Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1848 918822 907441 2026-06-26T23:37:17Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in templates 918822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}[[File:United Kingdom 30mph speed limit reminder sign.jpg|thumb|Speed leemit sign showin 30 kilometres per oor (km/h).]] [[File:World Speed Limits.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Highest speed leemits aroond the warld. Roond signs show [[kilometres per oor]] an rectangular signs show [[miles per oor]].]] [[File:World Map of Speed Limit Units on Traffic Signs.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Speed leemit units on [[traffec sign]]s aroond the warld: {{legend|#005ce6|Kilometres per oor (km/h)}} {{legend|#ff8000|Miles per oor (mph)}} {{legend|#22b14c|Both}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|No speed leemit units}} ]] A '''speed leemit''' is the maximum speed allout bi [[law]] for [[vehicle]]s on a [[road]]. Speed leemits are for ordinar merkit wi a [[traffec sign]]. Speed leemit signs are aften shawn naur poleetical mairchs an road intersections, an in some cases speed leemit signs kythe at raiglar intervals. Poleetical mairchs can reenge frae kintra mairchs tae ceity leemits. (Forbye, an axiom o [[Einstein]]'s relativity theories states that the '''speed leemit''' o the [[Universe]] is the [[speed o licht]] in a vacuum, i.e. 299,792,458 metres per second.) {{Commonscat|Speed limit signs}}{{Stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Speed Limit}} [[Category:Road speed leemit|*]] [[Category:Law enforcement]] [[Category:Road safety]] [[Category:Road Traffec management]] [[Category:Traffec law]] 251f39xll8brebdkv4bhu9hnd9if6jv 918834 918822 2026-06-27T01:08:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}[[File:United Kingdom 30mph speed limit reminder sign.jpg|thumb|Speed leemit sign showin 30 kilometres per oor (km/h).]] [[File:World Speed Limits.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Heichest speed leemits aroond the warld. Roond signs shaw [[kilometres per oor]] an rectangular signs shaw [[miles per oor]].]] [[File:World Map of Speed Limit Units on Traffic Signs.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Speed leemit units on [[traffec sign]]s aroond the warld: {{legend|#005ce6|Kilometres per oor (km/h)}} {{legend|#ff8000|Miles per oor (mph)}} {{legend|#22b14c|Baith}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|Nae speed leemit units}} ]] A '''speed leemit''' is the maximum speed allout bi [[law]] for [[vehicle]]s on a [[road]]. Speed leemits are for ordinar merkit wi a [[traffec sign]]. Speed leemit signs are aften shawn naur poleetical mairchs an road intersections, an in some cases speed leemit signs kythe at raiglar intervals. Poleetical mairchs can reenge frae kintra mairchs tae ceity leemits. (Forbye, an axiom o [[Einstein]]'s relativity theories states that the '''speed leemit''' o the [[Universe]] is the [[speed o licht]] in a vacuum, i.e. 299,792,458 metres per second.) {{Commonscat|Speed limit signs}}{{Stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Speed Limit}} [[Category:Road speed leemit|*]] [[Category:Law enforcement]] [[Category:Road safety]] [[Category:Road Traffec management]] [[Category:Traffec law]] 307izfz5bqmkhcu8uuwa5ayzam26i2c 0 4571 918815 917279 2026-06-26T19:05:30Z ~2026-36874-11 133463 /* */ 918815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney 2029 | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the state capital o [[New Sooth Wales]] an the mucklemaist an maist populous city in [[Austrailie]]. Sydney is locatit on Austrailie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The city is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] that is aft kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan area is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the kenspecklt [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the city are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} hnqd8nqqkvjmvjvo3jnlbviot3bkpfc 918816 918815 2026-06-26T19:07:25Z Divinations 114537 Revertit edit o ~2026-36874-11, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 917277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Australian place | type = city | name = Sydney | state = nsw | image = Sydney Skyline - panoramio (7).jpg | caption = [[Sydney Harbour]] (landmarks include [[Sydney Tower]], [[Fort Denison]], [[The Domain]], [[Sydney Opera House]] an [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]) | image_alt = | image2 = Free vector map of Sydney city Australia Level 12.svg | image2_alt = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | caption2 = Map o the Sydney metropolitan aurie | coordinates = {{coord|33|51|54|S|151|12|34|E|display=inline,title}} | force_national_map = yes | pop = 5005400 | pop_year = 2016 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSA">{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15:ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION – Greater Capital City Statistical Areas (GCCSAs)|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|accessdate=30 March 2017|archive-date=2012-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327212358/http://www8.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/28F51C010D29BFC9CA2575A0002126CC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}} Estimated resident population, 30 June 2016.</ref> | poprank = 1st | density = 400 | density_footnotes = (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2014–15: New South Wales: Population Density|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=31 March 2016|archive-date=2016-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405011204/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/3218.0Main%20Features202014-15?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3218.0&issue=2014-15&num=&view=|url-status=dead}}</ref> | established = [[Australia Day|26 Januar]] 1788 | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|title=Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|work=2011 Census Community Profiles|date=28 March 2013|format=xls|accessdate=9 April 2014|archive-date=2022-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107230439/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/%24File/BCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement|url-status=dead}}</ref> | timezone = [[Australie Eastren Staundart Time|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Australie Eastren Daylicht Time|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 877 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Melbourne | dist2 = 923 | dir2 = S | location2 = Brisbane | dist3 = 287 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Canberra | dist4 = 3936 | dir4 = E | location4 = Perth | dist5 = 1404 | dir5 = E | location5 = Adelaide | lga = [[:en:Sydney#Government|various]] (31) | county = [[:en:Cumberland County, New South Wales|Cumberland]] | division = | stategov = [[:en:Electoral districts of New South Wales|various]] (49) | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|various]] (24) | maxtemp = 22.5 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 December 2016}}</ref> | mintemp = 14.5 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | rainfall = 1222.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name=metdata/> | footnotes = '''Coordinates''':<ref>{{NSW GNR|id=TRlpoerXGH|title=Sydney|accessdate=28 February 2015}}</ref> }} '''Sydney''' is the state capital o [[New Sooth Wales]] an the mucklemaist an maist populous city in [[Austrailie]]. Sydney is locatit on Austrailie's sooth-east coast o the [[Tasman Sea]]. Inhabitants o Sydney are cried Sydneysiders, comprisin a cosmopolitan an internaitional population o fowk frae numerous places aroond the warld. The steid o the first [[Breetish colony]] in Australie, Sydney wis established in 1788 at [[Sydney Cove]] bi [[Arthur Phillip]], commodore o the [[First Fleet]] as a [[penal colony]]. The city is biggit on hills surroondin [[Port Jackson]] that is aft kent as Sydney Harbour, whaur the iconic [[Sydney Opera Hoose]] an the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge|Harbour Bridge]] featur prominently. The hinterland o the metropolitan area is surroondit bi [[naitional pairks]], an the coastal regions feature mony bays, rivers, inlets an [[Beaches in Sydney|beaches]] includin the kenspecklt [[Bondi Beach]]. Athin the city are mony notable pairks, includin [[Hyde Park, Sydney|Hyde Park]] an the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney|Royal Botanic Gardens]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Ceeties o Australie}} [[Category:Sydney| ]] [[Category:Ceeties in New Sooth Wales]] [[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1788]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Coastal ceeties in Australie]] [[Category:Australie caipital ceeties]] {{Stub/Antip}} {{Stub/Ceity}} bem7a9q22k1mune99yr0792istjiaos 0 36759 918809 882788 2026-06-26T13:20:54Z ~2026-36737-10 133453 /* */ California was misspelled 918809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tennis biography |name= Tracy Austin |image= Austin 2009 US Open 02.jpg |country= {{USA}} |residence= [[Rolling Hills, California]] |birth_date= {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962| 12|12}} |birth_place= [[Palos Verdes]], Californie, U.S. |height= 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) |weight= 120 lb (54.4&nbsp;kg) |turnedpro= 23 October 1978 |retired= Julie 1994 |plays= Right-handed<br>(two-handed backhand) |careerprizemoney= US$2,092,380 |tennishofyear=1992 |tennishofid=tracy-austin |singlesrecord= 335–90 (78.82%) |singlestitles= 30 |highestsinglesranking= No. 1 (1980) |AustralianOpenresult= QF (1981) |FrenchOpenresult= QF (1982, 1983) |Wimbledonresult= SF (1979, 1980) |USOpenresult= '''W''' ([[:en:1979 US Open – Women's Singles|1979]], [[:en:1981 US Open – Women's Singles|1981]]) |doublesrecord= 13–16 |doublestitles= 4 |highestdoublesranking= |updated= N/A }} '''Tracy Ann Austin Holt''' (born 12 December 1962, in [[Palos Verdes]], California) is an umwhile [[:en:List of WTA number 1 ranked players|Warld No. 1]] profeesional tennis player frae the Unitit States who wan the women's singles title at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] in 1979 an 1981 an the mixed doubles title at [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] in 1980. Syne 1979, she haes held the record as youngest iver US Open female singles champion an is the youngest inductee o aw time in the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]]. ==Career== ===1979 tae 1980=== Austin defeatit 35-year-auld [[Billie Jean King]] in the quairterfinals o Wimbledon in 1979 6–4, 6–7, 6–2 afore luisin tae [[Martina Navratilova]] in straicht sets in the semifeenals. Austin then became the youngest ever US Open champion, agit 16 years an 9 month. In the feenal, she faced [[Chris Evert]] who wis biddin tae win the title for the fift consecutive year: Austin won the match 6–4, 6–3. Earlier that year, Austin haed endit Evert's 125-match winnin streak on [[clay court|clay]] bi beatin her in three sets in a semifeenal o the [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Italian Open]]. Austin lost in the semifeenals o baith Grand Slam tournaments she played in 1980. [[Evonne Goolagong Cawley]], seedit fowert an the eventual champion, defeatit Austin 6–3, 0–6, 6–4 at Wimbledon. As the tap seed an defendin champion at the US Open, Austin wis expectit tae extend her five-match winnin streak against third-rankit Evert. Austin racit tae a 4–0 lead in the first set afore Evert wan 16 o the feenal 20 gemmes tae tak the match 4–6, 6–1, 6–1. Evert went on tae beat [[Hana Mandlíková]] in the feenal, sicweys securin for hersel the year-endin Warld No. 1 rankin. Austin wis rankit the Warld No. 1 singles player at times durin 1980/81, pairtly acause she captured the twa sponsors' tour-endin events, defeatin Navrátilová tae win the [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]] in Mairch an [[Andrea Jaeger]] tae captur the Colgate Series Championships in Januar 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournoi_du_New_Jersey|title=Colgate Series Championships|accessdate=June 25, 2009|archive-date=2012-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108045008/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournoi_du_New_Jersey|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Austin wan the Wimbledon [[mixed doubles (tennis)|mixed doubles]] title wi her brither [[John Austin (tennis)|John]], becomin the first brither an sister team iver tae win a Grand Slam title thegither. ===1981 tae 1987=== Durin the first fower month o 1981, Austin played anerlie twa events acause o chronic injuries. On [[grass court|grass]], she wan the tournament in [[International Women's Open|Eastbourne, Unitit Kinrick]] athoot luisin a set afore [[Pam Shriver]] beat her in a Wimbledon quairterfinal 7–5, 6–4. Austin then wan 26 consecutive matches an fower consecutive tournaments. She defeatit Shriver in the final o the tournament in [[:fr:Classic de San Diego|San Diego]] an, three weeks later, she beat baith Navrátilová an Evert in straicht sets tae win the [[Canadian Open (tennis)|Canadian Open]] in Toronto. As the third-seedit player at the US Open, Austin defeatit fowert-seedit Navrátilová in the feenal 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1). Navrátilová, housomeivver, endit Austin's winnin streak in the feenal o the [[US Indoors|U.S. Indoor Championships]]. In Europe durin the hairst, Austin lost tae [[Sue Barker]] in the quairterfeenals o the tournament in [[Brighton International|Brighton, Unitit Kinrick]] but recovered the follaein week tae defeat Navrátilová in the final o the tournament in [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Stuttgart, Wast Germany]]. At the feenal Grand Slam tournament o the year, Austin wis seedit seicont but lost tae saxt-seedit Shriver in the Australian Open quairterfeenals 7–5, 7–6. The 1981 year-endin [[:fr:Tournoi du New Jersey|Toyota Series Championships]] featurt twa matches against Evert an ane against Navrátilová. Evert wan her roond robin match wi Austin 4–6, 6–4, 7–6, afore Austin demolished Evert in a baseline slugfest in thair semifeenal 6–1, 6–2. Austin then wan the tournament wi a three-set defeat o Navrátilová. Austin wis the first opponent o [[Steffi Graf]] when the German made her professional debut at the [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix]] in [[Stuttgart]] in 1982. Austin defeatit the 13-year-auld Graf 6–4, 6–0. Back injuries an recurrin [[sciatica]] then began tae impair Austin's effectiveness an sidelined her for lang stretches. King, seedit twalt, upset third-seedit Austin in the 1982 Wimbledon quairterfeenals 3–6, 6–4, 6–2. Several weeks later, housomeivver, Austin wan her 30t an feenal tap-level singles title in San Diego. Austin's last guid showin at a major event wis at the 1982 saison-endin Toyota Series Championships whare she defeatit Jaeger, the Warld No. 3, in straucht sets tae reach the semifeenals. Housomeivver, she wis unable tae repeat the previous year's victory ower Evert, who defeatit Austin 6–0, 6–0 in less nor 50 minutes. Bi 1983, afore her 21st birthday, Austin wis virtually finished as a tap ten player. ===1988 tae 1994=== Austin began her first comeback on the tour in 1988, when she played in seiven doubles tournaments, an in 1989, when she played in ane doubles an twa singles tournaments. This comeback wis endit bi a near-fatal motor vehicle accident on 3 August 1989. She attempted a seicont comeback in 1993 an 1994 but wis no pairticularly successfu, an she retired frae profeesional tennis in Julie 1994. In 1994, at the [[BNP Paribas Open|Evert Cup]] in [[Indian Wells, Californie]] Austin, in the middle o her comeback, played Graf, who wis Warld No. 1 at the time. This pruivit tae be a lopsidit encoonter, wi Graf beatin Austin 6–0, 6–0. In 1992, Austin became the youngest person tae be inducted intae the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]], at the age o 29. ==Family life an wirk as a tennis commentator== Tracy's aulder sister, Pam, an her aulder bruther, Jeff, wur profeesional tennis players an aw, as war brithers Doug an [[John Austin (tennis)|John]]. She is the sister-in-law o fitness author [[Denise Austin]]. She is marriet tae Scott Holt an is the mither o three sons, Sean, Brandon, an Dylan. As a bairn, Tracy livit next door tae Air Force Colonel Keith Lindell who wis responsible for the trainin o the oreeginal seiven [[Project Mercury]] astronauts. Syne reteerin as a player, Austin haes wirkit as a commentator for [[NBC]] an the [[USA Network]] for the French Open an the US Open. She wirkit for the [[Seven Network]], who broadcast the Australian Open an uisually pairticipates in the [[BBC]]'s Wimbledon coverage. She began wirkin for Tennis Channel in 2010 an jynt thair US Open team. Austin haes wirkit for Canadian telly for thair coverage o the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] syne 2004. ==Major feenals== ===Grand Slam feenals=== ====Singles: 2 (2 titles, 0 runner-ups)==== {| class="wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Championship''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |-bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || [[1979 U.S. Open - Women's Singles|1979]] || [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] || Haurd || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] || 6–4, 6–3 |-bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || [[1981 U.S. Open - Women's Singles|1981]] || US Open ||Haurd || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] || 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1) |} ====Mixed doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)==== {| class="wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="150"|'''Championship''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Pairtner''' |width="200"|'''Opponents in the final''' |width="150"|'''Score in the final''' |-bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1980 || [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || Grass || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[John Austin (tennis)|John Austin]] || [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Dianne Fromholtz]]<br>[[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Mark Edmondson]] || 4–6, 7–6(6), 6–3 |-bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up || 1981 || Wimbledon || Grass ||[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] John Austin || [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]] [[Betty Stöve]]<br>[[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg|20px]] [[Frew McMillan]] || 4–6, 7–6(2), 6–3 |} ===Year-End Championships feenals=== ====Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)==== {| class="sortable wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Location''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |- | bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up || 1979 || New York Ceety || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]]|| 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 |- | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1980 || New York Ceety || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova || 6–2, 2–6, 6–2 |} ===Toyota Championships feenals=== ====Singles: 1 (1 title)==== {| class="sortable wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Location''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |- | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1981 || East Rutherford || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] || 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 |} ==Titles (35)== ===Singles (30)=== {| width=43% | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" !Legend |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] (2) |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | WTA Championships (1) |} | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |'''Titles bi Surface''' |- | Haurd (12) |- | Clay (3) |- | Grass (2) |- | Carpet (13) |} |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" |'''No.''' |'''Date''' |'''Location''' |'''Surface''' |'''Opponent in the final''' |'''Score in the final''' |- | 1. | 3 Januar 1977 | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[:fr:Stacy Margolin|Stacy Margolin]] | 6–7, 6–3, 4–1 ret. |- | 2. | 23 October 1978 | [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Filderstadt, Wast Germany]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]] [[Betty Stöve]] | 6–3, 6–3 |- | 3. | 2 November 1978 | [[:fr:Classic du Japon|Tokyo, Japan (Gunze Warld Tennis)]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] | 6–1, 6–1 |- | 4. | 1 Januar 1979 | [[Virginia Slims of Washington|Washington, D.C., USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–3, 6–2 |- | 5. | 9 Aprile 1979 | [[Family Circle Cup|Hilton Heid Island, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Kerry Reid]] | 7–6, 7–6 |- | 6. | 7 Mey 1979 | [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Roum, Italy]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Sylvia Hanika]] | 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 |- | 7. | 30 Julie 1979 | [[San Diego Open (tennis)|San Diego, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–4, 6–2 |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | 8. | 27 August 1979 | [[1979 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open, New York Ceety]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] | 6–4, 6–3 |- | 9. | 5 November 1979 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 10. | 10 December 1979 | [[Lion's Cup|Tokyo, Japan (Emeron Cup)]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 11. | 7 Januar 1980 | [[Wastren & Soothren Financial Group Masters an Weemen's Open|Cincinnati, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Chris Evert | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 12. | 28 Januar 1980 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Seattle|Seattle, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] [[Virginia Wade]] | 6–2, 7–6 |- | 13. | 10 Mairch 1980 | [[Virginia Slims of Boston|Boston, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] Virginia Wade | 6–2, 6–1 |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | 14. | 17 Mairch 1980 | [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]], New York Ceety | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–2, 2–6, 6–2 |- | 15. | 29 Mairch 1980 | [[:fr:Clairol Crown|Carlsbad, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 7–5, 6–2 |- | 16. | 7 Aprile 1980 | Hilton Heid Island, USA | Clay | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Regina Maršíková]] | 3–6, 6–1, 6–0 |- | 17. | 16 Juin 1980 | [[AEGON International|Eastbourne, UK]] | Grass | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Wendy Turnbull]] | 7–6, 6–2 |- | 18. | 27 Julie 1980 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] Wendy Turnbull | 6–1, 6–3 |- | 19. | 29 September 1980 | [[US Indoors|Minneapolis, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–1, 2–6, 6–2 |- | 20. | 3 November 1980 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[:fr:Sherry Acker|Sherry Acker]] | 6–2, 7–5 |- | 21. | 15 December 1980 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Tucson|Tucson, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Peanut Louie Harper]] | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 22. | 5 Januar 1981 | [[Toyota Championships|Washington, D.C., USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Andrea Jaeger]] | 6–2, 6–2 |- | 23. | 15 Juin 1981 | Eastbourne, UK | Grass | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Andrea Jaeger | 6–3, 6–4 |- | 24. | 27 Julie 1981 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Pam Shriver]] | 6–2, 5–7, 6–2 |- | 25. | 17 August 1981 | [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Toronto, Canadae]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Chris Evert | 6–1, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | 26. | 31 August 1981 | [[1981 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open, New York Ceety]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1) |- | 27. | 21 September 1981 | [[:fr:Classic d'Atlanta|Atlanta, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Mary Lou Daniels|Mary Lou Piatek]] | 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 |- | 28. | 26 October 1981 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |- | 29. | 14 December 1981 | [[Toyota Championships|East Rutherford, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 |- | 30. | 26 Julie 1982 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Kathy Rinaldi]] | 7–6, 6–3 |} ===Doubles (5)=== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} *1978: Phoenix (wi [[Betty Stöve]]) *1978: Filderstadt (wi Betty Stöve) *1979: Hollywood (wi Betty Stöve) {{col-2}} *1979: Mahwah (wi Betty Stöve) *1980: San Diego (wi [[Ann Kiyomura]]) {{col-end}} ==Runner-ups (17)== ===Singles (15)=== {| width=43% | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" !Legend |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] (0) |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | WTA Championships (1) |} | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |'''Runner-ups bi Surface''' |- | Haurd (6) |- | Clay (2) |- | Grass (0) |- | Carpet (7) |} |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" |'''No.''' |'''Date''' |'''Location''' |'''Surface''' |'''Opponent in the feenal''' |'''Score in the feenal''' |- | 1. | 6 Mairch 1978 | [[Virginia Slims of Dallas|Dallas, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Evonne Goolagong|Evonne Goolagong Cawley]] | 4–6, 6–0, 6–2 |- | 2. | 2 October 1978 | [[:fr:Classic de l'Arizona|Phoenix, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] | 6–4, 6–2 |- | 3. | 29 Januar 1979 | [[Ameritech Cup|Chicago, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–3, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | 4. | 29 Mairch 1979 | [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]], New York Ceety | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilov | 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 |- | 5. | 15 Mey 1979 | [[:fr:Classic du Japon|Tokyo, Japan (Gunze Warld Tennis)]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–1, 6–1 |- | 6. | 20 August 1979 | [[WTA New Jersey|Mahwah, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] | 6–7(2), 6–4, 6–1 |- | 7. | 2 Januar 1980 | [[Virginia Slims of Washington|Washington, DC, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 8. | 4 Februar 1980 | [[LA Women's Tennis Championships|Los Angeles, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 9. | 28 Aprile 1980 | [[Unitit Airlines Toornament o Champions|Orlando, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–4 |- | 10. | 10 November 1980 | [[Eckerd Open|Tampa, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Andrea Jaeger]] | walkover |- | 11. | 17 November 1980 | [[Lion's Cup|Tokyo, Japan (Lion's Cup)]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–4, 6–3 |- | 12. | 28 September 1981 | [[US Indoors|Minneapolis, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–0, 6–2 |- | 13. | 18 October 1982 | [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Filderstadt, Germany]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–3, 6–3 |- | 14. | 6 December 1982 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Richmond|Richmond, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Wendy Turnbull]] | 6–7(3), 6–2, 6–4 |- | 15. | 4 Aprile 1983 | [[Faimily Circle Cup|Hilton Heid Island, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 5–7, 6–1, 6–0 |} ===Doubles (2)=== *1978: Tokyo (Gunze Warld Tennis) (wi [[:fr:Kathy May|Kathy May Fritz]]) *1979: Oakland (wi [[Betty Stöve]]) ==Grand Slam singles tournament timeline== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! Tournament !! 