Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6 918969 916600 2026-07-04T16:18:54Z Jahoda333 133824 918969 wikitext text/x-wiki :''For mair airticles adae wi fowk, steids an things in Scotland tak a keek at [[:category:Scotland]].'' {{Infobox country UK | native_name = {{lang-gd|Alba}} | image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg | image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border | symbol_width = 125px | symbol_type = [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland|Ryal Banner]] | national_motto = "[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]"^a | national_anthem = Various^b<br>Predominantly "[[Flouer o Scotland]]" | status = [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|Kintra]] | capital = [[Edinburgh]] | largest_city = [[Glesga]]<br/>{{smaller|{{coord|55|51|N|4|16|W|display=inline}}}} | languages_type = [[Leids o Scotland|Offeecial leids]]<ref name="Scottish official languages">{{Cite web |title=FACT: SCOTLAND'S OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ARE ENGLISH, SCOTS, GAELIC & BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE |url=https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/facts/scotlands-languages |access-date=March 27, 2023 |website=Scotland.org}}</ref> | languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | [[Scots leid|Scots]] | [[Scots Gaelic]] | [[Breetish Sign Leid]] }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = {{unbulleted list | 38.8% [[Releegion in Scotland|Christian]] | 2.6% Ither | 51.1% No releegion }}<ref name=religion>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521162438/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | demonym = [[Scots fowk|Scots]] | type = | legal_jurisdiction = [[Scots Law|Scotland]] | government_type = [[Scottish devolution|Devolved]] [[Pairlament|pairlamentary legislatur]] within&nbsp;[[constitutional monarchy|constitutional<br>{{raise|0.2em|monarchy}}]]{{raise|0.1em|^e}} | monarch = [[Charles III]] | first_minister = [[John Swinney]] | deputy_first_minister = [[Kate Forbes]] | prime_minister = [[Keir Starmer]] | secretary_of_state = [[Ian Murray]] | number_of_mps = 59 | legislature = [[Scots Pairlament]] | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = [[Origins o the Kinrick o Alba|Established]] | established_date1 = 9t yearhunder <small>([[Naitional meeth|tradeetionally]]&nbsp;843)</small> | established_event2 = [[Acts o Union 1707|Union wi Ingland]] | established_date2 = 1 Mey 1707 | established_event3 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Devolution]] | established_date3 = 19 November 1998 | area_rank = | area_magnitude = | area_km2 = 77933 | area_sq_mi = 30090 | area_footnote = <ref name=ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 |date=2015-09-24 }}, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</ref> | area_label = Land | percent_water = | population_rank = | population_estimate = {{increase}} 5,463,300<ref name="ONS-pop-ests-June2018">{{cite web |last1=Jonathan |first1=McMullan |title=Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest |website=Ons.gov.uk |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |language=en |date=28 June 2018}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_census = 5,313,600<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-gov.scot/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2012/index.html|title= Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012 |date=8 August 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=8 August 2013}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 67.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 174.1 | population_density_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | GVA = £138 billion<ref name=GVA>{{cite web |title=Regional gross value added (income approach), UK: 1997 to 2017, December 2015 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/bulletins/regionalgrossvalueaddedbalanceduk/1998to2017/pdf|author=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> | GVA_rank = | GVA_year = 2017 | GVA_per_capita = £25,500<ref name=GVA/> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2017 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.901<!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | patron_saints = {{unbulleted list | [[Saunt Aundrae]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts'' |work=Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway |accessdate=2 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134544/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |archivedate=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Andrew |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> | [[Saunt Margaret o Scotland|Saunt Margaret]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Margaret of Scotland |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}<br/>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=Patron saints |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S |accessdate=15 November 2011}} </ref> | [[Saunt Columba]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Columba |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> }} | official_website = {{URL|http://www.scotland.org/}} | footnote_a = Eften shawn abbreviatit as "In Defens". | footnote_b = A nummer o [[sang]]s are uised unofficially as Scots anthems, maist notably ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'', ''[[Flouer o Scotland]]'', an ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]''. ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]'' an the ''[[The Thistle o' Scotland]]'' haw bin proponed an aw. | footnote_c = Baith Scots an Scots Gaelic are offeecially recognised as [[regional leid]]s unner the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids]].<big><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/0900001680695175 |title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |lang=Inglis |work=[[Cooncil o Europe]] |accessdate=10 December 2019}}</ref></big> Unner the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is a ''quango'' appointed by the [[Scots Govrenment]] in 2003, tasked wi securin Gaelic as an [[offeecial leid]] o Scotland.<big><ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171029/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece |date=2010-05-31 }} (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref></big> Breetish Sign Leid is offeecially recognised unner the British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015.<big><ref name="British Sign Language">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13876863.Scotland_becomes_first_part_of_UK_to_recognise_signing_for_deaf_as_official_language/|title=Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language |publisher=Herald Scotland |year=2015|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref></big> | footnote_d = The heid o state o the Unitit Kinrick is the monarch (currently King Charles III, syne 2022). Scotland haes leemitit sel-govrenment within the UK as well as representation in the UK Pairlament. It wis [[Scotland (European Pairlament constituency)|a UK electoral region]] for the [[European Pairlament]]. Certain executive an legislative pouers hae been devolved tae, respectively, the [[Scots Govrenment]] an the [[Scots Pairlament]]. }} '''Scotland''' ({{IPA-endia|ˈskɔʔlənd|pronooncit}}; {{lang-en|Scotland}}; {{lang-gd|[[Alba]]}}, {{IPA-gd|ˈal̪ˠapə||Alba-gd.ogg}}) is a [[kintra|kintra in north wastren]] [[Europe]], an BIACH is wan o the fower kintras☃☃ that maks the [[Unitit Kinrick|Unitit Kinrick]]. It taks up the northren thurd o the [[Great Breetain]]. Sooth o Scotland is [[Ingland]], an is bund bi the [[North Sea|German Ocean]] til the east a the [[Atlantic Ocean]] til the north an wast. Scotland wis AN WHORE ance a free kinrick, but syne gaed intil a union wi England in 1603, whan [[James VI, King o Scots|Jeams VI]] o Scotland becam Jeams I o England efter the deith o [[Elizabeth I o Ingland|Elspeth I]]. This union wis makkit formal on 1 Mey 1707 bi the [[Acts o Union 1707|Treaty o Union]]. The [[Scots Pairlament]] wis gotten rid o on 26 Mairch. The union southert baith kinricks, makkin the [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]], wi a new single Pairlament haudden in Wastmeenster, [[Lunnon]], but some pairts o Scotland's institutions, merkit the AN FUCKING LGBT MEMBERlaund's naitional kirk an scuilin an legal systems, wis hauden apairt. In 1801, Scotland becam ane o the three launds o the Unitit Kinrick, alang wi England an Ireland (nou juist Northren Ireland). Wales is nou seen for uisual as anither laund, awtho it wis juist a principality o the kinrick o England in 1707. In 1997, the Scots fowk voted tae hae a new pairlament, estaiblisht by the UK government in the ''[[Scotland Act 1998]]''. The nou reconvened Scots Pairlament haes been gien the pouer tae govern the laund on maist ScoKILL LGTQIAts maiters, but haesna ower muckle pouer wi taxes, awtho it dis hae the pouer tae chynge the UK income tax rate bi 3p in the [[Poond sterling|pund]]. Scotland's size is maistly that estaiblisht by the 1237 ''Treaty o York'' atween Scotland an England an the 1266 ''Treaty o Perth'' atween Scotland an [[Norawa]]. Exceptions is the [[Isle o Man|Isle o Mann]], that is nou a croun dependency ootwi the Unitit Kinrick, [[Orkney]] an [[Shetland]], that is nou Scots raither nor Dens, an [[Berrick|Berwick]], that wis defined as subject til the laws o England by the 1746 ''Wales an Berwick Act''. The [[patron saunt]] o Scotland is [[Saunt Andra]], an [[St Andra's Day]] is on [[30 November]] but it haesna been celebrate muckle syne the Reformation. The wird ''Scot'' wis taen frae the [[Laitin]] an its uiss micht weel date fae aboot the first hauf o the 10t centurie, whan it first kythed in the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' an harkent til the Laund o the Gaels, analogous til the Laitin ''Scotia''. The ither name is "Caledonie", that's gien tae some pairts o the New Warld an colonies, like [[New Caledon]]. Scots kings adoptit the teetle ''Basileus/Rex Scottorum'' (= Hie King/King o the Gaels, ''basileus'' meanin sovereign in the Greek, an ''rex'' meanin king in the Laitin) an ''Rex Scotiae'' (King o Gael-Land) sometime in the 11t century, likely swee'd by the style ''Imperator Scottorum'' kent tae hae been uised bi Brian Bóruma in Ireland in 1005. In modren times the wird "Scot" is uised equaly for aw indwallers nae maiter wha thair forebeirs wis. This is acause the kintra haess haed a ceevic raither nor a single kin orientation for maist o the last thoosand year. ==History== [[Image:Scota & Gaedel Glas.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The foonders o Scotland o late mediaeval legend, [[Scota]] wi [[Goídel Glas]], on thair vaige frae [[Egyp]], as depicted in a 15t century manuscript o the ''[[Scotichronicon]]'' o [[Walter Bower]].]] {{main|History o Scotland}} ===Early history=== {{main|Prehistoric Scotland}} Repeated [[Glacier|glaciation]]s, that kivered the hale laund-mass o modren Scotland, hae malafoustered ony traces that micht hae existit o bodies bidin thare afore the [[Mesolithic]] period. It is thocht that the first post-glacial groups o [[hunter-gaitherer]]s wan til Scotland aboot 12,800 year syne, as the [[ice sheet]] retreated efter the [[Last glacial period|last glaciation]].<ref>The earliest kent evidence is a [[keezle-stane]] arraeheid frae [[Islay]]. See {{cite book|last=Moffat|first=Alistair|url=https://archive.org/details/beforescotlandst0000moff|title=Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2005|location=London|pages=Page 42}}</ref><ref>Sites at [[Cramond]] dated tae 8500 BC an naur [[Kinloch Castle|Kinloch]], [[Rùm]] frae 7700 BC provide the earliest kent evidence o bodies <u>bidin</u> in Scotland. See {{cite web|title=The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Rubbish dump reveals time-capsule of Scotland's earliest settlements|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146410357|accessdate=2008-02-10|publisher=megalithic.co.uk}} and Edwards, Kevin J. and Whittington, Graeme "Vegetation Change" in {{cite book|author=Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds)|title=Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC&ndash;AD 1000|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2003|location=Edinburgh|pages=Page 70}}</ref> Groups o sattlers begoud biggin the first kent permanent hooses on Scots syle aroond 9,500 year aby, an the first clachans around 6,000 year syne. The weel-presered clachan o [[Skara Brae]] on the [[Mainlaund, Orkney|Mainlaund]] o [[Orkney]] dates frae this period. [[Neolithic]] habitation, buirial an reetual steids is in parteecular common an weel-presered in the [[Northren Isles]] an [[The Waster Isles|Wastren Isles]], whaur want o trees led tae maist structurs bein biggit wi local stane.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pryor|first=Francis|title=Britain BC| publisher=HarperPerennial|location=London|year=2003|isbn=978-0007126934|pages=pp. 98&ndash;104 & 246&ndash;250}}</ref> ===Roman influence=== [[Image:Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Skara Brae]], a [[neolithic]] dounset, located in the [[Bay o Skaill]], [[Orkney]].]][[Image:HiltonofCadboll01.JPG|thumb|right|A replica o the [[Pechtish stanes|Pechtish]] [[Hilton o Cadboll Stane]].]] The written [[protohistory]] o Scotland begoud wi the in comin o the [[Roman Empire]] in soothren an central Great Breetain, whan the Romans occupied whit is nou [[Ingland]] an [[Wales]], administerin it as a [[Roman province|province]] cried ''[[Roman Breetain|Britannia]]''. Roman invasions an occupations o soothren Scotland war a series o brief interludes. In 83&ndash;4 AD the general [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola]] defeated the [[Caledonians]] at the [[battle o Mons Graupius]], an [[Castra|Roman forts]] war briefly set alang the [[Gask Ridge]] naur tae the [[Hieland Boondary Fault|Hieland line]] (nane are kent tae hae been constructed ayont that line). Three year efter the battle the [[Roman airmy|Roman airmies]] haed resiled tae the [[Soothren Uplands]].<ref>Hanson, William S. ''The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes'', in {{cite book|author=Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds)|year=2003|title=Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}</ref> Thay pit up [[Hadrian's Waw]] for tae haud in the tribes on baith sides o the waw,<ref name=snyder>{{cite book | last = Snyder | first = Christopher A. | year = 2003 | title = The Britons | url = https://archive.org/details/britons00snyd | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | isbn = 0-631-22260-X}}</ref> an the ''[[Limes|Limes Britannicus]]'' becam the northren laundmairch o the empire, awtho the airmy hauden on tae the [[Antonine Waw]] in the [[Central Lawlands]] for twa short periods&mdash;the hindmaist o thaim wis durin the time o Emperor [[Septimius Severus]] frae 208 till 210.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robertson, Anne S.|year=1960|title=The Antonine Wall|publisher=Glasgow Archaeological Society}}</ref> The extent o Roman military occupation o ony significant pairt o Scotland wis limited tae a total o aboot 40 year, awtho thair influence on the soothren section o the kintra occupeed by [[Brython]]ic tribes sic as the [[Votadini]] an [[Damnonii]] wad still hae been considerable.<ref name=snyder/> ===Medieval period=== {{main|Pechts|Scotland in the Heich Middle Ages|Scotland in the Late Middle Ages}} ===Modern history=== [[Image:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|David Morier's pentin on the "[[Battle o Culloden]]".]] In 1603, [[James VI, King o Scots]] inherited the throne o the [[Kinrick o Ingland]], an becam King James I o Ingland, an left [[Edinburgh]] for [[Lunnon]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1-85534-380-0|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote='''1603:''' James VI becomes [[James I o Ingland]] in the [[Union o the Crouns]], an quats [[Edinburgh]] for [[Lunnon]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross/page/56 56]}}</ref> Apairt frae a short period unner [[the Protectorate]], Scotland steyed a sinder [[state]], but there wis guid puckle conflict atween the croun an the [[Covenanters]] ower the form o [[Presbyterian kirk governance|kirk government]]. Efter the [[Glorious Revolution]], the abolition o [[episcopacy]] an the dingin doun o the [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]] [[James VII, King o Scots|James VII]] by [[William an Mary]], Scotland briefly shored tae wale a different [[Protestantism|Protestant]] monarch frae Ingland.<ref>TM Devine (1999) ''op cit'' "&#0133;Stated that the Scots Parliament had the right to decide on Queen Anne's successor, and that England and Scotland could not have the same sovereign in the future unless the London Parliament granted Scots 'Free Communication of trade'&#0133;"</ref> In 1707, the [[Pairlament o Scotland|Scots Pairlament]] an the [[Pairlament o Ingland]] enacted the twin [[Acts o Union 1707|Acts o Union]] that led tae Scotland's formal incorporation intae the [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]].<ref name=Mackie>{{cite book|author=Mackie, J.D.|year=1969|title=A History of Scotland|location=London|publisher=Penguin}}</ref> The deponed [[Jacobitism|Jacobite Stuart]] claimants haed steyed popular in the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]] an nor'east, in parteecular amangst non-[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]s. Houaniver, twa major Jacobite uprisings launched in 1715 an 1745 failt tae remuive the [[Hoose o Hanover]] frae the British throne. The threit o the Jacobite muivement tae the Unitit Kinrick an its monarchs effective endit at the [[Battle o Culloden]], Great Breetain's last [[pitched battle]]. This defeat paved the wey for lairge-scale remuivals o the indwallers o the Hielands an Islands, kent as the [[Hieland Clearances]].<ref name=Mackie/> The [[Scots Enlightenment]] an the [[Industrial Revolution]] makkit Scotland intae an intellectual, commercial an industrial pouerhoose. Efter [[Seicont Warld Weir]], Scotland experienced an industrial decline that wis parteecular severe.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harvie, Christopher|year=1981|title=No Gods and Precious Few Heroes: Scotland 1914&ndash;80|url=https://archive.org/details/nogodspreciousfe0000unse|location=London|publisher=Edward Arnold}}</ref> Anerly in raicent decades haes the kintra enjoyed something o a cultural an economic renaissance. Economic factors that hae contribute tae this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, electronics manufacturin, (see [[Silicon Glen]]),<ref>See {{cite web|author=Stewart, Heather|url=http://politics.guardian.co.uk/scotland/comment/0,,2073303,00.html|title=Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood|publisher=[[The Guardian|The Guardian Unlimited]]|accessdate=2007-05-06}} for an accoont o Scotland's economic challenges, especially efter the dotcom dounturn, as it competes wi the emergin [[Eastren Europe]]an economies.</ref> an the [[North Sea|German Ocean ile]] an gas industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326|title=National Planning Framework for Scotland|publisher=Scottish Government publication|quote=Since the 1970s, the development of North Sea oil and gas fields has made an important contribution to the Scottish economy, and underpinned prosperity in the North-East.|accessdate=2007-11-07|archive-date=2012-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120094618/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326|url-status=dead}}</ref> Follaein a [[Scots devolution referendum, 1997|referendum on devolution proposals in 1997]], the [[Scotland Act 1998]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_1|title=The Scotland Act 1998|publisher=Office of Public Sector Information|accessdate=2008-04-22}}</ref> wis passed by the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|Unitit Kinrick Pairlament]] for tae estaiblish a devolved [[Scots Pairlament]]. == Ilands == Scotland haes mair nor 790 ilands, that ar sindert intil fower groups: [[Shetland]], [[Orkney]], an the [[Hebrides]], that ar sub-dividit intil the [[Inner Hebrides]] an [[The Waster Isles|Ooter Hebrides]], the ail o [[Mull]] isnae ti be forgotten. {{clear}} == References == {{reflist}} == See forby == {{wiktionar}} {{Commonscat}} *{{commons-inline|Scotland}} * [[Places o Scotland]] * [[Cooncil areas o Scotland]] * Thar's this airticle spoken an aw! [[Media:ScotlandSCO.ogg|Listen til the spokin airticle]] *: (<span class="plainlinks">[http://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotland&oldid=10989 version o airticle whan it wis spoken]</span>) {{Authority control}} [[Category:Scotland| ]] [[Category:Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Scots-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Northren Europe]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Celtic naitions]] bdqorpenbz76wstph03aybytnb0o33u 918974 918969 2026-07-04T16:27:31Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 916600 wikitext text/x-wiki :''For mair airticles adae wi fowk, steids an things in Scotland tak a keek at [[:category:Scotland]].'' {{Infobox country UK | native_name = {{lang-gd|Alba}} | image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg | image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border | symbol_width = 125px | symbol_type = [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland|Ryal Banner]] | national_motto = "[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]"^a | national_anthem = Various^b<br>Predominantly "[[Flouer o Scotland]]" | status = [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|Kintra]] | capital = [[Edinburgh]] | largest_city = [[Glesga]]<br/>{{smaller|{{coord|55|51|N|4|16|W|display=inline}}}} | languages_type = [[Leids o Scotland|Offeecial leids]]<ref name="Scottish official languages">{{Cite web |title=FACT: SCOTLAND'S OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ARE ENGLISH, SCOTS, GAELIC & BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE |url=https://www.scotland.org/about-scotland/facts/scotlands-languages |access-date=March 27, 2023 |website=Scotland.org}}</ref> | languages = {{unbulleted list | [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] | [[Scots leid|Scots]] | [[Scots Gaelic]] | [[Breetish Sign Leid]] }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = {{unbulleted list | 38.8% [[Releegion in Scotland|Christian]] | 2.6% Ither | 51.1% No releegion }}<ref name=religion>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521162438/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | demonym = [[Scots fowk|Scots]] | type = | legal_jurisdiction = [[Scots Law|Scotland]] | government_type = [[Scottish devolution|Devolved]] [[Pairlament|pairlamentary legislatur]] within&nbsp;[[constitutional monarchy|constitutional<br>{{raise|0.2em|monarchy}}]]{{raise|0.1em|^e}} | monarch = [[Charles III]] | first_minister = [[John Swinney]] | deputy_first_minister = [[Kate Forbes]] | prime_minister = [[Keir Starmer]] | secretary_of_state = [[Ian Murray]] | number_of_mps = 59 | legislature = [[Scots Pairlament]] | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = [[Origins o the Kinrick o Alba|Established]] | established_date1 = 9t yearhunder <small>([[Naitional meeth|tradeetionally]]&nbsp;843)</small> | established_event2 = [[Acts o Union 1707|Union wi Ingland]] | established_date2 = 1 Mey 1707 | established_event3 = [[Scotland Act 1998|Devolution]] | established_date3 = 19 November 1998 | area_rank = | area_magnitude = | area_km2 = 77933 | area_sq_mi = 30090 | area_footnote = <ref name=ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095611/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 |date=2015-09-24 }}, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</ref> | area_label = Land | percent_water = | population_rank = | population_estimate = {{increase}} 5,463,300<ref name="ONS-pop-ests-June2018">{{cite web |last1=Jonathan |first1=McMullan |title=Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest |website=Ons.gov.uk |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |language=en |date=28 June 2018}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_census = 5,313,600<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-gov.scot/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2012/index.html|title= Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012 |date=8 August 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=8 August 2013}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 67.