high F = 86 |Mar high F = 86 |Apr high F = 86 |May high F = 84 |Jun high F = 81 |Jul high F = 77 |Aug high F = 75 |Sep high F = 75 |Oct high F = 77 |Nov high F = 79 |Dec high F = 81 |Jan mean F = 79 |Feb mean F = 80 |Mar mean F = 80 |Apr mean F = 80 |May mean F = 78 |Jun mean F = 75 |Jul mean F = 72 |Aug mean F = 71 |Sep mean F = 70 |Oct mean F = 72 |Nov mean F = 73 |Dec mean F = 75 |Jan low F = 73 |Feb low F = 73 |Mar low F = 73 |Apr low F = 73 |May low F = 72 |Jun low F = 70 |Jul low F = 66 |Aug low F = 66 |Sep low F = 64 |Oct low F = 66 |Nov low F = 68 |Dec low F = 70 |rain colour = green |Jan rain inch = 1.89 |Feb rain inch = 2.64 |Mar rain inch = 3.35 |Apr rain inch = 1.38 |May rain inch = 0.63 |Jun rain inch = 0.08 |Jul rain inch = 0.16 |Aug rain inch = 0.20 |Sep rain inch = 0.28 |Oct rain inch = 0.28 |Nov rain inch = 0.20 |Dec rain inch = 0.28 |unit rain days = 0.004 inch / 0.1 mm |Jan rain days = 12 |Feb rain days = 8 |Mar rain days = 7 |Apr rain days = 5 |May rain days = 4 |Jun rain days = 4 |Jul rain days = 12 |Aug rain days = 11 |Sep rain days = 13 |Oct rain days = 11 |Nov rain days = 9 |Dec rain days = 11 |Jan sun = 176.7 |Feb sun = 212.8 |Mar sun = 232.5 |Apr sun = 234.0 |May sun = 238.7 |Jun sun = 228.0 |Jul sun = 192.2 |Aug sun = 173.6 |Sep sun = 144.0 |Oct sun = 161.2 |Nov sun = 165.0 |Dec sun = 179.8 |source 1 = ClimateTemps <ref name= ClimateTemps>{{cite web |url = http://www.galapagos.climatemps.com/ |title = Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, San Cristobal, Galapagos Islands |publisher = www.climatemps.com |accessdate = 2012-12-5 |archive-date = 2012-11-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121110235530/http://www.galapagos.climatemps.com/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> |date=December 2012 }} ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Puerto Baquerizo, Galapagos Ecuador.JPG File:Panorama Puerto Baquerizo Moreno.jpg|Harbour seen frae Playa Mann </gallery> ==Sister ceeties== *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], [[North Carolina]] ([[USA]])<ref name="sister city">{{cite web| author=| year=2011| title=Sister Cities: Chapel Hill & San Cristobal| work=| publisher=Center for Galapagos Studies Development| url=http://galapagos.unc.edu/about/news/sister-cities-chapel-hill-san-cristobal| accessdate=15 July 2011| archive-date=2011-11-04| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104173745/http://galapagos.unc.edu/about/news/sister-cities-chapel-hill-san-cristobal| url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Province caipitals in Ecuador}} [[Category:Populatit places in Galápagos Province]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals in Ecuador]] [[Category:Galápagos Islands]] qfpvifz172jr72hc50q3vqclxekskyh Álftanes 0 48317 916819 643304 2026-05-15T05:56:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Álftanes |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Toun |motto = |image_skyline = AH090427c-9107 Alfhóll.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Alftanes map.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location o the Municipality o Álftanes |pushpin_map = Iceland |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location o Álftanes in Iceland |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iceland}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Constituencies o Iceland|Constituency]]<ref>Poleetical diveesion</ref> |subdivision_name1 = [[Suðvesturkjördæmi]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Regions o Iceland|Region]]<ref>Mainly statistical division</ref> |subdivision_name2 = [[Höfuðborgarsvæði]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Coonties o Iceland|Coonty]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Gullbringusýsla]] |subdivision_type4 = [[Municipalities o Iceland|Municipality]] |subdivision_name4 = [[Garðabær]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Sigurður G. Gunnarsson |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = 5 |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 2,484 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = 472 |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|64|06|N|22|3|W|region:IS|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |website = {{official website|http://www.alftanes.is/}} |footnotes = Postal Codes: 225 }} <!-- Infobox ends !--> '''Álftanes''' is a toun, an law-lyin [[peninsulae]] which extrudes frae the eastren pairt o [[Reykjanes]], locatit in [[Iceland]]'s [[Greater Reykjavík]] aurie. Álftanes haes a population o 2,484 as o Januar 2011. The veelage o Álftanes is locatit on Álftanes, as is the residence o the [[Preses o Iceland]], [[Bessastaðir]]. The municipality o Álftanes wis mergit intae the neebourin municipality o [[Garðabær]] in Januar 2013.[http://grapevine.is/News/ReadArticle/Merger-Of-Alftanes-And-Gardabaer-Approved] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507120034/http://grapevine.is/News/ReadArticle/Merger-Of-Alftanes-And-Gardabaer-Approved |date=2013-05-07 }} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Ceeties an touns in Iceland}} {{Municipalities o Iceland}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alftanes}} [[Category:Soothwast Iceland]] [[Category:Populatit places in Iceland]] [[Category:Peninsulaes o Iceland]] kta1suxjpibqpfuoqx6yfgtxltxkn6l Lyman 0 71946 916805 913978 2026-05-14T13:03:30Z Spokiyny 118080 916805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lyman''' ({{Lang-uk|Лиман}}) is a ceety in [[Donetsk Oblast]] ([[oblast|province]]) o [[Ukraine]]. Population is 1,780<ref>{{Cite web|last=Суспільне|date=2026-05-13|title=Скільки загалом жителів Донеччини залишаються в області. Дані ОВА|url=https://suspilne.media/donbas/1310670-skilki-zagalom-ziteliv-doneccini-zalisautsa-v-oblasti-dani-ova/|access-date=2026-05-14|website=suspilne.media|language=uk}}</ref> ==History== It wis foondit in the 17t century bi cossacks as Liman (Lyman). In the course o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Roushie in 1708–1710|admeenistrative reform]] carriet oot in 1708 bi [[Peter the Great]], Liman wis explicitly mentioned as ane o the touns includit tae [[Azov Govrenorate]].<ref name="1708List">[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref name="ATSBook">{{Cite book|last=Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области.|title=Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920-1993 гг.). Справочник|publisher=Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север"|year=1995|location=Мурманск|pages=19–20}}</ref> The toun obtained the prefix Krasnyi (Red) in 1925. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://vimeo.com/42933596 Krasnyi Lyman Promo Video (May 2012)] {{Donetsk Oblast}} {{Coord|48|59|7|N|37|48|40|E|type:city|display=title}} [[Category:Ceeties in Donetsk Oblast]] {{Stub/Ukraine}} dn15cogtdc78by4va1b1gcf3d55bpal Michael Jordan 0 81244 916820 909141 2026-05-15T09:23:27Z ~2026-29291-21 131305 916820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael_Jordan.jpg|thumb|Michael Jordan]] '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born [[17 Februar|February 17]], [[1963]] in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]]) is a former [[Americans|American]] [[basketbaw|basketball]] player. Many folk believe Jordan is one of the greatest basketball players to ever play in the [[NBA]]. He won six [[NBA Finals|championships]] an six times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, playin for the [[Chicago Bulls]] an head [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane season playin thegither with teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan won twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gold medals for basketball. His first gold medal wis in 1984 as a college player an his second wis in 1992 as an NBA player. Nat Hutt dogged on jordan when jordan was in his prime, the score was 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] kc5fj8izm29ujtxwruc7521g7fhgpxj 916821 916820 2026-05-15T10:21:30Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Revertit edit o ~2026-29291-21, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 863881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael_Jordan.jpg|thumb|Michael Jordan]] '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born [[17 Februar|Februar 17]], [[1963]] in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]]) is a former [[Americans|American]] [[basketbaw]] player. Many fowk believe Jordan is one of the greatest basketball players to ever play in the [[NBA]]. He won six [[NBA Finals|championships]] an six times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, playin for the [[Chicago Bulls]] an head [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane season playin thegither with teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan won twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gold medals for basketball. His first gold medal wis in 1984 as a college player an his second wis in 1992 as an NBA player. Nat Hutt dogged on jordan when jordan was in his prime, the score was 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] olxbwsymi7syyso7c4se8loh548yhbr 916823 916821 2026-05-15T10:23:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 916823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael_Jordan.jpg|thumb|Michael Jordan]] '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born 17 Februar 1963) is a former [[Americans|American]] [[basketbaw]] player. Many fowk believe Jordan is one of the greatest basketball players to ever play in the [[NBA]]. He won six [[NBA Finals|championships]] an six times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, playin for the [[Chicago Bulls]] an head [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane season playin thegither with teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan won twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gold medals for basketball. His first gold medal wis in 1984 as a college player an his second wis in 1992 as an NBA player. Nat Hutt dogged on jordan when jordan was in his prime, the score was 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] 3jeziscei2cfgm6yl1wgexawqtra3xt 916824 916823 2026-05-15T10:27:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 916824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael_Jordan.jpg|thumb|Michael Jordan]] '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born 17 Februar 1963) is a umwhile American [[basketbaw]] pleyer. Mony fowk believe Jordan is ane o the mucklest basketbaw pleyers tae iver pley in the [[NBA]]. He wan sax [[NBA Finals|championships]] an sax times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, pleyin fur the [[Chicago Bulls]] an heid [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane saison pleyin thegither wi teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan wan twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medals fur basketbaw. His furst gowd medal wis in 1984 as a college pleyer an his seicont wis in 1992 as an NBA pleyer. Nat Hutt dogged on Jordan whan Jordan wis in his prime, the score wis 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] mhe0o9dklnocmgxfo6dieihopfpbb2e 916825 916824 2026-05-15T10:49:18Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 916825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox basketball biography | name = Michael Jordan | image = Michael Jordan in 2014.jpg | caption = Jordan in 2014 | league = [[NBA]] | team = Charlotte Hornets | position = Minority awner | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|2|17}} | birth_place = [[New York Ceety]], New York, U.S. | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 6 | weight_lbs = 216 | weight_footnote = {{efn|Jordan's wecht fluctuatit frae {{convert|195|to|218|lb|kg|abbr=on}} durin the course o his professional career;<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Telander |first=Rick |date=February 14, 2018 |title=Michael Jordan Put on a Helluva Show at '88 All-Star Weekend |url=https://www.slamonline.com/nba/michael-jordan-1988-all-star/ |magazine=Slam |access-date=30 October 2023 |archive-date=2 Januar 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102174109/https://www.slamonline.com/nba/michael-jordan-1988-all-star/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Quinn |first=Sam |title=How Michael Jordan bulked up to outmuscle Pistons, win first NBA championship with Bulls |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/how-michael-jordan-bulked-up-to-outmuscle-pistons-win-first-nba-championship-with-bulls/ |website=[[CBS Sports]] |date=11 Mey 2020 |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716235701/https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/how-michael-jordan-bulked-up-to-outmuscle-pistons-win-first-nba-championship-with-bulls/ |archive-date=16 Julie 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="left" /> his NBA leetit wecht wis {{convert|216|lb|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Jordan Info Page |url=http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=michael_jordan |publisher=NBA |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615075213/http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=michael_jordan |archive-date=15 Juin 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nbah">{{cite web |title=Michael Jordan Bio |url=http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |publisher=NBA |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902114359/http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |archive-date=2 September 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BullsHistorical">{{cite web |title=Chicago Bulls: Historical |url=https://www.nba.com/media/bulls/10historical_0708.pdf |page=362 |publisher=NBA |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026071652/https://www.nba.com/media/bulls/10historical_0708.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | high_school = [[Emsley A. Laney Heich Schuil|Emsley A. Laney]]<br />([[Wilmington, North Carolina]]) | college = [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw|North Carolina]] (1981–1984) | draftyear = 1984 | draftround = 1 | draftpick = 3 | draftteam = [[Chicago Bulls]] | career_start = 1984–1993, 1995–1998, 2001 | career_end = 2003 | career_position = [[Shootin guard]] / [[smaa forward]] | career_number = 23, 12,{{efn|Jordan wore a nameless No. 12 jersey in a 14 Februar 1990, gemme against the [[Orlando Magic]] acause his No. 23 jersey haed been stolen.<ref>Strauss, Chris (December 12, 2012). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/12/12/nba-jordan-bulls-12/1763265/ "The greatest No. 12 that no one is talking about"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008123352/https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/12/12/nba-jordan-bulls-12/1763265/ |date= 8 October 2022 }}. ''USA Today''. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</ref>}} 45 | years1 = {{nbay|1984|start}}–{{nbay|1992|end}},<br />{{nbay|1994|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}} | team1 = [[Chicago Bulls]] | years2 = {{nbay|2001|start}}–{{nbay|2002|end}} | team2 = [[Washington Wizards]] | highlights = * 6× [[NBA champion]] ({{nbafy|1991}}–{{nbafy|1993}}, {{nbafy|1996}}–{{nbafy|1998}}) * 6× [[NBA Finals MVP]] ({{nbafy|1991}}–{{nbafy|1993}}, {{nbafy|1996}}–{{nbafy|1998}}) * 5× [[NBA Maist Valuable Pleyer]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}, {{nbay|1990|end}}, {{nbay|1991|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}, {{nbay|1997|end}}) * 14× [[NBA Aw-Starn]] ({{nasg|1985}}–{{nasg|1993}}, {{nasg|1996}}–{{nasg|1998}}, {{nasg|2002}}, {{nasg|2003}}) * 3× [[NBA Aw-Starn Gemme MVP]] ({{nasg|1988}}, {{nasg|1996}}, {{nasg|1998}}) * 10× [[Aw-NBA Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1986|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * [[Aw-NBA Seicont Team]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * [[NBA Defensive Pleyer o the Year]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}) * 9× [[NBA Aw-Defensive Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * [[NBA Rookie o the Year]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * [[NBA Aw-Rookie Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * 10× [[NBA scorin champion]] ({{nbay|1986|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * 3× [[Leet o Naitional Basketbaw Association annual steals leaders|NBA steals leader]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}, {{nbay|1989|end}}, {{nbay|1992|end}}) * 2× [[NBA Slam Dunk Contest]] champion ({{nasg|1987}}, {{nasg|1988}}) * {{abbr|No.|Number}} 23 [[Chicago Bulls#Retired nummers an honorees|retired bi Chicago Bulls]] * {{abbr|No.|Number}} 23 [[Miami Heat#Retired nummers|retired bi Miami Heat]] * 3× [[AP Athlete o the Year]] ({{nbay|1990|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}) * [[Sports Illustrated Sportsperson o the Year|''Sports Illustrated'' Sportsperson o the Year]] (1991) * [[NBA anniversary team]] ([[50 Mucklest Pleyers in NBA History|50t]], [[NBA 75t Anniversary Team|75t]]) * [[Leet o NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw champions|NCAA champion]] ([[1982 NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw tournament|1982]]) * Consensus [[Leet o U.S. men's college basketbaw naitional pleyer o the year awairds|naitional college pleyer o the year]] ([[1983–84 NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw saison|1984]]) * 2× [[Sportin News Men's College Basketbaw Pleyer o the Year|''Sportin News'' Naitional Pleyer o the Year]] (1983, 1984) * 2× Consensus furst-team [[NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|Aw-American]] ([[1983 NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|1983]], [[1984 NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|1984]]) * [[Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketbaw Pleyer o the Year|ACC Pleyer o the Year]] (1984) * [[ACC Athlete o the Year]] (1984) * 2× Furst-team [[Leet o Aw-Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketbaw teams|Aw-ACC]] (1983, 1984) * [[Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketbaw Rookie o the Year|ACC Rookie o the Year]] (1982) * No. 23 [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw retired nummers|retired bi North Carolina Tar Heels]] * 3× [[USA Basketbaw Male Athlete o the Year]] (1983, 1984, 1992{{Efn|As pairt o the 1992 Olympic team}}) * [[McDonald's Aw-American Gemme|McDonald's Aw-American]] ([[1981 McDonald's Aw-American Lads Gemme|1981]]) * Furst-team [[Parade Aw-Americae Lads Basketbaw Team|''Parade'' Aw-American]] (1981) * [[Presidential Medal o Freedom]] (2016) | stats_league = NBA | stat1label = [[Pynt (basketbaw)|Pynts]] | stat1value = 32,292 (30.1 ppg) | stat2label = [[Reboond (basketbaw)|Reboonds]] | stat2value = 6,672 (6.2 rpg) | stat3label = [[Assist (basketbaw)|Assists]] | stat3value = 5,633 (5.3 apg) | HOF_player = michael-jordan | FIBA_HOF_player = Michael-JORDAN | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Country|the {{bk|USA}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Basketbaw at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Basketbaw at the 1984 Simmer Olympics – Men's tournament|1984 Los Angeles]]|[[1984 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Basketbaw at the 1992 Simmer Olympics – Men's tournament|1992 Barcelona]]|[[1992 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Tournament o the Americaes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[1992 Tournament o the Americaes|1992 Portland]]|[[1992 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Pan American Gemmes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[1983 Pan American Gemmes|1983 Caracas]]|[[Basketbaw at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes|Men's basketbaw]]}} }} '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born 17 Februar 1963) is a umwhile American [[basketbaw]] pleyer. Mony fowk believe Jordan is ane o the mucklest basketbaw pleyers tae iver pley in the [[NBA]]. He wan sax [[NBA Finals|championships]] an sax times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, pleyin fur the [[Chicago Bulls]] an heid [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane saison pleyin thegither wi teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan wan twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medals fur basketbaw. His furst gowd medal wis in 1984 as a college pleyer an his seicont wis in 1992 as an NBA pleyer. Nat Hutt dogged on Jordan whan Jordan wis in his prime, the score wis 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] icyecy8pjebr43vmnv6ngu916wa5rd0 916826 916825 2026-05-15T10:52:01Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 916826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox basketball biography | name = Michael Jordan | image = Michael Jordan in 2014.jpg | caption = Jordan in 2014 | league = [[NBA]] | team = Charlotte Hornets | position = Minority awner | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|2|17}} | birth_place = [[New York Ceety]], New York, U.S. | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 6 | weight_lbs = 216 | weight_footnote = {{efn|Jordan's wecht fluctuatit frae {{convert|195|to|218|lb|kg|abbr=on}} durin the course o his professional career;<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Telander |first=Rick |date=14 Februar 2018 |title=Michael Jordan Put on a Helluva Show at '88 All-Star Weekend |url=https://www.slamonline.com/nba/michael-jordan-1988-all-star/ |magazine=Slam |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-date=2 Januar 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102174109/https://www.slamonline.com/nba/michael-jordan-1988-all-star/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Quinn |first=Sam |title=How Michael Jordan bulked up to outmuscle Pistons, win first NBA championship with Bulls |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/how-michael-jordan-bulked-up-to-outmuscle-pistons-win-first-nba-championship-with-bulls/ |website=[[CBS Sports]] |date=11 Mey 2020 |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716235701/https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/how-michael-jordan-bulked-up-to-outmuscle-pistons-win-first-nba-championship-with-bulls/ |archive-date=16 Julie 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="left" /> his NBA leetit wecht wis {{convert|216|lb|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Jordan Info Page |url=http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=michael_jordan |publisher=NBA |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615075213/http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=michael_jordan |archive-date=15 Juin 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nbah">{{cite web |title=Michael Jordan Bio |url=http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |publisher=NBA |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902114359/http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html |archive-date=2 September 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BullsHistorical">{{cite web |title=Chicago Bulls: Historical |url=https://www.nba.com/media/bulls/10historical_0708.pdf |page=362 |publisher=NBA |access-date=15 Mey 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026071652/https://www.nba.com/media/bulls/10historical_0708.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | high_school = [[Emsley A. Laney Heich Schuil|Emsley A. Laney]]<br />([[Wilmington, North Carolina]]) | college = [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw|North Carolina]] (1981–1984) | draftyear = 1984 | draftround = 1 | draftpick = 3 | draftteam = [[Chicago Bulls]] | career_start = 1984–1993, 1995–1998, 2001 | career_end = 2003 | career_position = [[Shootin guard]] / [[smaa forward]] | career_number = 23, 12,{{efn|Jordan wore a nameless No. 12 jersey in a 14 Februar 1990, gemme against the [[Orlando Magic]] acause his No. 23 jersey haed been stolen.<ref>Strauss, Chris (December 12, 2012). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/12/12/nba-jordan-bulls-12/1763265/ "The greatest No. 12 that no one is talking about"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008123352/https://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/12/12/nba-jordan-bulls-12/1763265/ |date= 8 October 2022 }}. ''USA Today''. Retrieved 15 Mey 2026.</ref>}} 45 | years1 = {{nbay|1984|start}}–{{nbay|1992|end}},<br />{{nbay|1994|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}} | team1 = [[Chicago Bulls]] | years2 = {{nbay|2001|start}}–{{nbay|2002|end}} | team2 = [[Washington Wizards]] | highlights = * 6× [[NBA champion]] ({{nbafy|1991}}–{{nbafy|1993}}, {{nbafy|1996}}–{{nbafy|1998}}) * 6× [[NBA Finals MVP]] ({{nbafy|1991}}–{{nbafy|1993}}, {{nbafy|1996}}–{{nbafy|1998}}) * 5× [[NBA Maist Valuable Pleyer]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}, {{nbay|1990|end}}, {{nbay|1991|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}, {{nbay|1997|end}}) * 14× [[NBA Aw-Starn]] ({{nasg|1985}}–{{nasg|1993}}, {{nasg|1996}}–{{nasg|1998}}, {{nasg|2002}}, {{nasg|2003}}) * 3× [[NBA Aw-Starn Gemme MVP]] ({{nasg|1988}}, {{nasg|1996}}, {{nasg|1998}}) * 10× [[Aw-NBA Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1986|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * [[Aw-NBA Seicont Team]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * [[NBA Defensive Pleyer o the Year]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}) * 9× [[NBA Aw-Defensive Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * [[NBA Rookie o the Year]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * [[NBA Aw-Rookie Furst Team]] ({{nbay|1984|end}}) * 10× [[NBA scorin champion]] ({{nbay|1986|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}, {{nbay|1995|end}}–{{nbay|1997|end}}) * 3× [[Leet o Naitional Basketbaw Association annual steals leaders|NBA steals leader]] ({{nbay|1987|end}}, {{nbay|1989|end}}, {{nbay|1992|end}}) * 2× [[NBA Slam Dunk Contest]] champion ({{nasg|1987}}, {{nasg|1988}}) * {{abbr|No.|Number}} 23 [[Chicago Bulls#Retired nummers an honorees|retired bi Chicago Bulls]] * {{abbr|No.|Number}} 23 [[Miami Heat#Retired nummers|retired bi Miami Heat]] * 3× [[AP Athlete o the Year]] ({{nbay|1990|end}}–{{nbay|1992|end}}) * [[Sports Illustrated Sportsperson o the Year|''Sports Illustrated'' Sportsperson o the Year]] (1991) * [[NBA anniversary team]] ([[50 Mucklest Pleyers in NBA History|50t]], [[NBA 75t Anniversary Team|75t]]) * [[Leet o NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw champions|NCAA champion]] ([[1982 NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw tournament|1982]]) * Consensus [[Leet o U.S. men's college basketbaw naitional pleyer o the year awairds|naitional college pleyer o the year]] ([[1983–84 NCAA Diveesion a men's basketbaw saison|1984]]) * 2× [[Sportin News Men's College Basketbaw Pleyer o the Year|''Sportin News'' Naitional Pleyer o the Year]] (1983, 1984) * 2× Consensus furst-team [[NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|Aw-American]] ([[1983 NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|1983]], [[1984 NCAA Men's Basketbaw Aw-Americans|1984]]) * [[Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketbaw Pleyer o the Year|ACC Pleyer o the Year]] (1984) * [[ACC Athlete o the Year]] (1984) * 2× Furst-team [[Leet o Aw-Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketbaw teams|Aw-ACC]] (1983, 1984) * [[Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketbaw Rookie o the Year|ACC Rookie o the Year]] (1982) * No. 23 [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw retired nummers|retired bi North Carolina Tar Heels]] * 3× [[USA Basketbaw Male Athlete o the Year]] (1983, 1984, 1992{{Efn|As pairt o the 1992 Olympic team}}) * [[McDonald's Aw-American Gemme|McDonald's Aw-American]] ([[1981 McDonald's Aw-American Lads Gemme|1981]]) * Furst-team [[Parade Aw-Americae Lads Basketbaw Team|''Parade'' Aw-American]] (1981) * [[Presidential Medal o Freedom]] (2016) | stats_league = NBA | stat1label = [[Pynt (basketbaw)|Pynts]] | stat1value = 32,292 (30.1 ppg) | stat2label = [[Reboond (basketbaw)|Reboonds]] | stat2value = 6,672 (6.2 rpg) | stat3label = [[Assist (basketbaw)|Assists]] | stat3value = 5,633 (5.3 apg) | HOF_player = michael-jordan | FIBA_HOF_player = Michael-JORDAN | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Country|the {{bk|USA}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Basketbaw at the Simmer Olympics|Olympic Gemmes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Basketbaw at the 1984 Simmer Olympics – Men's tournament|1984 Los Angeles]]|[[1984 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Basketbaw at the 1992 Simmer Olympics – Men's tournament|1992 Barcelona]]|[[1992 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Tournament o the Americaes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[1992 Tournament o the Americaes|1992 Portland]]|[[1992 Unitit States men's Olympic basketbaw team|Men's basketbaw]]}} {{Medal|Competition|[[Pan American Gemmes]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[1983 Pan American Gemmes|1983 Caracas]]|[[Basketbaw at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes|Men's basketbaw]]}} }} '''Michael Jeffrey Jordan''' (born 17 Februar 1963) is a umwhile American [[basketbaw]] pleyer. Mony fowk believe Jordan is ane o the mucklest basketbaw pleyers tae iver pley in the [[NBA]]. He wan sax [[NBA Finals|championships]] an sax times he wis the MVP o the finals NBA, pleyin fur the [[Chicago Bulls]] an heid [[Coach (sport)|coach]] [[Phil Jackson]]. Jordan led the Bulls tae a record 72 wins in ane saison pleyin thegither wi teammates [[Dennis Rodman]], [[Scottie Pippen]] an [[Toni Kukoc]]. Jordan wan twa [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medals fur basketbaw. His furst gowd medal wis in 1984 as a college pleyer an his seicont wis in 1992 as an NBA pleyer. Nat Hutt dogged on Jordan whan Jordan wis in his prime, the score wis 101-7 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jordan, Michael}} [[Category:Michael Jordan| ]] [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Fowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae New York]] [[Category:ACC Athlete o the Year]] [[Category:African-American basketbaw players]] [[Category:African-American businessfowk]] [[Category:African-American sports executives an admeenistrators]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basebaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1982 NCAA Men's Diveesion I Final Fower]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1983 Pan American Gemmes]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Birmingham Barons players]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats executives]] [[Category:Charlotte Bobcats ainers]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:McDonald's High School All-Americans]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1984 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Medallists at the 1992 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae New York]] [[Category:Men's basketbaw players frae North Carolina]] [[Category:Naismith Memorial Basketbaw Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:National Basketball Association All-Stars]] [[Category:National Basketball Association players wi retired nummers]] [[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketbaw players]] [[Category:Olympic basketbaw players o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in basketbaw]] [[Category:Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketbaw)]] [[Category:Fowk frae Highland Park, Illinois]] [[Category:Shuitin guards]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Brooklyn]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Wilmington, North Carolina]] [[Category:Unitit States men's naitional basketbaw team players]] [[Category:Washington Wizards executives]] [[Category:Washington Wizards players]] hutgrlwwdkgqfnsw5hqrqgvla1w2bp2 Pirapora 0 89684 916809 907414 2026-05-14T20:04:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:MinasGerais Municip Pirapora.svg|thumb|right|250px| Location o Pirapora in the state o Minas Gerais]] '''Pirapora''' is a municipality ''([[Municipalities o Brazil|município]])'' in northcentral [[Minas Gerais]] in [[Brazil]]. Its population in 2014 wis 55,972 in a total aurie o 577&nbsp;km². The name Pirapora comes frae the [[Tupi leid|Tupi]] wirds for "fish" + "jump", referrin tae the [[piracema]] saison when a mass migration o fishes ascends the [[São Francisco River]] tae spawn. ==Location== Pirapora belangs tae its awn statistical microregion. The elevation o the municipal seat is 472 meters. It became a municipality in 1912. This municipality is locatit on the richt bank o the [[São Francisco River]] an is 340&nbsp;km. frae the state caipital. Neebourin municipalities are: [[Lagoa Grande, Minas Gerais|Lagoa Grande]], [[Coromandel, Minas Gerais|Coromandel]], [[Guarda-Mor]], [[Lagamar]] an [[Paracatu, Minas Gerais|Paracatu]]. Thare are twa destricts, besides the municipal seat: Claro de Minas, 12&nbsp;km. distant, an Vazamor, 32&nbsp;km. distant. ==History== The ceety is locatit on the richt bank o the great [[São Francisco River]], the langest river tae flow entirely inside Brazilian territory. Its history goes back tae the colonial period o the bandeirantes an the gowd panhandlers who follaeed the river upstream, arrivit at the rapids o Pirapora an foondit the dounset o São Gonçalo das Tabocas. In 1911 the smaw Arraial de São Gonçalo de Pirapora became the seat o a municipality an its name wis shortened tae Pirapora. Its street plan wis laid oot in the shape o a chess set, inspired bi the new caipital o Belo Horizonte, an the streets wur gien names o Brazilian states. Thare are heich-gate connections wi the main federal heich-gate, the BR 040, tae the wast. In 1910 the railwey came up frae the sooth an reached Pirapora, wi a brig (694 m) bein built athort the river. Thare wur plans tae extend the line tae the coast. At the end o the nineteen seiventies the line wis deactivatit, but the brig an the rails still remain. The day the river haes lost its economic importance an is mainly uised bi tourist boats that attempt tae recreate the spirit o the past, when Mississippi style riverboats wur uised tae go as far as Juazeiro in Bahia. These boats uised charcoal, which contributit tae the disappearance o the vegetation alang the river. Ane o the auld paddle wheel steamboats, the [[Benjamim Guimarães]], can still be seen anchored in front o the ceety an is a major tourist steid.<ref name="City government site">[http://www.pirapora.mg.gov.br/ City government site]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==The economy== The main economic activities are industry, cattle raisin, fermin (baith extensive mechanisit an subsistence), guids an services, an tourism. The GDP for 2005 was R$662,985,000. In the landwart aurie thare wur 605 ferms an a total agricultural aurie o 57,000 hectares, o which 38,000 ha. wur plantit, 14,000 wur in natural pastur, an 13,000 ha. wur in firthland o forest. 2,800 fowk wur dependent on fermin. 107 o the ferms haed tractors. In 2006 thare wur 9,600 heid o cattle.<ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/default.php Statistics from IBGE]</ref> Wi irrigation Pirapora haes become a major producer o tropical fruits, growin eatin grapes, papaya, mangoes, cantaloupe, an guava. Thare is production on a smawer scale o corn, beans, rice, manioc, tomatoes, lettuce, an bananas an aw.<ref name="City government site"/> Accordin tae the ceety govrenment steid,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pirapora.mg.gov.br/index.php?page=paginas&idPagina=1 |title=City government |access-date=2015-02-18 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190646/http://www.pirapora.mg.gov.br/index.php?page=paginas&idPagina=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pirapora is the seicont maist important ceety in the north o Minas, efter Montes Claros, in industrial ootput. Thare is a industrial pairk whaur several smaw an middlin industries are instawed. Airn silicon, metallic silicon, an textiles are producit. ==Halth an eddication== In 2005 thare wur 39 health establishments—25 public an 14 private. Thare wis 01 public hospital an 02 private hospitals. The nummer o hospital beds wis 133. The Centro Regional de Saúde da Visão is a public clinic that specializes in eye surgery an attracts patients frae aw ower the north o Minas Gerais. In 2007 thare wur three institutes o heicher learnin in the ceety: Instituto Educacional Santo Agostinho (private), União de Ensino de Minas Gerais Ltda (private), and UNIMONTES-Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (public).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telelistas.net/1/21_MG/31578_pirapora/214/316/36153/faculdades-universidades.htm |title=Telelistas |access-date=2015-02-18 |archive-date=2012-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209084912/http://www.telelistas.net/1/21_MG/31578_pirapora/214/316/36153/faculdades-universidades.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The score on the Municipal [[Human Development Index]] wis 0.758. Pirapora wis rankit 235 oot o 853 municipalities in the state, wi [[Poços de Caldas]] in first place wi 0.841 an [[Setubinha]] in last place wi 0.568.<ref>[http://www.frigoletto.com.br/GeoEcon/idhmg.htm Frigoletto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706152853/http://www.frigoletto.com.br/GeoEcon/idhmg.htm |date=2011-07-06 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.santoagostinho.edu.br/pinf.aspx?cod=2508 Faculdades Santo Agostinho]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.pirapora.mg.gov.br/ Ceety govrenment steid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531074759/http://www.pirapora.mg.gov.br/ |date=2014-05-31 }} {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} {{coord|17|20|52|S|44|56|37|W|display=title|region:BR_type:city}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] kw1be7yzbbfc6gmhbjpfqrw603sdgea SpongeBob SquarePants 0 127722 916816 915486 2026-05-15T01:18:36Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{noscots}} {{Infobox television | show_name = SpongeBob SquarePants | image = SBSP logo.png | image_size = 250 | genre = {{Plainlist| * Comedy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/spongebob-squarepants-animated-tv-series-v288852|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|title=SpongeBob SquarePants [Animated TV Series]|author=Erickson, Hal|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref> *Slapstick *Surreal humor}} | runtime = 11 minutes (regular episodes anly)<br />22 minutes (special episodes anly) | creautor = [[Stephen Hillenburg]] | developer = {{Plainlist| * [[Derek Drymon]] * [[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]] * [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] }} | creative_director = {{Plainlist| * Derek Drymon <small>(1999–2004)</small> * [[Vincent Waller]] <small>(2005–15)</small> }} | opentheme = "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Theme", performed by [[Patrick Pinney]] | endtheme = "SpongeBob Closing Theme", written by Steve Belfer and Nicolas Carr | theme_music_composer = Derek Drymon<br />Mark Harrison<br />Stephen Hillenburg<br />Blaise Smith | composer = Steve Belfer<br />Nicolas Carr<br />Sage Guyton<br />Jeremy Wakefield<br />Brad Carow <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />[[The Blue Hawaiians]] <small>(1999–2002)</small><br />Eban Schletter <small>(2000–present)</small><br />Barry Anthony <small>(2006–15)</small> | vyces = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Kenny]] * [[Bill Fagerbakke]] * [[Rodger Bumpass]] * [[Clancy Brown]] * [[Mr. Lawrence]] * [[Carolyn Lawrence]] * ([[List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members|Complete list]]) }} | kintra = United States | leid = Inglis | network = [[Nickelodeon]] | picture_format = {{Plainlist| * [[480i]] ([[4:3]] [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[1080i]] ([[16:9]] [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | audio_format = {{Plainlist| * Advantage Audio Services ([[NTSC]]) <small>(1999–2012)</small> * [[Dolby Surround]] 5.1 (NTSC) <small>(2009, 2012–present)</small> }} | first_aired = {{Start date|1999|05|01}} | last_aired = {{End date|present}} | num_seasons = 13 <!--(anly update when that season aired/premiered)--> | num_episodes = <onlyinclude>278</onlyinclude> | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Stephen Hillenburg * [[Paul Tibbitt]] <small>(2008–17)</small> * <small>'''Co-Executive Producers:'''</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2006–08)</small> }} | producer = {{Plainlist| * Donna Castricone <small>(1999–2002)</small> * Helen Kafatic <small>(2002–04)</small> * Anne Michaud <small>(2001)</small> * Dina Buteyn <small>(2005–10)</small> * Jennie Monica Hammond <small>(2010–present)</small> * <small>'''Supervising Producers:'''</small> * Derek Drymon <small>(2002–04)</small> * Paul Tibbitt <small>(2005–15)</small> * Marc Ceccarelli <small>(2015–present)</small> * Vincent Waller <small>(2015–present)</small> }} | list_episodes = List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes | company = {{Plainlist| * [[United Plankton Pictures]] * [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] * Rough Draft Korea (animation service) }} | distributor = [[Viacom International Media Networks]] (International)<br />[[Paramount Television]] | relatit = ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' | website = http://www.nick.com/spongebob-squarepants }} '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' is an American [[Animatit series|animatit televeesion series]] creatit bi [[marine biology|marine biologist]] an [[animator]] [[Stephen Hillenburg]] for [[Nickelodeon]]. The series chronicles the adventures an endeavors o [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|the title character]] an his various friends in the fictional underwater city o Bikini Bottom. The series' popularity haes made it mak a [[media franchise]], as well as the heichest rated series tae ever air on Nickelodeon, an the maist distributed property o [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<!--It haes never been produced by Nelvana, or Teletoon ootside of the United States. Ony removal of that will be considered vandalizing.--> As of 2024, the media franchise haes generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-29/spongebob-new-movie-12-billion-in-endorsement-deals|title=SpongeBob Muscles Up |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|last=Gillette|first=Felix|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> Mony of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which Hillenburg creatit in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|title=Casetext|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-date=2015-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015441/https://casetext.com/case/walker-v-viacom-international|url-status=dead}}</ref> He began developin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' intae a telly series in 1996 upon the cancellation of ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'', an turned tae [[Tom Kenny]], who haed worked wi him on that series, tae vyce the title character. SpongeBob wis oreeginally going tae be named ''SpongeBoy'', an the series wis tae be cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!'', but thir war baith changed, as the name wis already trademarked. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on Mey 1, 1999, follaein the television airing of the [[1999 Kids' Choice Awards]]. The series offeecially premiered on Julie 17, 1999. It haes received warldwide critical acclaim syne its premiere and gained enormous popularity by its seicont season. A featur film, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'', wis released in theaters on November 19, 2004, an [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|a sequel]] wis released on Februar 6, 2015. On October 15, 2016, the series began airing its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)|tenth season]], beginnin wi the episode "Whirly Brains". In Mey 2017, the show wis annoonced tae be renewed for a 12t season. The series haes won a variety of awards, includin six [[Annie Award]]s, aicht [[Motion Picture Sound Editors#Golden Reel Awards|Golden Reel Awards]], twa [[Emmy Award]]s, 12 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Kids' Choice Awards]], and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Awards]]. Despite its widespread popularity, the series haes been involved in several public controversies, includin ane centred on speculation over SpongeBob's intendit sexual orientation, an anither focusing on the perceived declining quality of the show's content syne the release of the first film. In 2011, a newly describit species of fungi, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis named efter the cartoon's title character. ==Premise== ===Characters=== {{Main article|List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters}} The series revolves aroond its title character and his various friends. [[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)|SpongeBob SquarePants]] is an energetic and optimistic [[sponge|sea sponge]] (awtho his appearance more closely resembles a [[sponge (material)|kitchen sponge]]) who lifes in a [[sea pineapple]] and loves his job as a fry cook at the [[Krusty Krab]]. He haes a pet [[snail]], [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Gary the Snail|Gary]], who meows lik a cat. Livin twa houses down from SpongeBob is his best friend [[Patrick Star]], a dim-witted yet friendly pink [[starfish]] who lifes unner a rock. Despite his mental setbacks, Patrick still sees himsel as intelligent.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Squidtastic Voyage|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=75a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=October 6, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, Dani Michaeli}}</ref> [[Squidward Tentacles]] is SpongeBob's next-door neighbor and co-wirker at the Krusty Krab.<ref name=Brown/> Squidward is an arrogant and ill-tempered [[octopus]] who lifes in an Easter Island [[moai]] and dislikes his neighbors (especially SpongeBob) for thair childlike behaviour. He enjoys playin the [[clarinet]] and painting self-portraits, but hates his job as a [[cashier]]. Anither close friend of SpongeBob is [[Sandy Cheeks]], a [[squirrel]]<!-- Do nae put what kynd of squirrel Sandy is wioot a reliable source. --> from Texas.<ref name=Texas>{{cite episode|title=Texas|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=18a|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 22, 2000|credits=Writers: [[Sherm Cohen]], [[Vincent Waller]], David Fain}}</ref> She is a scientist and an expert in [[karate]].<ref>{{cite episode|title=Chimps Ahoy|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=4|number=70b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 5, 2006|credits=Writers: [[Luke Brookshier]], Tom King, [[Steven Banks]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Karate Choppers|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=1|number=14b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=December 31, 1999|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[Erik Wiese]], [[Merriwether Williams]]}}</ref> She lifes in an oak tree entrapped in a clear gless dome locked by an airtight, haund-turned seal. When ootside of her dwelling, she wears an [[astronaut]]-lik suit acause she canna breathe underwater.<ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=Arthur|title=Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!|year=2008|publisher=Arthur Brown|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oi8LiETHIC&pg=PA85&dq=Krusty+Krab#v=onepage&q=Krusty%20Krab&f=false}}</ref> [[Mr. Krabs]], a miserly [[crab]] obsessed wi money, is the ainer of the Krusty Krab restaurant and SpongeBob's boss.<ref name=Brown/> Krabs haes a teenage whale dochter named [[Mr. Krabs#Pearl|Pearl]], whom he values equally wi his riches.{{sfn|Beck|2013|page=84}} His rival, [[Plankton (character)|Plankton]], is a smaw green [[copepod]] who ains a law-rank [[fast-food]] restaurant cried the Chum Bucket, locatit across the street from the Krusty Krab.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Komputer Overload|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=6|number=118b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=March 19, 2009|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], Richard Pursel}}</ref> Plankton spends maist of his time planning to steal the secret recipe for Mr. Krabs's popular Krabby Patty burgers, sae as to gain the upper haund and put the Krusty Krab out of business.<ref name="Hist">{{cite episode|title=Krusty Krab Training Video|series=SpongeBob SquarePants|season=3|number=50b|network=Nickelodeon|airdate=May 10, 2002|credits=Writers: [[Aaron Springer]], [[C. H. Greenblatt]], [[Kent Osborne]]}}</ref> The majority of Plankton's plans come from his intelligent yet sarcastic computer wife [[Plankton (character)#Karen|Karen]], who is more competent and less conceited than him. When SpongeBob is nae wirkin at the Krusty Krab, he can eften be foond at [[Mrs. Puff]]'s boating schuil (the underwater equivalent o a [[driver's education]] course). SpongeBob is perpetually unable to pass Mrs. Puff's exams, which is why he awmaist ayeweys walks aroond toun.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/medien/spongebob-das-kind-im-schwamme/1209130.html|title=SpongeBob: Das Kind im Schwamme|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|publisher=[[Dieter von Holtzbrinck]]|date=December 4, 2008|last=Sichtermann|first=Barbara}}</ref> Ither recurring characters appear throughout the series, sic as the muscular lifeguard of Goo Lagoon, [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Larry the Lobster|Larry the Lobster]]; a pirate [[Ghost|specter]] kent as the [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#The Flying Dutchman|Flying Dutchman]]; and retired superheroes [[Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy]], who are idolized by SpongeBob and Patrick. Most dooble-lenth episodes of the show are hosted by a [[live action]] pirate named [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Patchy|Patchy]] and his pet parrot [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters#Potty|Potty]], whose segments are presented in a [[dual narrative]] wi the animated stories.<ref>{{cite news|title=Critic's corner|author=Bianco, Robert|date=March 21, 2003|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|page=12E}}</ref> SpongeBoab Petrick Starn Saundy Erse Squeedward Mister Kruben Purl Kruben Wummin hae daes th boatin schuil ===Setting=== The series predominantly taks place in the [[benthic]] underwater city o Bikini Bottom which, accordin to some [[third-party source]]s, is locatit in the [[Pacific Ocean]] beneath the real-life [[coral reef]] kent as [[Bikini Atoll]].<ref>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=30 October 2013|date=8 March 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="QSR">{{Cite news|url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |title=Burger King SpongeBob SquarePants |accessdate=August 19, 2010 |work=QSR Magazone |date=June 7, 2001 |author=QSR Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021075539/http://www.qsrmagazine.com/articles/news/story.phtml?id=3354 |archivedate=October 21, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In 2015, Tom Kenny confirmt that the fictitious city wis named efter Bikini Atoll, but deniet an Internet fan theory that connectit the series' characters to actual [[Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll|nuclear testing that occurred in the atoll]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bradley|first=Bill|date=10 Feb 2015|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Answers 7 Big Questions And Debunks 1 Popular Theory|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/07/spongebob-squarepants-theory_n_6627556.html|publisher=The Huffington Post|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref> The ceetizens live in maistly aquatic-themed buildings and uise "boatmobiles", amalgamations of cars and [[boat]]s, as a mode of transportation. Recurring establishments present in Bikini Bottom include twa competin restaurants, the Krusty Krab an the Chum Bucket; Mrs. Puff's Boating School; and Shady Shoals Rest Home. Goo Lagoon, a popular beach hangout, is within the vicinity of the city, as is Jellyfish Fields. Thare are an aa a few episodes wi businesses sic as the grocery store, joke store, an mattress store. When the crew began production on the pilot, thay war tasked wi designing the stock locations whaur "the show would return to again and again, and in which most of the action would take place, such as the Krusty Krab and SpongeBob's pineapple house".<ref name=PittengerHA>{{cite news | author = Pittenger, Kenny | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the series wis "to keep everything nautical", sae the crew uised a great amount of rope, widden planks, ships' wheels, netting, anchors, boilerplates, an rivets in creautin the show's setting. Bubbles filing up the screen is an aa a nautical technique uised to transition from scene to scene.<ref name=PittengerHA/> The series features "sky flowers" as a main setting material.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Thay first appeared in the pilot and hae syne acome a common featur throughout the series.<ref name=PittengerHA/> When series background designer Kenny Pittenger wis asked what thay war, he answered, "They function as clouds in a way, but since the show takes place underwater, they aren't really clouds".<ref name=PittengerHA/> Syne the series wis influenced by [[tiki]], the background painters hae to uise a lot of pattern.<ref name=PittengerHA/> Pittenger said that the sky flouers war meant to "evoke the look of a flower-print Hawaiian shirt".<ref name=PittengerHA/> ==Development== ===Early inspirations=== [[File:Ocean Institute, aerial shot, cropped.png|thumb|left|Afore creautin ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', Stephen Hillenburg taught marine biology to visitors of the [[Ocean Institute]] (locatit in [[Dana Point, California]]).<ref name="Ocean Institute" />]] Series creautor [[Stephen Hillenburg]] first became fascinated wi the ocean as a bairn. An aa at a young age, he began developin his artistic abilities. Houiver, thir twa interests wad nae coincide for a lang time—the idea of drawing fish seemed boring to him. During college, he majored in [[marine biology]] and minored in airt. Efter graduatin in 1984, he jynt the [[Ocean Institute]], an organisation in [[Dana Point, California]], dedicated to educating the public about [[marine science]] and [[maritime history]].<ref name="Ocean Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.ocean-institute.org/|title=Welcome to the Ocean Institute|work=ocean-institute.org|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Big Pop Fun">{{cite interview |people = [[Thomas F. Wilson|Wilson, Thomas F.]](Interviewer); Hillenburg, Stephen (Interviewee) |date = May 29, 2012 |title = Big Pop Fun #28: Stephen Hillenburg, Artist and Animator–Interview |url = http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2&c_id=4560686 |format = mp3 |medium = Podcast |publisher = [[Nerdist Industries]] |accessdate = December 21, 2013 |archive-date = 2013-12-21 |archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6M1QBJ1BZ?url=http://ec.libsyn.com/p/d/9/8/d98c6fd6cc81f188/BPF28_Stephen_Hillenburg_artist_and_animator.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01c08031d1c85f7cb2 |url-status = dead }}</ref> While Hillenburg wis thare, he creatit a precursor to ''SpongeBob SquarePants'': a comic book titled ''The Intertidal Zone'', which wis uised by the institute to teach veesitin students about the [[Tide pool#Life in the tide pool|ainimal life of tide pools]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> The comic starred various [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] sea lifeforms, mony of which wad evolve intae ''SpongeBob'' characters.{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}} Hillenburg tried to get the comic professionally published, but none of the companies to which he sent it war interested.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> ===Conception=== [[File:Stephen Hillenburg by Carlos Cazurro.jpg|250px|thumb|left| Stephen Hillenburg, creautor of SpongeBob SquarePants]] During his time o' employment at the Ocean Institute, Hillenburg attended an animation festival and determined that he wanted to pursue a career in that field. He haed already been planning on returning to college for a master's degree in airt. Insteid, he chose to study experimental animation at the [[California Institute of the Arts]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> His thesis film, ''Wormholes'', is about the theory of relativity.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants">{{cite AV media|last1=Hillenburg|first1=Stephen|last2=Murray|first2=Joe|last3=Drymon|first3=Derek|last4=Coleman|first4=Eric|last5=Hecht|first5=Albie|date=2003|title=The Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete First Season| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It wis screened at festivals, an at ane of thir, Hillenburg met [[Joe Murray (animator)|Joe Murray]], creautor of the popular [[Nickelodeon]] animated series, ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Murray wis impressed by the style of the film and offered Hillenburg a job.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons">{{Harvard citation|Neuwirth|2003|page=50–51}}</ref> Hillenburg jynt the series as a director and later, during the [[List of Rocko's Modern Life episodes#Season 4 (1996)|fowert season]], he teuk on the roles of producer and [[creative director]].{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=9}}<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants" /><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="TrainorMurray">{{cite interview|subject=Joe Murray|interviewer=Lisa Kiczuk Trainor|title=Lisa (Kiczuk) Trainor interviews Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life|url=http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|work=The Rocko's Modern Life FAQ|access-date=2017-05-31|archive-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420193919/http://www.title14.com/rocko/contributors/murray.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Martin Olson]], ane of the writers for ''Rocko's Modern Life'', read ''The Intertidal Zone'' and encouraged Hillenburg to creaut a television series wi a seemilar concept. At that point, Hillenburg haed nae even considered creautin his ain series. Houiver, he realized that if he ever did, this wad be the best approach.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=10}} He began to faur develop some of the characters from ''The Intertidal Zone'', includin the comic's "announcer", Bob the Sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> He wanted his series to staund out from maist popular cartoons of the time, which he felt war exemplified by [[Buddy comedy|buddy comedies]] sic as ''[[The Ren & Stimpy Show]]''. As a result, Hillenburg decidit to focus on ane main character: the weirdest sea creature that he coud think of. This led him tae the sponge.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/> Bob the Sponge resembles an actual sea sponge, an at first Hillenburg continued this design.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name= "Makin' Toons"/>{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}} In determining the new character's personality, Hillenburg drew inspiration from innocent, childlike figures that he enjoyed, sic as [[Charlie Chaplin]], [[Laurel and Hardy]], [[Jerry Lewis]], and [[Pee-wee Herman]].<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/><ref name="Banks pg. 30">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=30}}</ref><ref name=cartoonician>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Hogan's Alley|accessdate=August 28, 2015|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He then considered modelin the character efter a kitchen sponge and realized that this idea wad perfectly match the character's square personality.<ref name="Big Pop Fun"/><ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/><ref name="Makin' Toons"/> To vyce the central character of the series, Hillenburg turned to [[Tom Kenny]], whose career in animation haed stairtit alongside Hillenburg's on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''. Elements of Kenny's ain personality war employed in faur developin the character.<ref name="Excitable">{{cite news|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|newspaper=[[Tampa Bay Times|St Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=November 8, 2008|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Radio2">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=2008-11-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Initially, Hillenburg wanted to uise the name SpongeBoy&nbsp;— the character wad hae haed no last name, an the series wad hae been cried ''SpongeBoy Ahoy!''{{sfn|Banks|2004|page=31}}<ref name="Radio"/> Houiver, the Nickelodeon legal department discovered&nbsp;— efter vyce actin haed been completit for the oreeginal seiven-minute pilot episode&nbsp;— that the name "SpongeBoy" wis already in uise for a mop product.<ref name="Radio"/> ''[[Flaming Carrot Comics]]'' creautor [[Bob Burden]] an aa owned the trademark to a character of the same name.<ref name=OralHistory/> In choosing a replacement name, Hillenburg felt that he still haed to uise the wird "Sponge", sae that viewers wad nae mistake the character for a "Cheese Man". He settled on the name "SpongeBob". "SquarePants" wis then chosen as a faimily name efter Kenny saw a picture of the character and remarked, "Boy, look at this sponge in square pants, thinking he can get a job in a fast food place."<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/> Hillenburg loved the phrase upon hearing Kenny say it and felt that it wad reinforce the character's nerdiness.<ref name="Banks pg. 30"/><ref name="Neuwirth 2003, p. 51">{{harvnb|Neuwirth|2003|page=51}}</ref> ===Pitching=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=34em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The execs from Nickelodeon flew out to [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], and we [[pitch (filmmaking)|pitched]] it to them from the [[storyboard]]s. We had squeezy toys, wore Hawaiian shirts and used a boom box to play the [[Tiny Tim (musician)|Tiny Tim]] song ['[[Livin' in the Sunlight, Lovin' in the Moonlight]]'] that comes on in the third act. We really went all out in that pitch because we knew the pilot lived or died by if the execs lauched. When it was over, they walked out of the room to discuss it. We figured they would fly back to New York and we'd hear in a few weeks. We were surprised when they came back in what seemed like minutes and said they wanted to make it". |source=— [[Derek Drymon]]<ref name="DrymonHA"/> }} In 1997, while pitching the cartoon to Nickelodeon executives, Hillenburg donned a Hawaiian sark, brocht alang an "underwater [[Vivarium|terrarium]] with models of the characters", and played Hawaiian music to set the theme. The setup wis describit by Nickelodeon executive [[Eric Coleman (producer)|Eric Coleman]] as "pretty amazing".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> When thay war gien money and twa weeks to write the pilot episode "[[Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Help Wanted]]",<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Derek Drymon]], Stephen Hillenburg, an [[Nick Jennings (artist)|Nick Jennings]] returned wi what wis describit by Nickelodeon offeecial [[Albie Hecht]] as, "a performance [he] wished [he] had on tape".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> Awtho executive producer Derek Drymon describit the pitch as stressful, he said it went "very well".<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> [[Kevin Kay]] and Hecht haed to step ootside acause thay war "exhausted from lauching", which worried the cartoonists.