1977 !! 1978 !! 1979 !! 1980 !! 1981 !! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984–1993 !! 1994 !! Career SR |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | Australian Open |align="center"| A / A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|2R | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 2''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | French Open |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 3''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|3R |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|4R |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 6''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#00ff00;"|'''W''' |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:#00ff00;"|'''W''' |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"|A |align="center"|A |align="center"|A | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''2 / 6''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" |SR | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |1 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |1 / 3 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 3 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 1 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 0 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" | '''2 / 17''' |- |colspan=1 align=left|Career Statistics |- |align=left|Year end Rankin |align="center"|12 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|6 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|3 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|2 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|2 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|4 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|9 |} A = did no pairticipate in the tournament. SR = the ratio o the number o Grand Slam singles tournaments wan tae the number o those tournaments played. Note: The Australian Open wis held twice in 1977, in Januar an December. ==See an aw== *[[Leet o female tennis players]] *[[Leet o Grand Slam Weemen's Singles champions]] * [[:en:Tennis performance timeline comparison (women)|Performance timelines for aw female tennis players who reached at least ane Grand Slam feenal]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{WTA|59}} *{{ITF female profile|20002127}} *{{FedCup player|20002127}} *{{Tennishof|tracy-austin}} {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{succession box | | before = [[Martina Navratilova]]<br>Martina Navratilova | after = Martina Navratilova<br>[[Chris Evert]] | title = [[:en:List of WTA number 1 ranked players|Warld No. 1]] | years = 7 Aprile 1980 – 20 Aprile 1980<br>1 Julie 1980 – 17 November 1980 |}} {{s-end}} {{Tennis World Number Ones (women)}} {{Wimbledon girls' singles champions}} {{US Open women's singles champions}} {{Wimbledon mixed doubles champions}} {{WTA Tour singles champions}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Austin, Tracy}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:American female tennis players]] [[Category:American televeesion presenters]] [[Category:Internaitional Tennis Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk frae Los Angeles Coonty, Californie]]<!--Palos Verdes Peninsula--> [[Category:Fowk frae Rolling Hills, Californie]] [[Category:Tennis commentators]] [[Category:Tennis fowk frae Californie]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] [[Category:Wimbledon junior champions]] hxruii3wuycf6tn9l4zhpl9858eze9o 918823 918809 2026-06-27T00:52:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/918809|918809]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-36737-10|~2026-36737-10]] ([[User talk:~2026-36737-10|Tauk]]) 918823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tennis biography |name= Tracy Austin |image= Austin 2009 US Open 02.jpg |country= {{USA}} |residence= [[Rolling Hills, California]] |birth_date= {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962| 12|12}} |birth_place= [[Palos Verdes]], Californie, U.S. |height= 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) |weight= 120 lb (54.4&nbsp;kg) |turnedpro= 23 October 1978 |retired= Julie 1994 |plays= Right-handed<br>(two-handed backhand) |careerprizemoney= US$2,092,380 |tennishofyear=1992 |tennishofid=tracy-austin |singlesrecord= 335–90 (78.82%) |singlestitles= 30 |highestsinglesranking= No. 1 (1980) |AustralianOpenresult= QF (1981) |FrenchOpenresult= QF (1982, 1983) |Wimbledonresult= SF (1979, 1980) |USOpenresult= '''W''' ([[:en:1979 US Open – Women's Singles|1979]], [[:en:1981 US Open – Women's Singles|1981]]) |doublesrecord= 13–16 |doublestitles= 4 |highestdoublesranking= |updated= N/A }} '''Tracy Ann Austin Holt''' (born 12 December 1962, in [[Palos Verdes]], Californie) is an umwhile [[:en:List of WTA number 1 ranked players|Warld No. 1]] profeesional tennis player frae the Unitit States who wan the women's singles title at the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] in 1979 an 1981 an the mixed doubles title at [[Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] in 1980. Syne 1979, she haes held the record as youngest iver US Open female singles champion an is the youngest inductee o aw time in the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]]. ==Career== ===1979 tae 1980=== Austin defeatit 35-year-auld [[Billie Jean King]] in the quairterfinals o Wimbledon in 1979 6–4, 6–7, 6–2 afore luisin tae [[Martina Navratilova]] in straicht sets in the semifeenals. Austin then became the youngest ever US Open champion, agit 16 years an 9 month. In the feenal, she faced [[Chris Evert]] who wis biddin tae win the title for the fift consecutive year: Austin won the match 6–4, 6–3. Earlier that year, Austin haed endit Evert's 125-match winnin streak on [[clay court|clay]] bi beatin her in three sets in a semifeenal o the [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Italian Open]]. Austin lost in the semifeenals o baith Grand Slam tournaments she played in 1980. [[Evonne Goolagong Cawley]], seedit fowert an the eventual champion, defeatit Austin 6–3, 0–6, 6–4 at Wimbledon. As the tap seed an defendin champion at the US Open, Austin wis expectit tae extend her five-match winnin streak against third-rankit Evert. Austin racit tae a 4–0 lead in the first set afore Evert wan 16 o the feenal 20 gemmes tae tak the match 4–6, 6–1, 6–1. Evert went on tae beat [[Hana Mandlíková]] in the feenal, sicweys securin for hersel the year-endin Warld No. 1 rankin. Austin wis rankit the Warld No. 1 singles player at times durin 1980/81, pairtly acause she captured the twa sponsors' tour-endin events, defeatin Navrátilová tae win the [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]] in Mairch an [[Andrea Jaeger]] tae captur the Colgate Series Championships in Januar 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournoi_du_New_Jersey|title=Colgate Series Championships|accessdate=June 25, 2009|archive-date=2012-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108045008/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournoi_du_New_Jersey|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980, Austin wan the Wimbledon [[mixed doubles (tennis)|mixed doubles]] title wi her brither [[John Austin (tennis)|John]], becomin the first brither an sister team iver tae win a Grand Slam title thegither. ===1981 tae 1987=== Durin the first fower month o 1981, Austin played anerlie twa events acause o chronic injuries. On [[grass court|grass]], she wan the tournament in [[International Women's Open|Eastbourne, Unitit Kinrick]] athoot luisin a set afore [[Pam Shriver]] beat her in a Wimbledon quairterfinal 7–5, 6–4. Austin then wan 26 consecutive matches an fower consecutive tournaments. She defeatit Shriver in the final o the tournament in [[:fr:Classic de San Diego|San Diego]] an, three weeks later, she beat baith Navrátilová an Evert in straicht sets tae win the [[Canadian Open (tennis)|Canadian Open]] in Toronto. As the third-seedit player at the US Open, Austin defeatit fowert-seedit Navrátilová in the feenal 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1). Navrátilová, housomeivver, endit Austin's winnin streak in the feenal o the [[US Indoors|U.S. Indoor Championships]]. In Europe durin the hairst, Austin lost tae [[Sue Barker]] in the quairterfeenals o the tournament in [[Brighton International|Brighton, Unitit Kinrick]] but recovered the follaein week tae defeat Navrátilová in the final o the tournament in [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Stuttgart, Wast Germany]]. At the feenal Grand Slam tournament o the year, Austin wis seedit seicont but lost tae saxt-seedit Shriver in the Australian Open quairterfeenals 7–5, 7–6. The 1981 year-endin [[:fr:Tournoi du New Jersey|Toyota Series Championships]] featurt twa matches against Evert an ane against Navrátilová. Evert wan her roond robin match wi Austin 4–6, 6–4, 7–6, afore Austin demolished Evert in a baseline slugfest in thair semifeenal 6–1, 6–2. Austin then wan the tournament wi a three-set defeat o Navrátilová. Austin wis the first opponent o [[Steffi Graf]] when the German made her professional debut at the [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix]] in [[Stuttgart]] in 1982. Austin defeatit the 13-year-auld Graf 6–4, 6–0. Back injuries an recurrin [[sciatica]] then began tae impair Austin's effectiveness an sidelined her for lang stretches. King, seedit twalt, upset third-seedit Austin in the 1982 Wimbledon quairterfeenals 3–6, 6–4, 6–2. Several weeks later, housomeivver, Austin wan her 30t an feenal tap-level singles title in San Diego. Austin's last guid showin at a major event wis at the 1982 saison-endin Toyota Series Championships whare she defeatit Jaeger, the Warld No. 3, in straucht sets tae reach the semifeenals. Housomeivver, she wis unable tae repeat the previous year's victory ower Evert, who defeatit Austin 6–0, 6–0 in less nor 50 minutes. Bi 1983, afore her 21st birthday, Austin wis virtually finished as a tap ten player. ===1988 tae 1994=== Austin began her first comeback on the tour in 1988, when she played in seiven doubles tournaments, an in 1989, when she played in ane doubles an twa singles tournaments. This comeback wis endit bi a near-fatal motor vehicle accident on 3 August 1989. She attempted a seicont comeback in 1993 an 1994 but wis no pairticularly successfu, an she retired frae profeesional tennis in Julie 1994. In 1994, at the [[BNP Paribas Open|Evert Cup]] in [[Indian Wells, Californie]] Austin, in the middle o her comeback, played Graf, who wis Warld No. 1 at the time. This pruivit tae be a lopsidit encoonter, wi Graf beatin Austin 6–0, 6–0. In 1992, Austin became the youngest person tae be inducted intae the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]], at the age o 29. ==Family life an wirk as a tennis commentator== Tracy's aulder sister, Pam, an her aulder bruther, Jeff, wur profeesional tennis players an aw, as war brithers Doug an [[John Austin (tennis)|John]]. She is the sister-in-law o fitness author [[Denise Austin]]. She is marriet tae Scott Holt an is the mither o three sons, Sean, Brandon, an Dylan. As a bairn, Tracy livit next door tae Air Force Colonel Keith Lindell who wis responsible for the trainin o the oreeginal seiven [[Project Mercury]] astronauts. Syne reteerin as a player, Austin haes wirkit as a commentator for [[NBC]] an the [[USA Network]] for the French Open an the US Open. She wirkit for the [[Seven Network]], who broadcast the Australian Open an uisually pairticipates in the [[BBC]]'s Wimbledon coverage. She began wirkin for Tennis Channel in 2010 an jynt thair US Open team. Austin haes wirkit for Canadian telly for thair coverage o the [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Rogers Cup]] syne 2004. ==Major feenals== ===Grand Slam feenals=== ====Singles: 2 (2 titles, 0 runner-ups)==== {| class="wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Championship''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |-bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || [[1979 U.S. Open - Women's Singles|1979]] || [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] || Haurd || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] || 6–4, 6–3 |-bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || [[1981 U.S. Open - Women's Singles|1981]] || US Open ||Haurd || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] || 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1) |} ====Mixed doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)==== {| class="wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="150"|'''Championship''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Pairtner''' |width="200"|'''Opponents in the final''' |width="150"|'''Score in the final''' |-bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1980 || [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || Grass || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[John Austin (tennis)|John Austin]] || [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Dianne Fromholtz]]<br>[[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Mark Edmondson]] || 4–6, 7–6(6), 6–3 |-bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up || 1981 || Wimbledon || Grass ||[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] John Austin || [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]] [[Betty Stöve]]<br>[[File:Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg|20px]] [[Frew McMillan]] || 4–6, 7–6(2), 6–3 |} ===Year-End Championships feenals=== ====Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)==== {| class="sortable wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Location''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |- | bgcolor="FFA07A"|Runner-up || 1979 || New York Ceety || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]]|| 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 |- | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1980 || New York Ceety || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova || 6–2, 2–6, 6–2 |} ===Toyota Championships feenals=== ====Singles: 1 (1 title)==== {| class="sortable wikitable" |width="100"|'''Ootcome''' |width="50"|'''Year''' |width="200"|'''Location''' |width="75"|'''Surface''' |width="200"|'''Opponent in the final''' |width="200"|'''Score in the final''' |- | bgcolor="98FB98"|Winner || 1981 || East Rutherford || Carpet (i) || [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] || 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 |} ==Titles (35)== ===Singles (30)=== {| width=43% | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" !Legend |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] (2) |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | WTA Championships (1) |} | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |'''Titles bi Surface''' |- | Haurd (12) |- | Clay (3) |- | Grass (2) |- | Carpet (13) |} |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" |'''No.''' |'''Date''' |'''Location''' |'''Surface''' |'''Opponent in the final''' |'''Score in the final''' |- | 1. | 3 Januar 1977 | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[:fr:Stacy Margolin|Stacy Margolin]] | 6–7, 6–3, 4–1 ret. |- | 2. | 23 October 1978 | [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Filderstadt, Wast Germany]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px]] [[Betty Stöve]] | 6–3, 6–3 |- | 3. | 2 November 1978 | [[:fr:Classic du Japon|Tokyo, Japan (Gunze Warld Tennis)]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] | 6–1, 6–1 |- | 4. | 1 Januar 1979 | [[Virginia Slims of Washington|Washington, D.C., USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–3, 6–2 |- | 5. | 9 Aprile 1979 | [[Family Circle Cup|Hilton Heid Island, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Kerry Reid]] | 7–6, 7–6 |- | 6. | 7 Mey 1979 | [[Internazionali BNL d'Italia|Roum, Italy]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Sylvia Hanika]] | 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 |- | 7. | 30 Julie 1979 | [[San Diego Open (tennis)|San Diego, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–4, 6–2 |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | 8. | 27 August 1979 | [[1979 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open, New York Ceety]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] | 6–4, 6–3 |- | 9. | 5 November 1979 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 10. | 10 December 1979 | [[Lion's Cup|Tokyo, Japan (Emeron Cup)]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 11. | 7 Januar 1980 | [[Wastren & Soothren Financial Group Masters an Weemen's Open|Cincinnati, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Chris Evert | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 12. | 28 Januar 1980 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Seattle|Seattle, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] [[Virginia Wade]] | 6–2, 7–6 |- | 13. | 10 Mairch 1980 | [[Virginia Slims of Boston|Boston, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|20px]] Virginia Wade | 6–2, 6–1 |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | 14. | 17 Mairch 1980 | [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]], New York Ceety | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–2, 2–6, 6–2 |- | 15. | 29 Mairch 1980 | [[:fr:Clairol Crown|Carlsbad, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 7–5, 6–2 |- | 16. | 7 Aprile 1980 | Hilton Heid Island, USA | Clay | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Regina Maršíková]] | 3–6, 6–1, 6–0 |- | 17. | 16 Juin 1980 | [[AEGON International|Eastbourne, UK]] | Grass | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Wendy Turnbull]] | 7–6, 6–2 |- | 18. | 27 Julie 1980 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] Wendy Turnbull | 6–1, 6–3 |- | 19. | 29 September 1980 | [[US Indoors|Minneapolis, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–1, 2–6, 6–2 |- | 20. | 3 November 1980 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[:fr:Sherry Acker|Sherry Acker]] | 6–2, 7–5 |- | 21. | 15 December 1980 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Tucson|Tucson, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Peanut Louie Harper]] | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 22. | 5 Januar 1981 | [[Toyota Championships|Washington, D.C., USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Andrea Jaeger]] | 6–2, 6–2 |- | 23. | 15 Juin 1981 | Eastbourne, UK | Grass | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Andrea Jaeger | 6–3, 6–4 |- | 24. | 27 Julie 1981 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Pam Shriver]] | 6–2, 5–7, 6–2 |- | 25. | 17 August 1981 | [[Rogers Cup (tennis)|Toronto, Canadae]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Chris Evert | 6–1, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | 26. | 31 August 1981 | [[1981 US Open – Weemen's Singles|US Open, New York Ceety]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 1–6, 7–6(4), 7–6(1) |- | 27. | 21 September 1981 | [[:fr:Classic d'Atlanta|Atlanta, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Mary Lou Daniels|Mary Lou Piatek]] | 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 |- | 28. | 26 October 1981 | Filderstadt, Wast Germany | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4 |- | 29. | 14 December 1981 | [[Toyota Championships|East Rutherford, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 |- | 30. | 26 Julie 1982 | San Diego, USA | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Kathy Rinaldi]] | 7–6, 6–3 |} ===Doubles (5)=== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} *1978: Phoenix (wi [[Betty Stöve]]) *1978: Filderstadt (wi Betty Stöve) *1979: Hollywood (wi Betty Stöve) {{col-2}} *1979: Mahwah (wi Betty Stöve) *1980: San Diego (wi [[Ann Kiyomura]]) {{col-end}} ==Runner-ups (17)== ===Singles (15)=== {| width=43% | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" !Legend |- bgcolor="#FFFF99" | [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slams]] (0) |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | WTA Championships (1) |} | valign=top width=33% align=left | {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |'''Runner-ups bi Surface''' |- | Haurd (6) |- | Clay (2) |- | Grass (0) |- | Carpet (7) |} |} {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" |'''No.''' |'''Date''' |'''Location''' |'''Surface''' |'''Opponent in the feenal''' |'''Score in the feenal''' |- | 1. | 6 Mairch 1978 | [[Virginia Slims of Dallas|Dallas, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Evonne Goolagong|Evonne Goolagong Cawley]] | 4–6, 6–0, 6–2 |- | 2. | 2 October 1978 | [[:fr:Classic de l'Arizona|Phoenix, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] [[Martina Navratilova]] | 6–4, 6–2 |- | 3. | 29 Januar 1979 | [[Ameritech Cup|Chicago, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navrátilová | 6–3, 6–4 |- bgcolor="#FF6666" | 4. | 29 Mairch 1979 | [[WTA Tour Championships|Avon Championships]], New York Ceety | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilov | 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 |- | 5. | 15 Mey 1979 | [[:fr:Classic du Japon|Tokyo, Japan (Gunze Warld Tennis)]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–1, 6–1 |- | 6. | 20 August 1979 | [[WTA New Jersey|Mahwah, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Chris Evert]] | 6–7(2), 6–4, 6–1 |- | 7. | 2 Januar 1980 | [[Virginia Slims of Washington|Washington, DC, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–1 |- | 8. | 4 Februar 1980 | [[LA Women's Tennis Championships|Los Angeles, USA]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–0 |- | 9. | 28 Aprile 1980 | [[Unitit Airlines Toornament o Champions|Orlando, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–2, 6–4 |- | 10. | 10 November 1980 | [[Eckerd Open|Tampa, USA]] | Haurd | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Andrea Jaeger]] | walkover |- | 11. | 17 November 1980 | [[Lion's Cup|Tokyo, Japan (Lion's Cup)]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–4, 6–3 |- | 12. | 28 September 1981 | [[US Indoors|Minneapolis, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–0, 6–2 |- | 13. | 18 October 1982 | [[Porsche Tennis Grand Prix|Filderstadt, Germany]] | Haurd (i) | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 6–3, 6–3 |- | 14. | 6 December 1982 | [[:fr:Tournoi de Richmond|Richmond, USA]] | Carpet (i) | [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20px]] [[Wendy Turnbull]] | 6–7(3), 6–2, 6–4 |- | 15. | 4 Aprile 1983 | [[Faimily Circle Cup|Hilton Heid Island, USA]] | Clay | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] Martina Navratilova | 5–7, 6–1, 6–0 |} ===Doubles (2)=== *1978: Tokyo (Gunze Warld Tennis) (wi [[:fr:Kathy May|Kathy May Fritz]]) *1979: Oakland (wi [[Betty Stöve]]) ==Grand Slam singles tournament timeline== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! Tournament !! 