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 174.1 | population_density_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | GVA = £138 billion<ref name=GVA>{{cite web |title=Regional gross value added (income approach), UK: 1997 to 2017, December 2015 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/bulletins/regionalgrossvalueaddedbalanceduk/1998to2017/pdf|author=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> | GVA_rank = | GVA_year = 2017 | GVA_per_capita = £25,500<ref name=GVA/> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2017 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.901<!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | patron_saints = {{unbulleted list | [[Saunt Aundrae]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts'' |work=Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway |accessdate=2 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134544/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |archivedate=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Andrew |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> | [[Saunt Margaret o Scotland|Saunt Margaret]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Margaret of Scotland |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}<br/>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=Patron saints |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S |accessdate=15 November 2011}} </ref> | [[Saunt Columba]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Columba |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref> }} | official_website = {{URL|http://www.scotland.org/}} | footnote_a = Eften shawn abbreviatit as "In Defens". | footnote_b = A nummer o [[sang]]s are uised unofficially as Scots anthems, maist notably ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'', ''[[Flouer o Scotland]]'', an ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]''. ''[[Auld Lang Syne]]'' an the ''[[The Thistle o' Scotland]]'' haw bin proponed an aw. | footnote_c = Baith Scots an Scots Gaelic are offeecially recognised as [[regional leid]]s unner the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids]].<big><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/rms/0900001680695175 |title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |lang=Inglis |work=[[Cooncil o Europe]] |accessdate=10 December 2019}}</ref></big> Unner the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is a ''quango'' appointed by the [[Scots Govrenment]] in 2003, tasked wi securin Gaelic as an [[offeecial leid]] o Scotland.<big><ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171029/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece |date=2010-05-31 }} (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref></big> Breetish Sign Leid is offeecially recognised unner the British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015.<big><ref name="British Sign Language">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13876863.Scotland_becomes_first_part_of_UK_to_recognise_signing_for_deaf_as_official_language/|title=Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language |publisher=Herald Scotland |year=2015|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref></big> | footnote_d = The heid o state o the Unitit Kinrick is the monarch (currently King Charles III, syne 2022). Scotland haes leemitit sel-govrenment within the UK as well as representation in the UK Pairlament. It wis [[Scotland (European Pairlament constituency)|a UK electoral region]] for the [[European Pairlament]]. Certain executive an legislative pouers hae been devolved tae, respectively, the [[Scots Govrenment]] an the [[Scots Pairlament]]. }} '''Scotland''' ({{IPA-endia|ˈskɔʔlənd|pronooncit}}; {{lang-en|Scotland}}; {{lang-gd|[[Alba]]}}, {{IPA-gd|ˈal̪ˠapə||Alba-gd.ogg}}) is a [[kintra|kintra in north wastren]] [[Europe]], an is wan o the fower kintras<ref>Scotland, [[Ingland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]]</ref> that maks the [[Unitit Kinrick|Unitit Kinrick]]. It taks up the northren thurd o the [[Great Breetain]]. Sooth o Scotland is [[Ingland]], an is bund bi the [[North Sea|German Ocean]] til the east an the [[Atlantic Ocean]] til the north an wast. Scotland wis ance a free kinrick, but syne gaed intil a union wi England in 1603, whan [[James VI, King o Scots|Jeams VI]] o Scotland becam Jeams I o England efter the deith o [[Elizabeth I o Ingland|Elspeth I]]. This union wis makkit formal on 1 Mey 1707 bi the [[Acts o Union 1707|Treaty o Union]]. The [[Scots Pairlament]] wis gotten rid o on 26 Mairch. The union southert baith kinricks, makkin the [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]], wi a new single Pairlament haudden in Wastmeenster, [[Lunnon]], but some pairts o Scotland's institutions, merkit the laund's naitional kirk an scuilin an legal systems, wis hauden apairt. In 1801, Scotland becam ane o the three launds o the Unitit Kinrick, alang wi England an Ireland (nou juist Northren Ireland). Wales is nou seen for uisual as anither laund, awtho it wis juist a principality o the kinrick o England in 1707. In 1997, the Scots fowk voted tae hae a new pairlament, estaiblisht by the UK government in the ''[[Scotland Act 1998]]''. The nou reconvened Scots Pairlament haes been gien the pouer tae govern the laund on maist Scots maiters, but haesna ower muckle pouer wi taxes, awtho it dis hae the pouer tae chynge the UK income tax rate bi 3p in the [[Poond sterling|pund]]. Scotland's size is maistly that estaiblisht by the 1237 ''Treaty o York'' atween Scotland an England an the 1266 ''Treaty o Perth'' atween Scotland an [[Norawa]]. Exceptions is the [[Isle o Man|Isle o Mann]], that is nou a croun dependency ootwi the Unitit Kinrick, [[Orkney]] an [[Shetland]], that is nou Scots raither nor Dens, an [[Berrick|Berwick]], that wis defined as subject til the laws o England by the 1746 ''Wales an Berwick Act''. The [[patron saunt]] o Scotland is [[Saunt Andra]], an [[St Andra's Day]] is on [[30 November]] but it haesna been celebrate muckle syne the Reformation. The wird ''Scot'' wis taen frae the [[Laitin]] an its uiss micht weel date fae aboot the first hauf o the 10t centurie, whan it first kythed in the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' an harkent til the Laund o the Gaels, analogous til the Laitin ''Scotia''. The ither name is "Caledonie", that's gien tae some pairts o the New Warld an colonies, like [[New Caledon]]. Scots kings adoptit the teetle ''Basileus/Rex Scottorum'' (= Hie King/King o the Gaels, ''basileus'' meanin sovereign in the Greek, an ''rex'' meanin king in the Laitin) an ''Rex Scotiae'' (King o Gael-Land) sometime in the 11t century, likely swee'd by the style ''Imperator Scottorum'' kent tae hae been uised bi Brian Bóruma in Ireland in 1005. In modren times the wird "Scot" is uised equaly for aw indwallers nae maiter wha thair forebeirs wis. This is acause the kintra haess haed a ceevic raither nor a single kin orientation for maist o the last thoosand year. ==History== [[Image:Scota & Gaedel Glas.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The foonders o Scotland o late mediaeval legend, [[Scota]] wi [[Goídel Glas]], on thair vaige frae [[Egyp]], as depicted in a 15t century manuscript o the ''[[Scotichronicon]]'' o [[Walter Bower]].]] {{main|History o Scotland}} ===Early history=== {{main|Prehistoric Scotland}} Repeated [[Glacier|glaciation]]s, that kivered the hale laund-mass o modren Scotland, hae malafoustered ony traces that micht hae existit o bodies bidin thare afore the [[Mesolithic]] period. It is thocht that the first post-glacial groups o [[hunter-gaitherer]]s wan til Scotland aboot 12,800 year syne, as the [[ice sheet]] retreated efter the [[Last glacial period|last glaciation]].<ref>The earliest kent evidence is a [[keezle-stane]] arraeheid frae [[Islay]]. See {{cite book|last=Moffat|first=Alistair|url=https://archive.org/details/beforescotlandst0000moff|title=Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History|publisher=Thames & Hudson|year=2005|location=London|pages=Page 42}}</ref><ref>Sites at [[Cramond]] dated tae 8500 BC an naur [[Kinloch Castle|Kinloch]], [[Rùm]] frae 7700 BC provide the earliest kent evidence o bodies <u>bidin</u> in Scotland. See {{cite web|title=The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Rubbish dump reveals time-capsule of Scotland's earliest settlements|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146410357|accessdate=2008-02-10|publisher=megalithic.co.uk}} and Edwards, Kevin J. and Whittington, Graeme "Vegetation Change" in {{cite book|author=Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds)|title=Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC&ndash;AD 1000|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2003|location=Edinburgh|pages=Page 70}}</ref> Groups o sattlers begoud biggin the first kent permanent hooses on Scots syle aroond 9,500 year aby, an the first clachans around 6,000 year syne. The weel-presered clachan o [[Skara Brae]] on the [[Mainlaund, Orkney|Mainlaund]] o [[Orkney]] dates frae this period. [[Neolithic]] habitation, buirial an reetual steids is in parteecular common an weel-presered in the [[Northren Isles]] an [[The Waster Isles|Wastren Isles]], whaur want o trees led tae maist structurs bein biggit wi local stane.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pryor|first=Francis|title=Britain BC| publisher=HarperPerennial|location=London|year=2003|isbn=978-0007126934|pages=pp. 98&ndash;104 & 246&ndash;250}}</ref> ===Roman influence=== [[Image:Orkney_Skara_Brae.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Skara Brae]], a [[neolithic]] dounset, located in the [[Bay o Skaill]], [[Orkney]].]][[Image:HiltonofCadboll01.JPG|thumb|right|A replica o the [[Pechtish stanes|Pechtish]] [[Hilton o Cadboll Stane]].]] The written [[protohistory]] o Scotland begoud wi the in comin o the [[Roman Empire]] in soothren an central Great Breetain, whan the Romans occupied whit is nou [[Ingland]] an [[Wales]], administerin it as a [[Roman province|province]] cried ''[[Roman Breetain|Britannia]]''. Roman invasions an occupations o soothren Scotland war a series o brief interludes. In 83&ndash;4 AD the general [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola]] defeated the [[Caledonians]] at the [[battle o Mons Graupius]], an [[Castra|Roman forts]] war briefly set alang the [[Gask Ridge]] naur tae the [[Hieland Boondary Fault|Hieland line]] (nane are kent tae hae been constructed ayont that line). Three year efter the battle the [[Roman airmy|Roman airmies]] haed resiled tae the [[Soothren Uplands]].<ref>Hanson, William S. ''The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes'', in {{cite book|author=Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds)|year=2003|title=Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}</ref> Thay pit up [[Hadrian's Waw]] for tae haud in the tribes on baith sides o the waw,<ref name=snyder>{{cite book | last = Snyder | first = Christopher A. | year = 2003 | title = The Britons | url = https://archive.org/details/britons00snyd | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | isbn = 0-631-22260-X}}</ref> an the ''[[Limes|Limes Britannicus]]'' becam the northren laundmairch o the empire, awtho the airmy hauden on tae the [[Antonine Waw]] in the [[Central Lawlands]] for twa short periods&mdash;the hindmaist o thaim wis durin the time o Emperor [[Septimius Severus]] frae 208 till 210.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robertson, Anne S.|year=1960|title=The Antonine Wall|publisher=Glasgow Archaeological Society}}</ref> The extent o Roman military occupation o ony significant pairt o Scotland wis limited tae a total o aboot 40 year, awtho thair influence on the soothren section o the kintra occupeed by [[Brython]]ic tribes sic as the [[Votadini]] an [[Damnonii]] wad still hae been considerable.<ref name=snyder/> ===Medieval period=== {{main|Pechts|Scotland in the Heich Middle Ages|Scotland in the Late Middle Ages}} ===Modern history=== [[Image:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|David Morier's pentin on the "[[Battle o Culloden]]".]] In 1603, [[James VI, King o Scots]] inherited the throne o the [[Kinrick o Ingland]], an becam King James I o Ingland, an left [[Edinburgh]] for [[Lunnon]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|url=https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|isbn=1-85534-380-0|last=Ross|first=David|date=2002|quote='''1603:''' James VI becomes [[James I o Ingland]] in the [[Union o the Crouns]], an quats [[Edinburgh]] for [[Lunnon]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/chronologyofscot0000ross/page/56 56]}}</ref> Apairt frae a short period unner [[the Protectorate]], Scotland steyed a sinder [[state]], but there wis guid puckle conflict atween the croun an the [[Covenanters]] ower the form o [[Presbyterian kirk governance|kirk government]]. Efter the [[Glorious Revolution]], the abolition o [[episcopacy]] an the dingin doun o the [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]] [[James VII, King o Scots|James VII]] by [[William an Mary]], Scotland briefly shored tae wale a different [[Protestantism|Protestant]] monarch frae Ingland.<ref>TM Devine (1999) ''op cit'' "&#0133;Stated that the Scots Parliament had the right to decide on Queen Anne's successor, and that England and Scotland could not have the same sovereign in the future unless the London Parliament granted Scots 'Free Communication of trade'&#0133;"</ref> In 1707, the [[Pairlament o Scotland|Scots Pairlament]] an the [[Pairlament o Ingland]] enacted the twin [[Acts o Union 1707|Acts o Union]] that led tae Scotland's formal incorporation intae the [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]].<ref name=Mackie>{{cite book|author=Mackie, J.D.|year=1969|title=A History of Scotland|location=London|publisher=Penguin}}</ref> The deponed [[Jacobitism|Jacobite Stuart]] claimants haed steyed popular in the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]] an nor'east, in parteecular amangst non-[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]s. Houaniver, twa major Jacobite uprisings launched in 1715 an 1745 failt tae remuive the [[Hoose o Hanover]] frae the British throne. The threit o the Jacobite muivement tae the Unitit Kinrick an its monarchs effective endit at the [[Battle o Culloden]], Great Breetain's last [[pitched battle]]. This defeat paved the wey for lairge-scale remuivals o the indwallers o the Hielands an Islands, kent as the [[Hieland Clearances]].<ref name=Mackie/> The [[Scots Enlightenment]] an the [[Industrial Revolution]] makkit Scotland intae an intellectual, commercial an industrial pouerhoose. Efter [[Seicont Warld Weir]], Scotland experienced an industrial decline that wis parteecular severe.<ref>{{cite book|author=Harvie, Christopher|year=1981|title=No Gods and Precious Few Heroes: Scotland 1914&ndash;80|url=https://archive.org/details/nogodspreciousfe0000unse|location=London|publisher=Edward Arnold}}</ref> Anerly in raicent decades haes the kintra enjoyed something o a cultural an economic renaissance. Economic factors that hae contribute tae this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, electronics manufacturin, (see [[Silicon Glen]]),<ref>See {{cite web|author=Stewart, Heather|url=http://politics.guardian.co.uk/scotland/comment/0,,2073303,00.html|title=Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood|publisher=[[The Guardian|The Guardian Unlimited]]|accessdate=2007-05-06}} for an accoont o Scotland's economic challenges, especially efter the dotcom dounturn, as it competes wi the emergin [[Eastren Europe]]an economies.</ref> an the [[North Sea|German Ocean ile]] an gas industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326|title=National Planning Framework for Scotland|publisher=Scottish Government publication|quote=Since the 1970s, the development of North Sea oil and gas fields has made an important contribution to the Scottish economy, and underpinned prosperity in the North-East.|accessdate=2007-11-07|archive-date=2012-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120094618/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326|url-status=dead}}</ref> Follaein a [[Scots devolution referendum, 1997|referendum on devolution proposals in 1997]], the [[Scotland Act 1998]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_1|title=The Scotland Act 1998|publisher=Office of Public Sector Information|accessdate=2008-04-22}}</ref> wis passed by the [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|Unitit Kinrick Pairlament]] for tae estaiblish a devolved [[Scots Pairlament]]. == Ilands == Scotland haes mair nor 790 ilands, that ar sindert intil fower groups: [[Shetland]], [[Orkney]], an the [[Hebrides]], that ar sub-dividit intil the [[Inner Hebrides]] an [[The Waster Isles|Ooter Hebrides]], the ail o [[Mull]] isnae ti be forgotten. {{clear}} == References == {{reflist}} == See forby == {{wiktionar}} {{Commonscat}} *{{commons-inline|Scotland}} * [[Places o Scotland]] * [[Cooncil areas o Scotland]] * Thar's this airticle spoken an aw! [[Media:ScotlandSCO.ogg|Listen til the spokin airticle]] *: (<span class="plainlinks">[http://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotland&oldid=10989 version o airticle whan it wis spoken]</span>) {{Authority control}} [[Category:Scotland| ]] [[Category:Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:Scots-speakin kintras]] [[Category:Northren Europe]] [[Category:Wastren Europe]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Celtic naitions]] 1vugsm1z64cbq484w0bpqa410ya6sp5 0 1817 918952 899738 2026-07-04T13:31:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Lafayette Bunnell 1880.jpg|thumb|175px|Lafayett Bunnell in 1880]] '''Lafayette Houghton Bunnell''' (1824-1903), a noted explorer o Yosemite Valley, wis born in Homer, Minnesota. In 1851, Bunnell wis a member o the Mariposa Battalion that became the non-indigenous discoverers o the Yosemite Valley. Discovery wisna the main purpose o the vaige: the Battalion rode oot in rake o Native American tribal leaders involved in recent raids on American settlements. Bunnell splored the Valley an cried mony o its features. ''Discovery o the Yosemite, an the Indian Weir o 1851'' (1880) contains his accoont o his sploration an the actions o the Battalion. Dr. Bunnell later served as a surgeon in the [[American Civil Weir|Civil Weir]]. Bunnell Pynt at the aest end o Little Yosemite Valley is cried efter Bunnell. == Fremmit airtins an references == *[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/consrvbib:@FIELD(NUMBER(vg20)) Library o Congress summary o Bunnell's beuk] *[http://www.yosemite.ca.us/history/discovery_of_the_yosemite/ On-line copy of Bunnell's beuk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050913012634/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/history/discovery_of_the_yosemite/ |date=2005-09-13 }} * Hank Johnston, ''Yosemite Yesterdays'' v. 2 chapter 1 haes a biography o Dr. Bunnell {{DEFAULTSORT:Bunnell, Lafayette}} [[Category:1824 births]] [[Category:1903 daiths]] [[Category:American Ceevil War surgeons]] [[Category:American physeecians]] [[Category:American explorers]] [[Category:Explorers o North Americae]] [[Category:History o the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]] [[Category:Yosemite Naitional Pairk]] [[Category:Explorers o the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} 2kxikjd7h3p58v3fdcagebxxcl308em 0 3001 918956 917561 2026-07-04T15:59:52Z Jahoda333 133824 918956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=The Richt Honourable|name=John Swinney|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Scottish Parliament|MSP]]|image=File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg|image_upright=|caption=Official portrait, 2026|office=First Meenister o Scotland|order=<!