<ref name="Origin of SpongeBob SquarePants"/> In an interview, [[Cyma Zarghami]], the current president of Nickelodeon, said, "their [Nickelodeon executives'] immediate reaction was to see it again, both because they liked it and it was unlike anything they'd ever seen before".<ref name="Huffington"/> Zarghami wis ane of fower executives in the room whan ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' wis screened for the first time.<ref name="Huffington"/> ==Production== ===Executive producers and showrunners=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=24em|style=max-width:40% |quote="It reached a point where I felt I'd contributed a lot and said what I wanted to say. At that point, the show needed new blood, and so I selected Paul [Tibbitt] to produce. I totally trusted him. I always enjoyed the way he captured the SpongeBob character's sense of humor. And as a writer, you have to move on—I'm developing new projects". |source=—[[Stephen Hillenburg]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref name=Childhood/> }} Series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haes served as the executive producer over the course of the series' entire history, an functioned as the [[showrunner]] from the series' debut in 1999 until 2004. The series went on [[hiatus (television)|hiatus]] in 2002, efter Hillenburg halted production to wirk on a featur film of the series, ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''.<ref name=OralHistory>{{cite web|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|date=September 21, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2013|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]|author=Heintjes, Tom|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ance the film wis finalized an the third season finished, Hillenburg resigned as the series' showrunner. Awtho he no langer haes a direct role in the production of the series, he still maintains an advisory role and reviews each episode.<ref name=Huffington>{{cite news|last=Bauder|first=David|title=SpongeBob Turns 10 Valued At $8 Billion|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208163834/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/14/spongebob-turns-10-valued_n_231304.html|archivedate=February 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Reaches A Milestone: 10 Years|url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|work=Access Hollywood|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030154235/http://www.accesshollywood.com/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-reaches-a-milestone-10-years_article_20514|url-status=dead}}</ref> When the film wis completit, Hillenburg intendit for it tae be the [[series finale]], "so [the show] wouldn't [[jump the shark]]." Houiver, Nickelodeon wanted more episodes,<ref name=OralHistory/> sae Hillenburg appyntit [[Paul Tibbitt]], who previously served on the show as a writer, director, an storyboard artist, to tak over his role as showrunner and produce faur seasons.<ref name=Tibbitt>{{cite web|last=Fletcher|first=Alex|title=Paul Tibbitt ('SpongeBob SquarePants')|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=April 3, 2011|archive-date=2013-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031235346/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/interviews/a312387/paul-tibbitt-spongebob-squarepants.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hillenburg considered Tibbitt ane of his favorite members of the show's crew,<ref name=Hilleburg1>{{cite video | people=Hillenburg, Stephen|date=2009|title=The First 100 Episodes&nbsp;— Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants|medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> and "totally trusted him".<ref name=Childhood/> Tibbitt still holds the showrunner poseetion, an haes an aa functioned as a supervising producer syne 2005 and an executive producer syne 2008.<ref name="Tibbitt"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Rae|first=Fiona|title=Paul Tibbitt interview|url=http://www.listener.co.nz/commentary/television/paul-tibbitt-interview/|work=New Zealand Listener|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> On December 13, 2014, it wis annoonced that Hillenburg wad return tae the series in an unspecified poseetion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/tv/spongebob-creator-stephen-hillenburg-returning-to-his-show-106935.html|author=Amid Amidi|title='SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg Returning to His Show|work=[[Cartoon Brew]]|date=December 13, 2014|accessdate=December 17, 2014}}</ref> ===Writing=== For ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' a team of five outline and premise writers creates the initial storylines. Writer [[Luke Brookshier]] said, "''SpongeBob'' is written differently than many television shows".<ref name=Producin>{{cite web|title=Interview with Luke Brookshier, SpongeBob SquarePants Storyboard Director|url=http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|publisher=4Mations|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=September 23, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323112314/http://www.4mations.tv/2009/09/interview-with-luke-brookshier-spongebob-squarepants-storyboard-director/|archivedate=March 23, 2012}}</ref> Writing for an episode of the series starts wi a twa-page outline. A storyboard director then takes the outline and develops it intae a full episode&nbsp;— jokes and dialogue are added during this stage.<ref name=Producin/><ref name=Williams>{{cite web|title=Writer Appreciation Day 2: Merriwether Williams|url=http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|work=The Round Stable|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=August 15, 2012|archive-date=2013-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622073845/http://www.roundstable.com/2012/08/15/writer-appreciation-day-2-merriwether-williams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anither writer for the series, [[Merriwether Williams]], describit in an interview that she and [[Mr. Lawrence]] wad write a draft for an episode in an afternoon and be done at 4 o'clock.<ref name=Williams/> Hillenburg decidit early on, prior to stairtin the production of the series, that he wanted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' tae be storyboard-driven, rather than [[screenplay|script]]-driven.<ref name=TomHA>{{cite news | author = Heintjes, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> This required an approach in which artists "would take a skeletal story outline and flesh it out with sight gags, dialogue and a structure that would strike a balance between narrative and whimsy".<ref name=TomHA/> Hillenburg oreeginally wanted "a team of young and hungry people" to wirk on the series.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The primary figures, who haed previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', consisted of [[Alan Smart]], Nick Jennings, an Derek Drymon.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Heid writer [[Steven Banks]] said, "The writers come up with an idea and write premises and outlines describing the story, and the storyboarders (who are also writers) write the dialogue while they draw the storyboard panels. Most other shows are script-driven. We don't write scripts and that has made all the difference!"<ref name=StevenB>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Bikini Bottom Confessions|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/bikini-bottom-confessions/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> The writing staff eften uised thair individual life experiences for inspirations to come up wi the storylines of the series' episodes.<ref name=DrymonHA/><ref name=Childhood>{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=The Interview: 'SpongeBob' Creator Stephen Hillenburg|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 25, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2012-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006111645/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/comic-riffs/2009/07/_tom_kenny_who_voices.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For ensaumple, the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", in which SpongeBob and [[Patrick Star|Patrick]] learn [[profanity]],<ref name=Childhood/> wis inspired by [[creative director]] Derek Drymon's experience of getting in trouble as a bairn for uisin [[Fuck|the f-wird]] in front of his mither.<ref name=DrymonHA/> Drymon said, "The scene where Patrick is running to [[Mr. Krabs]] to tattle, with SpongeBob chasing him, is pretty much how it happened in real life".<ref name=DrymonHA/> The end of the episode, in which Mr. Krabs uses even more profanity than SpongeBob and Patrick, wis inspired "by the fact that my [Drymon's] mother has a sailor mouth herself".<ref name=DrymonHA>{{cite news | author = Drymon, Derek | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The idea for the episode "The Secret Box" an aa came from ane of Drymon's childhood experiences.<ref name=Childhood/><ref name=WilliamsHA>{{cite news | author = Williams, Merriwether | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Hillenburg explained, "Drymon had a secret box [as a kid] and started telling us about it. We wanted to make fun of him ''and'' use it."<ref name=Childhood/> Awmaist every episode is dividit intae twa 11-minute segments. Hillenburg explained that "[I] never really wanted to deliberately try to write a half-hour show".<ref name=Childhood/> He added, "I wrote the shows to where they felt right".<ref name=Childhood/> Each 11-minute segment takes about five month to produce.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/639616200775888896|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/726440072145334273|title=Vincent Waller on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> ===Voice actors=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Steve described SpongeBob to me as childlike and naïve. He's not quite an adult, he's not quite a kid. Think a [[Stan Laurel]], [[Jerry Lewis]] kind of child-man. Kind of like a [[Munchkin]] but not quite, kind of like a kid, but not in a [[Charlie Brown]] child's voice on the TV shows". |source=— Tom Kenny<ref name=cartoonician/> }} ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes six main cast members: [[Tom Kenny]], [[Bill Fagerbakke]], [[Rodger Bumpass]], [[Clancy Brown]], [[Carolyn Lawrence]], and [[Mr. Lawrence]]. Kenny provides the vyces of SpongeBob SquarePants, his pet snail Gary, the French Narrator, Harold SquarePants, Patchy the Pirate, an the Dirty Bubble. Kenny previously worked wi Hillenburg on ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]'' and, whan Hillenburg creatit ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', he approached Kenny to vyce the character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|title=SpongeBob: the excitable, absorbent star of Bikini Bottom|last=Orlando|first=Dana|date=March 17, 2003|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219213018/http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/17/Xpress/SpongeBob__the_excita.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> The vyce of SpongeBob wis oreeginally uised by Kenny for a minor background character in ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=Radio /> Kenny says that SpongeBob's heich-pitched lauch wis specifically creatit tae be unique. Thay wanted an annoying lauch in the tradeetion of [[Popeye]] and [[Woody Woodpecker]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|title=SpongeBob's Alter Ego|date=December 30, 2002|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=2008-11-08|archive-date=2008-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220220843/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/12/27/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main534521.shtml?source=search_story|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fagerbakke vyces Patrick Star<ref name=Star>{{cite web|last=Crump|first=Steve|title=COLUMN: Do you remember Bill Fagerbakke? He's a star|url=http://magicvalley.com/news/local/article_77dc5ce6-783d-5532-baf1-b09328b232db.html|work=Magic Valley|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 19, 2009}}</ref> and ither miscellaneous characters. At the same time whan Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, an Tim Hill war writing the pilot "Help Wanted", Hillenburg wis an aa conducting auditions to find vyces for the characters.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Fagerbakke auditioned for the role of Patrick efter Kenny haed been cast.<ref name=Fagerbakkevoice>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Being Patrick Star: Toonzone Interviews Bill Fagerbakke on ''SpongeBob SquarePants''|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Toon Zone|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=November 11, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219000346/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/11/patrick-star-toonzone-interviews-bill-fagerbakke-spongebob-squarepants/|archivedate=December 19, 2013}}</ref> In an interview, Fagerbakke compared himsel tae the character and said, "It's extremely gratifying".<ref name=FagerbakkeInt>{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Patrick|title="Transformers:Animated"/"Spongebob Squarepants"/"Coach" – Bill Fagerbakke (2008)|url=http://www.thecultureshock.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=802&Itemid=44|work=The Culture Shock|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 14, 2008}}</ref> Fagerbakke modeled his performance whenever Patrick is angry efter that of American actress [[Shelley Winters]].<ref name="Banks, p. 33">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=33}}</ref> Bumpass performs the vyce of Squidward Tentacles and ither miscellaneous characters. Arthur Brown, author of ''Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!'', haes compared Squidward's vyce to that of [[Jack Benny]]'s,<ref name=Brown/> a similarity Bumpass says is maistly unintentional.<ref name=Bumpass>{{cite web|last=Reardon|first=Samantha|title=Rodger Bumpass is Squidward Tentacles|url=http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|work=[[The Signal (college newspaper)|The Signal]]|accessdate=March 28, 2014|date=September 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111302/http://georgiastatesignal.com/rodger-bumpass-is-squidward-tentacles/|archivedate=March 28, 2014}}</ref> Hillenburg oreeginally haed Mr. Lawrence in mind for the role of voicing Squidward.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Clancy Brown provides the vyce of [[Mr. Krabs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clancy Brown: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/clancy-brown/credits/144992|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Carolyn Lawrence provides the vyce of [[Sandy Cheeks]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/carolyn-lawrence/credits/212823|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Lawrence got the role of Sandy whan she wis in the [[Los Feliz, Los Angeles|Los Feliz]] neighborhood in Los Angeles. She met Donna Grillo, a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting director]], on a sidewalk. Lawrence wis wi a friend who knew Grillo, an she said Lawrence haed an interestin vyce. Grillo brocht in Lawrence to audeetion and she got the pairt of Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carolyn Lawrence Exclusive Interview|url=http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|work=The Star Scoop|accessdate=June 14, 2013|date=September 17, 2009|archive-date=2011-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164232/http://www.thestarscoop.com/interviews/carolyn-lawrence-exclusive-interview/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFANB Interview: Carolyn Lawrence, A.K.A. Ashley Graham|url=http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|work=Resident Evil Fan|accessdate=June 14, 2013|archive-date=2005-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212032724/http://www.residentevilfan.com/articles/lawrence_interview.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lawrence modeled her performance of Sandy efter that of American actress [[Holly Hunter]].<ref name="Banks, p. 32">{{harvnb|Banks|2004|page=32}}</ref> Mr. Lawrence vyces Plankton. Drymon said, "We knew Doug [Lawrence] from ''Rocko'', where he was a storyboard director and where he also did the voice of [[Filburt]]. We were showing Doug the storyboard, and he started reading back to us in his Tony the Tiger/Gregory Peck voice. It was really funny, and we wound up having SpongeBob use a deep voice when he entered the Krusty Krab for the first time".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Hillenburg loved the vyce and decidit to gie Lawrence the pairt of series villain, Plankton.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Aside from Plankton, Mr. Lawrence an aa vyces recurring characters lik Larry Lobster.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mr. Lawrence: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mr-lawrence/credits/185734|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Karen, Mrs. Puff, Pearl, an the Flying Dutchman are voiced by Kenny's wife [[Jill Talley]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Jill Talley: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jill-talley/credits/208596|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[Mary Jo Catlett]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Mary Jo Catlett: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/mary-jo-catlett/credits/190527|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[Lori Alan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Alan: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lori-alan/credits/216395|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Brian Doyle-Murray]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Brian Doyle-Murray: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/brian-doyle-murray/credits/142746|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> respectively.<ref name=Cast>{{cite web|last=Basile|first=Nancy|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Cast|url=http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|work=Animated TV|publisher=[[About.com]]|accessdate=March 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230115/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/tp/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Cast.htm|archivedate=April 12, 2013}}</ref> Mr. Krabs' mither, Mama Krabs, who debuted in the episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]", wis voiced by writer Paul Tibbitt.<ref name="Wiese">{{cite video | people=Wiese, Erik|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Dohrn">{{cite video | people=Dohrn, Walt|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="Overtoom">{{cite video | people=Overtoom, Andrew|date=2004|title=SpongeBob SquarePants season 2 DVD commentary for the episode "Sailor Mouth"| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> Houiver, vyce actress [[Sirena Irwin]] owerteuk Tibbitt's role as the character reappeared in the fowert-season episode "Enemy In-Law" in 2005.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=September 12, 2006 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Season 4, Vol. 1 | medium=DVD |location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Tom Kenny portrays Patchy the Pirate, the president of the fictional ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' fan club, while series creautor Hillenburg voiced the character of Potty the Parrot.<ref name=S2>{{cite AV media | people= | date=October 19, 2004| title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 2nd Season|medium=DVD|location=United States | publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> Efter Hillenburg's departure as showrunner in 2004, Tibbitt wis gien the role in voicing Potty the Parrot.<ref>{{cite AV media|people= | date=April 17, 2007 | title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Friend or Foe ("[[Friend or Foe (SpongeBob SquarePants)|Friend or Foe]]" credits) | medium=DVD|location=United States |publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment/Nickelodeon}}</ref> In addition tae the regular cast, episodes featur guest vyces from mony ranges of professions, includin actors, athletes, authors, musicians, an artists. Recurring guest vyces include: [[Ernest Borgnine]], who voiced Mermaid Man from 1999 until his daith in 2012;<ref>{{cite news|last=Lloyd|first=Robert|title=Ernest Borgnine: From Marty to McHale to Mermaid Man|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jul/09/entertainment/la-et-st-ernest-borgnine-from-marty-to-mchale-to-mermaid-man-20120709|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 2, 2013|date=July 9, 2012}}</ref> [[Tim Conway]] as the vyce of Barnacle Boy;<ref>{{cite web|title=Tim Conway: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tim-conway/credits/176843|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> and [[Marion Ross]] as Grandma SquarePants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marion Ross: Credits|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/marion-ross/credits/164469|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> Notable guests who hae providit vocal cameo appearances includes [[David Bowie]] as Lord Royal Highness in the television film ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis|Atlantis SquarePantis]]'',<ref>{{cite news|title=David Bowie goes out to sea for 'SpongeBob'|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-10-11-bowie-spongebob_x.htm?csp=27|work=USA Today|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bowie voices SpongeBob character|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6040098.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=May 27, 2013|date=October 11, 2006}}</ref> [[John Goodman]] as the vyce of Santa in the episode "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]", [[Johnny Depp]] as the vyce of the surf guru, Jack Kahuna Laguna, in the episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One]]",<ref>{{cite web|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|url=http://www.awn.com/news/television/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|publisher=Animation World Network|accessdate=May 28, 2013|date=April 1, 2009}}</ref> and [[Victoria Beckham]] as the vyce of Queen Amphitrite in the episode "[[The Clash of Triton]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Devon|title=Victoria Beckham Lends Her Voice to "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=June 17, 2010|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112081319/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20008078-10391698.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria Beckham to star in a new episode of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/victoria-beckham-to-star-in-a-new-episode-228859|work=Daily Mirror|accessdate=May 29, 2013|date=July 15, 2010}}</ref> Voice recording sessions ayeweys include a full cast of actors, which Kenny describes as "getting more unusual".<ref name=KennyHA>{{cite news | author = Kenny, Tom | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Kenny said, "That's another thing that's given ''SpongeBob'' its special feel. Everybody's in the same room, doing it old radio-show style. It's how the stuff we like was recorded".<ref name=KennyHA/> Series writer [[Jay Lender]] said, "The recording sessions were always fun ..."<ref name=LenderHA>{{cite news | author = Lender, Jay | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> For the first three seasons, Hillenburg and Drymon sat in on the record studio, an thay directed the actors.<ref name=HammondHA>{{cite news | author = Hammond, Jennie Monica | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the fowert season, [[Andrea Romano]] teuk over the role as the vyce director.<ref name=HammondHA/> Wednesday is recording day, the same schedule followed by the crew syne 1999.<ref name=HammondHA/> Casting supervisor Jennie Monica Hammond said, "I loved Wednesdays".<ref name=HammondHA/> ===Animation=== Approximately 50 fowk wirk thegither in animating and producin an episode of ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=Producin/> Throughout its run, production of the series haes been handled domestically at [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] in [[Burbank, California]], while the finished animation haes been creatit overseas at [[Rough Draft Studios]] in [[Sooth Korea]].<ref name=Childhood/><ref>{{cite web|last=Richmond|first=Ray|title=Special Report: Animation|url=http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=January 15, 2004|archive-date=2008-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310222309/http://www.roughdraftstudios.com/press/press_20040115.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Storyboarding for each episode is done by the crew in California. The storyboards are then uised as templates by the crew in Korea,<ref name=Childhood/> who animate by haund, colour [[cel]]s on computers, an paint backgrounds. Episodes are finished in California, whaur thay are edited and hae music added.<ref name=Producin/> Every season, character designs are updated or modified to solve technical issues in the animation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tibbitt |first=Paul |title=paultibbitt: @gozarfan chars r updated every ... |url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |publisher=Twitter |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=December 9, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LsVIk4v9?url=https://twitter.com/paultibbitt/status/410095456207654915 |archivedate=2013-12-15 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> During the first season, the series uised [[cel animation]].<ref name="Tibbitt" /> A shift wis made the follaein year to [[digital ink and paint]] animation.<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2009, executive producer [[Paul Tibbitt]] said "The first season of ''SpongeBob'' was done the old-fashioned way on cells, and every cell had to be part-painted, left to dry, paint some other colours. It's still a time-consuming aspect of the process now, but the digital way of doing things means it doesn't take long to correct".<ref name="Tibbitt"/> In 2008, the crew shifted to uisin [[Cintiq|Wacom Cintiqs]] for the drawings insteid of pencils.<ref name=OralHistory/> The [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|fift season]] episode "[[Pest of the West]]" wis the first episode in the series to which the crew applee'd this method.<ref name=OralHistory2>{{cite web|last=Heintjes|first=Tom|title=The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|work=[[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]]#17|publisher=Bull Moose Publishing Corporation|accessdate=September 23, 2013|date=September 21, 2013|archive-date=2015-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Series background designer Kenny Pittenger said, "The only real difference between the way we draw now and the way we drew then is that we abandoned pencil and paper during the fifth season".<ref name=OralHistory/> The crew began the shift while thay war wirkin on the episode. Pittenger said, "It was while we were working on 'Pest of the West', one of the half-hour specials, that we made the switch ... did you notice?"<ref name=OralHistory/> The shift to Wacom Cintiqs let the designers and animators draw on computer screens and mak immediate changes or undo mistakes. Pittenger said, "Many neo-Luddites—er ... I mean, many of my cohorts—don't like working on them, but I find them useful. There's no substitute for the immediacy of drawing on a piece of paper, of course, but digital nautical nonsense is still pretty fun".<ref name=OralHistory/> Syne 2004, the ''SpongeBob'' crew haes periodically collaborated wi the LA-based animation studio [[Screen Novelties]] to creaut [[stop motion|stop-motion]] sequences for special episodes. The studio produced a brief [[clay animation|claymation]] scene for the climax of the first theatrical film<ref name=Huff2>{{cite news|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants Song Urges Shoppers Not to Be Jerks This Holiday Season|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jim-hill/spongebob-christmas-album_b_2175828.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=November 23, 2012|first=Jim|last=Hill}}</ref> and wis re-enlisted in 2009 to creaut an exclusive openin for the series' [[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|tenth anniversary special]].<ref name="Production">{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Stop Motion Casts a Spell on SpongeBob|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/stop-motion-casts-a-spell-on-spongebob/|work=[[Animation (magazine)|Animation]]|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>{{sfn|Priebe|2011|pages=61–66}} The abominable snaw mollusk, an octopus-lik creature made of clay who acts as the antagonist of the dooble-lenth episode "[[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)#ep156|Frozen Face-Off]]," wis an aa animated by the company.<ref name="AWN2012">{{cite web|last=Sarto|first=Dan|title=A Stop-Motion SpongeBob Special Means Christmas Comes Early This Year|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/stop-motion-spongebob-special-means-christmas-comes-early-year|work=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 13, 2017|date=December 5, 2012}}</ref> ''[[Animation World Network]]'' reportit that "within the ''SpongeBob'' creative team, there was always talk of doing a more involved project together" wi Screen Novelties.<ref name="AWN2012"/> As a result, the group wis asked to creaut an episode animated entirely in stop motion in 2011. This project became "[[It's a SpongeBob Christmas!]]”,<ref name=Goodman>{{cite news|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Christmas Special: Stop-Motion 'It's A SpongeBob Christmas' With John Goodman|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/14/spongebob-squarepants-christmas-special_n_1597975.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=December 14, 2012|date=June 14, 2012|first=Jaimie|last=Etkin}}</ref> which reimagined the show's characters as if thay war pairt o a [[Rankin/Bass Productions|Rankin/Bass]] holiday film.<ref name=DD>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Debuts First Full-Length Stop-Motion Special, It's A SpongeBob Christmas!, Dec. 9, At 7:30 p.m. (ET/PT)|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-debuts-first-full-length-stop-motion-special-its-a-spongebob-christmas-dec-9-at-730-pm-etpt-176667241.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 8, 2013|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Tom Kenny, who is nae normally involved in the writing process, contreibutit tae the episode's plot; he said in 2012 that he and Nickelodeon "wanted to dae something juist lik thae auld schuil, stop-motion Rankin-Bass holiday specials...which I watched over and over again when I wis a kid growin up in Syracuse."<ref name="Huff2"/> Unconventional materials sic as baking soda, glitter, wid chips and breakfast cereal war uised in mass quantities to creaut the special's sets.<ref name="Production2">{{cite web|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=It's A SpongeBob Stop-Mo Christmas|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/stop-motion/its-a-spongebob-stop-mo-christmas-72872.html|work=Cartoon Brew|accessdate=January 17, 2013|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref> Members of the Screen Novelties crew received ane win and twa nominations at the [[30th Annie Awards]],<ref name=Annie40>{{cite web |title=40th Annual Annie Awards Winners |url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |work=Annie Award |publisher=[[ASIFA-Hollywood]] |accessdate=April 3, 2014 |year=2013 |author=Staff |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6OY3GYqrs?url=http://annieawards.org/40thannieawards/ |archivedate=2014-04-03 |deadurl=yes |df= |url-status=live }}</ref> a nomination at the 2013 [[Motion Picture Sound Editors|Golden Reel Awards]],<ref name=GRA13a>{{cite web|last=Giardina|first=Carolyn|title=Sound Editors Announce Golden Reel Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/golden-reel-nominees-413536|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=April 15, 2013|date=January 17, 2013}}</ref> and a nomination at the 2013 [[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] for animating the episode.<ref>{{cite web|title=TV series Official Selection |url=http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection:c8 |publisher=[[Annecy International Animated Film Festival]] |accessdate=December 31, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141556/http://www.annecy.org/annecy-2013/festival/official-selection%3Ac8 |archivedate=April 1, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The team biggit a dowphin puppet named Bubbles, voiced by [[Matt Berry]], for ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|title=Review: Off-The-Wall And Trippy Sequel 'The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water'|work=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Taylor|first=Drew|date=February 5, 2015|accessdate=April 13, 2017|archive-date=2017-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603003017/http://www.indiewire.com/2015/02/review-off-the-wall-and-trippy-sequel-the-spongebob-movie-sponge-out-of-water-267418/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sequences involvin Bubbles included a blend of stop motion and traditional animation. A seicont special animated in stop motion, themed aroond Halloween and uisin the same Rankin/Bass-inspired character models, is currently bein produced for [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 11)|season 11]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413154646/http://www.nick.com.pl/sitemap.xml.gz|archivedate=April 13, 2017|title=Nickelodeon Poland Sitemap|work=[[Nickelodeon (Poland)|Nickelodeon Poland]]|publisher=[[Viacom International|Viacom International, Inc.]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BSkU8kLgjOG/?taken-by=kazprapuolenis|title=Kaz Prapuolenis on Instagram|last=Prapuolenis|first=Kaz|author-link=Kaz Prapuolenis|date=April 6, 2017|accessdate=April 13, 2017}}</ref> ===Music=== {{quote box|align=left|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="[The music haes gone] from maistly [[Sea shanty|sea shanties]] and Hawaiian music à la [[Roy Smeck]] meets [[Pee-wee Herman]]—still the main style for the show—in the early episodes, but it nou includes [[film noir]], ''[[West Side Story]]'' to [[Henry Mancini|[Henry] Mancini]], [[Jerry Goldsmith]] and [[Steven Spielberg|[Steven] Spielberg]]. Thare's Broadway-type scores and plain auld goofy, loopy, weird stuff. I try to push the envelope on this show wioot getting in the wey of the story, and I try to push it up and wey over the top when I can get away wi it, aw the time keepin it as funny and ridiculous as possible." |source=—Music editor Nicolas Carr<ref name=CarrHA>{{cite news | author = Carr, Nicolas | title = The Oral History of SpongeBob SquarePants | work = [[Hogan's Alley (magazine)|Hogan's Alley]] #17 | year = 2010 | accessdate = September 21, 2012 | url = http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | publisher = Bull Moose Publishing Corporation | archive-date = 2015-08-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150831044034/http://cartoonician.com/the-oral-history-of-spongebob-squarepants/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} The [[theme song]] wis componed by Mark Harrison and Blaise Smith,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/spongebob-squarepants-theme-mt0033331163|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Theme|work=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=October 30, 2014}}</ref> while the lyrics tae the song war written by series creautor Stephen Hillenburg an the series' oreeginal creative director Derek Drymon. The melody wis inspired by the sea shanty "[[Blow the Man Down]]".<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> An auld [[oil painting]] o a pirate is uised in the openin sequence. It haes been dubbed "Painty the Pirate", and accordin to Tom Kenny, Hillenburg foond it in a thrift shop "years ago".<ref name=Radio/> [[Patrick Pinney]] gies vyce to Painty the Pirate, singing the theme song as the character.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> Hillenburg's lips war imposed onto the painting and muive alang wi the lyrics.<ref name=Radio/> Kenny joked that this is "about as close o a glimpse as maist ''SpongeBob'' fans are ever going to get of Steve Hillenburg", acause of Hillenburg's private naitur.<ref name="Makin' Toons"/> A civer of the song by [[Avril Lavigne]] can be foond on the [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie&nbsp;– Music from the Movie and More...|''SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'' soundtrack]].<ref name=Bands>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Avril Lavigne on SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/avril_lavigne_on_spongebob_squarepants.html|publisher=Ultimate-Guitar|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> Anither civer by the [[Violent Femmes]] aired on Nickelodeon as a promotion for the series muivin to [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Rayanna|title=A Conversation With Brian Ritchie|url=http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|work=Rock Zone|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=June 22, 2001|archive-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815213049/http://www.rockzone.com/interviews/femmes.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steve Belfer, ane of Hillenburg's friends from CalArts, wrote and performed the music that is played over the end credits.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> This theme includes [[ukulele]] music, per Hillenburg's request.<ref name="DrymonHA"/> Drymon said, "It's sae lang ago, it's haurd tae be sure, but I remember Hillenburg haein the Belfer music early on, maybe afore the pilot".<ref name="DrymonHA"/> The series' [[Music editor (filmmaking)|music editor]] and main composer is Nicolas Carr.<ref name=CarrHA/> Efter wirkin wi Hillenburg on ''Rocko's Modern Life'', Carr struggled to find a new job in his field. He haed been considering a career chynge whan Hillenburg offered him the job. The first season's score primarily featurt selections from the [[APM Music|Associated Production Music Library]], which Carr haes said includes "lots of great auld corny Hawaiian music and big, full, dramatic orchestral scores."<ref name=CarrHA/> ''Rocko's Modern Life'' an aa uised music from this library. It wis Hillenburg's decision to adopt the approach. The selections for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' hae been describit by Carr as bein "more over-the-top" than those for ''Rocko's Modern Life''.<ref name=CarrHA/> Hillenburg an aa felt that it wis important for the series to develop its ain music library, consisting of scores that coud be reused and re-edited throughout the years. He wanted thir scores tae be componed by unknowns, an a group of twal wis assembled. Thay formed "The Sponge Divers Orchestra", which includes Carr and Belfer. This group went on to provide the majority of the music for later seasons, awtho Carr still draws from the Associated Production Music Library, as well as anither library that he foondit himsel&nbsp;— Animation Music Inc.<ref name=CarrHA/> ==Broadcast== ===Tenth anniversary=== {{quote box|align=right|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|width=27em|style=max-width:40% |quote="Ten years. I never imagined wirkin on the show to this date and this lang...I really figured we might get a season and a cult follaein, and that might be it." |source=Stephen Hillenburg<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|last=Cavna|first=Michael|title=Absorbent And Yellow And Beloved At 10 Is He|url=http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|accessdate=May 24, 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073445/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2009-07-14/news/36923802_1_stephen-hillenburg-sponge-character-squidward-tentacles|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} Nickelodeon began celebrating the 10t anniversary of the series on Januar 18, 2009 wi a live cast readin of the episode "SpongeBob vs. The Big One". The readin&nbsp;— a first for the series&nbsp;— wis held at [[2009 Sundance Film Festival|that year's Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary">{{cite news|title=Nickelodeon Taps Patrick Creadon and Christine O'Malley to Produce First-Ever SpongeBob... |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869+19-Jan-2009+PRN20090119 |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=December 15, 2013 |date=January 19, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825100641/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/19/idUS145869%2B19-Jan-2009%2BPRN20090119 |archivedate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Goldman|first=Eric|url=http://tv.ign.com/articles/943/943426p1.html |title=SpongeBob SquarePants Meets Johnny Depp&nbsp;– TV News at IGN|publisher=Tv.ign.com|date=January 9, 2009 |accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> The episode, which wad nae premiere on TV until Apryle 17, featurt Johnny Depp as a guest starn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/news/johnny-depp-teaches-spongebob-hang-ten-new-tv-special|author=Annemarie Moody|title=Johnny Depp Teaches SpongeBob to Hang Ten in New TV Special|work=Animation World Network|date=April 1, 2009|accessdate=November 2, 2014}}</ref> Ither celebratory actions taken by the network included the launching o a new website for the series (spongebob.com) an the introduction of new merchandising. A "SpongeBob and water conservation-themed element" wis an aa added to Nickelodeon's [[pro-social]] campaign ''[[The Big Green Help]]''.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> In an interview, [[Tom Kenny]] said, "What I'm maist proud of is that kids still really lik [''SpongeBob SquarePants''] and care about it ... Thay eagerly await new episodes. People who war young children when it stairtit 10 years ago are still watching it and digging it and think it's funny. That's the [[loving cup]] for me".<ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' celebrates 10 years of nautical nonsense|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|publisher=Pop Matters|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717003015/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/article/108120-spongebob-squarepants-celebrates-10-years-of-nautical-nonsense/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three nichts afore the offeecial anniversary date, an oor-lang documentary of the series, ''[[Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', premiered on [[VH1]].<ref name="Washington Post 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="IGN 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="PopMatters 10t Anniversary"/><ref name="UPI 10t Anniversary">{{cite web|title='SpongeBob' documentary on its way|url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/01/19/SpongeBob-documentary-on-its-way/UPI-79001232406610/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=January 19, 2009}}</ref> Critically acclaimed duo [[Patrick Creadon]] and Christine O'Malley creatit the film as a followup to ''[[I.O.U.S.A.]]'' – a documentary on America's financial situation. Creadon remarked, "Efter spendin twa years examining the financial heal of the United States, Christine and I war ready to tackle something a little more upbeat. Telling the SpongeBob story feels lik the perfect fit."<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/> On Friday Julie 17, Nickelodeon merked the offeecial anniversary of the series, wi a 50-oor [[Marathon (television)|television marathon]] titled "The Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend". The marathon began wi a new episode, "[[To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants]]". Saturday saw a countdown of the tap ten episodes as picked by fans, as well as an airing of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. The marathon finished on Sunday, which saw a countdown of episodes as picked by celebrities, as well as the premiere of ten new episodes.<ref name="Reuters 10t Anniversary"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Celebrates 10 Years of Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nickelodeon-celebrates-10-years-of-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-61867637.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=June 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toymania.com/news/messages/11311.shtml|title=Ultimate SpongeBob SpongeBash Weekend&nbsp;– Raving Toy Maniac&nbsp;– The Latest News and Pictures from the World of Toys|publisher=Toymania.com |date=June 24, 2009|accessdate=September 14, 2010}}</ref> Nickelodeon continued celebrating the anniversary throu the rest of the year. An aicht-episode DVD set featurin "To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants" shortly followed the marathon, wi a Julie 21 release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants Debuts in July's 100-ep Marathon, Then on DVD|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=April 21, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162005/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-To-SP-or-Not-to-SP/11747|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="First 100 Episodes article">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=SpongeBob SquarePants – 'First 100 Episodes' 5-Season DVD Set Arrives with New Extras this Autumn|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=April 28, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206075924/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-The-First-100-Episodes/11781|url-status=dead}}</ref> Next a 2,200 minute, 14-disc DVD set titled ''The First 100 Episodes'' wis released on September 22.<ref name="First 100 Episodes article"/><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— The First 100 Episodes (Seasons 1–5)|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101100209/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-100-Episodes-Seasons-1-5/9154|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=R.L.|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The First 100 Episodes DVD Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/09/21/spongebob-squarepants-the-first-100-episodes-dvd-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 21, 2009}}</ref> Finally, on November 6, an oor-lang television film, titled ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square|Truth or Square]]'', debuted on Nickelodeon. The film is narrated by [[Ricky Gervais]] and features [[live action]] cameo appearances by [[Rosario Dawson]], [[Craig Ferguson]], [[Will Ferrell]], [[Tina Fey]], [[LeBron James]], [[Pink (sangster)|P!nk]], [[Triumph the Insult Comic Dog]], and [[Robin Williams]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Zahed|first=Ramid|title=Soaking in Festivities|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/soaking-in-the-festivities/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 19, 2013|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ricky Gervais, Will Ferrell and Robin Williams pay tribute to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/ricky-gervais-will-ferrell-and-robin-williams-403690|work=Mirror|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 1, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maclntyre|first=April|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ''Truth or Square'', Friday Nov. 6|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|work=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 14, 2009|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073718/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/news/article_1506939.php/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square-Friday-Nov-6|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis released as pairt o a five-episode DVD set on November 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|author=David Lambert|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— Truth or Square Officially Announced: Package Art, Extras & More!|work=tvshowsondvd.com|date=August 11, 2009|accessdate=December 1, 2014|archive-date=2015-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105133819/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Truth-or-Square/12462|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Ratings and run-length achievements=== Within its first month on air, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' owerteuk ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'' as the heichest rated Saturday-morning children's series. It held an average national [[Nielsen rating]] of 4.9 amang children aged twa throu eleven, denoting 1.9 million viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|title=Nicklodeon.(rating of Nickelodeon's cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants)(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)|work=[[Multichannel News]]|date=August 23, 1999|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081516/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-55581463.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|title=Number 101|work=[[TV by the Numbers]]|accessdate=April 2, 2015|archive-date=2015-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329031934/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/demystifying-the-s/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Twa years later, the series haed firmly established itself as Nickelodeon's seicont heichest rated children's program, efter ''[[Rugrats]]''. It haed gained a significant adult audience by that point – nearly 40 percent of the series' 2.2 million viewers war aged 18 to 34.<ref name="The Stretch">{{cite web|title=THE STRETCH|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|work=Rocky Mountain News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=September 15, 2001|location=Denver, CO|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075355/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-78370194.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> That year, 2001, Nickelodeon teuk the "Saturday-morning ratings crown" for the fowert straucht season.<ref>{{cite web|title=NICK RETAINS SATURDAY CROWN|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|work=Broadcasting &Cable|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=June 18, 2001|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075359/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75761403.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In response to this weekend-foond success, the studio gae ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' time slots at 6 PM and 8 PM, Monday throu Thursday, to increase exposure of the series.<ref name="The Stretch"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|author=Frazier Moore|title=SPONGE SOAKS UP LAUGHS ON TV.(LIVING)|work=[[The Cincinnati Post]]|date=July 9, 2001|accessdate=April 4, 2015|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924163424/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-76426074.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> By the end of that year ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' boasted the heichest ratings for ony children's series, nae anly on Nickelodeon, but on aw of television.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Amy|title=Stephen Hillenburg created the undersea world of SpongeBob.(The Orange County Register)|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|work=[[Knight Ridder]]/[[Tribune News Service]]|date=February 12, 2002|accessdate=June 30, 2015|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-82792771.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="Stauffer">{{cite web|last=Stauffer|first=Cindy|title=Grown-ups embrace a wacky, square sponge; There's just something about this sweet kids' cartoon that's attracting an adult audience. Local fans can't get enough of SpongeBob|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|work=Lancaster New Era|accessdate=October 31, 2013|date=May 17, 2002|archive-date=2013-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108172353/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9138807.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref><ref name="peak of ratings">{{cite web|last=Moore|first=Frazier|title='SpongeBob' rises from sea to peak of ratings: Nickelodeon show top-rated among kids aged 2 to 11|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|work=Charleston Daily Mail|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 21, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081521/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9876189.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Weekly viewership of the series haed reached aroond fifteen million, at least five million of which war adults.<ref name="Hillenburg creautit"/> In October 2002, anither Nickelodeon series titled ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' ranked as the No. 2 program for children atween 2 and 11 year auld.<ref name=FOP>{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Suzanne C.|title='ODDPARENTS' IS SOAKING UP POPULARITY OF 'SPONGEBOB'|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|work=The Boston Globe|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=August 14, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081527/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7796026.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Its ratings at that time war awmaist equal to ''SpongeBob SquarePants''' then-average of 2.2 million viewers per episode.<ref name=FOP/> ''The Fairly OddParents'' even briefly surpassed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'', causing the latter series to drop into second place — at this time ''The Fairly OddParents'' had a 6.2 rating and nearly 2.5 million child viewers, while ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' had a 6.0 rating and 2.4 million kids 2–11.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oei|first=Lily|title='Fairly Odd' number puts 'SpongeBob' in second|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|work=Daily Variety|accessdate=December 7, 2013|date=October 28, 2002|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081525/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94666940.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Nickelodeon "recognised" ''The Fairly OddParents'' for its climbing ratings and installed it into a new 8 P.M. time slot, previously occupied by ''SpongeBob SquarePants''.<ref name=FOP/> In an interview, Cyma Zarghami, then-[[general manager]] and [[executive vice president]] of Nickelodeon, said, "Are we banking on the fact that ''Fairly OddParents'' will be the next ''SpongeBob''? ... We are hoping. But ''SpongeBob'' is sae unique, it's haurd to say if it will ever be repeated".<ref name=FOP/> Houiver, in 2012, it wis reportit that the series' ratings war declining.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sorry, SpongeBob: Disney Channel Knocks Nick From Top Ratings Perch|url=http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612|work=The Wrap|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=2017-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121926/http://www.thewrap.com/tv/article/nickelodeon-ratings-disney-tops-kids-rival-key-category-first-time-36612/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lieberman|first=David|title=Nickelodeon's Ratings Decline Is No "Blip"; Is Viacom Or Nielsen To Blame?|url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/11/nickelodeons-ratings-decline-is-no-blip-is-viacom-or-nielsen-to-blame/|publisher=Deadline.com|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=November 29, 2011}}</ref> The average nummer of viewers aged 2 to 11 watching ''SpongeBob'' at ony gien time dropped 29% in the first quarter from a year earlier, accordin to [[Nielsen Media Research|Nielsen]].<ref name=MSN/> ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' business writer [[John Jannarone]] suggestit that the age of the series and oversaturation of the series might be contributing tae the decline of the series' ratings, an might an aa be directly responsible for the decline in Nickelodeon's oweraw ratings.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|last=Jannarone|first=John|title=Viacom's SpongeBob Crisis|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303990604577370510139597158.html|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2012}}</ref> Media analyst Todd Juenger directly attributes the decline in Nickelodeon's ratings tae the availability of streaming video content on services lik [[Netflix]], a provider of [[video on demand|on-demand]] Internet [[streaming media]].<ref name=THRGardner>{{cite news|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|title=Analyst: Nickelodeon Might Be in Danger of Being Dropped by Some TV Distributors|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeon-viacom-336290|work=HollywoodReporter.com|accessdate=December 5, 2013|date=June 12, 2012}}</ref> [[Philippe Dauman]], the president and CEO of [[Viacom]], contradicted the notion, saying he did nae think "the leemitit amount of Nick library content on Netflix ... haes haed a significant impact".<ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO Defends Nickelodeon's Netflix Deal Again|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-philippe-dauman-defends-nickelodeons-netflix-ratings-319904|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 3, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> A Nickelodeon spokesman said ''SpongeBob'' is performing consistently well and remains the nummer ane rated animated series in aw of children's television.<ref name=WSJ/> He added, "Thare is nothing that we hae seen that pynts to ''SpongeBob'' as a problem".<ref name=WSJ/> Dauman blamed the drop on "some ratings systemic issues" at Nielsen, citing extensive set-top-box data that "daes in no wey reflect" the Nielsen data.<ref name=THR>{{cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|title=Viacom CEO: Netflix Content Is Not Hurting Nickelodeon Ratings|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/viacom-ceo-netflix-content-not-hurting-nickelodeon-ratings-philippe-dauman-286605|accessdate=May 26, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 2, 2012}}</ref> Juenger noted that ''SpongeBob'' coud affect the ratings of ither Nickelodeon programming acause children eften chynge channels to find thair favorite programs, then stay tuned intae that network.<ref name=WSJ/> Nickelodeon recently reduced its exposure in television. In the first quarter of 2012, the network cut back on the nummer of episodes it aired by 16% compared wi a year earlier.<ref name=WSJ/> On Apryle 22, 2013, Netflix CEO [[Reed Hastings]] annoonced thair intentions nae to renew thair existin deal wi Viacom.<ref name=NotRenew>{{cite news|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|title=Viacom and Netflix to Scale Down SVOD Deal|url=http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/viacom-and-netflix-to-scale-down-svod-deal-1200407086/|newspaper=Variety|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=April 22, 2013}}</ref> Syne then, Viacom's deal wi Netflix expired, an shows sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'' war removed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roettgers|first=Janko|title=Adios, Dora: Netflix is starting to take Viacom shows offline|url=http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|publisher=paidContent|accessdate=May 26, 2013|date=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607183520/http://paidcontent.org/2013/05/23/no-more-dora-spongebob-on-netflix/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Juin 4, 2013, Viacom annoonced a multi-year licensing agreement which wad muive its programs, sic as ''SpongeBob'' and ''Dora the Explorer'', to [[Amazon.com]], Netflix's tap competitor.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dora, SpongeBob Swap Sides in Fickle Web-Video World|url=https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324423904578525044270830934.html|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Moscariloto|first=Angela|title=Amazon Inks Streaming Deal for Viacom Shows Like Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2419901,00.asp|publisher=PCMag.com|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> Amazon agreed to pey mair nor $200 million to Viacom for the license, its lairgest subscription streaming transaction ever.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barr|first=Alistair|title=Amazon writes biggest streaming video check for Dora, SpongeBob|url=http://www.denverpost.com/technology/ci_23385278/amazon-writes-biggest-streaming-video-check-dora-spongebob|work=Denver Post|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon swipes SpongeBob from Netflix in most expensive deal yet|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_23385964/amazon-swipes-spongebob-from-netflix-most-expensive-deal|work=Mercury News|accessdate=June 5, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is ane of the langest-running series on Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=December 15, 2013|date=December 14, 2009}}</ref> It became the Nickelodeon series wi the maist episodes, during its aicht season, surpassing the 172 episodes of ''Rugrats'' wi 178.<ref>{{cite web|title=5 of the best|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|work=Sunday Tribune|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050540/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-277305615.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> In its [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|ninth season]], a tot of 26 episodes pushed the series over the 200th episode merk, reachin 204 produced episodes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Labrecque|first=Jeff|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' buckles up for ninth season|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2011-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106035133/http://insidetv.ew.com/2011/01/03/spongebob-renewed/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" renewed for ninth season|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 8, 2013|author=Kit, Zorianna|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150606/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/03/us-spongebob-idUSTRE7023X520110103|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Stuart|title='SpongeBob' receives ninth season pickup|url=http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|work=Variety|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 4, 2011|archive-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704070024/http://variety.com/2011/tv/news/spongebob-receives-ninth-season-pickup-1118029670/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a statement, Brown Johnson, animation president for Nickelodeon, said, "''SpongeBob'''s success in reachin over 200 episodes is a testament to creautor Stephen Hillenburg's vision, comedic sensibility and his dynamic, lovable characters. The series nou joins the club of contemporary classic [[List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon|Nicktoons]] that hae hit this benchmark, sae we're incredibly proud".<ref name=TVG>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Adam|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011|archive-date=2014-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160127/http://www.tvguide.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-renewed-1027271.