1977 !! 1978 !! 1979 !! 1980 !! 1981 !! 1982 !! 1983 !! 1984–1993 !! 1994 !! Career SR |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | Australian Open |align="center"| A / A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|2R | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 2''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | French Open |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|1R | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 3''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|3R |align="center" style="background:#afeeee;"|4R |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"| A |align="center"| A |align="center"| A | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''0 / 6''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" | [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center" style="background:#00ff00;"|'''W''' |align="center" style="background:yellow;"|SF |align="center" style="background:#00ff00;"|'''W''' |align="center" style="background:#ffebcd;"|QF |align="center"|A |align="center"|A |align="center"|A | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |'''2 / 6''' |- |style="background:#EFEFEF;" |SR | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |1 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |1 / 3 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 3 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 1 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 0 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" |0 / 2 | align="center" style="background:#EFEFEF;" | '''2 / 17''' |- |colspan=1 align=left|Career Statistics |- |align=left|Year end Rankin |align="center"|12 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|6 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|3 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|2 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|2 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|4 |align="center" bgcolor=EEE8AA|9 |} A = did no pairticipate in the tournament. SR = the ratio o the number o Grand Slam singles tournaments wan tae the number o those tournaments played. Note: The Australian Open wis held twice in 1977, in Januar an December. ==See an aw== *[[Leet o female tennis players]] *[[Leet o Grand Slam Weemen's Singles champions]] * [[:en:Tennis performance timeline comparison (women)|Performance timelines for aw female tennis players who reached at least ane Grand Slam feenal]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *{{WTA|59}} *{{ITF female profile|20002127}} *{{FedCup player|20002127}} *{{Tennishof|tracy-austin}} {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{succession box | | before = [[Martina Navratilova]]<br>Martina Navratilova | after = Martina Navratilova<br>[[Chris Evert]] | title = [[:en:List of WTA number 1 ranked players|Warld No. 1]] | years = 7 Aprile 1980 – 20 Aprile 1980<br>1 Julie 1980 – 17 November 1980 |}} {{s-end}} {{Tennis World Number Ones (women)}} {{Wimbledon girls' singles champions}} {{US Open women's singles champions}} {{Wimbledon mixed doubles champions}} {{WTA Tour singles champions}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Austin, Tracy}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:American female tennis players]] [[Category:American televeesion presenters]] [[Category:Internaitional Tennis Haw o Fame inductees]] [[Category:Fowk frae Los Angeles Coonty, Californie]]<!--Palos Verdes Peninsula--> [[Category:Fowk frae Rolling Hills, Californie]] [[Category:Tennis commentators]] [[Category:Tennis fowk frae Californie]] [[Category:US Open (tennis) champions]] [[Category:Warld No. 1 tennis players]] [[Category:Wimbledon junior champions]] clzup9lntakskovrork54lck8687j7c 0 72762 918817 917433 2026-06-26T19:15:43Z ~2026-36853-06 133468 /* */ 918817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 Juin 1987) is an Argentein [[Association fitbaa|fitbawer]] thit plays [[Forward (association fitbaw)|forrit]] fur [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Inter Miami]] an the [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae national team]]. He is the caiptain o the Argentinae national fitba team.{{Citation needed}} He haes Spaingie citizenship, sae he can play as a [[European Union|EU]] player. Ane o the best fitba players o his generation, mony fowk say that he is the warld's best player. Messi receivit seeveral [[Ballon d'Or]] an [[FIFA Warld Player o the Year]] bi 22 yeirs o age. His playin style an ability are seemlar tae [[Diego Maradona]].{{Citation needed}} Messi is eften comparit wi [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 17 May 2014.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Club statistics |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Saison !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2003–04 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2003-04 |accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref> |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||5 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04"/> |rowspan="2"|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0 |- |[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2004-05|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2004–05|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !22!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan="11"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05"/> |rowspan="10"|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL>Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2005-06|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2005–06|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||2||1||6<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||1||0||0||25||8 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2006-07|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2006–07|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |26||14||2||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2006 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], five appearances an ane goal in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SDE">Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||0||36||17 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2007-08|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2007–08|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |28||10||3||0||9<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||6||colspan="2"|—||40||16 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2008-09|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2008–09|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |31||23||8||6||12<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||9||colspan="2"|—||51||38 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2009-10|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2009–10|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |35||34||3||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an aicht goals in [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||8||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an twa goals in [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||4||53||47 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |33||31||7||7||13<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||12||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||3||55||53 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |37||50||7||3||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an ane goal in [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an 14 goals in [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||15||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Twa appearances an three goals in [[2011 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||5||60||73 |- |[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2012-13|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2012–13|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |32||46||5||4||11<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||2||50||60 |- |[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|title=L. Messi|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2013|archive-date=2022-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162059/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |31||28||6||5||7<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||0||46||41 |- !colspan="2"|Total !277!!243!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!425!!354 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !309!!254!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!457!!365 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ===International=== [[File:Lionel Messi – Portugal vs. Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|Messi playin against [[Portugal naitional fitbaa team|Portugal]] in [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]], on 9 Februar 2011.]]He has played in almost 1,000 games since he was born.{{updated|match played 1 Julie 2014.}}<ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: A Career in Numbers|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/champions-league/lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78U8WekbB?url=https://www.givemesport.com/184384-lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: Career Statistics|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2013-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194406/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Internaitional appearances==== <!-- update if game for Argentina --> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ International statistics |- !width="80"|Team !width="70"|Year !width="45"|Apps !width="45"|Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae]] |2005 |5 |0 |- |2006 |7 |2 |- |2007 |14 |6 |- |2008 |8 |2 |- |2009 |10 |3 |- |2010 |10 |2 |- |2011 |13 |4 |- |2012 |9 |12 |- |2013 |7 |6 |- |2014 |8 |5 |- !colspan=2|Total !91 !42 |} ====Internaitional goals==== :''Scores an results leet Argentinae's goal tally first.''<!-- update if goal for Argentina --> {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Goal!!Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- |1||1 Mairch 2006||[[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]||{{fb|CRO}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–3||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |2||16 Juin 2006||[[Veltins-Arena|WM-Stadion Gelsenkirchen]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|SCG}}||align=center|'''6'''–0||align=center|6–0||[[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- |3||rowspan=2|5 Juin 2007||rowspan=2|[[Camp Nou]], [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|ALG}}||align=center|'''2'''–2||rowspan=2 align=center|4–3||rowspan=2|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |4||align=center|'''4'''–2 |- |5||8 Julie 2007||[[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|PER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0||rowspan=2|[[2007 Copa América]] |- |6||11 Julie 2007||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |7||16 October 2007||[[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|José Pachencho Romero]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||rowspan=2|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |8||20 November 2007||[[Estadio El Campín]], [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–2 |- |9||4 Juin 2008||[[Qualcomm Stadium]], [[San Diego]], [[Unitit States]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |10||11 October 2008||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |11||11 Februar 2009||[[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]]||{{fb|FRA}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |12||28 Mairch 2009||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |13||14 November 2009||[[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|1–2||rowspan=5|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |14||7 September 2010||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–1 |- |15||17 November 2010||[[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]||{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |16||9 Februar 2011||[[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]||{{fb|POR}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |17||20 Juin 2011||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ALB}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0 |- |18||7 October 2011||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |19||15 November 2011||[[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |20||rowspan=3|29 Februar 2012||rowspan=3|[[Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf|Stade de Suisse Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|SUI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|3–1||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |21||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |22||align=center|'''3'''–1 |- |23||2 Juin 2012||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ECU}}||align=center|'''3'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |24||rowspan=3|9 Juin 2012||rowspan=3|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Unitit States]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||rowspan=3 align=center|4–3||rowspan=4|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |25||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |26||align=center|'''4'''–3 |- |27||15 August 2012||[[Commerzbank-Arena]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|GER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–1 |- |28||7 September 2012||[[Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''3'''–1||align=center|3–1||rowspan=5|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |29||rowspan=2|12 October 2012||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Malvinas Argentinas]], [[Mendoza, Argentinae|Mendoza]], [[Argentina]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–0 |- |30||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |31||16 October 2012||[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1 |- |32||22 Mairch 2013||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |33||rowspan=3|14 Juin 2013||rowspan=3|[[Estadio Mateo Flores]], [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|GUA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|4–0||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |34||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |35||align=center|'''4'''–0 |- |36||rowspan=2|10 September 2013||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Defensores del Chaco]], [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|5–2||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |37||align=center|'''4'''–1 |- |38||7 Juin 2014||[[Estadio Ciudad de La Plata]], [[La Plata]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|SVN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |39||15 Juin 2014||[[Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|BIH}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–1||rowspan=4|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]] |- |40||21 Juin 2014||[[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|IRN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |41||rowspan=2|25 Juin 2014||rowspan=2|[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|NGA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–2 |- |42||align=center|'''2'''–1 |} == Ootside fitbaa == Messi haes ane bairn. His son, Thiago, wis born 2 November 2012.[http://thefamouscelebrity.com/lionel-messi/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112032521/http://thefamouscelebrity.com/lionel-messi |date=2018-11-12 }} No anerly playin on the field, Messi fynds time tae dae charity wirk. He stairtit the Leo Messi Foundation which that helps childer in at-risk situation. Messi opened a kids pairk fur childer livin in the hospital at the Varsity hospital Vall d’hebron in Barcelona. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Lionel Messi}} *{{Official website|http://www.leomessi.com/}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} *[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi FC Barcelona profile] *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1753.html BDFutbol profile] *[http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 La Liga profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602121111/http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 |date=2013-06-02 }} *{{soccerbase|39850}} *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN *{{NFT player|pid=12066}} *{{FIFA player|229397}} *{{UEFA player|95803}} {{FC Barcelona squad}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awairds |bg=gold |list1= {{FIFA World Player of the Year winners}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{La Liga Forward of the Year}} {{La Liga Best Player of the Year}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{Argentine Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Best Player in Europe}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Argentinae squads |bg=#6AB5FF |fg=white |bordercolor=#00355E |list1= {{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2011 Copa América players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2019 Copa América players]] [[Category:2021 Copa América players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:European Fitbawer o the Year winners]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:FC Barcelona B players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona C players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Fitbawers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]] [[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Spain]] [[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]] [[Category:Fowk frae Rosario, Santa Fe]] [[Category:Pichichi Trophy winners]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Tercera División players]] [[Category:UNICEF fowk]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Argentinae unner-20 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Major League Soccer players]] [[Category:Inter Miami CF players]] qdwmdjwzx2cb30a4ozqf0jboqhvc641 918818 918817 2026-06-26T19:15:54Z Divinations 114537 Revertit edit o ~2026-36853-06, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 914446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup sharpness.jpg | caption = Messi with [[Argentina National Football Team|Argentina]] at the [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup|2022 Warld Cup]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini<ref name="ActualName">{{cite news|last=Marsden|first=Sam|url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3255615/lionel-messi-donates-70k-to-charity-after-winning-libel-case-against-newspaper|title=Messi donates to charity after libel case win|publisher=ESPN|date=2 November 2017|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], [[Argenteinie]] | height = {{height|m=1.70}}<ref name="Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi">{{cite web |title=Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi |publisher=FC Barcelona |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi |accessdate=8 September 2015}}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaa)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1995–2000 |youthclubs1 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | youthyears2 = 2000–2003 |youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2003–2004 |clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |caps1 = 10 |goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 |clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |caps2 = 22 |goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 |clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |caps3 = 520 |goals3 = 474 | years4 = 2021–2023 | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 58 | goals4 = 22 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | caps5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches here. Cup matches are listed in table lower in the page--> | goals5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches.--> | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 |nationalteam1 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|Argentinae U20]] |nationalcaps1 = 18 |nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2007–2008 |nationalteam2 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Argentinae U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 5 |nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005– |nationalteam3 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argenteinie]] |nationalcaps3 = 175 |nationalgoals3 = 103 | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{ARG}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Fitbaa]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[:en:Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[:en:Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Beijing]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Olympic Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[U-20 South American Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[U-20 South American Championship|2005 Colombia]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} | club-update = 29 Mey 2018 | nationalteam-update = 26 Juin 2018 }} '''Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 Juin 1987) is an Argentein [[Association fitbaa|fitbawer]] thit plays [[Forward (association fitbaw)|forrit]] fur [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Inter Miami]] an the [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae national team]]. He is the caiptain o the Argentinae national fitba team.{{Citation needed}} He haes Spaingie citizenship, sae he can play as a [[European Union|EU]] player. Ane o the best fitba players o his generation, mony fowk say that he is the warld's best player. Messi receivit seeveral [[Ballon d'Or]] an [[FIFA Warld Player o the Year]] bi 22 yeirs o age. His playin style an ability are seemlar tae [[Diego Maradona]].{{Citation needed}} Messi is eften comparit wi [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 17 May 2014.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Club statistics |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Saison !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2003–04 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2003-04 |accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref> |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||5 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04"/> |rowspan="2"|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0 |- |[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2004-05|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2004–05|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !22!