-- Per the usage directions at Template:Infobox officeholder, do not add -->|term_start=8 May 2024|monarch=[[Charles III]]|deputy=[[Kate Forbes]]<br />[[Jenny Gilruth]]|predecessor=[[Humza Yousaf]]|office2=Leader o the Scots Naitional Party|term_start2=6 May 2024|term_end2=|1blankname2=Deputy|1namedata2=Keith Brown|predecessor2=Humza Yousaf|successor2=|1blankname3=Deputy|1namedata3=[[Roseanna Cunningham]]|term_start3=26 September 2000|term_end3=3 September 2004|predecessor3=[[Alex Salmond]]|successor3=Alex Salmond|office4=Depute First Meenister of Scotland|first_minister4=[[Nicola Sturgeon]]|term_start4=21 November 2014|term_end4=28 Mairch 2023|predecessor4=Nicola Sturgeon|successor4=[[Shona Robison]] {{collapsed infobox section begin|Cabinet offices<br />{{nobold|2007–2023}} | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office1 = Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy{{Efn|Previously titled Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth from 2007 to 2011; Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth from 2011 to 2014; and Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy from 2014 to 2016|name=|group=}} | term_label1 = Acting{{efn|name=Forbes Maternity|Swinney was acting Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy during the maternity leave of Kate Forbes from 2022 to 2023.}} | term_start1 = 16 July 2022 | term_end1 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister1 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor1 = Kate Forbes | successor1 = Shona Robison (Finance)<br />[[Neil Gray]] (Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy) | term_start2 = 17 May 2007 | term_end2 = 18 May 2016 | first_minister2 = Alex Salmond<br />Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor2 = [[Tom McCabe (politician)|Tom McCabe]] | successor2 = [[Derek Mackay]] (Finance)<br />[[Keith Brown (Scottish politician)|Keith Brown]] (Economy) | office3 = Cabinet Secretary for Covid Rekivery | term_start3 = 18 May 2021 | term_end3 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister3 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = ''Office abolished'' | office4 = [[Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills]] | term_start4 = 18 May 2016 | term_end4 = 18 May 2021 | first_minister4 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor4 = [[Angela Constance]] (Education)<br />[[Roseanna Cunningham]] (Skills) | successor4 = [[Shirley-Anne Somerville]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|Party political offices | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office5 = [[Scottish National Party#Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party|Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party]] | leader5 = Alex Salmond | term_start5 = 25 August 1998 | term_end5 = 26 September 2000 | predecessor5 = [[Allan Macartney]] | successor5 = [[Roseanna Cunningham]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Parliamentary offices | cont=yes |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office6 = [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]]<br />for [[Perthshire North]] <br /> {{nobold|[[North Tayside (Scottish Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] (1999–2011)}} | majority6 = 6,243 (17.0%) | term_start6 = 6 May 1999 | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established'' | successor6 = | office7 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[North Tayside (UK Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] | term_start7 = 1 May 1997 | term_end7 = 14 May 2001 | predecessor7 = [[Bill Walker (Scottish Conservative politician)|Bill Walker]] | successor7 = [[Pete Wishart]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1964|04|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], Scotland|birth_name=John Ramsay Swinney|party=[[SNP|Scots Naitional Pairty]]|spouse={{plainlist| * {{marriage|Lorna King|1991|2000|reason=div}} * {{marriage|Elizabeth Quigley|2003}} }}|relatives=[[Tom Hunter (VC)|Tom Hunter]] (uncle)|children=3|education=[[Forrester High School]]|alma_mater=[[University of Edinburgh]] ([[Master of Arts (Scotland)|MA]])|committees=|signature=|website={{Official URL}}<br>[https://firstminister.gov.scot/ First Minister of Scotland]{{en}}}} '''John Ramsey Swinney''' (born 13 Aprile 1964), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician that has servit as Heidsman o the SNP an [[First Meenister o Scotland]] syne May 2024 (he wis previously Heidsman o his pairty frae 2000 tae 2004), an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith 1999 an 2003, he wis waled for tae represent the consteetuency o Tayside North. He ance representit the consteetuency at Wastmeinster forbye, atween 1997 an 2001. He wis Deputy First Meenister an Secretar for Eddication in [[Nicola Sturgeon]]'s govrenment. Frae the May 2021 election tae Mairch 2023 he wis Deputy First Meenister an Cabinet Secretar fir [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid]] Recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deputy First Minister - gov.scot|url=https://www.gov.scot/about/who-runs-government/cabinet-and-ministers/deputy-first-minister/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.gov.scot|language=en}}</ref> Swinney becam First Meenister on 8 Mey 2024 efter the demission o [[Humza Yousaf]] efter the collapse o the [[Bute House]] Greeance with the Greens. {{DEFAULTSORT:Swinney, John}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Leaders o the Scots National Pairty]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:First Meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Finance meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Forrester High School]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] == References == <references /> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Stub/scotpol}} lttw8ggyew0vzzcuvf2z6bsg38dzc78 918982 918956 2026-07-04T16:28:09Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 917561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=The Richt Honourable|name=John Swinney|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Scottish Parliament|MSP]]|image=File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg|image_upright=|caption=Official portrait, 2026|office=First Meenister o Scotland|order=<!-- Per the usage directions at Template:Infobox officeholder, do not add -->|term_start=8 May 2024|monarch=[[Charles III]]|deputy=[[Kate Forbes]]<br />[[Jenny Gilruth]]|predecessor=[[Humza Yousaf]]|office2=Leader o the Scots Naitional Party|term_start2=6 May 2024|term_end2=|1blankname2=Deputy|1namedata2=Keith Brown|predecessor2=Humza Yousaf|successor2=|1blankname3=Deputy|1namedata3=[[Roseanna Cunningham]]|term_start3=26 September 2000|term_end3=3 September 2004|predecessor3=[[Alex Salmond]]|successor3=Alex Salmond|office4=Depute First Meenister of Scotland|first_minister4=[[Nicola Sturgeon]]|term_start4=21 November 2014|term_end4=28 Mairch 2023|predecessor4=Nicola Sturgeon|successor4=[[Shona Robison]] {{collapsed infobox section begin|Cabinet offices<br />{{nobold|2007–2023}} | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office1 = Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy{{Efn|Previously titled Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth from 2007 to 2011; Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth from 2011 to 2014; and Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy from 2014 to 2016|name=|group=}} | term_label1 = Acting{{efn|name=Forbes Maternity|Swinney was acting Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy during the maternity leave of Kate Forbes from 2022 to 2023.}} | term_start1 = 16 July 2022 | term_end1 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister1 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor1 = Kate Forbes | successor1 = Shona Robison (Finance)<br />[[Neil Gray]] (Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy) | term_start2 = 17 May 2007 | term_end2 = 18 May 2016 | first_minister2 = Alex Salmond<br />Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor2 = [[Tom McCabe (politician)|Tom McCabe]] | successor2 = [[Derek Mackay]] (Finance)<br />[[Keith Brown (Scottish politician)|Keith Brown]] (Economy) | office3 = Cabinet Secretary for Covid Rekivery | term_start3 = 18 May 2021 | term_end3 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister3 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = ''Office abolished'' | office4 = [[Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills]] | term_start4 = 18 May 2016 | term_end4 = 18 May 2021 | first_minister4 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor4 = [[Angela Constance]] (Education)<br />[[Roseanna Cunningham]] (Skills) | successor4 = [[Shirley-Anne Somerville]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|Party political offices | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office5 = [[Scottish National Party#Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party|Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party]] | leader5 = Alex Salmond | term_start5 = 25 August 1998 | term_end5 = 26 September 2000 | predecessor5 = [[Allan Macartney]] | successor5 = [[Roseanna Cunningham]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Parliamentary offices | cont=yes |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office6 = [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]]<br />for [[Perthshire North]] <br /> {{nobold|[[North Tayside (Scottish Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] (1999–2011)}} | majority6 = 6,243 (17.0%) | term_start6 = 6 May 1999 | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established'' | successor6 = | office7 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[North Tayside (UK Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] | term_start7 = 1 May 1997 | term_end7 = 14 May 2001 | predecessor7 = [[Bill Walker (Scottish Conservative politician)|Bill Walker]] | successor7 = [[Pete Wishart]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1964|04|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], Scotland|birth_name=John Ramsay Swinney|party=[[SNP|Scots Naitional Pairty]]|spouse={{plainlist| * {{marriage|Lorna King|1991|2000|reason=div}} * {{marriage|Elizabeth Quigley|2003}} }}|relatives=[[Tom Hunter (VC)|Tom Hunter]] (uncle)|children=3|education=[[Forrester High School]]|alma_mater=[[University of Edinburgh]] ([[Master of Arts (Scotland)|MA]])|committees=|signature=|website={{Official URL}}<br>[https://firstminister.gov.scot/ First Minister of Scotland]{{en}}}} '''John Ramsey Swinney''' (born 13 Aprile 1964), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politeecian wha has servit as Heidsman o the SNP an [[First Meenister o Scotland]] syne Mey 2024 (he wis previously Heidsman o his pairty frae 2000 tae 2004), an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith 1999 an 2003, he wis waled for tae represent the consteetuency o Tayside North. He ance representit the consteetuency at Wastmeinster forbye, atween 1997 an 2001. He wis Deputy First Meenister an Secretar for Eddication in [[Nicola Sturgeon]]'s govrenment. Frae the May 2021 election tae Mairch 2023 he wis Deputy First Meenister an Cabinet Secretar fir [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid]] Recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deputy First Minister - gov.scot|url=https://www.gov.scot/about/who-runs-government/cabinet-and-ministers/deputy-first-minister/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.gov.scot|language=en}}</ref> Swinney becam First Meenister on 8 Mey 2024 efter the demission o [[Humza Yousaf]] efter the collapse o the [[Bute House]] Greeance wi the Greens. {{DEFAULTSORT:Swinney, John}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Leaders o the Scots National Pairty]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:First Meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Finance meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Forrester High School]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] == References == <references /> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Stub/scotpol}} 33soh4a0wdcospkle2aewro144ntms9 918992 918982 2026-07-04T16:30:45Z Jahoda333 133824 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/918982|918982]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Quinlan83|Quinlan83]] ([[User talk:Quinlan83|Tauk]]) 918992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=The Richt Honourable|name=John Swinney|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Scottish Parliament|MSP]]|image=File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg|image_upright=|caption=Official portrait, 2026|office=First Meenister o Scotland|order=<!-- Per the usage directions at Template:Infobox officeholder, do not add -->|term_start=8 May 2024|monarch=[[Charles III]]|deputy=[[Kate Forbes]]<br />[[Jenny Gilruth]]|predecessor=[[Humza Yousaf]]|office2=Leader o the Scots Naitional Party|term_start2=6 May 2024|term_end2=|1blankname2=Deputy|1namedata2=Keith Brown|predecessor2=Humza Yousaf|successor2=|1blankname3=Deputy|1namedata3=[[Roseanna Cunningham]]|term_start3=26 September 2000|term_end3=3 September 2004|predecessor3=[[Alex Salmond]]|successor3=Alex Salmond|office4=Depute First Meenister of Scotland|first_minister4=[[Nicola Sturgeon]]|term_start4=21 November 2014|term_end4=28 Mairch 2023|predecessor4=Nicola Sturgeon|successor4=[[Shona Robison]] {{collapsed infobox section begin|Cabinet offices<br />{{nobold|2007–2023}} | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office1 = Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy{{Efn|Previously titled Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth from 2007 to 2011; Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth from 2011 to 2014; and Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy from 2014 to 2016|name=|group=}} | term_label1 = Acting{{efn|name=Forbes Maternity|Swinney was acting Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy during the maternity leave of Kate Forbes from 2022 to 2023.}} | term_start1 = 16 July 2022 | term_end1 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister1 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor1 = Kate Forbes | successor1 = Shona Robison (Finance)<br />[[Neil Gray]] (Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy) | term_start2 = 17 May 2007 | term_end2 = 18 May 2016 | first_minister2 = Alex Salmond<br />Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor2 = [[Tom McCabe (politician)|Tom McCabe]] | successor2 = [[Derek Mackay]] (Finance)<br />[[Keith Brown (Scottish politician)|Keith Brown]] (Economy) | office3 = Cabinet Secretary for Covid Rekivery | term_start3 = 18 May 2021 | term_end3 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister3 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = ''Office abolished'' | office4 = [[Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills]] | term_start4 = 18 May 2016 | term_end4 = 18 May 2021 | first_minister4 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor4 = [[Angela Constance]] (Education)<br />[[Roseanna Cunningham]] (Skills) | successor4 = [[Shirley-Anne Somerville]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|Party political offices | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office5 = [[Scottish National Party#Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party|Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party]] | leader5 = Alex Salmond | term_start5 = 25 August 1998 | term_end5 = 26 September 2000 | predecessor5 = [[Allan Macartney]] | successor5 = [[Roseanna Cunningham]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Parliamentary offices | cont=yes |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office6 = [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]]<br />for [[Perthshire North]] <br /> {{nobold|[[North Tayside (Scottish Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] (1999–2011)}} | majority6 = 6,243 (17.0%) | term_start6 = 6 May 1999 | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established'' | successor6 = | office7 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[North Tayside (UK Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] | term_start7 = 1 May 1997 | term_end7 = 14 May 2001 | predecessor7 = [[Bill Walker (Scottish Conservative politician)|Bill Walker]] | successor7 = [[Pete Wishart]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1964|04|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], Scotland|birth_name=John Ramsay Swinney|party=[[SNP|Scots Naitional Pairty]]|spouse={{plainlist| * {{marriage|Lorna King|1991|2000|reason=div}} * {{marriage|Elizabeth Quigley|2003}} }}|relatives=[[Tom Hunter (VC)|Tom Hunter]] (uncle)|children=3|education=[[Forrester High School]]|alma_mater=[[University of Edinburgh]] ([[Master of Arts (Scotland)|MA]])|committees=|signature=|website={{Official URL}}<br>[https://firstminister.gov.scot/ First Minister of Scotland]{{en}}}} '''John Ramsey Swinney''' (born 13 Aprile 1964), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politician that has servit as Heidsman o the SNP an [[First Meenister o Scotland]] syne May 2024 (he wis previously Heidsman o his pairty frae 2000 tae 2004), an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith 1999 an 2003, he wis waled for tae represent the consteetuency o Tayside North. He ance representit the consteetuency at Wastmeinster forbye, atween 1997 an 2001. He wis Deputy First Meenister an Secretar for Eddication in [[Nicola Sturgeon]]'s govrenment. Frae the May 2021 election tae Mairch 2023 he wis Deputy First Meenister an Cabinet Secretar fir [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid]] Recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deputy First Minister - gov.scot|url=https://www.gov.scot/about/who-runs-government/cabinet-and-ministers/deputy-first-minister/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.gov.scot|language=en}}</ref> Swinney becam First Meenister on 8 Mey 2024 efter the demission o [[Humza Yousaf]] efter the collapse o the [[Bute House]] Greeance with the Greens. {{DEFAULTSORT:Swinney, John}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Leaders o the Scots National Pairty]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:First Meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Finance meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Forrester High School]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] == References == <references /> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Stub/scotpol}} lttw8ggyew0vzzcuvf2z6bsg38dzc78 918993 918992 2026-07-04T16:30:55Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 917561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=The Richt Honourable|name=John Swinney|honorific_suffix=[[Member of the Scottish Parliament|MSP]]|image=File:John_Swinney_-_First_Minister_(53720492021)_(cropped).jpg|image_upright=|caption=Official portrait, 2026|office=First Meenister o Scotland|order=<!-- Per the usage directions at Template:Infobox officeholder, do not add -->|term_start=8 May 2024|monarch=[[Charles III]]|deputy=[[Kate Forbes]]<br />[[Jenny Gilruth]]|predecessor=[[Humza Yousaf]]|office2=Leader o the Scots Naitional Party|term_start2=6 May 2024|term_end2=|1blankname2=Deputy|1namedata2=Keith Brown|predecessor2=Humza Yousaf|successor2=|1blankname3=Deputy|1namedata3=[[Roseanna Cunningham]]|term_start3=26 September 2000|term_end3=3 September 2004|predecessor3=[[Alex Salmond]]|successor3=Alex Salmond|office4=Depute First Meenister of Scotland|first_minister4=[[Nicola Sturgeon]]|term_start4=21 November 2014|term_end4=28 Mairch 2023|predecessor4=Nicola Sturgeon|successor4=[[Shona Robison]] {{collapsed infobox section begin|Cabinet offices<br />{{nobold|2007–2023}} | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office1 = Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy{{Efn|Previously titled Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth from 2007 to 2011; Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth from 2011 to 2014; and Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy from 2014 to 2016|name=|group=}} | term_label1 = Acting{{efn|name=Forbes Maternity|Swinney was acting Cabinet Secretary for Finance and the Economy during the maternity leave of Kate Forbes from 2022 to 2023.