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ng|first=Philiana|title=Nickelodeon's 'SpongeBob SquarePants' Renewed for Ninth Season|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nickelodeons-spongebob-squarepants-renewed-ninth-67737|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=January 3, 2011}} {{subscription required}}</ref> ===Critical reception=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received generally positive reviews from critics, an it haes been noted for its appeal towards different age groups. [[James Poniewozik]] of [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]] describit the title character as "the anti-[[Bart Simpson]], temperamentally and physically: his head is as squared-off and neat as Bart's is unruly, and he has a personality to match—conscientious, optimistic and blind to the faults in the world and those around him".<ref>{{cite news|last=Poniewozik|first=James|title=Soaking Up Attention|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,187600,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=December 9, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229004630/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C187600%2C00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin to Laura Fries of [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'' magazine]], the series is "a thoughtful and inventive cartoon about a hopelessly optimistic and resilient sea sponge ... Devoid of the double entendres rife in today's animated TV shows, this is purely kid's stuff ... However, that's not to say that ''SpongeBob'' is simplistic or even juvenile. It's charming and whimsical, but clever enough to appeal to teens and college-aged kids, as well".<ref>{{cite news|last=Fries|first=Laura|title=Review: 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://variety.com/1999/tv/reviews/spongebob-squarepants-1200458428/|work=Variety|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 14, 1999}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic [[Joyce Millman]] said ''SpongeBob'' "is clever without being impenetrable to young viewers and goofy without boring grown-ups to tears. It's the most charming toon on television, and one of the weirdest. And it's also good, clean fun, which makes sense because it is, after all, about a sponge". Millman wrote, "His relentless good cheer would be irritating if he weren't so darned lovable and his world so excellently strange ... Like ''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'', SpongeBob joyfully dances on the fine line between childhood and adulthood, guilelessness and camp, the warped and the sweet".<ref>{{cite news|last=Millman|first=Joyce|title=TELEVISION/RADIO; The Gentle World Of a Joyful Sponge|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/arts/television-radio-the-gentle-world-of-a-joyful-sponge.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 8, 2001}}</ref> [[Robert Thompson (media scholar)|Robert Thompson]], a professor of communications and director of the Center for the Study of Popular Television at [[Syracuse University]], told ''The New York Times'', "There is something kind of unique about [SpongeBob]. It seems to be a refreshing breath from the pre-irony era. There's no sense of the elbow-in-rib, tongue-in-cheek aesthetic that so permeates the rest of American culture–including kids' shows like the ''Rugrats''. I think what's subversive about it is it's so incredibly naive–deliberately. Because there's nothing in it that's trying to be hip or cool or anything else, hipness can be grafted onto it".<ref>{{cite news|title=How to Succeed Without Attitude|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/students/pop/20020722snapmonday.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=December 27, 2013|date=July 21, 2002|author=[[Tom Zeller, Jr.|Zeller, Tom Jr.]]}}</ref> In anither interview wi [[LA Times]], he commentated on the show's adult audience: "[On one hand] It's a kind of time machine that transports parents back to when they watched TV in their footie [pajamas]. On the other hand, it's very hip in the way it's presented. It is very edgy to adults who know how to read and listen between the frames."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Levine|first1=Bettijane|title=Adults Find Their Inner Sponge|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|accessdate=December 6, 2016|work=LA Times|date=April 7, 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030302082942/http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-040702spongebob.story|archivedate=March 2, 2003}}</ref> In a 2007 interview, [[Barack Obama]] named SpongeBob his favorite TV character and admitted that ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is "the show I watch with my daughters".<ref>{{cite web|last=Eng|first=Joyce|title=What's on Obama's Must-See TV List?|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=August 8, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411092515/http://www.tvguide.com/news/obamas-favorite-tv-1004874.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=From Bikini Bottom to pop icon; SpongeBob turns 10|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=July 14, 2009|archive-date=2014-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022103450/http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/07/13/television-spongebob-idINN1319626220090713|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Barack Obama Is A SpongeBob Fan|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|publisher=Media Bistro|accessdate=April 28, 2013|date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615100916/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/barack-obama-is-a-spongebob-fan_b6820|url-status=dead}}</ref> British Prime Meenister [[Gordon Brown]] haes an aa said he watches the series wi his children.<ref name="Huffington" /> ===Awards and accolades=== ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes received mony awards and nominations; amang thir are twa [[Emmy Award]]s ("Outstanding Special Class Animated Program" in 2010<ref name=DEA10>{{cite web|title=The 37th ANNUAL DAYTIME ENTERTAINMENT EMMY® AWARD NOMINATIONS |url=http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |work=[[Emmy Award]] |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |accessdate=December 5, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112073407/http://www.emmyonline.org/mediacenter/_pdf/day_0910_nominations_v03.pdf |archivedate=November 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> and "Outstanding Sound Editing – Animation" in 2014);<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of the 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Creative Arts Emmy® Awards|url=http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|work=Emmy Award|publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]]|accessdate=June 21, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705034232/http://cdn.emmyonline.org/day_41st_creative_arts_winners.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2014}}</ref> six [[Annie Award]]s;<ref name=Annie32>{{cite web|title=32nd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2004) |url=http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 22, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064634/http://annieawards.org/32ndwinners.html |archivedate=May 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie371>{{cite web|title=37th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html#20 |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124032256/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie372>{{cite web|last=Spring|first=Mike|title=Annie Awards Winners Announced|url=http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|publisher=Voice Coaches|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105120532/http://voicecoaches.com/blog/2010/02/annie-awards-winners-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Annie38>{{cite web|title=38th Annual Annie Nominations |url=http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |publisher=Annie Award |accessdate=May 21, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906082547/http://www.annieawards.org/consideration.html |archivedate=September 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref name=Annie401>{{cite web|title=Annie Award Nominations&nbsp;— A Real Race For Once|url=http://thefilmexperience.net/blog/2012/12/4/annie-award-nominations-a-real-race-for-once.html|publisher=TheFilmExperience.net|accessdate=April 13, 2013|date=December 4, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Annie402>{{cite news|title=40th Annie Award nominees and winners list|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/02/entertainment/la-et-mn-40th-annie-award-nominations-winners-list-20130202|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=February 2, 2013}}</ref> and twa [[British Academy Children's Awards|BAFTA Children's Award]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2007|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2007/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Children's in 2012|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/2012/childrens|work=[[British Academy Children's Awards]]|publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]|accessdate=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Television critics [[Alan Sepinwall]] and [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] included the series in thair 2016 book ''TV'' as the 22nt [[List of television series considered the best|greatest American television series of aw time]], statin that "''SpongeBob SquarePants'' is an [[Absurdism|absurdist]] masterpiece that [[Salvador Dalí]] and [[Groucho Marx]] would have watched together in their smoking jackets".<ref>{{cite web|author1=[[Alan Sepinwall]]|author2=[[Matt Zoller Seitz]]|title=Why 'Deadwood' Is a Top-10 TV Show of All Time|url=https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|publisher=PERFECT PRIVACY, LLC|accessdate=2 September 2016|date=1 September 2016|archive-date=2016-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902021203/https://theringer.com/deadwood-hbo-tv-the-book-dadb4007790e#.5f7cc3yte|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ashbrook|first1=Tom|title=The Greatest American Television Shows, Ranked|url=http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/09/09/the-greatest-american-television-shows-ranked|website=[[WBUR-FM|WBUR]]|publisher=WBUR|accessdate=10 September 2016|date=9 September 2016}}</ref> In 2006, [[IGN]] ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t on its leet, "Top 25 Animated Series of All Time",<ref>{{cite web|title=15. SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|publisher=IGN|accessdate=December 31, 2013|date=September 28, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923030609/http://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/29/top-25-primetime-animated-series-of-all-time?page=3|archivedate=September 23, 2012}}</ref> an in 2013, it ranked the series 12t on its leet, "The Top 25 Animated Series for Adults".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/15/top-25-animated-shows-for-adults?page=3|title=The Top 25 Animated Shows for Adults|publisher=IGN|date=July 15, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> Additionally, the website's [[United Kingdom|UK]] division ran a "Top 100 Animated Series" leet, an lik its US counterpart, ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' 15t.<ref name=IGN>{{cite web|url=http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html |title=Nickelodeon: SpongeBob SquarePants |publisher=IGN|date=|accessdate=2012-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620010829/http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/15.html|archivedate=June 20, 2012}}</ref> The series is amang the "All-TIME 100 TV Shows" as chosen by ''Time'' television critic [[James Poniewozik]] in 2007. He said, "It's the most funny, surreal, inventive example of the explosion in creative kids' (and adult) entertainment that Nick, [[Cartoon Network]] and their ilk made possible".<ref name="alltime100">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|title=All-TIME 100 TV shows: SpongeBob SquarePants|work=Time|author=Poniewozik, James|accessdate=2013-05-11|date=August 14, 2007|archive-date=2014-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204227/http://entertainment.time.com/2007/09/06/the-100-best-tv-shows-of-all-time/slide/spongebob-squarepants-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viewers of the UK television network [[Channel 4]] voted ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the 28t "Greatest Cartoon" in a 2004 poll.<!--Awtho no date is directly gien for this poll, I feel that it is fair to caw it a 2004 poll, due tae the "TV Treats 2004" section in the left-haund box. When ane clicks on that, it indicates that the poll wis takkin place aroond Christmas time, which confirms that this haed tae be a year-end poll for 2004.--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520014452/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/results.html |archivedate=May 20, 2009 |title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – Results |accessdate=2007-12-31 |publisher=[[Channel 4]].com |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|title=The 100 Greatest Cartoons – The Show|publisher=Channel 4.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422100525/http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/tv/microsites/G/greatest/cartoons/index.html|archivedate=April 22, 2009}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' listed the character of SpongeBob SquarePants at No. 9 for its "50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time".<ref>{{cite news|title=TV Guide's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404044955/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters.list/|archive-date=April 4, 2005|work=TV Guide|date=July 30, 2002}}</ref> In 2013, the publication ranked ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' the aicht "Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Greatest-Cartoons-TV-Guide-Magazine-1071203.aspx|title=TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time|work=TV Guide|date=September 24, 2013|accessdate=December 4, 2013}}</ref> In Juin 2010, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' named SpongeBob ane of the "100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years: Here's our full list!|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list/|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|accessdate=July 7, 2012|author=Adam B. Vary|date=June 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921234113/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/06/01/100-greatest-characters-of-last-20-years-full-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Legacy=== [[File:Wax Museum Plus (6344827249).jpg|250px|thumb|left|SpongeBob SquarePants wax statue, in [[National Wax Museum Plus]], in [[Dublin]], Ireland]] [[File:Tahrir Square during 8 February 2011.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion trend at the [[Tahrir Square]] ''(pictured)'' and led tae the creation o a [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile".]] In Julie 2009, [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museum in New York launched a wax sculpture of SpongeBob in celebration of the series' 10t anniversary. This made SpongeBob the first animated character to ever receive a statue made entirely out of wax.<ref>{{cite web|last=Snook|first=Raven|title=Yellow fever: SpongeBob figure to debut at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/tony-kids-blog/yellow-fever-spongebob-figure-to-debut-at-madame-tussauds|work=Timeout|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Bret|title=SpongeBob Debuts at Madame Tussauds|url=http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|work=Parent Dish|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 15, 2009|archive-date=2009-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719054354/http://www.parentdish.com/2009/07/15/see-spongebob-at-madame-tussauds-for-free/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Pendant/><ref>{{cite web|title=MADAME TUSSAUDS IS BONKERS FOR SPONGEBOB|url=http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|work=Mom Trends|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=July 11, 2009|archive-date=2013-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728231350/http://www.momtrends.com/2009/07/madame-tussauds-is-bonkers-for-spongebob/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Mey 2011, a new species of mushroom, ''[[Spongiforma squarepantsii]]'', wis describit, named efter the series' title character.<ref name=Desjardin2011>{{cite journal|vauthors=Desjardin DE, Peay KB, Bruns TD |title=''Spongiforma squarepantsii'', a new species of gasteroid bolete from Borneo |journal=[[Mycologia]]|doi=10.3852/10-433 |date=May 10, 2011 |pmid=21558499 |volume=103|issue=5|pages=1119–23}}</ref> The character haes an aa acome a trend in Egyp at Cairo's [[Tahrir Square]].<ref name="Egypt Guardian">{{cite news|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=How SpongeBob SquarePants became massive in Egypt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/may/27/spongebob-squarepants-egypt-cartoon-fame|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 27, 2013|location=London}}</ref> Efter the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], SpongeBob became a fashion phenomenon, appearin on various items of merchandise from [[hijab]]s to boxer shorts.<ref name="Egypt Vice">{{cite web|last=Malsin|first=Jared|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants the New Che Guevara?|url=http://www.vice.com/read/spongebob-squarepants-egypts-new-revolutionary-symbol|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Egypt's unusual Tahrir icon: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|work=Al Aribya|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528173047/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/life-style/variety/2013/05/28/Meet-Egypt-s-latest-Tahrir-icon-SpongeBob-SquarePants.html|archivedate=May 28, 2013}}</ref> The phenomenon led tae the creation of the [[Tumblr]] project cried "SpongeBob on the Nile". The project wis foondit by American students Andrew Leber and Elisabeth Jaquette and attempts to document every appearance of SpongeBob in Egyp.<ref name="Middle East Prospect">{{cite web|last=Cormack|first=Raphael|title=SpongeBob SquarePants takes over the Middle East|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|work=Prospect|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=March 26, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606164927/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/blog/spongebob-squarepants-middle-east-egypt/#.Ubbv5ucwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sherief Elkeshta cited the phenomenon in an essay about the incoherent state of politics in Egyp in an independent monthly paper titled ''Midan Masr''. He wrote, "Why isn't he [SpongeBob] at least holding a Molotov cocktail? Or raising a fist?"<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn, Egypt, And SpongeBob|url=http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|work=Midan Masr|accessdate=June 11, 2013|archive-date=2013-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121172006/http://www.midanmasr.com/en/article.aspx?ArticleID=208|url-status=dead}}</ref> The phenomenon haes even spread to [[Libya]], whaur a Libyan rebel in SpongeBob dress wis photographed celebrating the revolution.<ref>{{cite web|title=The New Mascot of Egypt: SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|work=Tavern Keepers|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 28, 2013|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615083050/http://tavernkeepers.com/the-new-mascot-of-egypt-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awtho ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' hae asserted that the trend haes little to no poleetical significance,<ref name="Egypt Guardian"/><ref name="Egypt Vice"/> "joke" presidential campaigns hae been undertaken for SpongeBob in Egyp and Sirie.<ref name="Egypt Vice"/><ref name="Middle East Prospect"/> A clip wis posted to YouTube in Februar 2013 that features soldiers in the Roushie airmy and navy singing the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' theme song as thay march.<ref name="Russia Metro">{{cite web|title=Russian soldiers march to SpongeBob SquarePants theme song|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/02/19/russian-soldiers-march-to-spongebob-squarepants-theme-song-3503968/|work=Metro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=February 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Russia Telegraph">{{cite news|title=Russian soldiers sing SpongeBob SquarePants theme tune as they march|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=May 23, 2013|location=London|date=February 18, 2013|archive-date=2017-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622143748/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/9878416/Russian-soldiers-sing-SpongeBob-SquarePants-theme-tune-as-they-march.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Accordin tae the website that uploaded the video, this is ane of the "most popular marching songs" in the Roushie military.<ref name="Russia Metro"/> The video garnered nearly 50,000 views within its first week.<ref name="Russia Telegraph"/> ===Criticism=== ====Controversies==== In 2005, an online video which showed clips from ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' and ither children's shows set tae the [[Sister Sledge]] song "[[We Are Family (song)|We Are Family]]" to promote [[cultural diversity|diversity]] and [[Toleration|tolerance]] wis attacked by an [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] group in the United States, acause thay saw SpongeBob bein uised to "advocate [[homosexuality]]".<ref name="US right attacks">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4190699.stm | title=US right attacks SpongeBob video | date=January 20, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref><ref name=accuse>{{Cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2005-01-22-kids-video_x.htm | title=SpongeBob, Muppets and the Sister Sledge writer suffer criticism | date=January 22, 2005 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | agency=Associated Press |work=USA Today }}</ref> [[James Dobson]] of [[Focus on the Family]] accused the video of promoting homosexuality, due to it bein sponsored by a pro-tolerance group.<ref name=accuse /> The incident accentuated questions as to whether or nae SpongeBob is gay. Awtho the character haes enjoyed popularity wi gay viewers, series creautor Stephen Hillenburg haed already denied the issue three years earlier, clarifying at the time that he considers the character tae be "somewhat [[Asexuality|asexual]]".<ref name="Camp Cartoon Star">{{Cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2313221.stm | title=Camp cartoon star 'is not gay' | date=October 9, 2002 | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | author=BBC Staff |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Efter Dobson's comments, Hillenburg reasserted his poseetion, statin that sexual preference daes nae play a pairt in what thay are "trying to do" wi the series.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | title=SpongeBob Asexual, Not Gay: Creator | date=January 28, 2005 | accessdate=August 26, 2009 | first=Stephen M. | last=Silverman | work=[[People (magazine)|People]] | archive-date=2008-03-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320034827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1021976,00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=22&art_id=vn20050129114540161C803463|title=SpongeBob isn't gay or straight, creator says |date=January 29, 2005|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 9, 2008}}</ref> Tom Kenny and ither production members war distraught that sic an issue haed arisen.<ref name="Radio">{{cite video|people=Farhat, Basima (Interviewer) |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Tom Kenny: Voice of SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;– Interview |url=http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |format=mp3 |medium=Radio production |publisher=The People Speak Radio |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724101824/http://www.thepeoplespeakradio.net/archives/mp3/tps-2006-12-05-kenny.mp3 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Dobson later stated that his comments war taken out of context, an that his oreeginal complaints war nae wi SpongeBob, the video, or ony of the characters in the video, but rather wi the organisation that sponsored the video, the [[We Are Family Foundation]]. Dobson indicated that the We Are Family Foundation posted pro-gay material on thair website, but later removed it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|title=Dobson clarifies Pro-Gay SpongeBob Video Controversy|last=Chang|first=Pauline J.|date=January 28, 2005|publisher=[[The Christian Post]]|accessdate=June 11, 2007|archive-date=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831200610/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20050128/20875.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Efter the controversy, John H. Thomas, the [[United Church of Christ]]'s general meenister and president, said thay wad welcome SpongeBob intae thair ministry. He said "Jesus didn't turn people away. Neither do we".<ref>{{cite web| title=Ministry celebrates SpongeBob: Gay, happy, yellow, orange, whatever, he's welcome | url=http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | date=February 4, 2005 | author=Till, Francis | work=National Business Review | accessdate=June 11, 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627121737/http://www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=11260&cid=1&cname=Media | archivedate=June 27, 2007 }}</ref> Jeffery P. Dennis, author of the journal article "Queertoons", argued that SpongeBob and Sandy are nae romantically in luve, while adding that he believed that SpongeBob and Patrick "are paired with arguably erotic intensity".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=June 2003|title=Queertoons|url=http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|journal=Soundscapes|volume=6|accessdate=December 17, 2014|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925124217/http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME06/Queertoons.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Martin Goodman of ''[[Animation World Network|Animation World Magazine]]'' describit Dennis' comments regarding SpongeBob and Patrick as "interesting".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|author=Martin Goodman|title=Deconstruction Zone – Part 2|work=[[Animation World Network]]|date=March 10, 2004|accessdate=October 28, 2009|archive-date=2010-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110918/http://www.awn.com/articles/drtoon/deconstruction-zone-part-2/page/4%2C1|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Jeffery's comments were also published by the ''[[Journal of Popular Film & Television]]'' in an article called "The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Jeffery P.|date=Fall 2003|title=The Same Thing We Do Every Night: Signifying Same-Sex Desire in Television Cartoons|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956050309603674#.VJH0CyvF-Cl|volume=31|issue=3|pages=132–140|accessdate=December 17, 2014|doi=10.1080/01956050309603674|journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television}}</ref> This is the article that is referred to by Goodman.}} Ukrainian website Family Unner the Protection of the Holy Virgin, which haes been describit as a "fringe Catholic" group by ''The Wall Street Journal'', levied criticism against ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' for its alleged "promotion of homosexuality".<ref name="Ukraine">{{cite news|last=Marson|first=James|title=Ukraine's Morality Police Probe 'Gay' SpongeBob|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/08/15/gay-spongebob-offends-ukraine-morality-commission/|accessdate=February 2, 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> The group sought to hae the series banned, alang wi several ither popular children's properties. The [[National Expert Commission of Ukraine on the Protection of Public Morality]] teuk up the matter for review in August 2012.<ref name="Ukraine"/> In Apryle 2009, [[Burger King]] released a SpongeBob-themed advertisement featurin a parody of [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]]'s song "[[Baby Got Back]]". The [[Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood]] protested the ad for bein sexist and inappropriately sexual, especially contemplating that SpongeBob's fan base includes young children.<ref>{{cite web|title=CCFC to Nickelodeon: Did You Approve the SpongeBob SquareButt Burger King Commercial?|url=http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|publisher=Common Dreams|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 9, 2009|archive-date=2009-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419205831/http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/04/09-15|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kelleher|first=Katy|title=SpongeBob Meets Sir Mix-A-Lot In New Burger King Ads|url=http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|publisher=Jezebel|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022518/http://jezebel.com/5203677/spongebob-meets-sir-mix+a+lot-in-new-burger-king-ads|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Craig|title=Burger King pushes flat butts and SpongeBob to kids, hires buttheads to do it|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|work=Suntimes|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 13, 2009|archive-date=2014-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111003615/http://blogs.suntimes.com/shinyobjects/2009/04/burger-king-pushes-flat-butts-and-spongebob-to-kids-hires-buttheads-to-do-it.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Douglas">{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Joanna|title=Is the Sir Mix-a-Lot Burger King commercial too much for kids?|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416202924/https://shine.yahoo.com/parenting/is-the-sir-mix-a-lot-burger-king-commercial-too-much-for-kids-444044.html|archivedate=April 16, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg">{{cite web|last=Ekberg|first=Aida|title=SpongeBob + Sir Mix-A-Lot + Burger King = Offensive Commercial?|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209042535/http://voices.yahoo.com/spongebob-sir-mix-lot-burger-king-offensive-commercial-3094448.html?cat=33|archivedate=December 9, 2013}}</ref> In offeecial statements released by Burger King and Nickelodeon, baith companies claimed that the campaign wis aimed at parents.<ref name="Yahoo Douglas"/><ref name="Yahoo Ekberg"/> {{quote box|align=left|width=30em|style=max-width:40% |quote="The children who watched the cartoon were operating at half the capacity compared to other children." |source=— Angeline S. Lillard, University of Virginia<ref>{{cite news|last=Rabin|first=Roni Caryn|title=Is SpongeBob SquarePants Bad for Children?|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/is-spongebob-squarepants-bad-for-children/|work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref>}} A 2011 study conducted at the [[University of Virginia]] and published in the journal ''[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]'' suggestit that allouin preschool-aged audiences to watch the series caused short-term disruptions in mental function and attention span due to frequent shot changes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lillard | first1 = Angeline | last2 = Peterson | first2 = Jennifer | year = 2011 | title = The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/09/08/peds.2010-1919 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 128| issue = 4| pages = 644–649| doi = 10.1542/peds.2010-1919 | pmid=21911349}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rochman|first=Bonnie|title=Study: Fast-Moving Cartoons Like SpongeBob May Impair Kids' Focus|url=http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|work=Time|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420202450/http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/12/do-your-kids-find-it-hard-to-focus-after-watching-spongebob-research-bears-that-out/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Nickelodeon executive responded in an interview that the series wis nae intendit for an audience of that age and that the study uised "questionable methodology and could not possibly provide the basis for any valid findings that parents could trust".<ref>{{cite news|title=Study: Some cartoons are bad for children's brains|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2013-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525053636/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/study-some-cartoons-are-bad-for-childrens-brains/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Eryn|title=SpongeBob impairs little kids' thinking, study finds|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/12/news/la-heb-spongebob-squarepants-children-brain-20110912|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 12, 2011}}</ref> Several episodes of the series hae been subject to controversy as well. In a report titled ''Wolves in Sheep's Claedin'', which documents the increase in potentially violent, profane, an sexual content in children's programming, the [[Parents Television Council]], a [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] media group, claimed the [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|season 2]] ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' episode "[[Sailor Mouth]]" wis an implicit attempt to promote and [[Satire|satirize]] uise of [[profanity]] amang children,<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kristen Fyfe| title = Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: A Content Analysis of Children's Television| publisher = [[Parents Television Council]]| date = March 2, 2006| url = http://www.parentstv.org/ptc/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| accessdate = August 5, 2007| journal = | archive-date = 2007-08-08| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070808140158/http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/reports/childrensstudy/childrensstudy.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> while "[[SpongeBob's Last Stand]]" and "[[Selling Out (SpongeBob SquarePants episode)|Selling Out]]" hae been accused of promoting [[environmentalism]] and [[left-wing politics]] due to thair negative portrayal of [[big business]].<ref name="firing">{{cite web|last1=Bond|first1=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|website=Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=1 May 2017|quote=It's not the first time SpongeBob has waded into social commentary, though usually when it does, it bugs the right and supports the left. In episodes dubbed "SpongeBob's Last Stand" and "Selling Out," for example, environmentalism is glorified and large businesses are demonized.}}</ref> "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired]]", a 2013 [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|season 9]] episode, gained hivy controversy and sparked a poleetical debate over its portrayal of [[unemployment]];<ref name="firing"/> efter [[Fox News]] an the ''[[New York Post]]'' commented on the episode, [[Media Matters for America]] accused the twa organisations of uisin the episode to "attack the social safety net".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Weisman|first1=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|website=Chron|accessdate=1 May 2017}}</ref> This statement wis echoed by [[Al Sharpton]], who claimed [[Conservatism|conservatives]]' "new hero" tae be "a sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea".<ref>{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}</ref> {{clear}} ====Declining quality==== Critics' reviews of early ''SpongeBob'' episodes praised the show for its wit, clever humour, an "uncanny brilliance".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|title=The Uncanny Brilliance of "SpongeBob SquarePants"|author=Zeus, Maxie|publisher=Toon Zone|date=January 28, 2005|accessdate=September 1, 2010|archive-date=2016-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105062259/http://www.toonzone.net/2005/01/the-uncanny-brilliance-of-spongebob-squarepants/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Houiver, in 2007, aroond the airing of [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|season five]], the tone and emphasis of the show began to chynge. Some fans "began to turn away from the show",{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}} causin online [[fansite]]s to "[become] deserted".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name=MSN/> Thay pyntit to a shift from clever humour to what thay perceived as "boring, unfunny humor&nbsp;... geared ower muckle towards children".{{attribution needed|date=November 2016}}<ref name="shscourier">{{cite web |url=http://shscourier.com/10299/arts-and-entertainment/spongebob-sponge-out-of-water-to-sea-or-not-to-see/ |title=SpongeBob Sponge Out Of Water: To "Sea" Or Not To See |last1=Lilly |first1=Ally |date=January 29, 2015 |website= |publisher=''The Susquehannock Courier'' |accessdate=March 18, 2015}}</ref> [[Paul Tibbitt]], showrunner from season fower tae the season 9 episode, "[[SpongeBob, You're Fired!]]" haes been the subject of criticism.<ref name="shscourier"/> While ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' wis generally well received by fans of the show, it is an aa considered a turning point in the show's history, as mony fans believe the decline occurred efter the film's release,<ref name=MSN>Berr, Jonathan (May 4, 2012). [http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 Viacom should pull the plug on SpongeBob] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505002658/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=942b02c6-e5b2-405d-bba8-277797fa7839 |date=2012-05-05 }}. ''MSN Money''. Retrieved February 3, 2013.</ref> whan Stephen Hillenburg resigned as showrunner and Tibbitt wis appyntit to replace him. Episodes produced syne the movie hae been variously categorized as "kid-pandering attention-waster[s]",<ref name="news.toonzone">{{cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title="Whatever Happened to SpongeBob?": Good Question! |author=Zeus, Maxie |publisher=Toon Zone |date=October 12, 2008 |accessdate=October 14, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |archivedate=December 9, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }} {{Cite web |url=http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2008-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209005641/http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=26567 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> "tedious",<ref name="dvdverdict">{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Who Bob What Pants?|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=November 13, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017060955/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobwhatpants.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> "boring" and "dreck",<ref>{{cite web|last=Hrab|first=Roy|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Great Patty Caper|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=March 13, 2011|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203033808/http://www.dvdverdict.com/printer/spongebobpattycaper.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> a "depressing plateau of mediocrity",<ref>{{cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Mina|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: To Love A Patty|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|publisher=DVD Verdict|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=February 6, 2008|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921113901/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/spongebobpatty.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and "lauch-skimpy".<ref name=Mavis>{{cite web|last=Mavis|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob SquarePants&nbsp;— WhoBob WhatPants?|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/35047/spongebob-squarepants-who-bob-what-pants/|publisher=DVD Talk|accessdate=May 30, 2013|date=October 13, 2008}}</ref> ==Ither media== ===Home video=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="40%" style="text-align:center;" |+ ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD releases |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding:0 8px;"| Season ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" colspan="3"| [[DVD]] release date |- ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 1]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 2]] ! scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;"|[[DVD region code#Region codes and countries|Region 4]] |- | style="width:1%; background:#469E37;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)|1]] | October 28, 2003<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725222026/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1/3068|url-status=dead}}</ref> | November 7, 2005 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 1|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308154448/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-1/264276|archivedate=March 8, 2010}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E3641A;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2)|2]] | October 19, 2004<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162408/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-2/3829|url-status=dead}}</ref> | October 23, 2006 | November 30, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 2|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712083116/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-2/264278|archivedate=July 12, 2012|accessdate=October 29, 2013}}</ref> |- | style="background:#73B1B7;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3)|3]] | September 27, 2005<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – 3rd Season Set Package: SpongeBob Is Cookin'!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=August 5, 2005|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022153558/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants/3842|url-status=dead}}</ref> | December 3, 2007< | style="padding:0 8px;"| November 8, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 3|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102174142/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-squarepants-season-3/282464|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#B02B11;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 4)|4]] | September 12, 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022172024/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-1/5908|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 3, 2008 | rowspan="2"| November 7, 2008<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants''; S4|url=http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|publisher=Sanity|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062840/http://www.sanity.com.au/products/2209683/Spongebob_Squarepants_S4|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Januar 9, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 4, Volume 2|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022162422/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-4-Volume-2/6215|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#FAF75B;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 5)|5]] | September 4, 2007<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5, Volume 1|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022171442/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releases/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-1/6777|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 16, 2009 | rowspan="2"| December 3, 2009<ref>{{cite wab|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 5 (Complete) (DVD) |url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711052336/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/tv/spongebob-complete-season-5/466518|archivedate=July 11, 2012 }}</ref> |- | November 18, 2008<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Are Ya' Ready to Complete the 5th Season? Nick/Par Announces 'S5,V2' at Last!|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 28, 2008|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220015/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-5-Volume-2/10180|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#454683;" rowspan="2" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center rowspan="2"| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)|6]] | December 8, 2009<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Season 6 and Other Announced Releases|url=http://www.tvguide.com/DVD-News/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-1009539.aspx|work=TV Guide|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 9, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107151114/http://www.tvguide.com/dvd-news/spongebob-squarepants-season-1009539.aspx/|archivedate=November 7, 2012}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| November 29, 2010 | rowspan="2"| December 2, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6: The Complete Collection (3 Disc Set)|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065138/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-6-the-complete-collection-3-disc-set/dp/816489|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | December 7, 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 6|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112083819/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-6/578155|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=October 29, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110064401/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/670709|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#74E387;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)|7]] | December 6, 2011<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=David|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Nickelodeon/Paramount Announces a 'Complete 7th Season' 4-DVD Set|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|publisher=TV Shows on DVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=September 12, 2011|archive-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020142020/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-7/15919|url-status=dead}}</ref> | September 17, 2012 | September 12, 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'': Season 7|url=http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|publisher=EzyDVD|accessdate=May 24, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062345/http://www.ezydvd.com.au/DVD/spongebob-squarepants-season-7/dp/6117363|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#934C9C;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8)|8]] | Mairch 12, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' DVD news: Announcement for ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8 |publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com |date=May 25, 2007 |accessdate=December 29, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214013249/http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/SpongeBob-SquarePants-Season-8/17849 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | October 28, 2013 | October 30, 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'' – Season 8|url=http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|publisher=[[JB Hi-Fi]]|accessdate=November 8, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109021721/http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/dvd/dvd-genres/kids-family/spongebob-squarepants-season-8/691656|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#4DD4E8;" height="10px"| ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)|9]] | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- | ! scope="row" style=text-align:center| [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes#Season 10|10]]<ref name=S10>{{cite web|last=Maxwell|first=Erin|title=Shiver me timbers! A bearded Antonio Banderas gets his sea legs with a pirate makeover for ''SpongeBob SquarePants 2''|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2453291/Antonio-Banderas-gets-pirate-makeover-SpongeBob-SquarePants-2.html|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=November 8, 2013|date=October 10, 2013}}</ref> | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} | {{N/A|TBA}} |- |} ===Comic beuks=== In Februar 2011, creautor Hillenburg first annoonced the release of the 32-page bimonthly comic book series, ''[[SpongeBob Comics]]'', based on the show.<ref name=Comics1>{{cite web|title="SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS" COMIC DEBUTS IN FEBRUARY|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|publisher=[[Comic Book Resources]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 25, 2011|archive-date=2011-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201210954/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=30502|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Comics2>{{cite web|last=Boom |first=Richard |title=SpongeBob Comics #1 debuts from United Plankton Pictures |url=http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |publisher=[[Broken Frontier]] |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |date=January 25, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128020705/http://www.brokenfrontier.com/headlines/p/detail/spongebob-comics-1-debuts-from-united-plankton-pictures |archivedate=January 28, 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> The release merked the first time Hillenburg authored his ain beuks. He said, "I'm hoping that fans will enjoy finally having a ''SpongeBob'' comic book from me".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> The comic book series is published by Hillenburg's production company, [[United Plankton Pictures]], and distributed by [[Bongo Comics Group]].<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Awtho the characters of the series haed previously appeared in ''[[Nickelodeon Magazine]]'' an in ''[[List of Tokyopop publications#Cine-Manga|Cine-Manga]]'', the first issue of ''SpongeBob Comics'' merked the first time the characters hae appeared in thair ain comic beuks in the United States.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg describit the stories from the comic beuks as "original and always true to the humor, characters, and universe of the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' series".<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Chris Duffy, the umwhile senior editor of ''Nickelodeon Magazine'', serves as managing editor of ''SpongeBob Comics''.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Hillenburg and Duffy met wi various cartoonists—includin [[James Kochalka]], [[Hilary Barta]], [[Graham Annable]], Gregg Schigiel, an Jacob Chabot—to contribute to each issues.<ref name=Comics1/><ref name=Comics2/> Retired [[horror comics]] writer and artist [[Stephen R. Bissette]] returned to write a special Halloween issue in 2012, wi [[Tony Millionaire]] and [[Al Jaffee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Bissette Returns To Comics With SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/07/18/steve-bissette-returns-to-comics-with-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Bleeding Cool]]|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=July 18, 2012|author=[[Rich Johnston|Johnston, Rich]]}}</ref> In an interview wi [[Tom Spurgeon]], Bissette said, "I've even broken my retirement to do one work-for-hire gig [for ''SpongeBob Comics''] so I could share everything about that kind of current job".<ref>{{cite web|title=CR Holiday Interview #14 – Steve Bissette|url=http://www.comicsreporter.com/index.php/cr_holiday_interview_11_steve_bissette/|work=The Comics Reporter|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=January 3, 2012|author=[[Tom Spurgeon|Spurgeon, Tom]]}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, [[Titan Magazines]] publishes comics based on ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' every fower weeks. Thir comics war first published on Februar 3, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Magazine 100th Issue|url=http://titanmagazines.com/news/announcements/spongebob-squarepants-magazine-100th-issue/|publisher=Titan Magazines|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> Titan Magazines teamed-up wi [[Lego]] to release a leemitit edition ''SpongeBob''-themed comic.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=SpongeBob LEGO limited edition magazine launches|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/10992/SpongeBob-Magazine-unites-with-LEGO|publisher=Licensing|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2017-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707123937/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/spongebob-lego-limited-edition-magazine-launches/027694|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Films=== [[Paramount Pictures]] and [[Nickelodeon Movies]] produced ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', an animated film [[adaptation]] of the series that wis released on November 19, 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-opens-nationwide-on-friday-november-19-75337557.html|title='The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie' Opens Nationwide on Friday, November 19|publisher=PR Newswire|date=November 10, 2004|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> The film wis directed by creautor Stephen Hillenburg, an wis written by lang-time series writers comprising Hillenburg, Derek Drymon, Tim Hill, [[Kent Osborne]], [[Aaron Springer]], and Paul Tibbitt. Hillenburg and Julia Pistor produced the film, while the [[film score]] wis componed by Gregor Narholz.<ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/apm-film-and-television-composer-gregor-narholz-signs-on-to-score-activisions-x-mentm-legends-sequel-54194902.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=APM Film and Television Composer Gregor Narholz Signs on to Score Activision's X-Men(TM) Legends Sequel|url=http://investor.activision.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=157576|publisher=Activision|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 9, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregor Narholz Scores X-Men|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/gregor-narholz-scores-x-men|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=March 10, 2005}}</ref> The film is about Plankton's evil plan to steal King Neptune's crown and send it to Shell City. SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve it and save Mr. Krabs' life from Neptune's raft and thair home, Bikini Bottom, from Plankton's plan. The film features guest appearances by [[Jeffrey Tambor]] as King Neptune, [[Scarlett Johansson]] as the King's dochter Mindy, [[Alec Baldwin]] as Dennis, an [[David Hasselhoff]] as himsel.<ref name="Johansson">{{cite video | people=[[Scarlett Johansson|Johansson, Scarlett]]|date=2005|title= The Absorbing Tale Behind The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie| medium=DVD|publisher=Paramount Home Entertainment}}</ref> It received positive critical reception,<ref name="tomatoes">{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/spongebob_squarepants_movie/ | title = The Spongebob Squarepants Movie (2004) | work =[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | publisher = [[Flixster]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | title = SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, The | publisher = [[CBS]] | work = [[Metacritic]] | accessdate = July 9, 2010 | archive-date = 2010-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806001711/http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/spongebobsquarepantsmovie | url-status = dead }}</ref> and grossed over $140 million warldwide.<ref name=BOM>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spongebob.htm|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)|accessdate=July 20, 2009|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Twa [[television films]] war released. The twa television films are ''[[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis]]'' released in 2007 and ''[[SpongeBob's Truth or Square]]'' released in 2009. A [[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|sequel]] tae the 2004 film wis released in theaters on Februar 6, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sneider|first1=Jeff|title=Paramount Avoids ''Fifty Shades'' by Moving Up '''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Sequel|url=http://www.thewrap.com/paramount-avoids-fifty-shades-by-moving-up-spongebob-squarepants-sequel/|publisher=[[The Wrap]]|accessdate=June 7, 2014|date=June 5, 2014}}</ref> The series' main cast members are reprise thair roles,<ref name=WN>{{cite web|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' Film Planned for 2014|url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/03/04/SpongeBob_SquarePants_Film_Planned_for_2014/#/related_news|publisher=WN.com|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=March 4, 2013}}</ref> an the underwater pairts are [[traditional animation|tradeetionally animated]] in the manner of the series an the live-action pairts uses [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI animation]] wi the SpongeBob characters.<ref>{{cite web|last=Webb|first=Charles|title=Is Paramount Prepping an Animated 'Legend of Korra' Movie?|url=http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|publisher=MTV|accessdate=March 8, 2013|date=August 20, 2012|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512062513/http://geek-news.mtv.com/2012/08/20/legend-of-korra-movie/?xrs=share_twitter|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Tradition>{{cite web|last=Desowitz|first=Bill|title=SpongeBob kicks off new Paramount Ani division|url=http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|publisher=Bill Desowitz|accessdate=March 31, 2013|date=February 29, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022015510/http://billdesowitz.com/spongebob-kicks-off-new-paramount-ani-division/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film haes a budget seemilar tae the previous film and did nae cost mair nor $100 million to produce.<ref name=Hundred>{{cite news|last=Chozik|first=Amy|title=Return to Big Screen for SpongeBob|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/return-to-big-screen-for-spongebob/|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=March 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goodwin|first=Liam|title=New SpongeBob SquarePants movie will be released in 2014|url=http://filmonic.com/spongebob-squarepants-movie-2014-release-date|publisher=Filmonic.com|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Paramount to Release 'SpongeBob' Movie in 2014|url=http://www.awn.com/news/people/paramount-release-spongebob-movie-2014|publisher=[[Animation World Network]]|accessdate=April 25, 2013|date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> On Apryle 30, 2015, Viacom annoonced a third movie wis in development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Viacom/status/593762894103375872|title=Viacom on Twitter|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> On August 3, 2015, via Twitter, [[Vincent Waller]] confirmed that the sequel is in pre-production and that [[Paul Tibbitt]] will ance again direct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/VincentWaller72/status/628219039081324544|title=Vincent Waller|work=Twitter|accessdate=August 28, 2015}}</ref> ===Music=== Collections of oreeginal music featurt in the series hae been released on the albums ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights]]'' (2001), ''[[SpongeBob's Greatest Hits]]'' (2009), and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Album|The Yellow Album]]'' (2005). The first twa charted on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], reachin nummer 171 and 122, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: Original Theme Highlights|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebob-squarepants-original-theme-highlights-mw0000012957/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob's Greatest Hits|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/spongebobs-greatest-hits-mw0000810167/awards|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> Several sangs hae been recorded wi the purpose o a single or album release, an hae nae been featurt on the show. For ensaumple, the song "My Tidy Whities" written by Tom Kenny and [[Andy Paley]] wis released anly for the album ''[[The Best Day Ever]]'' (2006). Kenny's inspiration for the song wis "underwear humor".<ref name=Newsday>{{cite web|last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |title=FAST CHAT TOM KENNY |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05,0,4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |work=Newsday |accessdate=August 2, 2013 |date=November 5, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217024149/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/ny-fffast4956134nov05%2C0%2C4012699.story?coll=ny-entertainment-promo |archivedate=February 17, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Kenny said, "Underwear humor is always a surefire lauch-getter with kids ... Just seeing a character that odd wearing really prosaic, normal, [[Kmart]], three-to-a-pack underwear is a funny drawing ... We thought it was funny to make a really lush, beautiful love song to his underwear".<ref name=Newsday/> ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More...]]'', a soundtrack album featurin the score of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', wis released alang wi the featur-lenth film in November 2004. Various artists includin [[the Flaming Lips]],<ref name=TFL1>{{cite web|title=Lips, Shins Kick Back With 'SpongeBob'|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/65812/lips-shins-kick-back-with-spongebob|work=Billboard|accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> [[Wilco]],<ref name=WilcoLips>{{cite web|title=Flaming Lips and Wilco Featured on New SpongeBob Soundtrack|url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|work=Paste|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 13, 2004|archive-date=2017-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710184925/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2004/10/flaming-lips-and-wilco-featured-on-new-spongebob-s.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ween]],<ref name=MTV/> [[Motörhead]],<ref name=MTV2>{{cite web|last=D'Angelo|first=Joe|title=Flaming Lips, Wilco, 'Commercial Weirdo' Avril Lavigne Head Up 'SpongeBob' LP|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|publisher=MTV|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2011-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025195508/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1491510/avril-lavigne-flaming-lips-on-spongebob-lp.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[the Shins]],<ref name=Wierdo>{{cite web|last=Dufour|first=Matt|title=SpongeBob Soundtrack Boasts Shins, Wilco, And Flaming Lips Songs|url=http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|work=The Fader|accessdate=August 18, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207145020/http://www.thefader.com/2004/10/04/spongebob-soundtrack-boasts-shins-wilco-and-flaming-lips-songs/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Avril Lavigne]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Mar|first=Alex|title=Avril Sings "SpongeBob"|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/avril-sings-spongebob-20041001|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=October 1, 2004}}</ref> contreibutit tae the soundtrack that reached nummer 76 on the US ''Billboard'' 200.