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan="11"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05"/> |rowspan="10"|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL>Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2005-06|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2005–06|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||2||1||6<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||1||0||0||25||8 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2006-07|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2006–07|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |26||14||2||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2006 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], five appearances an ane goal in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SDE">Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||0||36||17 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2007-08|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2007–08|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |28||10||3||0||9<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||6||colspan="2"|—||40||16 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2008-09|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2008–09|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |31||23||8||6||12<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||9||colspan="2"|—||51||38 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2009-10|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2009–10|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |35||34||3||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an aicht goals in [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||8||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an twa goals in [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||4||53||47 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |33||31||7||7||13<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||12||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||3||55||53 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |37||50||7||3||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an ane goal in [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an 14 goals in [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||15||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Twa appearances an three goals in [[2011 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||5||60||73 |- |[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2012-13|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2012–13|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |32||46||5||4||11<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||2||50||60 |- |[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|title=L. Messi|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2013|archive-date=2022-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162059/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |31||28||6||5||7<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||0||46||41 |- !colspan="2"|Total !277!!243!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!425!!354 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !309!!254!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!457!!365 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ===International=== [[File:Lionel Messi – Portugal vs. Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|Messi playin against [[Portugal naitional fitbaa team|Portugal]] in [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]], on 9 Februar 2011.]]He has played in almost 1,000 games since he was born.{{updated|match played 1 Julie 2014.}}<ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: A Career in Numbers|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/champions-league/lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78U8WekbB?url=https://www.givemesport.com/184384-lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: Career Statistics|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2013-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194406/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Internaitional appearances==== <!-- update if game for Argentina --> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ International statistics |- !width="80"|Team !width="70"|Year !width="45"|Apps !width="45"|Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae]] |2005 |5 |0 |- |2006 |7 |2 |- |2007 |14 |6 |- |2008 |8 |2 |- |2009 |10 |3 |- |2010 |10 |2 |- |2011 |13 |4 |- |2012 |9 |12 |- |2013 |7 |6 |- |2014 |8 |5 |- !colspan=2|Total !91 !42 |} ====Internaitional goals==== :''Scores an results leet Argentinae's goal tally first.''<!-- update if goal for Argentina --> {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Goal!!Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- |1||1 Mairch 2006||[[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]||{{fb|CRO}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–3||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |2||16 Juin 2006||[[Veltins-Arena|WM-Stadion Gelsenkirchen]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|SCG}}||align=center|'''6'''–0||align=center|6–0||[[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- |3||rowspan=2|5 Juin 2007||rowspan=2|[[Camp Nou]], [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|ALG}}||align=center|'''2'''–2||rowspan=2 align=center|4–3||rowspan=2|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |4||align=center|'''4'''–2 |- |5||8 Julie 2007||[[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|PER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0||rowspan=2|[[2007 Copa América]] |- |6||11 Julie 2007||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |7||16 October 2007||[[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|José Pachencho Romero]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||rowspan=2|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |8||20 November 2007||[[Estadio El Campín]], [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–2 |- |9||4 Juin 2008||[[Qualcomm Stadium]], [[San Diego]], [[Unitit States]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |10||11 October 2008||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |11||11 Februar 2009||[[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]]||{{fb|FRA}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |12||28 Mairch 2009||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |13||14 November 2009||[[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|1–2||rowspan=5|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |14||7 September 2010||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–1 |- |15||17 November 2010||[[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]||{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |16||9 Februar 2011||[[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]||{{fb|POR}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |17||20 Juin 2011||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ALB}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0 |- |18||7 October 2011||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |19||15 November 2011||[[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |20||rowspan=3|29 Februar 2012||rowspan=3|[[Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf|Stade de Suisse Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|SUI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|3–1||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |21||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |22||align=center|'''3'''–1 |- |23||2 Juin 2012||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ECU}}||align=center|'''3'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |24||rowspan=3|9 Juin 2012||rowspan=3|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Unitit States]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||rowspan=3 align=center|4–3||rowspan=4|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |25||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |26||align=center|'''4'''–3 |- |27||15 August 2012||[[Commerzbank-Arena]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|GER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–1 |- |28||7 September 2012||[[Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''3'''–1||align=center|3–1||rowspan=5|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |29||rowspan=2|12 October 2012||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Malvinas Argentinas]], [[Mendoza, Argentinae|Mendoza]], [[Argentina]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–0 |- |30||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |31||16 October 2012||[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1 |- |32||22 Mairch 2013||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |33||rowspan=3|14 Juin 2013||rowspan=3|[[Estadio Mateo Flores]], [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|GUA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|4–0||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |34||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |35||align=center|'''4'''–0 |- |36||rowspan=2|10 September 2013||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Defensores del Chaco]], [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|5–2||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |37||align=center|'''4'''–1 |- |38||7 Juin 2014||[[Estadio Ciudad de La Plata]], [[La Plata]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|SVN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |39||15 Juin 2014||[[Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|BIH}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–1||rowspan=4|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]] |- |40||21 Juin 2014||[[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|IRN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |41||rowspan=2|25 Juin 2014||rowspan=2|[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|NGA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–2 |- |42||align=center|'''2'''–1 |} == Ootside fitbaa == Messi haes ane bairn. His son, Thiago, wis born 2 November 2012.[http://thefamouscelebrity.com/lionel-messi/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112032521/http://thefamouscelebrity.com/lionel-messi |date=2018-11-12 }} No anerly playin on the field, Messi fynds time tae dae charity wirk. He stairtit the Leo Messi Foundation which that helps childer in at-risk situation. Messi opened a kids pairk fur childer livin in the hospital at the Varsity hospital Vall d’hebron in Barcelona. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Lionel Messi}} *{{Official website|http://www.leomessi.com/}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} *[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi FC Barcelona profile] *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1753.html BDFutbol profile] *[http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 La Liga profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602121111/http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 |date=2013-06-02 }} *{{soccerbase|39850}} *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN *{{NFT player|pid=12066}} *{{FIFA player|229397}} *{{UEFA player|95803}} {{FC Barcelona squad}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awairds |bg=gold |list1= {{FIFA World Player of the Year winners}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{La Liga Forward of the Year}} {{La Liga Best Player of the Year}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{Argentine Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Best Player in Europe}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Argentinae squads |bg=#6AB5FF |fg=white |bordercolor=#00355E |list1= {{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2011 Copa América players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2019 Copa América players]] [[Category:2021 Copa América players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:European Fitbawer o the Year winners]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:FC Barcelona B players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona C players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Fitbawers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]] [[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Spain]] [[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]] [[Category:Fowk frae Rosario, Santa Fe]] [[Category:Pichichi Trophy winners]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Tercera División players]] [[Category:UNICEF fowk]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Argentinae unner-20 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Major League Soccer players]] [[Category:Inter Miami CF players]] kj2yrryzsmau369tjdd5jdf4wgqffye 918821 918818 2026-06-26T22:15:05Z CiphriusKane 74958 918821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Lionel Messi | image = Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup sharpness.jpg | caption = Messi with [[Argentina National Football Team|Argentina]] at the [[2022 FIFA Warld Cup|2022 Warld Cup]] | fullname = Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini<ref name="ActualName">{{cite news|last=Marsden|first=Sam|url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3255615/lionel-messi-donates-70k-to-charity-after-winning-libel-case-against-newspaper|title=Messi donates to charity after libel case win|publisher=ESPN|date=2 November 2017|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|6|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], [[Argenteinie]] | height = {{height|m=1.70}}<ref name="Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi">{{cite web |title=Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi |publisher=FC Barcelona |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi |accessdate=8 September 2015}}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association fitbaa)|Forrit]] | currentclub = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | clubnumber = 10 | youthyears1 = 1995–2000 |youthclubs1 = [[Newell's Old Boys]] | youthyears2 = 2000–2003 |youthclubs2 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | years1 = 2003–2004 |clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |caps1 = 10 |goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2004–2005 |clubs2 = [[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |caps2 = 22 |goals2 = 6 | years3 = 2004–2021 |clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |caps3 = 520 |goals3 = 474 | years4 = 2021–2023 | clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 58 | goals4 = 22 | years5 = 2023– | clubs5 = [[Inter Miami CF|Inter Miami]] | caps5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches here. Cup matches are listed in table lower in the page--> | goals5 = 0<!--MLS league matches only. No Cup matches.--> | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 |nationalteam1 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|Argentinae U20]] |nationalcaps1 = 18 |nationalgoals1 = 14 | nationalyears2 = 2007–2008 |nationalteam2 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Argentinae U23]] |nationalcaps2 = 5 |nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2005– |nationalteam3 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argenteinie]] |nationalcaps3 = 175 |nationalgoals3 = 103 | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{ARG}}}} {{MedalSport|Men's [[Fitbaa]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[:en:Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[:en:Football at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|2008 Beijing]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-23 fitbaa team|Olympic Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2005 FIFA World Youth Championship|2005 Netherlands]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[U-20 South American Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[U-20 South American Championship|2005 Colombia]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaa team|U-20 Team]]}} | club-update = 29 Mey 2018 | nationalteam-update = 26 Juin 2018 }} '''Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini''' ({{IPA-es|ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi|-|Lionel Andrés Messi - Name.ogg}}; born 24 Juin 1987) is an Argentein [[Association fitbaa|fitbawer]] thit plays [[Forward (association fitbaw)|forrit]] fur [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Inter Miami]] an the [[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae national team]]. He is the caiptain o the Argentinae national fitba team.{{Citation needed}} He haes Spainis citizenship, sae he can play as a [[European Union|EU]] player. Ane o the best fitba players o his generation, Messi received seeveral [[Ballon d'Or]] an [[FIFA Warld Player o the Year]] bi 22 yeirs o age. His playin style an ability are seemlar tae [[Diego Maradona]].{{Citation needed}} Messi is aft comparit til [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {{updated|match played 17 May 2014.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Club statistics |- !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Saison !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|[[Copa del Rey]] !colspan="2"|[[UEFA#Club|Europe]] !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |[[FC Barcelona C|Barcelona C]] |[[2003–04 Tercera División#Grupo V|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04">{{cite web |title=Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: Matches 2003–04 |publisher=BDFutbol |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2003-04 |accessdate=19 July 2015}}</ref> |[[Tercera División]] |10||5||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||10||5 |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Barcelona B|Barcelona B]] |[[2003–04 Segunda División B#Group III|2003–04]]<ref name="Matches 2003–04"/> |rowspan="2"|[[Segunda División B]] |5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||5||0 |- |[[2004–05 Segunda División B#Group III|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05">{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2004-05|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2004–05|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||17||6 |- !colspan="2"|Total !22!!6!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!22!!6 |- |rowspan="11"|[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |[[2004–05 FC Barcelona season|2004–05]]<ref name="2004-05"/> |rowspan="10"|[[La Liga]] |7||1||1||0||1<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL>Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- |[[2005–06 FC Barcelona season|2005–06]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2005-06|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2005–06|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |17||6||2||1||6<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||1||0||0||25||8 |- |[[2006–07 FC Barcelona season|2006–07]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2006-07|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2006–07|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |26||14||2||2||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2006 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], five appearances an ane goal in [[2006–07 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||1||2<ref group="lower-alpha" name="SDE">Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]</ref>||0||36||17 |- |[[2007–08 FC Barcelona season|2007–08]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2007-08|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2007–08|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |28||10||3||0||9<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||6||colspan="2"|—||40||16 |- |[[2008–09 FC Barcelona season|2008–09]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2008-09|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2008–09|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |31||23||8||6||12<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||9||colspan="2"|—||51||38 |- |[[2009–10 FC Barcelona season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2009-10|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2009–10|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |35||34||3||1||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance in [[2009 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an aicht goals in [[2009–10 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||8||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an twa goals in [[2009 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2009 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||4||53||47 |- |[[2010–11 FC Barcelona season|2010–11]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2010-11|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2010–11|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |33||31||7||7||13<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||12||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||3||55||53 |- |[[2011–12 FC Barcelona season|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2011-12|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2011–12|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |37||50||7||3||12<ref group="lower-alpha">Ane appearance an ane goal in [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|UEFA Super Cup]], 11 appearances an 14 goals in [[2011–12 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]]</ref>||15||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Twa appearances an three goals in [[2011 Supercopa de España|Supercopa de España]], twa appearances an twa goals in [[2011 FIFA Club Warld Cup|FIFA Club Warld Cup]]</ref>||5||60||73 |- |[[2012–13 FC Barcelona season|2012–13]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/j1753.html?temp=2012-13|title=Messi: Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini: 2012–13|publisher=BDFutbol|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> |32||46||5||4||11<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||2||50||60 |- |[[2013–14 FC Barcelona season|2013–14]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|title=L. Messi|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2013|archive-date=2022-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162059/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/lionel-andres-messi/119/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |31||28||6||5||7<ref group=lower-alpha name=UCL/>||8||2<ref group=lower-alpha name=SDE/>||0||46||41 |- !colspan="2"|Total !277!!243!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!425!!354 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !309!!254!!44!!29!!89!!68!!15!!14!!457!!365 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ===International=== [[File:Lionel Messi – Portugal vs. Argentina, 9th February 2011.jpg|thumb|Messi playin against [[Portugal naitional fitbaa team|Portugal]] in [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]], on 9 Februar 2011.]]He has played in almost 1,000 games since he was born.{{updated|match played 1 Julie 2014.}}<ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/messi-intlg.html |title=Lionel Andrés Messi – Goals in International Matches |publisher=RSSSF |accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: A Career in Numbers|url=http://www.givemefootball.com/champions-league/lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78U8WekbB?url=https://www.givemesport.com/184384-lionel-messi-career-in-numbers|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lionel Messi: Career Statistics|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|accessdate=24 May 2012|archive-date=2013-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131194406/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/45843/lionel-messi|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Internaitional appearances==== <!-- update if game for Argentina --> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ International statistics |- !width="80"|Team !width="70"|Year !width="45"|Apps !width="45"|Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaa team|Argentinae]] |2005 |5 |0 |- |2006 |7 |2 |- |2007 |14 |6 |- |2008 |8 |2 |- |2009 |10 |3 |- |2010 |10 |2 |- |2011 |13 |4 |- |2012 |9 |12 |- |2013 |7 |6 |- |2014 |8 |5 |- !colspan=2|Total !91 !42 |} ====Internaitional goals==== :''Scores an results leet Argentinae's goal tally first.''<!