}} | term_start1 = 16 July 2022 | term_end1 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister1 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor1 = Kate Forbes | successor1 = Shona Robison (Finance)<br />[[Neil Gray]] (Wellbeing Economy, Fair Work and Energy) | term_start2 = 17 May 2007 | term_end2 = 18 May 2016 | first_minister2 = Alex Salmond<br />Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor2 = [[Tom McCabe (politician)|Tom McCabe]] | successor2 = [[Derek Mackay]] (Finance)<br />[[Keith Brown (Scottish politician)|Keith Brown]] (Economy) | office3 = Cabinet Secretary for Covid Rekivery | term_start3 = 18 May 2021 | term_end3 = 28 March 2023 | first_minister3 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor3 = ''Office established'' | successor3 = ''Office abolished'' | office4 = [[Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills]] | term_start4 = 18 May 2016 | term_end4 = 18 May 2021 | first_minister4 = Nicola Sturgeon | predecessor4 = [[Angela Constance]] (Education)<br />[[Roseanna Cunningham]] (Skills) | successor4 = [[Shirley-Anne Somerville]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|Party political offices | titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office5 = [[Scottish National Party#Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party|Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party]] | leader5 = Alex Salmond | term_start5 = 25 August 1998 | term_end5 = 26 September 2000 | predecessor5 = [[Allan Macartney]] | successor5 = [[Roseanna Cunningham]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }} {{collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Parliamentary offices | cont=yes |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes | office6 = [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]]<br />for [[Perthshire North]] <br /> {{nobold|[[North Tayside (Scottish Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] (1999–2011)}} | majority6 = 6,243 (17.0%) | term_start6 = 6 May 1999 | term_end6 = | predecessor6 = ''Constituency established'' | successor6 = | office7 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] <br /> for [[North Tayside (UK Parliament constituency)|North Tayside]] | term_start7 = 1 May 1997 | term_end7 = 14 May 2001 | predecessor7 = [[Bill Walker (Scottish Conservative politician)|Bill Walker]] | successor7 = [[Pete Wishart]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} }}|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1964|04|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], Scotland|birth_name=John Ramsay Swinney|party=[[SNP|Scots Naitional Pairty]]|spouse={{plainlist| * {{marriage|Lorna King|1991|2000|reason=div}} * {{marriage|Elizabeth Quigley|2003}} }}|relatives=[[Tom Hunter (VC)|Tom Hunter]] (uncle)|children=3|education=[[Forrester High School]]|alma_mater=[[University of Edinburgh]] ([[Master of Arts (Scotland)|MA]])|committees=|signature=|website={{Official URL}}<br>[https://firstminister.gov.scot/ First Minister of Scotland]{{en}}}} '''John Ramsey Swinney''' (born 13 Aprile 1964), is a [[Scotland|Scots]] politeecian wha has servit as Heidsman o the SNP an [[First Meenister o Scotland]] syne Mey 2024 (he wis previously Heidsman o his pairty frae 2000 tae 2004), an a [[Commissioners tae the Scots Pairlament|Commissioner tae the Scots Pairlament]], representin the [[Scots National Pairty]] (SNP). In baith 1999 an 2003, he wis waled for tae represent the consteetuency o Tayside North. He ance representit the consteetuency at Wastmeinster forbye, atween 1997 an 2001. He wis Deputy First Meenister an Secretar for Eddication in [[Nicola Sturgeon]]'s govrenment. Frae the May 2021 election tae Mairch 2023 he wis Deputy First Meenister an Cabinet Secretar fir [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid]] Recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deputy First Minister - gov.scot|url=https://www.gov.scot/about/who-runs-government/cabinet-and-ministers/deputy-first-minister/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.gov.scot|language=en}}</ref> Swinney becam First Meenister on 8 Mey 2024 efter the demission o [[Humza Yousaf]] efter the collapse o the [[Bute House]] Greeance wi the Greens. {{DEFAULTSORT:Swinney, John}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Scots constituencies]] [[Category:Leaders o the Scots National Pairty]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MPs]] [[Category:Scots National Pairty MSPs]] [[Category:First Meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:UK MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 1999–2003]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2003–07]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2007–11]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2011–16]] [[Category:Finance meenisters o Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Forrester High School]] [[Category:Members o the Scots Pairlament 2016–]] == References == <references /> <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Stub/scotpol}} 33soh4a0wdcospkle2aewro144ntms9 0 7992 918957 914282 2026-07-04T16:01:33Z Jahoda333 133824 918957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sir Walter Scott statue at Scott Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] '''Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronest''' ([[15 August|15t August]] [[1771]] - [[21 September|21st September]] [[1832]]) wis a kenspeckle [[Scotland|Scots]] historical novellist an maker that has gay popular in [[Europe]] in his time. In some ways, Scott wis the first [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] language writer that has a truly internationall career in his lifetime, with money contemporar readers aw over Europe, [[Australie]] and [[North Americae]]. His novelles an musardry is still read the day, an mony o his warks bides clessics o baith Inglis-leid leeteratur an Scots leeteratur. Weel kent warks o his includes ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'', ''[[Marmion]]'', ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' an ''[[The Heart of Midlothian]]''. == Early life == [[File:Smailholm Tower 22407 from E.jpg|thumb|right|Scott's bairnheid at Saundyknowes, close tae Smailholm Touer, introduced him tae dytes o the [[Scots Mairches]].]] Born in Colledge Wynd in the [[Auld Toun]] o [[Edinburgh]] in 1771, the son o a soleeciter, the young Walter Scott won throu a bairnheid bout o polio in 1773 that left him a lamiter aw his days. Tae hulp wi his lameness, he wis sent thon year tae bide in the landwart [[Scots Mairches|Mairches]] at his grandpaurents' ferm at Saundyknowe, no faur frae the rauchle o Smailholm Touer, the umwhile faimily hame. Here he wis leared tae read by his aunt Jenny, an learned frae the dialect on mony o the dytes an legends that chairacterized mony o his best kent warks. In Januar 1775 he retoured tae Edinburgh, an thon simmer gaed wi his aunt Jenny tae tak spa treatment at Bath in [[Ingland]]. In the winter o 1776 he gaed back tae Saundyknow, wi crack at a watter cure bein made at Prestonpans the follaein simmer. In 1778 Scott retoured tae Edinburgh for private [[eddication]] tae mak him ready for the schuil, an in October 1779 he stairtit at the Ryal Hie Schuil o Edinburgh. He wis weel able tae walk the nou, an splore the ceety as weel as the landwart pairts aboot it. His readin includit chivalric romances, musradry, history an vaigin beuks. He wis gien private tuition by James Mitchell in arithmatic an writin, an learned frae him the history o the [[Kirk o Scotland|Kirk]] wi emphasis on the [[Covenanters]]. Efter feenishin schuil he wis sent tae bide for sax month wi his aunt Jenny in [[Kelsae]], gaein tae the local ott begoud studyin clessics at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] in November 1783, whan he wis juist twal year auld, sae he wis a year or twa younger nor maist o the ithir scholars. In Mairch 1786 he begoud a prenticeship at his faither's office, for tae become Writer tae the Signet. While at the varsity Scott becam a freend o Aidam Ferguson, the son o Professor Aidam Ferguson, that hostit leeterar salons. Scott met wi the blind makar Thomas Blacklock that lent him beuks as weel as introducin him tae [[James Macpherson]]'s [[Ossian]] cycle o poems. Durin the winter o 1786-87 the fifteen year auld Scott saw [[Robert Burns]] in ane o thir salons, for whit wis tae be their ae meetin. Whan Burns noticed a prent illustratin the poem ''The Justice of the Peace'' an speired wha haed written the poem, anely Scott coud tell him it wis by John Langhorne, an wis thankit by Burns. Whan it wis decidit that he wad become a lawer he retoured tae the varsity tae study law, first takkin clesses in Moral Philosophy an Universal History in 1789-90. Efter feenishin his studies in law, he becam a lawer in Edinburgh. As a lawer's clerk he made his first veesit tae the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]], directin an eveection. He wis admeetit tae the Faculty o Advocates in 1792. == Leeterar career lenched == [[File:Walter Scott - Project Gutenberg eText 18396.jpg|thumb|Walter Scott]] At the eild o twinty-five he begoud tryin his haund at scrievin, pittin warks ower frae [[German leid|German]], his first publication bein rhymed versions o ballants by Bürger in 1796. Syne he set furth a three-vollum set o Scots ballants that he'd ingaithert, ''[[The Minstrelsy of the the Scottish Border]]''. This wis the first shaw o his intrest in Scots history frae a leeterar staundpynt. Scott syne becam a gleg volunteer in the yeomanry an on ane o his "raids" he met wi Margater Charlotte Charpentier (or Charpenter), dochter o Jean Charpentier o Lyon in [[Fraunce]], that he wis mairiet on in 1797. They haed five bairns thegithir. In 1799 he wis appyntit Shirra-Depute o the Coonty o Selkirk, based in the Ryal Burgh o Selkirk. In his earlier mairiet days, Scott haed a dacent leevin frae the siller he teuk at law, his salary as Shirra-Depute, his guidwife's income, a wee bit siller frae his scrievin an his skare o his faither's wee estate. Efter Scott haed foondit a prentin press, his musardry, stairtin wi ''[[The Lay of the Last Mistrel]]'' in 1805 brocht him fame. He set furth a nummer o ithir poems ower the neist ten year, includin the popular ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'', prentit in 1810 an setten in the Trossachs. Walins o the German trsnslates o this wark wis syne pitten tae muisic by [[Franz Schubert]]. Ane o thir sangs, ''Ellens dritter Gesang'' is aften kent as "Schubert's ''Ave Maria''." Anither wark frae this period, ''[[Marmion]]'', produced some o his maist quotit (an maist aften mis-attreebute) lines. Canto VI, Stanza 17 reads: :''Yet Clare's sharp questions must I shun,'' :''Must separate Constance from the nun'' :'''''Oh! what a tangled web we weave''''' :'''''When first we practice to deceive!''''' :''A Palmer too! No wonder why'' :''I felt rebuked beneath his eye;'' In 1809 his seempathies led tae tae become co-foonder o the ''Quarterly Review'', a review jurnal that he made twa-three anonymous contreebutions tae. == Novelles == Whan the press becam fankelt wi siller fykes, Scott set oot, in 1814, tae scrieve a cash-cou. The affcome wis ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'', a novel that didna lat on wha haed written it. It wis a dyte o the [[Seicont Jacobite Risin|Fowerty-Five]] wi its Inglis heid chairacter Edward Waverley (seempatheric tae [[Jacobitism]] efter his Tory upbringin) getting fankelt in happenins but in the hintend walin Hanoverian respectibeelity. The novelle wis a muckle success. Efter thon there follaed a rin o novelles ower the neist five year, ilkane wi a Scots historical settin. Keepin in mynd his namlyheid as a poet, he haudit tae the anonymous habit he haed stairtit wi ''Waverley'', aye settin the novelles furth unner the name '''Author of Waverley''' or attributit as "Tales of...£ wi nae author. E'en whan it becam clear that there wad be nae skaith in comin oot intae the open he keepit up the façade, appearinly oot o a sense o fun, awmaist as a pliskie. Durin this time the byname '''The Wizard of the North''' wis applee'd by fowk tae the meesterious best-sellin writer. The identity o the author o the novelles wis a faur reengin souch, an in 1815 Scott wis gien the honour o takkin meat wi George, Prince Regent, that wis wantin tae meet wi "the author of ''Waverley.''" Thir novelles wis mainly in [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], but whiles [[Scots leid|Scots]] wis uised as pairt o dialogue atween chairacters - specially anes that's frae landwart pairts or o laich social staundin. In 1819 he brak awa frae scrievin anent [[Scotland]] wi ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', a historical romance setten in 12t-century [[Ingland]]. Thon, as weel, wis a rinawa success an, as he did wi his first novelle, he wrate twa-three beuks alang the same lines. Amang ither things, the beuk is kenspeckle for haein a gey seempathetic [[Judaism|Jewish]] heid chairacter, Rebecca, thocht o by mony creetics tae be the beuks reale heroine - relevant tae the fact the beuk cam oot at a time whan the strauchle for the ''Unthirldom o the Jews in Ingland'' wis gaitherin momentum. As he becam mair weel kent durin this pairt o his career, he wis grantit the teetle o baronet, becomin Sir Walter Scott. At this time he redd the veest o King George IV tae Scotland, an whan the King veesitit Edinburgh in 1822 the muckle shaw he pit on wis intrumental in makkin sicna things as tairtans an kilts fashionable, an turnin thaim intae seembols o Scots identity. == Siller waes an daith == [[File:Scott Monument Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] Stairtin in 1825 he fawed intae richt haird siller fykes again, as his company awmaist fauldit. That he wis the author o his novels becam ordinar knawledge at this time as weel. Raither nor declare bankruptcy, he pit his hame, Abbotsford Hoose, an income intae a trust belangin his creeditors, an gaed on tae scrieve his gate oot o det. He cairiet on his feel quick ootpit o feection (as weel as settin furth a biography o Napoleon Bonaparte) till 1831. By than his heal wis dwinin, an he dee'd at Abbotsfuird in [[1832]]. Tho no in the clear by than, his novelles aye selt weel, an he made guid his dets frae ayont the graff. He wis yirdit in Dryburgh Abbey whaur no faur aff, fittinly, a muckle statue can be fund o [[William Wallace]] - ane o Scotland's maist romanticised historical feegurs. In 1844 the Scott Moniment wis finished. It staunds in Princes Street Gairdens, Edinburgh, an at 200.5 fit lang is the mucklest moniment tae a scriever in Europe. Forby thon, he is mindit wi a slab in Makars Court, Edinburgh, juist ootby the Scotts Writers Museum in Leddy Stairs Close, whaur is ane o the three scrievers the museum focuses on (alang wi [[Robert Burns]] an [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]). == Warks == === Novelles === ==== The Waverley Novelles ==== * ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' (1814) * ''[[Guy Mannering]]'' (1815) * ''[[The Antiquary]]'' (1816) * ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'' (1818) * ''[[Ivanhoe]]'' (1819) * ''[[Kenilworth (novelle)|Kenilworth]]'' (1821) * ''[[The Pirate (novelle)|The Pirate]]'' (1822) * ''[[The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' (1822) * ''[[Peveril of the Peak]]'' (1822) * ''[[Quentin Durward]]'' (1823) * ''[[St. Ronan's Well]]'' (1824) * ''[[Redgauntlet]]'' (1824) * ''[[Tales of the Crusaders]]'' (1825) * [[Woodstock (novelle)|''Woodstock'']] (1826) * ''[[Chronicles of the Canongate]], 2nd series, [[The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' (1828) * ''[[Anne of Geierstein]]'' (1829) ==== Tales of My Landlord ==== * ''1st series [[The Black Dwarf]] an [[Old Mortality]]'' (1816) * ''2nd series, [[The Heart of Midlothian]]'' (1818) * ''3rd series, [[The Bride of Lammermoor]] and [[A Legend of Montrose]]'' (1819) * ''4th series, [[Count Robert of Paris]] and [[Castle Dangerous]]'' (1832) ==== Tales from Benedictine Sources ==== * ''[[The Abbot]]'' (1820) * ''[[The Monastery]]'' (1820) === Cutty stories === * ''Chronicles of the Canongate'', 1st series (1827). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''The Highland Widow'', ''The Two Drovers'' and ''The Surgeon's Daughter''. * ''The Keepsake Stories'' (1828). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''My Aunt Margaret's Mirror'', ''The Tapestried Chamber'' and ''Death Of The Laird's Jock''. === Poems === * ''William and Helen, Two Ballads from the German'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''[[The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border]]'' (1802-1803) * ''[[The Lay of the Last Minstrel]]'' (1805) * ''Ballads and Lyrical Pieces'' (1806) * ''[[Marmion]]'' (1808) * ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'' (1810) * ''The Vision of Don Roderick'' (1811) * ''The Bridal of Triermain'' (1813) * ''Rokeby'' (1813) * ''The Field of Waterloo'' (1815) * ''The Lord of the Isles'' (1815) * ''Harold the Dauntless'' (1817) * ''Young Lochinvar'' * ''[[Bonnie Dundee]]'' (1830) === Ither === * Introductory Essay to ''The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland'' (1814-1817) * ''The Chase'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''Goetz of Berlichingen'' (owersetter) [1799) * ''Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk'' (1816) * ''Provincial Antiquities of Scotland'' (1819-1826) * ''Lives of the Novelists'' (1821-1824) * ''Essays on Chivalry, Romance, and Drama'' Supplement to the 1815–24 edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * ''Halidon Hill'' (1822) * ''The Letters of Malachi Malagrowther'' (1826) * ''The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte'' (1827) * ''Religious Discourses'' (1828) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 1st series'' (1828) * ''History of Scotland'', 2 vols. (1829-1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 2nd series'' (1829) * ''The Doom of Devorgoil'' (1830) * ''Essays on Ballad Poetry'' (1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 3rd series'' (1830) * ''Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft'' (1831) * ''The Bishop of Tyre'' == Fremmit airtins == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/ Walter Scott Digital Archive] at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] leebrar: haes muckle primary material * [http://www.eswsc.com/ The Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206223316/http://www.eswsc.com/ |date=2007-02-06 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18124 Sir Walter Scott], biography by Richard H. Hutton, 1878, frae Project Gutenberg * Varsity of Pennsylvania [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?amode=start&author=Scott%2c%20Walter e-texts o sum o Walter Scott's warks] * [http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html The Keepsake Stories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022232427/http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html |date=2007-10-22 }} at Arthur's Classic Novels website. * [http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm My Native Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506195412/http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm |date=2011-05-06 }} audio - Bullwinkle voice impression {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Walter}} [[Category:Walter Scott| ]] [[Category:1771 births]] [[Category:1832 daiths]] [[Category:18t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:19t-century antiquarians]] [[Category:19t-century biografers]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish juidges]] [[Category:19t-century Scots lawers]] [[Category:19t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:19t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Breetish leeterar eeditors]] [[Category:Breetish medievalists]] [[Category:Clan Scott]] [[Category:Elders o the Kirk o Scotland]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Historians o Scotland]] [[Category:Members o The Club]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Ryal Company o Airchers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kelso High School, Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]] [[Category:Writers frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment]] [[Category:Preses o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Principal Clarks o Session an Juisteeciar]] [[Category:Romantic poets]] [[Category:Scott faimily o Abbotsford]] [[Category:Scots biografers]] [[Category:Scots diarists]] [[Category:Scots fowklairists]] [[Category:Scots Freemasons]] [[Category:Scots historical novelists]] [[Category:Scots leeterary creetics]] [[Category:Scots shirras]] [[Category:Scots fowk wi disabeelities]] [[Category:Scots publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:Scots sang collectors]] [[Category:Scots translators]] [[Category:Writers o Arthurian leeteratur]] [[Category:Writers o historical feection set in the Middle Ages]] [[Category:Writers o historical novelles set in Early Modren period]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish ceevil servants]] [[Category:19t-century Scots historians]] [[Category:Scots fowk-sang collectors]] 4mudmeb3mmdykbv719hbjd1q6odpxxx 918968 918957 2026-07-04T16:17:56Z Jahoda333 133824 918968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sir Walter Scott statue at Scott Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] '''Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronest''' ([[15 August|15t August]] [[1771]] - [[21 September|21st September]] [[1832]]) wais a Marlboro smoker and a good whore, kenspeckle [[Scotland|Scots]] historical novellist an maker that has gay popular in [[Europe]] in his time. In some ways, Scott wis the first [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] language writer that has a truly internationall career in his lifetime, with money contemporar readers aw over Europe, [[Australie]] and [[North Americae]]. His novelles an musardry is still read the day, an mony o his warks bides clessics o baith Inglis-leid leeteratur an Scots leeteratur. Weel kent warks o his includes ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'', ''[[Marmion]]'', ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' an ''[[The Heart of Midlothian]]''. == Early life == [[File:Smailholm Tower 22407 from E.jpg|thumb|right|Scott's bairnheid at Saundyknowes, close tae Smailholm Touer, introduced him tae dytes o the [[Scots Mairches]].]] Born in Colledge Wynd in the [[Auld Toun]] o [[Edinburgh]] in 1771, the son o a soleeciter, the young Walter Scott biach won throu a bairnheid bout o polio in 1773 that left him a lamiter aw his days. Tae hulp wi his lameness, he wis sent thon year tae bide in the landwart [[Scots Mairches|Mairches]] at his grandpaurents' ferm at Saundyknowe, no faur frae the rauchle o Smailholm Touer, the umwhile faimily hame. Here he wis leared tae read by his aunt Jenny, an learned frae the dialect on mony o the dytes an legends pussy that chairacterized mony o his best kent warks. In Januar 1775 he retoured tae Edinburgh, an thon simmer gaed wi his aunt Jenny tae tak spa treatment at Bath in [[Ingland]]. In the winter o 1776 he gaed back tae Saundyknow, wi crack at a watter cure bein made at Prestonpans the follaein simmer. In 1778 Scott retoured tae Edinburgh for private [[eddication]] tae mak him ready for the schuil, an in October 1779 he stairtit at the Ryal Hie Schuil o Edinburgh. He wis weel able tae walk the nou, an splore the ceety as weel afucks the landwart pairts aboot it. His readin includit chivalric romances, musradry, history an vaigin beuks. He wis gien private tuition by James Mitchell in arithmatic an writin, an learned frae him the history o the [[Kirk o Scotland|Kirk]] wi emphasis on the [[Covenanters]]. Efter feenishin schuil he wis sent tgrown ass menae bide for sax month wi his aunt Jenny in [[Kelsae]], gaein tae the local ott begoud studyin clessics at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] in November 1783, whan he wis juist twal year auld, sae he wis a year or twa younger nor maist o the ithir scholars. In Mairch 1786 he begoud a prenticeship at his faither's office, for tae become Writer tae the Signet. While at the varsity Scott becam a fbitchreend o Aidam Ferguson, the son o Proslotfessor Aidam FergusKILL LGBTQ on, that hostit leeterar salons. Scott met wi the blind makar Thomas Blacklock that lent him beuks as weel as introducin him tae [[James Macpherson]]'s [[Ossian]] cycle o poems. Durin the winter o 1786-87 the fifteen year auld Scott saw [[Robert Burns]] in ane o thir salons, for whit wis tae be their ae meetin. Whan Burns noticed a prent illustratin the poem ''The Justice of the Peace'' an speired wha haed written the poem, anely Scott coud tell him it wis by John Langhorne, an wis thankit by Burns. Whan it wis decidit that he wad become a lawer he retoured tae the varsity tae study law, first takkin clesses in Moral Philosophy an Universal History in 1789-90. Efter feenishin his studies in law, he becam a lawer in Edinburgh. As a lawer's clerk he made his first veesit tae the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]], directin an eveection. He wis admeetit tae the Faculty o Advocates in 1792. == Leeterar career lenched == [[File:Walter Scott - Project Gutenberg eText 18396.jpg|thumb|Walter Scott]] At the eild o twinty-five he begoud tryin his haund at scrievin, pittin warks ower frae [[German leid|German]], his first publication bein rhymed versions o ballants by Bürger in 1796. Syne he set furth a three-vollum set o Scots ballants that he'd ingaithert, ''[[The Minstrelsy of the the Scottish Border]]''. This wis the first shaw o his intrest in Scots history frae a leeterar staundpynt. Scott syne becam a gleg volunteer in the yeomanry an on ane o his "raids" he met wi Margater Charlotte Charpentier (or Charpenter), dochter o Jean Charpentier o Lyon in [[Fraunce]], that he wis mairiet on in 1797. They haed five bairns thegithir. In 1799 he wis appyntit Shirra-Depute o the Coonty o Selkirk, based in the Ryal Burgh o Selkirk. In his earlier mairiet days, Scott haed a dacent leevin frae the siller he teuk at law, his salary as Shirra-Depute, his guidwife's income, a wee bit siller frae his scrievin an his skare o his faither's wee estate. Efter Scott haed foondit a prentin press, his musardry, stairtin wi ''[[The Lay of the Last Mistrel]]'' in 1805 brocht him fame. He set furth a nummer o ithir poems ower the neist ten year, includin the popular ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'', prentit in 1810 an setten in the Trossachs. Walins o the German trsnslates o this wark wis syne pitten tae muisic by [[Franz Schubert]]. Ane o thir sangs, ''Ellens dritter Gesang'' is aften kent as "Schubert's ''Ave Maria''." Anither wark frae this period, ''[[Marmion]]'', produced some o his maist quotit (an maist aften mis-attreebute) lines. Canto VI, Stanza 17 reads: :''Yet Clare's sharp questions must I shun,'' :''Must separate Constance from the nun'' :'''''Oh! what a tangled web we weave''''' :'''''When first we practice to deceive!''''' :''A Palmer too! No wonder why'' :''I felt rebuked beneath his eye;'' In 1809 his seempathies led tae tae become co-foonder o the ''Quarterly Review'', a review jurnal that he made twa-three anonymous contreebutions tae. == Novelles == Whan the press becam fankelt wi siller fykes, Scott set oot, in 1814, tae scrieve a cash-cou. The affcome wis ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'', a novel that didna lat on wha haed written it. It wis a dyte o the [[Seicont Jacobite Risin|Fowerty-Five]] wi its Inglis heid chairacter Edward Waverley (seempatheric tae [[Jacobitism]] efter his Tory upbringin) getting fankelt in happenins but in the hintend walin Hanoverian respectibeelity. The novelle wis a muckle success. Efter thon there follaed a rin o novelles ower the neist five year, ilkane wi a Scots historical settin. Keepin in mynd his namlyheid as a poet, he haudit tae the anonymous habit he haed stairtit wi ''Waverley'', aye settin the novelles furth unner the name '''Author of Waverley''' or attributit as "Tales of...