<ref>{{cite web|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie: Music From the Movie and More|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-spongebob-squarepants-movie-music-from-the-movie-and-more-mw0000674021/awards|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|accessdate=December 7, 2013}}</ref> ===Theme park rides=== [[File:EF-Mall of America.jpg|230px|thumb|right|[[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]] ride at the [[Mall of America]].]] [[SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D]] film and ride opened in various locations, includin [[Six Flags Over Texas]], [[Flamingo Land Resort]], an the [[Shedd Aquarium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Chicago &#124; Plan a Visit &#124; Now Playing in 4-D |publisher=Shedd Aquarium |date= |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5urIgheCb?url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |archivedate=2010-12-09 |df= |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129122646/http://sheddaquarium.org/4dtheater.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ride features water squirts, real bubbles, an ither sensory enhancements. In 2012, Nickelodeon teamed up again wi SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment and Super 78 to produce SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrant|first=Chris|title="SpongeBob SquarePants" 4-D Attraction Coming Soon|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-attraction-coming-soon-70391.html|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> The attraction opened in early 2013 at the [[Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration]].<ref name=4DPlot>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob goes 4-D at the aquarium|url=http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|publisher=Mystic River Press|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=May 17, 2013|archive-date=2013-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211231455/http://www.thewesterlysun.com/mysticriverpress/news/spongebob-goes--d-at-the-aquarium/article_3705ab20-bce3-11e2-8678-0019bb2963f4.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The attraction wis an aa released at the [[Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando]] in [[Orlando, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D: The Great Jelly Rescue|url=http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|work=Eye on Orlando|accessdate=May 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503111622/http://eyeonorlando.com/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-4-d-the-great-jelly-rescue-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brigante|first=Ricky|title=SpongeBob SquarePants makes a splash at Nick Hotel with new 4D movie, Bikini Bottom Breakfast, and more entertainment|url=http://www.insidethemagic.net/2013/04/spongebob-squarepants-makes-a-splash-at-nick-hotel-with-new-4d-movie-bikini-bottom-breakfast-and-more-entertainment/|publisher=Inside the Magic|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=April 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Roseboom|first=Matt|title=Nick Hotel debuts new SpongeBob 4D movie and Bikini Bottom character breakfast|url=http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|work=Orlando Attractions Magazine|accessdate=May 21, 2013|date=|archive-date=2013-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423114753/http://attractionsmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/22/nick-hotel-debuts-new-spongebob-4d-movie-and-bikini-bottom-character-breakfast/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seiven-minute film follows SpongeBob, Patrick and Sandy to thair auld hijinks while rescuing the jellyfish of Jellyfish Fields from Plankton's evil clutches.<ref name=4DPlot/> ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' appears at the [[Mall of America]]'s Nickelodeon theme park re-branded from the Mall of America's [[Park at MOA]], formerly Camp Snoopy, to [[Nickelodeon Universe]] in the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Minneapolis-St. Paul]] suburb of [[Bloomington, Minnesota]]. The new theme park features a ''SpongeBob''-themed [[Gerstlauer]] Euro-Fighter custom [[roller coaster]], the [[SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge]], which haes replaced the Mystery Mine Ride and Olde Time Photo store on the wast end of the theme park, which opened Mairch 15, 2008.<ref name=TPI>{{cite web|last=Niles|first=Robert|title=New attraction spotlight: Nickelodeon Universe at Mall of America|url=http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/200803/642/|work=Theme Park Insider|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 11, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Jayne|title=Nick characters drop in mall Universe|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=September 6, 2013|date=March 13, 2008|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024025306/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/news/2008-03-13-nick-characters-mall_N.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Mey 23, 2015, an interactive 3D show titled "SpongeBob SubPants Adventure" opened in Texas at [[Moody Gardens]]. Accordin to Moody Gardens President and CEO John Zendt, "Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moody Gardens|title=Moody Gardens Announces Launch of New One-of-a-Kind SpongeBob SubPants Interactive Experience|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/moody-gardens-announces-launch-of-new-one-of-a-kind-spongebob-subpants-interactive-experience-300043050.html|website=PRNewswire.com|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=9 March 2015|quote=Visitors will be able to interact with the Nickelodeon characters on a digital stage as they have never been able to do before.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=SpongeBob SquarePants|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook – "There's a new type of SpongeBob experience coming to Moody Gardens on Memorial Day!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/posts/10152666661991366|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob SquarePants|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants on Facebook - "If you're heading to Texas be sure to check out the SpongeBob SubPants Adventure!"|url=https://www.facebook.com/spongebob/timeline/story?ut=43&wstart=0&wend=1433141999&hash=-7897235326254608682&pagefilter=3|website=Facebook.com/SpongeBob|publisher=SpongeBob|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> ===Video gemmes=== Numerous [[video game]]s based on the series hae been produced. Some of the early gemmes include ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Legend of the Lost Spatula|Legend of the Lost Spatula]]'' (2001)<ref>{{cite web|last=Antonucci|first=Mike|title=Triple Play Baseball has some annoying errors|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|work=Knight Ridder|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=March 20, 2001|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075840/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71934675.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|last=Ray|first=Roblin|title=Learning a lesson; Console games finally tap into educational content|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|work=The Boston Herald|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=December 7, 2003|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075829/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-110994236.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> The 2003 video game wis added tae the [[Greatest Hits (PlayStation range)|Greatest Hits]] by [[Sony]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sony Adds 'SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom' to Greatest Hits Collection|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|work=Wireless News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=September 30, 2004|archive-date=2014-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503175626/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99947260.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The season's best bets for video-game enthusiasts|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|work=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=December 6, 2013|date=November 20, 2003|location=San Jose, CA|archive-date=2014-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610075849/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119460841.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> It an aa served as the ingine basis for [[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game)|a video game]] based on ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie''. [[Heavy Iron Studios]], the game's developers, tweaked the graphics to gie the game a sharper and more imaginative leuk than that of ''Battle for Bikini Bottom''. Thay an aa increased the polygon count, added several racing levels, an incorporated mony of the creatures seen in the film.<ref name=VG>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants: The Movie Update|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/08/25/spongebob-squarepants-the-movie-update|publisher=IGN|accessdate=August 18, 2013|date=August 25, 2004|author=IGN Staff}}</ref> In 2013, Nickelodeon published and distributed ''[[SpongeBob Moves In!]]'', a [[freemium]] [[city-building game]] [[Application software|app]] developed by [[Kung Fu Factory]] for [[iOS]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stecker|first=Erin|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' debuts new app – EXCLUSIVE VIDEO|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=5 June 2013|archive-date=2013-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611120001/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/06/05/spongebob-squarepants-spongebob-moves-in-app/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches Building 'SpongeBob' App|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/gaming/nick-launches-city-building-spongebob-app/|work=Animation|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS 'City Building' App|url=http://tv.broadwayworld.com/article/Nickelodeon-Announces-SPONGEBOB-SQUAREPANTS-City-Building-App-20130606|publisher=Broadway World|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build Your Very Own Bikini Bottom Through Nickelodeon's Worldwide Release Of Brand-New Mobile Game, SpongeBob Moves In|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/build-your-very-own-bikini-bottom-through-nickelodeons-worldwide-release-of-brand-new-mobile-game-spongebob-moves-in-210383441.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> ===SpongeBob SquareShorts=== Nickelodeon launched the first global ''SpongeBob SquarePants''-themed [[film|short film]] competeetion, SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes, in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|title=Nick Launches 2013 Short Film Contest|url=http://www.awn.com/news/call-entries/nick-launches-2013-short-film-contest|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|date=January 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Milligan|first=Mercedes|title=Nick Launches SpongeBob SquareShorts Contest|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/events/nick-launches-spongebob-squareshorts-contest/|work=Animation|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The contest encourages fans and filmmakers aroond the world to creaut oreeginal short films inspired by SpongeBob for a chance to win a prize and a trip for fower fowk to a screening event in [[Hollywood]]. The contest opened on Mey 6 and ran throu Juin 28, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Square Shorts Competition&nbsp;– $2,500 + Trip|url=http://www.filmthenext.com/2013/05/spongebob-square-shorts-competition-2500-trip/|publisher=FilmTheNext.com|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Contest>{{cite web|last=Kondolojy|first=Amanda|title=Nickelodeon Announces First-Ever SpongeBob SquarePants Global Film Competition, 'SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes'|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|publisher=TV by the Numbers|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=May 7, 2013|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807084326/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/05/07/nickelodeon-announces-first-ever-spongebob-squarepants-global-film-competition-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/181318/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On Julie 19, 2013, Nickelodeon annoonced the finalists for the competeetion,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchins|first=Rob|title=Nickelodeon reveals finalists in SpongeBob Squareshorts film comp|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/11767/Nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-SpongeBob-Squareshorts-film-competition|publisher=Licensing.biz|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=2013-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024040444/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/nickelodeon-reveals-finalists-in-spongebob-squareshorts-film-comp/026966|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nickelodeon Announces Finalists For First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts Global Short Film Competition|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/07/19/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-global-short-film-competition-92000/20130719nickelodeon01/|work=The Futon Critic|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Finalists for First-Ever "SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes"|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|work=Toonzone|accessdate=22 July 2013|date=19 July 2013|archive-date=2013-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218233942/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/07/nickelodeon-announces-finalists-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/#.Ue0FftIwe5I|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, on August 13, 2013, the "under 18 years of age" category wis won by David of the United States for his "The Krabby Commercial", while the "Finally Home" short by Nicole of [[South Africa]] won the "18 and over" category.<ref>{{cite web|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=PR: Nickelodeon Announces Winners for First-Ever SpongeBob SquareShorts: Original Fan Tributes|url=http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|publisher=Toon Zone|accessdate=December 4, 2013|date=August 13, 2013|archive-date=2015-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227112543/http://www.toonzone.net/2013/08/nickelodeon-announces-winners-for-first-ever-spongebob-squareshorts-original-fan-tributes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Merchandise== The popularity of ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' inspired merchandise from T-shirts to posters.<ref name=Star/> It wis reportit that the franchise generated an estimatit $8 billion merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.<ref name=Billion>{{cite web|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|title=How SpongeBob Became an $8 Billion Franchise|url=http://adage.com/article/media/nickelodeon-s-spongebob-8b-kid-franchise/137866/|work=AdvertisingAge|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> It is an aa the maist distributed property of [[Viacom Media Networks|MTV Networks]].<ref name=MTV>{{cite web |url=http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |title=Nickelodeon Celebrates Pop Culture Icon SpongeBob SquarePants decade |work=Media News International |first=Rosina |last=Stock |date=June 24, 2009 |accessdate=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=2009-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626060310/http://mnilive.com/2009/06/nickelodeon-celebrates-pop-culture-icon-spongebob-squarepants-decade/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''SpongeBob'' is viewed in 170 countries speakin 24 leids, an haes an aa acome "a killer merchandising app".<ref>{{cite news|last=Hinckley|first=David|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' gets closer look on VH1 with 10th anniversary documentary on Nickelodeon hit|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-closer-vh1-10th-anniversary-documentary-nickelodeon-hit-article-1.426636|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=July 13, 2009}}</ref> The title character and his friends hae been uised as a theme for special editions of well-kent faimily buird gemmes, includin [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Networks' Nickelodeon Kids and Family Group Puts a Digital Spin on Classic Hasbro Games Featuring Dora The Explorer and SpongeBob SquarePants|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mtv-networks-nickelodeon-kids-and-family-group-puts-a-digital-spin-on-classic-hasbro-games-featuring-dora-the-explorer-and-spongebob-squarepants-58463892.html|publisher=PR Newswire|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> [[The Game of Life|Life]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Onyett|first=Charles|title=The Game of Life -SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Review|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/09/10/the-game-of-life-spongebob-squarepants-edition-review|publisher=IGN|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=September 10, 2008}}</ref> and [[Operation (game)|Operation]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Ward|first=Kate|title=Hasbro lets us operate on SpongeBob. Which TV character would you like to get inside?|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=November 28, 2009|archive-date=2009-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204035456/http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/11/28/operation-spongebob-tv-characters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as a ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' edition of [[Ants in the Pants]],<ref>{{cite web|title=ANTS IN THE SQUARE PANTS|url=http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622093031/http://www.hasbro.com/shop/details.cfm?R=927727BC-6D40-1014-8BF0-9EFBF894F9D4:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Yahtzee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=AHTZEE Jr. SpongeBob SquarePants Edition Card Game|url=http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|publisher=Hasbro|accessdate=May 23, 2013|archive-date=2012-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620001213/http://www.hasbro.com/games/en_US/shop/details.cfm?R=8F8A0CA2-5056-900B-1002-5FC898DDBE91:en_US|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' signed a marketing deal wi [[Target Corporation]] and Burger King, expanding its merchandising.<ref name="The Stretch"/> The popularity of SpongeBob haes translated well intae sales figures. In 2002, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sauld at a rate of 75,000 per week, which wis faster than [[Tickle Me Elmo]] dolls war selling at the time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-spongebob.htm|title=Life's good for SpongeBob|last=Strauss|first=Gary|date=May 17, 2002|work=USA Today |accessdate=November 8, 2008|archiveurl=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/covers/2002-05-17-sponge-bob.htm|archivedate=May 21, 2013}}</ref> SpongeBob haes gained popularity in Japan, specifically wi Japanese weemen. Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at weemen in the kintra. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob coud be popular in Japan, as the character's design is very different from already popular designs for [[Hello Kitty]] and [[Pikachu]].<ref name="SFGate">{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/01/24/entertainment/e091755S47.DTL |title=SpongeBob Goes Trendy to Win Japan Fans |last=Kageyama |first=Yuri |date=January 24, 2007 |publisher=''[[The San Francisco Chronicle]]'' |accessdate=November 8, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405192838/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F24%2Fentertainment%2Fe091755S47.DTL |archivedate=April 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Ratings and merchandise sales showed ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' haes caught on wi parents and wi college audiences.<ref name=LADN/> In a recent promotion, college-oriented website Music.com gae away 80,000 ''SpongeBob'' T-shirts, fower times mair nor during a seemilar promotion for [[Comedy Central]]'s ''[[South Park]]''.<ref name=LADN>{{cite web|title=THE HYPE SOAKING IT UP' SPONGEBOB' ACTOR LOVES THE ATTENTION|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|work=Daily News|accessdate=October 30, 2013|date=March 8, 2001|location=Los Angeles, CA|archive-date=2013-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106075350/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83498648.html|url-status=dead}}{{subscription required|via=HighBeam}}</ref> Kids' meal tie-ins hae been released in snacks and [[fast food restaurant]]s in mony pairts of the world, includin Burger King in Europe and North America, as well as [[Wendy's]] in North America, an [[Hungry Jack's]] in Australie. A [[McDonald's]] [[Happy Meal]] tie-in wi SpongeBob-themed Happy Meal boxes and toys wis released in Europe and ither international markets in the simmer of 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it&u=http://www.megamodo.com/200711368-spongebob-con-lhappy-meal-mcdonalds/&ei=RtliSsjdCceBtgf15oD6Dw&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSpongebob%2Bcon%2Bl%25E2%2580%2599Happy%2BMeal%2BMcDonald%25E2%2580%2599s%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1B2GGFB_enUS223US224 |title=SponbgeBob SquarePants Happy Meal |accessdate= |date= |work=Megamodo}}</ref> In Australie, the advertisement for the McDonald's ''SpongeBob'' Happy Meal won the [[Pester power|Pester Power]] Award acause the ads are entice young children to want its food acause of the free toy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stark|first=Jill|title=Maccas takes out 'pester power' prize|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/maccas-takes-out-pester-power-prize/2007/10/04/1191091281190.html|work=The Age|accessdate=May 23, 2013|date=October 5, 2007|location=Melbourne}}</ref> As a tie-in beverage for the DVD release of ''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie'', [[7-Eleven]] released the leemitit edition "Under-the-Sea Pineapple [[Slurpee]]" in Mairch 2004.<ref>{{cite web|last=Meitner|first=Sarah Hale|title=Slurpee Galaxy Expands With Nod To 'Star Wars'|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2005-03-02/news/0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=May 22, 2013|date=March 2, 2005|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.orlandosentinel.com%2F2005-03-02%2Fnews%2F0503020192_1_darth-vader-7-eleven-new-flavors&date=2013-05-24|archivedate=2013-05-24|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pirate's Booty]] released leemitit edition ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Pirate's Booty snacks in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Pirates Booty $1 at Target|url=http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|publisher=Totally Target|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 30, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501235155/http://www.totallytarget.com/2012/04/30/spongebob-squarepants-pirates-booty-1-at-target/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SplashPants Sweepstakes 5/31/13 1PPD4-14|url=http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|publisher=Sweetis Sweeps|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=March 22, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327205612/http://sweetiessweeps.com/2013/03/spongebob-splashpants-sweepstakes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, heich-end ''SpongeBob''-themed electronics hae been introduced by [[Imation]] Electronics Products unner the Npower brand, includin MP3 players, digital cameras, a DVD player, an a [[flat panel display|flatscreen]] television.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Veneziani|first1=Vince|title=Nickelodeon's NPower Lineup Of Electronics|url=http://techcrunch.com/2007/09/27/nickelodeons-npower-lineup-of-electronics/|publisher=TechCrunch|accessdate=June 28, 2014|date=September 27, 2007}}</ref> Pictures of SpongeBob SquarePants an aa began to appear on the labels of 8 oz. cans of [[Green Giant]] cut green beans and frozen packages of Green Giant green beans and butter sauce, which featurt free stickers in 2007 as pairt of an initiative to encourage kids to eat thair vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |title=Nickelodeon Expands Healthy Food Initiative with Green Giant |publisher=Promomagazine.com |date=May 31, 2007 |accessdate=September 14, 2010 |archive-date=2010-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230024017/http://promomagazine.com/entertainmentmarketing/news/nickelodeon_healthy_food_initiative_green_giant_053107/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Simmons Jewelry Co. released a $75,000 diamond pendant as pairt o a ''SpongeBob'' collection.<ref name=Pendant>{{cite news|last=Huff|first=Richard|title='SpongeBob SquarePants' one of Nickelodeon's longest-running shows after nearly a decade|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/spongebob-squarepants-nickelodeon-longest-running-shows-decade-article-1.435311|work=New York Daily News|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=High Fashion Hits Bikini Bottom|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|accessdate=May 23, 2013|newspaper=''Viacom''|date=January 14, 2009|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024030133/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1244418&highlight=|url-status=dead}}</ref> In New Zealand, the UK-based Beechdean Group unveiled the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' Vanilla Ice Cream character product as pairt o a licence deal wi Nickelodeon.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Vanilla Ice Cream|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-vanilla-ice-cream#.UbcBjOcwe5J|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=May 22, 2013}}</ref> NZ Drinks launched the ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' bottled water.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weston|first=Shaun|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Spring Water|url=http://www.foodbev.com/news/spongebob-squarepants-spring-water#.UbcBF-cwe5I|work=Food Bev|accessdate=June 11, 2013|date=June 3, 2013}}</ref> [[Build-A-Bear Workshop]] introduced the new ''SpongeBob SqaurePants'' collection in stores and online in North America on Mey 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dedman|first=Christie|title=Build A Bear SpongeBob Square Pants coming May 17|url=http://blog.al.com/bargain-mom/2013/04/build_a_bear_spongebob_square.html|publisher=AL.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=April 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Makes a Splash with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130515005084/en/Build-A-Bear-Workshop-Splash-SpongeBob-SquarePants-Collection|publisher=BusinessWire|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Build-A-Bear welcomes the SpongeBob gang|url=http://www.retailingtoday.com/article/build-bear-welcomes-spongebob-gang|work=Retailing Today|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> Shoppers can dress thair SpongeBob and Patrick plush in a variety of claedin and accessories. Sandy Cheeks and Gary the Snail are an aa available as pre-stuffed minis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Edel|first=Ray|title=Make a splash with new SpongeBob SquarePants Collection at Build-A-Bear|url=http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|publisher=NorthJersey.com|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013|archive-date=2013-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001122705/http://blog.northjersey.com/thebeat/4415/make-a-splash-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection-at-build-a-bear/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Build-A-Bear Workshop stores nationwide celebrated the arrival of SpongeBob wi a series of special events from Mey 17 throu Mey 19.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mierzejewski|first=Ali|title=Build-A-Bear Workshop Meets Bikini Bottom with New SpongeBob SquarePants Collection|url=http://toybook.com/build-a-bear-workshop-meets-bikini-bottom-with-new-spongebob-squarepants-collection/|publisher=Toy Book|accessdate=May 24, 2013|date=May 15, 2013}}</ref> On Julie 13, 2013, [[Toyota]], wi Nickelodeon, unveiled a ''SpongeBob''-inspired [[Toyota Highlander]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Burden|first=Melissa|title=Toyota creates one-of-a-kind SpongeBob Highlander|url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|work=Detroit News|accessdate=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713100514/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130712/AUTO0104/307120114/1361/Toyota-creates-one-of-a-kind-SpongeBob-Highlander|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2014 Toyota Highlander wis launched on SpongeBob Day at the [[2013 San Diego Padres season|San Diego's Giants v. Padres game]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Megan|title=Introducing the 2014 SpongeBob SquarePants Toyota Highlander|url=http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|publisher=Automotive.com|accessdate=16 July 2013|date=15 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717194545/http://blogs.automotive.com/introducing-the-2014-spongebob-squarepants-toyota-highlander-144649.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Busis|first=Hillary|title=SpongeBob Square...Car? Check out the cartoon's new 'concept vehicle' – EXCLUSIVE|url=http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714103855/http://family-room.ew.com/2013/07/12/spongebob-squarepants-concept-vehicle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Brindusescu|first=Gabriel|title=Toyota to Unveil 2014 Highlander SpongeBob Edition [Video]|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/toyota-blog/toyota-to-unveil-2014-highlander-spongebob-edition-video-63013.html|work=Auto Evolution|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> The ''SpongeBob'' Toyota Highlander visited seiven U.S. locations during its release, includin the Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando in Florida.<ref>{{cite web|last=Barari|first=Arman|title=SpongeBob-Themed Toyota Highlander by Nickelodeon|url=http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|publisher=Motor Ward|accessdate=13 July 2013|date=13 July 2013|archive-date=2013-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715112340/http://www.motorward.com/2013/07/spongebob-themed-toyota-highlander-by-nickelodeon/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Footnotes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Works cited=== * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Banks|first=Steven|others=Schigiel, Gregg (Illustrator)|title=SpongeBob Exposed! The Insider's Guide to SpongeBob SquarePants|url=https://archive.org/details/spongebobexposed0000bank|publisher=Simon Spotlight/Nickelodeon| date=September 24, 2004|isbn=978-0-689-86870-2}} * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Beck|first=Jerry|title=The SpongeBob SquarePants Experience: A Deep Dive Into the World of Bikini Bottom|year=2013|publisher=Insight Editions|location=USA|isbn=1-4357-3248-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPRymAEACAAJ}} * {{Cite book|ref=harv|title=Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw| publisher=Allworth Communications, Inc|last=Neuwirth |first=Allan|isbn=1-58115-269-8|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Priebe|first=Kenneth A.|title=The Advanced Art of Stop-Motion Animation|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-4354-5704-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |ref=harv| last =Lenburg | first =Jeff | title =Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award Winning and Legendary Animators |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinanimate0000lenb| publisher =Hal Leonard | year =2006 | isbn = 1-55783-671-X}} ==External links== * {{Wikiquote-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title|id=0206512}} * {{TV.com show|spongebob-squarepants|SpongeBob SquarePants}} * {{dmoz|Kids_and_Teens/Entertainment/Animation/Cartoons/SpongeBob_SquarePants|''SpongeBob SquarePants''}} * [http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html ''SpongeBob SquarePants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209054354/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoons/Other_Studios/N/Nickelodeon/Nicktoons_Productions/SpongeBob_SquarePants/index.html |date=2012-12-09 }} at the [[Big Cartoon DataBase]] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:SpongeBob SquarePants}} [[Category:1990s American televeesion series]] [[Category:1999 televeesion series debuts]] [[Category:2000s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s American televeesion series]] [[Category:Nickelodeon shaws]] [[Category:2010s American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s American televeesion series]] [[Category:American animatit televeesion series]] [[Category:Childer's televeesion series]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:Media franchises]] [[Category:Nicktoons]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes adaptit intae films]] [[Category:Televeesion programmes featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Televeesion series aboot freendship]] [[Category:Unnerwatter feection]] jgi4wahpa5ufdov4uss4hi2g44lpe6y Valtteri Bottas 0 174668 916818 914607 2026-05-15T04:03:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox F1 driver | name = Valtteri Bottas | image = File:2019 Formula One tests Barcelona, Bottas (47200028912).jpg | image size = | caption = Bottas in 2019 | nationality = {{flagicon|FIN}} Finnish | birth_name = Valtteri Viktor Bottas | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|8|28}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Valtteri Bottas |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/valtteri-bottas.html |website=formula1.com |access-date=29 October 2020 |archive-date=2019-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224033649/https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/valtteri-bottas.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Nastola]], Finland | 2017 Team = [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula Ane|Mercedes]]<ref name="mercedes">{{cite web|last1=Barretto|first1=Lawrence|title=Valtteri Bottas joins Mercedes for F1 2017, Felipe Massa to Williams|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/127757/bottas-to-mercedes-massa-returns-to-williams|website=Autosport.com|accessdate=16 January 2017|date=16 January 2017}}</ref> | Car number = 77 | Races = {{F1stat|BOT|entries}} ({{F1stat|BOT|starts}} starts) | Championships = 0 | Wins = {{F1stat|BOT|wins}} | Podiums = {{F1stat|BOT|podiums}} | Points = {{F1stat|BOT|careerpoints}} | Poles = {{F1stat|BOT|poles}} | Fastest laps = {{F1stat|BOT|fastestlaps}} | First race = [[2013 Australian Grand Prix]] | First win = [[2017 Roushie Grand Prix]] | Last win = [[2019 Unitit States Grand Prix]] | Last race = {{Latest F1GP}} | Last season = 2018 | Last position = 5t (247 pts) | career template1= {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev series = [[Formula Ane]] testin<br>[[GP3 Series]]<br>[[Formula 3 Euro Series]]<br>[[British Formula 3 Championship|British Formula 3]]<br>[[Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|Formula Renault Eurocup]]<br>[[Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|Formula Renault NEC]]<br>[[British Formula Renault Championship|FRUK Winter Series]] | prev series years = {{F1|2012}}<br>[[2011 GP3 Series saison|2011]]<br>[[2009 Formula 3 Euro Series saison|2009]]–[[2010 Formula 3 Euro Series saison|10]]<br>[[2009 British Formula 3 saison|2009]], [[2009 British Formula 3 saison|2011]]<br>[[2008 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 saison|2008]]<br>[[2007 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC saison|2007]]–[[2008 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC saison|08]]<br>[[2007 Formula Renault saisons#2007 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Winter Cup|2007]] | titles = [[GP3 Series]]<br>[[Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|Formula Renault Eurocup]]<br>[[Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|Formula Renault 2.0 NEC]] | title years = [[2011 GP3 Series saison|2011]]<br>[[2008 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 saison|2008]]<br>[[2008 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC saison|2008]] | awards = | award years = }} }} '''Valtteri Viktor Bottas'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://docplayer.fi/34927925-Nastolan-kunnantalo-kunnanhallituksen-kokoushuone.html |title=Nastola municipal board minutes 19 Jan 2015 |access-date=2017-07-30 |archive-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016174626/http://docplayer.fi/34927925-Nastolan-kunnantalo-kunnanhallituksen-kokoushuone.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{IPA-fi|ˈʋɑltːeɾi ˈbotːɑs}}; born 28 August 1989) is a [[Finns|Finnish]] racin driver currently competin in [[Formula Ane]] wi [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bottas, Valtteri}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Breetish Formula Renault 2.0 drivers]] [[Category:Breetish Formula Three Championship drivers]] [[Category:Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 drivers]] [[Category:Finnish expatriates in Monaco]] [[Category:Finnish Formula Ane drivers]] [[Category:Finnish racin drivers]] [[Category:Formula 3 Euro Series drivers]] [[Category:Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers]] [[Category:GP3 Series Champions]] [[Category:GP3 Series drivers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Nastola]] [[Category:Williams Formula Ane drivers]] [[Category:Mercedes-Benz Formula Ane drivers]] {{Stub/F1}} fwgjad8mg0b5mpwy2p08dvlf4jqszqt Lairge Hadron Collider 0 175989 916804 848484 2026-05-14T12:28:39Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Views of the LHC tunnel sector 3-4, tirage 2.jpg|thumb|A section o the LHC|300px]] The '''Lairge Hadron Collider''' ('''LHC''') is the warld's mucklest an maist pouerfu [[Collider|pairticle collider]], [[Leet o megaprojects#Science projects|maist complex experimental facility]] iver biggit, an the mucklest single machine in the warld.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large-hadron-collider|title=The Large Hadron Collider|work=cern.ch|access-date=2017-08-19|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018133337/http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large-hadron-collider|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis biggit bi the [[CERN|European Organisation for Nuclear Research]] (CERN) atween 1998 an 2008 in collaboration wi ower 10,000 scientists an ingineers frae ower 100 kintras, as well as hunders o universities an laboratories.<ref>{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Highfield |date=16 September 2008 |title=Large Hadron Collider: Thirteen ways to change the world |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/large-hadron-collider/3351899/Large-Hadron-Collider-thirteen-ways-to-change-the-world.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=2008-10-10 |location=London |archive-date=2009-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924011335/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/large-hadron-collider/3351899/Large-Hadron-Collider-thirteen-ways-to-change-the-world.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It lies in a tunnel {{convert|27|km|mi}} in circumference, as deep as {{convert|175|m|ft}} aneath the [[Fraunce–Swisserland mairch]] near [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Coord|46|14|N|06|03|E|type:landmark|display=title}}<!--to verify--> {{Authority control}} [[Category:Biggins an structurs in Ain]] [[Category:Biggins an structurs in the canton o Geneva]] [[Category:CERN accelerators]] [[Category:E-Science]] [[Category:Laboratories in Fraunce]] [[Category:Laboratories in Swisserland]] [[Category:Lairge Hadron Collider| ]] [[Category:Pairticle pheesics facilities]] [[Category:Pheesics ayont the Staundart Model]] [[Category:Unnergrund laboratories]] orldxr8bdcmk3uovahc6cjjqsfye0on Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane 3 222217 916812 916456 2026-05-14T22:40:13Z Atlantic306 30244 Mai Vu Minh 916812 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, CiphriusKane, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye faer [[Special:Contributions/CiphriusKane|yer werks]]. Some gibbles ye'll fynd uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isnae. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|How tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 10:00, 26 August 2020 (UTC) ==Scots skills== Hullo an walcome. A recommend makin a Uiser page fir yersel, an uisin the 'Babel Uiser Interface' infobox on it to share yer skills in Scots. (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Babel#sco_-_Scots_(Scots)) [[Uiser:Soothrhins|Soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 22:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC) == Thank you == Thank you for doing that. --[[Uiser:LokaloSkotso|LokaloSkotso]] ([[Uiser collogue:LokaloSkotso|tauk]]) 01:22, 30 August 2020 (UTC) == +rollbacker +autopatroller == I have granted you new powers due to your obvious and present need for them. With rollback, you can revert vandalism in a single click. With autopatroller, all pages you create will no longer need to be reviewed by an admin. Use these tools wisely! &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 05:07, 3 September 2020 (UTC) == Just an idea... == Hi CiphriusKane, I really like your list of Scottish topics. If you're looking for suggestions, how about indigenous plants and animals, indigenous races and breeds (kettle, sheep, goats, dogs?), indigenous fruit varieties (apples, maybe?), produce and derived products (cheese?). Also, separate lists of animals, plants etc. would be interesting and maybe even useful for the upcoming edit-a-thon. Just an idea I had when I saw your list. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 18:41, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :{{Ping|Andreas}} Aye, I'd thought to add a "Nature" section at some point. I'm also happy with adding sublists if it's deemed necessary/neater. All are free to edit the list as necessary (should put that at the top of the page come to think of it) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:18, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::Glad you don't hate the idea. I was gonna say the "sublists" can go straight into the article namespace but then I checked and found [[Scots plants|this]]. Maybe somebody could turn this into something more useful (for reading folks), along the lines of [[:als:Alemannischi Tiernäme (noch de zoologische Syschtematik)|that]] (Alemannic) or [[:gd:Liosta nam beathach|that]] (Scottish Gaelic) or even [[:rm:Glista da mammals da la Svizra|that]] (Romansh). I would offer a hand but I don't speak ''ae wird o Scots''. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 20:24, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :::{{Ping|Andreas}} Hmm, I could add a "See forby/Main" on my list for that type of list, but the list I'm making is meant to include specific articles closely associated with Scotland to focus on. Like if there was a list of birds, I'd probably only be listing the golden eagle and osprey (Scotland has a sizeable European golden eagle population I believe, and there's a famous osprey who bred in Scotland until 2014). That said, if ye've any thoughts on flora and fauna that match that criteria go ahead and add them (or list them here if ye're unsure) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:10, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::::Sure, I get the idea of your list. I was just commenting on the "sublist" thing ;D Maybe the [[Teuchit|shochads]] of [[Caithness]] are worth mentioning? They kept cropping up in quick google. ::::By the way, ''did ye ken'' that several other small and mid-size Wikipedias keep similar lists and cross-link them via [[:d:Q12950581]]? Maybe you want to add yours once it reaches your (first) goal of 100 topics. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 21:40, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :::::{{Ping|Andreas}} Ah, now I see, sorry for the confusion. I've mentioned the wikidata idea to the others in the Scots Leid server, but it seems like a plan. Ye've given me a few things to think about, so thanks. Also I realised I never addressed the editathon point. The one happening in a few days already has a theme of places, but I can easily add nature to the list of potential themes (if I can find where we stuck the theme list...) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:37, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::::::Glad I could do something useful. By the way, would you guys mind a lurker in the discord server? ;D --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 01:06, 25 September 2020 (UTC) Oh, and may I be curious and ask what dialect of Scots you speak? I noticed you use "ae" for English "of", which I haven't seen before. :::::::{{Ping|Andreas}} Sure, all are welcome in the server long as they respect the language and the rules, and it's primarily Doric but I think it's kinda been influenced by Glaswegian a bit by now. Need an invite link for the Discord server? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:11, 25 September 2020 (UTC) ::::::::Aye, please. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 01:21, 25 September 2020 (UTC) :::::::::{{Ping|Andreas}} https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN This should hopefully work [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1.5px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7; padding-right: 5px" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Dark Blue Scottish Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Scots Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Have I ever told you that you are the best anti-vandalism fighter and copy editor on this entire site? Well, you are!<br />I know you said you weren't interested, but you seriously would make a great admin. I sincerely look forward to your future contributions keeping up your great track record!! &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 06:08, 13 October 2020 (UTC) |} == Ratko Janev == Thanks for adding him.[[Special:Contributions/178.148.109.252|178.148.109.252]] ([[User talk:178.148.109.252|talk]]) 22:25, 1 November 2020 (UTC) =={{en}} Next Scots Wiki editathon - 14 & 15 November== Hey there, as you attended one of our previous editathons, thought you might like to know about the next one! 14 & 15 November, details [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon November 2020|on the event page]], the theme is '''Weemin an Minorities fae Scotland an Ulster.''' :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:41, 10 November 2020 (UTC) == Sub categories == (en) I suggested at the editathon that People (Fowk) could be divided intae a group fir STEM ( Science Technology Engineering Medicine) an Nurses. And a subcategory for Scottish suffragettes /suffragists who are notable weemen who suffered fir tae give weemen votes. [[Uiser:Kaybeesquared|Kaybeesquared]] ([[Uiser collogue:Kaybeesquared|tauk]]) 19:09, 15 November 2020 (UTC) =={{en}} Next editathon== Hey there, as a previous attendee of a Scots Wiki editathon, I thought you might like to know about the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|December event, Sat 12 & Sun 13th.]] In addition to the usual wiki support, this month I'm really excited to say that we'll have '''language support in place from the Scots Language Centre''', who'll be online between 12-3 on Zoom on Saturday with us to help with any of your queries. * [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-tickets-131613729207 Eventbrite link to sign up to Saturday Zoom session] * [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|On-wiki event page]] Hope to see you there! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:49, 8 Dizember 2020 (UTC) == {{en}} Sunday 13th December - extra zoom session with the Scots Language Centre! == We've added another session for the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|editathon this weekend,]] with the folks from the SLC. Join us on Zoom for editing 12-3 on Sunday now too; we can help with wiki and language queries :) [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-sunday-13th-tickets-132517919665 Book your place on Eventbrite here.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:34, 11 Dizember 2020 (UTC) == Hello, == I'll try to back off now to be honest. I don't want to cause ''any'' trouble at all. Thank you and sorry. Signed Tom AKA ([[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 12:34, 17 Dizember 2020 (UTC)) == [[Princess Marie Auguste o Thurn an Taxis]] -> Princess Maria Augusta o Thurn an Taxis == Hello, sorry to bother you. Would you be able to move the above link to Princess Maria Augusta o Thurn an Taxis at all? Thank you, sorry again but Happy New Year too. Signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 20:36, 1 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Cleanup == Hi, I'm continuing with my cleanup of the misuse of Scots words, and now I'm onto ''lairge''. The way I understand it, "lairge" only refers to large numbers/plentifulness, while "muckle" is about physical size. Am I right? --[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|That's how you do fake Cyrillic properly and phonetically]]) 10:17, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Corsicanwarrah}} I believe either or can be used, but muckle/muckler/mucklest is preferred for size, that is correct. If this is about me removing the Fixscots template on [[eagle]], it's because I fixed the Scots back in October [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:29, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == re: == Hi, tha mi troimh-chèile, duilich. An urrainn dhut a cheartachadh?--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 14:47, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == re: == I have already created the page in Scottish Gaelic, the first one remains to be corrected (do it in Scottish)--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 15:08, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Clubaichean de churaidhean saoghal ball-coise FIFA == Hi, the content is now ok, but i can't change the title, should be put: List FIFA of football clubs world champions. But in scots I do not know how to write it, you can do it? :-) --[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 19:07, 9 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Leet o warld champion fitba clubs == hello, ok, i add. See forby, this article in other wiki is annex o ''FIFA club warld cup'' an ''Intercontinental Cup''. In my opinion it has notability as it is the sum o tha teetles officially recognized bi FIFA--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 06:08, 10 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Intercontinental Cup == I created this page, it was necessary, I can't link it to other languages, can you do it?--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 08:35, 10 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Sorry about the edits I make == Hi, sorry to bother you but I’m sorry for the edits I make in English because I’m an English person. I enjoy writing articles to build the encyclopedia. [[Uiser:RedhotRod4|RedhotRod4]] ([[Uiser collogue:RedhotRod4|tauk]]) 10:44, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|RedhotRod4}} Hey, in that case I'd encourage ye to make articles in yer personal userspace then ask for them to be translated. If ye're interested in learning to write Scots, we've got a [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Scots language Discord server] where we'd be happy to help. The other issue with the articles is the lack of substance to them. While there is some minor substance to [[Damageplan]], it'd still be good to have more content with references. The [[Frankenstrat]] article as it stands could easily be merged with [[Eddie Van Halen]] as per our [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability policy]] regarding broad articles before specific articles (thanks for expanding that article by the way. It's a better start but still could do with a bit of polish) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:15, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) Uh...ok. [[Uiser:RedhotRod4|RedhotRod4]] ([[Uiser collogue:RedhotRod4|tauk]]) 12:21, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) == New uiser warnin template for Notability == Hullo, a hae pit thegither a new uiser warnin template whan airticle's [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability]] is bein speirt. A hae noted hou ti uise it (as thair is some customisation) [[Wikipedia:Redd_Up#Notability_Speirt|here]]. [[Uiser:Soothrhins|soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 21:52, 19 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Soothrhins}} The extra text pairt o the template micht need a bit o wirk as it dupes the text an maks reid airtins (see [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uiser_collogue:124.169.246.158&oldid=833961 iss edit] fur an ensaumple) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:57, 22 Januar 2021 (UTC) ::<code><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></code> was used twice: In the <code>if</code> for multiple violations(?) and for the "Extra text". I changed the first one to <code><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></code> for now because the second one ("Extra text") is used in the documentation. --[[Uiser:Andreas|<span style="color:#cb005f">Lacey</span>]] <sup>([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|<span style="color:#cb005f">tauk</span>]])</sup> 20:19, 22 Januar 2021 (UTC) :::{{ping|Andreas}} {{ping|CiphriusKane}} Thanks! [[Uiser:Soothrhins|soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 14:11, 24 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Leet o warld champion fitba clubs == I don't know who made this mess: the page in question has been merged with the page of the FIFA world federation, they are two things that have nothing to do with each other, one is the world federation, the other is the list of world champions clubs released by FIFA, you can correct?--[[Uiser:Kanoawi|Kanoawi]] ([[Uiser collogue:Kanoawi|tauk]]) 11:44, 23 Januar 2021 (UTC) : {{ping|Kanoawi}} Hey, I was the one who merged the articles. The list was tagged as a violation of our [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability policy]] in relation to article quality (zero context about the list, lack of sufficient sources) and was left untouched for over the stated improvement duration (1 week) so I merged it into FIFA, as it's basically just a list of clubs recognised by FIFA and the FIFA article itself is lacking. The alternate was I delete the list article outright, and we favour merging over deletion where possible. Should the list page be brought up to scratch, then it needn't be merged. Also, saying that the list of clubs '''recognised by FIFA''' is unrelated to FIFA seems contradictory [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:04, 23 Januar 2021 (UTC) =={{en}} January editathon== Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 30 & Sun 31 January. If you'd like help improving your written scots skills, then folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-saturday-30th-tickets-137925028473 Saturday (15:00-17:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-sunday-31st-tickets-137925646321 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. Feedback last time was that the language support was really helpful (and fun!), and we'd love to see you. We're looking mainly at improving articles to do with politics, particularly articles about politicians. More info, article lists, and sign up details on the event page: [[wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021|Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:57, 27 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Frog article == Hi — I see you've been involved with the 'Frog' page on the Scots Wikipedia. I thought I might bring it to your attention that the page has been vandalised (overwritten with text from the Middle English Wikipedia) — I'm not savvy enough to fix the change myself but I hope flagging it is enough. [[Uiser:Æolus|Æolus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Æolus|tauk]]) 21:41, 31 Januar 2021 (UTC) =={{en}} Thanks for taking part in the January editathon!== Just as it says above - thanks for taking part. You can see [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/E_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_Editathon_30-31_Januar_(30-31_Januar_2021) the results of January's event here], I reckon we did pretty well. Hope to see you at the next one! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 18:07, 3 Februar 2021 (UTC) == Hello, == This is Tom, I nopticed that my block has since been removed (I think it was for 3 months, THINK) and I was wondering IF I could contribute A BIT now? I mrean in terms of correcting spellings and small points like that not creating 900 articles an hour I mean so fear not [lol] But yes that was my question. I asked you as I think you were the user who blocked me (as I said I THINK it was you) Signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 16:07, 13 Februar 2021 (UTC) : Hey Tom, the block was actually only one month which expired a few days ago. The concern I have is that even outside of mass creation of pages, yer Scots ability is still lacking, such as [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloria,_Princess_o_Thurn_an_Taxis&diff=prev&oldid=817654 this edit] which somehow turned English into incorrect English, let alone into Scots. Probably the best idea is to make suggestions for changes on relevant talk pages so that experienced Scots speakers can make the changes properly. This was one of the proposals on the AN thread which saw support. I'd suggest focusing on proving that existing articles are notable by themselves, rather than on making more genealogy pages. : If ye agree with this, I can inform the AN discussion and get consensus for the deal, with a possible stipulation that ye get an article namespace block to ensure enforcement, along with a single reminder per new IP, to account for yer memory problems and IP changes. This deal will also entail that ye stop maligning other editors, including accusing them of being spiteful. : I get ye want to help which is why I'm nae reblocking ye, but yer actions have had an adverse effect on other editors. If I may borrow yer words, keep in mind that we're human. How does this sound? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 05:28, 14 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::Yo, just saw this. I didn't accuse anyone on scowiki being spieful, that was some of the enwiki users. I can honestky say that everyone I 've encountered on scowiki have/has been lovely to be honest so I can't fault that a all. And ok, that makes sense as in bettering the pages that already exist I agree because as ye said my scots is lacking *blushes* but yes ok thank you for the swift reply too and happy Valentine's Day [lol] signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 18:08, 14 Februar 2021 (UTC) :::"that was some of the enwiki users" This is what I mean by maligning other users. Slandering them here is part of the reason why I blocked ye, because it indicates to me that ye think it's fine to disparage them because it was a different wiki. I dinnae care where it happened, or why, or whether or nae they've edited here or even ken this wiki exists, calling other users spiteful is out of line [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:00, 15 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::::It's purely frustration on my part, I'm not excusing it and I totally see your point but it is just sheer frustration and disappointment. Sorry :( [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 14:18, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) :::::Tom, this'll be yer reminder to keep to talk pages rather than editing articles directly. Also, I need ye to explicitly state that ye agree with the terms of the deal before I present it to the AN [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) == [[Friedrich, Duke o Mecklenburg-Grabow]] -> Duke Friedrich o Mecklenburg, Prince o Grabow == Hello, would you be able to move the above to the latter at all? I did some research and his title is wrong (my fault ''entirely'' having made it in the first place) Prince of/o Grabow was/wis in fact his title/teetle, not/nae Duke o Mecklenburg-Grabow. I also added a reference to his article too. Hope you're well, I must admit I'm quite proud of the addition of a reference to be honest [lol] forever in your debt signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 14:15, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) :'''Nae done''' - The source ye linked says Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow. Provide a reliable source saying otherwise or it remains as is [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::However, rywiki says Grabow wis an appanage an dewiki says he wis styled *Prince* [o Grabow] plus, ruwiki has his page as *Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Grabowsk(i)* the reference I added wis more to do with where he wis buried (I wis going create a ''Category:Buirials at the Schelfkirche, Schwerin'', in the very distant future, that's all that was for) [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 19:45, 17 Februar 2021 (UTC) The main point is he wasn't the Duke of/o *MG but the Prince of/o G. :::Wikipedia isnae a valid source, and neither of those pages list him as Duke and Prince in the title. The de wiki lists neither. Also, ye've technically broken the terms of the deal I proposed now, only reason I've nae blocked is because the deal wisnae ratified by the community [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:21, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::::Ok, so I have located a source that does mention his title being an appanage BUT it reads prety much exactly the same as dewiki so I'm a bit confused right now. [https://wollongongmemorialgardens.com.au/history/search-our-records/deceased-search?