-- update if goal for Argentina --> {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- !Goal!!Date!!Venue!!Opponent!!Score!!Result!!Competition |- |1||1 Mairch 2006||[[St. Jakob-Park]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]||{{fb|CRO}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–3||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |2||16 Juin 2006||[[Veltins-Arena|WM-Stadion Gelsenkirchen]], [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|SCG}}||align=center|'''6'''–0||align=center|6–0||[[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- |3||rowspan=2|5 Juin 2007||rowspan=2|[[Camp Nou]], [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|ALG}}||align=center|'''2'''–2||rowspan=2 align=center|4–3||rowspan=2|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |4||align=center|'''4'''–2 |- |5||8 Julie 2007||[[Estadio Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara|Metropolitano de Fútbol de Lara]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|PER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0||rowspan=2|[[2007 Copa América]] |- |6||11 Julie 2007||[[Polideportivo Cachamay]], [[Puerto Ordaz]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |7||16 October 2007||[[Estadio José Pachencho Romero|José Pachencho Romero]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Venezuela]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||rowspan=2|[[2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |8||20 November 2007||[[Estadio El Campín]], [[Bogotá]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–2 |- |9||4 Juin 2008||[[Qualcomm Stadium]], [[San Diego]], [[Unitit States]]||{{fb|MEX}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |10||11 October 2008||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |11||11 Februar 2009||[[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], [[Fraunce]]||{{fb|FRA}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |12||28 Mairch 2009||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2010 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |13||14 November 2009||[[Vicente Calderón Stadium]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|1–2||rowspan=5|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |14||7 September 2010||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ESP}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|4–1 |- |15||17 November 2010||[[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]||{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |16||9 Februar 2011||[[Stade de Genève]], [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]||{{fb|POR}}||align=center|'''2'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |17||20 Juin 2011||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ALB}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–0 |- |18||7 October 2011||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|4–1||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |19||15 November 2011||[[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Colombie]]||{{fb|COL}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||align=center|2–1 |- |20||rowspan=3|29 Februar 2012||rowspan=3|[[Stade de Suisse, Wankdorf|Stade de Suisse Wankdorf]], [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|SUI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|3–1||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |21||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |22||align=center|'''3'''–1 |- |23||2 Juin 2012||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|ECU}}||align=center|'''3'''–0||align=center|4–0||[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |24||rowspan=3|9 Juin 2012||rowspan=3|[[MetLife Stadium]], [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]], [[Unitit States]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|BRA}}||align=center|'''1'''–1||rowspan=3 align=center|4–3||rowspan=4|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |25||align=center|'''2'''–1 |- |26||align=center|'''4'''–3 |- |27||15 August 2012||[[Commerzbank-Arena]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Germany]]||{{fb|GER}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–1 |- |28||7 September 2012||[[Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes]], [[Córdoba, Argentinae|Córdoba]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''3'''–1||align=center|3–1||rowspan=5|[[2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA Warld Cup qualification]] |- |29||rowspan=2|12 October 2012||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Malvinas Argentinas]], [[Mendoza, Argentinae|Mendoza]], [[Argentina]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|URU}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–0 |- |30||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |31||16 October 2012||[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Estadio Nacional]], [[Santiago]], [[Chile]]||{{fb|CHI}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|2–1 |- |32||22 Mairch 2013||[[Estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti|Estadio Monumental]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|VEN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|3–0 |- |33||rowspan=3|14 Juin 2013||rowspan=3|[[Estadio Mateo Flores]], [[Guatemala Ceety]], [[Guatemala]]||rowspan=3|{{fb|GUA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=3 align=center|4–0||rowspan=3|[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |34||align=center|'''3'''–0 |- |35||align=center|'''4'''–0 |- |36||rowspan=2|10 September 2013||rowspan=2|[[Estadio Defensores del Chaco]], [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|PAR}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|5–2||rowspan=2|[[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- |37||align=center|'''4'''–1 |- |38||7 Juin 2014||[[Estadio Ciudad de La Plata]], [[La Plata]], [[Argentinae]]||{{fb|SVN}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–0||[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |- |39||15 Juin 2014||[[Estádio do Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|BIH}}||align=center|'''2'''–0||align=center|2–1||rowspan=4|[[2014 FIFA World Cup]] |- |40||21 Juin 2014||[[Mineirão]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]]||{{fb|IRN}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||align=center|1–0 |- |41||rowspan=2|25 Juin 2014||rowspan=2|[[Estádio Beira-Rio]], [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]]||rowspan=2|{{fb|NGA}}||align=center|'''1'''–0||rowspan=2 align=center|3–2 |- |42||align=center|'''2'''–1 |} == Ootside fitbaa == Messi haes three loons. His first son, Thiago, wis born 2 November 2012.{{citation needit}} He is the foonder o the Leo Messi Foundation, that aims tae help bairns in at-risk situations. He appent a bairns' pairk fur bairns bidin in the h hospital at the Varsity hospital Vall d’hebron in Barcelona. ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Lionel Messi}} *{{Official website|http://www.leomessi.com/}} {{ca icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} *[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi FC Barcelona profile] *[http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1753.html BDFutbol profile] *[http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 La Liga profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602121111/http://www.lfp.es/Temporada/FichaJugador.aspx?cj=7450 |date=2013-06-02 }} *{{soccerbase|39850}} *[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323003328/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/players/stats?id=45843&cc=5739 |date=2010-03-23 }} at ESPN *{{NFT player|pid=12066}} *{{FIFA player|229397}} *{{UEFA player|95803}} {{FC Barcelona squad}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awairds |bg=gold |list1= {{FIFA World Player of the Year winners}} {{Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{FIFA Ballon d'Or recipients}} {{World Soccer Footballer of the Year}} {{La Liga Foreign Player of the Year}} {{La Liga Forward of the Year}} {{La Liga Best Player of the Year}} {{Trofeo EFE}} {{FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball}} {{FIFA U-20 World Cup awards}} {{Argentine Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{UEFA Best Player in Europe}} {{Trofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano}} {{Bravo award winners}} {{Golden Boy award winners}} {{La Liga top scorers}} {{Copa del Rey top scorers}} {{European Golden Shoe}} {{UEFA Champions League top scorers}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title=Argentinae squads |bg=#6AB5FF |fg=white |bordercolor=#00355E |list1= {{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics}} {{Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2011 Copa América}} {{Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Messi, Lionel}} [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2011 Copa América players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2019 Copa América players]] [[Category:2021 Copa América players]] [[Category:2022 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:European Fitbawer o the Year winners]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:FC Barcelona B players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona C players]] [[Category:FC Barcelona players]] [[Category:FIFA Century Club]] [[Category:Fitbawers at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]] [[Category:Naturalisit ceetizens o Spain]] [[Category:Olympic fitbawers o Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for Argentinae]] [[Category:Olympic medallists in fitbaw]] [[Category:Fowk frae Rosario, Santa Fe]] [[Category:Pichichi Trophy winners]] [[Category:Segunda División B players]] [[Category:Tercera División players]] [[Category:UNICEF fowk]] [[Category:Medallists at the 2008 Simmer Olympics]] [[Category:Argentinae unner-20 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Major League Soccer players]] [[Category:Inter Miami CF players]] c9maida7pp1i78xq1l76dw64wnfqony 0 129641 918810 798910 2026-06-26T13:24:13Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag 918810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | name = Gerd Binnig | image = Gerd Binnig at the Memorial Symposium for Heinrich Rohrer (cropped) 2.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|7|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Frankfurt am Main]] | death_date = | death_place = | field = [[Pheesics]] | alma_mater = [[Goethe Varsity Frankfurt|J.W. Goethe Varsity, Frankfurt]] | doctoral_advisor = Werner Martienssen<br />Eckhardt Hoenig | doctoral_students = D. P. E. Smith, [[Franz Josef Giessibl]], Frank Ohnesorge | work_institution = [[IBM Zurich Research Laboratory]] | known_for = [[Scanning tunnelin microscope]], [[atomic force microscope]] | prizes = {{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] (1986)<br>[[Elliott Cresson Medal|The Elliott Cresson Medal]] (1987) }} }} '''Gerd Binnig''' (born 20 Julie 1947<ref name="nobelbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/binnig-bio.html|title=Gerd Binnig - Biographical|publisher=Nobel Media AB|year=1986|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref>) is a [[German fowk|German]] pheesicist, who won the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] in 1986 for the invention o the [[scannin tunnelin microscope]].<ref name="nobelPR">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 - Press Release|publisher=Nobel Media AB|date=1986-10-15|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Science}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Binnig, Gerd}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Experimental pheesicists]] [[Category:German Nobel laureates]] [[Category:German inventors]] [[Category:German physicists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Frankfurt]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Ludwig Maximilian Varsity o Munich alumni]] [[Category:Microscopists]] [[Category:Members o the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science an Airt]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:IBM employees]] [[Category:IBM Fellaes]] [[Category:Goethe Varsity Frankfurt alumni]] 60f929btnlm78x9sgj7tjys3n1c6y0t 918826 918810 2026-06-27T00:57:04Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 918826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes | name = Gerd Binnig | image = Gerd Binnig at the Memorial Symposium for Heinrich Rohrer (cropped) 2.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1947|7|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Frankfurt am Main]] | death_date = | death_place = | field = [[Pheesics]] | alma_mater = [[Goethe Varsity Frankfurt|J.W. Goethe Varsity, Frankfurt]] | doctoral_advisor = Werner Martienssen<br />Eckhardt Hoenig | doctoral_students = D. P. E. Smith, [[Franz Josef Giessibl]], Frank Ohnesorge | work_institution = [[IBM Zurich Research Laboratory]] | known_for = [[Scannin tunnelin microscope]], [[atomic force microscope]] | prizes = {{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] (1986)<br>[[Elliott Cresson Medal|The Elliott Cresson Medal]] (1987) }} }} '''Gerd Binnig''' (born 20 Julie 1947)<ref name="nobelbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/binnig-bio.html|title=Gerd Binnig - Biographical|publisher=Nobel Media AB|year=1986|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref> is a German pheesicist, wha wan the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] in 1986 fur the invention o the [[scannin tunnelin microscope]].<ref name="nobelPR">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 - Press Release|publisher=Nobel Media AB|date=1986-10-15|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Science}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Binnig, Gerd}} [[Category:1947 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Experimental pheesicists]] [[Category:German Nobel laureates]] [[Category:German inventors]] [[Category:German physicists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Frankfurt]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Ludwig Maximilian Varsity o Munich alumni]] [[Category:Microscopists]] [[Category:Members o the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science an Airt]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:IBM employees]] [[Category:IBM Fellaes]] [[Category:Goethe Varsity Frankfurt alumni]] gwazbdvzjxxxypi8m7fjy70cgn6uz1w 0 231720 918835 898597 2026-06-27T09:32:51Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in stub tag 918835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Lombard | nativename = {{lang|lmo|lombard}}, {{lang|lmo|lumbard}}, {{lang|lmo|lumbart}}, {{lang|lmo|lombart}} | states = {{plainlist| *[[Italy]] *[[Swisserland]] }} | region = Italy<ref name=JMI>{{cite book |title=One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups |url=https://archive.org/details/oneeuropemanynat0000mina |first=James |last=Minahan |year=2000 |place=Westport}}</ref><ref name=CMO>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages |first=Christopher |last=Moseley |year=2007 |place=New York}}</ref><ref name=AFI>{{cite book |title=Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy |first=Paolo |last=Coluzzi |year=2007 |place=Berne}}</ref> *[[Lombardy]] *[[Piemont]] *[[Sooth Tyrol]] *[[Trentino]] Swisserland<ref name=JMI/><ref name=CMO/><ref name=AFI/> *[[Graubünden]] *[[Ticino]] Brazil<ref name="auto">Spoak i [[Botuverá]], i [[Brazil]], municipality estaiblished bi Italian migrants comin' fae the valley atween [[Treviglio]] an [[Crema, Lombardy|Crema]]. A thesis o [[Leiden University]] anent ''Brasilian Bergamasque'': [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/52581/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1].</ref> *[[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] | speakers = 3.8 million | date = 2002 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Italic leids|Italic]] | fam3 = [[Laitino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]] | fam4 = [[Laitin]] | fam5 = [[Romance languages|Romance]] | fam6 = [[Italo-Westren languages|Italo-Westren]] | fam7 = [[Westren Romance languages|Western Romance]] | fam8 = Gallo-Iberian | fam9 = [[Gallo-Romance leid|Gallo-Romance]] | fam10 = [[Gallo-Italic leids|Gallo-Italic]] | fam11 = Lombard–[[Piedmontese leids|Piedmontese]]?<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/piem1239 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Piemontese-Lombard |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029130658/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/piem1239 |archive-date=2023-10-29 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]] |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=[[Leipzig]] |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free}}</ref> | dia1 = [[Westren Lombard dialect|Westren Lombard]] | dia2 = [[Eastren Lombard dialect|Eastren Lombard]] | iso3 = lmo | glotto = lomb1257 | glottorefname = Lombard | lingua = 51-AAA-oc & 51-AAA-od | notice = IPA | map = File:Lombard_Language_distribution.png | mapcaption = '''Lombard language distribution in Europe:''' {{legend|#01987c|Areas where Lombard is spoak}} {{legend|#01f0c4|Areas where Lombard is spoak alang wi ither leids ([[Alemannic German|Alemannic]], [[Ladin leid|Ladin]] and [[Romansh leid|Romansh]]) an areas o linguistic transition (wi [[Piedmontese leid|Piedmontese]], wi [[Emilian leid|Emilian]] an wi [[Venetian leid|Venetian]])}} {{legend|#a6feee|Areas o influence o Lombard (Tridentine dialeck)}} '''?''' Areas o uncertain diffusion o Ladin | map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg | script = Laitin | ancestor = [[Auld Laitin]] | ancestor2 = [[Vulgar Laitin]] | ancestor3 = [[Proto-Romance language|Proto-Romance]] | ancestor4 = [[Auld Lombard]] | mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Lombard is classified as Definitely Endangered bi the UNESCO [[Atlas o the Warld's Leids i Danger]]}}}} }} '''Lombard''' ({{Lang-lmo|lombard, lumbart, lombart, lumbard}}, based on the orthography) is a [[Gallo-Italic leids|Gallo-Italic]] leid that is spoak i [[Lombardy]], [[Piemont]], an [[Trentino]] i [[Italy]], [[Graubünden|Grisons]] an [[Ticino]] i [[Swisserland]], an [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] i [[Brazil]]. Lombard is descendit fae [[Auld Lombard]], that wis spoak fae the 13t tae 14t yeirhunner. Lombard haes 3.8 million spikkers, shawn i a report fae 2002. ==References== <references /> {{Stub/Leid}} 788xomks2i3zo9zhb4b16ptyrhw7uio 2 232706 918833 918024 2026-06-27T01:07:13Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name= Mr.Murdoch |image= A small loch in the saddle between Beinn an Dothaidh and Beinn Dorain, Scotland 01.jpg |caption= This photae o a [[Loch|smaa loch]] locatit atween Beinn an Dothaidh an Beinn Dorain shaws hou bonnie wir [[Scotland|kintra]] is. |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|03|21}} |birth_place= [[Glesga]], Scotland |residence= [[Lunnon]], Ingland |nationality= Scots |education= [[Glesga Varsity]] |occupation= Wikipaedian |years active= Syne 2025 |notable works= {{hlist|Create airticles on Wikipaedia|Fecht against vandalism|Walcomin new uisers an providin uphaud whan needit}} |spouse= She wis a gey guid bairnheid freend; ane day we becam closer, an then we got marriet in 2002. Syne then, she haes been ma true luve. <3 |children= 3 |status={{nowrap|[[File:Symbol confirmed.svg|15px|alt=Green tick in circle|link=]]&nbsp;'''Active'''}}}} Hullo, this is Mr. Murdoch! A'm frae [[Glesga]], but a bide in [[Lunnon]] nou. A mainly contreibute tae the [[Scots Wikipaedia]], but ye kin find me on the [[Simple Inglis Wikipaedia]] an Wikidata an aa. == Aboot me == === Whit a'm daein here === ==== The raeson why a'm here ==== Afore creatin ma accoont an stairtin tae contreibute, a occasionally veesitit [[Wikipaedia]] throu ma wab brouser tae read mony airticles, an a noticed that mony airticles warnae written correctly in [[Scots leid|Scots]], an that mony airticles wis missin compared tae ither Wikipaedias in ither leids. A then decidit tae create an accoont wi the aim o impruivin existin airticles an enrichin the [[Scots Wikipaedia]] bi creatin new anes. ==== Hou a write ma airticles ==== Maist o the time a contreibute bi owersettin airticles frae the Inglis Wikipaedia, but a create airticles wioot copyin content frae the Inglis Wikipaedia an aa, pairticulairly whan a diskiver a topic that isnae yit on Wikipaedia or that exists but coud be impruivit. Syne a dinnae lik reid links, whan a create an airticle a aften create relatit airticles tae mak wir encyclopaedia mair complete. ==== Ma ither goal here ==== A dinnae lik vandalism an a fecht against it. A dinnae lik fowk wha mak thir edits an a'm against it. A dinnae unnerstaund thaim, acause we shoud be a unitit commonty wirkin tae impruive this projeck. A dinnae see the pynt fur thir fowk in destroyin sic a guid projeck that brings thegither sae muckle knawledge. [[File:Information.svg|alt=Information icon|25x25px]] If ye're readin this, please mynd ye're on the Scots Wikipaedia, nae the Inglis Wikipaedia. [[Scots leid|Scots]] isnae [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]; it's nae Inglis wi mistaks, sae dinnae replace it wi Inglis. It's a [[leid]] in its awn richt, sae please respect it ! [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: ''Scots Wikipedia is not English Wikipedia; Scots is not English, it is not English with spelling mistakes, it is a language in its own right, so avoid replacing it with English.'' ==== Commonty ==== A'm forby ane o the fowk wha will walcome ye whan ye arrive here an will help ye if ye encoonter ony difficulties; if sae, ye kin write tae me on ma [[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|collogue page]]! :) == Uisefu links == * [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines]] * [[Help:Eeditin]] * [[Wikipedia:Scots-English-Scots dictionar]] == Leet o airticles a hae creatit == Currently, a hae creatit 65 airticles on the Scots Wikipaedia: * [[Companion (film)|''Companion'' (film)]] * [[Hrishikesh Hirway]] * [[Leet o actors wha hae pleyed the Doctor]] * ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'' * [[Jay Harrington]] * ''[[13 Reasons Why]]'' * [[Christophe Maé]] * [[Amir Haddad]] * [[Gaëtan Roussel]] * [[Louise Attaque]] * [[Molly Brown (actress)]] * ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' * ''[[TVLine]]'' * [[Katherine Langford]] * [[Dylan Minnette]] * [[Alisha Boe]] * [[Justin Prentice]] * [[Clay Jensen]] * [[Luke Bracey]] * [[Lord Huron]] * [[AllMusic]] * [[The Night We Met]] * [[Elizabeth Lail]] * [[Iris Mittenaere]] * ''[[La Voix du Nord]]'' * ''[[Le Parisien]]'' * ''[[Le Progrès]]'' * ''[[Gala (magazine)|Gala]]'' [[Gala (magazine)|(magazine)]] * ''[[Midi Libre]]'' * ''[[Paris Match]]'' * ''[[Me Before You]]'' * ''[[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|A Star Is Born]]'' [[A Star Is Born (2018 film)|(2018 film)]] * [[Eric Winter]] * [[Melissa O'Neil]] * [[Alyssa Diaz]] * ''[[Holidate]]'' * [[Jean-Pierre Pernaut]] * [[Mercedes Mason]] * [[Tru Valentino]] * [[Titus Makin Jr.]] * ''[[Red Notice (film)|Red Notice]]'' [[Red Notice (film)|(film)]] * [[Ellie MacDowall]] * ''[[Lewis Capaldi: How I'm Feeling Now]]'' * [[Dysorthography]] * [[Dyslexia]] * [[Survive (Lewis Capaldi sang)]] * [[Developmental coordination ail]] * [[Someone You Loved]] * [[Before You Go (Lewis Capaldi sang)]] * [[Wish You the Best (sang)]] * [[Pointless (sang)]] * [[How I'm Feeling Now (sang)]] * [[From (TV series)|''From'' (TV series)]] * ''[[Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight]]'' * ''[[Grand Theft Auto VI]]'' * [[Camera (sang)]] * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] * [[Hannah Cheramy]] * [[Avery Konrad]] * [[Arian Cartaya]] * [[Clara Stack]] * [[War of the Worlds (2019 TV series)|''War of the Worlds'' (2019 TV series)]] * [[Playback (magazine)|''Playback'' (magazine)]] * [[Love Is a Long Road (sang)]] * [[Witold Tumanowicz]] == Request tae create an airticle == * [[Scots leid|Scots]]: If ye cannae find the airticle ye're leukin fur in yer sairch, an ye dinnae ken [[Scots leid|Scots]] or dinnae want tae contreibute yersel, ye kin ask me tae create the missin airticle on the [[Scots Wikipaedia]] via [[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|ma collogue page]]. Please provide me wi the title o the page tae be creatit, a short description, ane or mair soorces, an specify if the airticle awready exists on [[Wikipaedia|Wikipaedia in anither leid]]. If it's an airticle that disnae exist on ony ither Wikipaedia version, mak shuir aforehaund that it complies wi the [[:Category:Wikipaedia policies|Scots Wikipaedia policies]]. * [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: ''If you can't find the article you're looking for and you don't know [[Scots leid|Scots]] or don't want to contribute yourself, you can ask me to create the missing article on [[Scots Wikipaedia|Scots Wikipedia]] via [[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Please provide me with the title of the page to be created, a short description, one or more sources, and specify if the article already exists on [[Wikipaedia|Wikipedia in another language]]. If it's an article that doesn't exist on any other Wikipedia version, make sure beforehand that it complies with the [[:Category:Wikipaedia policies|Scots Wikipedia policies]].'' i1s5x5c2l5ywknvd3o7kkye2ot5fhzg 2 233624 918811 918774 2026-06-26T13:28:11Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 918811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | native_name = {{native name|pl|Śląsk}}<br />{{native name|szl|Ślōnsk}}<br />{{native name|cs|Slezsko}}<br />{{native name|de|Schlesien}}<br />{{native name|sli|Schläsing}} | settlement_type = [[Historical Region]] | image_shield = [[File:Generic Silesia CoA.svg|150px]] | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Ślůnsk 1335-1675.