£ wi nae author. E'en whan it becam clear that there wad be nae skaith in comin oot intae the open he keepit up the façade, appearinly oot o a sense o fun, awmaist as a pliskie. Durin this time the byname '''The Wizard of the North''' wis applee'd by fowk tae the meesterious best-sellin writer. The identity o the author o the novelles wis a faur reengin souch, an in 1815 Scott wis gien the honour o takkin meat wi George, Prince Regent, that wis wantin tae meet wi "the author of ''Waverley.''" Thir novelles wis mainly in [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], but whiles [[Scots leid|Scots]] wis uised as pairt o dialogue atween chairacters - specially anes that's frae landwart pairts or o laich social staundin. In 1819 he brak awa frae scrievin anent [[Scotland]] wi ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', a historical romance setten in 12t-century [[Ingland]]. Thon, as weel, wis a rinawa success an, as he did wi his first novelle, he wrate twa-three beuks alang the same lines. Amang ither things, the beuk is kenspeckle for haein a gey seempathetic [[Judaism|Jewish]] heid chairacter, Rebecca, thocht o by mony creetics tae be the beuks reale heroine - relevant tae the fact the beuk cam oot at a time whan the strauchle for the ''Unthirldom o the Jews in Ingland'' wis gaitherin momentum. As he becam mair weel kent durin this pairt o his career, he wis grantit the teetle o baronet, becomin Sir Walter Scott. At this time he redd the veest o King George IV tae Scotland, an whan the King veesitit Edinburgh in 1822 the muckle shaw he pit on wis intrumental in makkin sicna things as tairtans an kilts fashionable, an turnin thaim intae seembols o Scots identity. == Siller waes an daith == [[File:Scott Monument Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] Stairtin in 1825 he fawed intae richt haird siller fykes again, as his company awmaist fauldit. That he wis the author o his novels becam ordinar knawledge at this time as weel. Raither nor declare bankruptcy, he pit his hame, Abbotsford Hoose, an income intae a trust belangin his creeditors, an gaed on tae scrieve his gate oot o det. He cairiet on his feel quick ootpit o feection (as weel as settin furth a biography o Napoleon Bonaparte) till 1831. By than his heal wis dwinin, an he dee'd at Abbotsfuird in [[1832]]. Tho no in the clear by than, his novelles aye selt weel, an he made guid his dets frae ayont the graff. He wis yirdit in Dryburgh Abbey whaur no faur aff, fittinly, a muckle statue can be fund o [[William Wallace]] - ane o Scotland's maist romanticised historical feegurs. In 1844 the Scott Moniment wis finished. It staunds in Princes Street Gairdens, Edinburgh, an at 200.5 fit lang is the mucklest moniment tae a scriever in Europe. Forby thon, he is mindit wi a slab in Makars Court, Edinburgh, juist ootby the Scotts Writers Museum in Leddy Stairs Close, whaur is ane o the three scrievers the museum focuses on (alang wi [[Robert Burns]] an [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]). == Warks == === Novelles === ==== The Waverley Novelles ==== * ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' (1814) * ''[[Guy Mannering]]'' (1815) * ''[[The Antiquary]]'' (1816) * ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'' (1818) * ''[[Ivanhoe]]'' (1819) * ''[[Kenilworth (novelle)|Kenilworth]]'' (1821) * ''[[The Pirate (novelle)|The Pirate]]'' (1822) * ''[[The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' (1822) * ''[[Peveril of the Peak]]'' (1822) * ''[[Quentin Durward]]'' (1823) * ''[[St. Ronan's Well]]'' (1824) * ''[[Redgauntlet]]'' (1824) * ''[[Tales of the Crusaders]]'' (1825) * [[Woodstock (novelle)|''Woodstock'']] (1826) * ''[[Chronicles of the Canongate]], 2nd series, [[The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' (1828) * ''[[Anne of Geierstein]]'' (1829) ==== Tales of My Landlord ==== * ''1st series [[The Black Dwarf]] an [[Old Mortality]]'' (1816) * ''2nd series, [[The Heart of Midlothian]]'' (1818) * ''3rd series, [[The Bride of Lammermoor]] and [[A Legend of Montrose]]'' (1819) * ''4th series, [[Count Robert of Paris]] and [[Castle Dangerous]]'' (1832) ==== Tales from Benedictine Sources ==== * ''[[The Abbot]]'' (1820) * ''[[The Monastery]]'' (1820) === Cutty stories === * ''Chronicles of the Canongate'', 1st series (1827). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''The Highland Widow'', ''The Two Drovers'' and ''The Surgeon's Daughter''. * ''The Keepsake Stories'' (1828). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''My Aunt Margaret's Mirror'', ''The Tapestried Chamber'' and ''Death Of The Laird's Jock''. === Poems === * ''William and Helen, Two Ballads from the German'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''[[The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border]]'' (1802-1803) * ''[[The Lay of the Last Minstrel]]'' (1805) * ''Ballads and Lyrical Pieces'' (1806) * ''[[Marmion]]'' (1808) * ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'' (1810) * ''The Vision of Don Roderick'' (1811) * ''The Bridal of Triermain'' (1813) * ''Rokeby'' (1813) * ''The Field of Waterloo'' (1815) * ''The Lord of the Isles'' (1815) * ''Harold the Dauntless'' (1817) * ''Young Lochinvar'' * ''[[Bonnie Dundee]]'' (1830) === Ither === * Introductory Essay to ''The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland'' (1814-1817) * ''The Chase'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''Goetz of Berlichingen'' (owersetter) [1799) * ''Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk'' (1816) * ''Provincial Antiquities of Scotland'' (1819-1826) * ''Lives of the Novelists'' (1821-1824) * ''Essays on Chivalry, Romance, and Drama'' Supplement to the 1815–24 edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * ''Halidon Hill'' (1822) * ''The Letters of Malachi Malagrowther'' (1826) * ''The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte'' (1827) * ''Religious Discourses'' (1828) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 1st series'' (1828) * ''History of Scotland'', 2 vols. (1829-1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 2nd series'' (1829) * ''The Doom of Devorgoil'' (1830) * ''Essays on Ballad Poetry'' (1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 3rd series'' (1830) * ''Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft'' (1831) * ''The Bishop of Tyre'' == Fremmit airtins == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/ Walter Scott Digital Archive] at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] leebrar: haes muckle primary material * [http://www.eswsc.com/ The Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206223316/http://www.eswsc.com/ |date=2007-02-06 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18124 Sir Walter Scott], biography by Richard H. Hutton, 1878, frae Project Gutenberg * Varsity of Pennsylvania [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?amode=start&author=Scott%2c%20Walter e-texts o sum o Walter Scott's warks] * [http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html The Keepsake Stories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022232427/http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html |date=2007-10-22 }} at Arthur's Classic Novels website. * [http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm My Native Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506195412/http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm |date=2011-05-06 }} audio - Bullwinkle voice impression {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Walter}} [[Category:Walter Scott| ]] [[Category:1771 births]] [[Category:1832 daiths]] [[Category:18t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:19t-century antiquarians]] [[Category:19t-century biografers]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish juidges]] [[Category:19t-century Scots lawers]] [[Category:19t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:19t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Breetish leeterar eeditors]] [[Category:Breetish medievalists]] [[Category:Clan Scott]] [[Category:Elders o the Kirk o Scotland]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Historians o Scotland]] [[Category:Members o The Club]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Ryal Company o Airchers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kelso High School, Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]] [[Category:Writers frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment]] [[Category:Preses o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Principal Clarks o Session an Juisteeciar]] [[Category:Romantic poets]] [[Category:Scott faimily o Abbotsford]] [[Category:Scots biografers]] [[Category:Scots diarists]] [[Category:Scots fowklairists]] [[Category:Scots Freemasons]] [[Category:Scots historical novelists]] [[Category:Scots leeterary creetics]] [[Category:Scots shirras]] [[Category:Scots fowk wi disabeelities]] [[Category:Scots publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:Scots sang collectors]] [[Category:Scots translators]] [[Category:Writers o Arthurian leeteratur]] [[Category:Writers o historical feection set in the Middle Ages]] [[Category:Writers o historical novelles set in Early Modren period]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish ceevil servants]] [[Category:19t-century Scots historians]] [[Category:Scots fowk-sang collectors]] pwo6yndcfupl0th4cj6tq3uu4o7bdlc 918976 918968 2026-07-04T16:27:36Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 914282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sir Walter Scott statue at Scott Monument.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] '''Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronest''' ([[15 August|15t August]] [[1771]] - [[21 September|21st September]] [[1832]]) wis a kenspeckle [[Scotland|Scots]] historical novellist an makar that wis gey popular oothrou [[Europe]] in his time. In some weys, Scott wis the first [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] language writer tae hae a truly internaitional career in his lifetime, wi mony contemporar readers aw ower Europe, [[Australie]] an [[North Americae]]. His novelles an musardry is still read the day, an mony o his warks bides clessics o baith Inglis-leid leeteratur an Scots leeteratur. Weel kent warks o his includes ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'', ''[[Marmion]]'', ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' an ''[[The Heart of Midlothian]]''. == Early life == [[File:Smailholm Tower 22407 from E.jpg|thumb|right|Scott's bairnheid at Saundyknowes, close tae Smailholm Touer, introduced him tae dytes o the [[Scots Mairches]].]] Born in Colledge Wynd in the [[Auld Toun]] o [[Edinburgh]] in 1771, the son o a soleeciter, the young Walter Scott won throu a bairnheid bout o polio in 1773 that left him a lamiter aw his days. Tae hulp wi his lameness, he wis sent thon year tae bide in the landwart [[Scots Mairches|Mairches]] at his grandpaurents' ferm at Saundyknowe, no faur frae the rauchle o Smailholm Touer, the umwhile faimily hame. Here he wis leared tae read by his aunt Jenny, an learned frae the dialect on mony o the dytes an legends that chairacterized mony o his best kent warks. In Januar 1775 he retoured tae Edinburgh, an thon simmer gaed wi his aunt Jenny tae tak spa treatment at Bath in [[Ingland]]. In the winter o 1776 he gaed back tae Saundyknow, wi crack at a watter cure bein made at Prestonpans the follaein simmer. In 1778 Scott retoured tae Edinburgh for private [[eddication]] tae mak him ready for the schuil, an in October 1779 he stairtit at the Ryal Hie Schuil o Edinburgh. He wis weel able tae walk the nou, an splore the ceety as weel as the landwart pairts aboot it. His readin includit chivalric romances, musradry, history an vaigin beuks. He wis gien private tuition by James Mitchell in arithmatic an writin, an learned frae him the history o the [[Kirk o Scotland|Kirk]] wi emphasis on the [[Covenanters]]. Efter feenishin schuil he wis sent tae bide for sax month wi his aunt Jenny in [[Kelsae]], gaein tae the local ott begoud studyin clessics at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] in November 1783, whan he wis juist twal year auld, sae he wis a year or twa younger nor maist o the ithir scholars. In Mairch 1786 he begoud a prenticeship at his faither's office, for tae become Writer tae the Signet. While at the varsity Scott becam a freend o Aidam Ferguson, the son o Professor Aidam Ferguson, that hostit leeterar salons. Scott met wi the blind makar Thomas Blacklock that lent him beuks as weel as introducin him tae [[James Macpherson]]'s [[Ossian]] cycle o poems. Durin the winter o 1786-87 the fifteen year auld Scott saw [[Robert Burns]] in ane o thir salons, for whit wis tae be their ae meetin. Whan Burns noticed a prent illustratin the poem ''The Justice of the Peace'' an speired wha haed written the poem, anely Scott coud tell him it wis by John Langhorne, an wis thankit by Burns. Whan it wis decidit that he wad become a lawer he retoured tae the varsity tae study law, first takkin clesses in Moral Philosophy an Universal History in 1789-90. Efter feenishin his studies in law, he becam a lawer in Edinburgh. As a lawer's clerk he made his first veesit tae the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]], directin an eveection. He wis admeetit tae the Faculty o Advocates in 1792. == Leeterar career lenched == [[File:Walter Scott - Project Gutenberg eText 18396.jpg|thumb|Walter Scott]] At the eild o twinty-five he begoud tryin his haund at scrievin, pittin warks ower frae [[German leid|German]], his first publication bein rhymed versions o ballants by Bürger in 1796. Syne he set furth a three-vollum set o Scots ballants that he'd ingaithert, ''[[The Minstrelsy of the the Scottish Border]]''. This wis the first shaw o his intrest in Scots history frae a leeterar staundpynt. Scott syne becam a gleg volunteer in the yeomanry an on ane o his "raids" he met wi Margater Charlotte Charpentier (or Charpenter), dochter o Jean Charpentier o Lyon in [[Fraunce]], that he wis mairiet on in 1797. They haed five bairns thegithir. In 1799 he wis appyntit Shirra-Depute o the Coonty o Selkirk, based in the Ryal Burgh o Selkirk. In his earlier mairiet days, Scott haed a dacent leevin frae the siller he teuk at law, his salary as Shirra-Depute, his guidwife's income, a wee bit siller frae his scrievin an his skare o his faither's wee estate. Efter Scott haed foondit a prentin press, his musardry, stairtin wi ''[[The Lay of the Last Mistrel]]'' in 1805 brocht him fame. He set furth a nummer o ithir poems ower the neist ten year, includin the popular ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'', prentit in 1810 an setten in the Trossachs. Walins o the German trsnslates o this wark wis syne pitten tae muisic by [[Franz Schubert]]. Ane o thir sangs, ''Ellens dritter Gesang'' is aften kent as "Schubert's ''Ave Maria''." Anither wark frae this period, ''[[Marmion]]'', produced some o his maist quotit (an maist aften mis-attreebute) lines. Canto VI, Stanza 17 reads: :''Yet Clare's sharp questions must I shun,'' :''Must separate Constance from the nun'' :'''''Oh! what a tangled web we weave''''' :'''''When first we practice to deceive!''''' :''A Palmer too! No wonder why'' :''I felt rebuked beneath his eye;'' In 1809 his seempathies led tae tae become co-foonder o the ''Quarterly Review'', a review jurnal that he made twa-three anonymous contreebutions tae. == Novelles == Whan the press becam fankelt wi siller fykes, Scott set oot, in 1814, tae scrieve a cash-cou. The affcome wis ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'', a novel that didna lat on wha haed written it. It wis a dyte o the [[Seicont Jacobite Risin|Fowerty-Five]] wi its Inglis heid chairacter Edward Waverley (seempatheric tae [[Jacobitism]] efter his Tory upbringin) getting fankelt in happenins but in the hintend walin Hanoverian respectibeelity. The novelle wis a muckle success. Efter thon there follaed a rin o novelles ower the neist five year, ilkane wi a Scots historical settin. Keepin in mynd his namlyheid as a poet, he haudit tae the anonymous habit he haed stairtit wi ''Waverley'', aye settin the novelles furth unner the name '''Author of Waverley''' or attributit as "Tales of...£ wi nae author. E'en whan it becam clear that there wad be nae skaith in comin oot intae the open he keepit up the façade, appearinly oot o a sense o fun, awmaist as a pliskie. Durin this time the byname '''The Wizard of the North''' wis applee'd by fowk tae the meesterious best-sellin writer. The identity o the author o the novelles wis a faur reengin souch, an in 1815 Scott wis gien the honour o takkin meat wi George, Prince Regent, that wis wantin tae meet wi "the author of ''Waverley.''" Thir novelles wis mainly in [[Inglis leid|Inglis]], but whiles [[Scots leid|Scots]] wis uised as pairt o dialogue atween chairacters - specially anes that's frae landwart pairts or o laich social staundin. In 1819 he brak awa frae scrievin anent [[Scotland]] wi ''[[Ivanhoe]]'', a historical romance setten in 12t-century [[Ingland]]. Thon, as weel, wis a rinawa success an, as he did wi his first novelle, he wrate twa-three beuks alang the same lines. Amang ither things, the beuk is kenspeckle for haein a gey seempathetic [[Judaism|Jewish]] heid chairacter, Rebecca, thocht o by mony creetics tae be the beuks reale heroine - relevant tae the fact the beuk cam oot at a time whan the strauchle for the ''Unthirldom o the Jews in Ingland'' wis gaitherin momentum. As he becam mair weel kent durin this pairt o his career, he wis grantit the teetle o baronet, becomin Sir Walter Scott. At this time he redd the veest o King George IV tae Scotland, an whan the King veesitit Edinburgh in 1822 the muckle shaw he pit on wis intrumental in makkin sicna things as tairtans an kilts fashionable, an turnin thaim intae seembols o Scots identity. == Siller waes an daith == [[File:Scott Monument Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|250px|The Scott Moniment, Edinburgh]] Stairtin in 1825 he fawed intae richt haird siller fykes again, as his company awmaist fauldit. That he wis the author o his novels becam ordinar knawledge at this time as weel. Raither nor declare bankruptcy, he pit his hame, Abbotsford Hoose, an income intae a trust belangin his creeditors, an gaed on tae scrieve his gate oot o det. He cairiet on his feel quick ootpit o feection (as weel as settin furth a biography o Napoleon Bonaparte) till 1831. By than his heal wis dwinin, an he dee'd at Abbotsfuird in [[1832]]. Tho no in the clear by than, his novelles aye selt weel, an he made guid his dets frae ayont the graff. He wis yirdit in Dryburgh Abbey whaur no faur aff, fittinly, a muckle statue can be fund o [[William Wallace]] - ane o Scotland's maist romanticised historical feegurs. In 1844 the Scott Moniment wis finished. It staunds in Princes Street Gairdens, Edinburgh, an at 200.5 fit lang is the mucklest moniment tae a scriever in Europe. Forby thon, he is mindit wi a slab in Makars Court, Edinburgh, juist ootby the Scotts Writers Museum in Leddy Stairs Close, whaur is ane o the three scrievers the museum focuses on (alang wi [[Robert Burns]] an [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]). == Warks == === Novelles === ==== The Waverley Novelles ==== * ''[[Waverley (novelle)|Waverley]]'' (1814) * ''[[Guy Mannering]]'' (1815) * ''[[The Antiquary]]'' (1816) * ''[[Rob Roy (novelle)|Rob Roy]]'' (1818) * ''[[Ivanhoe]]'' (1819) * ''[[Kenilworth (novelle)|Kenilworth]]'' (1821) * ''[[The Pirate (novelle)|The Pirate]]'' (1822) * ''[[The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' (1822) * ''[[Peveril of the Peak]]'' (1822) * ''[[Quentin Durward]]'' (1823) * ''[[St. Ronan's Well]]'' (1824) * ''[[Redgauntlet]]'' (1824) * ''[[Tales of the Crusaders]]'' (1825) * [[Woodstock (novelle)|''Woodstock'']] (1826) * ''[[Chronicles of the Canongate]], 2nd series, [[The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' (1828) * ''[[Anne of Geierstein]]'' (1829) ==== Tales of My Landlord ==== * ''1st series [[The Black Dwarf]] an [[Old Mortality]]'' (1816) * ''2nd series, [[The Heart of Midlothian]]'' (1818) * ''3rd series, [[The Bride of Lammermoor]] and [[A Legend of Montrose]]'' (1819) * ''4th series, [[Count Robert of Paris]] and [[Castle Dangerous]]'' (1832) ==== Tales from Benedictine Sources ==== * ''[[The Abbot]]'' (1820) * ''[[The Monastery]]'' (1820) === Cutty stories === * ''Chronicles of the Canongate'', 1st series (1827). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''The Highland Widow'', ''The Two Drovers'' and ''The Surgeon's Daughter''. * ''The Keepsake Stories'' (1828). Collection o thrie cutty stories: ''My Aunt Margaret's Mirror'', ''The Tapestried Chamber'' and ''Death Of The Laird's Jock''. === Poems === * ''William and Helen, Two Ballads from the German'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''[[The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border]]'' (1802-1803) * ''[[The Lay of the Last Minstrel]]'' (1805) * ''Ballads and Lyrical Pieces'' (1806) * ''[[Marmion]]'' (1808) * ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'' (1810) * ''The Vision of Don Roderick'' (1811) * ''The Bridal of Triermain'' (1813) * ''Rokeby'' (1813) * ''The Field of Waterloo'' (1815) * ''The Lord of the Isles'' (1815) * ''Harold the Dauntless'' (1817) * ''Young Lochinvar'' * ''[[Bonnie Dundee]]'' (1830) === Ither === * Introductory Essay to ''The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland'' (1814-1817) * ''The Chase'' (owersetter) (1796) * ''Goetz of Berlichingen'' (owersetter) [1799) * ''Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk'' (1816) * ''Provincial Antiquities of Scotland'' (1819-1826) * ''Lives of the Novelists'' (1821-1824) * ''Essays on Chivalry, Romance, and Drama'' Supplement to the 1815–24 edition of the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' * ''Halidon Hill'' (1822) * ''The Letters of Malachi Malagrowther'' (1826) * ''The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte'' (1827) * ''Religious Discourses'' (1828) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 1st series'' (1828) * ''History of Scotland'', 2 vols. (1829-1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 2nd series'' (1829) * ''The Doom of Devorgoil'' (1830) * ''Essays on Ballad Poetry'' (1830) * ''Tales of a Grandfather, 3rd series'' (1830) * ''Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft'' (1831) * ''The Bishop of Tyre'' == Fremmit airtins == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/ Walter Scott Digital Archive] at the [[Varsity o Edinburgh]] leebrar: haes muckle primary material * [http://www.eswsc.com/ The Edinburgh Sir Walter Scott Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206223316/http://www.eswsc.com/ |date=2007-02-06 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18124 Sir Walter Scott], biography by Richard H. Hutton, 1878, frae Project Gutenberg * Varsity of Pennsylvania [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?amode=start&author=Scott%2c%20Walter e-texts o sum o Walter Scott's warks] * [http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html The Keepsake Stories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022232427/http://arthurwendover.com/arthurs/scott/kepsak10.html |date=2007-10-22 }} at Arthur's Classic Novels website. * [http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm My Native Land] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506195412/http://www.reelyredd.com/0107mynativeland.htm |date=2011-05-06 }} audio - Bullwinkle voice impression {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Walter}} [[Category:Walter Scott| ]] [[Category:1771 births]] [[Category:1832 daiths]] [[Category:18t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:19t-century antiquarians]] [[Category:19t-century biografers]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish juidges]] [[Category:19t-century Scots lawers]] [[Category:19t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:19t-century Scots poets]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Breetish leeterar eeditors]] [[Category:Breetish medievalists]] [[Category:Clan Scott]] [[Category:Elders o the Kirk o Scotland]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Historians o Scotland]] [[Category:Members o The Club]] [[Category:Members o the Faculty o Advocates]] [[Category:Members o the Ryal Company o Airchers]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kelso High School, Scotland]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the Royal High School, Edinburgh]] [[Category:Writers frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment]] [[Category:Preses o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Principal Clarks o Session an Juisteeciar]] [[Category:Romantic poets]] [[Category:Scott faimily o Abbotsford]] [[Category:Scots biografers]] [[Category:Scots diarists]] [[Category:Scots fowklairists]] [[Category:Scots Freemasons]] [[Category:Scots historical novelists]] [[Category:Scots leeterary creetics]] [[Category:Scots shirras]] [[Category:Scots fowk wi disabeelities]] [[Category:Scots publishers (fowk)]] [[Category:Scots sang collectors]] [[Category:Scots translators]] [[Category:Writers o Arthurian leeteratur]] [[Category:Writers o historical feection set in the Middle Ages]] [[Category:Writers o historical novelles set in Early Modren period]] [[Category:19t-century Breetish ceevil servants]] [[Category:19t-century Scots historians]] [[Category:Scots fowk-sang collectors]] e6teo5km5tqpqae9t59nwh895xgjsc5 0 10555 918965 813921 2026-07-04T16:14:00Z Jahoda333 133824 918965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James Watt - Statue - Birmingham - 2005-10-13.jpg|thumb|right|James Watt]] '''James Watt''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FRSE}} (30 January 1736 <small>(19 Januar 1736 [[Auld Style an New Style dates|OS]])</small> – 25 August 1819)<ref name="deathdate">Awtho a nummer o itherwise reputable soorces gie his date o death as 19 August 1819, aw contemporar accoonts report him deein on 25 August an bein buiried on 2 September. The date 19 August oreeginates frae the biografie ''The Life of James Watt'' (1858, p. 521) bi [[James Patrick Muirhead]]. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy frae the fact that Muirhead wis a neffae o Watt an tharefore shoud hae been weel-informed. In the Muirhead papers, 25 August date is mentioned ensewhaur. The latter date is an aw gien in contemporar newspaper reports (for example, page 3 o ''[[The Times]]'' o 28 August) as weel as bi an abstract o an codicil tae Watt's last will. (In the pertinent buirial register o St. Mary's Kirk (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date o daith is nae mentioned.)</ref> was an [[Scots fowk|Scots]] [[invention|inventor]], mechanical ingineer, an [[chemist]] that improved an [[Thomas Newcomen]]'s 1712 [[Newcomen steam ingine]] with his [[Watt steam ingine]] in 1781, that was fundamental tae the whore cheenges brocht bi the [[Industrial Revolution]] in baith his native Great Breetain an the rest o the warld. While wirkin as an instrument makker at the [[Varsity o Glesga]], Watt becam interestit in the technology o [[steam ingine]]s. He realised that contemporary ingine fucking liberals designs wastit a great deal o energy bi repeatitly cuilin an reheatin the [[cylinder (ingine)|cylinder]]. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, that avoidit this waste o energy a radically impruived the pouer, efficiency, a cost-effectiveness o steam ingines. Eventually he [[rotative beam ingine|adaptit his ingine]] tae produce rotary motion, greatly braidenin its uise beyond a men has to smoke Marlboro red pumpin watter. Watt attemptit tae commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties till he entered a pairtnership wi [[Matthew Boulton]] in 1775. The new firm o [[Boulton and Watt]] wis eventually heichly successfu an Watt becam a walthy man. In his reteerment, Watt conteena'd tae develop new inventions tho nane wis as signeeficant as his steam ingine wark. He dee'd in 1819 agit 83. He developit the concept o [[horsepouer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html|title=Biography of James Watt|last=Lira|first=Carl|year=2001|publisher=egr.msu.edu|accessdate=5 July 2010}}</ref> an the [[SI]] unit o pouer, the watt, wis named efter him. he ad a statue o imself ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Watt, James}} [[Category:James Watt| ]] [[Category:Scots inventors]] [[Category:Steam ingine ingineers]] [[Category:1736 births]] [[Category:1819 daiths]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Glesga]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Industrial Revolution in Ingland]] [[Category:Industrial Revolution in Scotland]] [[Category:Members o the Lunar Society o Birmingham]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi Heriot-Watt Varsity]] [[Category:Fowk frae Greenock]] [[Category:Fowk o the Industrial Revolution]] [[Category:Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi energy]] [[Category:Scots business theorists]] [[Category:Scots businessfowk]] [[Category:Scots chemists]] [[Category:Scots deists]] [[Category:Scots ingineers]] [[Category:Scots mechanical ingineers]] [[Category:Scots Presbyterians]] [[Category:Scots surveyors]] [[Category:18t-century Breetish ingineers]] [[Category:18t-century Breetish scientists]] [[Category:18t-century Scots fowk]] {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Science}} ay5y74chckjbv6mne6h8zbgzl777azp 918978 918965 2026-07-04T16:27:44Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 813921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James Watt - Statue - Birmingham - 2005-10-13.jpg|thumb|right|James Watt]] '''James Watt''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FRSE}} (30 Januar 1736 <small>(19 Januar 1736 [[Auld Style an New Style dates|OS]])</small> – 25 August 1819)<ref name=deathdate>Awtho a nummer o itherwise reputable soorces gie his date o death as 19 August 1819, aw contemporar accoonts report him deein on 25 August an bein buiried on 2 September. The date 19 August oreeginates frae the biografie ''The Life of James Watt'' (1858, p. 521) bi [[James Patrick Muirhead]]. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy frae the fact that Muirhead wis a neffae o Watt an tharefore shoud hae been weel-informed. In the Muirhead papers, 25 August date is mentioned ensewhaur. The latter date is an aw gien in contemporar newspaper reports (for example, page 3 o ''[[The Times]]'' o 28 August) as weel as bi an abstract o an codicil tae Watt's last will. (In the pertinent buirial register o St. Mary's Kirk (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date o daith is nae mentioned.)</ref> wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots]] [[invention|inventor]], mechanical ingineer, an [[chemist]] that improved on [[Thomas Newcomen]]'s 1712 [[Newcomen steam ingine]] wi his [[Watt steam ingine]] in 1781, that wis fundamental tae the cheenges brocht bi the [[Industrial Revolution]] in baith his native Great Breetain an the rest o the warld. While wirkin as an instrument makker at the [[Varsity o Glesga]], Watt becam interestit in the technology o [[steam ingine]]s. He realised that contemporary ingine designs wastit a great deal o energy bi repeatitly cuilin an reheatin the [[cylinder (ingine)|cylinder]]. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, that avoidit this waste o energy an radically impruived the pouer, efficiency, an cost-effectiveness o steam ingines. Eventually he [[rotative beam ingine|adaptit his ingine]] tae produce rotary motion, greatly braidenin its uise beyond pumpin watter. Watt attemptit tae commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties till he entered a pairtnership wi [[Matthew Boulton]] in 1775. The new firm o [[Boulton and Watt]] wis eventually heichly successfu an Watt becam a walthy man. In his reteerment, Watt conteena'd tae develop new inventions tho nane wis as signeeficant as his steam ingine wark. He dee'd in 1819 agit 83. He developit the concept o [[horsepouer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html|title=Biography of James Watt|last=Lira|first=Carl|year=2001|publisher=egr.msu.edu|accessdate=5 July 2010}}</ref> an the [[SI]] unit o pouer, the watt, wis named efter him. he ad a statue o imself ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Watt, James}} [[Category:James Watt| ]] [[Category:Scots inventors]] [[Category:Steam ingine ingineers]] [[Category:1736 births]] [[Category:1819 daiths]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Glesga]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Industrial Revolution in Ingland]] [[Category:Industrial Revolution in Scotland]] [[Category:Members o the Lunar Society o Birmingham]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi Heriot-Watt Varsity]] [[Category:Fowk frae Greenock]] [[Category:Fowk o the Industrial Revolution]] [[Category:Fowk o the Scots Enlichtment]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi energy]] [[Category:Scots business theorists]] [[Category:Scots businessfowk]] [[Category:Scots chemists]] [[Category:Scots deists]] [[Category:Scots ingineers]] [[Category:Scots mechanical ingineers]] [[Category:Scots Presbyterians]] [[Category:Scots surveyors]] [[Category:18t-century Breetish ingineers]] [[Category:18t-century Breetish scientists]] [[Category:18t-century Scots fowk]] {{Stub/Scotland}} {{Stub/Science}} 3k0300f4gy80uausjdkq3gj149xvouu 0 10930 919034 876335 2026-07-05T04:04:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Thailand | native_name = {{lang|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}<br/>''Ratcha Anachak Thai'' | common_name = Thailand | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Thailand.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = <br/>{{small|(unofficial)}} {{native phrase|th|{{big|ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์}}|italics=off}}<br/>''Chat, Satsana, Phra Maha Kasat''<br/>{{small|"Naition, Releegions, Keeng"}} | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br/>''Thai Naitional Anthem (instrumental)''<br/><center>[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br/>''Thai Ryal Anthem (instrumental)''<br/><center>[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | image_map = Thailand (orthographic projection).svg | capital = [[Bangkok]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Thai leid|Thai]]<ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000203/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=2010-12-29 }}, CIA World Factbook.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Thai alphabet]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 75–85% [[Thai fowk|Thai]] (incl. [[Central Thai]], [[Isan fowk|Northeastren Thai]],<ref name=McCargoHong >{{citation | last1 = McCargo | first1 = Duncan | last2 = Hongladarom | first2 = Krisadawan | year = 2004 | title = Contesting Isan-ness: Discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand |journal= Asian Ethnicity |volume= 5|series= |issue= 2 |page= 219 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | issn = 1463-1369 | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1463136042000221898#.UyEjBc7iPvc}}</ref> [[Northren Thai fowk|Northren Thai]] an [[Soothren Thailand|Soothren Thai]])<ref>{{citation |author=David Levinson |title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook |publisher=Oryx Pres |year=1998 |page=287|isbn=1573560197}}</ref><ref name=Ethno2013 >{{citation | last1 = Paul | first1 = Lewis M. | last2 = Simons | first2 = Gary F. | last3 = Fennig | first3 = Charles D. | year = 2013 | title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | publisher = SIL International | isbn = 978-1-55671-216-6 | url = http://www.ethnologue.com |quote = }}</ref> | 14% [[Thai Cheenese]]<br/> | 11% Ithers (incl. [[Thai Malays|Malay]], [[Northren Khmer fowk|Khmer]], "[[Hill tribe (Thailand)|Hill tribes]]") }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2009<ref name="West794">{{citation |author=Barbara A. West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794|isbn=1438119135}}</ref> | demonym = [[Demographics o Thailand|Thai]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o Thailand|Keeng]] | leader_name1 = [[Rama X]] | leader_title2 = {{small|[[Prime Meenister o Thailand|Actin Prime Meenister]]}} | leader_name2 = {{small|[[Prayut Chan-o-cha]]}} | legislature = [[Naitional Assembly o Thailand|Naitional Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Senate o Thailand|Senate]] | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[Hoose o Representatives o Thailand|Hoose o Representatives]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History o Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kinrick]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kinrick]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kinrick]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kinrick]] | established_date4 = 6 Aprile 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution o 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 Juin 1932 | area_rank = 51st | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = {{nowrap|0.4 (2,230 km{{smallsup|2}})}} | population_estimate = 66,720,153<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf ประกาศสานักทะเบียนกลาง กรมการปกครอง เรื่อง จานวนราษฎรทั่วราชอาณาจักร แยกเป็นกรุงเทพมหานครและจังหวัดต่าง ๆ ตามหลักฐานการทะเบียนราษฎร ณ วันที่ 31 ธันวาคม 2553]. Web.archive.org (2011-07-16). Retrieved 20 May 2012.</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 20t | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_census = 65,479,453<ref>{{th icon}} National Statistics Office, [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=2012-07-12 }}. popcensus.nso.go.th.</ref> | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88t | GDP_PPP = $701.554 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2011&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=49&pr1.y=10&c=578&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Thailand |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |accessdate=18 April 2013}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,849<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$424.985 billion<ref name=imf2/>}} | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2013 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,572<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 39.4 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.690 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNDP">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 – Human development statistical annex |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |pages=127–130 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 103rd | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+66]] | itu_prefix = HS, E2 | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.th]] |[[.ไทย]]}} }} [[File:Thailand provinces.png|thumb|Territorial Organization]] '''Thailand''' ({{lang-th|ประเทศไทย}}), umwhile '''Siam''' ({{lang-th|สยาม}}), an offeecially the '''Kinrick o Thailand''', is an independent kintra that lies in the hert o [[Sootheast Asie]]. It is bordered tae the north bi [[Burma]] an [[Laos]], tae the aest bi Laos an [[Cambodie]], tae the sooth bi the [[Gulf o Thailand]] an [[Malaysie]], an tae the wast bi the Andaman Sea an the soothren extremity o Burma. Its maritime boondaries include [[Vietnam]] in the Gulf o Thailand tae the sootheast an [[Indonesie]] an [[Indie]] in the [[Andaman Sea]] tae the soothwast. == Etymology == The kintra's offeecial name wis '''Siam''' ({{lang-th|[[wikt:สยาม|สยาม]]}} {{RTGS|Sayam}}, {{IPA-th|sàjǎːm|IPA}}) until Juin 23, 1939,<ref name="ThaiCSM">[http://www.csmngt.com/thailand_history.htm Thailand (Siam) History], CSMngt-Thai.</ref> when it wis chynged tae Thailand. It wis then renamed Siam frae 1945 tae Mey 11, 1949, efter which it wis again renamed Thailand. An aa spelled ''Sayam'', ''Syâm'' or ''Syâma'', it haes been identified wi the [[Sanskrit]] ''Śyâma'' ([[wikt:श्याम|श्याम]], meanin "daurk" or "brown"). The names [[Shan]] an A-hom seem tae be variants o the same wird, an Śyâma is possibly no its oreegin but a learned an artificial distortion.<ref>{{cite book | last = Eliot | first = Charles | title = The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 (of 3) [EBook #16847] | publisher = Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. | year = 1921 | location = London | pages = Ch. xxxvii 1; citing in turn Footnote 189: The name is foond on [[Champa]]n inscriptions o 1050 A.D. an accordin tae Gerini appears in [[Ptolemy]]'s [[Geographia|Samarade]] = Sâmaraṭṭha. See Gerini, Ptolemy, p. 170. But Samarade is locatit near Bangkok an there can hardly hae been Tais there in Ptolemy's time; and Footnote 190: So too in Central Asia Kustana appears tae be a learned distortion o the name [[Khotan]], made tae give it a meanin in Sanskrit.}}</ref> The wird ''Thai'' ([[wikt:ไทย|ไทย]]) is no, as commonly believed derived frae the wird ''Tai'' ([[wikt:ไท|ไท]]) meanin "freedom" in the [[Thai leid]]; it is, housomeivver, the name o an [[ethnic group]] frae the central plains (the [[Thai fowk]]). A famous Thai scholar argued that Tai (ไท) simply means "fowk" or "human being" syne his investigation shows that in some rural auries the wird "Tai" wis uised instead o the uisual Thai wird "khon" ([[wikt:คน|คน]]) for fowk.