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGZGUud2lraXBlZGlhLm9yZyUyRndpa2klMkZGcmllZHJpY2hfenVfTWVja2xlbmJ1cmcmYWxsPTE%3D ''Friedrich , Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin], sometimes wrongly: Friedrich I , called Prince von Grabow (born February 13, 1638 in Schwerin , † April 28, 1688 in Grabow ) was an apanaged prince in Grabow.'' ] [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 18:32, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) what terms? :::::It's likely a mirror site then, and all this is saying to me is that the page should maybe be called "Freidrich o Mecklenburg" without any titles. As for the terms, scroll up [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:39, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) ==Mairch editathon== {{en}}Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 20 & Sun 11 march, we'll be looking at Scots & Irish media & art. If you'd like to come and edit socially, then myself and folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-saturday-20th-tickets-145533926893 Saturday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-sunday-21st-tickets-145534247853 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. More info, article lists, and dashboard sign up details on the event page: [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Mairch 2021]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:29, 19 Mairch 2021 (UTC) == RedhotRod4 == Hullo, CiphriusKane. I’m NinjaRobotPirate, an I can confirm that [[Uiser:RedhotRod4]] is a sockpuppet of PoliceOfficer124, an eeditor on enwiki. Thanks foar blockin the account. I speak a bit of French, but I do have an understanding of Scots as well. {{unsigned|89.168.3.43}} 00:46, 19 Mairch 2021 (UTC) :The abeen message wisna sent bi NinjaRobotPirate, but prolly bi PoliceOfficer124, impersonation wis confirmt [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:08, 20 Mairch 2021 (UTC) == Greetings fellow earthling. == Hope all is well on your end, I wanted to ask your permission to create a small page about María Francisca Fernanda Fitz-James Stuart y Stolberg-Gedern (to correspond with the sister article on eswiki) and wanted to ask your permission before jumping the gun and creating it and then going a bit mad and making 10 others then being labelled god only knows what. So am I ok to do this? (I have also found a few online references to include in to the creation of said article. It may interest you to know, that I've emailed the stewards but am still awaiting a response, I even emailed User:Jimbo Wales but again am awaiting a response and am still praying desperately. I'll check this later signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:27, 12 Mey 2021 (UTC) :Tom, you've got a community block. This means that you will only be allowed to edit if you can convince the community to unblock you, both on here and on enwiki. So no, you're not making any more pages, especially not badly translated genealogy pages. Rightfully I should be blocking this IP as well, but I'm not going to yet, not unless you give me a reason to [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:53, 12 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::Hello, thank you for giving me the chance to reply too, as I said I have emailed the stewards seeking assistance but don't hold out much hope that anyone will be overly helpful plus I'm not convinced Jimbo will even acknowledge me, plus I'm far to scared to write on his en talkpage for fear of being blocked or generally moaned at. How can I actually get any help from people via email though, it's easy for people to dismiss others via email, I doubt these people would be as dismissive in person but then we'll never know. I honestly don't know what else or whom else to contact (I also contacted an en admin via email and she ignored me, then I found her on Twitter and she blocked me. :| prior to me saying I just need your help I don't want your bank details. Also, I initially started making pages on here to try to make people aware that several pagenames on enwiki are in fact wrong, for example #en wiki : Maria Theresa of Spain vs sco [[Marie Thérèse o Austrick]] (She was a Habsburg of Spain, but an Archduchess of Austria, thus Spain is incorrect, even her grave says M T of A in French obviously) #en wiki : Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow vs sco [[Karl, Hereditary Prince o Mecklenburg-Güstrow]] (heir to the throne and thus styled Hereditary Prince) #en wiki : María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna vs sco : [[María Josefa Pimentel y Téllez-Girón, Duchess o Osuna]] (Spanish nobility uses paternal names first followed by maternal maiden names thus en is incorrect and misleading) #en wiki Ángela Téllez-Girón, 16th Duchess of Osuna vs sco [[Ángela Téllez-Girón y Duque de Estrada, 16t Duchess o Osuna]] (same situation as above) I honestly don't know what to do. This is all so frustrating and unfair, as I said I doubt I'd be ignored in person. Pleaseeeeeeeeee help me. :( signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:56, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::Frankly all these pages should be VfD'd. This wiki is not your playpen [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:16, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::Also Tom, let me make myself clear: it is the communities that you have to ask to be unblocked. The COMMUNITIES. Not the stewards, not Jimbo Wales, not me, the communities. Evading your block just because you don't like it is why you keep being blocked [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:23, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::I was unaware that I had to contact the communities to be fair. How do I go about doing so, as I've not even heard of this (thank you for informing me of this though) :::::[[:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System]] Use this for enwiki, and for here, post [[Template:Unblock]] with your appeal on your IP talk page. Make it clear that you understand why you were blocked and what you will do differently, and most importantly do not make negative aspersions about anybody in your appeal. Calling others bullies and claiming vendettas is a surefire way to having an instant decline [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:19, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::::OH I SEE, so just to be clear, I'm putting the unblock template on SeaSnail's talk page yes? I'm a tiny bit scared to do so for fear of just immeadiately being blocked to be honest =[ signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 10:09, 14 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::::::Naw, on your IP talk page. There is no way we can unblock the SeaSnail account [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:16, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::::::Oh you mean the talk page for ''' 31.125.215.135'''? Because I haven't edited enwiki on this IP address though so surely it'd make more sense to do it on SeaSnails as that's the one that's blocked? Signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:08, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) Tom, I'm going to level with you here. Any unblock appeal you make is probably going to fail. In your last appeal, you immediately resorted to personal attacks, and that was six weeks ago. The standard offer on enwiki has six months minimum good behaviour from what I understand, and this includes no block evasion or personal attacks. If I help you with the appeals any further, I'm just setting you up for failure [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:16, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::::::: hello, sorry for the late reply, I saw you had replied when I was on my phone but the screen is too small for me to see what I was actually typing (I'm 75% blind as a result of the previously mentioned brain injury I had in 2012 so I'm writing this on my laptop. Anyway, I do genuinely feel that the way I have been treated has been totally fair, I highly doubt people would have treated me like this if if was in person but because this is the internet it's ok to treat other human beings like dirt, apart from the fact I have made hundreds on articles (on scowiki alone) ''some'' of which I ''think'' have been deleted presumably due to the poor linguistics so fine but I also though Wikipedia was for everyone? Not just a lucky few. I set up SeaSnail using an email address for a faceboik account I have (email address is lmadebourbon@gmail.com look it up IF you don't believe me) and my ip address at that point was not blocked so thought it would be ok but MY email was blocked (tom.june13@gmail.com) so it does sort of feel like I can never win :| as I have said to you countless times (and probably other) I'm a hguman being, with feelings I don't deserve to be treated like a bad person when I'm not, plus I've never vandalised Wikipedia corrected yes, but not vandalised. Signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 16:12, 17 Mey 2021 (UTC) : Six months Tom. That is the minimum I expect you to wait before making any further appeals. I'll also be blocking this IP because you were on thin ice as it was, but resorting to casting aspersions again cracked it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:11, 20 Mey 2021 (UTC) :: Tom, I have advised CK to not unblock you under any circumstances without my approval. My talk page is [[uiser collogue:MJL|here]] to discuss your next appeal in 6 months.<br />Please consider editing [https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Family_History_and_Genealogy_Wiki the Family History and Genealogy Wiki]; it's more attuned to your interests anyways.<br />In the meantime, please stop bothering CiphriusKane about this. &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times, times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 18:32, 21 Mey 2021 (UTC) == {{en}} Next Editathon == Heya, heads up that the next Editathon will take place this weekend (5 & 6 June), we're looking at Scots in STEM as a starting point. More info on the event page [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Juin 2021|here.]] Hope to see ou at the Zoom sessions! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:09, 3 Juin 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, Admins of the emerging community, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 10/11 July, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:14, 10 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21568660 --> == Translation request == Hello. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]], [[:en:Emblem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] and [[:en:Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] in Scots Wikipedia? They should not be long. Yours sincerely, [[Uiser:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Uiser collogue:Multituberculata|tauk]]) 15:16, 1 Julie 2021 (UTC) == [[Lycalopex]] == How is my Scots on the article [[Lycalopex]]? Also, due to my passion in righting the Scots Wikipedia, I've been rewriting increasingly large sections of articles (about animals, for the time being) in what I think is correct Scots. Am I at risk of becoming the new AG? --[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|юзер толк]]) 17:56, 18 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Honda 70== Dear I have corrected from Honda 70 to Honda CD70 and you had deleted the link, kindly note that Honda CD70 is the brand and it is the largest selling motorcycle in Pakistan. Please revert your changes... :It's unnecessary external airtins in the body ae the airticle. We'r nae here tae be an advertisn platform fur the bike [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 10:20, 19 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, please save the [[Qaem Shahr]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Uiser:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Uiser collogue:Viera iran|tauk]]) 13:56, 25 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Restore Charlotte's Web == The page [[Charlotte's Web]] wis delytit, but had useful content. Can ye restore it? Thank ye. [[Special:Contributions/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] ([[User talk:104.58.147.208|talk]]) 02:20, 1 November 2021 (UTC) :Please note: that page had been taen fae [[:en:Charlotte's Web]]. [[Special:Contributions/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] ([[User talk:104.58.147.208|talk]]) 02:22, 1 November 2021 (UTC) ::A'v undeletit the airticle as requestit. Deletion raisonin leuked shaky ti me onyweys [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 05:14, 1 November 2021 (UTC) :::The page still needs tae be translated some more. Can ye work on it? Also, can ye restore [[Descendants 3]]? It too seemed tae be a shaky deletion bi a non-Scots global admin. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|talk]]) 20:57, 25 November 2021 (UTC) ::::Also, Charlotte's Web needs tae be connected tae Wikidata. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|talk]]) 20:59, 25 November 2021 (UTC) == DRV == I suggest you block 2601:43:0:3970:0:0:0:0/64 instead. IP users on this particular ISP can hop IP's in a /64 range pretty easily (switching from devices, opening a new browser window) [[Uiser:Wizzito|Wizzito]] ([[Uiser collogue:Wizzito|tauk]]) 20:46, 19 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januar 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(6)&oldid=22532666 --> == (en) Zoom editing session & guest speaker - Thursday 20th January == Hey there! Just a wee reminder that we've got a social editing session this evening as part of the January writing drive, 7-9, featuring guest speaker Dr Michael Dempster from the Scots Language Centre! [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/245743775247 You can sign up on Eventbrite here]. Be great to see you! [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 11:02, 20 Januar 2022 (UTC) == Barnstar! == {| style="border: 1.5px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7; padding-right: 5px" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Dark Blue Scottish Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Scots Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | <var>This barnstar is bein gien as an awaird tae ken yer contreebution tae the Scots wiki bi gien a haun in the Januar 2022 Writin Drive</var> [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 17:40, 26 Januar 2022 (UTC) |} [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 17:40, 26 Januar 2022 (UTC) ==Whauriver ye be...== ...lang may yer lum reek! == Scots question. == Is it true that in the Scots language, "in" means the same thing in both English & Scots? I am still not the best at Scots at the moment, especially with the Scottish equivalent of "sight words". Could you redirect me to some resources for learning Scots? It would be greatly helpful and appreciated as I am having some difficulty finding nice resources. Best Regards, [[Uiser:L&#39;Mainerque|L&#39;Mainerque]] ([[Uiser collogue:L&#39;Mainerque|tauk]]) 00:57, 8 October 2022 (UTC) :(en) {{ping|L'Mainerque}} Yep, though some people spell it as i and drop the n. "an" would mean either "an" or "and" in English. As for resources, Michael Dempster has a 10-hour course on Scots [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmk3hiyUEgWl7Qa9pBGN3r94ahQiSXJ2U here] and there's a Scots language Discord server [https://discord.gg/sMceZgcd here] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:04, 8 October 2022 (UTC) ::(en) @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] I figured, I thought "an" meant both "and" & "in" from something I read, but I wasn't 100% sure. I will take a look onto that 10hr course & I have joined the Discord. ::Thank you so much, ::[[Uiser:L&#39;Mainerque|L&#39;Mainerque]] ([[Uiser collogue:L&#39;Mainerque|tauk]]) 01:14, 8 October 2022 (UTC) == CrossWiki spam == Hello, [[NateNet]] article is a CrossWiki spam created by the same user on all Wikis. Thanks. [[Uiser:Wooze|Wooze]] ([[Uiser collogue:Wooze|tauk]]) 20:24, 24 October 2022 (UTC) :(en) I'm aware and am addressing the situation, but thanks for the heads up [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:33, 24 October 2022 (UTC) == WE NEED YOU BACK == Can you please come back to editing and change xxxtenacion’s picture from the mugshot to something better!!!! 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏 [[Special:Contributions/24.121.43.130|24.121.43.130]] ([[User talk:24.121.43.130|talk]]) 06:48, 6 December 2022 (UTC) == Quick question / main page == Hi there. I'm [[Uiser:Alison]] - bureaucrat and admin on the [[:ga:Príomhleathanach|Irish]] and [[:gv:Ard-ghuillag|Manx Wikipedias]]. I just happened to stop by and saw that the mainpage here could use a little makeover. I did this successfully for both the Irish and Manx wikis, including setting up daily rolling content, updating the CSS and Modules, etc. I don't speak Scots, I have to say, so would need a little bit of your help on a few things - but I can easily handle all the technical stuff. Let me know what you think - [[Uiser:Alison|Alison]] ([[Uiser collogue:Alison|tauk]]) 21:40, 27 December 2022 (UTC) :(en) {{ping|Alison}} Hey, I appreciate the offer. The main page is something that's not been touched since Leidgate, so could probably do with a fresh coat of paint, so to speak. If you're willing, we can talk more in the E Scots Leid discord server ([https://discord.gg/YfgwV4He invite]), as while I try and keep discussions onwiki I feel like this could benefit from real time chat, plus there's other editors on there that prefer Discord over onwiki discussions [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:31, 28 December 2022 (UTC) == River Duin == See [[Collogue:River Doon|Collogue]] [[Uiser:Nogger|Nogger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Nogger|tauk]]) 22:23, 23 Januar 2023 (UTC) :A aareidy replied there, an a still sey it's conjectur [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:25, 23 Januar 2023 (UTC) == Discouraged == Hello Ciphrius. I can see that according to your userpage you're feeling a bit discouraged at the moment. Keep up the good work here. I always enjoy chatting with you on Discord, it actually helps me learn more about different cultures without having to travel to them! (no I'm not going to rewrite this in Scots, I can read it but not speak it. If I did I would probably sound like someone trying to sound like [[Shrek]]) [[Uiser:Blaze Wolf|Blaze Wolf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Blaze Wolf|tauk]]) 14:10, 30 Januar 2023 (UTC) == Non-free use rationale == How dae ye uplaid ''non-free'' files? It airts tae a Wikimedia commons link.[[Uiser:That Northern Irish Historian|That Northern Irish Historian]] ([[Uiser collogue:That Northern Irish Historian|tauk]]) 00:45, 5 Mey 2023 (UTC) :Try [[Special:Upload]] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:58, 5 Mey 2023 (UTC) ::'The action that ye hae requestit is leemitit til uisers in the groop: [[Wikipedia:Admeenistraters|Admeenistraters]].' [[Uiser:That Northern Irish Historian|That Northern Irish Historian]] ([[Uiser collogue:That Northern Irish Historian|tauk]]) 17:05, 29 Mey 2023 (UTC) == Uill feumaidh mi cuideachadh. == Uill feumaidh mi cuideachadh. Carson a tha thu ag aontachadh. Chan eil fios agam ciamar a dh 'fheumas mi a'raf a th' ann. Dè an seòrsa dùilean a tha thu ag iarraidh? [[Special:Contributions/172.103.168.17|172.103.168.17]] ([[User talk:172.103.168.17|talk]]) 01:51, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) == Hey == Feumaidh mi cuideachadh le Scot cànan. An urrainn dhut innse dhomh dè an riatanas a th 'ann airson Wikipedia? [[Uiser:Gracewan2012|Gracewan2012]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gracewan2012|tauk]]) 01:59, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) :Ye kin stairt bi pittin yer messages in the [[Scots leid]], fit is the leid o iss projeck, insteid ae Scottish Gaelic, an stappin wi editin fae yer IP. A cannna actual spik Scottish Gaelic [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:05, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) == Recreation of some deleted pages for Car manufacturers == @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] Hi Ciphrius! Please can you recreate some deleted pages about Car manufacturers which you deleted them on Scots Wikipedia: * Aston Martin * Audi * Bentley * Chevrolet * Jeep * Nissan * Porsche * Škoda Auto * Volvo Cars In addition, can you create a new page for the newborn German Car manufacturer Borgward: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgward and also for Cadillac: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac and VinFast: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/VinFast which are missing on Scots Wikipedia. Thanks [[Uiser:EDASHI|EDASHI]] ([[Uiser collogue:EDASHI|tauk]]) 05:36, 11 September 2023 (UTC) :(en) Those articles were all deleted for being [[Scotched English|Scotched]], and checking over the deleted revisions they were also extremely threadbare and quantity-over-quality creations (i.e. 1-2 unsourced sentences). Given how much of this wiki is still like that, I'm disinclined to recreate those pages myself but I'll not stop anybody that wishes to (re)create the pages while addressing the issues I listed [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:20, 11 September 2023 (UTC) == Hertenin an speirin == Aye aye! Gaun yersel! Keep on giein it laldie! Cud ye please gies a haun wi the wirds that's misscotched in the airticles, kettegories an templates? Dae ye ken hou tae modifee mony kettegories at aince? Fur ensaumple, chyngin 'establishment' tae 'estaiblishment' as i [[:Category:1997 establishments]]? [[Uiser:Munci|Munci]] ([[Uiser collogue:Munci|tauk]]) 18:01, 16 October 2023 (UTC) :{{ping|Munci}} Hiv ye gien HotCat ae twirl? Ye cin pit it up bi gangin ti [[Special:Preferences]], dabbin the "Gadgets" heider an tickin the HotCat box? An sairie fur the lang reply, internet wis oot the past week [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:03, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Thank ye, A'd haurd o HotCat bit A didnae ken hou tae wirk it ir whit it daes. A'll gie hit a shot! Nae bather! [[Uiser:Munci|Munci]] ([[Uiser collogue:Munci|tauk]]) 15:30, 5 November 2023 (UTC) :::A'd advise uisin "mak" ower "creaut". Whiles there is hits fur creaut in Gilmour's Corpus, it's rare sae a'v been in the wey ae changin aa the "creaut"/"ceaut"/"craeft" on the wiki ti "mak", bit it's yer walin [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 5 November 2023 (UTC) == Hebrew == Thanks a lot for your edit to [[Template:lang-he]]. Still "lang-he-n" and "lang-he-a" to go, pretty please... -[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|юзер толк]]) 18:08, 29 October 2023 (UTC) :Deen, still some airtins til Ebreu left bit sud aa jist be airticle-level insteid ae template level [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:45, 29 October 2023 (UTC) == TNA == Im anly copypastin A want tae rename the page tae total nonstop action, the uiser wha eeditit put it wrong, the company is namit Total Nonstop Action no TNA Wrestling that's why a did whita did juist correctin uiser mistak. [[Uiser:TNAFan55|TNAFan55]] ([[Uiser collogue:TNAFan55|tauk]]) 13:28, 5 Februar 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|TNAFan55}} An in daein sae, ye essentially erased the airticle's edit history. The CC-BY-SA license requires attreibution ti be gien/keppit up, hence foo come ye flit pages ti preserv the edit history, ye dinna jist copypaste it acause aat remuives the edit history an gies ye credit fur edits ye didna mak insteid ae the actual awthor [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 13:38, 5 Februar 2024 (UTC) ::Lorg mi an cànan Albannach. Faodaidh tu na h-artaigilean ùra a leantainn. ::([[Uiser:Ahmed brens|Ahmed brens]] ([[Uiser collogue:Ahmed brens|tauk]]) 20:34, 16 Februar 2024 (UTC)) == Is this page in Scots, or phonetically spelled English == [[Electronic cigarette]] [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|talk]]) 17:36, 14 Mairch 2024 (UTC) This too: [[Ford Vedette]] [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|talk]]) 17:40, 14 Mairch 2024 (UTC) == The Missin Links == There's a lot o missin links in many Scots airticles. They arenae doin any guid tae the airticles, so should I remove them? [[Uiser:EVTOfficial|EVTOfficial]] ([[Uiser collogue:EVTOfficial|tauk]]) 00:31, 5 Juin 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|EVTOfficial}} Ay, remuiv reid airtins an categories. Thay wis pit ower athoot thocht anent foo appropriate thay war fur iss wiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:18, 6 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for your hard work == Thank you. Can you tell if [[Special:Contributions/Crotot|User:Crotot]] is a Scots speaker? They wrote almost all the pages in [[:Category:Ceeties in North Dakota]], such as [[Ashley, North Dakota]]. [[Uiser:Foxes die!|Foxes die!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Foxes die!|tauk]]) 18:38, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) :(en) Looks like they just did a heap of copypasting and managed to make the lairge/muckle mistake, so there's a high chance that they were just copying out of the same faulty dictionary as the others, but they're nae X1-eligible on that grounds [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:46, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) ::Does X1 only apply to the users here? https://quarry.wmcloud.org/query/49315 [[Uiser:Foxes die!|Foxes die!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Foxes die!|tauk]]) 21:17, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) :::(en) It applies to a specific subset of 11 users ay, those targeted in the Massive Kirkyaird cleanup. It acts as an extension intending to catch articles that were invalid either due to other edits (e.g. file moves, vandalism) or, in one user's case, due to using alts that were excluded. I'd also rather avoid naming said users in edit summaries because most of them never meant any harm, some of them just got carried away [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:38, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Translate == Hello. Unfortunately, I don’t know Scots language, but I can help. I began to rework articles about Ukrainian administrative units, since in 2020 an administrative-territorial reform was carried out in Ukraine, according to which new districts and a new administrative unit were created - the hromadas (громади) instead of city, town and village councils. Do you know how the word ''громада'' is translated into Scots? [[Uiser:VolnyiLev|VolnyiLev]] ([[Uiser collogue:VolnyiLev|tauk]]) 06:04, 25 Juin 2024 (UTC) :(en) Literally it'd be "territorial commonity" if the enwiki article is accurate [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:48, 25 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Novi Sad railway station windae-canapy coup == Please sort oot the airticle wi spellin mistaks. I'm awfy grateful. [[Special:Contributions/188.255.145.157|188.255.145.157]] ([[User talk:188.255.145.157|talk]]) 22:58, 2 November 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! 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Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:24, 26 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Notable films == Hi, I disagree with deleting film articles on the basis of notability when they are obviously notable, just not properly referenced, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:30, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Atlantic306}} then impruiv them! Or is iss wiki meant ti hae nae form ae quality control an ivery airticle aat's ae sentence lang athoot references be allooed ti staan? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:32, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :: It's just as much your responsibility to improve the articles before deleting them. On the english wiki articles are kept if they are notable topics not based on their current appearance, [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:36, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Atlantic306}} Iss isna enwiki tho, an enwiki didna hae ae bunch ae lairners rinnin aroon wi fauty dictionairs puttin fuck aa effort inti thair airticle churn spam [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:38, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) ::::From the Scots notability page: "If ye jalous that a topic or airticle isnae 'notable', ye shuid leuk for soorces yersel." this provision is being ignored. Maybe they should be deleted on low quality grounds and not Scottish rather than notability, [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:53, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :::::{{ping|Atlantic306}} There's iss as weel: "Seiven days ar than gien ti mak impruivments that kythe 'notability'. The tag shuidna be taen awa in that week. Syne, action maun be taen tae mell wi anither airticle or delete it if nae impruivments war made." Maist o the film pages dinna hae ony page aat thay kin be mellt inti. It gets treatit as a enwiki PROD essentially. An it's ironic aat ye gie bein law quality as bein ae raeson fan ye wis remuivin tags fur aat exac raeson [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:09, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :As asked [[#Restore Charlotte's Web|before]], can ye restore [[Descendants 3]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 17:22, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Gin ye wint it remak it fine, bit leukin ower it a didna restore it back then acause a didna dispute the raeson fur the deletion [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:53, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::I need help with the translation. Same for [[Descendants (2015 film)]] and [[Descendants 2]]. There are also many missing articles in [[Template:Disney theatrical animatit featurs]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::Template's pit up fur deletion. Yet anither ridiculous "enwiki has it so scowiki needs it too" case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:13, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Could you help with the translation on the Descendants pages? I personally think that these Disney animated films deserve pages. If I start some, could you help me? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 19:22, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Also, another template: [[Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 19:27, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::Another thing, [[robbery]] and [[God]] are really short articles, should they be deleted? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 20:29, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::Bein short is in itsel nae ae threipin fur deletion, an a hae ti speir at ye, seein as it's clear aat yer lackin the Scots skills, fit tuils is ye uisin fur yer owersettins? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:18, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::An ti be frank a'd raither fowk focus on reddin up fit we hae insteid ae eikin ti the pile, an navboxen aat's 95% reid airtins is uissless, as the pint ae the navbox is ti navigate atween relatit pages, nae gie ae list ae suggestit pages [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:21, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :OK, I have to be clear. I wasn't actually using a machine translation, but now I see the problem, I was "scotching" basically. That's what I was asking about with the two Descendants pages, do they need fixing? I had written these before the big controversy happened. Since then, I've tried to get low quality pages deleted. Even that was for a petty reason, because of [[Bambi]] being deleted for this reason. I actually would like a proper page about Bambi. {{ping|Atlantic306}}, do you know if you could bring Bambi into scowiki? I've seen you edit the English version. Speaking of which, there is an error on it. The section "sequel" should be "follow-up", because Bambi II isn't a sequel, but a midquel. As for robbery and God, could they be expanded? The former is also unreferenced. I've also looked in the film categories and found more pages that might be X1, AmaryllisGardener created several. {{ping|Cobra 3000}}, would you be interested in creating any Disney pages in sco or gdwiki? Gdwiki had some stubs that were deleted for being low quality. They include a few that still exist in sco, which are [[The Fox and the Hound]], [[The Lion King]], [[Lady and the Tramp]], [[Oliver & Company]], [[Finding Nemo]], and [[The Princess and the Frog]]. These were like the X1 deleted articles, even if they weren't "scotcher" pages, but really short and unreferenced pages. Finally, shouldn't Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios be put up for deletion? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 21:53, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::I mean I can help out if you want! It would be a good opportunity to provide Scots versions of the stories in the form of plot synopses! [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 00:24, 2 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Actually, it might a good idea for an editathon topic. I’ll speak to Wikimedia aboot it! [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 00:25, 2 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Notable films == Hi, these film articles have notability proving references [[Avatar (2009 film)]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]] yet have been tagged for notability anyway. I think this ip editor is going too fast with his nominations, [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:988C:F8D7:BDCB:9475 shown here] imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:57, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) :The feck ae the references is in the infobox an baith films is twa sentences lang aat near eneuch jist seys "This film exists"; infoboxes shid complement airticles, nae be the hale o thaim, fit is happenin there. Stick the text fae ROTK ontil [[The Lord of the Rings]] an there's nae quality lost (an aat's prolly fit a'll dae), aat's the issue here. The film pages exist acause sumbidy decidit aat machine owersettins an airticle quantity maittert mair nor actual airticle quality [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:23, 8 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Doesn't Avatar qualify as an X1 article? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|talk]]) 18:37, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::Normally ay bit gien aa iss collogue anent it a'm haudin aff on actin on it jist yet [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:55, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Useless templates == There are more useless templates linked at [[The Princess and the Frog]]. Shouldn't they be put up for deletion? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81|2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81|talk]]) 23:43, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Gie me a list ae aa the templates then. Aat wey a kin jist dae a batch nomination raither nor takkin potshots at the templates [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:45, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Walt Disney Animation Studios, Ron Clements an John Musker, John Lasseter, an Randy Newman. Also found [[Template:GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000]] linked at [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)]]. Also, what to do about pages nominated for deletion like [[The Dark Knight (film)]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|talk]]) 18:36, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::The other pages nominated for deletion: [[The Dark Knight Rises]], [[Local Hero]], [[Gregory's Girl]], and [[Gandhi (film)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F|2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F|talk]]) 00:56, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::A'm able ti chack the category masel, a dinna need ti be telt fit ti dae [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:49, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::::When will the templates be put up for deletion? And for the nominated pages, when will they be deleted? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9|2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9|talk]]) 19:44, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::::A'm seein gin there's alternates acause despite fit it micht seem lik a'm nae wintin ti tak ae axe ti aahing a see, an the wiki's nae gaun disappear acause it's a bit delayed noo is it? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:45, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Jock Stein == Hi, this diff [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jock_Stein&diff=prev&oldid=904946 here] may need suppressing, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:35, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Dealt wi't afore a leukit at iss message, bit ta fur reportin it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:00, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Category:Cleanup tagged airticles withoot a raison field == What to do about these pages? I tried replacing them with the fixscots template, but was warned that that was wrong. Also, what to do about the deletion candidates and those useless templates linked at [[The Princess and the Frog]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4|2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4|talk]]) 18:47, 2 Juin 2025 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Administrators) will expire on 2025-06-30 01:22:50. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Uiser:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Uiser collogue:Leaderbot|tauk]]) 19:45, 23 Juin 2025 (UTC)</div> == Monthly cleanup categories == To change "from" to "fae" ([[Special:Redirect/logid/409338]]), edit line 370 in [[Module:Message box]] to say <blockquote>local preposition = 'fae'</blockquote> You can see examples on [[:pt:Módulo:Message box|Portuguese Wikipedia]], [[:vi:Mô đun:Message box|Vietnamese Wikipedia]], [[:ru:Модуль:Message box|Russian Wikipedia]]. This will change all pages in categories of this form ([https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=intitle%3Afrom&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns14=1]). Eventually those categories will become empty but the pages may need to be purged first - I am not sure. [[Special:Contributions/96.79.100.209|96.79.100.209]] ([[User talk:96.79.100.209|talk]]) 17:32, 14 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Okay seems aat wirked, ta [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:55, 15 Julie 2025 (UTC) == JJS == Hello CiphriusKane, Help me rather than threatening me, thank you--[[Uiser:Jean700|Jean700]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jean700|tauk]]) 14:20, 23 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Excep there wisna ony threit. Ye postit ae setence-lang "airticle" aat makkit a vague claim wi nae claim thewarts notability, sae a taggit as sic. Gin iss wis enwiki aat airticle wid hae been deletit aareidies [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:27, 23 Julie 2025 (UTC) help me be useful--[[Uiser:Jean700|Jean700]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jean700|tauk]]) 06:53, 24 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Ye kin help yersel bi stendin oot the airticle insteid ae churnin oot fit leuks lik x-wiki spam. Turn it inti summat aat isna a sentence lang an claims aat French airt stairtit in the 1950s an we'll see anent the notability tag [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:32, 24 Julie 2025 (UTC) == Thanks for that == Thanks for accepting the changes [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-63184-6|&#126;2025-63184-6]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2025-63184-6|talk]]) 16:32, 16 September 2025 (UTC) == Update request == Hello, CiphriusKane. Can you rename [[Prince Andrew, Duke o York]] into the Scots version of [[Andra Mountbatten Windsor]]? After all his titles, honours and styles were stripped of him on 30 October 2025, he became plain (Mr.) Andrew Mountbatten Windsor. Here is the official statement from Buckingham Palace: https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2025-10-30/a-statement-from-buckingham-palace Yours sincerely, [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30714-02|&#126;2025-30714-02]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2025-30714-02|talk]]) 17:31, 1 November 2025 (UTC) == Clarification == A think there's been a misunderstanding here, so let me separate things clearly. ==== ScotsCheck (Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck/…) ==== The Translations, Dictionary-en, an Dictionary-sco pages belong tae '''ma personal on-wiki script'''. They are user-space working leets used only by that gadget in ma ain browser. They are '''nae a bot whitelist'''. They are '''nae''' community-approved standards. They are '''nae''' applied automatically by ony account. They are simply ma '''private working notes''', adjusted as A analyse scowiki airticles. If a translation entry is wrang (e.g. "ay" or "basit"), that juist means ma working leet needs corrected - it disnae affect the bot at aw. ==== The bot ([[Uiser:ScotsBot]]) ==== (EN for clarity) The bot executes only the tasks listed at '''[[Uiser:ScotsBot/Tasks]]'''. It does '''not''' read or use the on-wiki ScotsCheck dictionaries. It does not use the Translations page. It does not perform automatic oversettins. At present, the bot is inactive an waitin on the flag. There is currently '''no''' active, community-approved whitelist in operation (located by default at [[Uiser:BZPN/Whitelist.json]]). The bot is '''not''' applying translation replacements (and ''never'' was). If anything looked like oversetting in recent changes, that was my manual edit via my own script interface - not a bot action. ====enwiki block==== A received a community block in October 2025 related tae a content dispute an conduct issues on that project. It wis nae connected tae ony bots, automation, technical misuse, etc. There has been nae cross-wiki abuse, nae undisclosed bot activity, an nae sanctions related tae automation. A'm registered on ScoWiki for about a year, though A only started contributing recently. Scowiki is a separate project, an ma work here has been transparent an open tae scrutiny. A'm a trusted editor on other Wikimedia projects, including simplewiki, plwiki, mediawiki and others. If there are concerns about oversight or safeguards, A'm entirely willing tae operate under supervision. Best regards, [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 00:25, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :Bot eesers need ti be trowstit members o the commonity. Ye stairtit editin twa weeks back an clearly dinna hae the leid skills ti edit, sae fit wye is it aat yer daein the same sort o botlik edits aat got heaps o bad press? Ye didna ask ti rin the script an e'en gied the impression aat ye'd nae dae iss sort o hing. E'en leukin inti simplewiki an plwiki a'm seein mair reid flags, lik the Discord ban an a hefty block log on plwiki, an fit's iss anent a UCOC case? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:39, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::I am responding in English because of your previous comment stating that ''"it's pretty obvious that they're not a Scots speaker"'' was personally humiliating. As I am learning Scots, I won't understand everything perfectly, but that does not justify personal attacks. Writing a full article on scowiki requires careful attention, just as composing text in Scots requires time and effort. The fact that I am learning Scots does not make me less capable or less committed to producing good quality contributions. Back to the point: I have several points to avoid further misunderstandings. First: user scripts. As stated on [[:en:WP:JAVASCRIPT]]: ''"You take full responsibility for any actions taken using any user script. You must read and abide by all relevant Wikipedia policies when using this tool; failure to do so may result in being blocked from editing.''" My script runs on-wiki, requires manual interaction, and does not perform any automatic edits. At no point have I violated any scowiki rules or policies. My edits are fully auditable in page histories. Also, your comments regarding my alleged "bot-like" (suspected "automatic") edits, supposed inexperience, and prior conduct on other wikis constitute a serious personal attack. I am not a vandal, nor have I violated local community norms. Targeting actions from other Wikimedia projects, including blocks or Discord issues, is inappropriate. This approach lacks [[:en:WP:AGF|AGF]] and creates an unfair, hostile environment. Your messages, especially drawing attention to prior blocks and suggesting misconduct, may fall under UCoC 3.1, which includes behaviour intended to outrage or intimidate a person, e.g. by hounding, i.e., repeated critique or questioning across projects, intended to discourage or upset. I encourage you to read and follow the global standards under UCoC and to evaluate my edits and actions on their merits within scowiki. Mischaracterizing my contributions based on assumptions or other projects is discriminatory and contrary to the standards. I am fully willing to discuss any ''legitimate'' concerns about edits on scowiki, and pause certain changes if the community requests. It is late here, so I will be signing off for now. Good night. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 01:15, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::Did ye tell that ti the fowks aat opponed yer simplewiki RfA based on yer UCOC case, Discord ban an ban on plwiki? Acause iss message leuks gey seemlir ti the kind o hing aat wis raised in ither places. A wis giein ye a chance ti explain in yer ain wirds, an it seems yer walin ti come oot fur a fecht. :::As fur "learning Scots", pairt o the raeson aat the wiki's in sic a mess is acause o fowks "learning Scots", fowks aat wi aa gweed intentions managed ti cause sic a mess wi bad owersettins aat there wis discussion anent shuttin the hale projeck doon, an fae fit a'm seein ye wis daein the same hing. We hae tasks fur learners, an it disna incluid rinnin gadgets based on clearly fauty lists. A wis daein spotchecks on seyed lists, nae fu analysis, an a'd wager a'd fin mair wrang wi thaim. An the mix o Scots an Inglis in yer messages disna gie mense ti the idea aat ye hae the needit skills fur editin. :::As fur me bringin ap reid flags, a need ti ken aat a kin trowst the bot operator, an crosswiki behaviour kin be a gweed indcator o sumbidy's reliability. Gin yer bein baured fur battlegrund behaviour an wikilawyerin an shawin aat same behaviour here, then fit wye shid a conclude differently fae enwiki an sey ye kin be trowstit? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:15, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::::Either ye want the ScotsBot for whit it actually daes, as clearly set oot in the documentation, or me an the bot will step awa fae this wiki tae save ye ony mair bother, hostility, or accusations. The choice is yours. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 08:28, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::::Bye then [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:55, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) == Request tae upload an eemage == Hullo @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], coud ye please dounload [[:fi:Tiedosto:13_Reasons_Why_tv-series_poster.jpg|this poster]] fur this series here fur local uise in the airticle, in accordance wi copyricht law ? Thank ye. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 03:49, 25 Mairch 2026 (UTC) :{{ping|Mr.Murdoch78}} Deen. As a'm nae shuir fit ye intend fur ti mak eese o't a'v left aat field in the license blank, sae please fill it in [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 06:36, 25 Mairch 2026 (UTC) == Request tae upload eemages == Hullo @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], A'll need tae upload some eemages tae the wiki. Is thare a role A can uise tae avoid haein tae gae throu ye ilka time an baitherin ye? A woud lik tae hae Rowback richts tae undae unwantit chynges an aa. Coud ye upload the eemages here? A'll tak care o eikin the information. * [[:en:File:The_Night_We_Met.jpg|The Night We Met airtwirk]] * [[:en:File:Katherine_Langford_as_Hannah_Baker.jpg|Pictur o Katherine Langford as Hannah Baker]] * [[:en:File:Clay_Jensen.png|Pictur o Dylan Minnette as Clay Jensen]] * [[:en:File:A_Star_is_Born.png|''A Star Is Born'' film poster]] * ''[[:en:File:From_title_card.jpg|From]]'' * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Capaldi_-_Someone_You_Loved.png ''Someone You Loved'' airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Capaldi_-_Wish_You_the_Best.png Wish You the Best airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SurvivebyLewisCapaldi.webp Survive airtwirk] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ed_Sheeran_Perfect_Single_cover.jpg Perfect airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shape_Of_You_(Official_Single_Cover)_by_Ed_Sheeran.png Shape of You airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_(Ed_Sheeran_song)_cover.png Photograph airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Notice_-_film_promotional_image.jpg ''Red Notice'' film poster] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:YOU_Tv_Series_LOGO.png Logo o the telly series ''YOU''] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Up_(2009_film).jpg ''Up ''film poster] Thank ye ! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:33, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :A'm nae shuir anent the image uploadin richt, bit gien foo yer still failin ti gie proper attreibution fur yer owersettins an violatin Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA licence a'd be temptit ti decline aat request [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 06:21, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::Aw credits an information regardin copyricht on eemages sic as films/series posters an sang/album airtwirks can be foond wi the eemage in ilka link. Whan owersettin airticles frae the Inglis Wikipaedia, hou dae A comply wi the Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA licence? Dae A need tae eik a template tae the airticle's collogue page? Coud ye shaw me an ensaumple frae an airticle sae A can correct ma mistak an avoid repeatin it? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:08, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::[[:en:Wikipedia:Translation#Attribution_requirements]]. A'll leuk at the images in a bit [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:12, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::A juist mak the chynge tae comply wi Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA license on the airticle [[History o Fraunce]], is that correct? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:43, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::::Ay, bit dinna eese "eedit[s]". The Scots wird is "edit[s]" an a'v jist nae gotten roon ti gettin rid o the fake spellin [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:45, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::::A'v jist edited the Lord Huron airtin, is it correct nou? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:53, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ay, ye dinna need ti speir at me aifter ivery een. Fit yer daein is fine noo [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:54, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Thank ye fur yer help! :) [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:04, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :Okay leukin ower the requests... :From/A Star Is Born/Someone You Loved/Wish You the Best/Survive/Perfect/Shape of You/Red Notice dinna hae airticles sae we canna hae the images :YOU is ap fur deletion sae naw. There's a file on Commons :Langford/Minnette dinna need images o thair chairacters, an a'd really raither ye nae mak chairacter pages fur thaim. There's better places ti pit yer efforts nor inti makkin airticles fur fictional chairacters :Up a'll get roon ti at sum pint iss week [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:47, 22 Apryle 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Apryle 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Scots == Hello. I'm looking for translation of descriptions "studio album by Basshunter", "song by Käärijä and Basshunter" and "single by Käärijä and Basshunter" for Wikidata items. I think "studio album" and "single" are the same as English and there is "sang" for "song" and "an" for "and". I curious if there should be "by" or "bi" (there is "by" in infoboxes). Would you help? [[Uiser:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Uiser collogue:Eurohunter|tauk]]) 18:09, 30 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :A hink aither or is fine bit we'd gang fur bi here. As fur the infobox stuff, aat's mair lik ti be shite owersettins missin hauf the wirds [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:04, 30 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :: Thanks [[Uiser:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Uiser collogue:Eurohunter|tauk]]) 06:59, 1 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Translate button == Can ye translate the actin page on here an add the button for the original ane [[Uiser:Themeramisin|Themeramisin]] ([[Uiser collogue:Themeramisin|tauk]]) 19:53, 4 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Hey there == You are worth a lot, you're a Wikipedia editor! The most beautiful people on earth are Wikipedia editors and the Saints of God, your contributions will not go unnoticed, I will remember you kind Wikipedia editor. [[Uiser:Henry Casper Miron|Henry Casper Miron]] ([[Uiser collogue:Henry Casper Miron|tauk]]) 04:21, 8 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Mai Vu Minh == Hi, on the English wiki it has been recreated as Mai Vu Minh (diplomat) on 6 March 2026 probably to avoid it's deletion history being linked. I've moved it to Mai Vu Minh as there is no proper reason for the disambguation. It hasn't been reviewed yet so it could be deleted, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:39, 14 Mey 2026 (UTC) 4snavl62mtbdt3oh3m7ia1bqsi8taia 916817 916812 2026-05-15T02:54:37Z CiphriusKane 74958 /* Mai Vu Minh */ Replie 916817 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, CiphriusKane, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye faer [[Special:Contributions/CiphriusKane|yer werks]]. Some gibbles ye'll fynd uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isnae. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|How tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 10:00, 26 August 2020 (UTC) ==Scots skills== Hullo an walcome. A recommend makin a Uiser page fir yersel, an uisin the 'Babel Uiser Interface' infobox on it to share yer skills in Scots. (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Babel#sco_-_Scots_(Scots)) [[Uiser:Soothrhins|Soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 22:09, 26 August 2020 (UTC) == Thank you == Thank you for doing that. --[[Uiser:LokaloSkotso|LokaloSkotso]] ([[Uiser collogue:LokaloSkotso|tauk]]) 01:22, 30 August 2020 (UTC) == +rollbacker +autopatroller == I have granted you new powers due to your obvious and present need for them. With rollback, you can revert vandalism in a single click. With autopatroller, all pages you create will no longer need to be reviewed by an admin. Use these tools wisely! &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 05:07, 3 September 2020 (UTC) == Just an idea... == Hi CiphriusKane, I really like your list of Scottish topics. If you're looking for suggestions, how about indigenous plants and animals, indigenous races and breeds (kettle, sheep, goats, dogs?), indigenous fruit varieties (apples, maybe?), produce and derived products (cheese?). Also, separate lists of animals, plants etc. would be interesting and maybe even useful for the upcoming edit-a-thon. Just an idea I had when I saw your list. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 18:41, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :{{Ping|Andreas}} Aye, I'd thought to add a "Nature" section at some point. I'm also happy with adding sublists if it's deemed necessary/neater. All are free to edit the list as necessary (should put that at the top of the page come to think of it) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:18, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::Glad you don't hate the idea. I was gonna say the "sublists" can go straight into the article namespace but then I checked and found [[Scots plants|this]]. Maybe somebody could turn this into something more useful (for reading folks), along the lines of [[:als:Alemannischi Tiernäme (noch de zoologische Syschtematik)|that]] (Alemannic) or [[:gd:Liosta nam beathach|that]] (Scottish Gaelic) or even [[:rm:Glista da mammals da la Svizra|that]] (Romansh). I would offer a hand but I don't speak ''ae wird o Scots''. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 20:24, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :::{{Ping|Andreas}} Hmm, I could add a "See forby/Main" on my list for that type of list, but the list I'm making is meant to include specific articles closely associated with Scotland to focus on. Like if there was a list of birds, I'd probably only be listing the golden eagle and osprey (Scotland has a sizeable European golden eagle population I believe, and there's a famous osprey who bred in Scotland until 2014). That said, if ye've any thoughts on flora and fauna that match that criteria go ahead and add them (or list them here if ye're unsure) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:10, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::::Sure, I get the idea of your list. I was just commenting on the "sublist" thing ;D Maybe the [[Teuchit|shochads]] of [[Caithness]] are worth mentioning? They kept cropping up in quick google. ::::By the way, ''did ye ken'' that several other small and mid-size Wikipedias keep similar lists and cross-link them via [[:d:Q12950581]]? Maybe you want to add yours once it reaches your (first) goal of 100 topics. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 21:40, 24 September 2020 (UTC) :::::{{Ping|Andreas}} Ah, now I see, sorry for the confusion. I've mentioned the wikidata idea to the others in the Scots Leid server, but it seems like a plan. Ye've given me a few things to think about, so thanks. Also I realised I never addressed the editathon point. The one happening in a few days already has a theme of places, but I can easily add nature to the list of potential themes (if I can find where we stuck the theme list...) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:37, 24 September 2020 (UTC) ::::::Glad I could do something useful. By the way, would you guys mind a lurker in the discord server? ;D --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 01:06, 25 September 2020 (UTC) Oh, and may I be curious and ask what dialect of Scots you speak? I noticed you use "ae" for English "of", which I haven't seen before. :::::::{{Ping|Andreas}} Sure, all are welcome in the server long as they respect the language and the rules, and it's primarily Doric but I think it's kinda been influenced by Glaswegian a bit by now. Need an invite link for the Discord server? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:11, 25 September 2020 (UTC) ::::::::Aye, please. --[[Uiser:Andreas|Andreas]] ([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|tauk]]) 01:21, 25 September 2020 (UTC) :::::::::{{Ping|Andreas}} https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN This should hopefully work [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {| style="border: 1.5px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7; padding-right: 5px" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Dark Blue Scottish Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Scots Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | Have I ever told you that you are the best anti-vandalism fighter and copy editor on this entire site? Well, you are!<br />I know you said you weren't interested, but you seriously would make a great admin. I sincerely look forward to your future contributions keeping up your great track record!! &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 06:08, 13 October 2020 (UTC) |} == Ratko Janev == Thanks for adding him.[[Special:Contributions/178.148.109.252|178.148.109.252]] ([[User talk:178.148.109.252|talk]]) 22:25, 1 November 2020 (UTC) =={{en}} Next Scots Wiki editathon - 14 & 15 November== Hey there, as you attended one of our previous editathons, thought you might like to know about the next one! 14 & 15 November, details [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon November 2020|on the event page]], the theme is '''Weemin an Minorities fae Scotland an Ulster.''' :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:41, 10 November 2020 (UTC) == Sub categories == (en) I suggested at the editathon that People (Fowk) could be divided intae a group fir STEM ( Science Technology Engineering Medicine) an Nurses. And a subcategory for Scottish suffragettes /suffragists who are notable weemen who suffered fir tae give weemen votes. [[Uiser:Kaybeesquared|Kaybeesquared]] ([[Uiser collogue:Kaybeesquared|tauk]]) 19:09, 15 November 2020 (UTC) =={{en}} Next editathon== Hey there, as a previous attendee of a Scots Wiki editathon, I thought you might like to know about the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|December event, Sat 12 & Sun 13th.]] In addition to the usual wiki support, this month I'm really excited to say that we'll have '''language support in place from the Scots Language Centre''', who'll be online between 12-3 on Zoom on Saturday with us to help with any of your queries. * [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-tickets-131613729207 Eventbrite link to sign up to Saturday Zoom session] * [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|On-wiki event page]] Hope to see you there! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:49, 8 Dizember 2020 (UTC) == {{en}} Sunday 13th December - extra zoom session with the Scots Language Centre! == We've added another session for the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|editathon this weekend,]] with the folks from the SLC. Join us on Zoom for editing 12-3 on Sunday now too; we can help with wiki and language queries :) [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-sunday-13th-tickets-132517919665 Book your place on Eventbrite here.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:34, 11 Dizember 2020 (UTC) == Hello, == I'll try to back off now to be honest. I don't want to cause ''any'' trouble at all. Thank you and sorry. Signed Tom AKA ([[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 12:34, 17 Dizember 2020 (UTC)) == [[Princess Marie Auguste o Thurn an Taxis]] -> Princess Maria Augusta o Thurn an Taxis == Hello, sorry to bother you. Would you be able to move the above link to Princess Maria Augusta o Thurn an Taxis at all? Thank you, sorry again but Happy New Year too. Signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 20:36, 1 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Cleanup == Hi, I'm continuing with my cleanup of the misuse of Scots words, and now I'm onto ''lairge''. The way I understand it, "lairge" only refers to large numbers/plentifulness, while "muckle" is about physical size. Am I right? --[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|That's how you do fake Cyrillic properly and phonetically]]) 10:17, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Corsicanwarrah}} I believe either or can be used, but muckle/muckler/mucklest is preferred for size, that is correct. If this is about me removing the Fixscots template on [[eagle]], it's because I fixed the Scots back in October [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:29, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == re: == Hi, tha mi troimh-chèile, duilich. An urrainn dhut a cheartachadh?--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 14:47, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == re: == I have already created the page in Scottish Gaelic, the first one remains to be corrected (do it in Scottish)--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 15:08, 8 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Clubaichean de churaidhean saoghal ball-coise FIFA == Hi, the content is now ok, but i can't change the title, should be put: List FIFA of football clubs world champions. But in scots I do not know how to write it, you can do it? :-) --[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 19:07, 9 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Leet o warld champion fitba clubs == hello, ok, i add. See forby, this article in other wiki is annex o ''FIFA club warld cup'' an ''Intercontinental Cup''. In my opinion it has notability as it is the sum o tha teetles officially recognized bi FIFA--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 06:08, 10 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Intercontinental Cup == I created this page, it was necessary, I can't link it to other languages, can you do it?