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1335-1675|[[File:Ślůnsk apx 1815 -1945.png|frameless]]|Show Silesia 1815-1939|default=1}} | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Ducheries & Province of Silesia on kairt of Mid Europe | coordinates = {{coord|51.6|N|17.2|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{plainlist| *[[Poland]] *[[Czech Republic]] *[[Germany]]}} | seat_type = Mucklest ceity | seat = [[Wrocław]] | area_total_km2 = 40400 | population_total = c. 8000000 | population_density_km2 = 200 | population_demonym = [[Silesians|Silesian]] | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 }} '''Silesia'''{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʒ|ə|,_|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʃ|i|ə}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zhə|,_|sy|LEE|shee|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|UKalso|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|z|i|ə}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zee|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʒ|i|ə|,_|s|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|ʃ|ə|,_|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|iː|-}} {{respell|sy|LEE|zhee|ə|,_|sy|LEE|shə|,_|sil|EE|-}}.<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Silesia|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/silesia|title=Silesia|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Silesia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723000000/http://www.lexico.com/definition/Silesia |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-07-23 |title=Silesia |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Silesia|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>}} (tak a scance till the names ablow) is a historical pairt of Mid Europe that nou liggs maistly intil [[Poland]], wi smaa pairts in the Czech Republic an [[Germany]]. Its area is about {{Convert|40000|km2|-2}}, an the populace is upcuissen at 8,000,000. Silesia is riven intae twa maist subregions, Nether Silesia wastle an Iver Silesia eastle. Situate alang the [[Oder]] River, wi the [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] raxin athort the southren mairch, Silesia is a heichly industrialised region rife of mineral an naitural resources. The mucklest toun an Nether Silesia's capital is [[Wrocław]]; the historic capital of Iver Silesia is [[Opole]]. The mucklest metropolitan airt is the Katowice metropolitan airt, the hert of whilk is Katowice. Pairts of the Czech toun of Ostrava an the German toun of Görlitz are situate intil Silesia's historic mairches. Silesia’s culture reflecks its wimpled history an diverse influences, takin in Polish, Czech, an German swatches. The region is kent for its unique Silesian langidge (spoken yet bi a smaa feck of fowk bidin in Iver Silesia), brawlie decored hamelt graith, hairty regional cuisine, an a mixter-maxter of [[Gothic airchitectur|Gothic]], Baroque, an industrial-era architectur seen in its ceities an touns. The region conteens mony historical meiths an [[Warld Heritage Steid|UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids]]. Silesia's mairches an national affiliation haes chyngit throu time, baith whan it wis a heirship aucht of [[Feudalism|noble housses]] an efter the rise of our ain day [[Naition state|nation-states]], resultin in a rowth of castles an stranghauds, mairbetoken in the Jelenia Góra vailley. First heild bi Great Moravia in the back end of the 9t century an Bohemia in the early 10t century, Silesia wis taen intae the ear Polish state, an efter its feudal division in the 12t century it creatit the Duchery of Silesia. As a result of farrer division, it wis daled intae individual ducheries, ruled bi diverse lines of the Polish Piast dynasty. In the 14t century, it haed become ane of the territories belanging the Bohemian Croun Launds unner the [[Halie Romane Rik|Halie Roman Empire]], the whilk wis gien the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy in 1526; housomever, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of Polish dukes (Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]], Sobieski) for feu'd Bohemian [[Feudalism|feus]]. As a result of the Silesian Weirs, the region wis annexed wi [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]] frae Austria in 1742 an syne became pairt of the [[German Empire]] in 1871. Efter [[Warld War I|Warld Weir I]], whan the Poles an Czechs haed wun back their independence, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia became pairt of Poland bi the decision of the Entente Pouers efter upsets bi Poles an the Iver Silesian plebiscite, while the lave of the umwhile Austrian pairts of Silesia wir daled atween [[Czechoslovakie|Czechoslovakia]] an Poland. Durin [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]], as a result of German occupation the haill region wis unner the maistry of [[Nazi Germany]]. In 1945, efter Warld Weir II, maist of the German-heild Silesia wis transferred tae Polish jurisdiction wi the Potsdam Greement atween the victorious Allies and became pairt of Poland. The smaa Lusatian skelp bewast the Oder–Neisse line, the whilk haed belanged Silesia sin 1815, became pairt of [[East Germany]]. Ower the heids of the forced popular shifts in 1945–48, the day's indwallers of Silesia speaks the national leids of their respective kintras. Umwhile German-speakin Nether Silesia haes developed a new mell'd Polish dialeck an new-farrant graith. There is ongaun debate anent whither the Silesian leid, commonly spoken in Iver Silesia, shid be consithert a dialeck of [[Pols leid|Polish]] or a sindry langidge. The Nether Silesian German dialeck is aweers of deein out ower the heids of its speakers' gettin herriet out. == Etymology == The names of Silesia in different leids maist likely skairs their etymology—the Polish: Śląsk {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔ̃sk||Pl-Śląsk.ogg}}; the German: Schlesien {{IPA|de|ˈʃleːzi̯ən||De-Schlesien.ogg}}; the Czech: Slezsko {{IPA|cs|ˈslɛsko|}}; the Nether Silesian: Schläsing; the Silesian: Ślōnsk {{IPA|szl|ɕlonsk|}}; the Nether Sorbian: Šlazyńska {{IPA|dsb|ˈʃlazɨnʲska|}}; the Iver Sorbian: Šleska {{IPA|hsb|ˈʃlɛska|}}; the Slovak: Sliezsko; [[Laitin|the Laitin]], the Spainish an the English: ''Silesia''; the French: Silésie; the Dutch: Silezië; the Italian: Slesia. The names aa effeir tae the name of a river (nou kent as Ślęza) an ben (Ben Ślęża) in mid-southren Silesia, the whilk sair'd for a releigious steid till pagans afore Christianization. ''Ślęża'' is listed as ane of the num'rous Pre-Indo-European topographic names in the region (tak a scance till [[:en:Old_European_hydronymy|auld European hydronymy]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zbigniew|first=Babik|date=2001|title=Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny|journal=Uniwersitas, Kraków}}</ref> Frae the wittins of a puckle Polonists, the name ''Ślęża'' {{IPA|pl|ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa|}} or ''Ślęż'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛ̃ʂ|}} is sib tae the Auld Polish wirds ''ślęg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɛŋk|}} or ''śląg'' {{IPA|pl|ɕlɔŋk|}}, meanin dunkieness, moister, or humidity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Rudolf|date=2007|title=Onomastica slavogermanica|journal=Uniwersytet Wrocławski|volume=|pages=}}</ref> They differ wi the hypothesis that the name ''Śląsk'' haes its ruits in the name of the Silings clan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jankuhn|first=Herbert|last2=Beck|first2=Heinrich|date=2006|others=et. al.|title=Wandalen|journal=Germanische Altertumskunde Online|language=the German|edition=2t|volume=33|quote="Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen [...] – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben [...]"}}</ref> In Polish day-tae-day speech, "Śląsk" refers tae traditionally Polish Iver Silesia an the day's Silesian Voivodeship, but less tae Nether Silesia, the whilk is unalike frae Iver Silesia in mony pairts sin the feck of its popular spoke German frae roun about the mid-19t century ontill 1945–48.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski|title=Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2003|page=183|language=the German}}</ref> == History == [[File:Polska_960_-_992.svg|left|thumb|200x200px|Kairt of Poland wi Silesia (''Śląsk'') in the year 992 durin the maistry of Mieszko I]] In the fowert century BC frae the south, throu the Kłodzko Vailley, the Celts made ingangins intil Silesia, an made hame around Ben Ślęża nearhaund our ain day [[Wrocław]], Oława an Strzelin. Germanic Lugii clans wir first recordit athin Silesia in the 1t century BC. [[Wast Slavs]] an Lechites wan till the pairt roun about the 7t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=37-38}}</ref> an bi the ear ninth century, their colonies haed become stabilised. Local Wast Slavs stertit upsettin boundary structures like the Silesian Przesieka an the Silesia Waws. The easten mairch of Silesian sattlement wis situate bewast the Bytom, an be-east [[Racibórz]] an Cieszyn. Be-east this line wonned a sib Lechitic clan kent as the Vistulans. Their northern mairch wis in the vailley of the Barycz River, north of whilk bedd the Wastren Polans clan that gied Poland its name.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> The first kent states in Silesia wis Greater Moravia an Bohemia. In the 10t century, the Polish ruler Mieszko I of the Piast dynasty haed taen Silesia intae the newly foundit Polish state. In 1000, the Diocie of Wrocław wis foundit as the auldest [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] diocie in the region, an ane of the auldest diocies in Poland, thirled tae the Roman Catholic Airchdiocie of Gniezno. Poland repelled German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at Niemcza an in 1109 at Głogów. Durin the Feudal Division of Poland, Silesia and the lave of the kintra wis pairtit intae mony smawer ducheries ruled bi sindry Silesian dukes. In 1178, pairts of the Duchery of Kraków roun about Bytom, Oświęcim, [[Chrzanów]], an Siewierz wir transferred tae the Silesian Piasts, even tho their popular wis feckly Vistulan an nae of Silesian stock.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> [[File:Silesia_1172-1177.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Silesia in the fore-end of Poland's feudal division, 1172–1177, Nether Silesia wi Lubusz Laund in orange, Iver Silesia in green an yella]] Walloons came tae Silesia as ane of the foremaist fremmit incomer wheens in [[Poland]], maist likely makin hame in Wrocław syne the 12th century, wi farrer Walloon incomers invited bi Duke Henry the Bairdit in the ear 13t century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zientara|first=Benedykt|title=Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku|publisher=Przegląd Historyczny|year=1975|volume=66/3|pages=353, 357|language=the Polish}}</ref> Sin the 13t century, German cultural an ethnic influence gaed up as a result of incomers frae German-speakin states of the [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]]. The foremaist designin of municipal privileges in Poland haed taen place in the toun of [[Złotoryja]] bi Henry the Bairdit. Medieval municipal richts modelled efter Lwówek Śląski an Środa Śląska, baith foundit bi Henry the Bairdit, haed become the founds of the municipal form of government till a curnie ceities an touns in Poland, an twa of five local Polish forms of medieval toun richts. The Beuk of Henryków, the whilk conteens the earest kent sentence written in the Polish leid, as weel as a writ conteenin the auldest prented text in the Polish, wis creatit in Henryków an Wrocław in Silesia, respectively. In 1241, the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] cairried out their first invasion of Poland, creatin rife pilget an mass flicht. They reived the feck of the region an defaitit the jyned Polish, Moravian an German forces heidit bi Duke Henry II the Pious at the Stour of Legnica, whilk haed taen place at Legnickie Pole nearhaund [[Legnica]]. Straicht efter the daith of Orda Khan, the Mongols decidit nae to bensel farrer intae Europe, but gaed back east tae tak pairt in the election of a new Grand Khan (heid yin). Atween 1289 an 1292, Bohemian king Wenceslaus II became ''suzerain'' of a puckle of the Iver Silesian ducheries. Polish monarchs haedna gien ower their heirship richts tae Silesia till 1335.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=81}}</ref> The province became pairt of the Bohemian Croun whilk wis pairt of the Hailie Roman Empire; houaniver, a wheen of ducheries bedd unner the maistry of the Polish dukes frae the housses of Piast, [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon]] and Sobieski for feu'd Bohemian feus (a puckle till the 17t–18t centuries). Atween 1469 an 1490, the pairt was unner the maistry of Matthias Corvinus, wha haed whummel't the Bohemian throne. In 1526 Silesia wis haundit ower wi the Bohemian Crown tae the Habsburg monarchy. In the 15t century, a curnie chynges wir made tae Silesia's mairches. Pairts of the territories that haed gotten transferred tae the Silesian Piasts in 1178 wir coff't wi the Polish kings in the saicont hauf of the 15t century (the Duchery of Oświęcim in 1457; the Duchery of Zator in 1494). The Bytom airt bedd in the aucht of the Silesian Piasts, tho it wis a pairt of the Diocie of Kraków.<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.)|title=Historia Śląska|year=2007|location=Wrocław|pages=21-22}}</ref> The Duchery of Krosno Odrzańskie ({{Lang|de|Crossen}}) wis heired bi the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1476 and wi the renunciation of King [[Ferdinand I, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, it became pairt an pertinent of Brandenburg. Atween 1645 an 1666, the Duchery of Opole an Racibórz was hauden in wad wi the Polish Houss of Vasa in tocher of the Polish queen Cecylia Renata. [[File:Crown_of_Bohemia_1648.png|thumb|Launds of the Bohemian Croun atween 1635 an 1742, afore the maist of Silesia was gien ower tae [[Kinrick o Proushie|Prussia]]]] [[File:Silesia-map.svg|left|thumb|Kairt of Austrian an Prussian Silesia wi modren national mairches: {{Legend|#00ffff|[[Austrian Silesia]], 1740}}{{Legend|#ffffff|[[Prussian Silesia]], 1871}}{{Legend|#0000ff|[[Oder]]}}]] In 1742, maist of Silesia wis claucht wi King [[Frederick the Great|Frederick II of Prussia]] in the Weir of the Austrian Succession, at the hinner end becomin the Prussian Province of Silesia in 1815; ower the heids of this, Silesia became pairt of the [[German Empire]] whan it wis latten wit in 1871. The Silesian capital Breslau became than ane of the big ceities in Germany. Breslau wis a centre of Jewish life in Germany an a wechty steid of science (college) an industry (manufacturin of steam-ingines). German mass tourism stertit in the Silesian hielaunds (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe). [[File:Wrocław_Rynek_18_sm.jpg|left|thumb|279x279px|Teipical Silesian baroque architectur in [[Wrocław]]]] Efter Warld Weir I, a pairt of Silesia, kent as Iver Silesia, wis quarreled wi Germany an the newly independent Saicont Polish Republic. The League of Nations organised a plebiscite tae sattle the maitter in 1921. It haed resultit in 60% of votes gettin cuissen for Germany an 40% for Poland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Provinz Oberschlesien Volksabstimmungen 1920 und 1922|url=https://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Preussen/Oberschlesien/Volksentscheide.html|url-status=live|language=the German}}</ref> Efter the third Silesian raibblin (1921), houaniver, the eastmaist pairt of Iver Silesia (as weel as Katowice), wi a feckly ethnic Polish populace, wis gien Poland, becomin the Silesian Voivodeship. The Prussian Province of Silesia intil Germany wis than dividit intae the provinces of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia. Meantime, Austrian Silesia, the smaa pairt of Silesia keppit bi Austria efter the Silesian Weirs, wis maistly gien tae the new Czechoslovakia (at the hinner-end kent as Czech Silesia an Trans-Olza), awtho maist of Cieszyn an laund be-east of it gaed tae Poland. Polish Silesia wis amang the foremaist regions invadit durin Germany's 1939 sailyie on Poland, the whilk stertit [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]]. Ane of the claimed ettles of Nazi German occupation, mairbetoken in Iver Silesia, wis the extermination of thaim wham the Nazis thocht tae be "subhuman", viz Jews an ethnic Poles. The Polish an Jewish fowk of the than Polish pairt of Silesia wis subjectit tae genocide involvin herryin outs, mass murther an transportation till Nazi concentration camps an forced lawbour camps, while Germans war sattled seekin for [[:en:Lebensraum|Lebensraum]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Piotr Eberhardt|title=Political Migrations in Poland 1939-1948|year=2006|location=Warsaw|pages=25}}</ref> Twa thousan Polish intellectuals, politicians, an businessmen wir murthered durin the Intelligenzaktion Schlesien<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|year=2009|location=Warszawa|language=the Polish}}</ref> in 1940 as pairt of a Germanization program aa ower the kintra. Silesia alsae houssed ane of the twa maist weirtime centres whaur medical pratticks wir conductit on kidnappit Polish bairns wi Nazis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Uzarczyk|first=Kamila|title=Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras i ich realizacja na przykładzie Śląska w latach 1924-1944|date=2002|publisher=Wydawn. Adam Marszałek|isbn=978-83-7322-287-8|location=Toruń}}</ref> Czech Silesia wis occupied bi Germany as pairt of Sudetenland. In Silesia, [[Nazi Germany]] operate the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, a curnie prisoner-of-weir camps till Allied POWs (amang thaim, the maist Stalag VIII-A, Stalag VIII-B, Stalag VIII-C camps), num'rous Nazi wards an thousans of forced lawbour camps, amang thaim a netwark of forced lawbour camps allanerly till Poles (Polenlager), sub-camps of wards, POW camps an the Gross-Rosen an [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] concentration camps. The [[Potsdam Conference|Potsdam Collogue]] of 1945 haed estaiblish't the Oder-Neisse line as the mairch atween Germany an Poland ontil a hindmaist peace collogue wi Germany cuid be hauden (the whilk niver teuk place).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q40tDwAAQBAJ|title=The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781847790323|page=50}}</ref> In the back end of WWII, Germans in Silesia teuk leg bail frae the battle grund, thinkin they wad be able tae come back whan the weir wis by-wi. Housomever, they cuidna come back, an thaim that haed steyed wir herried out an a new Polish popular, amang thaim wis fowk that wis herried out frae umwhile Easten Poland annexed bi the Soviet Union an frae Mid Poland, jyned the lave of the native Polish inhaibitants frae the region. Efter 1945 an in 1946, nearhaund aa of the 4.5 meillion Silesians wi German ruits flichtit, or wir steekit in camps an herried out, amang thaim a wheen thousan German Jews that haed pitten ower the Holocaust an haed come back tae Silesia. The newly foundit Polish Unitit Wirkers' Pairty creatit a Ministry of the Recovered Territories that owned the hauf of the available plou-grund for state-run collectivized fairms. Mony of the new Polish Silesians, wha murned the Germans for their invasion in 1939 an fellness in occupation, nou murned the newly foundit Polish communist government for their populace shiftin an makin an messin wi fairmin an industrial affairs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lukowski, Zawadski|first=Jerzy, Hubert|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278|title=A Concise History of Poland|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-61857-1|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00luko/page/278 278–280]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The admeinistrative division of Silesia intil Poland haes chyngit a curnie times sin 1945. Syne 1999, it haes been daled atween Lubusz Voivodeship, Nether Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship, an Silesian Voivodeship. Czech Silesia is nou pairt of the Czech Republic, formin pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Airt an the northern pairt of the Olomouc Airt. Germany keps the Silesia-Lusatia airt ({{Lang|de|Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz}} or {{Lang|de|Schlesische Oberlausitz}}) bewast the Neisse, the whilk is pairt of the federal state of [[Saxony]]. The region wis prejudged wi the 1997, 2010 an 2024 Mid European fluids. === Ethnic history === [[File:Silesia_Language_Map_1905.png|thumb|Mither Tungs of Silesia, frae the wittins of the 1905 Census]] Our ain day Silesia is inhaibitit bi [[Poles]], Silesians, [[Germans]], and Czechs. Germans first came till Silesia durin the Late Medieval Ostsiedlung.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weinhold|first=Karl|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CqpCAAAAIAAJ|title=Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien|publisher=J. Engelhorn|year=1887|location=Stuttgart|language=the German|trans-title=The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia}}</ref> The lest Polish census in 2011 shawed that the Silesians are the mucklest ethnic or national minority in Poland, an Germans the saicont; baith groups bide maistly in Iver Silesia. The Czech pairt of Silesia is inhaibitit bi Czechs, Moravians, Silesians, and Poles. In the ear 19t century the popular of the Prussian pairt of Silesia wis atween 2/3 an 3/4 German-speakin, atween 1/5 an 1/3 Polish-speakin, wi Sorbs, Czechs, Moravians an Jews makin up the ither smawer minorities (tak a scance till Table 1. ablow). Afore the Saicont Warld Weir, Silesia wis inhaibitit maistly bi Germans, whereas Poles wir a muckle minority, formin a plurality in Iver Silesia.<ref name="Gumpert">{{Cite book|last=Jobst Gumpert|title=Polen, Deutschland|publisher=Callwey|year=1966|pages=138|language=the German}}</ref> Silesia wis alsae the hame of a smaw feck of Czech an Jewish fowk. The German populace wis maistly wonnin in the urban pairts an in the laundward airts fund in the north an wast, whereas the Polish popular wis maistly laundward an cuid be fund in the east an in the south.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunt Tooley|first=T|date=1997|title=National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922|journal=University of Nebraska Press|language=the English|pages=17}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Table 1. Ethno-leid structure of Prussian Silesia in years 1787–1823 !Ethnic group !frae. G. Hassel in 1819<ref name="Georg Hassel">{{Cite book|last=Georg Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=the German|quote=}}</ref> !% !frae. S. Plater in 1823{{Sfn|Plater|1825}} !% !frae. T. Ładogórski in 1787<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ładogórski|first=Tadeusz|title=Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806|publisher=edited by W. Długoborski|year=1966|location=Wrocław|pages=150|language=the Polish}}</ref> !