--[[Uiser:Tom Ravensburger|Tom Ravensburger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Tom Ravensburger|tauk]]) 08:35, 10 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Sorry about the edits I make == Hi, sorry to bother you but I’m sorry for the edits I make in English because I’m an English person. I enjoy writing articles to build the encyclopedia. [[Uiser:RedhotRod4|RedhotRod4]] ([[Uiser collogue:RedhotRod4|tauk]]) 10:44, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|RedhotRod4}} Hey, in that case I'd encourage ye to make articles in yer personal userspace then ask for them to be translated. If ye're interested in learning to write Scots, we've got a [https://discord.gg/RA4tyaN Scots language Discord server] where we'd be happy to help. The other issue with the articles is the lack of substance to them. While there is some minor substance to [[Damageplan]], it'd still be good to have more content with references. The [[Frankenstrat]] article as it stands could easily be merged with [[Eddie Van Halen]] as per our [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability policy]] regarding broad articles before specific articles (thanks for expanding that article by the way. It's a better start but still could do with a bit of polish) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:15, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) Uh...ok. [[Uiser:RedhotRod4|RedhotRod4]] ([[Uiser collogue:RedhotRod4|tauk]]) 12:21, 16 Januar 2021 (UTC) == New uiser warnin template for Notability == Hullo, a hae pit thegither a new uiser warnin template whan airticle's [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability]] is bein speirt. A hae noted hou ti uise it (as thair is some customisation) [[Wikipedia:Redd_Up#Notability_Speirt|here]]. [[Uiser:Soothrhins|soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 21:52, 19 Januar 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Soothrhins}} The extra text pairt o the template micht need a bit o wirk as it dupes the text an maks reid airtins (see [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uiser_collogue:124.169.246.158&oldid=833961 iss edit] fur an ensaumple) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:57, 22 Januar 2021 (UTC) ::<code><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></code> was used twice: In the <code>if</code> for multiple violations(?) and for the "Extra text". I changed the first one to <code><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></code> for now because the second one ("Extra text") is used in the documentation. --[[Uiser:Andreas|<span style="color:#cb005f">Lacey</span>]] <sup>([[Uiser collogue:Andreas|<span style="color:#cb005f">tauk</span>]])</sup> 20:19, 22 Januar 2021 (UTC) :::{{ping|Andreas}} {{ping|CiphriusKane}} Thanks! [[Uiser:Soothrhins|soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 14:11, 24 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Leet o warld champion fitba clubs == I don't know who made this mess: the page in question has been merged with the page of the FIFA world federation, they are two things that have nothing to do with each other, one is the world federation, the other is the list of world champions clubs released by FIFA, you can correct?--[[Uiser:Kanoawi|Kanoawi]] ([[Uiser collogue:Kanoawi|tauk]]) 11:44, 23 Januar 2021 (UTC) : {{ping|Kanoawi}} Hey, I was the one who merged the articles. The list was tagged as a violation of our [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability policy]] in relation to article quality (zero context about the list, lack of sufficient sources) and was left untouched for over the stated improvement duration (1 week) so I merged it into FIFA, as it's basically just a list of clubs recognised by FIFA and the FIFA article itself is lacking. The alternate was I delete the list article outright, and we favour merging over deletion where possible. Should the list page be brought up to scratch, then it needn't be merged. Also, saying that the list of clubs '''recognised by FIFA''' is unrelated to FIFA seems contradictory [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 12:04, 23 Januar 2021 (UTC) =={{en}} January editathon== Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 30 & Sun 31 January. If you'd like help improving your written scots skills, then folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-saturday-30th-tickets-137925028473 Saturday (15:00-17:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-sunday-31st-tickets-137925646321 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. Feedback last time was that the language support was really helpful (and fun!), and we'd love to see you. We're looking mainly at improving articles to do with politics, particularly articles about politicians. More info, article lists, and sign up details on the event page: [[wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021|Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:57, 27 Januar 2021 (UTC) == Frog article == Hi — I see you've been involved with the 'Frog' page on the Scots Wikipedia. I thought I might bring it to your attention that the page has been vandalised (overwritten with text from the Middle English Wikipedia) — I'm not savvy enough to fix the change myself but I hope flagging it is enough. [[Uiser:Æolus|Æolus]] ([[Uiser collogue:Æolus|tauk]]) 21:41, 31 Januar 2021 (UTC) =={{en}} Thanks for taking part in the January editathon!== Just as it says above - thanks for taking part. You can see [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/E_Scots_Leid/Scots_Wiki_Editathon_30-31_Januar_(30-31_Januar_2021) the results of January's event here], I reckon we did pretty well. Hope to see you at the next one! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 18:07, 3 Februar 2021 (UTC) == Hello, == This is Tom, I nopticed that my block has since been removed (I think it was for 3 months, THINK) and I was wondering IF I could contribute A BIT now? I mrean in terms of correcting spellings and small points like that not creating 900 articles an hour I mean so fear not [lol] But yes that was my question. I asked you as I think you were the user who blocked me (as I said I THINK it was you) Signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 16:07, 13 Februar 2021 (UTC) : Hey Tom, the block was actually only one month which expired a few days ago. The concern I have is that even outside of mass creation of pages, yer Scots ability is still lacking, such as [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gloria,_Princess_o_Thurn_an_Taxis&diff=prev&oldid=817654 this edit] which somehow turned English into incorrect English, let alone into Scots. Probably the best idea is to make suggestions for changes on relevant talk pages so that experienced Scots speakers can make the changes properly. This was one of the proposals on the AN thread which saw support. I'd suggest focusing on proving that existing articles are notable by themselves, rather than on making more genealogy pages. : If ye agree with this, I can inform the AN discussion and get consensus for the deal, with a possible stipulation that ye get an article namespace block to ensure enforcement, along with a single reminder per new IP, to account for yer memory problems and IP changes. This deal will also entail that ye stop maligning other editors, including accusing them of being spiteful. : I get ye want to help which is why I'm nae reblocking ye, but yer actions have had an adverse effect on other editors. If I may borrow yer words, keep in mind that we're human. How does this sound? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 05:28, 14 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::Yo, just saw this. I didn't accuse anyone on scowiki being spieful, that was some of the enwiki users. I can honestky say that everyone I 've encountered on scowiki have/has been lovely to be honest so I can't fault that a all. And ok, that makes sense as in bettering the pages that already exist I agree because as ye said my scots is lacking *blushes* but yes ok thank you for the swift reply too and happy Valentine's Day [lol] signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 18:08, 14 Februar 2021 (UTC) :::"that was some of the enwiki users" This is what I mean by maligning other users. Slandering them here is part of the reason why I blocked ye, because it indicates to me that ye think it's fine to disparage them because it was a different wiki. I dinnae care where it happened, or why, or whether or nae they've edited here or even ken this wiki exists, calling other users spiteful is out of line [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:00, 15 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::::It's purely frustration on my part, I'm not excusing it and I totally see your point but it is just sheer frustration and disappointment. Sorry :( [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 14:18, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) :::::Tom, this'll be yer reminder to keep to talk pages rather than editing articles directly. Also, I need ye to explicitly state that ye agree with the terms of the deal before I present it to the AN [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) == [[Friedrich, Duke o Mecklenburg-Grabow]] -> Duke Friedrich o Mecklenburg, Prince o Grabow == Hello, would you be able to move the above to the latter at all? I did some research and his title is wrong (my fault ''entirely'' having made it in the first place) Prince of/o Grabow was/wis in fact his title/teetle, not/nae Duke o Mecklenburg-Grabow. I also added a reference to his article too. Hope you're well, I must admit I'm quite proud of the addition of a reference to be honest [lol] forever in your debt signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 14:15, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) :'''Nae done''' - The source ye linked says Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow. Provide a reliable source saying otherwise or it remains as is [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 16 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::However, rywiki says Grabow wis an appanage an dewiki says he wis styled *Prince* [o Grabow] plus, ruwiki has his page as *Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Grabowsk(i)* the reference I added wis more to do with where he wis buried (I wis going create a ''Category:Buirials at the Schelfkirche, Schwerin'', in the very distant future, that's all that was for) [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 19:45, 17 Februar 2021 (UTC) The main point is he wasn't the Duke of/o *MG but the Prince of/o G. :::Wikipedia isnae a valid source, and neither of those pages list him as Duke and Prince in the title. The de wiki lists neither. Also, ye've technically broken the terms of the deal I proposed now, only reason I've nae blocked is because the deal wisnae ratified by the community [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:21, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) ::::Ok, so I have located a source that does mention his title being an appanage BUT it reads prety much exactly the same as dewiki so I'm a bit confused right now. [https://wollongongmemorialgardens.com.au/history/search-our-records/deceased-search?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGZGUud2lraXBlZGlhLm9yZyUyRndpa2klMkZGcmllZHJpY2hfenVfTWVja2xlbmJ1cmcmYWxsPTE%3D ''Friedrich , Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin], sometimes wrongly: Friedrich I , called Prince von Grabow (born February 13, 1638 in Schwerin , † April 28, 1688 in Grabow ) was an apanaged prince in Grabow.'' ] [[Special:Contributions/51.6.94.254|51.6.94.254]] ([[User talk:51.6.94.254|talk]]) 18:32, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) what terms? :::::It's likely a mirror site then, and all this is saying to me is that the page should maybe be called "Freidrich o Mecklenburg" without any titles. As for the terms, scroll up [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:39, 18 Februar 2021 (UTC) ==Mairch editathon== {{en}}Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 20 & Sun 11 march, we'll be looking at Scots & Irish media & art. If you'd like to come and edit socially, then myself and folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-saturday-20th-tickets-145533926893 Saturday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-sunday-21st-tickets-145534247853 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. More info, article lists, and dashboard sign up details on the event page: [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Mairch 2021]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:29, 19 Mairch 2021 (UTC) == RedhotRod4 == Hullo, CiphriusKane. I’m NinjaRobotPirate, an I can confirm that [[Uiser:RedhotRod4]] is a sockpuppet of PoliceOfficer124, an eeditor on enwiki. Thanks foar blockin the account. I speak a bit of French, but I do have an understanding of Scots as well. {{unsigned|89.168.3.43}} 00:46, 19 Mairch 2021 (UTC) :The abeen message wisna sent bi NinjaRobotPirate, but prolly bi PoliceOfficer124, impersonation wis confirmt [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:08, 20 Mairch 2021 (UTC) == Greetings fellow earthling. == Hope all is well on your end, I wanted to ask your permission to create a small page about María Francisca Fernanda Fitz-James Stuart y Stolberg-Gedern (to correspond with the sister article on eswiki) and wanted to ask your permission before jumping the gun and creating it and then going a bit mad and making 10 others then being labelled god only knows what. So am I ok to do this? (I have also found a few online references to include in to the creation of said article. It may interest you to know, that I've emailed the stewards but am still awaiting a response, I even emailed User:Jimbo Wales but again am awaiting a response and am still praying desperately. I'll check this later signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:27, 12 Mey 2021 (UTC) :Tom, you've got a community block. This means that you will only be allowed to edit if you can convince the community to unblock you, both on here and on enwiki. So no, you're not making any more pages, especially not badly translated genealogy pages. Rightfully I should be blocking this IP as well, but I'm not going to yet, not unless you give me a reason to [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:53, 12 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::Hello, thank you for giving me the chance to reply too, as I said I have emailed the stewards seeking assistance but don't hold out much hope that anyone will be overly helpful plus I'm not convinced Jimbo will even acknowledge me, plus I'm far to scared to write on his en talkpage for fear of being blocked or generally moaned at. How can I actually get any help from people via email though, it's easy for people to dismiss others via email, I doubt these people would be as dismissive in person but then we'll never know. I honestly don't know what else or whom else to contact (I also contacted an en admin via email and she ignored me, then I found her on Twitter and she blocked me. :| prior to me saying I just need your help I don't want your bank details. Also, I initially started making pages on here to try to make people aware that several pagenames on enwiki are in fact wrong, for example #en wiki : Maria Theresa of Spain vs sco [[Marie Thérèse o Austrick]] (She was a Habsburg of Spain, but an Archduchess of Austria, thus Spain is incorrect, even her grave says M T of A in French obviously) #en wiki : Charles of Mecklenburg-Güstrow vs sco [[Karl, Hereditary Prince o Mecklenburg-Güstrow]] (heir to the throne and thus styled Hereditary Prince) #en wiki : María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna vs sco : [[María Josefa Pimentel y Téllez-Girón, Duchess o Osuna]] (Spanish nobility uses paternal names first followed by maternal maiden names thus en is incorrect and misleading) #en wiki Ángela Téllez-Girón, 16th Duchess of Osuna vs sco [[Ángela Téllez-Girón y Duque de Estrada, 16t Duchess o Osuna]] (same situation as above) I honestly don't know what to do. This is all so frustrating and unfair, as I said I doubt I'd be ignored in person. Pleaseeeeeeeeee help me. :( signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:56, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::Frankly all these pages should be VfD'd. This wiki is not your playpen [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:16, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::Also Tom, let me make myself clear: it is the communities that you have to ask to be unblocked. The COMMUNITIES. Not the stewards, not Jimbo Wales, not me, the communities. Evading your block just because you don't like it is why you keep being blocked [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:23, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::I was unaware that I had to contact the communities to be fair. How do I go about doing so, as I've not even heard of this (thank you for informing me of this though) :::::[[:en:Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System]] Use this for enwiki, and for here, post [[Template:Unblock]] with your appeal on your IP talk page. Make it clear that you understand why you were blocked and what you will do differently, and most importantly do not make negative aspersions about anybody in your appeal. Calling others bullies and claiming vendettas is a surefire way to having an instant decline [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:19, 13 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::::OH I SEE, so just to be clear, I'm putting the unblock template on SeaSnail's talk page yes? I'm a tiny bit scared to do so for fear of just immeadiately being blocked to be honest =[ signed Tom. [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 10:09, 14 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::::::Naw, on your IP talk page. There is no way we can unblock the SeaSnail account [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:16, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) ::::::::Oh you mean the talk page for ''' 31.125.215.135'''? Because I haven't edited enwiki on this IP address though so surely it'd make more sense to do it on SeaSnails as that's the one that's blocked? Signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 13:08, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) Tom, I'm going to level with you here. Any unblock appeal you make is probably going to fail. In your last appeal, you immediately resorted to personal attacks, and that was six weeks ago. The standard offer on enwiki has six months minimum good behaviour from what I understand, and this includes no block evasion or personal attacks. If I help you with the appeals any further, I'm just setting you up for failure [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:16, 15 Mey 2021 (UTC) :::::::: hello, sorry for the late reply, I saw you had replied when I was on my phone but the screen is too small for me to see what I was actually typing (I'm 75% blind as a result of the previously mentioned brain injury I had in 2012 so I'm writing this on my laptop. Anyway, I do genuinely feel that the way I have been treated has been totally fair, I highly doubt people would have treated me like this if if was in person but because this is the internet it's ok to treat other human beings like dirt, apart from the fact I have made hundreds on articles (on scowiki alone) ''some'' of which I ''think'' have been deleted presumably due to the poor linguistics so fine but I also though Wikipedia was for everyone? Not just a lucky few. I set up SeaSnail using an email address for a faceboik account I have (email address is lmadebourbon@gmail.com look it up IF you don't believe me) and my ip address at that point was not blocked so thought it would be ok but MY email was blocked (tom.june13@gmail.com) so it does sort of feel like I can never win :| as I have said to you countless times (and probably other) I'm a hguman being, with feelings I don't deserve to be treated like a bad person when I'm not, plus I've never vandalised Wikipedia corrected yes, but not vandalised. Signed Tom [[Special:Contributions/31.125.215.135|31.125.215.135]] ([[User talk:31.125.215.135|talk]]) 16:12, 17 Mey 2021 (UTC) : Six months Tom. That is the minimum I expect you to wait before making any further appeals. I'll also be blocking this IP because you were on thin ice as it was, but resorting to casting aspersions again cracked it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:11, 20 Mey 2021 (UTC) :: Tom, I have advised CK to not unblock you under any circumstances without my approval. My talk page is [[uiser collogue:MJL|here]] to discuss your next appeal in 6 months.<br />Please consider editing [https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Family_History_and_Genealogy_Wiki the Family History and Genealogy Wiki]; it's more attuned to your interests anyways.<br />In the meantime, please stop bothering CiphriusKane about this. &#8211;<span style="font-family:CG Times, times">[[User:MJL|<span style="color:black">MJL</span>]]&thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]<sup>[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]</sup></span> 18:32, 21 Mey 2021 (UTC) == {{en}} Next Editathon == Heya, heads up that the next Editathon will take place this weekend (5 & 6 June), we're looking at Scots in STEM as a starting point. More info on the event page [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Juin 2021|here.]] Hope to see ou at the Zoom sessions! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:09, 3 Juin 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, Admins of the emerging community, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 10/11 July, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:14, 10 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21568660 --> == Translation request == Hello. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]], [[:en:Emblem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] and [[:en:Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]] in Scots Wikipedia? They should not be long. Yours sincerely, [[Uiser:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[Uiser collogue:Multituberculata|tauk]]) 15:16, 1 Julie 2021 (UTC) == [[Lycalopex]] == How is my Scots on the article [[Lycalopex]]? Also, due to my passion in righting the Scots Wikipedia, I've been rewriting increasingly large sections of articles (about animals, for the time being) in what I think is correct Scots. Am I at risk of becoming the new AG? --[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|юзер толк]]) 17:56, 18 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Honda 70== Dear I have corrected from Honda 70 to Honda CD70 and you had deleted the link, kindly note that Honda CD70 is the brand and it is the largest selling motorcycle in Pakistan. Please revert your changes... :It's unnecessary external airtins in the body ae the airticle. We'r nae here tae be an advertisn platform fur the bike [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 10:20, 19 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, please save the [[Qaem Shahr]] article and link it to the wiki data item. Thanks [[Uiser:Viera iran|Viera iran]] ([[Uiser collogue:Viera iran|tauk]]) 13:56, 25 Julie 2021 (UTC) == Restore Charlotte's Web == The page [[Charlotte's Web]] wis delytit, but had useful content. Can ye restore it? Thank ye. [[Special:Contributions/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] ([[User talk:104.58.147.208|talk]]) 02:20, 1 November 2021 (UTC) :Please note: that page had been taen fae [[:en:Charlotte's Web]]. [[Special:Contributions/104.58.147.208|104.58.147.208]] ([[User talk:104.58.147.208|talk]]) 02:22, 1 November 2021 (UTC) ::A'v undeletit the airticle as requestit. Deletion raisonin leuked shaky ti me onyweys [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 05:14, 1 November 2021 (UTC) :::The page still needs tae be translated some more. Can ye work on it? Also, can ye restore [[Descendants 3]]? It too seemed tae be a shaky deletion bi a non-Scots global admin. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|talk]]) 20:57, 25 November 2021 (UTC) ::::Also, Charlotte's Web needs tae be connected tae Wikidata. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:53F0:AD70:7455:930:5B0D:E8DF|talk]]) 20:59, 25 November 2021 (UTC) == DRV == I suggest you block 2601:43:0:3970:0:0:0:0/64 instead. IP users on this particular ISP can hop IP's in a /64 range pretty easily (switching from devices, opening a new browser window) [[Uiser:Wizzito|Wizzito]] ([[Uiser collogue:Wizzito|tauk]]) 20:46, 19 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januar 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(6)&oldid=22532666 --> == (en) Zoom editing session & guest speaker - Thursday 20th January == Hey there! Just a wee reminder that we've got a social editing session this evening as part of the January writing drive, 7-9, featuring guest speaker Dr Michael Dempster from the Scots Language Centre! [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/245743775247 You can sign up on Eventbrite here]. Be great to see you! [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 11:02, 20 Januar 2022 (UTC) == Barnstar! == {| style="border: 1.5px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7; padding-right: 5px" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[File:Dark Blue Scottish Barnstar.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Scots Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | <var>This barnstar is bein gien as an awaird tae ken yer contreebution tae the Scots wiki bi gien a haun in the Januar 2022 Writin Drive</var> [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 17:40, 26 Januar 2022 (UTC) |} [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 17:40, 26 Januar 2022 (UTC) ==Whauriver ye be...== ...lang may yer lum reek! == Scots question. == Is it true that in the Scots language, "in" means the same thing in both English & Scots? I am still not the best at Scots at the moment, especially with the Scottish equivalent of "sight words". Could you redirect me to some resources for learning Scots? It would be greatly helpful and appreciated as I am having some difficulty finding nice resources. Best Regards, [[Uiser:L&#39;Mainerque|L&#39;Mainerque]] ([[Uiser collogue:L&#39;Mainerque|tauk]]) 00:57, 8 October 2022 (UTC) :(en) {{ping|L'Mainerque}} Yep, though some people spell it as i and drop the n. "an" would mean either "an" or "and" in English. As for resources, Michael Dempster has a 10-hour course on Scots [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmk3hiyUEgWl7Qa9pBGN3r94ahQiSXJ2U here] and there's a Scots language Discord server [https://discord.gg/sMceZgcd here] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:04, 8 October 2022 (UTC) ::(en) @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] I figured, I thought "an" meant both "and" & "in" from something I read, but I wasn't 100% sure. I will take a look onto that 10hr course & I have joined the Discord. ::Thank you so much, ::[[Uiser:L&#39;Mainerque|L&#39;Mainerque]] ([[Uiser collogue:L&#39;Mainerque|tauk]]) 01:14, 8 October 2022 (UTC) == CrossWiki spam == Hello, [[NateNet]] article is a CrossWiki spam created by the same user on all Wikis. Thanks. [[Uiser:Wooze|Wooze]] ([[Uiser collogue:Wooze|tauk]]) 20:24, 24 October 2022 (UTC) :(en) I'm aware and am addressing the situation, but thanks for the heads up [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:33, 24 October 2022 (UTC) == WE NEED YOU BACK == Can you please come back to editing and change xxxtenacion’s picture from the mugshot to something better!!!! 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏 [[Special:Contributions/24.121.43.130|24.121.43.130]] ([[User talk:24.121.43.130|talk]]) 06:48, 6 December 2022 (UTC) == Quick question / main page == Hi there. I'm [[Uiser:Alison]] - bureaucrat and admin on the [[:ga:Príomhleathanach|Irish]] and [[:gv:Ard-ghuillag|Manx Wikipedias]]. I just happened to stop by and saw that the mainpage here could use a little makeover. I did this successfully for both the Irish and Manx wikis, including setting up daily rolling content, updating the CSS and Modules, etc. I don't speak Scots, I have to say, so would need a little bit of your help on a few things - but I can easily handle all the technical stuff. Let me know what you think - [[Uiser:Alison|Alison]] ([[Uiser collogue:Alison|tauk]]) 21:40, 27 December 2022 (UTC) :(en) {{ping|Alison}} Hey, I appreciate the offer. The main page is something that's not been touched since Leidgate, so could probably do with a fresh coat of paint, so to speak. If you're willing, we can talk more in the E Scots Leid discord server ([https://discord.gg/YfgwV4He invite]), as while I try and keep discussions onwiki I feel like this could benefit from real time chat, plus there's other editors on there that prefer Discord over onwiki discussions [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:31, 28 December 2022 (UTC) == River Duin == See [[Collogue:River Doon|Collogue]] [[Uiser:Nogger|Nogger]] ([[Uiser collogue:Nogger|tauk]]) 22:23, 23 Januar 2023 (UTC) :A aareidy replied there, an a still sey it's conjectur [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:25, 23 Januar 2023 (UTC) == Discouraged == Hello Ciphrius. I can see that according to your userpage you're feeling a bit discouraged at the moment. Keep up the good work here. I always enjoy chatting with you on Discord, it actually helps me learn more about different cultures without having to travel to them! (no I'm not going to rewrite this in Scots, I can read it but not speak it. If I did I would probably sound like someone trying to sound like [[Shrek]]) [[Uiser:Blaze Wolf|Blaze Wolf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Blaze Wolf|tauk]]) 14:10, 30 Januar 2023 (UTC) == Non-free use rationale == How dae ye uplaid ''non-free'' files? It airts tae a Wikimedia commons link.[[Uiser:That Northern Irish Historian|That Northern Irish Historian]] ([[Uiser collogue:That Northern Irish Historian|tauk]]) 00:45, 5 Mey 2023 (UTC) :Try [[Special:Upload]] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:58, 5 Mey 2023 (UTC) ::'The action that ye hae requestit is leemitit til uisers in the groop: [[Wikipedia:Admeenistraters|Admeenistraters]].' [[Uiser:That Northern Irish Historian|That Northern Irish Historian]] ([[Uiser collogue:That Northern Irish Historian|tauk]]) 17:05, 29 Mey 2023 (UTC) == Uill feumaidh mi cuideachadh. == Uill feumaidh mi cuideachadh. Carson a tha thu ag aontachadh. Chan eil fios agam ciamar a dh 'fheumas mi a'raf a th' ann. Dè an seòrsa dùilean a tha thu ag iarraidh? [[Special:Contributions/172.103.168.17|172.103.168.17]] ([[User talk:172.103.168.17|talk]]) 01:51, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) == Hey == Feumaidh mi cuideachadh le Scot cànan. An urrainn dhut innse dhomh dè an riatanas a th 'ann airson Wikipedia? [[Uiser:Gracewan2012|Gracewan2012]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gracewan2012|tauk]]) 01:59, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) :Ye kin stairt bi pittin yer messages in the [[Scots leid]], fit is the leid o iss projeck, insteid ae Scottish Gaelic, an stappin wi editin fae yer IP. A cannna actual spik Scottish Gaelic [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:05, 2 Juin 2023 (UTC) == Recreation of some deleted pages for Car manufacturers == @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] Hi Ciphrius! Please can you recreate some deleted pages about Car manufacturers which you deleted them on Scots Wikipedia: * Aston Martin * Audi * Bentley * Chevrolet * Jeep * Nissan * Porsche * Škoda Auto * Volvo Cars In addition, can you create a new page for the newborn German Car manufacturer Borgward: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgward and also for Cadillac: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac and VinFast: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/VinFast which are missing on Scots Wikipedia. Thanks [[Uiser:EDASHI|EDASHI]] ([[Uiser collogue:EDASHI|tauk]]) 05:36, 11 September 2023 (UTC) :(en) Those articles were all deleted for being [[Scotched English|Scotched]], and checking over the deleted revisions they were also extremely threadbare and quantity-over-quality creations (i.e. 1-2 unsourced sentences). Given how much of this wiki is still like that, I'm disinclined to recreate those pages myself but I'll not stop anybody that wishes to (re)create the pages while addressing the issues I listed [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:20, 11 September 2023 (UTC) == Hertenin an speirin == Aye aye! Gaun yersel! Keep on giein it laldie! Cud ye please gies a haun wi the wirds that's misscotched in the airticles, kettegories an templates? Dae ye ken hou tae modifee mony kettegories at aince? Fur ensaumple, chyngin 'establishment' tae 'estaiblishment' as i [[:Category:1997 establishments]]? [[Uiser:Munci|Munci]] ([[Uiser collogue:Munci|tauk]]) 18:01, 16 October 2023 (UTC) :{{ping|Munci}} Hiv ye gien HotCat ae twirl? Ye cin pit it up bi gangin ti [[Special:Preferences]], dabbin the "Gadgets" heider an tickin the HotCat box? An sairie fur the lang reply, internet wis oot the past week [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:03, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Thank ye, A'd haurd o HotCat bit A didnae ken hou tae wirk it ir whit it daes. A'll gie hit a shot! Nae bather! [[Uiser:Munci|Munci]] ([[Uiser collogue:Munci|tauk]]) 15:30, 5 November 2023 (UTC) :::A'd advise uisin "mak" ower "creaut". Whiles there is hits fur creaut in Gilmour's Corpus, it's rare sae a'v been in the wey ae changin aa the "creaut"/"ceaut"/"craeft" on the wiki ti "mak", bit it's yer walin [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:38, 5 November 2023 (UTC) == Hebrew == Thanks a lot for your edit to [[Template:lang-he]]. Still "lang-he-n" and "lang-he-a" to go, pretty please... -[[User:Corsicanwarrah|Корсикэн-Уара]] ([[Uiser collogue:Corsicanwarrah|юзер толк]]) 18:08, 29 October 2023 (UTC) :Deen, still some airtins til Ebreu left bit sud aa jist be airticle-level insteid ae template level [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:45, 29 October 2023 (UTC) == TNA == Im anly copypastin A want tae rename the page tae total nonstop action, the uiser wha eeditit put it wrong, the company is namit Total Nonstop Action no TNA Wrestling that's why a did whita did juist correctin uiser mistak. [[Uiser:TNAFan55|TNAFan55]] ([[Uiser collogue:TNAFan55|tauk]]) 13:28, 5 Februar 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|TNAFan55}} An in daein sae, ye essentially erased the airticle's edit history. The CC-BY-SA license requires attreibution ti be gien/keppit up, hence foo come ye flit pages ti preserv the edit history, ye dinna jist copypaste it acause aat remuives the edit history an gies ye credit fur edits ye didna mak insteid ae the actual awthor [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 13:38, 5 Februar 2024 (UTC) ::Lorg mi an cànan Albannach. Faodaidh tu na h-artaigilean ùra a leantainn. ::([[Uiser:Ahmed brens|Ahmed brens]] ([[Uiser collogue:Ahmed brens|tauk]]) 20:34, 16 Februar 2024 (UTC)) == Is this page in Scots, or phonetically spelled English == [[Electronic cigarette]] [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|talk]]) 17:36, 14 Mairch 2024 (UTC) This too: [[Ford Vedette]] [[Special:Contributions/2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0]] ([[User talk:2601:644:907E:A450:159E:4B95:CCA0:7C0|talk]]) 17:40, 14 Mairch 2024 (UTC) == The Missin Links == There's a lot o missin links in many Scots airticles. They arenae doin any guid tae the airticles, so should I remove them? [[Uiser:EVTOfficial|EVTOfficial]] ([[Uiser collogue:EVTOfficial|tauk]]) 00:31, 5 Juin 2024 (UTC) :{{ping|EVTOfficial}} Ay, remuiv reid airtins an categories. Thay wis pit ower athoot thocht anent foo appropriate thay war fur iss wiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:18, 6 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for your hard work == Thank you. Can you tell if [[Special:Contributions/Crotot|User:Crotot]] is a Scots speaker? They wrote almost all the pages in [[:Category:Ceeties in North Dakota]], such as [[Ashley, North Dakota]]. [[Uiser:Foxes die!|Foxes die!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Foxes die!|tauk]]) 18:38, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) :(en) Looks like they just did a heap of copypasting and managed to make the lairge/muckle mistake, so there's a high chance that they were just copying out of the same faulty dictionary as the others, but they're nae X1-eligible on that grounds [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:46, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) ::Does X1 only apply to the users here? https://quarry.wmcloud.org/query/49315 [[Uiser:Foxes die!|Foxes die!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Foxes die!|tauk]]) 21:17, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) :::(en) It applies to a specific subset of 11 users ay, those targeted in the Massive Kirkyaird cleanup. It acts as an extension intending to catch articles that were invalid either due to other edits (e.g. file moves, vandalism) or, in one user's case, due to using alts that were excluded. I'd also rather avoid naming said users in edit summaries because most of them never meant any harm, some of them just got carried away [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:38, 21 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Translate == Hello. Unfortunately, I don’t know Scots language, but I can help. I began to rework articles about Ukrainian administrative units, since in 2020 an administrative-territorial reform was carried out in Ukraine, according to which new districts and a new administrative unit were created - the hromadas (громади) instead of city, town and village councils. Do you know how the word ''громада'' is translated into Scots? [[Uiser:VolnyiLev|VolnyiLev]] ([[Uiser collogue:VolnyiLev|tauk]]) 06:04, 25 Juin 2024 (UTC) :(en) Literally it'd be "territorial commonity" if the enwiki article is accurate [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:48, 25 Juin 2024 (UTC) == Novi Sad railway station windae-canapy coup == Please sort oot the airticle wi spellin mistaks. I'm awfy grateful. [[Special:Contributions/188.255.145.157|188.255.145.157]] ([[User talk:188.255.145.157|talk]]) 22:58, 2 November 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:24, 26 Januar 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Notable films == Hi, I disagree with deleting film articles on the basis of notability when they are obviously notable, just not properly referenced, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:30, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Atlantic306}} then impruiv them! Or is iss wiki meant ti hae nae form ae quality control an ivery airticle aat's ae sentence lang athoot references be allooed ti staan? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:32, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :: It's just as much your responsibility to improve the articles before deleting them. On the english wiki articles are kept if they are notable topics not based on their current appearance, [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:36, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :::{{ping|Atlantic306}} Iss isna enwiki tho, an enwiki didna hae ae bunch ae lairners rinnin aroon wi fauty dictionairs puttin fuck aa effort inti thair airticle churn spam [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:38, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) ::::From the Scots notability page: "If ye jalous that a topic or airticle isnae 'notable', ye shuid leuk for soorces yersel." this provision is being ignored. Maybe they should be deleted on low quality grounds and not Scottish rather than notability, [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:53, 30 Apryle 2025 (UTC) :::::{{ping|Atlantic306}} There's iss as weel: "Seiven days ar than gien ti mak impruivments that kythe 'notability'. The tag shuidna be taen awa in that week. Syne, action maun be taen tae mell wi anither airticle or delete it if nae impruivments war made." Maist o the film pages dinna hae ony page aat thay kin be mellt inti. It gets treatit as a enwiki PROD essentially. An it's ironic aat ye gie bein law quality as bein ae raeson fan ye wis remuivin tags fur aat exac raeson [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 04:09, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :As asked [[#Restore Charlotte's Web|before]], can ye restore [[Descendants 3]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 17:22, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Gin ye wint it remak it fine, bit leukin ower it a didna restore it back then acause a didna dispute the raeson fur the deletion [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:53, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::I need help with the translation. Same for [[Descendants (2015 film)]] and [[Descendants 2]]. There are also many missing articles in [[Template:Disney theatrical animatit featurs]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::Template's pit up fur deletion. Yet anither ridiculous "enwiki has it so scowiki needs it too" case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:13, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Could you help with the translation on the Descendants pages? I personally think that these Disney animated films deserve pages. If I start some, could you help me? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 19:22, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Also, another template: [[Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 19:27, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::Another thing, [[robbery]] and [[God]] are really short articles, should they be deleted? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 20:29, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::Bein short is in itsel nae ae threipin fur deletion, an a hae ti speir at ye, seein as it's clear aat yer lackin the Scots skills, fit tuils is ye uisin fur yer owersettins? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:18, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::An ti be frank a'd raither fowk focus on reddin up fit we hae insteid ae eikin ti the pile, an navboxen aat's 95% reid airtins is uissless, as the pint ae the navbox is ti navigate atween relatit pages, nae gie ae list ae suggestit pages [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:21, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) :OK, I have to be clear. I wasn't actually using a machine translation, but now I see the problem, I was "scotching" basically. That's what I was asking about with the two Descendants pages, do they need fixing? I had written these before the big controversy happened. Since then, I've tried to get low quality pages deleted. Even that was for a petty reason, because of [[Bambi]] being deleted for this reason. I actually would like a proper page about Bambi. {{ping|Atlantic306}}, do you know if you could bring Bambi into scowiki? I've seen you edit the English version. Speaking of which, there is an error on it. The section "sequel" should be "follow-up", because Bambi II isn't a sequel, but a midquel. As for robbery and God, could they be expanded? The former is also unreferenced. I've also looked in the film categories and found more pages that might be X1, AmaryllisGardener created several. {{ping|Cobra 3000}}, would you be interested in creating any Disney pages in sco or gdwiki? Gdwiki had some stubs that were deleted for being low quality. They include a few that still exist in sco, which are [[The Fox and the Hound]], [[The Lion King]], [[Lady and the Tramp]], [[Oliver & Company]], [[Finding Nemo]], and [[The Princess and the Frog]]. These were like the X1 deleted articles, even if they weren't "scotcher" pages, but really short and unreferenced pages. Finally, shouldn't Template:Walt Disney Animation Studios be put up for deletion? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:1D5C:2DF:53AE:6684|talk]]) 21:53, 1 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::I mean I can help out if you want! It would be a good opportunity to provide Scots versions of the stories in the form of plot synopses! [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 00:24, 2 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Actually, it might a good idea for an editathon topic. I’ll speak to Wikimedia aboot it! [[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 00:25, 2 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Notable films == Hi, these film articles have notability proving references [[Avatar (2009 film)]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]] yet have been tagged for notability anyway. I think this ip editor is going too fast with his nominations, [https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:988C:F8D7:BDCB:9475 shown here] imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:57, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC) :The feck ae the references is in the infobox an baith films is twa sentences lang aat near eneuch jist seys "This film exists"; infoboxes shid complement airticles, nae be the hale o thaim, fit is happenin there. Stick the text fae ROTK ontil [[The Lord of the Rings]] an there's nae quality lost (an aat's prolly fit a'll dae), aat's the issue here. The film pages exist acause sumbidy decidit aat machine owersettins an airticle quantity maittert mair nor actual airticle quality [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:23, 8 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Doesn't Avatar qualify as an X1 article? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|talk]]) 18:37, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::Normally ay bit gien aa iss collogue anent it a'm haudin aff on actin on it jist yet [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:55, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Useless templates == There are more useless templates linked at [[The Princess and the Frog]]. Shouldn't they be put up for deletion? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81|2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:29E3:3D04:1789:D81|talk]]) 23:43, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Gie me a list ae aa the templates then. Aat wey a kin jist dae a batch nomination raither nor takkin potshots at the templates [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:45, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::Walt Disney Animation Studios, Ron Clements an John Musker, John Lasseter, an Randy Newman. Also found [[Template:GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000]] linked at [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)]]. Also, what to do about pages nominated for deletion like [[The Dark Knight (film)]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9DB:4232:8292:CA26|talk]]) 18:36, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::The other pages nominated for deletion: [[The Dark Knight Rises]], [[Local Hero]], [[Gregory's Girl]], and [[Gandhi (film)]]. [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F|2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:A473:DF3C:6B58:544F|talk]]) 00:56, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::A'm able ti chack the category masel, a dinna need ti be telt fit ti dae [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:49, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) :::::When will the templates be put up for deletion? And for the nominated pages, when will they be deleted? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9|2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:5C9E:745B:E1C3:14A9|talk]]) 19:44, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) ::::::A'm seein gin there's alternates acause despite fit it micht seem lik a'm nae wintin ti tak ae axe ti aahing a see, an the wiki's nae gaun disappear acause it's a bit delayed noo is it? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 21:45, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Jock Stein == Hi, this diff [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jock_Stein&diff=prev&oldid=904946 here] may need suppressing, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 19:35, 16 Mey 2025 (UTC) :Dealt wi't afore a leukit at iss message, bit ta fur reportin it [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:00, 17 Mey 2025 (UTC) == Category:Cleanup tagged airticles withoot a raison field == What to do about these pages? I tried replacing them with the fixscots template, but was warned that that was wrong. Also, what to do about the deletion candidates and those useless templates linked at [[The Princess and the Frog]]? [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4|2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:C910:2960:9D8F:B7C1:BDBA:E2B4|talk]]) 18:47, 2 Juin 2025 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Administrators) will expire on 2025-06-30 01:22:50. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Uiser:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Uiser collogue:Leaderbot|tauk]]) 19:45, 23 Juin 2025 (UTC)</div> == Monthly cleanup categories == To change "from" to "fae" ([[Special:Redirect/logid/409338]]), edit line 370 in [[Module:Message box]] to say <blockquote>local preposition = 'fae'</blockquote> You can see examples on [[:pt:Módulo:Message box|Portuguese Wikipedia]], [[:vi:Mô đun:Message box|Vietnamese Wikipedia]], [[:ru:Модуль:Message box|Russian Wikipedia]]. This will change all pages in categories of this form ([https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=intitle%3Afrom&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns14=1]). Eventually those categories will become empty but the pages may need to be purged first - I am not sure. [[Special:Contributions/96.79.100.209|96.79.100.209]] ([[User talk:96.79.100.209|talk]]) 17:32, 14 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Okay seems aat wirked, ta [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:55, 15 Julie 2025 (UTC) == JJS == Hello CiphriusKane, Help me rather than threatening me, thank you--[[Uiser:Jean700|Jean700]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jean700|tauk]]) 14:20, 23 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Excep there wisna ony threit. Ye postit ae setence-lang "airticle" aat makkit a vague claim wi nae claim thewarts notability, sae a taggit as sic. Gin iss wis enwiki aat airticle wid hae been deletit aareidies [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:27, 23 Julie 2025 (UTC) help me be useful--[[Uiser:Jean700|Jean700]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jean700|tauk]]) 06:53, 24 Julie 2025 (UTC) :Ye kin help yersel bi stendin oot the airticle insteid ae churnin oot fit leuks lik x-wiki spam. Turn it inti summat aat isna a sentence lang an claims aat French airt stairtit in the 1950s an we'll see anent the notability tag [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 19:32, 24 Julie 2025 (UTC) == Thanks for that == Thanks for accepting the changes [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-63184-6|&#126;2025-63184-6]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2025-63184-6|talk]]) 16:32, 16 September 2025 (UTC) == Update request == Hello, CiphriusKane. Can you rename [[Prince Andrew, Duke o York]] into the Scots version of [[Andra Mountbatten Windsor]]? After all his titles, honours and styles were stripped of him on 30 October 2025, he became plain (Mr.) Andrew Mountbatten Windsor. Here is the official statement from Buckingham Palace: https://www.royal.uk/news-and-activity/2025-10-30/a-statement-from-buckingham-palace Yours sincerely, [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-30714-02|&#126;2025-30714-02]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2025-30714-02|talk]]) 17:31, 1 November 2025 (UTC) == Clarification == A think there's been a misunderstanding here, so let me separate things clearly. ==== ScotsCheck (Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck/…) ==== The Translations, Dictionary-en, an Dictionary-sco pages belong tae '''ma personal on-wiki script'''. They are user-space working leets used only by that gadget in ma ain browser. They are '''nae a bot whitelist'''. They are '''nae''' community-approved standards. They are '''nae''' applied automatically by ony account. They are simply ma '''private working notes''', adjusted as A analyse scowiki airticles. If a translation entry is wrang (e.g. "ay" or "basit"), that juist means ma working leet needs corrected - it disnae affect the bot at aw. ==== The bot ([[Uiser:ScotsBot]]) ==== (EN for clarity) The bot executes only the tasks listed at '''[[Uiser:ScotsBot/Tasks]]'''. It does '''not''' read or use the on-wiki ScotsCheck dictionaries. It does not use the Translations page. It does not perform automatic oversettins. At present, the bot is inactive an waitin on the flag. There is currently '''no''' active, community-approved whitelist in operation (located by default at [[Uiser:BZPN/Whitelist.json]]). The bot is '''not''' applying translation replacements (and ''never'' was). If anything looked like oversetting in recent changes, that was my manual edit via my own script interface - not a bot action. ====enwiki block==== A received a community block in October 2025 related tae a content dispute an conduct issues on that project. It wis nae connected tae ony bots, automation, technical misuse, etc. There has been nae cross-wiki abuse, nae undisclosed bot activity, an nae sanctions related tae automation. A'm registered on ScoWiki for about a year, though A only started contributing recently. Scowiki is a separate project, an ma work here has been transparent an open tae scrutiny. A'm a trusted editor on other Wikimedia projects, including simplewiki, plwiki, mediawiki and others. If there are concerns about oversight or safeguards, A'm entirely willing tae operate under supervision. Best regards, [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 00:25, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :Bot eesers need ti be trowstit members o the commonity. Ye stairtit editin twa weeks back an clearly dinna hae the leid skills ti edit, sae fit wye is it aat yer daein the same sort o botlik edits aat got heaps o bad press? Ye didna ask ti rin the script an e'en gied the impression aat ye'd nae dae iss sort o hing. E'en leukin inti simplewiki an plwiki a'm seein mair reid flags, lik the Discord ban an a hefty block log on plwiki, an fit's iss anent a UCOC case? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:39, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::I am responding in English because of your previous comment stating that ''"it's pretty obvious that they're not a Scots speaker"'' was personally humiliating. As I am learning Scots, I won't understand everything perfectly, but that does not justify personal attacks. Writing a full article on scowiki requires careful attention, just as composing text in Scots requires time and effort. The fact that I am learning Scots does not make me less capable or less committed to producing good quality contributions. Back to the point: I have several points to avoid further misunderstandings. First: user scripts. As stated on [[:en:WP:JAVASCRIPT]]: ''"You take full responsibility for any actions taken using any user script. You must read and abide by all relevant Wikipedia policies when using this tool; failure to do so may result in being blocked from editing.''" My script runs on-wiki, requires manual interaction, and does not perform any automatic edits. At no point have I violated any scowiki rules or policies. My edits are fully auditable in page histories. Also, your comments regarding my alleged "bot-like" (suspected "automatic") edits, supposed inexperience, and prior conduct on other wikis constitute a serious personal attack. I am not a vandal, nor have I violated local community norms. Targeting actions from other Wikimedia projects, including blocks or Discord issues, is inappropriate. This approach lacks [[:en:WP:AGF|AGF]] and creates an unfair, hostile environment. Your messages, especially drawing attention to prior blocks and suggesting misconduct, may fall under UCoC 3.1, which includes behaviour intended to outrage or intimidate a person, e.g. by hounding, i.e., repeated critique or questioning across projects, intended to discourage or upset. I encourage you to read and follow the global standards under UCoC and to evaluate my edits and actions on their merits within scowiki. Mischaracterizing my contributions based on assumptions or other projects is discriminatory and contrary to the standards. I am fully willing to discuss any ''legitimate'' concerns about edits on scowiki, and pause certain changes if the community requests. It is late here, so I will be signing off for now. Good night. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 01:15, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::Did ye tell that ti the fowks aat opponed yer simplewiki RfA based on yer UCOC case, Discord ban an ban on plwiki? Acause iss message leuks gey seemlir ti the kind o hing aat wis raised in ither places. A wis giein ye a chance ti explain in yer ain wirds, an it seems yer walin ti come oot fur a fecht. :::As fur "learning Scots", pairt o the raeson aat the wiki's in sic a mess is acause o fowks "learning Scots", fowks aat wi aa gweed intentions managed ti cause sic a mess wi bad owersettins aat there wis discussion anent shuttin the hale projeck doon, an fae fit a'm seein ye wis daein the same hing. We hae tasks fur learners, an it disna incluid rinnin gadgets based on clearly fauty lists. A wis daein spotchecks on seyed lists, nae fu analysis, an a'd wager a'd fin mair wrang wi thaim. An the mix o Scots an Inglis in yer messages disna gie mense ti the idea aat ye hae the needit skills fur editin. :::As fur me bringin ap reid flags, a need ti ken aat a kin trowst the bot operator, an crosswiki behaviour kin be a gweed indcator o sumbidy's reliability. Gin yer bein baured fur battlegrund behaviour an wikilawyerin an shawin aat same behaviour here, then fit wye shid a conclude differently fae enwiki an sey ye kin be trowstit? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:15, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) ::::Either ye want the ScotsBot for whit it actually daes, as clearly set oot in the documentation, or me an the bot will step awa fae this wiki tae save ye ony mair bother, hostility, or accusations. The choice is yours. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 08:28, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) :::::Bye then [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:55, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC) == Request tae upload an eemage == Hullo @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], coud ye please dounload [[:fi:Tiedosto:13_Reasons_Why_tv-series_poster.jpg|this poster]] fur this series here fur local uise in the airticle, in accordance wi copyricht law ? Thank ye. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 03:49, 25 Mairch 2026 (UTC) :{{ping|Mr.Murdoch78}} Deen. As a'm nae shuir fit ye intend fur ti mak eese o't a'v left aat field in the license blank, sae please fill it in [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 06:36, 25 Mairch 2026 (UTC) == Request tae upload eemages == Hullo @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]], A'll need tae upload some eemages tae the wiki. Is thare a role A can uise tae avoid haein tae gae throu ye ilka time an baitherin ye? A woud lik tae hae Rowback richts tae undae unwantit chynges an aa. Coud ye upload the eemages here? A'll tak care o eikin the information. * [[:en:File:The_Night_We_Met.jpg|The Night We Met airtwirk]] * [[:en:File:Katherine_Langford_as_Hannah_Baker.jpg|Pictur o Katherine Langford as Hannah Baker]] * [[:en:File:Clay_Jensen.png|Pictur o Dylan Minnette as Clay Jensen]] * [[:en:File:A_Star_is_Born.png|''A Star Is Born'' film poster]] * ''[[:en:File:From_title_card.jpg|From]]'' * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Capaldi_-_Someone_You_Loved.png ''Someone You Loved'' airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Capaldi_-_Wish_You_the_Best.png Wish You the Best airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SurvivebyLewisCapaldi.webp Survive airtwirk] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ed_Sheeran_Perfect_Single_cover.jpg Perfect airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shape_Of_You_(Official_Single_Cover)_by_Ed_Sheeran.png Shape of You airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_(Ed_Sheeran_song)_cover.png Photograph airtwirk] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Notice_-_film_promotional_image.jpg ''Red Notice'' film poster] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:YOU_Tv_Series_LOGO.png Logo o the telly series ''YOU''] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Up_(2009_film).jpg ''Up ''film poster] Thank ye ! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:33, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :A'm nae shuir anent the image uploadin richt, bit gien foo yer still failin ti gie proper attreibution fur yer owersettins an violatin Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA licence a'd be temptit ti decline aat request [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 06:21, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::Aw credits an information regardin copyricht on eemages sic as films/series posters an sang/album airtwirks can be foond wi the eemage in ilka link. Whan owersettin airticles frae the Inglis Wikipaedia, hou dae A comply wi the Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA licence? Dae A need tae eik a template tae the airticle's collogue page? Coud ye shaw me an ensaumple frae an airticle sae A can correct ma mistak an avoid repeatin it? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 11:08, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::[[:en:Wikipedia:Translation#Attribution_requirements]]. A'll leuk at the images in a bit [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:12, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::A juist mak the chynge tae comply wi Wikipaedia's CC-BY-SA license on the airticle [[History o Fraunce]], is that correct? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:43, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::::Ay, bit dinna eese "eedit[s]". The Scots wird is "edit[s]" an a'v jist nae gotten roon ti gettin rid o the fake spellin [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:45, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::::A'v jist edited the Lord Huron airtin, is it correct nou? [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:53, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ay, ye dinna need ti speir at me aifter ivery een. Fit yer daein is fine noo [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 22:54, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Thank ye fur yer help! :) [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:04, 16 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :Okay leukin ower the requests... :From/A Star Is Born/Someone You Loved/Wish You the Best/Survive/Perfect/Shape of You/Red Notice dinna hae airticles sae we canna hae the images :YOU is ap fur deletion sae naw. There's a file on Commons :Langford/Minnette dinna need images o thair chairacters, an a'd really raither ye nae mak chairacter pages fur thaim. There's better places ti pit yer efforts nor inti makkin airticles fur fictional chairacters :Up a'll get roon ti at sum pint iss week [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 14:47, 22 Apryle 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Apryle 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Scots == Hello. I'm looking for translation of descriptions "studio album by Basshunter", "song by Käärijä and Basshunter" and "single by Käärijä and Basshunter" for Wikidata items. I think "studio album" and "single" are the same as English and there is "sang" for "song" and "an" for "and". I curious if there should be "by" or "bi" (there is "by" in infoboxes). Would you help? [[Uiser:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Uiser collogue:Eurohunter|tauk]]) 18:09, 30 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :A hink aither or is fine bit we'd gang fur bi here. As fur the infobox stuff, aat's mair lik ti be shite owersettins missin hauf the wirds [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:04, 30 Apryle 2026 (UTC) :: Thanks [[Uiser:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Uiser collogue:Eurohunter|tauk]]) 06:59, 1 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Translate button == Can ye translate the actin page on here an add the button for the original ane [[Uiser:Themeramisin|Themeramisin]] ([[Uiser collogue:Themeramisin|tauk]]) 19:53, 4 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Hey there == You are worth a lot, you're a Wikipedia editor! The most beautiful people on earth are Wikipedia editors and the Saints of God, your contributions will not go unnoticed, I will remember you kind Wikipedia editor. [[Uiser:Henry Casper Miron|Henry Casper Miron]] ([[Uiser collogue:Henry Casper Miron|tauk]]) 04:21, 8 Mey 2026 (UTC) == Mai Vu Minh == Hi, on the English wiki it has been recreated as Mai Vu Minh (diplomat) on 6 March 2026 probably to avoid it's deletion history being linked. I've moved it to Mai Vu Minh as there is no proper reason for the disambguation. It hasn't been reviewed yet so it could be deleted, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:39, 14 Mey 2026 (UTC) :{{ping|Atlantic306}} Shid aat no hae been "Mai Vũ Minh" wi the accent then? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:54, 15 Mey 2026 (UTC) nhlpvkjcbhp2vo8tzr57sao4vwecvsz Wikipedia:Leet o editathon themes/MSPs wi nae airticles 4 223455 916808 916595 2026-05-14T18:00:18Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 916808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Jackie Baillie 2018.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-08 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-29 | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[John Young]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Christine May]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[David Davidson]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-06 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-10 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-26 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-07 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-10-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-20 | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-28 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-31 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-28 | [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-25 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-29 | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-19 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-04-02 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-04 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-12 | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-25 | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-07-04 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[David Whitton]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-31 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-03 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-31 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[John McAllion]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-05 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-21 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-18 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-08 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-26 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]] | | [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-22 | | [[Hertfordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Ash Regan]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-26 | | [[St Mary's Hospital]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1976 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967<br/>1968 | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-22 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-21 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969<br/>1970 | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s<br/>1962 | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Douglas Lumsden 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Mark Simpson]] | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Laura Moodie]] | | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[Colm Merrick]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[Julie MacDougall]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[Katherine Sangster]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[David Kirkwood]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Adam Harley]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Simita Kumar]] | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Duncan Dunlop]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[Cara McKee]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Helen McDade]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[David Smith]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Andrew Baxter]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Donald MacKinnon]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Joe Fagan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[David Green]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Joe Long]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Pauline Stafford]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Jenny Young]] | | | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} oztc51jbr5w7m1sym16nb92hruubtx0 Melissa O'Neil 0 233421 916807 916411 2026-05-14T14:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Melissa O'Neil | image = Melissa O'Neil 2016.jpg | caption = O'Neil in 2016 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|7|12}} | birth_place = [[Calgary|Calgary, Alberta]], Canadae | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actress * sangster * sangwriter }} | years_active = 2005–present | module = {{Infobox muisical airtist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | instrument = Vocals | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]] | label = [[Sony Music|Sony Music Canada]] <small>(2005–2007)</small> }} }} '''Melissa O'Neil''' (born 12 Julie 1988)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Melissa O'Neil|url=https://playbill.com/person/melissa-oneil-vault-0000122112|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Playbill|language=en-US}}</ref> is a Canadian actress an sangster-sangwriter. In 2005, O'Neil wan the thrid saison o ''[[Canadian Idol]]''. As an actress, she is kent fur her roles as Rebecca, Two, an Portia Lin in the Canadian science fiction series ''[[Dark Matter (2015 TV series)|Dark Matter]]'' an as Sergeant Lucy Chen in the American polis procedural drama series ''[[The Rookie]]''. == Early life == Melissa O'Neil wis born in [[Calgary|Calgary, Alberta]] tae a Cheenese Canadian<ref>{{Cite web|title=ABC Celebrates #AANHPIHeritageMonth with The Rookie's Melissa O'Neil|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge7X-SkEwlo|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=}}</ref> mither frae [[Hong Kong]] an an Erse-Canadian faither.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cardoso|first=Paul|date=2022-07-13|title=Melissa O'Neil History, Personal Life, Career, Husband, Biography|url=https://www.naijanews.com/buzz/people/melissa-oneil-heritage-personal-life-career-husband-biography/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Naija News]]|language=en-US}}</ref> O'Neil attendit [[Lester B. Pearson Heich Schuil (Calgary)|Lester B. Pearson Heich Schuil]] in Calgary, Alberta, whaur she performed in muisicals, pleyed rugby an wis on the basketbaw team.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Volmers|first=Eric|date=2015-06-29|title=Calgary actress Melissa O'Neil charts new path with sci-fi series|url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/television/calgary-actress-melissa-oneil-charts-new-path-with-sci-fi-series|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Calgary Herald|language=en}}</ref> == Career == === ''Canadian Idol'' === In early 2005, whiles in heich schuil, O'Neil auditionit fur the thrid saison o ''[[Canadian Idol]]''. The judges wur impressed bi her vocals, an she mak it throu tae the tap 100 roond. On the furst day, she sang the sang "Concrete Angel" bi [[Martina McBride]] [[a cappella]] an again impressed the judges; bit, on the final day o competeetion, she forgot the wirds tae her chuisen sang an froze. Nivertheless, the judges wur aye sae impressed bi her singin abeelities that she continued tae the tap 32. Efter scorin the heichest nummer o votes in her semi-final group, again wi "Concrete Angel", O'Neil wis grantit a place in the final 10 o the contest. Awthou she wis heichly praised bi the judges, O'Neil suffered huge setbacks in baith the Tap 10 an Tap 9 weeks o the finals, as she wis votit in baith the bottom three an bottom twa, respectively. Shockit bi this, the judges urged viewers tae vote fur contestants lik Melissa, wha clearly haed the best vocal abeelities. Frae then on, O'Neil niver fell back intae the bottom three efter deliverin consistently praised performances, wi judge [[Zack Werner]] declarin that she wis "a threit tae win the whole thing". On 7 September 2005, O'Neil mak it intae the final twa o the competeetion, alangside [[Rex Goudie]], an efter mair performances, judge Werner statit that the heidlines o the nixt day's newspapers wad be "The King [Kalan Porter] is deid, lang live the Queen." Durin the grand finale results shaw on 14 September 2005, O'Neil defeatit Goudie tae be crouned the thrid ''Canadian Idol,'' as weel as the furst female winner, furst winner o Cheenese strynd, an (at 17) the yungest winner in the shaw's history. === Sangster === Immediately efter her win on ''Canadian Idol'', O'Neil received a congratulatory phone caw frae the [[Prime Meenister o Canadae|Canadian Prime Meenister]] [[Paul Martin]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2005-09-15|title=Calgary's Melissa O'Neil is first female Canadian Idol|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/calgarys-melissa-oneil-is-first-female-canadian-idol/article25678495/|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref> She then signed a recordin contract wi [[Sony BMG|Sony BMG Canada]] an lowsed her furst single, "[[Alive (Melissa O'Neil sang)|Alive]]", that hit stores on 4 October 2005, an debuted at nummer ane on the Canadian singles chairt, a poseetion it held fur fower week. The single wint on tae be certifee'd fower-times platinum bi the [[Music Canada|CRIA]]. On 22 November 2005, O'Neil's sel-titled debut album, ''[[Melissa O'Neil (album)|Melissa O'Neil]]'', wis lowsed on Sony an debuted at nummer saxteen on the Canadian albums chairt. The seicont single frae her album, "[[Melissa O'Neil (album)|Let It Go]]" wis lowsed in late 2005 an peakit at nummer seeven on the singles chairt. On 7 Februar 2006, O'Neil embarkit on her furst solo tour in [[North Bay, Ontario]], cried the Let It Go Tour efter her seicont single. Her support ack wis her ''Canadian Idol'' rinner-up, [[Rex Goudie]]. The thrid single lowse frae O'Neil's album wis "[[Melissa O'Neil (album)|Speechless]]", that peakit at nummer thirty-ane. In Mairch 2006, her debut album wis certifee'd gowd bi the [[Music Canada|CRIA]] fur 50,000 unit shipped, an her furst single "Alive" wis kivered bi Becki Ryan in the film ''[[Flicka]]''. On 16 September 2006 O'Neil returned tae the ''Canadian Idol'' stage durin the grand finale o its fowert saison. Here, she wis surprised wi the certifee'd-gowd-presentation disc o her debut album. In 2007, O'Neil wis nominatit fur a [[Juno Awairds|Juno Awaird]] as New Airtist o the Year, alangside [[Daniel Victor|Neverending White Lights]], [[Tomi Swick]], [[Patrick Watson (muisicker)|Patrick Watson]], an [[Eva Avila]] (the latter, her ''Canadian Idol'' successor<ref>{{Cite news|date=2006-09-17|title=Quebec teen Eva Avila crowned new Canadian Idol|language=en-CA|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/quebec-teen-eva-avila-crowned-new-canadian-idol/article1103663/|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref>); houiver, Swick teuk hame the awaird.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-04-02|title=Furtado Wins Big At Junos|url=https://celebrityaccess.com/caarchive/furtado-wins-big-at-junos/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=CelebrityAccess|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2009, O'Neil becam the lead vocalist fur the Toronto [[funk]] baund [[God Made Me Funky]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2009-09-12|title=God Made Me Funky on ET Canada!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuo6EQ0uNjo|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=ET Canada}}</ref> As descrieved bi Glenn Sumi, o ''[[Now (newspaper)|NOW Toronto]]'', "Efter winnin the thrid saison o Canadian Idol... O'Neil lowsed a best-sellin disc an then promptly begound daein muisical theatre, wi roles in ''[[Dirty Dancing]]'', ''[[High School Musical]]'' an the acclaimed Stratford production o ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]''."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Sumi|first=Glenn|date=2013-10-03|title=Interview: Melissa O'Neil—Actor, Les Misérables|url=https://nowtoronto.com/culture/melissa-oneil/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=NOW Toronto|language=en-CA|url-status=live}}</ref> === Muisical theatre === In the [[Toronto, Ontario]], production o ''Dirty Dancing'', O'Neil wis a featured sangster. In the Drayton Entertainment production o ''High School Musical On Stage'' (in [[St. Jacobs, Ontario|St. Jacobs]] an [[Penetanguishene]]), O'Neil pleyed the role o Gabriella. O'Neil's appearance as Martha/Maid by the Fire durin the 2011 saison's ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]'' wis her [[Stratford Fest|Stratford Shakespeare Fest]] debut. O'Neil wis featured as a lead in the Stage Wast Calgary production o "British Invasion" alangside umwhile lead sangster o [[The Guess Who]], Terry Hatty, an mak an appearance in ''[[Camelot (muisical)|Camelot]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Zekas|first=Rita|date=2010-12-17|title=Bella rocks a yellow silk chiffon cocktail dress|url=https://www.thestar.com/life/beauty-and-fashion/bella-rocks-a-yellow-silk-chiffon-cocktail-dress/article_fe53fcfc-1d15-5a39-9833-fa504ca321c0.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Toronto Star|language=en}}</ref> She pleyed [[Éponine]] in a sit-doun production o ''[[Les Misérables (muisical)|Les Misérables]]'' in Toronto at the [[Princess o Wales Theatre]], that ran frae September 2013 throu Februar 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferri|first=Josh|title=It’s Official! Ramin Karimloo, Melissa O’Neil & More Will Head to the Barricades in Toronto’s Les Miserables|url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/167338/its-official-ramin-karimloo-melissa-oneil-more-will-head-to-the-barricades-in-torontos-les-miserables/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Broadway.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kenneth|first=Jones|title=Toronto's New Les Miz Will Star Ramin Karimloo, Genevieve Leclerc, Samantha Hill, Lisa Horner, Cliff Saunders|url=http://playbill.com/news/article/174991-Torontos-New-Les-Miz-Will-Star-Ramin-Karimloo-Genevieve-Leclerc-Samantha-Hill-Lisa-Horner-Cliff-Saunders|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Playbill.com|archive-date=2013-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012004451/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/174991-Torontos-New-Les-Miz-Will-Star-Ramin-Karimloo-Genevieve-Leclerc-Samantha-Hill-Lisa-Horner-Cliff-Saunders}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cameron|first=Kelly|date=1970-01-01|title=LES MISERABLES, ONCE, ALADDIN & More Set for Mirvish's 50th Season|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/LES-MISERABLES-ONCE-ALADDIN-and-More-Highlight-Mirvishs-50th-Season-20130213|access-date=2026-05-06|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gioia|first=Michael|title=Toronto Production of Les Misérables, Starring Ramin Karimloo, Ends Feb. 2|url=http://playbill.com/news/article/187145-Toronto-Production-of-Les-Miseacuterables-Starring-Ramin-Karimloo-Ends-Feb-2?tsrc=hph|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Playbill.com|archive-date=2014-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219200614/http://playbill.com/news/article/187145-Toronto-Production-of-Les-Miseacuterables-Starring-Ramin-Karimloo-Ends-Feb-2?tsrc=hph}}</ref> She wan the [[Dora Mavor Moore Awairds|Dora Awaird]] fur Ootstandin Female Performance fur that role.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Henry|first=Alan|date=2014-06-24|title=Dora Awards 2014: A List Of All The Winners!|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/toronto/article/Photo-Flash-Inside-the-35th-Annual-Dora-Awards-Party-and-Ceremony-at-Harbourfront-Centre-20140624|access-date=2026-05-06|website=BroadwayWorld|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> In Mairch 2012, O'Neil mak her Broadway debut in ''Jesus Christ Superstar'', whaur she pleyed Martha, Maid bi the Fire an wirkit as unnerstudy tae the role o Mary Magdalene.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Playbill Gallery: Jesus Christ Supersar, Who's Who in the Cast|url=https://playbill.com/playbillpagegallery/inside-playbill?asset=00000150-ac86-d16d-a550-ecbeefaf0002&type=InsidePlaybill&slide=1|url-status=live|website=Playbill}}</ref> In 2013, O'Neil wis promotit tae pley [[Éponine]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Les Misérables Cast & Creatives: Melissa O'Neil|url=http://www.lesmis.com/toronto/about/cast-and-creatives/melissa-oneil/|url-status=dead|access-date=2026-05-06|website=LesMis.com|archive-date=2015-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714041106/http://www.lesmis.com/toronto/about/cast-and-creatives/melissa-oneil/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahearn|first=Victoria|date=2013-09-26|title=Les Miserables role a ‘dream come true’ for Melissa O’Neil|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/les-miserables-role-a-dream-come-true-for-melissa-o-neil/article_ca7c7d0d-2934-5183-a271-a03acb911791.html|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Toronto Star|language=en}}</ref> In Mairch 2014, O'Neil returned tae Broadway in a revival o ''Les Misérables'', whaur she wis a memmer o the ensemble an wirkit as unnerstudy fur the roles o Éponine an [[Fantine]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gioia|first=Michael|title=Casting Now Complete for 2014 Broadway Revival of Les Misérables|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/184997-Casting-Now-Complete-for-2014-Broadway-Revival-of-Les-Misrables?tsrc=hph|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Playbill}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Playbill Gallery: Les Misérables, Who's Who in the Cast|url=https://playbill.com/playbillpagegallery/inside-playbill?asset=00000150-ac86-d16d-a550-ecbeefaf0002&type=InsidePlaybill&|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Playbill}}</ref> === Actin === O'Neil haes been actin syne 2015. She haes haed recurrin roles in the 2015 [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] TV drama cried ''[[This Life (2015 TV series)|This Life]]'' that wis set in Montreal, the [[Cole Hauser]] TV crime series ''[[Rogue (TV series)|Rogue]]'', an the muisical drama wab series, ''Lost Generation'', that wis set in Berlin. The shaw wis oreeginally cried ''Pulse'' an haed a beuk an score written bi [[Duncan Sheik]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jarvey|first=Natalie|date=2016-06-02|title=Katie Findlay to Star in Go90 Musical Series ‘Pulse’|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/katie-findlay-star-go90-musical-899121/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> In December 2014, O'Neil wis cast in the starnin role o Two / Rebecca / Portia Lin, on the [[Syfy]] TV series space opera ''[[Dark Matter (2015 TV series)|Dark Matter]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=2014-12-18|title=Melissa O’Neil, Marc Bendavid Board Syfy’s ‘Dark Matter’|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/melissa-oneil-marc-bendavid-board-759225/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It wis a role she pleyed frae 2015 tae 2017, fur three saisons o the shaw. In 2018, O'Neil pleyed the role o Suki in [[The CW]] [[Procedural drama|procedural]] [[Crime film|crime drama]] ''[[IZombie (TV series)|iZombie]]'' creatit bi [[Rob Thomas (writer)|Rob Thomas]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shoaff|first=Brandon|date=2022-05-10|title=The iZombie Character You Likely Forgot The Rookie's Melissa O'Neil Played|url=https://www.looper.com/858156/the-izombie-character-you-likely-forgot-the-rookies-melissa-oneil-played/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Looper|language=en-US}}</ref> an haed anither recurrin role in the thriller ''[[Condor (TV series)|Condor]]'', a TV remak o ''[[Three Days of the Condor]]''. In October 2018, O'Neil wis cast in the role o [[Los Angeles Polis Depairtment|LAPD]] Officer Lucy Chen an Sava Wu in the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] telly polis drama series ''[[The Rookie]]'', whaur she pleys a fellae rookie polis officer opposite [[Nathan Fillion]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Nellie Andreeva,Denise|date=2018-02-08|title=‘The Rookie’: Melissa O’Neil To Co-Star In Nathan Fillion’s ABC Light Drama Series|url=https://deadline.com/2018/02/the-rookie-melissa-oneil-abc-drama-series-nathan-fillion-1202282153/|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Volmers|first=Eric|date=2018-10-12|title=Green in Blue: Calgary's Melissa O'Neil hits the mean streets of L.A. as newbie cop in The Rookie|url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/television/green-in-blue-calgarys-melissa-oneil-hits-the-mean-streets-of-l-a-as-newbie-cop-in-the-rookie|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Calgary Herald|language=en}}</ref> == Personal life == O'Neil's maternal grandfaither gae her a [[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]] name Ao Shimin ([[Tradeetional Cheenese chairacters|Tradeetional Cheenese]]: 奧詩敏, [[Simplifee'd Cheenese chairacters|Simplifee'd Cheenese]]: 奥诗敏, [[Pinyin]]: ''Ào Shī mǐn''), that means ''ladylike''.<ref name=":1" /> At the time whan she wis competin in ''Canadian Idol'', O'Neil wis said tae be able tae speak [[Cantonese]], bit nae fluently. ==Discography== ===Albums=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2"| Year ! rowspan="2"| Album details ! colspan="1"| Peak ! rowspan="2"| [[Muisic recordin sales certification|Certifications]]<br />([[Leet o best sellin muisic airtists|sales threshauld]]) |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! width="40"| [[Canadian Albums Chairt|CAN]] |- | 2005 | align="left"| '''''[[Melissa O'Neil (album)|Melissa O'Neil]]''''' * Lowsed: 22 November 2005 * Label: [[Sony Records|Sony]] * Format: [[Compact Disc|CD]] | 14 | align="left"| * [[Music Canada|MC]]: Gowd |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable" !width="40"|Year !Sang !width="40"|Canadae !Certification !Album |- |align="center" rowspan=2|2005 |"Alive" |align="center"|1 |align="center"| 4xPlatinum (CRIA) |rowspan="3"|''[[Melissa O'Neil (album)|Melissa O'Neil]]'' |- |"Let It Go" |align="center"|7 |align="center"|— |- |align="center" rowspan=1|2006 |"Speechless" |align="center"|31 |align="center"|— |} ===Ither appearances=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Sang !Airtist !Album |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |"Concrete Angel" |[[Canadian Idol]] |''High Notes'' |- |"Whiskey Lullaby" |[[Rex Goudie]] |''Under the Lights'' |} ==Filmography== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ Telly an film roles |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- |2005 |''[[Canadian Idol]]'' |Hersel |Contestant an winner on saison 3 |- | 2010 | ''Broken Hearts'' | Brandi | Film |- | 2015–2017 | ''[[Dark Matter (2015 TV series)|Dark Matter]]'' | Two / Portia Lin | Main role |- | 2015 | ''[[This Life (2015 TV series)|This Life]]'' | Sarah | Recurrin role (saison 1), 7 episodes |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''[[Rogue (TV series)|Rogue]]'' | Jen | Recurrin role (saisons 3–4), 8 episodes |- | ''[[Second Jen]]'' | Naomi | Episode: "Jenny Has the Gay" |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | ''[[Ransom (TV series)|Ransom]]'' | Drita Jakupi | Episode: "The Artist" |- | ''Lost Generation'' | Tasha | Wab series; recurrin role, 5 episodes |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | ''[[IZombie (TV series)|iZombie]]'' | Suki | Recurrin role (saison 4), 5 episodes |- | data-sort-value="Simple Favor, A" | ''[[A Simple Favor (film)|A Simple Favor]]'' | Beth T.A. | Film |- | ''[[Condor (TV series)|Condor]]'' | Janice | Recurrin role (saison 1), 5 episodes |- | 2018–present | data-sort-value="Rookie, The" | ''[[The Rookie]]'' | Officer/Sergeant Lucy Chen / Sava "Juicy" Wu | Main role; 126 episodes |- | 2022 | data-sort-value="Rookie: Feds, The" | ''[[The Rookie: Feds]]'' | Officer Lucy Chen | Episodes: "Face Off", "The Reaper" |} '''Video gemmes roles''' {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2016 |''[[Tom Clancy's The Division]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crafting the Storyline of Tom Clancy's The Division's Faye Lau|url=https://www.massive.se/article/crafting-the-storyline-of-tom-clancys-the-divisions-faye-lau/|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Massive Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref> |Faye Lau |Main role; Vyce |- |2019–2020 |''[[Tom Clancy's The Division 2]]'' |Faye Lau |Recurrin role (Warlairds o New York DLC, Saison 4: End o Watch) |} == Theatre == * 2007–2009: ''Dirty Dancing''<ref name=":0" /> * ''High School Musical'' at the Drayton Theatre Fest * ''Country Legends'' at the Drayton Theatre Fest * 2010: ''British Invasion'' at Stage Wast (Calgary) * 2010: ''Beauty and the Beast: The Savagely Silly Family Musical'' as Bella at Elgin Theatre (Calgary)<ref name=":2" /> * 2011: [[Stratford Fest|Stratford Shakespeare Fest]]: ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar]]'' & ''[[Camelot (muisical)|Camelot]]'' * 2012: ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' as Martha, Maid by the Fire an Mary Magdalene (unnerstudy) at the Neil Simon Theatre (New York)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jesus Christ Superstar|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/jesus-christ-superstar-490940|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Internet Broadway Database}}</ref> * 2013-14: Les Misérables: Princess o Wales Theatre * 2014–2016: ''Les Misérables'' Ensemble an Fantine an Eponine (unnerstudy) at the Imperial Theatre (New York)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Les Misérables|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/les-misrables-494837|url-status=live|access-date=2026-05-06|website=Internet Broadway Database}}</ref> == Awairds an honors == * 2007: [[Juno Awairds|Juno Awaird]], New Airtist o the Year (nominee) * 2014: [[Dora Mavor Moore Awairds|Dora Awaird]] fur Ootstandin Female Performance fur role o Éponine in ''Les Misérables''<ref name=":3" /> == See an aw == * [[Rock muisic o Canadae|Canadian rock]] * [[Muisic o Canadae]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== {{sister project links|d=Q3305128|q=Melissa O'Neil|c=category:Melissa O'Neil|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} * {{IMDb name|2047780|Melissa O'Neil}} * {{IBDB name|491491|Melissa O'Neil}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oneil, Melissa}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Canadian actresses o Cheenese strynd]] [[Category:Canadian fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Actresses frae Calgary]] [[Category:Canadian Idol winners]] [[Category:Canadian muisical theatre actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Calgary]] [[Category:Dora Mavor Moore Awaird winners]] [[Category:21st-century Canadian wummen sangsters]] [[Category:Canadian muisickers o Hong Kong strynd]] [[Category:Canadian pop muisickers]] [[Category:Canadian actresses o Hong Kong strynd]] [[Category:Sangsters frae Alberta]] hrxw51i1t3i01xadgj29sgvonqlykmz Dyslexia 0 233451 916813 916732 2026-05-15T00:08:08Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 916813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Dyslexia | synonyms = Readin ail | image = File:Dislexia nens.jpg | caption = Dyslexia involves difficulties in processin letters an wirds. | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|s|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|s|i|ə|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Dyslexia.wav}} {{respell|dis|LEK|see|ə}} | types = [[Surface dyslexia]] | field = [[Neurology]], [[pediatrics]] | symptoms = Trouble [[Readin (process)|readin]]<ref name="ninds1"/> | onset = Schuil age<ref name=Lancet2012/> | causes = [[Genetics|Genetic]] an environmental factors<ref name=Lancet2012 /> | risks = Faimily history, [[attention deficit hyperactivity ail]]<ref name=NIH2014Def/> | diagnosis = Series memory, spellin, veesion, an readin test<ref name=NIH2015Diag/> | differential = [[Hearin problems|Hearin]] or [[veesion problems]], insufficient [[Readin eddication|teachin]]<ref name=Lancet2012/> | treatment = Adjustin teachin methods<ref name=ninds1/> | frequency = 3–7%<ref name=Lancet2012/><ref name=Koo2013/> }} '''Dyslexia''', forby kent as '''wird blindness''', is a learnin disabeelity that affecks either readin or writin. Different fowk are affeckit tae different degrees. Problems mey include difficulties in spellin wirds, readin quickly, writin wirds, "soondin oot" wirds in the heid, pronouncin wirds whan readin alood an unnerstaundin whit ane reads. Aften thir difficulties are furst noticed at schuil. The difficulties are involuntary, an fowk wi this ail hae a normal desire tae learn. Fowk wi dyslexia hae heicher rates o attention deficit hyperactivity ail (ADHD), developmental leid ails, an difficulties wi nummers. Dyslexia is believed tae be caused bi the interaction o genetic an environmental factors. Some cases rin in faimilies. Dyslexia that develops owin tae a traumatic harn injury, stroke, or dementia is whiles cried "acquired dyslexia" or '''alexia'''. The unnerlyin mechanisms o dyslexia result frae differences athin the harn's leid processin. Dyslexia is diagnosed throu a series o tests o memory, veesion, spellin, an readin skeels. Dyslexia is separate frae readin difficulties caused bi hearin or veesion problems or bi insufficient teachin or opportunity tae learn. Treatment involves adjustin teachin methods tae meet the person's needs. Whiles nae curin the unnerlyin problem, it mey decrease the degree or impact o symptoms. Treatments targetin veesion are nae effective. Dyslexia is the maist common learnin disabeelity an occurs in aw areas o the warld. It affecks 3–7% o the population; houiver, up tae 20% o the general population mey hae some degree o symptoms. Whiles dyslexia is mair aften diagnosed in lads, this is pairtly exponed bi a sel-fulfillin referral bias amang teachers an professionals. It haes even been suggestit that the condeetion affecks men an wummen equally. Some believe that dyslexia is best considered as a different wey o learnin, wit baith benefits an dounsides. == Clessification == Dyslexia is dividit intae developmental an acquired forms. Acquired dyslexia occurs subsequent tae neurological insult, sic as traumatic harn injury or stroke. Fowk wi acquired dyslexia exhibit some o the signs or symptoms o the developmental ail, bit require different assessment strategies an treatment approaches. ''Pure alexia'', forby kent as ''agnosic alexia'' or ''pure wird blindness'', is ane form o alexia that maks up "the peripheral dyslexia" group. == Signs an symptoms == In early bairnheid, symptoms that correlate wi a later diagnosis o dyslexia include delayed onset o speech an a lack o phonological awareness. A common meeth closely associates dyslexia wi mirror writin an readin letters or wirds backwards. Thir behaviours are seen in mony bairn as thay learn tae read an write, an are nae considered tae be definin chairactereestics o dyslexia. Schuil-age bairn wi dyslexia mey exhibit signs o difficulty in identifyin or generatin rhymin wirds, or coontin the nummer o seellables in wirds—baith o that depend on phonological awareness. Thay mey forby shaw difficulty in segmentin wirds intae individual soonds (sic as soondin oot the three soonds o ''k'', ''a'', an ''t'' in ''cat'') or mey struggle tae blend soonds, indicatin reduced phonemic awareness. Difficulties wi wird retrieval or namin things is associatit wi dyslexia an aa. Fowk wi dyslexia are commonly puir spellers, a featur whiles cried ''dysorthographia'' or ''dysgraphia'', that depends on the skeel of orthographic codin. Problems persist intae adolescence an adultheid an mey include difficulties wi summarising stories, memorisation, readin alood, or learnin foreign leids. Adults wi dyslexia can aften read wi guid comprehension, thou thay tend tae read mair slawly nor ithers wioot a learnin difficulty an perform worse in spellin tests or whan readin nonsense wirds—a measure o phonological awareness. === Associatit condeetions === Dyslexia aften co-occurs wi ither learnin ails, bit the raisons fur this comorbidity hae nae been clearly identifee'd. Thir associatit disabeelities include: ; Dysgraphia : A ail involvin difficulties wi writin or typin, whiles owin tae problems wi ee–haund coordination; it can impede direction- or sequence-orientit processes an aa, sic as tyin knots or carryin oot repetitive tasks. In dyslexia, dysgraphia is aften multifactorial, owin tae impaired letter-writin automaticity, organisational an elaborative difficulties, an impaired veesual wird formin, that maks it mair difficult tae retrieve the veesual pictur o wirds required fur spellin. ; Attention deficit hyperactivity ail : A ail chairacterised bi problems sustainin attention, hyperactivity, or actin impulsively. Dyslexia an ADHA commonly occur thegither. Approximately 15% or 12–24% o fowk wi dyslexia hae ADHA; an up tae 35% o fowk wi ADHA hae dyslexia. ; Auditory processin ail : A listenin ail that affecks the abeelity tae process auditory information. This can lead tae problems wi auditory memory an auditory sequencin. Mony fowk wi dyslexia hae auditory processin problems, an mey develop thair awn logographic cues tae compensate fur this teep o deficit. Some resairch suggests that auditory processin skeels coud be the primary shortfaw in dyslexia. ; Developmental coordination ail : A neurological condeetion chairacterised bi difficulty in carryin oot routine tasks involvin balance, fine-motor control an kinesthetic coordination; difficulty in the uise o speech soonds; an problems wi short-term memory an organisation. == Causes == [[File:Inferior parietal lobule - superior view animation.gif|thumb|300px| Inferior parietal lobule – superior view animation]] Resairchers hae been tryin tae find the neurobiological basis o dyslexia syne the condeetion wis furst identifee'd in 1881. Fur ensaumple, some hae tree'd tae associate the common problem amang fowk wi dyslexia o nae bein able tae see letters clearly tae abnormal development o thair veesual nerve cells. === Neuroanatomy === Neuroimaging techniques, sic as functional magnetic resonance eemagin (fMRI) an positron emission tomography (PET), hae shawn a correlation atween baith functional an structural differences in the harns o bairn wi readin difficulties. Some fowk wi dyslexia shaw less activation in pairts o the left hemisphere o the harn involvit wi readin, sic as the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, an the middle an ventral temporal cortex. Meta-analyses o fMRI studies hae foond unner-activation whaur the temporal an occipital lobes meet in the left hemisphere in dyslexic subjecks (includin the veesual wird form area). Ower the past decade, harn activation studies uisin PET tae study leid hae produced a breakthrou in the unnerstaundin o the neural basis o leid. Neural bases fur the veesual lexicon an fur auditory verbal short-term memory components hae been proponed, wi some implication that the observed neural manifestation o developmental dyslexia is task-speceefic (i.e., functional raither nor structural). fMRIs o fowk wi dyslexia indicate an interactive role o the cerebellum an cerebral cortex as weel as ither harn structurs in readin. The cerebellar theory o dyslexia propones that impairment o cerebellum-controlled muscle muivement affecks the formation o wirds bi the tongue and facial muscles, resultin in the fluency problems that some fowk wi dyslexia experience. The cerebellum is involvit in the automatisation o some tasks an aa, sic as readin. The fact that some bairn wi dyslexia hae motor task an balance impairments coud be conseestent wi a cerebellar role in thair readin difficulties. Houiver, the cerebellar theory haes nae been supportit bi controlled resairch studies. === Genetics === Resairch intae potential genetic causes o dyslexia haes its ruits in post-autopsy examination o the harns o fowk wi dyslexia. Observed anatomical differences in the leid centres o sic harns include microscopic cortical malformations kent as ectopias, an mair rarely, vascular micro-malformations, an microgyrus—a smawer nor uisual size fur the gyrus. The previously citit studies an ithers suggest that abnormal cortical development, presumed tae occur afore or durin the saxt month o fetal harn development, mey have caused the abnormalities. Abnormal cell formations in fowk wi dyslexia hae forby been reportit in non-leid cerebral an subcortical harn structurs. Mony genes hae been associatit wi dyslexia, includin DCDC2 an KIAA0319 on chromosome 6, an DYX1C1 on chromosome 15. === Gene–environment interaction === The contreibution o gene–environment interaction tae readin (dis)abeelity, that estimates the proportion o variance (the differences in readin abeelity across individuals) attributable tae environmental an genetic factors, haes been studied extensively bi comparin sets o identical twins an fraternal twins. Sic twin studies shaw that baith environmental an genetic influences contreibute tae readin development, wi thir twa influences' kin impact varyin bi contex. Fur ensaumple, parental eddication haes been foond tae moderate genetic influences on readin (dis)abeelity, an teacher quality can moderate genetic effecks on early readin abeelity. Mairower, in mair supportive environments, genetic risk factors accoont fur a lairger proportion o the variation in dyslexia. This occurs acause reducin environmental risks—throu heich-quality instruction an supportive caregiein—lowers environmental differences, makin genetic effecks easier tae detect. If environmental risk factors are reduced wi guid teachin an a supportin caregier environment, genetic risk factors mey pley a muckler role in exponin why some fowk hae dyslexia acause the genetic effeck is easier tae detect gien that muckle environmental noise is bracketed-oot. As environment pleys a lairge role in learnin an memory, it is likly that epigenetic modifications pley an important role in readin abeelity. Measures o gene expression, histone modifications, an methylation in the bodie periphery are uised tae study epigenetic processes; houiver, aw o thir hae leemitations in the extrapolation o results fur application tae the bodie harn. ==== Leid ==== The orthographic complexity o a leid directly affecks hou difficult it is tae learn tae read it. Inglis an French hae comparatively "deep" phonemic orthographies athin the Laitin alphabet writin seestem, wi complex structurs employin spellin patterns on mony levels: letter-soond correspondence, seellables, an morphemes. Leids sic as Spainish, Italian an Finnish primarily employ letter-soond correspondence—sae-cried "shallae" orthographies—that maks thaim easier tae learn fur fowk wi dyslexia. Logographic writin seestems, sic as Cheenese chairacters, hae extensive seembol uise, an thir pose problems fur dyslexic learners an aa. ==Pathophysiology== [[File:Gray733.png|thumb|140px|Corpus callosum view, front pairt at tap o eemage]] Fur maist fowk wha are richt-haund dominant, the left hemisphere o thair harn is mair specialised fur leid processin. Wi regard tae the mechanism o dyslexia, fMRI studies suggest that this specialisation is less pronounced or absent in fowk wi dyslexia. In ither studies, dyslexia is correlatit wi anatomical differences in the corpus callosum, the bundle o nerve fibers that connects the left an richt hemispheres. Data via diffusion tensor MRI indicate chynges in connectivity or in gray maiter density in areas relatit tae readin an leid. Finally, the left inferior frontal gyrus haes shawn differences in phonological processin in fowk wi dyslexia. Neurophysiological an eemagin procedures are bein uised tae ascertain phenotypic chairactereestics in fowk wi dyslexia, thus identifyin the effecks o dyslexia-relatit genes. === Dual route theory === The dual-route theory o readin alood wis furst descrieved in the early 1970s. This theory suggests that twa separate mental mechanisms, or cognitive routes, are involvit in readin alood. Ane mechanism is the lexical route, that is the process whaurbi skeelt readers can recognise kent wirds bi sicht alane, throu a "dictionary" leukup procedure. The ither mechanism is the nonlexical or sublexical route, that is the process whaurbi the reader can "soond oot" a written wird. This is duin bi identifyin the wird's constituent pairts (letters, phonemes, graphemes) an applyin knawledge o hou thir pairts are associatit wi ilka ither — fur ensaumple, hou a string o neebourin letters soond thegither. The dual-route seestem coud expone the different rates o dyslexia occurrence atween different leids (e.g., the consistency o phonological rules in the Spainish leid coud accoont fur the fact that Spainish-speakin bairn shaw a heicher level o performance in non-wird readin, whan compared tae Inglis-speakers). == Diagnosis == Dyslexia is a heterogeneous, dimensional learnin ail that impairs accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin. Teepical—but nae universal—featurs include difficulties wi phonological awareness, inefficient an aften inaccurate processin o soonds in oral leid (''phonological processin''), an verbal wirkin memory deficits. Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental ail, subcategorisit in diagnostic guides as a ''learnin'' ''ail wi impairment in readin'' (ICD-11 prefixes "developmental" tae "learnin ail"; DSM-5 uises "speceefic"). Dyslexia is nae a problem wi intelligence. Emotional problems aften arise seicontary tae learnin difficulties. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke descrieves dyslexia as "difficulty wi phonological processin (the manipulation o soonds), spellin, an/or rapid veesual-verbal respondin". The Breetish Dyslexia Association defines dyslexia as "a learnin difficulty that maistly affecks the skeels involvit in accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin" an is chairacterised bi "difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory an verbal processin speed". ''Phonological awareness'' enables ane tae identify, discriminate, mynd (wirkin memory), an mentally manipulate the soond structurs o leid—phonemes, onsteid-rime segments, seellables, an wirds. === Assessment === The follaein can be duin tae assess fur dyslexia: Apply a multidisciplinary team approach involvin the bairn's parent(s) an teacher(s), schuil psychologist, pediatrician, an, as appropriate, speech an leid pathologist (speech therapist), an occupational therapist. Gain faimiliarity wi teepical ages bairn reach mony general developmental milestanes, an domain-speceefic milestanes, sic as phonological awareness (recognisin rhymin wirds; identifyin the initial soonds in wirds). Dinna rely on tests exclusively. Carefu observation o the bairn in the schuil an hame environments, an sensitive, comprehensive parental interviews are juist as important as tests. Leuk at the empirically supportit repone tae intervention (RTI) approach, that "... involves monitorin the progress o a group o bairn throu a programme o intervention raither nor unnertakin a static assessment o thair current skeels. Bairn wi the maist need are thaim wha fail tae respond tae effective teachin, an thay are readily identifee'd uisin this approach." ==== Assessment tests ==== Thare is a wide range o tests that are uised in clinical an eddicational settins tae evaluate the possibility o dyslexia. If initial testin suggests that a person micht hae dyslexia, sic tests are aften follaed up wi a fou diagnostic assessment tae determine the extent an naitur o the ail. Some tests can be admeenistered bi a teacher or computer; ithers require specialised trainin an are gien bi psychologists. Some test results indicate hou tae carry oot teachin strategies. Acause a variety o different cognitive, behavioural, emotional, an environmental factors aw coud contreibute tae difficulty learnin tae read, a comprehensive evaluation shoud consider thir different possibilities. Thir tests an observations can include: * General meisurs o cognitive abeelity, sic as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale fur Bairn, Woodcock-Johnson Tests o Cognitive Abeelities, or Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. Low general cognitive abeelity wad mak readin mair difficult. Cognitive abeelity meisurs aften try tae meisur different cognitive processes an aa, sic as verbal abeelity, nonverbal an spatial raisonin, wirkin memory, an processin speed. Thare are different versions o thir tests fur different age groups. Awmaist aw o thir require addeetional trainin tae gie an score correctly, an are duin bi psychologists. Accordin tae Mather an Schneider (2015), a confirmatory profile an/or pattern o scores on cognitive tests confirmin or rulin-oot readin ail haes nae yit been identifee'd. * Screenin or evaluation fur mental heal condeetions: Parents an teachers can complete ratin scales or behaviour checkleets tae gaither information aboot emotional an behavioural functionin fur yunger fowk. Mony checkleets hae seemilar versions fur parents, teachers, an yunger fowk auld eneuch tae read raisonably weel (aften 11 years an aulder) tae complete. Ensaumples include the Behavioural Assessment Seestem fur Bairn, an the Strenths an Difficulties Questionnaire. Aw o thir hae naitionally representative norms, makin it possible tae compare the level o symptoms tae whit wad be teepical fur the yunger person's age an biological sex. Ither checkleets link mair speceefically tae psychiatric diagnoses, sic as the Vanderbilt ADHD Ratin Scales or the Screen fur Bairn Anxiety Relatit Emotional Ail (SBAREA). Screenin uises brief tuils that are designed tae catch cases wi a ail, but thay aften get false positive scores fur fowk wha dae nae hae the ail. Screeners shoud be follaed up bi a mair accurate test or diagnostic interview as a result. Depressive ails an anxiety ails are two-three times heicher in fowk wi dyslexia, an attention-deficit/hyperactivity ail is mair common, as weel. * Review o academic achievement an skeels: Average spellin/readin abeelity fur a dyslexic is a percentage rankin <16, weel belaw normal. In addeetion tae reviewin grades an teacher notes, staundardised test results are helpfu in evaluatin progress. Thir include group admeenistered tests, sic as the Iowa Tests o Eddicational Development, that a teacher mey gie tae a group or hale clessruim o yunger fowk at the same time. Thay coud include individually admeenistered tests o achievement an aa, sic as the Wide Range Achievement Test, or the Woodcock-Johnson (that includes a set o achievement tests an aa). The individually admeenistered tests again require mair specialised trainin. == Screenin == Screenin procedures seek tae identify bairn wha shaw signs o possible dyslexia. In the preschuil years, a faimily history o dyslexia, pairticulairly in biological parents an siblins, predicts an eventual dyslexia diagnosis better nor ony test. In primary schuil (ages 5–7), the ideal screenin procedure consists o trainin primary schuil teachers tae carefully observe an record thair pupils' progress throu the phonics curriculum, an tharebi identify bairn progressin slawly. Whan teachers identify sic students thay can supplement thair observations wi screenin tests sic as the ''Phonics screenin check'' uised bi Unitit Kinrick schuils durin Year 1. In the medical settin, bairn an adolescent psychiatrist M. S. Thambirajah emphasises that "[g]ien the heich prevalence o developmental ails in schuil-aged bairn, aw bairn seen in clinics shoud be seestematically screened fur developmental ails irrespective o the presentin problem/s." Thambirajah recommends screenin fur developmental ails, includin dyslexia, bi conductin a brief developmental history, a preliminary psychosocial developmental examination, an obtainin a schuil report regardin academic an social functionin. == Management == Throu the uise o compensation strategies, therapy an eddicational support, individuals wi dyslexia can learn tae read an write. Thare are techniques an technical aids that help tae manage or conceal symptoms o the ail. Reducin stress an anxiety can whiles impruive written comprehension. Fur dyslexia intervention wi alphabet-writin seestems, the fundamental aim is tae increase a bairn's awareness o correspondences atween graphemes (letters) an phonemes (soonds), an tae relate thir tae readin an spellin bi teaching hou soonds blend intae wirds. Reinforced collateral trainin focused on readin an spellin mey yield langer-lastin gains nor oral phonological trainin alane. Early intervention can be successfu in reducin readin failur. Resairch daes nae suggest that specially-tailored fonts (sic as Dyslexie an OpenDyslexic) help wi readin. In experiments, a mair signeeficant difference in readin performance wis driven bi interline spacin, an the difference wis nae signeeficant ance variables sic as interline spacin an x-hicht wis normalised atween the candidate fonts. Bairn wi dyslexia read tex set in a regular font sic as Times New Roman an Arial juist as quickly, an thay shaw a preference fur regular fonts ower specially-tailored fonts. Some resairch haes pyntit tae increased letter-spacin bein beneficial. Thare is currently nae evidence shawin that muisic eddication signeeficantly impruives the readin skeels o adolescents wi dyslexia. == Resairch == [[File:Writing Systems Template Image.svg|thumb|120px|Writin seestems]] Maist dyslexia resairch relates tae alphabetic writin seestems, an inspecially tae European leids. Houiver, substantial resairch is forby available regardin fowk wi dyslexia wha speak Arabic, Cheenese, Hebrew, or ither leids. The ootward expression o individuals wi readin disabeelity, an regular puir readers, is the same in some respects. == See an aw == * Dyscalculia, difficulty comprehendin nummers an math * Learnin tae read * Orton-Gillingham * Structured literacy * Leet o fowk wi dyslexia == References == {{Reflist}} == Further readin == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ramus F, Altarelli I, Jednoróg K, Zhao J, Scotto di Covella L | title = Neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: Pitfalls and promise | journal = Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | volume = 84 | pages = 434–452 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 28797557 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.001 | s2cid = 33176236 }} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMR4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia, Reading and the Brain: A Sourcebook of Psychological and Biological Research|first = Alan | last = Beaton |date=14 October 2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42275-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OywcklCBPkC&pg=PP1|title=Fifty Years in Dyslexia Research| first = Thomas Richard | last = Miles |date=4 August 2006|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-02747-9|author-link=Thomas Richard Miles}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szJZ1LDQv7YC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia in Context: Research, Policy and Practice| vauthors = Reid G, Fawcett A |date=12 May 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-77801-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Jbvue2kNdYC&pg=PP1|title=The Psychology of Dyslexia: A Handbook for Teachers with Case Studies|first = Michael | last = Thomson |date=18 March 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-74197-9}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFh4kCrMbK4C&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia| first = Gavin | last = Reid |date=17 March 2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-6585-5|edition=3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2xdsMJ1MWgC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties| first = Mark | last = Selikowitz |date=2 July 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969177-7}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgXsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Reading, Writing and Dyslexia: A Cognitive Analysis| first = Andrew W. | last = Ellis |date=25 February 2014|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-317-71630-3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lz2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=The Dyslexia Debate| vauthors = Elliott JG, Grigorenko EL |date=24 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-11986-3|author-link=Julian Elliott}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXe6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Us: A collection of personal stories|last1=Agnew|first1=Susie|last2=Stewart|first2=Jackie|last3=Redgrave|first3=Steve|date=8 October 2014|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78333-250-2 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Norton ES, Beach SD, Gabrieli JD | title = Neurobiology of dyslexia | journal = Current Opinion in Neurobiology | volume = 30 | pages = 73–8 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25290881 | pmc = 4293303 | doi = 10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.007 | hdl = 1721.1/102416 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Serrallach B, Groß C, Bernhofs V, Engelmann D, Benner J, Gündert N, Blatow M, Wengenroth M, Seitz A, Brunner M, Seither S, Parncutt R, Schneider P, Seither-Preisler A | title = Neural Biomarkers for Dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Children | journal = Frontiers in Neuroscience | volume = 10 | page = 324 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27471442 | doi = 10.3389/fnins.2016.00324 | pmc = 4945653 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Shao S, Niu Y, Zhang X, Kong R, Wang J, Liu L, Luo X, Zhang J, Song R | title = Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 6 | article-number = 30454 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27464509 | pmc = 4964335 | doi = 10.1038/srep30454 | bibcode = 2016NatSR...630454S }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Brewer CC, Zalewski CK, King KA, Zobay O, Riley A, Ferguson MA, Bird JE, McCabe MM, Hood LJ, Drayna D, Griffith AJ, Morell RJ, Friedman TB, Moore DR | title = Heritability of non-speech auditory processing skills | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 24 | issue = 8 | pages = 1137–44 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26883091 | pmc = 4872837 | doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2015.277 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mascheretti S, De Luca A, Trezzi V, Peruzzo D, Nordio A, Marino C, Arrigoni F | title = Neurogenetics of developmental dyslexia: from genes to behavior through brain neuroimaging and cognitive and sensorial mechanisms | journal = Translational Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = e987 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28045463 | pmc = 5545717 | doi = 10.1038/tp.2016.240 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fraga González G, Žarić G, Tijms J, Bonte M, van der Molen MW | title = Contributions of Letter-Speech Sound Learning and Visual Print Tuning to Reading Improvement: Evidence from Brain Potential and Dyslexia Training Studies | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | page = 10 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28106790 | pmc = 5297299 | doi = 10.3390/brainsci7010010 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Rudov A, Rocchi MB, Accorsi A, Spada G, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Albertini MC | title = Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment | journal = Epigenetics | volume = 8 | issue = 10 | pages = 1023–9 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23949389 | pmc = 3891682 | doi = 10.4161/epi.26026 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Vágvölgyi R, Coldea A, Dresler T, Schrader J, Nuerk HC | title = A Review about Functional Illiteracy: Definition, Cognitive, Linguistic, and Numerical Aspects | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | volume = 7 | page = 1617 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27891100 | pmc = 5102880 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01617 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q132971|q=no|c=category:Dyslexia|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} {{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|lcheading=dyslexia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Dyslexia| ]] [[Category:Leeteracy]] [[Category:Learnin tae read]] [[Category:Speceefic developmental ails]] [[Category:Readin (process)|*Dyslexia]] [[Category:Wikipaedia medicin airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Wikipaedia neurology airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Writin]] s1k7e8v2cgfmn4dfvucnes93lrrk21m 916814 916813 2026-05-15T00:17:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 916814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Dyslexia | synonyms = Readin ail | image = File:Dislexia nens.jpg | caption = Dyslexia involves difficulties in processin letters an wirds. | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|s|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|s|i|ə|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Dyslexia.wav}} {{respell|dis|LEK|see|ə}} | types = [[Surface dyslexia]] | field = [[Neurology]], [[pediatrics]] | symptoms = Trouble [[Readin (process)|readin]]<ref name="ninds1"/> | onset = Schuil age<ref name=Lancet2012/> | causes = [[Genetics|Genetic]] an environmental factors<ref name=Lancet2012 /> | risks = Faimily history, [[attention deficit hyperactivity ail]]<ref name=NIH2014Def/> | diagnosis = Series memory, spellin, veesion, an readin test<ref name=NIH2015Diag/> | differential = [[Hearin problems|Hearin]] or [[veesion problems]], insufficient [[Readin eddication|teachin]]<ref name=Lancet2012/> | treatment = Adjustin teachin methods<ref name=ninds1/> | frequency = 3–7%<ref name=Lancet2012/><ref name=Koo2013/> }} '''Dyslexia''', forby kent as '''wird blindness''', is a learnin disabeelity that affecks either readin or writin. Different fowk are affeckit tae different degrees. Problems mey include difficulties in spellin wirds, readin quickly, writin wirds, "soondin oot" wirds in the heid, pronouncin wirds whan readin alood an unnerstaundin whit ane reads. Aften thir difficulties are furst noticed at schuil. The difficulties are involuntary, an fowk wi this ail hae a normal desire tae learn. Fowk wi dyslexia hae heicher rates o attention deficit hyperactivity ail (ADHD), developmental leid ails, an difficulties wi nummers. Dyslexia is believed tae be caused bi the interaction o genetic an environmental factors. Some cases rin in faimilies. Dyslexia that develops owin tae a traumatic harn injury, stroke, or dementia is whiles cried "acquired dyslexia" or '''alexia'''. The unnerlyin mechanisms o dyslexia result frae differences athin the harn's leid processin. Dyslexia is diagnosed throu a series o tests o memory, veesion, spellin, an readin skeels. Dyslexia is separate frae readin difficulties caused bi hearin or veesion problems or bi insufficient teachin or opportunity tae learn. Treatment involves adjustin teachin methods tae meet the person's needs. Whiles nae curin the unnerlyin problem, it mey decrease the degree or impact o symptoms. Treatments targetin veesion are nae effective. Dyslexia is the maist common learnin disabeelity an occurs in aw areas o the warld. It affecks 3–7% o the population; houiver, up tae 20% o the general population mey hae some degree o symptoms. Whiles dyslexia is mair aften diagnosed in lads, this is pairtly exponed bi a sel-fulfillin referral bias amang teachers an professionals. It haes even been suggestit that the condeetion affecks men an wummen equally. Some believe that dyslexia is best considered as a different wey o learnin, wit baith benefits an dounsides. == Clessification == Dyslexia is dividit intae developmental an acquired forms. Acquired dyslexia occurs subsequent tae neurological insult, sic as traumatic harn injury or stroke. Fowk wi acquired dyslexia exhibit some o the signs or symptoms o the developmental ail, bit require different assessment strategies an treatment approaches. ''Pure alexia'', forby kent as ''agnosic alexia'' or ''pure wird blindness'', is ane form o alexia that maks up "the peripheral dyslexia" group. == Signs an symptoms == In early bairnheid, symptoms that correlate wi a later diagnosis o dyslexia include delayed onset o speech an a lack o phonological awareness. A common meeth closely associates dyslexia wi mirror writin an readin letters or wirds backwards. Thir behaviours are seen in mony bairn as thay learn tae read an write, an are nae considered tae be definin chairactereestics o dyslexia. Schuil-age bairn wi dyslexia mey exhibit signs o difficulty in identifyin or generatin rhymin wirds, or coontin the nummer o seellables in wirds—baith o that depend on phonological awareness. Thay mey forby shaw difficulty in segmentin wirds intae individual soonds (sic as soondin oot the three soonds o ''k'', ''a'', an ''t'' in ''cat'') or mey struggle tae blend soonds, indicatin reduced phonemic awareness. Difficulties wi wird retrieval or namin things is associatit wi dyslexia an aa. Fowk wi dyslexia are commonly puir spellers, a featur whiles cried ''dysorthographia'' or ''dysgraphia'', that depends on the skeel of orthographic codin. Problems persist intae adolescence an adultheid an mey include difficulties wi summarising stories, memorisation, readin alood, or learnin foreign leids. Adults wi dyslexia can aften read wi guid comprehension, thou thay tend tae read mair slawly nor ithers wioot a learnin difficulty an perform worse in spellin tests or whan readin nonsense wirds—a measure o phonological awareness. === Associatit condeetions === Dyslexia aften co-occurs wi ither learnin ails, bit the raisons fur this comorbidity hae nae been clearly identifee'd. Thir associatit disabeelities include: ; Dysgraphia : A ail involvin difficulties wi writin or typin, whiles owin tae problems wi ee–haund coordination; it can impede direction- or sequence-orientit processes an aa, sic as tyin knots or carryin oot repetitive tasks. In dyslexia, dysgraphia is aften multifactorial, owin tae impaired letter-writin automaticity, organisational an elaborative difficulties, an impaired veesual wird formin, that maks it mair difficult tae retrieve the veesual pictur o wirds required fur spellin. ; Attention deficit hyperactivity ail : A ail chairacterised bi problems sustainin attention, hyperactivity, or actin impulsively. Dyslexia an ADHA commonly occur thegither. Approximately 15% or 12–24% o fowk wi dyslexia hae ADHA; an up tae 35% o fowk wi ADHA hae dyslexia. ; Auditory processin ail : A listenin ail that affecks the abeelity tae process auditory information. This can lead tae problems wi auditory memory an auditory sequencin. Mony fowk wi dyslexia hae auditory processin problems, an mey develop thair awn logographic cues tae compensate fur this teep o deficit. Some resairch suggests that auditory processin skeels coud be the primary shortfaw in dyslexia. ; Developmental coordination ail : A neurological condeetion chairacterised bi difficulty in carryin oot routine tasks involvin balance, fine-motor control an kinesthetic coordination; difficulty in the uise o speech soonds; an problems wi short-term memory an organisation. == Causes == [[File:Inferior parietal lobule - superior view animation.gif|thumb|300px| Inferior parietal lobule – superior view animation]] Resairchers hae been tryin tae find the neurobiological basis o dyslexia syne the condeetion wis furst identifee'd in 1881. Fur ensaumple, some hae tree'd tae associate the common problem amang fowk wi dyslexia o nae bein able tae see letters clearly tae abnormal development o thair veesual nerve cells. === Neuroanatomy === Neuroimaging techniques, sic as functional magnetic resonance eemagin (fMRI) an positron emission tomography (PET), hae shawn a correlation atween baith functional an structural differences in the harns o bairn wi readin difficulties. Some fowk wi dyslexia shaw less activation in pairts o the left hemisphere o the harn involvit wi readin, sic as the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, an the middle an ventral temporal cortex. Meta-analyses o fMRI studies hae foond unner-activation whaur the temporal an occipital lobes meet in the left hemisphere in dyslexic subjecks (includin the veesual wird form area). Ower the past decade, harn activation studies uisin PET tae study leid hae produced a breakthrou in the unnerstaundin o the neural basis o leid. Neural bases fur the veesual lexicon an fur auditory verbal short-term memory components hae been proponed, wi some implication that the observed neural manifestation o developmental dyslexia is task-speceefic (i.e., functional raither nor structural). fMRIs o fowk wi dyslexia indicate an interactive role o the cerebellum an cerebral cortex as weel as ither harn structurs in readin. The cerebellar theory o dyslexia propones that impairment o cerebellum-controlled muscle muivement affecks the formation o wirds bi the tongue and facial muscles, resultin in the fluency problems that some fowk wi dyslexia experience. The cerebellum is involvit in the automatisation o some tasks an aa, sic as readin. The fact that some bairn wi dyslexia hae motor task an balance impairments coud be conseestent wi a cerebellar role in thair readin difficulties. Houiver, the cerebellar theory haes nae been supportit bi controlled resairch studies. === Genetics === Resairch intae potential genetic causes o dyslexia haes its ruits in post-autopsy examination o the harns o fowk wi dyslexia. Observed anatomical differences in the leid centres o sic harns include microscopic cortical malformations kent as ectopias, an mair rarely, vascular micro-malformations, an microgyrus—a smawer nor uisual size fur the gyrus. The previously citit studies an ithers suggest that abnormal cortical development, presumed tae occur afore or durin the saxt month o fetal harn development, mey have caused the abnormalities. Abnormal cell formations in fowk wi dyslexia hae forby been reportit in non-leid cerebral an subcortical harn structurs. Mony genes hae been associatit wi dyslexia, includin DCDC2 an KIAA0319 on chromosome 6, an DYX1C1 on chromosome 15. === Gene–environment interaction === The contreibution o gene–environment interaction tae readin (dis)abeelity, that estimates the proportion o variance (the differences in readin abeelity across individuals) attributable tae environmental an genetic factors, haes been studied extensively bi comparin sets o identical twins an fraternal twins. Sic twin studies shaw that baith environmental an genetic influences contreibute tae readin development, wi thir twa influences' kin impact varyin bi contex. Fur ensaumple, parental eddication haes been foond tae moderate genetic influences on readin (dis)abeelity, an teacher quality can moderate genetic effecks on early readin abeelity. Mairower, in mair supportive environments, genetic risk factors accoont fur a lairger proportion o the variation in dyslexia. This occurs acause reducin environmental risks—throu heich-quality instruction an supportive caregiein—lowers environmental differences, makin genetic effecks easier tae detect. If environmental risk factors are reduced wi guid teachin an a supportin caregier environment, genetic risk factors mey pley a muckler role in exponin why some fowk hae dyslexia acause the genetic effeck is easier tae detect gien that muckle environmental noise is bracketed-oot. As environment pleys a lairge role in learnin an memory, it is likly that epigenetic modifications pley an important role in readin abeelity. Measures o gene expression, histone modifications, an methylation in the bodie periphery are uised tae study epigenetic processes; houiver, aw o thir hae leemitations in the extrapolation o results fur application tae the bodie harn. ==== Leid ==== The orthographic complexity o a leid directly affecks hou difficult it is tae learn tae read it. Inglis an French hae comparatively "deep" phonemic orthographies athin the Laitin alphabet writin seestem, wi complex structurs employin spellin patterns on mony levels: letter-soond correspondence, seellables, an morphemes. Leids sic as Spainish, Italian an Finnish primarily employ letter-soond correspondence—sae-cried "shallae" orthographies—that maks thaim easier tae learn fur fowk wi dyslexia. Logographic writin seestems, sic as Cheenese chairacters, hae extensive seembol uise, an thir pose problems fur dyslexic learners an aa. ==Pathophysiology== [[File:Gray733.png|thumb|140px|Corpus callosum view, front pairt at tap o eemage]] Fur maist fowk wha are richt-haund dominant, the left hemisphere o thair harn is mair specialised fur leid processin. Wi regard tae the mechanism o dyslexia, fMRI studies suggest that this specialisation is less pronounced or absent in fowk wi dyslexia. In ither studies, dyslexia is correlatit wi anatomical differences in the corpus callosum, the bundle o nerve fibers that connects the left an richt hemispheres. Data via diffusion tensor MRI indicate chynges in connectivity or in gray maiter density in areas relatit tae readin an leid. Finally, the left inferior frontal gyrus haes shawn differences in phonological processin in fowk wi dyslexia. Neurophysiological an eemagin procedures are bein uised tae ascertain phenotypic chairactereestics in fowk wi dyslexia, thus identifyin the effecks o dyslexia-relatit genes. === Dual route theory === The dual-route theory o readin alood wis furst descrieved in the early 1970s. This theory suggests that twa separate mental mechanisms, or cognitive routes, are involvit in readin alood. Ane mechanism is the lexical route, that is the process whaurbi skeelt readers can recognise kent wirds bi sicht alane, throu a "dictionary" leukup procedure. The ither mechanism is the nonlexical or sublexical route, that is the process whaurbi the reader can "soond oot" a written wird. This is duin bi identifyin the wird's constituent pairts (letters, phonemes, graphemes) an applyin knawledge o hou thir pairts are associatit wi ilka ither — fur ensaumple, hou a string o neebourin letters soond thegither. The dual-route seestem coud expone the different rates o dyslexia occurrence atween different leids (e.g., the consistency o phonological rules in the Spainish leid coud accoont fur the fact that Spainish-speakin bairn shaw a heicher level o performance in non-wird readin, whan compared tae Inglis-speakers). == Diagnosis == Dyslexia is a heterogeneous, dimensional learnin ail that impairs accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin. Teepical—but nae universal—featurs include difficulties wi phonological awareness, inefficient an aften inaccurate processin o soonds in oral leid (''phonological processin''), an verbal wirkin memory deficits. Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental ail, subcategorisit in diagnostic guides as a ''learnin'' ''ail wi impairment in readin'' (ICD-11 prefixes "developmental" tae "learnin ail"; DSM-5 uises "speceefic"). Dyslexia is nae a problem wi intelligence. Emotional problems aften arise seicontary tae learnin difficulties. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke descrieves dyslexia as "difficulty wi phonological processin (the manipulation o soonds), spellin, an/or rapid veesual-verbal respondin". The Breetish Dyslexia Association defines dyslexia as "a learnin difficulty that maistly affecks the skeels involvit in accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin" an is chairacterised bi "difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory an verbal processin speed". ''Phonological awareness'' enables ane tae identify, discriminate, mynd (wirkin memory), an mentally manipulate the soond structurs o leid—phonemes, onsteid-rime segments, seellables, an wirds. === Assessment === The follaein can be duin tae assess fur dyslexia: Apply a multidisciplinary team approach involvin the bairn's parent(s) an teacher(s), schuil psychologist, pediatrician, an, as appropriate, speech an leid pathologist (speech therapist), an occupational therapist. Gain faimiliarity wi teepical ages bairn reach mony general developmental milestanes, an domain-speceefic milestanes, sic as phonological awareness (recognisin rhymin wirds; identifyin the initial soonds in wirds). Dinna rely on tests exclusively. Carefu observation o the bairn in the schuil an hame environments, an sensitive, comprehensive parental interviews are juist as important as tests. Leuk at the empirically supportit repone tae intervention (RTI) approach, that "... involves monitorin the progress o a group o bairn throu a programme o intervention raither nor unnertakin a static assessment o thair current skeels. Bairn wi the maist need are thaim wha fail tae respond tae effective teachin, an thay are readily identifee'd uisin this approach." ==== Assessment tests ==== Thare is a wide range o tests that are uised in clinical an eddicational settins tae evaluate the possibility o dyslexia. If initial testin suggests that a person micht hae dyslexia, sic tests are aften follaed up wi a fou diagnostic assessment tae determine the extent an naitur o the ail. Some tests can be admeenistered bi a teacher or computer; ithers require specialised trainin an are gien bi psychologists. Some test results indicate hou tae carry oot teachin strategies. Acause a variety o different cognitive, behavioural, emotional, an environmental factors aw coud contreibute tae difficulty learnin tae read, a comprehensive evaluation shoud consider thir different possibilities. Thir tests an observations can include: * General meisurs o cognitive abeelity, sic as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale fur Bairn, Woodcock-Johnson Tests o Cognitive Abeelities, or Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. Low general cognitive abeelity wad mak readin mair difficult. Cognitive abeelity meisurs aften try tae meisur different cognitive processes an aa, sic as verbal abeelity, nonverbal an spatial raisonin, wirkin memory, an processin speed. Thare are different versions o thir tests fur different age groups. Awmaist aw o thir require addeetional trainin tae gie an score correctly, an are duin bi psychologists. Accordin tae Mather an Schneider (2015), a confirmatory profile an/or pattern o scores on cognitive tests confirmin or rulin-oot readin ail haes nae yit been identifee'd. * Screenin or evaluation fur mental heal condeetions: Parents an teachers can complete ratin scales or behaviour checkleets tae gaither information aboot emotional an behavioural functionin fur yunger fowk. Mony checkleets hae seemilar versions fur parents, teachers, an yunger fowk auld eneuch tae read raisonably weel (aften 11 years an aulder) tae complete. Ensaumples include the Behavioural Assessment Seestem fur Bairn, an the Strenths an Difficulties Questionnaire. Aw o thir hae naitionally representative norms, makin it possible tae compare the level o symptoms tae whit wad be teepical fur the yunger person's age an biological sex. Ither checkleets link mair speceefically tae psychiatric diagnoses, sic as the Vanderbilt ADHD Ratin Scales or the Screen fur Bairn Anxiety Relatit Emotional Ail (SBAREA). Screenin uises brief tuils that are designed tae catch cases wi a ail, but thay aften get false positive scores fur fowk wha dae nae hae the ail. Screeners shoud be follaed up bi a mair accurate test or diagnostic interview as a result. Depressive ails an anxiety ails are two-three times heicher in fowk wi dyslexia, an attention-deficit/hyperactivity ail is mair common, as weel. * Review o academic achievement an skeels: Average spellin/readin abeelity fur a dyslexic is a percentage rankin <16, weel belaw normal. In addeetion tae reviewin grades an teacher notes, staundardised test results are helpfu in evaluatin progress. Thir include group admeenistered tests, sic as the Iowa Tests o Eddicational Development, that a teacher mey gie tae a group or hale clessruim o yunger fowk at the same time. Thay coud include individually admeenistered tests o achievement an aa, sic as the Wide Range Achievement Test, or the Woodcock-Johnson (that includes a set o achievement tests an aa). The individually admeenistered tests again require mair specialised trainin. == Screenin == Screenin procedures seek tae identify bairn wha shaw signs o possible dyslexia. In the preschuil years, a faimily history o dyslexia, pairticulairly in biological parents an siblins, predicts an eventual dyslexia diagnosis better nor ony test. In primary schuil (ages 5–7), the ideal screenin procedure consists o trainin primary schuil teachers tae carefully observe an record thair pupils' progress throu the phonics curriculum, an tharebi identify bairn progressin slawly. Whan teachers identify sic students thay can supplement thair observations wi screenin tests sic as the ''Phonics screenin check'' uised bi Unitit Kinrick schuils durin Year 1. In the medical settin, bairn an adolescent psychiatrist M. S. Thambirajah emphasises that "[g]ien the heich prevalence o developmental ails in schuil-aged bairn, aw bairn seen in clinics shoud be seestematically screened fur developmental ails irrespective o the presentin problem/s." Thambirajah recommends screenin fur developmental ails, includin dyslexia, bi conductin a brief developmental history, a preliminary psychosocial developmental examination, an obtainin a schuil report regardin academic an social functionin. == Management == Throu the uise o compensation strategies, therapy an eddicational support, individuals wi dyslexia can learn tae read an write. Thare are techniques an technical aids that help tae manage or conceal symptoms o the ail. Reducin stress an anxiety can whiles impruive written comprehension. Fur dyslexia intervention wi alphabet-writin seestems, the fundamental aim is tae increase a bairn's awareness o correspondences atween graphemes (letters) an phonemes (soonds), an tae relate thir tae readin an spellin bi teaching hou soonds blend intae wirds. Reinforced collateral trainin focused on readin an spellin mey yield langer-lastin gains nor oral phonological trainin alane. Early intervention can be successfu in reducin readin failur. Resairch daes nae suggest that specially-tailored fonts (sic as Dyslexie an OpenDyslexic) help wi readin. In experiments, a mair signeeficant difference in readin performance wis driven bi interline spacin, an the difference wis nae signeeficant ance variables sic as interline spacin an x-hicht wis normalised atween the candidate fonts. Bairn wi dyslexia read tex set in a regular font sic as Times New Roman an Arial juist as quickly, an thay shaw a preference fur regular fonts ower specially-tailored fonts. Some resairch haes pyntit tae increased letter-spacin bein beneficial. Thare is currently nae evidence shawin that muisic eddication signeeficantly impruives the readin skeels o adolescents wi dyslexia. == Prognosis == Dyslexic bairn require special instruction fur wird analysis an spellin frae an early age. The prognosis, generally speakin, is positive fur individuals wha are identifee'd in bairnheid an receive support frae freends an faimily. The New York eddicational seestem (NYED) indicates "a daily uninterruptit 90-meenit block o instruction in readin" an "instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development, readin fluency" sae as tae impruive the individual's readin abeelity. == Epidemiology == The prevalence o dyslexia is unkent, but it haes been estimatit tae be as low as 5% an as heich as 17% o the population. Dyslexia is diagnosed mair aften in males. Thare are different defineetions o dyslexia uised throuoot the warld. Further, differences in writin seestems mey affeck development o written leid abeelity owin tae the interpley atween auditory an written representations o phonemes. Dyslexia is nae limitit tae difficulty in convertin letters tae soonds, an Cheenese fowk wi dyslexia mey hae difficulty convertin Cheenese chairacters intae thair meanins. The Cheenese vocabulary uises logographic, monographic, non-alphabet writin whaur ane chairacter can represent an individual phoneme. The phonological-processin hypothesis attempts tae expone why dyslexia occurs in a wide variety o leids. Furthermair, the relationship atween phonological capacity an readin appears tae be influenced bi orthography. == Resairch == [[File:Writing Systems Template Image.svg|thumb|120px|Writin seestems]] Maist dyslexia resairch relates tae alphabetic writin seestems, an inspecially tae European leids. Houiver, substantial resairch is forby available regardin fowk wi dyslexia wha speak Arabic, Cheenese, Hebrew, or ither leids. The ootward expression o individuals wi readin disabeelity, an regular puir readers, is the same in some respects. == See an aw == * Dyscalculia, difficulty comprehendin nummers an math * Learnin tae read * Orton-Gillingham * Structured literacy * Leet o fowk wi dyslexia == References == {{Reflist}} == Further readin == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ramus F, Altarelli I, Jednoróg K, Zhao J, Scotto di Covella L | title = Neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: Pitfalls and promise | journal = Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | volume = 84 | pages = 434–452 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 28797557 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.001 | s2cid = 33176236 }} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMR4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia, Reading and the Brain: A Sourcebook of Psychological and Biological Research|first = Alan | last = Beaton |date=14 October 2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42275-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OywcklCBPkC&pg=PP1|title=Fifty Years in Dyslexia Research| first = Thomas Richard | last = Miles |date=4 August 2006|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-02747-9|author-link=Thomas Richard Miles}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szJZ1LDQv7YC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia in Context: Research, Policy and Practice| vauthors = Reid G, Fawcett A |date=12 May 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-77801-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Jbvue2kNdYC&pg=PP1|title=The Psychology of Dyslexia: A Handbook for Teachers with Case Studies|first = Michael | last = Thomson |date=18 March 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-74197-9}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFh4kCrMbK4C&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia| first = Gavin | last = Reid |date=17 March 2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-6585-5|edition=3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2xdsMJ1MWgC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties| first = Mark | last = Selikowitz |date=2 July 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969177-7}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgXsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Reading, Writing and Dyslexia: A Cognitive Analysis| first = Andrew W. | last = Ellis |date=25 February 2014|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-317-71630-3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lz2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=The Dyslexia Debate| vauthors = Elliott JG, Grigorenko EL |date=24 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-11986-3|author-link=Julian Elliott}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXe6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Us: A collection of personal stories|last1=Agnew|first1=Susie|last2=Stewart|first2=Jackie|last3=Redgrave|first3=Steve|date=8 October 2014|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78333-250-2 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Norton ES, Beach SD, Gabrieli JD | title = Neurobiology of dyslexia | journal = Current Opinion in Neurobiology | volume = 30 | pages = 73–8 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25290881 | pmc = 4293303 | doi = 10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.007 | hdl = 1721.1/102416 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Serrallach B, Groß C, Bernhofs V, Engelmann D, Benner J, Gündert N, Blatow M, Wengenroth M, Seitz A, Brunner M, Seither S, Parncutt R, Schneider P, Seither-Preisler A | title = Neural Biomarkers for Dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Children | journal = Frontiers in Neuroscience | volume = 10 | page = 324 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27471442 | doi = 10.3389/fnins.2016.00324 | pmc = 4945653 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Shao S, Niu Y, Zhang X, Kong R, Wang J, Liu L, Luo X, Zhang J, Song R | title = Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 6 | article-number = 30454 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27464509 | pmc = 4964335 | doi = 10.1038/srep30454 | bibcode = 2016NatSR...630454S }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Brewer CC, Zalewski CK, King KA, Zobay O, Riley A, Ferguson MA, Bird JE, McCabe MM, Hood LJ, Drayna D, Griffith AJ, Morell RJ, Friedman TB, Moore DR | title = Heritability of non-speech auditory processing skills | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 24 | issue = 8 | pages = 1137–44 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26883091 | pmc = 4872837 | doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2015.277 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mascheretti S, De Luca A, Trezzi V, Peruzzo D, Nordio A, Marino C, Arrigoni F | title = Neurogenetics of developmental dyslexia: from genes to behavior through brain neuroimaging and cognitive and sensorial mechanisms | journal = Translational Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = e987 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28045463 | pmc = 5545717 | doi = 10.1038/tp.2016.240 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fraga González G, Žarić G, Tijms J, Bonte M, van der Molen MW | title = Contributions of Letter-Speech Sound Learning and Visual Print Tuning to Reading Improvement: Evidence from Brain Potential and Dyslexia Training Studies | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | page = 10 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28106790 | pmc = 5297299 | doi = 10.3390/brainsci7010010 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Rudov A, Rocchi MB, Accorsi A, Spada G, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Albertini MC | title = Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment | journal = Epigenetics | volume = 8 | issue = 10 | pages = 1023–9 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23949389 | pmc = 3891682 | doi = 10.4161/epi.26026 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Vágvölgyi R, Coldea A, Dresler T, Schrader J, Nuerk HC | title = A Review about Functional Illiteracy: Definition, Cognitive, Linguistic, and Numerical Aspects | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | volume = 7 | page = 1617 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27891100 | pmc = 5102880 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01617 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q132971|q=no|c=category:Dyslexia|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} {{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|lcheading=dyslexia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Dyslexia| ]] [[Category:Leeteracy]] [[Category:Learnin tae read]] [[Category:Speceefic developmental ails]] [[Category:Readin (process)|*Dyslexia]] [[Category:Wikipaedia medicin airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Wikipaedia neurology airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Writin]] g0cxlnx9dakcwdfpp116c99qtue4lkv 916815 916814 2026-05-15T00:55:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 916815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Dyslexia | synonyms = Readin ail | image = File:Dislexia nens.jpg | caption = Dyslexia involves difficulties in processin letters an wirds. | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|s|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|s|i|ə|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Dyslexia.wav}} {{respell|dis|LEK|see|ə}} | types = [[Surface dyslexia]] | field = [[Neurology]], [[pediatrics]] | symptoms = Trouble [[Readin (process)|readin]]<ref name="ninds1"/> | onset = Schuil age<ref name=Lancet2012/> | causes = [[Genetics|Genetic]] an environmental factors<ref name=Lancet2012 /> | risks = Faimily history, [[attention deficit hyperactivity ail]]<ref name=NIH2014Def/> | diagnosis = Series memory, spellin, veesion, an readin test<ref name=NIH2015Diag/> | differential = [[Hearin problems|Hearin]] or [[veesion problems]], insufficient [[Readin eddication|teachin]]<ref name=Lancet2012/> | treatment = Adjustin teachin methods<ref name=ninds1/> | frequency = 3–7%<ref name=Lancet2012/><ref name=Koo2013/> }} '''Dyslexia''', forby kent as '''wird blindness''', is a learnin disabeelity that affecks either readin or writin. Different fowk are affeckit tae different degrees. Problems mey include difficulties in spellin wirds, readin quickly, writin wirds, "soondin oot" wirds in the heid, pronouncin wirds whan readin alood an unnerstaundin whit ane reads. Aften thir difficulties are furst noticed at schuil. The difficulties are involuntary, an fowk wi this ail hae a normal desire tae learn. Fowk wi dyslexia hae heicher rates o attention deficit hyperactivity ail (ADHD), developmental leid ails, an difficulties wi nummers. Dyslexia is believed tae be caused bi the interaction o genetic an environmental factors. Some cases rin in faimilies. Dyslexia that develops owin tae a traumatic harn injury, stroke, or dementia is whiles cried "acquired dyslexia" or '''alexia'''. The unnerlyin mechanisms o dyslexia result frae differences athin the harn's leid processin. Dyslexia is diagnosed throu a series o tests o memory, veesion, spellin, an readin skeels. Dyslexia is separate frae readin difficulties caused bi hearin or veesion problems or bi insufficient teachin or opportunity tae learn. Treatment involves adjustin teachin methods tae meet the person's needs. Whiles nae curin the unnerlyin problem, it mey decrease the degree or impact o symptoms. Treatments targetin veesion are nae effective. Dyslexia is the maist common learnin disabeelity an occurs in aw areas o the warld. It affecks 3–7% o the population; houiver, up tae 20% o the general population mey hae some degree o symptoms. Whiles dyslexia is mair aften diagnosed in lads, this is pairtly exponed bi a sel-fulfillin referral bias amang teachers an professionals. It haes even been suggestit that the condeetion affecks men an wummen equally. Some believe that dyslexia is best considered as a different wey o learnin, wit baith benefits an dounsides. == Clessification == Dyslexia is dividit intae developmental an acquired forms. Acquired dyslexia occurs subsequent tae neurological insult, sic as traumatic harn injury or stroke. Fowk wi acquired dyslexia exhibit some o the signs or symptoms o the developmental ail, bit require different assessment strategies an treatment approaches. ''Pure alexia'', forby kent as ''agnosic alexia'' or ''pure wird blindness'', is ane form o alexia that maks up "the peripheral dyslexia" group. == Signs an symptoms == In early bairnheid, symptoms that correlate wi a later diagnosis o dyslexia include delayed onset o speech an a lack o phonological awareness. A common meeth closely associates dyslexia wi mirror writin an readin letters or wirds backwards. Thir behaviours are seen in mony bairn as thay learn tae read an write, an are nae considered tae be definin chairactereestics o dyslexia. Schuil-age bairn wi dyslexia mey exhibit signs o difficulty in identifyin or generatin rhymin wirds, or coontin the nummer o seellables in wirds—baith o that depend on phonological awareness. Thay mey forby shaw difficulty in segmentin wirds intae individual soonds (sic as soondin oot the three soonds o ''k'', ''a'', an ''t'' in ''cat'') or mey struggle tae blend soonds, indicatin reduced phonemic awareness. Difficulties wi wird retrieval or namin things is associatit wi dyslexia an aa. Fowk wi dyslexia are commonly puir spellers, a featur whiles cried ''dysorthographia'' or ''dysgraphia'', that depends on the skeel of orthographic codin. Problems persist intae adolescence an adultheid an mey include difficulties wi summarising stories, memorisation, readin alood, or learnin foreign leids. Adults wi dyslexia can aften read wi guid comprehension, thou thay tend tae read mair slawly nor ithers wioot a learnin difficulty an perform worse in spellin tests or whan readin nonsense wirds—a measure o phonological awareness. === Associatit condeetions === Dyslexia aften co-occurs wi ither learnin ails, bit the raisons fur this comorbidity hae nae been clearly identifee'd. Thir associatit disabeelities include: ; Dysgraphia : A ail involvin difficulties wi writin or typin, whiles owin tae problems wi ee–haund coordination; it can impede direction- or sequence-orientit processes an aa, sic as tyin knots or carryin oot repetitive tasks. In dyslexia, dysgraphia is aften multifactorial, owin tae impaired letter-writin automaticity, organisational an elaborative difficulties, an impaired veesual wird formin, that maks it mair difficult tae retrieve the veesual pictur o wirds required fur spellin. ; Attention deficit hyperactivity ail : A ail chairacterised bi problems sustainin attention, hyperactivity, or actin impulsively. Dyslexia an ADHA commonly occur thegither. Approximately 15% or 12–24% o fowk wi dyslexia hae ADHA; an up tae 35% o fowk wi ADHA hae dyslexia. ; Auditory processin ail : A listenin ail that affecks the abeelity tae process auditory information. This can lead tae problems wi auditory memory an auditory sequencin. Mony fowk wi dyslexia hae auditory processin problems, an mey develop thair awn logographic cues tae compensate fur this teep o deficit. Some resairch suggests that auditory processin skeels coud be the primary shortfaw in dyslexia. ; Developmental coordination ail : A neurological condeetion chairacterised bi difficulty in carryin oot routine tasks involvin balance, fine-motor control an kinesthetic coordination; difficulty in the uise o speech soonds; an problems wi short-term memory an organisation. == Causes == [[File:Inferior parietal lobule - superior view animation.gif|thumb|300px| Inferior parietal lobule – superior view animation]] Resairchers hae been tryin tae find the neurobiological basis o dyslexia syne the condeetion wis furst identifee'd in 1881. Fur ensaumple, some hae tree'd tae associate the common problem amang fowk wi dyslexia o nae bein able tae see letters clearly tae abnormal development o thair veesual nerve cells. === Neuroanatomy === Neuroimaging techniques, sic as functional magnetic resonance eemagin (fMRI) an positron emission tomography (PET), hae shawn a correlation atween baith functional an structural differences in the harns o bairn wi readin difficulties. Some fowk wi dyslexia shaw less activation in pairts o the left hemisphere o the harn involvit wi readin, sic as the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, an the middle an ventral temporal cortex. Meta-analyses o fMRI studies hae foond unner-activation whaur the temporal an occipital lobes meet in the left hemisphere in dyslexic subjecks (includin the veesual wird form area). Ower the past decade, harn activation studies uisin PET tae study leid hae produced a breakthrou in the unnerstaundin o the neural basis o leid. Neural bases fur the veesual lexicon an fur auditory verbal short-term memory components hae been proponed, wi some implication that the observed neural manifestation o developmental dyslexia is task-speceefic (i.e., functional raither nor structural). fMRIs o fowk wi dyslexia indicate an interactive role o the cerebellum an cerebral cortex as weel as ither harn structurs in readin. The cerebellar theory o dyslexia propones that impairment o cerebellum-controlled muscle muivement affecks the formation o wirds bi the tongue and facial muscles, resultin in the fluency problems that some fowk wi dyslexia experience. The cerebellum is involvit in the automatisation o some tasks an aa, sic as readin. The fact that some bairn wi dyslexia hae motor task an balance impairments coud be conseestent wi a cerebellar role in thair readin difficulties. Houiver, the cerebellar theory haes nae been supportit bi controlled resairch studies. === Genetics === Resairch intae potential genetic causes o dyslexia haes its ruits in post-autopsy examination o the harns o fowk wi dyslexia. Observed anatomical differences in the leid centres o sic harns include microscopic cortical malformations kent as ectopias, an mair rarely, vascular micro-malformations, an microgyrus—a smawer nor uisual size fur the gyrus. The previously citit studies an ithers suggest that abnormal cortical development, presumed tae occur afore or durin the saxt month o fetal harn development, mey have caused the abnormalities. Abnormal cell formations in fowk wi dyslexia hae forby been reportit in non-leid cerebral an subcortical harn structurs. Mony genes hae been associatit wi dyslexia, includin DCDC2 an KIAA0319 on chromosome 6, an DYX1C1 on chromosome 15. === Gene–environment interaction === The contreibution o gene–environment interaction tae readin (dis)abeelity, that estimates the proportion o variance (the differences in readin abeelity across individuals) attributable tae environmental an genetic factors, haes been studied extensively bi comparin sets o identical twins an fraternal twins. Sic twin studies shaw that baith environmental an genetic influences contreibute tae readin development, wi thir twa influences' kin impact varyin bi contex. Fur ensaumple, parental eddication haes been foond tae moderate genetic influences on readin (dis)abeelity, an teacher quality can moderate genetic effecks on early readin abeelity. Mairower, in mair supportive environments, genetic risk factors accoont fur a lairger proportion o the variation in dyslexia. This occurs acause reducin environmental risks—throu heich-quality instruction an supportive caregiein—lowers environmental differences, makin genetic effecks easier tae detect. If environmental risk factors are reduced wi guid teachin an a supportin caregier environment, genetic risk factors mey pley a muckler role in exponin why some fowk hae dyslexia acause the genetic effeck is easier tae detect gien that muckle environmental noise is bracketed-oot. As environment pleys a lairge role in learnin an memory, it is likly that epigenetic modifications pley an important role in readin abeelity. Measures o gene expression, histone modifications, an methylation in the bodie periphery are uised tae study epigenetic processes; houiver, aw o thir hae leemitations in the extrapolation o results fur application tae the bodie harn. ==== Leid ==== The orthographic complexity o a leid directly affecks hou difficult it is tae learn tae read it. Inglis an French hae comparatively "deep" phonemic orthographies athin the Laitin alphabet writin seestem, wi complex structurs employin spellin patterns on mony levels: letter-soond correspondence, seellables, an morphemes. Leids sic as Spainish, Italian an Finnish primarily employ letter-soond correspondence—sae-cried "shallae" orthographies—that maks thaim easier tae learn fur fowk wi dyslexia. Logographic writin seestems, sic as Cheenese chairacters, hae extensive seembol uise, an thir pose problems fur dyslexic learners an aa. ==Pathophysiology== [[File:Gray733.png|thumb|140px|Corpus callosum view, front pairt at tap o eemage]] Fur maist fowk wha are richt-haund dominant, the left hemisphere o thair harn is mair specialised fur leid processin. Wi regard tae the mechanism o dyslexia, fMRI studies suggest that this specialisation is less pronounced or absent in fowk wi dyslexia. In ither studies, dyslexia is correlatit wi anatomical differences in the corpus callosum, the bundle o nerve fibers that connects the left an richt hemispheres. Data via diffusion tensor MRI indicate chynges in connectivity or in gray maiter density in areas relatit tae readin an leid. Finally, the left inferior frontal gyrus haes shawn differences in phonological processin in fowk wi dyslexia. Neurophysiological an eemagin procedures are bein uised tae ascertain phenotypic chairactereestics in fowk wi dyslexia, thus identifyin the effecks o dyslexia-relatit genes. === Dual route theory === The dual-route theory o readin alood wis furst descrieved in the early 1970s. This theory suggests that twa separate mental mechanisms, or cognitive routes, are involvit in readin alood. Ane mechanism is the lexical route, that is the process whaurbi skeelt readers can recognise kent wirds bi sicht alane, throu a "dictionary" leukup procedure. The ither mechanism is the nonlexical or sublexical route, that is the process whaurbi the reader can "soond oot" a written wird. This is duin bi identifyin the wird's constituent pairts (letters, phonemes, graphemes) an applyin knawledge o hou thir pairts are associatit wi ilka ither — fur ensaumple, hou a string o neebourin letters soond thegither. The dual-route seestem coud expone the different rates o dyslexia occurrence atween different leids (e.g., the consistency o phonological rules in the Spainish leid coud accoont fur the fact that Spainish-speakin bairn shaw a heicher level o performance in non-wird readin, whan compared tae Inglis-speakers). == Diagnosis == Dyslexia is a heterogeneous, dimensional learnin ail that impairs accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin. Teepical—but nae universal—featurs include difficulties wi phonological awareness, inefficient an aften inaccurate processin o soonds in oral leid (''phonological processin''), an verbal wirkin memory deficits. Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental ail, subcategorisit in diagnostic guides as a ''learnin'' ''ail wi impairment in readin'' (ICD-11 prefixes "developmental" tae "learnin ail"; DSM-5 uises "speceefic"). Dyslexia is nae a problem wi intelligence. Emotional problems aften arise seicontary tae learnin difficulties. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke descrieves dyslexia as "difficulty wi phonological processin (the manipulation o soonds), spellin, an/or rapid veesual-verbal respondin". The Breetish Dyslexia Association defines dyslexia as "a learnin difficulty that maistly affecks the skeels involvit in accurate an fluent wird readin an spellin" an is chairacterised bi "difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory an verbal processin speed". ''Phonological awareness'' enables ane tae identify, discriminate, mynd (wirkin memory), an mentally manipulate the soond structurs o leid—phonemes, onsteid-rime segments, seellables, an wirds. === Assessment === The follaein can be duin tae assess fur dyslexia: Apply a multidisciplinary team approach involvin the bairn's parent(s) an teacher(s), schuil psychologist, pediatrician, an, as appropriate, speech an leid pathologist (speech therapist), an occupational therapist. Gain faimiliarity wi teepical ages bairn reach mony general developmental milestanes, an domain-speceefic milestanes, sic as phonological awareness (recognisin rhymin wirds; identifyin the initial soonds in wirds). Dinna rely on tests exclusively. Carefu observation o the bairn in the schuil an hame environments, an sensitive, comprehensive parental interviews are juist as important as tests. Leuk at the empirically supportit repone tae intervention (RTI) approach, that "... involves monitorin the progress o a group o bairn throu a programme o intervention raither nor unnertakin a static assessment o thair current skeels. Bairn wi the maist need are thaim wha fail tae respond tae effective teachin, an thay are readily identifee'd uisin this approach." ==== Assessment tests ==== Thare is a wide range o tests that are uised in clinical an eddicational settins tae evaluate the possibility o dyslexia. If initial testin suggests that a person micht hae dyslexia, sic tests are aften follaed up wi a fou diagnostic assessment tae determine the extent an naitur o the ail. Some tests can be admeenistered bi a teacher or computer; ithers require specialised trainin an are gien bi psychologists. Some test results indicate hou tae carry oot teachin strategies. Acause a variety o different cognitive, behavioural, emotional, an environmental factors aw coud contreibute tae difficulty learnin tae read, a comprehensive evaluation shoud consider thir different possibilities. Thir tests an observations can include: * General meisurs o cognitive abeelity, sic as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale fur Bairn, Woodcock-Johnson Tests o Cognitive Abeelities, or Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. Low general cognitive abeelity wad mak readin mair difficult. Cognitive abeelity meisurs aften try tae meisur different cognitive processes an aa, sic as verbal abeelity, nonverbal an spatial raisonin, wirkin memory, an processin speed. Thare are different versions o thir tests fur different age groups. Awmaist aw o thir require addeetional trainin tae gie an score correctly, an are duin bi psychologists. Accordin tae Mather an Schneider (2015), a confirmatory profile an/or pattern o scores on cognitive tests confirmin or rulin-oot readin ail haes nae yit been identifee'd. * Screenin or evaluation fur mental heal condeetions: Parents an teachers can complete ratin scales or behaviour checkleets tae gaither information aboot emotional an behavioural functionin fur yunger fowk. Mony checkleets hae seemilar versions fur parents, teachers, an yunger fowk auld eneuch tae read raisonably weel (aften 11 years an aulder) tae complete. Ensaumples include the Behavioural Assessment Seestem fur Bairn, an the Strenths an Difficulties Questionnaire. Aw o thir hae naitionally representative norms, makin it possible tae compare the level o symptoms tae whit wad be teepical fur the yunger person's age an biological sex. Ither checkleets link mair speceefically tae psychiatric diagnoses, sic as the Vanderbilt ADHD Ratin Scales or the Screen fur Bairn Anxiety Relatit Emotional Ail (SBAREA). Screenin uises brief tuils that are designed tae catch cases wi a ail, but thay aften get false positive scores fur fowk wha dae nae hae the ail. Screeners shoud be follaed up bi a mair accurate test or diagnostic interview as a result. Depressive ails an anxiety ails are two-three times heicher in fowk wi dyslexia, an attention-deficit/hyperactivity ail is mair common, as weel. * Review o academic achievement an skeels: Average spellin/readin abeelity fur a dyslexic is a percentage rankin <16, weel belaw normal. In addeetion tae reviewin grades an teacher notes, staundardised test results are helpfu in evaluatin progress. Thir include group admeenistered tests, sic as the Iowa Tests o Eddicational Development, that a teacher mey gie tae a group or hale clessruim o yunger fowk at the same time. Thay coud include individually admeenistered tests o achievement an aa, sic as the Wide Range Achievement Test, or the Woodcock-Johnson (that includes a set o achievement tests an aa). The individually admeenistered tests again require mair specialised trainin. == Screenin == Screenin procedures seek tae identify bairn wha shaw signs o possible dyslexia. In the preschuil years, a faimily history o dyslexia, pairticulairly in biological parents an siblins, predicts an eventual dyslexia diagnosis better nor ony test. In primary schuil (ages 5–7), the ideal screenin procedure consists o trainin primary schuil teachers tae carefully observe an record thair pupils' progress throu the phonics curriculum, an tharebi identify bairn progressin slawly. Whan teachers identify sic students thay can supplement thair observations wi screenin tests sic as the ''Phonics screenin check'' uised bi Unitit Kinrick schuils durin Year 1. In the medical settin, bairn an adolescent psychiatrist M. S. Thambirajah emphasises that "[g]ien the heich prevalence o developmental ails in schuil-aged bairn, aw bairn seen in clinics shoud be seestematically screened fur developmental ails irrespective o the presentin problem/s." Thambirajah recommends screenin fur developmental ails, includin dyslexia, bi conductin a brief developmental history, a preliminary psychosocial developmental examination, an obtainin a schuil report regardin academic an social functionin. == Management == Throu the uise o compensation strategies, therapy an eddicational support, individuals wi dyslexia can learn tae read an write. Thare are techniques an technical aids that help tae manage or conceal symptoms o the ail. Reducin stress an anxiety can whiles impruive written comprehension. Fur dyslexia intervention wi alphabet-writin seestems, the fundamental aim is tae increase a bairn's awareness o correspondences atween graphemes (letters) an phonemes (soonds), an tae relate thir tae readin an spellin bi teaching hou soonds blend intae wirds. Reinforced collateral trainin focused on readin an spellin mey yield langer-lastin gains nor oral phonological trainin alane. Early intervention can be successfu in reducin readin failur. Resairch daes nae suggest that specially-tailored fonts (sic as Dyslexie an OpenDyslexic) help wi readin. In experiments, a mair signeeficant difference in readin performance wis driven bi interline spacin, an the difference wis nae signeeficant ance variables sic as interline spacin an x-hicht wis normalised atween the candidate fonts. Bairn wi dyslexia read tex set in a regular font sic as Times New Roman an Arial juist as quickly, an thay shaw a preference fur regular fonts ower specially-tailored fonts. Some resairch haes pyntit tae increased letter-spacin bein beneficial. Thare is currently nae evidence shawin that muisic eddication signeeficantly impruives the readin skeels o adolescents wi dyslexia. == Prognosis == Dyslexic bairn require special instruction fur wird analysis an spellin frae an early age. The prognosis, generally speakin, is positive fur individuals wha are identifee'd in bairnheid an receive support frae freends an faimily. The New York eddicational seestem (NYED) indicates "a daily uninterruptit 90-meenit block o instruction in readin" an "instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary development, readin fluency" sae as tae impruive the individual's readin abeelity. == Epidemiology == The prevalence o dyslexia is unkent, but it haes been estimatit tae be as low as 5% an as heich as 17% o the population. Dyslexia is diagnosed mair aften in males. Thare are different defineetions o dyslexia uised throuoot the warld. Further, differences in writin seestems mey affeck development o written leid abeelity owin tae the interpley atween auditory an written representations o phonemes. Dyslexia is nae limitit tae difficulty in convertin letters tae soonds, an Cheenese fowk wi dyslexia mey hae difficulty convertin Cheenese chairacters intae thair meanins. The Cheenese vocabulary uises logographic, monographic, non-alphabet writin whaur ane chairacter can represent an individual phoneme. The phonological-processin hypothesis attempts tae expone why dyslexia occurs in a wide variety o leids. Furthermair, the relationship atween phonological capacity an readin appears tae be influenced bi orthography. == History == Dyslexia wis clinically descrieved bi Oswald Berkhan in 1881, but the term ''dyslexia'' wis coined in 1883 bi Rudolf Berlin, an ophthalmologist in Stuttgart. He uised the term tae refer tae the case o a yung lad wha haed severe difficulty learnin tae read an write, in maugre o shawin teepical intelligence an pheesical abeelities in aw ither respects. In 1896, W. Pringle Morgan, a Breetish physeecian frae Seaford, East Sussex, published a description o a readin-speceefic learnin ail in a report tae the ''British Medical Journal'' titled "Congenital Word Blindness". The distinction atween phonological versus surface teeps o dyslexia is anly descriptive, an wioot ony etiological assumption as tae the unnerlyin harn mechanisms. Houiver, studies hae alludit tae potential differences owin tae variation in performance. Ower time, the consensus haes chynged frae an intelligence-based model tae an age-based model fur dyslexia . == Society an cultur == As is the case wi ony ail, society aften maks an assessment based on incomplete information. Afore the 1980s, dyslexia wis thoucht tae be a consequence o eddication, raither nor a neurological disabeelity. As a result, society aften misjudges thaim wi the ail. Thare is whiles a wirkplace stigma an negative attitude towards thir wi dyslexia an aa. If the instructors o a person wi dyslexia lack the necessary trainin tae support a bairn wi the condeetion, thare is aften a negative effeck on the student's learnin pairteecipation. Syne at least the 1960s in the UK, the bairn diagnosed wi developmental dyslexia hae consistently been frae privileged faimilies. Awthou hauf o preesoners in the UK hae signeeficant readin difficulties, gey few hae iver been evaluatit fur dyslexia. Access tae some special eddicational resoorces an fundin is contingent upon haein a diagnosis o dyslexia. As a result, whan Staffordshire an Warwickshire proponed in 2018 tae teach readin tae aw bairn wi readin difficulties, uisin techniques proven tae be successfu fur maist bairn wi a diagnosis o dyslexia, wioot furst requirin the faimilies tae obteen an offeecial diagnosis, dyslexia advocates an parents o bairn wi dyslexia wur fearfu that thay wur losin a privileged status. === Stigma an success === Owin tae the mony cognitive processes that dyslexia affecks an the owerwhelmin societal stigma athort the disabeelity, individuals wi dyslexia aften employ behaviours o sel-stigma an perfectionistic sel-presentation in order tae cope wi thair disabeelity. The perfectionist sel-presentation is whan an individual attempts tae present thaimsels as the perfect ideal eemage an hides ony imperfections. This behaviour presents serious risk as it aften results in mental heal issues an refusal tae seek help fur thair disabeelity. == Resairch == [[File:Writing Systems Template Image.svg|thumb|120px|Writin seestems]] Maist dyslexia resairch relates tae alphabetic writin seestems, an inspecially tae European leids. Houiver, substantial resairch is forby available regardin fowk wi dyslexia wha spik Arabic, Cheenese, Hebrew, or ither leids. The ootward expression o individuals wi readin disabeelity, an regular peer readers, is the same in sum respects. == See an aw == * Dyscalculia, difficulty comprehendin nummers an math * Learnin tae read * Orton-Gillingham * Structured literacy * Leet o fowk wi dyslexia == References == {{Reflist}} == Further readin == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Ramus F, Altarelli I, Jednoróg K, Zhao J, Scotto di Covella L | title = Neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: Pitfalls and promise | journal = Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | volume = 84 | pages = 434–452 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 28797557 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.001 | s2cid = 33176236 }} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wMR4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia, Reading and the Brain: A Sourcebook of Psychological and Biological Research|first = Alan | last = Beaton |date=14 October 2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-135-42275-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OywcklCBPkC&pg=PP1|title=Fifty Years in Dyslexia Research| first = Thomas Richard | last = Miles |date=4 August 2006|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-02747-9|author-link=Thomas Richard Miles}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=szJZ1LDQv7YC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia in Context: Research, Policy and Practice| vauthors = Reid G, Fawcett A |date=12 May 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-77801-2}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Jbvue2kNdYC&pg=PP1|title=The Psychology of Dyslexia: A Handbook for Teachers with Case Studies|first = Michael | last = Thomson |date=18 March 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-74197-9}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFh4kCrMbK4C&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia| first = Gavin | last = Reid |date=17 March 2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-6585-5|edition=3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2xdsMJ1MWgC&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties| first = Mark | last = Selikowitz |date=2 July 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969177-7}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgXsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Reading, Writing and Dyslexia: A Cognitive Analysis| first = Andrew W. | last = Ellis |date=25 February 2014|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-317-71630-3}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lz2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=The Dyslexia Debate| vauthors = Elliott JG, Grigorenko EL |date=24 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-11986-3|author-link=Julian Elliott}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXe6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|title=Dyslexia and Us: A collection of personal stories|last1=Agnew|first1=Susie|last2=Stewart|first2=Jackie|last3=Redgrave|first3=Steve|date=8 October 2014|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78333-250-2 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Norton ES, Beach SD, Gabrieli JD | title = Neurobiology of dyslexia | journal = Current Opinion in Neurobiology | volume = 30 | pages = 73–8 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25290881 | pmc = 4293303 | doi = 10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.007 | hdl = 1721.1/102416 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Serrallach B, Groß C, Bernhofs V, Engelmann D, Benner J, Gündert N, Blatow M, Wengenroth M, Seitz A, Brunner M, Seither S, Parncutt R, Schneider P, Seither-Preisler A | title = Neural Biomarkers for Dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Children | journal = Frontiers in Neuroscience | volume = 10 | page = 324 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27471442 | doi = 10.3389/fnins.2016.00324 | pmc = 4945653 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Shao S, Niu Y, Zhang X, Kong R, Wang J, Liu L, Luo X, Zhang J, Song R | title = Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 6 | article-number = 30454 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27464509 | pmc = 4964335 | doi = 10.1038/srep30454 | bibcode = 2016NatSR...630454S }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Brewer CC, Zalewski CK, King KA, Zobay O, Riley A, Ferguson MA, Bird JE, McCabe MM, Hood LJ, Drayna D, Griffith AJ, Morell RJ, Friedman TB, Moore DR | title = Heritability of non-speech auditory processing skills | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 24 | issue = 8 | pages = 1137–44 | date = August 2016 | pmid = 26883091 | pmc = 4872837 | doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2015.277 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Mascheretti S, De Luca A, Trezzi V, Peruzzo D, Nordio A, Marino C, Arrigoni F | title = Neurogenetics of developmental dyslexia: from genes to behavior through brain neuroimaging and cognitive and sensorial mechanisms | journal = Translational Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = e987 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28045463 | pmc = 5545717 | doi = 10.1038/tp.2016.240 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Fraga González G, Žarić G, Tijms J, Bonte M, van der Molen MW | title = Contributions of Letter-Speech Sound Learning and Visual Print Tuning to Reading Improvement: Evidence from Brain Potential and Dyslexia Training Studies | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | page = 10 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28106790 | pmc = 5297299 | doi = 10.3390/brainsci7010010 | doi-access = free }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Rudov A, Rocchi MB, Accorsi A, Spada G, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Albertini MC | title = Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment | journal = Epigenetics | volume = 8 | issue = 10 | pages = 1023–9 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23949389 | pmc = 3891682 | doi = 10.4161/epi.26026 }} * {{cite journal | vauthors = Vágvölgyi R, Coldea A, Dresler T, Schrader J, Nuerk HC | title = A Review about Functional Illiteracy: Definition, Cognitive, Linguistic, and Numerical Aspects | journal = Frontiers in Psychology | volume = 7 | page = 1617 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27891100 | pmc = 5102880 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01617 | doi-access = free }} {{refend}} == Fremmit airtins == {{sister project links|d=Q132971|q=no|c=category:Dyslexia|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}} {{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|lcheading=dyslexia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Dyslexia| ]] [[Category:Leeteracy]] [[Category:Learnin tae read]] [[Category:Speceefic developmental ails]] [[Category:Readin (process)|*Dyslexia]] [[Category:Wikipaedia medicin airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Wikipaedia neurology airticles ready tae owerset]] [[Category:Writin]] a06uvyjth23pni4ljqppohpxo4slbgg Mai Vũ Minh 0 233463 916806 916801 2026-05-14T13:54:06Z CiphriusKane 74958 Remuivin owerly puffy/promotional stuff. Nae shuir gif the soorces presentit is reliable. Notin as weel aat the enwiki airticle wis deletit in 2024 916806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mai Vu Minh''' is a umwhile Vietnamese memmer o the [[Naitional Assembly o Vietnam|Naitional Assembly]], a billionaire investor, an philanthropist. Minh hae likweys wirkit wi the govrenments o [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae]], [[Serbie]], an [[Dubai]] on investment initiatives.<ref name=":0" /> He is chair o the Board o Directors o SATAS Group an Sapa Thale Group, a multinaitional conglomerate heidquarter in the Unitit States, Germany, an Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Forbes |date=2024-09-13 |title=Billionaire Mai Vu Minh: Leading Global Collaboration for Sustainable Development - Forbes Morocco |url=https://forbesmorocco.com/2024/09/13/mai-vu-minh-leading-global-collaboration-for-sustainable-development/ |access-date=2026-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Billionaire Mai Vũ Minh a symbol of innovation and creativity |url=https://en.qdnd.vn/ovs/ovs-homeland/billionaire-mai-vu-minh-a-symbol-of-innovation-and-creativity-566962 |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=en.qdnd.vn |language=vi-vn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=en.baochinhphu.vn |date=2018-12-14 |title=VN to lure more investment from UAE |url=https://en.baochinhphu.vn/vn-to-lure-more-investment-from-uae-11133967.htm |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=en.baochinhphu.vn |language=vi}}</ref> == Career == He is chair o the Board o Directors o SATAS Group an Sapa Thale Group.<ref name="newsweek.ro">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-27 |title=Europa recâștigă încrederea investitorilor datorită planului de stimulare economică fără precedent {{!}} Newsweek Romania |url=https://newsweek.ro/economie/europa-recastiga-increderea-investitorilor-datorita-planului-de-stimulare-economica-fara-precedent |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=newsweek.ro |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, he wis electit as a fowk's deputy tae the [[Naitional Assembly o Vietnam]] an servit on the economics committee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=daibieunhandan.vn |title=Thị trường |url=https://daibieunhandan.vn/kinh-te-phat-trien/ |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Báo Đại biểu Nhân dân |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Phó nhân dân Mai Vũ Minh |url=https://daibieunhandan.vn/lap-phap/vphong-tham-giago34 |website=Daibieunhandan.vn}}</ref> In 2018, he signed a bilateral investment cooperation greement wi the [[Dubai Investment Fund|Dubai Investment Development]] Agency (DUBAI FDI) an the [[Warld Association o Investment Promotion Agencies]] (WAIPA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=Implementing investment cooperation between SAPA Thale and Dubai's leading enterprises - SAPA THALE Group |url=https://sapathale.com/news/implementing-investment-cooperation-between-sapa-thale-and-dubais-leading-enterprises.sptl |access-date=2026-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="financialexpress.com" /> This greement focused on billion-dollar investment projecks atween Vietnam an the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Billionaire Mai Vũ Minh steps up investment in Asia and Europe |url=https://vietnamnews.vn/media-outreach/524101/billionaire-mai-vu-minh-steps-up-investment-in-asia-and-europe.html |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=vietnamnews.vn |language=en}}</ref> Minh hae likweys wirkit wi the govrenments o [[Bosnie an Herzegovinae]], [[Serbie]], an Dubai on seevral investment initiatives.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Vietnam |date=2019-12-31 |title=Vietnamese-origin billionaire becomes Senior Advisor of Bosnian President |url=https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/vietnamese-origin-billionaire-becomes-senior-advisor-of-bosnian-president-17445.html |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Vietnam Times |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, he met wi Bosnie an Herzegovinae Preses Milorad Dodik, Serbie Deputy Prime Meenister an Foreign Meenister Ivica Dačić, an Republika Srpska Preses Željka Cvijanović as pairt o the "Bilateral investment cooperation atween SAPA THALE group an the govrenment an leadin businesses o Bosnie–Herzegovinae" programme.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) |date=2019-08-22 |title=Bosnia-Herzegovina President meets billionaire Mai Vũ Minh |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/post-158276.vnp |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2019 |title=The President of the Republic of Srpska spoke with the president of the Sapa Thale Group (Sapa Thale Group) |url=https://www.predsjednikrs.rs/en/the-president-of-the-republic-of-srpska-spoke-with-the-president-of-the-sapa-thale-group-sapa-thale-group/ |website=President of the Republic of Srpska}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Vietnamese businessfowk]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] r3jxrona2f3ymho77v1iu8mjvnjuenn Uiser collogue:~2026-29291-21 3 233467 916822 2026-05-15T10:22:42Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 916822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-29291-21|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 10:22, 15 Mey 2026 (UTC) rfc33penaf4fweookrq2pmxbjzvtlit