% |- |'''Germans''' |1,561,570 |'''75.6''' |1,550,000 |'''70.5''' |1,303,300 |'''74.6''' |- |'''Poles''' |444,000 |'''21.5''' |600,000 |'''27.3''' |401,900 |'''23.0''' |- |'''Sorbs''' |24,500 |'''1.2''' |30,000 |'''1.4''' |900 |'''0.1''' |- |'''Czechs''' |5,500 |'''0.3''' | | |32,600 |'''1.9''' |- |'''Moravians''' |12,000 |'''0.6''' | | | | |- |'''Jews''' |16,916 |'''0.8''' |20,000 |'''0.9''' |8,900 |'''0.5''' |- |'''Popular''' |'''c. 2.1&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |'''c. 2.2&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |'''c. 1.8&nbsp;meillion''' |'''100''' |} Ethnic structure of Prussian Iver Silesia ([[Opole]] regency) durin the 19t century an the ear 20t century can be fund in Table 2.: {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! colspan="18" |Table 2. Nummers of Polish, German an ither indwallers (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)<ref name="Georg Hassel">{{Cite book|last=Georg Hassel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31DMAJgQV28C&pg=PA34|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=33–34|language=de|quote=}}</ref><ref name="Paul Weber1">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|language=the German}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalisch|first=Johannes|last2=Bochinski|first2=Hans|date=1958|title=Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882|url=http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|location=Leipzig|volume=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201215644/http://sobotka.uni.wroc.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sobotka_13_1958_43-58.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> |- !Year !1819 !1831 !1834 !1837 !1840 !1843 !1846 !1852 !1855 !1858 !1861 !1867 !1890 !1900 !1905 !1910 |- |'''''Polish''''' |377,100 '''(67.2%)''' |418,837 '''(62.0%)''' |468,691 '''(62.6%)''' |495,362 '''(62.1%)''' |525,395 '''(58.6%)''' |540,402 '''(58.1%)''' |568,582 '''(58.1%)''' |584,293 '''(58.6%)''' |590,248 '''(58.7%)''' |612,849 '''(57.3%)''' |665,865 '''(59.1%)''' |742,153 '''(59.8%)''' |918,728 '''(58.2%)''' |1,048,230 '''(56.1%)''' |1,158,805 '''(57.0%)''' |Census, monolingual Polish: '''1,169,340''' '''(53.0%)'''<ref name="Paul Weber2">{{Cite book|last=Paul Weber|url=https://archive.org/details/diepoleninobersc00webeuoft|title=Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung|publisher=Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer|year=1913|location=Berlin|page=27|language=the German}}</ref> '''or up tae''' '''1,560,000''' thegither wi bilinguals |- |'''''German''''' |162,600 '''(29.0%)''' |257,852 '''(36.1%)''' |266,399 '''(35.6%)''' |290,168 '''(36.3%)''' |330,099 '''(36.8%)''' |348,094 '''(37.4%)''' |364,175 '''(37.2%)''' |363,990 '''(36.5%)''' |366,562 '''(36.5%)''' |406,950 '''(38.1%)''' |409,218 '''(36.3%)''' |457,545 '''(36.8%)''' |566,523 '''(35.9%)''' |684,397 '''(36.6%)''' |757,200 '''(37.2%)''' |'''884,045''' '''(40.0%)''' |- |'''''Ither''''' |21,503 '''(3.8%)''' |13,254 '''(1.9%)''' |13,120 '''(1.8%)''' |12,679 '''(1.6%)''' |41,570 '''(4.6%)''' |42,292 '''(4.5%)''' |45,736 '''(4.7%)''' |49,445 '''(4.9%)''' |48,270 '''(4.8%)''' |49,037 '''(4.6%)''' |51,187 '''(4.6%)''' |41,611 '''(3.4%)''' |92,480 '''(5.9%)''' |135,519 '''(7.3%)''' |117,651 '''(5.8%)''' |Populace: 2,207,981 |} The Austrian pairt of Silesia haed a mixter-maxter of German, Polish and Czech fowk, wi speakers of the Polish makin a plurality in Cieszyn Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chromik|first=Grzegorz|title=Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien|isbn=978-3-88246-398-9|pages=258–322|language=the German}}</ref> ==== Releigion ==== [[File:Verbreitung_der_Konfessionen_im_deutschen_Reich.jpg|thumb|Confessions in the German Empire (Catholic/Protestant; {{Circa|1890}}). Nether Silesia wis maistly Protestant, while Glatz (Kłodzko) an Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic.]] Historically, Silesia wis about aqual spleit atween [[Catholic Kirk|Catholics]] an [[Protestantism|Protestants]] (feckly Lutherans). In an 1890 census taen in the German pairt, Catholics made up a slicht plurality of 53%, while the ither 47% wis maist haund Lutheran.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Meyers Konversationslexikon|volume=5. Ausgabe}}</ref> Geographically speakin, Iver Silesia wis maistly Catholic binna for a puckle of pairts in the nort-wast, the whilk wir feckly Lutheran. Nether Silesia wis maistly Lutheran binna for the Glatzer Laund (nou kent as Kłodzko County). Generally speakin, the popular wis maistly Protestant in the wastern pairts, an it wad maistly get mair Catholic the farrer east a body gaed. In Iver Silesia, Protestants wir thranged in muckler ceities, an aften conseidered theirsells German. Efter Warld Weir II, the releigious demographics haed chyngit muckle sin Germans, wha made up the feck of the Protestant fowk, wir forcibly herried out. Poles, wha wir maistly Catholic, haed sattled again here in their steid. The day, Silesia bides feckly Catholic. Extant syne the 12t century,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Demshuk|first=A|title=The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|pages=40}}</ref> Silesia's Jewish commonty wis thranged around Wrocław an Iver Silesia, an nummered at 48,003 (1.1% of the popular) in 1890, gaein doun tae 44,985 bodies (0.9%) bi 1910.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kamusella|first=T|title=Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=2007|pages=173}}</ref> In Polish East Iver Silesia, the nummer of Jews wis roun about 90,000–100,000.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Browning|first=Christopher R.|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665301|title=Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers|date=2000-02-13|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77299-0}}</ref> Historically, the commonty haed dree'd a nummer of localised herryin outs, for ensample their 1453 herryin out frae [[Wrocław]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=van Straten|first=J|title=The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|pages=58}}</ref> Atween 1712 an 1820 a tring of chiels heild the teitle Heid Rabbi of Silesia ("Landesrabbiner"): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7); Aaron Karfunkel (1807–16); an Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).<ref>{{Cite web|last=<!--Not stated-->|title=Silesia|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7747-hirschberg|access-date=6 December 2017|website=1906 Jewish Encyclopedia|publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com}}</ref> ==== Eftercasts of Warld Weir II ==== Efter the Germans invadit Poland in 1939, efter the Nazi racial policy, the Jewish fowk of Silesia wis subjectit tae genocide wi executions cairried out wi Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. heidit bi Udo von Woyrsch an Einsatzgruppe I heidit bi Bruno Streckenbach,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Olkuśnik|first=Magdalena|title=Popularna encyklopedia powszechna|last2=Wójcik|first2=Elżbieta|year=2001|volume=10|pages=660}}</ref> wardin in ghettos, an ethnic cleansing of the General Government. In their ettles tae exterminate the Jews throu murther an ethnic cleansin, the Germans foundit the Auschwitz an Gross-Rosen camps in the province of Silesia. Herryin outs wir cairried out apenly an souched in the local press.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Steinbacher|first=S|title=The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004) Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=110-138}}</ref> Thaim sent tae ghettos wad frae 1942 be herried out till concentration an wark camps.<ref name=":0" /> Atween 5 Mey an 17 Juin, 20,000 Silesian Jews wir sent till Birkenau till gas chaumers and aa throu August 1942, atween 10,000 an 13,000 Silesian Jews wir murthert wi gassin at the Auschwitz.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Stanley|last2=Browning|first2=Christopher R.|date=2005|title=The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20034240|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=84|issue=1|pages=188|doi=10.2307/20034240|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> Maist Jews in Silesia wir exterminated wi the Nazis. Efter the weir Silesia became a heidmaist steid till repatriation of the Jewish popular in Poland that haed pitten ower Nazi German extermination<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slucki|first=David|url=https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813552255|title=The International Jewish Labor Bund after 1945|date=2019-09-03|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-5225-5|pages=63}}</ref> an in the hairst of 1945, 15,000 Jews wir in Nether Silesia, maistly Polish Jews that cam back frae territories that nou belanged the Soviet Union,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belah Guṭerman|first=|date=2011-03-01|title=A Narrow Bridge to Life: Jewish Forced Labor and Survival in the Gross-Rosen Camp System|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcr012|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|volume=25|issue=1|pages=229|doi=10.1093/hgs/dcr012|issn=8756-6583}}</ref> risin in 1946 tae seiventy thousan<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kochavi|first=AJ|date=2001|title=Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948|journal=University of North Carolina Press|pages=176}}</ref> as Jewish survivors frae ither pairts of Poland wir relocate.<ref name=":2" /> The feck of Germans flichtit or wir herried out frae the day's Polish an Czech pairts of Silesia durin an efter Warld Weir II. Atween Juin 1945 an Januar 1947, 1.77&nbsp;meillion Germans wir herried out frae Nether Silesia, an 310,000 frae Iver Silesia.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Klusmeyer|first=Douglas B.|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781845459697|title=Immigration Policy in the Federal Republic of Germany|last2=Papademetriou|first2=Demetrios G.|date=2022-09-29|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-969-7}}</ref> The day, maist German Silesians an their descendants bides in the Federal Republic of Germany, mony of thaim in the [[Ruhr]] area wirkin as miners, like their forebeirs in Silesia. Ane of its maist namely but controversial presses wis the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] politician Herbert Hupka. The herryin out of Germans haed resultit in rife unnerpopulation. The populace of the toun of Głogów fell frae 33,500 tae 5,000, an atween 1939 an 1966 the populace of Wrocław fell bi 25%. Ettles tae re-people Silesia didna come muckle speed in the 1940s and 1950s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fessenden|first=Helen|last2=Mazower|first2=Mark|date=1999|title=Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/20049489|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=78|issue=5|pages=223|doi=10.2307/20049489|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> an Silesia's popular didna rax tae pre-weir levels till the hint-end of the 1970s. The Polish sattlers that re-peopled Silesia wir pairtly frae the umwhile Polish Easten Mairchlaunds, the whilk wis annexed wi the [[Soviet Union]] in 1939. Wrocław wis pairtly re-peopled wi bield-seekers frae the umwhile Polish ceity of [[Lviv|Lwów]]. == Geography == [[File:Landkarte_von_Schlesien.jpg|thumb|First kairt of Silesia bi Martin Helwig, 1561; north at the bottom]] [[File:Silesia_Physical_Map.png|thumb|Physical kairt of Silesia in 1905]] The maist of Silesia is affeirin flet, awtho its southren mairch is maistly montanous. It is feckly locate in a swathe rinnin alang baith braes of the iver an mid [[Oder|Oder (Odra)]] River, but it raxes eastle tae the iver Vistula River. The pairt alsae taks in mony leaders of the Oder, amang thaim is the Bóbr (an its leader the Kwisa), the Barycz an the Nysa Kłodzka. The [[Sudetes|Sudeten Bens]] rins alang the maist of the southren rind of the region, tho at its south-eastern extreme it raxes tae the Silesian Beskids an Moravian-Silesian Beskids, the whilk belang the [[Carpathie Moontains|Carpathian Bens]]. Historically, Silesia wis boundit wastle bi the Kwisa an Bóbr Rivers, while the laund bewast the Kwisa wis in Iver Lusatia (earlier ''Milsko''). Housomever, because pairt of Iver Lusatia wis taen in the Province of Silesia in 1815, in Germany Görlitz, Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis an neebourin airts are conseidered pairts of historical Silesia. Thon destricks, alang wi Poland's Nether Silesian Voivodeship an pairts of Lubusz Voivodeship, mak up the geographic region of Nether Silesia. Silesia haes unnergaen a siclike notional raxin at its eastern extreme. Historically, it raxed anelie the lenth of the Brynica River, the whilk sinders it frae Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in Nether Poland. Houaniver, tae mony Poles the day, Silesia (''Śląsk)'' is unnerstuid tae kiver aa the area roun about Katowice, includin Zagłębie. This interpretation is gien offeicial ratihabitation in the yuise of the name Silesian Voivodeship ({{lang|pl|województwo śląskie}}) for the province kiverin this area. In fack, the wird {{lang|pl|Śląsk}} in the Polish (whan yuised athout qualification) nou commonly refers alanerlie tae this area (alsae cried {{lang|pl|Górny Śląsk}} or Iver Silesia). As weel as the Katowice airt, historical Iver Silesia alsae taks in the [[Opole]] region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) an Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia is made up of a pairt of the Moravian-Silesian Region an the Jeseník Destrick in the Olomouc Region. === Naitural resources === Silesia is an airt rife of resources an fowk. Syne the mid-18t century, coal haes gotten mined here. The industry haed grown while Silesia wis pairt of Germany, an peaked in the 1970s unner the Fowk's Republic of Poland. Durin this time, Silesia became ane of the warld's mucklest producers of coal, wi a record tonnage in 1979.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> The coal minin dwined durin the nixt twa decades, but haes gaen up again follaein the end of Communist maistry. [[File:KWK_Bolesław_Śmiały_01.jpg|thumb|Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine, Łaziska Górne]] The 41 coal mines in Silesia are maistly pairt of the Iver Silesian Coal Basin, whilk liggs in the Silesian Braes. The coalfield haes an area of about {{Convert|4,500|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> Deposits in Nether Silesia hae kyth'd tae be a trauchle tae mak yuise of an the area's onprofitable mines wir steekit in 2000.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl" /> In 2008, an upcuissen 35&nbsp;billion tonnes of lignite fordels wir fund near Legnica, makin thaim some of the mucklest in the warld.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie|url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/1,82244,4820533.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120503194935/http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,4820533.html|archive-date=2012-05-03|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Gazetawyborcza.pl|language=the Polish|url-status=live}}</ref> Frae the fowerth century BC, airn ore haes been mined in the braes of Silesia.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> The samen while haed leid, capper, siller, an gowd minin. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic,<ref>{{Citation|last=Mikulski|first=S.Z.|title=Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif|date=2022-04-28|url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003077503-200|work=Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century|pages=787–790|place=London|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-003-07750-3|access-date=2026-06-20}}</ref> an [[uranium]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wise International &#124; World Information Service on Energy|url=http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/439-440/poland.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053346/http://www10.antenna.nl/wise/index.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww10.antenna.nl%2Fwise%2F439-440%2Fpoland.html|archive-date=10 October 2007|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=0.antenna.nl}}</ref> hev been mined in the region forbye. Nether Silesia features lairge capper minin an processing atween the ceities of [[Legnica]], Głogów, Lubin, and Polkowice. In the Middle Ages, gowd (Polish: złoto) an siller (Polish: srebro) wir mined in the region, whilk is refleckit in the names of the umwhile minin touns of [[Złotoryja]], Złoty Stok an Srebrna Góra. The region is kent for stane quarrying tae produce limestane, marl, mairble, an basalt.<ref name="en.poland.gov.pl">{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources &#124; poland.gov.pl|url=http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110813164344/http://en.poland.gov.pl/Natural,Resources,310.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|access-date=19 November 2013|publisher=En.poland.gov.pl}}</ref> {| class="wikitable col2right" |+'''Annwal throu-pit of minerals in Silesia''' !Mineral name !Throu-pit (tonnes) !Ref. |- |Bituminous coal |95,000,000 | |- |Capper |571,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 July 2011|title=Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/copper/copper_t21.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Zinc |160,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2004|title=Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/zinc/zinc_table18.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Siller |1,200 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2004|title=Silver: World Mine Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/silver/silver_table08.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Cadmium |500 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2012|title=Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/cadmium/cadmium_t5.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |- |Leid |70,000 |<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2005|title=Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/en/commodities/minerals/lead/lead_t16.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> |} The region alsae haes a weel-daein lawbourage sector, whilk produces cereals (white, rye, barley, aits, stuff), tatties, rapeseed, succar beets and siclike. Milk throu-pit is weel developed. The Opole Silesia haes for decades taen the tap spat in Poland for their indices of effective yuise of pleu laund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego|url=http://umwo.opole.pl/serwis/index.php?id=2009|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Umwo.opole.pl}}</ref> Montanous pairts of southren Silesia features mony particular an hertsome tourism destinations (e.g., Karpacz, Szczyrk, Wisła). Silesia is maistly weel forestit. This is because greenness is maistly heichly socht efter bi the locals, mairbetoken in the heichly industrialized pairts of Silesia. == Demographics == Silesia haes been historically diverse in aa pairts. Nouadays, the mucklest pairt of Silesia is locate in Poland; it is aften cried ane of the maist diverse pairts in thon kintra. The Unitit States Immigration Commission, in its ''Dictionary of Races or People'' (published in 1911, whan muckle thrangs of Silesian fowk wir flittin till the Unitit States), heild ''Silesian'' for a geographical (nae ethnic) term, beirin the inhaibitants of Silesia. The existence of baith Polish Silesian an German Silesian dialecks thereawa wis mintioned forbye.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/128/mode/1up/search/Silesian|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=128}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Dillingham|first=William Paul|url=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofrace00unitrich#page/105/mode/1up|title=Dictionary of Races or Peoples|last2=Folkmar|first2=Daniel|last3=Folkmar|first3=Elnora|publisher=Washington, Government Printing Office|others=United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910)|year=1911|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=105, 128}}</ref> === Ceities an touns === The follaein table taks in the ceities and touns in Silesia with a popular greater nor 20,000 (2026).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-29|title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2025. As of 31 December (table IV)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2025-as-of-31-december,3,39.html|access-date=2026-06-04|publisher=[[Statistics Poland]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-18|title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|website=DataStat|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:1%;" | ! style="width:1%;" | !Name ! style="width:6%;" |Popular ! style="width:11%;" |Area ! style="width:4%;" |Kintra !Admeinistrative ! style="width:15%;" |Historic subregion |- style="text-align:center;" |1 |[[File:Herb_wroclaw.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wrocław]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |672,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|293|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |2 |[[File:Ostrava_CoA_CZ.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ostrava'''* | style="text-align:center;" |280,853 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|214|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/[[Moravie|Moravia]] |- style="text-align:center;" |3 |[[File:Katowice_Herb.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Katowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |277,415 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|165|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |4 |[[File:Gliwice_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Gliwice''' | style="text-align:center;" |166,942 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|134|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |5 |[[File:POL_Bielsko-Biała_COA.svg|center|48x48px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielsko-Biała'''* | style="text-align:center;" |163,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|125|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia/Lesser Poland |- style="text-align:center;" |6 |[[File:POL_Zabrze_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zabrze''' | style="text-align:center;" |150,780 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|80|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |7 |[[File:Bytom_herb.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bytom''' | style="text-align:center;" |144,598 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|69|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |8 |[[File:POL_Zielona_Góra_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zielona Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |138,476 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |9 |[[File:POL_Rybnik_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Rybnik]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |128,788 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|148|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |10 |[[File:POL_Ruda_Śląska_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Ruda Śląska''' | style="text-align:center;" |127,601 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|78|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |11 |[[File:POL_Opole_COA.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Opole]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |126,623 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|97|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |12 |[[File:POL_Tychy_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tychy''' | style="text-align:center;" |120,081 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|82|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |13 |[[File:Chorzów_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Chorzów''' | style="text-align:center;" |98,418 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |14 |[[File:POL_Wałbrzych_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Wałbrzych]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |97,546 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |15 |[[File:Legnica_herb.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Legnica]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |89,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|56|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |16 |[[File:POL_Jastrzębie-Zdrój_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jastrzębie-Zdrój''' | style="text-align:center;" |80,527 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |17 |[[File:POL_Jelenia_Góra_COA_1.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Jelenia Góra''' | style="text-align:center;" |73,470 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|109|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |18 |[[File:POL_Mysłowice_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mysłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |70,160 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|66|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |19 |[[File:Havirov_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Havířov''' | style="text-align:center;" |67,998 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|32|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |20 |[[File:POL_Lubin_COA.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubin''' | style="text-align:center;" |65,961 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|41|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |21 |[[File:POL_Siemianowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Siemianowice Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |62,311 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |22 |[[File:POL_Żory_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żory''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,857 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|65|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |23 |[[File:Herb_TarnowskieGory.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Tarnowskie Góry''' | style="text-align:center;" |61,001 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |24 |[[File:POL_Głogów_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Głogów''' | style="text-align:center;" |60,605 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|35|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |25 |[[File:Wappen_Goerlitz_vector.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Görlitz'''** | style="text-align:center;" |55,186 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|68|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} [[Saxony]] |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |26 |[[File:Opava_CoA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Opava''' | style="text-align:center;" |54,881 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|91|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |27 |[[File:Frýdek_Místek_CoA_CZ.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Frýdek-Místek'''* | style="text-align:center;" |53,164 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|52|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia/Moravia |- style="text-align:center;" |28 |[[File:POL_Kędzierzyn-Koźle_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kędzierzyn-Koźle''' | style="text-align:center;" |53,140 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|124|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |29 |[[File:POL_Świdnica_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świdnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,357 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |30 |[[File:POL_Piekary_Śląskie_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Piekary Śląskie''' | style="text-align:center;" |51,030 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |31 |[[File:POL_Racibórz_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Racibórz]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,750 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|75|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |32 |[[File:Karwina_herb.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''[[Karviná]]''' | style="text-align:center;" |48,684 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|58|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |33 |[[File:POL_Świętochłowice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świętochłowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,621 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|13|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |34 |[[File:POL_Wodzisław_Śląski_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Wodzisław Śląski''' | style="text-align:center;" |44,017 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|50|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |35 |[[File:POL_Mikołów_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Mikołów''' | style="text-align:center;" |41,478 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|79|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |36 |[[File:POL_Nysa_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nysa''' | style="text-align:center;" |39,887 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |37 |[[File:POL_Bolesławiec_COA_1.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bolesławiec''' | style="text-align:center;" |36,642 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |38 |[[File:POL_Nowa_Sól_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Nowa Sól''' | style="text-align:center;" |35,230 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|22|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |39 |[[File:Herb_Knurów-2018.png|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Knurów''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,919 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |40 |[[File:POL_Oleśnica_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oleśnica''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,676 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |41 |[[File:POL_Czechowice-Dziedzice_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Czechowice-Dziedzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |34,564 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|33|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |42 |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Třinec.svg|center|34x34px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Třinec''' | style="text-align:center;" |33,523 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|85|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |43 |[[File:POL_Oława_COA.svg|center|33x33px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Oława''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,928 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|27|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |44 |[[File:POL_Brzeg_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Brzeg''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,724 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|15|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |45 |[[File:POL_Cieszyn_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Cieszyn''' | style="text-align:center;" |32,217 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|29|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |46 |[[File:Wappen_Hoyerswerda.PNG|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Hoyerswerda'''** | style="text-align:center;" |30,759 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|96|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|GER}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{Flagicon|Saxony}} Saxony |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |47 |[[File:POL_Dzierżoniów_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Dzierżoniów''' | style="text-align:center;" |30,014 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|20|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |48 |[[File:POL_Zgorzelec_COA.svg|center|31x31px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Zgorzelec'''** | style="text-align:center;" |28,095 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|16|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |49 |[[File:POL_Bielawa_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bielawa''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|36|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |50 |[[File:Orlová_znak.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orlová''' | style="text-align:center;" |27,383 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|25|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |51 |[[File:POL_Lubliniec_COA.svg|center|28x28px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Lubliniec''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,931 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|89|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |52 |[[File:Cesky_Tesin_CoA.png|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Český Těšín''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,870 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|34|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |53 |[[File:POL_Żagań_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Żagań''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,800 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|40|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |54 |[[File:Krnov_znak.png|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Krnov''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,303 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|44|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |55 |[[File:POL_Orzesze_COA.svg|center|32x32px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Orzesze''' | style="text-align:center;" |22,242 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|84|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |56 |[[File:POL_Świebodzice_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzice''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,469 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|30|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |57 |[[File:POL_Kluczbork_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Kluczbork''' | style="text-align:center;" |21,232 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|12|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_opolskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Opole Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |58 |[[File:POL_Polkowice_COA_2022.svg|center|27x27px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Polkowice''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,832 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|24|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Nether Silesian Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |59 |[[File:POL_Łaziska_Górne_COA.svg|center|29x29px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Łaziska Górne''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,826 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|21|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Silesian Voivodeship |Iver Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |60 |[[File:POL_Świebodzin_COA.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Świebodzin''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,480 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|11|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|POL}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:POL_województwo_lubuskie_flag.svg|border|22x22px]] Lubusz Voivodeship |Nether Silesia |- style="text-align:center;" |61 |[[File:Bohumin_CoA_CZ.svg|center|30x30px]] | style="text-align:left;" |'''Bohumín''' | style="text-align:center;" |20,234 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Convert|31|km²|0}} |{{Flagicon|CZE}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Flag_of_Moravian-Silesian_Region.svg|border|22x22px]] Moravian-Silesian Region |Czech Silesia |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> Anelie pairt in Silesia<gallery> File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wrocław,_September_2022_07.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Town_Hall_in_Wroc%C5%82aw,_September_2022_07.jpg|[[:en:Wrocław|Wrocław]] File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masarykovo_namesti.jpg|[[:en:Ostrava|Ostrava]] File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Katowice_Rynek.jpg|[[:en:Katowice|Katowice]] File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:6588vik_Gliwice._Foto_Barbara_Maliszewska.jpg|[[:en:Gliwice|Gliwice]] File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Biała.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a.JPG|[[:en:Bielsko-Biała|Bielsko-Biała]] File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zabrze_post_office.jpg|[[:en:Zabrze|Zabrze]] File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Bytomiu_2020.jpg|[[:en:Bytom|Bytom]] File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_Górze.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ratusz_i_Stary_Rynek_w_Zielonej_G%C3%B3rze.jpg|[[:en:Zielona_Góra|Zielona Góra]] File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rynek_w_Rybniku_1.JPG|[[:en:Rybnik|Rybnik]] File:Plac_Jana_Pawła_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plac_Jana_Paw%C5%82a_II_w_Nowym_Bytomiu.jpg|[[:en:Ruda_Śląska|Ruda Śląska]] File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opole_0001.7_-_widok_na_Stare_Miasto.jpg|[[:en:Opole|Opole]] File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tychy_Stare._Rynek1.JPG|[[:en:Tychy|Tychy]] File:Chorzów_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chorz%C3%B3w_-_Teatr_Rozrywki_01.JPG|[[:en:Chorzów|Chorzów]] File:Wałbrzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wa%C5%82brzych_-_Rynek_03.jpg|[[:en:Wałbrzych|Wałbrzych]] File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Legnica_-_Rynek_-_Dawny_Ratusz_01.jpg|[[:en:Legnica|Legnica]] File:Pałac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pa%C5%82ac_w_Boryni_7.JPG|[[:en:Jastrzębie-Zdrój|Jastrzębie-Zdrój]] File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horni-namesti1.jpg|[[:en:Opava|Opava]] File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SM_Brzeg_Ratusz_2023_(1).jpg|[[:en:Brzeg|Brzeg]] </gallery> == Flags an blasouns == The signs of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia hae their founds in the signs of the Piasts of Nether Silesia an Iver Silesia. The blasoun of Iver Silesia depicts the gowden earn on the blue shiel. The blasoun of Nether Silesia depicts a black earn on a gowden (yella) shiel.<gallery> File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DEU_Oberschlesien_1926-1945_COA.svg|Blasoun of the Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Upper_Silesia|province of Iver Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Silesian_Voivodeship|Blasoun of the Silesian Voivodeship]] File:POL_województwo_opolskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_opolskie_COA.svg|[[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Opole_Voivodeship|The blasoun of the Opolskie Voivodeship]] File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henryk_I_Probus_herb.png|Blasoun of Duke [[:en:Henry_Probus|Henry Probus]] File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Herzogtum_Schlesien.png|Blasoun of [[:en:Austrian_Silesia|Austrian Silesia]] (1742–1918) File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wappen_Provinz_Niederschlesien.png|Prussian [[:en:Province_of_Lower_Silesia|province of Nether Silesia]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_COA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_COA.svg|Blasoun of the [[:en:Lower_Silesia_Voivodeship|Nether Silesia Voivodeship]] File:Znak_Slezska.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Znak_Slezska.svg|Blasoun of [[:en:Czech_Silesia|Czech Silesia]] </gallery>Flags wi their colors refer tae the blasoun of Silesia.<gallery> File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Upper_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Iver Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Silesia Voivodeship File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Czech_Silesia.svg|Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), an Czech Silesia File:Flagge_Preußen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg|[[:en:Flag_of_Silesia_and_Lower_Silesia|Flag of Prussian Nether Silesia province]] (1919–1938 and 1941–1945) File:POL_województwo_dolnośląskie_flag.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie_flag.svg|Flag of Nether Silesia Voivodeship </gallery> == Warld Heritage Steids == <gallery mode="packed-hover" widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swidnica-_Kosciol_Pokoju_02.jpg|Kirks of Peace, Świdnica an Jawor File:Wrocław_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wroc%C5%82aw_-_Jahrhunderthalle5.jpg|Centennial Haa, [[Wrocław]] File:SZTOLNIA_GŁĘBOKA_FRYDERYK_-_część_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastrąga.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SZTOLNIA_G%C5%81%C4%98BOKA_FRYDERYK_-_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_trasy_turystycznej_pn._Sztolnia_Czarnego_Pastr%C4%85ga.jpg|Historic Siller Mine, Tarnowskie Góry File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Das_Neue_Schloss_im_Park.jpg|Muskau Pairk, Łęknica an Bad Muskau<ref>Łęknica an Bad Muskau wir conseidered pairt of Silesia in the years 1815–1945.</ref> </gallery> == Sources == * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Silesia|volume=25|pages=90–92}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Czapliński|editor1-first=Marek|editor2-last=Wiszewski|editor2-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/64229/Cuius_regio_vol_4.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=4|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-8-9}} * {{Cite book|last=Długajczyk|first=Edward|title=Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939|publisher=Śląsk|year=1993|isbn=83-85831-03-7|location=[[Katowice]]|author-link=Edward Długajczyk}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Wąs|editor2-first=Gabriela|encyclopedia=The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/73766/Cuius_regio_vol_2.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2014|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=2|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-6-5}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Harc|editor1-first=Lucyna|editor2-last=Kulak|editor2-first=Teresa|encyclopedia=Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/79021/Cuius_regio_vol_3.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=3|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-3-7}} * {{Cite book|last=Plater|first=Stanisław|url=https://obc.opole.pl/Content/8541/download/|title=Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę|publisher=Wilhelm Bogumił Korn|year=1825|location=Wrocław|language=the Polish|trans-title=Geography of the Eastern Part of Europe, or Description of the Countries inhabited by Various Slavic Nations: Including Prussia, the Duchy of Posen, Prussian Silesia, Galicia, the Republic of Cracow, the Kingdom of Poland, and Lithuania|author-link=Stanisław Plater}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Przemysław|editor-first=Wiszewski|encyclopedia=The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/49790/Cuius_regio_vol_1.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2013|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=1|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-927132-1-0}} *  {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Wiszewski|editor-first=Przemysław|encyclopedia=Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)|url=http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/76597/Cuius_regio_vol_5.pdf|access-date=18 March 2018|language=the English|year=2015|publisher=ebooki.com.pl|title=Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia|volume=5|location=Wrocław, Poland|isbn=978-83-942651-2-0}} * {{Cite book|last=Zahradnik|first=Stanisław|title=Korzenie Zaolzia|last2=Marek Ryczkowski|publisher=PAI-press|year=1992|location=Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec|oclc=177389723}} == Wabsteid links == * {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070727142251/http://brws.silesia-region.pl/indexang.php|date=27 July 2007|title=Silesia in Europe page}} * [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/silesia.htm Map of Silesia in 1763] * [http://www.vogel-soya.de/bilder/Schlesphoto.html Old postcards from Silesian towns] * [http://www.schlesierland.de/index.html Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946] * [http://culture.pl/en/article/what-is-silesia What is Silesia?] * [https://mapy.com/en/zakladni?q=Slezsko%20-%20s%20moravsk%C3%BDmi%20enkl%C3%A1vami&source=area&id=191266&ds=1&x=17.1035242&y=50.7247522&z=7 Borders of Silesia with Moravian enclaves] on Mapy.com == References == qknui8nny6j65ayn0dm8c1pnpb1yhj0 3 233668 918808 2026-06-26T13:16:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 918808 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Joelme543, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Joelme543|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 13:16, 26 Juin 2026 (UTC) m6azmmpmwmhv2sj3rku6b3i0cyte81v 3 233670 918824 2026-06-27T00:53:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 918824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36737-10|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:53, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) h36p4y5v46msijmjmv1xxgnqg6cy5ru 918830 918824 2026-06-27T01:04:59Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918830 wikitext text/x-wiki == Juin 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36737-10|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:53, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) 0vpf0s449h0lqjedd4w537t6kwrxmfz 3 233671 918825 2026-06-27T00:53:41Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 918825 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Typoenforcement, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Typoenforcement|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:53, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) a0tqvowqstvjl3jn430hgbnggfngoi1 3 233672 918827 2026-06-27T00:59:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~" 918827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36874-11|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:59, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) ks1w5gv39hyf0919439l4sc24nvz37f 918831 918827 2026-06-27T01:05:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918831 wikitext text/x-wiki == Juin 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36874-11|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 00:59, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) r7psnpm5wlgeporbu6x5eg3wrqg7a3e 3 233673 918828 2026-06-27T01:00:02Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 918828 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Divinations, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Divinations|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:00, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) o6hg3gp6rk9j89fpaercbexm0bn48lr 3 233674 918829 2026-06-27T01:02:14Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-delete1}} ~~~~" 918829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, a'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A noticed that ye recently remuived some content wioot giein a raison whit wye. In the futur, it wid be helpfu tae ithers gin ye descrieve yer chynges tae Wikipaedia wi an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. Gin this wis a mistak, dinnae fash: A pit the remuived content back in. Gin ye wid lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Gin ye hink a made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaisten, ye can lea me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma talk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-delete1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:02, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) dq4bb90neyu5yqbrjlkn510c2uh8ybs 918832 918829 2026-06-27T01:06:00Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 918832 wikitext text/x-wiki == Juin 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, a'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. A noticed that ye recently remuived some content wioot giein a raison whit wye. In the futur, it wid be helpfu tae ithers gin ye descrieve yer chynges tae Wikipaedia wi an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. Gin this wis a mistak, dinnae fash: A pit the remuived content back in. Gin ye wid lik tae experiment, ye can uise the [[WP:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Gin ye hink a made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaisten, ye can lea me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|ma talk page]]. Thanks!<!-- Template:uw-delete1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 01:02, 27 Juin 2026 (UTC) lq47x253t8cdz0yhg0lur1l7z3hsmpd