<ref>จิตร ภูมิศักดิ์ 1976: "ความเป็นมาของคำสยาม ไทย ลาวและขอม และลักษณะทางสังคม ของชื่อชนชาติ" (Jid Phumisak 1976: "Coming Into Existence for the Siamese Words for Thai, Laotian and Khmer and Societal Characteristics for Nation-names")</ref> The Thai uise the phrase "land o the free" tae express pride in the fact that Thailand is the ae kintra in Sootheast Asie niver colonized bi an ootside pouer. While the Thai fowk will aften refer tae thair kintra uisin the polite form ''Prathet Thai'' (Thai: ประเทศไทย), thay maist commonly uise the mair colloquial wird ''Mueang Thai'' (Thai: เมืองไทย) or simply ''Thai'' (Thai: ไทย); the wird ''mueang'' (Thai: เมือง) meanin naition but maist commonly uised tae refer tae a ceety or toun. ''Ratcha Anachak Thai'' ({{lang-th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย}}) means "Kinrick o Thailand". Etymologically, its components are: ''-Ratcha-'' (frae Sanskrit ''[[raja]]'', meanin "keeng, royal, realm") ; ''-ana-'' (frae [[Pāli language|Pāli]] ''{{unicode|āṇā}}'', "authority, command, pouer", itself frae Sanskrit ''{{unicode|ājñā}}'', same meanin) ''-chak'' (frae Sanskrit ''[[cakra]]'' or ''[[cakraṃ]]'' meanin "wheel", a seembol o pouer an rule). The [[Thai Naitional Anthem]] ({{lang-th|เพลงชาติ}}) refers tae the Thai naition as: prathet-thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย). The first line o the naitional anthem is: ''prathet thai ruam lueat nuea chat chuea thai'' (Thai: ประเทศไทยรวมเลือดเนื้อชาติเชื้อไทย) an wis translatit in 1939 bi Colonel Luang Saranuprabhandi as: “Thailand is the unity o Thai blood an body.” == Administrative divisions == {{Main|Subdiveesions o Thailand|Provinces o Thailand}} Thailand is dividit intae 76<!--not 76, Bangkok is not a province, see next sentence!--> [[Provinces o Thailand|provinces]] (จังหวัด, changwat), which are gathered intae 5 groups o provinces bi location. Thare are an aa 2 special governed [[destricts]]: the caipital [[Bangkok]] (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon) an [[Pattaya]], o which Bangkok is at provincial level an sicweys aften coontit as a 77t province. Each province is dividit intae [[Amphoe|destricts]] an the destricts are further dividit intae [[tambon|sub-destricts]] (tambons). As o 2010 thare are 878 destricts (อำเภอ, amphoe) an the 50 [[destricts o Bangkok]] (เขต, khet). Some pairts o the provinces borderin Bangkok are an aa referred tae as [[Bangkok Metropolitan Aurie|Greater Bangkok]] (ปริมณฑล, pari monthon). Thir provinces include [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]], [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]], [[Samut Prakan Province|Samut Prakan]], [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] an [[Samut Sakhon Province|Samut Sakhon]]. The name o each province's caipital ceety (เมือง, mueang) is the same as that o the province. For example, the caipital o Chiang Mai province (''changwat Chiang Mai'') is ''Mueang Chiang Mai'' or ''Chiang Mai''. The 76 [[Provinces o Thailand|provinces]] are as follaes: [[File:Thailand map CIA.png|right|thumb|Cairt o Thailand]] [[File:Chao Phraya - Wat Arun.JPG|right|thumb|[[Wat Arun]], in [[Bangkok]]]] ==== Central ==== # [[Ang Thong Province|Ang Thong]] # [[Bangkok|Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)]], Special Governed Destrict o # [[Chainat Province|Chai Nat]] # [[Kamphaeng Phet Province|Kamphaeng Phet]] # [[Lopburi Province|Lopburi]] # [[Nakhon Nayok Province|Nakhon Nayok]] # [[Nakhon Pathom Province|Nakhon Pathom]] # [[Nakhon Sawan Province|Nakhon Sawan]] # [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]] # [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]] # [[Phetchabun Province|Phetchabun]] # [[Phichit Province|Phichit]] # [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]] # [[Ayutthaya Province|Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya]] # [[Samut Prakan Province|Samut Prakan]] # [[Samut Sakhon Province|Samut Sakhon]] # [[Samut Songkhram Province|Samut Songkhram]] # [[Saraburi Province|Saraburi]] # [[Sing Buri Province|Sing Buri]] # [[Sukhothai Province|Sukhothai]] # [[Suphanburi Province|Suphan Buri]] # [[Uthai Thani Province|Uthai Thani]] ==== East ==== # [[Chachoengsao Province|Chachoengsao]] # [[Chanthaburi Province|Chanthaburi]] # [[Chonburi Province|Chonburi]] # [[Prachinburi Province|Prachinburi]] # [[Rayong Province|Rayong]] # [[Sa Kaeo Province|Sa Kaeo]] # [[Trat Province|Trat]] ==== North ==== # [[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] # [[Chiang Rai Province|Chiang Rai]] # [[Lampang Province|Lampang]] # [[Lamphun Province|Lamphun]] # [[Mae Hong Son Province|Mae Hong Son]] # [[Nan Province|Nan]] # [[Phayao Province|Phayao]] # [[Phrae Province|Phrae]] # [[Uttaradit Province|Uttaradit]] [[File:Chmwphrasingh0506e.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Wat Phra Sing]], [[Chiang Mai Province]]]] ==== Northeast (Isan) ==== {{Main|Isan}} # [[Amnat Charoen Province|Amnat Charoen]] <!-- Please do not add until it is officially created! # [[Bueng Kan Province|Bueng Kan]] --> # [[Buri Ram Province|Buri Ram]] # [[Chaiyaphum Province|Chaiyaphum]] # [[Kalasin Province|Kalasin]] # [[Khon Kaen Province|Khon Kaen]] # [[Loei Province|Loei]] # [[Maha Sarakham Province|Maha Sarakham]] # [[Mukdahan Province|Mukdahan]] # [[Nakhon Phanom Province|Nakhon Phanom]] # [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] # [[Nongbua Lamphu Province|Nong Bua Lamphu]] # [[Nong Khai Province|Nong Khai]] # [[Roi Et Province|Roi Et]] # [[Sakon Nakhon Province|Sakon Nakhon]] # [[Sisaket Province|Si Sa Ket]] # [[Surin Province|Surin]] # [[Ubon Ratchathani Province|Ubon Ratchathani]] [[File:Phra That Nakhon.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Phra Borommathat [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]] Thailand]] # [[Udon Thani Province|Udon Thani]] # [[Yasothon Province|Yasothon]] ==== Sooth ==== # [[Chumphon Province|Chumphon]] # [[Krabi Province|Krabi]] # [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]] # [[Narathiwat Province|Narathiwat]] # [[Pattani Province|Pattani]] # [[Phang Nga Province|Phang Nga]] # [[Phatthalung Province|Phatthalung]] # [[Phuket Province|Phuket]] # [[Ranong Province|Ranong]] # [[Satun Province|Satun]] # [[Songkhla Province|Songkhla]] # [[Surat Thani Province|Surat Thani]] # [[Trang Province|Trang]] # [[Yala Province|Yala]] ==== Wast ==== # [[Kanchanaburi Province|Kanchanaburi]] # [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] # [[Prachuap Khiri Khan Province|Prachuap Khiri Khan]] # [[Ratchaburi Province|Ratchaburi]] # [[Tak Province|Tak]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; | Lairgest Metropolitan Auries o Thailand |- ! rowspan=11 | [[File:Bangkok nighttime.jpg|border|135px|Bangkok]]<br />[[Bangkok]]<br /> [[File:Pattaya beach from view point.jpg|border|135px|Pattaya]]<br />[[Pattaya|Pattaya Beach]] [[File:NKR AERIAL.jpg|border|135px|Pattaya]]<br />[[Nakhon Ratchasima]] |- ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| [[Leet o ceeties in Thailand|Rank]] ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| [[Leet o metropolitan auries in Thailand bi population|Metropolitan aurie]] ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| [[List o ceeties in Thailand bi population|Population]] ! rowspan=11 | ! rowspan=11 | [[File:Chiangmai view.jpg|border|135px|Chiang Mai]]<br />[[Chiang Mai]] [[File:Hat Yai thwiki.jpg|border|135px|Hatyai]]<br />[[Hatyai]] |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"| 1 | [[Bangkok Metropolitan Aurie|Bangkok]] | 11,971,000 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"| 2 | [[Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Aurie|Pattaya-Chon Buri]] | 1,183,604 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"| 3 | [[Chiang Mai Metropolitan Aurie|Chiang Mai]] | 960,906 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"| 4 | [[Greater Hatyai-Songkhla Metropolitan Aurie|Hat Yai-Songkhla]] | 801,747 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"| 5 | [[Nakhon Ratchasima Metropolitan Aurie|Nakhon Ratchasima]] | 439,546 |} == References == {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == ; Govrenment * [http://www.thaigov.go.th/ Thaigov.go.th] Ryal Govrenment o Thailand * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-t/thailand.html Chief o State an Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073951/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-t/thailand.html |date=2008-12-10 }} * [http://www.mfa.go.th/ Mfa.go.th] Thailand Meenistry o Foreign Affairs * [http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/internetmap.current.iir?Sec=internetmap_current Thailand Internet Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918094705/http://internet.nectec.or.th/webstats/internetmap.current.iir?Sec=internetmap_current |date=2008-09-18 }} Naitional Electronics an Computer Technology Center * [http://webhost.m-culture.go.th/en/ Meenistry o Cultur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811193212/http://webhost.m-culture.go.th/en/ |date=2014-08-11 }} ; General information <!--Wikipedia is ''not'' a weblink directory. Please only add weblinks of top quality here, otherwise please consider using DMOZ (http://dmoz.org) --> * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/thailand.htm Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207001737/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/thailand.htm |date=2009-02-07 }} frae ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Thailand}} * {{wikiatlas|Thailand}} * [http://map.longdo.com/en Longdo Map] On-line Thailand maps in Inglis an Thai * [http://www.thailaws.com/ Thailand Laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212064258/http://www.thailaws.com/ |date=2009-12-12 }} - Thailand acts an legal information, baith in Inglis an Thai leid. ; Traivel * [http://www.tourismthailand.org/ Tourism Authority o Thailand] Offeecial tourism wabsteid * {{Wikivoyage|Thailand}} ; Ither * {{Flickr-inline|Thailand}} * [http://www.commonlanguageproject.net/?page_id=41#Thailand Thailand Country Fact Sheet] frae the Common Language Project <br /> {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Thailand| ]] [[Category:Sootheast Asie kintras]] [[Category:Kintras o the Indie Ocean]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Sooth Cheenae Sea]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Member states o the Association o Sootheast Asian Naitions]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] saudyuddau7bmhbdgdw3fuqcmjq3im8 0 12972 918949 900531 2026-07-04T12:43:17Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Kia Motors Corporation | logo = [[File:KIA logo3.svg|225px]] | type = Public | traded_as = {{Kse|000270}} | genre = | foundation = 11 Nollaig 1944 | founder = | location = [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]] | key_people = Hyoung-Keun (Hank) Lee, [[Chairman|Vice Chairman]] an [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]<br>[[Peter Schreyer]], [[Chief Design Officer]] | area_served = Warldwide | industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]] | products = Automobiles<br>[[Luxury vehicle|Luxury caur]]s<br>[[Commercial vehicle]]s | production = {{increase}} 3,007,976 units (2016)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kianewscenter.com/news/kia-motors-posts-3.2--rise-in-2016-global-sales/s/bbbb5165-5178-4a22-b9ac-fbe29cf2d4f2|title=2016 Sales of Kia Motors|access-date=2018-05-23|archive-date=2019-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607080735/https://www.kianewscenter.com/news/kia-motors-posts-3.2--rise-in-2016-global-sales/s/bbbb5165-5178-4a22-b9ac-fbe29cf2d4f2|url-status=dead}}</ref> | revenue = {{profit}} [[Korean Won|KRW]] 52.713 billion <small>(2016)</small><ref name="report">{{cite web|url= http://pr.kia.com/en/company/ir/financial-information/financial-highlights.do|title= Financial Statements For Kia Motors Corporation (KIMTF)|access-date= 2018-05-23|archive-date= 2018-09-16|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180916193632/http://pr.kia.com/en/company/ir/financial-information/financial-highlights.do|url-status= dead}}</ref> | operating_income = {{profit}} KRW 3.442 billion <small>(2016)</small><ref name="report" /> | net_income = {{profit}} KRW 2.755 billion <small>(2016)</small><ref name="report" /> | assets = {{increase}} KRW 50.889 billion <small>(2016)</small><ref name="report" /> | equity = {{profit}} KRW 26.759 billion <small>(2016)</small><ref name="report" /> | owner = [[Hyundai Motor Company]] (33.99%<ref name="Worldwide.hyundai.com">{{cite web|url=http://worldwide.hyundai.com/wcm/idc/groups/sggeneralcontent/@hmc/documents/sitecontent/mdaw/mdyx/~edisp/hw061087.zip|title=Hyundai Motor Company 2011 annual report|publisher=Worldwide.hyundai.com|accessdate=2012-06-22|archive-date=2013-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722181448/http://worldwide.hyundai.com/wcm/idc/groups/sggeneralcontent/@hmc/documents/sitecontent/mdaw/mdyx/~edisp/hw061087.zip|url-status=dead}}</ref>) | num_employees = 53,255 (as o December 2013)<ref name="employees">{{cite web|title=KIA Motors|publisher=Mergent|accessdate=2014-11-02|date=2013-12-31|url= http://www.mergentonline.com/companydetail.php?compnumber=80884&pagetype=synopsis}}</ref> | parent = [[Hyundai Motor Group]] | subsid = | homepage = [http://kiawiki.com/ www.kiawiki.com/]—Kia Motors Model [http://www.kia.com www.kia.com]—U.S. site [http://www.kia.com.au www.kia.com.au]—Australian site | footnotes = }} {{Contains Korean text|image=}} {{Infobox Korean name | hangul = 기아자동차 | hanja = 起亞自動車 | rr = Gia Jadongcha | mr = Kia Chadongch'a }} '''Kia Motors Company''' is a [[Automotive industry|automobile manufacturer]] based in [[Sooth Korea]], the first company o its kynd tae stairt production. It is currently the seicont lairgest Korean caur maker. The wird Kia derives frae Korean wirds meanin “tae arise tae the warld oot o Asie.” Wi its headquarters in Seoul, the company is pairtly awned bi the [[Hyundai Motor Group]]. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Commonscat|Kia vehicles}}{{Stub/Caur}} [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Sooth Korea]] [[Category:Bus manufacturers]] [[Category:Larrie manufacturers]] [[Category:Hyundai Motor Group]] [[Category:Companies based in Seoul]] [[Category:Companies established in the 1940s]] [[Category:1944 establishments]] [[Category:Companies leetit on the Korea Stock Exchynge]] [[Category:Sooth Korean buists]] [[Category:Caur buists]] [[Category:1940s establishments in Asie]] 6i7p21456prxhgdffc95ri2okmrhb2o 0 14224 918970 911918 2026-07-04T16:23:23Z Jahoda333 133824 918970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra}} [[File:Historical region of Palestine (as defined by Palestinian Nationalism) showing Israel's 1948 and 1967 borders.svg|right|thumb|200px|[[Breetish Mandate o Palestine]] (green) an the borders o the day's [[Israel]], [[Wast Bank]] an [[Gaza Strip]]]] [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|thumb|180px|Banner o Palestine]] [[File:Mill_(British_Mandate_for_Palestine_currency,_1927).jpg|thumb|180px|Cunyie o Breetish Palestine wi the [[Arabic]], [[Inglis]], & [[Ebreu]] leids]] '''Palestine''' (fuck Arabs {{transl|ar|''Filasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Falasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Filisṭīn''}}) is a conventgayional name uised, fuck fucking Arabs, cut them off amang others, tae describe a geographic region atween the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Jordan River]], an sindry adjoinin lands.<ref name=PEF>{{cite web|title=The Palestine Exploration Fund|publisher=The [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]|url=http://www.pef.org.uk/oldsite/Paldef.htm|accessdate=2008-04-04|archive-date=2017-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805180851/http://www.pef.org.uk/oldsite/Paldef.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Oreegin o name == The name "Palestine" is the [[cognate]] o an ancient wird meanin "[[Philistines]]" or "Land o the Philistines".{{sfn|Sharon|1988|p=4}}<ref name=Roomp285>Room, 1997, p. 285.</ref><ref>Greek {{lang|el|Παλαιστινη}} from {{lang|el|Φυλιστινος/Φυλιστιειμ}}, see e.g. [[Josephus]], [[Antiquities of the Jews|''Antiquities'']] I.136; cf. First Book of Moses (Genesis) X.13.</ref> In keepin wi the Greek cultur o the day, it haes an aa been suggestit that it mey an aa be a play on the wird Παλαιστής ''Palaistes'' (Greek for wrestler) an a reference tae Jacob, later cawed Israel, the foonder o the ancient Israeli naition.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jstor.org/pss/1357617?cookieSet=1 |title=JSTOR: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 313 (Feb., 1999), pp. 65-74 |work=jstor.org |accessdate=17 July 2010}}</ref> The earliest kent mention is thocht tae be in [[Ancient Egyp]]tian texFUCK LGBTts o the temple at [[Medinet Habu (temple)|Medinet Habu]] which record a fowk cawed the ''P-r-s-t'' (conventionally ''Peleset'') amang the [[Sea Peoples]] who invadit [[Egypt]] in [[Ramesses III]]'s reign.{{sfn|Fahlbusch|Lochman|Bromiley|Barrett|2005|p=185}} The [[Ebreu]] name ''Peleshet'' ({{lang|he|פלשת}} ''Pəléshseth'')- uisually translatit as ''Philistia'' in Inglis, is uised in the [[Bible]] tae denote the soothren coastal region that wis inhabitit bi the Philistines tae the wast o the BIACHncient [[Kinrick o Judah]].<ref>Lewis, 1993, p. 153.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Palestine| ]] [[Category:Dividit regions]] [[Category:Fertile Crescent]] [[Category:Levant]] [[Category:Regions o Asie]] [[Category:Wastren Asie]] [[Category:Zionism]] kv1ztn3h3sm5k1ndvm0nugw92iad2s8 918973 918970 2026-07-04T16:27:22Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi DrochaidUaine 911918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kintra}} [[File:Historical region of Palestine (as defined by Palestinian Nationalism) showing Israel's 1948 and 1967 borders.svg|right|thumb|200px|[[Breetish Mandate o Palestine]] (green) an the borders o the day's [[Israel]], [[Wast Bank]] an [[Gaza Strip]]]] [[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|thumb|180px|Banner o Palestine]] [[File:Mill_(British_Mandate_for_Palestine_currency,_1927).jpg|thumb|180px|Cunyie o Breetish Palestine wi the [[Arabic]], [[Inglis]], & [[Ebreu]] leids]] '''Palestine''' ({{lang-ar| فلسطين}} {{transl|ar|''Filasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Falasṭīn''}}, {{transl|ar|''Filisṭīn''}}) is a conventional name uised, amang others, tae describe a geographic region atween the [[Mediterranean Sea]] an the [[Jordan River]], an sindry adjoinin lands.<ref name=PEF>{{cite web|title=The Palestine Exploration Fund|publisher=The [[Palestine Exploration Fund]]|url=http://www.pef.org.uk/oldsite/Paldef.htm|accessdate=2008-04-04|archive-date=2017-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805180851/http://www.pef.org.uk/oldsite/Paldef.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Oreegin o name == The name "Palestine" is the [[cognate]] o an ancient wird meanin "[[Philistines]]" or "Land o the Philistines".{{sfn|Sharon|1988|p=4}}<ref name=Roomp285>Room, 1997, p. 285.</ref><ref>Greek {{lang|el|Παλαιστινη}} from {{lang|el|Φυλιστινος/Φυλιστιειμ}}, see e.g. [[Josephus]], [[Antiquities of the Jews|''Antiquities'']] I.136; cf. First Book of Moses (Genesis) X.13.</ref> In keepin wi the Greek cultur o the day, it haes an aa been suggestit that it mey an aa be a play on the wird Παλαιστής ''Palaistes'' (Greek for wrestler) an a reference tae Jacob, later cawed Israel, the foonder o the ancient Israeli naition.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jstor.org/pss/1357617?cookieSet=1 |title=JSTOR: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 313 (Feb., 1999), pp. 65-74 |work=jstor.org |accessdate=17 July 2010}}</ref> The earliest kent mention is thocht tae be in [[Ancient Egyp]]tian texts o the temple at [[Medinet Habu (temple)|Medinet Habu]] which record a fowk cawed the ''P-r-s-t'' (conventionally ''Peleset'') amang the [[Sea Peoples]] who invadit [[Egypt]] in [[Ramesses III]]'s reign.{{sfn|Fahlbusch|Lochman|Bromiley|Barrett|2005|p=185}} The [[Ebreu]] name ''Peleshet'' ({{lang|he|פלשת}} ''Pəléshseth'')- uisually translatit as ''Philistia'' in Inglis, is uised in the [[Bible]] tae denote the soothren coastal region that wis inhabitit bi the Philistines tae the wast o the ancient [[Kinrick o Judah]].<ref>Lewis, 1993, p. 153.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Palestine| ]] [[Category:Dividit regions]] [[Category:Fertile Crescent]] [[Category:Levant]] [[Category:Regions o Asie]] [[Category:Wastren Asie]] [[Category:Zionism]] 4ms7zf40f80rmdoo1xe25fddu6poxrf 0 15459 918998 787954 2026-07-04T16:33:19Z Jahoda333 133824 918998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH El-Mahalla El-Kubra''' ({{lang-ar|المحلة الكبرى ''Al Maḥalla al Kubrā''}}) is a muckle industrial and agricultural city in Egypt. Located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta branch, it is known for its dominant [[textile]] industry. It is the mucklest city of the [[Gharbia Govrenorate]], with a population of approximately 442,000 inhabitants (2001 statistics). El-Mahalla el-Kubra is hame tae the lairgest public sector Egyptian textile company, the [[Misr Spinning and Weaving Company]] ({{lang-ar|شركة مصر للغزل والنسيج}}), employing 27,000. The ceety is an aa famous for its twa [[fitbaa]] teams: [[Ghazl Al-Mehalla]] an [[Baladeyet Al-Mahalla]]. <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Mahalla 2.jpg|thumb|left|300px|]] --> {{Coord|30.967|N|31.167|E|display=title|source:dewiki}} {{Commons|El-Mahalla El-Kubra}} {{EgypLairgestCeeties}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Gharbia Govrenorate]] [[Category:Populatit places in Egyp]] b1meslyiy9d5u88ltnh22o0pad518kr 918999 918998 2026-07-04T16:33:22Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi C1614 787954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''El-Mahalla El-Kubra''' ({{lang-ar|المحلة الكبرى ''Al Maḥalla al Kubrā''}}) is a muckle industrial and agricultural city in Egypt. Located in the middle of the Nile Delta on the western bank of the Damietta branch, it is known for its dominant [[textile]] industry. It is the mucklest city of the [[Gharbia Govrenorate]], with a population of approximately 442,000 inhabitants (2001 statistics). El-Mahalla el-Kubra is hame tae the lairgest public sector Egyptian textile company, the [[Misr Spinning and Weaving Company]] ({{lang-ar|شركة مصر للغزل والنسيج}}), employing 27,000. The ceety is an aa famous for its twa [[fitbaa]] teams: [[Ghazl Al-Mehalla]] an [[Baladeyet Al-Mahalla]]. <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Mahalla 2.jpg|thumb|left|300px|]] --> {{Coord|30.967|N|31.167|E|display=title|source:dewiki}} {{Commons|El-Mahalla El-Kubra}} {{EgypLairgestCeeties}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Gharbia Govrenorate]] [[Category:Populatit places in Egyp]] krscj77mn57xuzic7vyvantic81kesq 0 16595 918975 918936 2026-07-04T16:27:35Z Jahoda333 133824 918975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Linkrot}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Colombo |native_name = '''කොළඹ''' <br> '''கொழும்பு''' | settlement_type = Ceety |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = Clockwise frae tap left: BOC Tower, Colombo Skyline, Colombo Skyline (Gangaramaya Temple), Colombo Skyline (Galle Face), Auld Parliament, Colombo Skyline (Gangaramaya Temple), BOC Tower an [[World Trade Centre (Colombo)|WTC Twin Tower]], Independence Square, [[World Trade Centre (Colombo)|WTC Twin Tower]] |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Sri Lanka |pushpin_map_caption = Map o Sri Lanka showin the location o Colombo. |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = [[Sri Lanka]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Sri Lanka|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wastren Province, Sri Lanka|Wastren Province]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Destricts o Sri Lanka|Destrict]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Colombo Destrict]] |leader_title=Municipal Cooncil |leader_name=[[Colombo Municipal Cooncil]] |leader_title1=Heidquairters |leader_name1=[[Toun Haw (Colombo)|Toun Haw]] |leader_title2=[[Mayor o Colombo|Mayor]] |leader_name2= [[A. J. M. Muzammil]] |language = Sinhala, Tamil, Inglis |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 37.31 |area_total_sq_mi = 14.4 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2011<ref name="census">[http://www.citypopulation.de/SriLanka.html Census July 2011 (via]. Citypopulation.de. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.</ref> |population_total = 752,993 |population_metro = 5.6 million |population_density_km2 = 17344 <!--Don't include commas!--> |timezone = [[Time zone#UTC + 6, F|Sri Lanka Staundart Time Zone]] |utc_offset = +05:30 |coordinates = {{coord|6|56|04|N|79|50|34|E|region:LK|display=inline,title}} |website = [http://www.cmc.lk/ www.cmc.lk] |footnotes = }} '''BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH Colombo''' ({{lang-si|කොළඹ}}, pronooncit {{IPA-si|ˈkoləmbə|}}; {{lang-ta|கொழும்பு}}) is the lairgest ceety an umwhile caipital o [[Sri Lanka]]. It is locatit on the wast coast o the island an adjacent tae [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]], the caipital. Colombo is a busy an vibrant ceety wi a mixture o modren life an colonial biggins an ruins,<ref name="rweb1">{{cite web |last=Jayewarden+-e |first=Mr. |title=How Colombo Derived its Name |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/colombo.html |doi= |accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref> wi a ceety population o 752,993.<ref name="census"/> The Colombo Metropolitan Region, defined bi the destricts o [[Colombo Destrict|Colombo]], [[Gampaha Destrict|Gampaha]] an [[Kalutara Destrict|Kalutara]], haes an estimatit population o 5,648,000, an covers an aurie o 3,694.20&nbsp;km².<ref name="SriStat2007">[http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract_2006/abstract2006/table%202007/CHAP%202/AB2-1a.pdf Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka; Statistical Abstract 2007, Estimated mid year population by district, 2002 - 2006 ('''pdf-file''')] Total population of the three districts of the Colombo Metropolitan Region. Retrieved on 2008-12-31.</ref><ref name="CMRplan">[http://www.buildsrilanka.com/CDP/41_Summary%20of%20the%20CMR%20Structure%20Plan.htm Buildsrilanka.com; Summary of the CMR Structure Plan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503051902/http://www.buildsrilanka.com/CDP/41_Summary%20of%20the%20CMR%20Structure%20Plan.htm |date=2009-05-03 }} Definition and description of the Colombo Metropolitan Region. Retrieved on 2008-12-31.</ref> Due tae its lairge [[Colombo Harbour|harbour]] an its strategic position alang the [[East-Wast]] sea [[trade route]]s, Colombo wis kent tae auncient traders 2,000 years ago. Housomeivver it wis anerlie made the caipital o the island when Sri Lanka wis cedit tae the [[Breetish Empire]] in 1815,<ref name="HoC">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=History of Colombo |url=http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp |format= |doi= |accessdate=2007-03-21 |archive-date=2011-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202185302/http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> an its status as caipital wis retained when the naition became [[Sri Lanka Unthirldom Struggle|independent]] in 1948. In 1978, when admeenistrative functions wur moved tae [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]], Colombo wis designatit as the commercial caipital o Sri Lanka. Like mony ceeties, Colombo's urban aurie extends well ayont the bundaries o a single local authority, encompassin ither [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Municipal]] an Urban Cooncils. The main ceety is hame tae a majority o Sri Lanka's corporate offices, restaurants an entertainment venues.<ref name="we1"/> Famous landmarks in Colombo include the [[Galle Face Green]], the [[Viharamahadevi Pairk]] as well as the Naitional Museum. == Etymology == The name "Colombo", first introducit bi the Portuguese in 1505, is believed tae be derived frae the clessical [[Sinhala leid|Sinhalese]] name කොලොන් තොට ''Kolon thota'', meanin "port on the river [[Kelani River|Kelani]]".<ref name="so1">{{cite news |url=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html |title=Colombo - then and now |work=Padma Edirisinghe |publisher=The Sunday Observer |date=14 February 2004 |access-date=2011-04-06 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171524/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It haes an aw been suggestit that the name mey be derived frae the Sinhalese name කොල-අම්බ-තොට ''Kola-amba-thota'' which means "Harbour wi leafy mango trees".<ref name="we1">''World Executive'' [http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/colombo Colombo Hotels and City Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230235154/http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/colombo/ |date=2008-12-30 }}</ref> Housomeivver, it is an aw possible that the Portuguese named the ceety efter [[Christopher Columbus]], the Italian sailor who lived in Portugal for mony years afore discoverin the Americas on behauf o the Spainyie monarchs [[Ferdinand II o Aragon]] an [[Isabella I o Castile]]. His Portuguese name is Cristóvão Colombo. Colombo set sail wastwards tae leuk for Indie aroond the same time Portuguese sailor [[Vasco da Gama]] set sail eastwards, landin at the Port o [[Calicut]] in Indie on 20 Mey 1498. Colombo landit in the Americas sax years afore that on 12 October 1492 an wis awready a famed sailor an splorer, celebratit baith in Portugal an Spain bi the time Dom [[Lourenço de Almeida]] accidentally landit in the port o [[Galle]] in 1505.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/ceylonP.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-06 |archive-date=2009-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427125617/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/ceylonP.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sister ceeties == {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Kintra ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:140px;"| Ceety ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:150px;"| State / Region ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:40px;"| Syne |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|China}} [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] |! !| [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|25px]] [[Shanghai]] |! !| [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Shanghai|Shanghai Municipality]] |! !| 2003 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Roushie]] |! !| [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Petersburg (2003).svg|25px]] [[Saunt Petersburg]] |! !| [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] [[Northwastern Federal Destrict]] |! !| 1997 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Unitit Kinrick]] |! !| [[Leeds]] |! !| [[File:Flag of England.svg|25px|]] [[Ingland]] |! !| |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Colombo| ]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]] [[Category:Populatit places in Wastren Province, Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Portuguese forts]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceety}} kq62ajt0y2hhx1bk9slbshjoqujsq0v 918981 918975 2026-07-04T16:27:58Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi HyBoxwood 918936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Linkrot}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Colombo |native_name = '''කොළඹ''' <br> '''கொழும்பு''' | settlement_type = Ceety |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = Clockwise frae tap left: BOC Tower, Colombo Skyline, Colombo Skyline (Gangaramaya Temple), Colombo Skyline (Galle Face), Auld Parliament, Colombo Skyline (Gangaramaya Temple), BOC Tower an [[World Trade Centre (Colombo)|WTC Twin Tower]], Independence Square, [[World Trade Centre (Colombo)|WTC Twin Tower]] |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Sri Lanka |pushpin_map_caption = Map o Sri Lanka showin the location o Colombo. |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_name = [[Sri Lanka]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces o Sri Lanka|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wastren Province, Sri Lanka|Wastren Province]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Destricts o Sri Lanka|Destrict]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Colombo Destrict]] |leader_title=Municipal Cooncil |leader_name=[[Colombo Municipal Cooncil]] |leader_title1=Heidquairters |leader_name1=[[Toun Haw (Colombo)|Toun Haw]] |leader_title2=[[Mayor o Colombo|Mayor]] |leader_name2= [[A. J. M. Muzammil]] |language = Sinhala, Tamil, Inglis |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 37.31 |area_total_sq_mi = 14.4 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2011<ref name="census">[http://www.citypopulation.de/SriLanka.html Census July 2011 (via]. Citypopulation.de. Retrieved on 2011-10-17.</ref> |population_total = 752,993 |population_metro = 5.6 million |population_density_km2 = 17344 <!--Don't include commas!--> |timezone = [[Time zone#UTC + 6, F|Sri Lanka Staundart Time Zone]] |utc_offset = +05:30 |coordinates = {{coord|6|56|04|N|79|50|34|E|region:LK|display=inline,title}} |website = [http://www.cmc.lk/ www.cmc.lk] |footnotes = }} '''Colombo''' ({{lang-si|කොළඹ}}, pronooncit {{IPA-si|ˈkoləmbə|}}; {{lang-ta|கொழும்பு}}) is the lairgest ceety an umwhile caipital o [[Sri Lanka]]. It is locatit on the wast coast o the island an adjacent tae [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]], the caipital. Colombo is a busy an vibrant ceety wi a mixture o modren life an colonial biggins an ruins,<ref name="rweb1">{{cite web |last=Jayewarden+-e |first=Mr. |title=How Colombo Derived its Name |url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/colombo.html |doi= |accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref> wi a ceety population o 752,993.<ref name="census"/> The Colombo Metropolitan Region, defined bi the destricts o [[Colombo Destrict|Colombo]], [[Gampaha Destrict|Gampaha]] an [[Kalutara Destrict|Kalutara]], haes an estimatit population o 5,648,000, an covers an aurie o 3,694.20&nbsp;km².<ref name="SriStat2007">[http://www.statistics.gov.lk/Abstract_2006/abstract2006/table%202007/CHAP%202/AB2-1a.pdf Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka; Statistical Abstract 2007, Estimated mid year population by district, 2002 - 2006 ('''pdf-file''')] Total population of the three districts of the Colombo Metropolitan Region. Retrieved on 2008-12-31.</ref><ref name="CMRplan">[http://www.buildsrilanka.com/CDP/41_Summary%20of%20the%20CMR%20Structure%20Plan.htm Buildsrilanka.com; Summary of the CMR Structure Plan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503051902/http://www.buildsrilanka.com/CDP/41_Summary%20of%20the%20CMR%20Structure%20Plan.htm |date=2009-05-03 }} Definition and description of the Colombo Metropolitan Region. Retrieved on 2008-12-31.</ref> Due tae its lairge [[Colombo Harbour|harbour]] an its strategic position alang the [[East-Wast]] sea [[trade route]]s, Colombo wis kent tae auncient traders 2,000 years ago. Housomeivver it wis anerlie made the caipital o the island when Sri Lanka wis cedit tae the [[Breetish Empire]] in 1815,<ref name="HoC">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=History of Colombo |url=http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp |format= |doi= |accessdate=2007-03-21 |archive-date=2011-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202185302/http://www.cmc.lk/History.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> an its status as caipital wis retained when the naition became [[Sri Lanka Unthirldom Struggle|independent]] in 1948. In 1978, when admeenistrative functions wur moved tae [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]], Colombo wis designatit as the commercial caipital o Sri Lanka. Like mony ceeties, Colombo's urban aurie extends well ayont the bundaries o a single local authority, encompassin ither [[Mayor-cooncil govrenment|Municipal]] an Urban Cooncils. The main ceety is hame tae a majority o Sri Lanka's corporate offices, restaurants an entertainment venues.<ref name="we1"/> Famous landmarks in Colombo include the [[Galle Face Green]], the [[Viharamahadevi Pairk]] as well as the Naitional Museum. == Etymology == The name "Colombo", first introducit bi the Portuguese in 1505, is believed tae be derived frae the clessical [[Sinhala leid|Sinhalese]] name කොලොන් තොට ''Kolon thota'', meanin "port on the river [[Kelani River|Kelani]]".<ref name="so1">{{cite news |url=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html |title=Colombo - then and now |work=Padma Edirisinghe |publisher=The Sunday Observer |date=14 February 2004 |access-date=2011-04-06 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171524/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2004/02/15/fea15.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It haes an aw been suggestit that the name mey be derived frae the Sinhalese name කොල-අම්බ-තොට ''Kola-amba-thota'' which means "Harbour wi leafy mango trees".<ref name="we1">''World Executive'' [http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/colombo Colombo Hotels and City Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230235154/http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/colombo/ |date=2008-12-30 }}</ref> Housomeivver, it is an aw possible that the Portuguese named the ceety efter [[Christopher Columbus]], the Italian sailor who lived in Portugal for mony years afore discoverin the Americas on behauf o the Spainyie monarchs [[Ferdinand II o Aragon]] an [[Isabella I o Castile]]. His Portuguese name is Cristóvão Colombo. Colombo set sail wastwards tae leuk for Indie aroond the same time Portuguese sailor [[Vasco da Gama]] set sail eastwards, landin at the Port o [[Calicut]] in Indie on 20 Mey 1498. Colombo landit in the Americas sax years afore that on 12 October 1492 an wis awready a famed sailor an splorer, celebratit baith in Portugal an Spain bi the time Dom [[Lourenço de Almeida]] accidentally landit in the port o [[Galle]] in 1505.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/ceylonP.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-04-06 |archive-date=2009-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427125617/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/ceylonP.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sister ceeties == {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Kintra ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:140px;"| Ceety ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:150px;"| State / Region ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:40px;"| Syne |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|China}} [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] |! !| [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|25px]] [[Shanghai]] |! !| [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Shanghai|Shanghai Municipality]] |! !| 2003 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Roushie]] |! !| [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Petersburg (2003).svg|25px]] [[Saunt Petersburg]] |! !| [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] [[Northwastern Federal Destrict]] |! !| 1997 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Unitit Kinrick]] |! !| [[Leeds]] |! !| [[File:Flag of England.svg|25px|]] [[Ingland]] |! !| |} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Colombo| ]] [[Category:Provincial caipitals in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]] [[Category:Populatit places in Wastren Province, Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Portuguese forts]] {{Stub/Asie}} {{Stub/Ceety}} ole1ju4lqen4ae8o2oj3nrim9rlpwna 0 19159 919013 911683 2026-07-04T17:45:44Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |en_name=Nizhny Novgorod |ru_name=Нижний Новгород |image_skyline=Nizhny Novgorod Montage 2022.png |image_caption=View o Nizhny Novgorod |map_label_position=right |coordinates = {{coord|56|20|N|44|00|E|display=inline,title}} |lats |longs |image_flag=Flag of Nizhny Novgorod.svg{{!}}border |flag_caption=Flag o Nizhny Novgorod |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Nizhny Novgorod.svg |coa_caption=Coat o airms o Nizhny Novgorod |anthem<!--none as of September 2009--> |anthem_ref |holiday=Seicont Sunday o September |holiday_ref=<ref name="Holiday">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;2.2</ref> <!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS----> |federal_subject=[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] |federal_subject_ref=<ref name="AdmList">Order #1-od, Article&nbsp;3.2</ref> |adm_data_as_of=Julie 2009 |adm_ctr_of=[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] |adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="AdmList" /> |inhabloc_cat=Ceety |inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="AdmList" /> |inhabloc_type=Ceety o oblast significance |inhabloc_type_ref=<ref name="AdmList" /> <!----MUNICIPAL STATUS----> |mun_data_as_of=September 2009 |urban_okrug_jur=Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="MunList">Resolution #670, Urban Okrugs, Item&nbsp;1</ref> |leader_title=Head |leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadTitle">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;26.1.2</ref> |leader_name=Oleg Sorokin |leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of Nizhny Novgorod. [http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/script/phones1.php?id2=513 Vadim Yevgenyevich Bulavinov, Head of the Administration of Nizhny Novgorod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216181301/http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/script/phones1.php?id2=513 |date=2012-02-16 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |representative_body=[[Ceety Duma o Nizhny Novgorod|Ceety Duma]] |representative_body_ref=<ref name="Legis">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;26.1.1</ref> <!----STATISTICS----> |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2=410.68 |area_km2_ref=<ref name="AboutCity">Offeecial wabsteid o Nizhny Novgorod. [http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/references/nn.html Owerview o the ceety] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501084343/http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/references/nn.html |date=2017-05-01 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |pop_2010census=1250615 |pop_2010census_rank=5t |pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census_prelim}}</ref> |pop_2002census=1311252 |pop_2002census_rank=4t |pop_2002census_ref=<ref name="PopCensus">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= <!----HISTORY----> |established_date=1221 |established_date_ref=<ref name="Charter1_2">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;1.2</ref> |current_cat_date=1221 |current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="AboutCity" /> |prev_name1=Nizhny Novgorod |prev_name1_date=September 1932 |prev_name1_ref=<ref name="Charter1_2" /> |prev_name2=Gorky |prev_name2_date=22 October 1990 |prev_name2_ref=<ref name="PrevName2">Decree of October 22, 1990, Article&nbsp;1</ref> <!----MISCELLANEA----> |postal_codes=in the 603000–603999 range |postal_codes_ref=<ref name="PostCode">[[Russian Post]]. [http://info.russianpost.ru/servlet/department Postal Code Search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925092503/http://info.russianpost.ru/servlet/department/ |date=2009-09-25 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |dialing_codes=831 |dialing_codes_ref=<ref name="AboutCity" /> |website=http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/ |website_ref |date=September 2009 }} '''Nizhny Novgorod''' ({{lang-rus|Нижний Новгород|a=|p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət}}), colloquially shortened tae '''Nizhny''', is, wi the population o 1,250,600, the fift lairgest [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in [[Roushie]], rankin efter [[Moscow]], [[Saunt Petersburg|St.&nbsp;Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], an [[Yekaterinburg]].<ref name="2010Census" /> It is the economic an cultural centre o the vast [[Volga-Vyatka economic region]], an the admeenistrative centre o [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] an [[Volga Federal Destrict]] an aw. Frae 1932 tae 1990, the ceety wis kent as '''Gorky''' ({{lang|ru|Го́рький}}, {{IPA-ru|ˈɡorʲkʲɪj|IPA}}),<ref name="PrevName2" /> efter the writer [[Maxim Gorky]] who wis born thare. The ceety is an important economic, transport an cultural centre o the Roushie Federation. ==Admeenistrative an municipal status== Nizhny Novgorod is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[oblast]].<ref name="Ref818">Law #184-Z</ref> Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], it is, thegither wi ane [[urban-teep dounset|resort dounset]] an twal [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|rural localities]], incorporatit as the '''[[ceety o federal subject significance|ceety o oblast significance]] o Nizhny Novgorod'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|destricts]].<ref name="Ref818" /> As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the ceety o oblast significance o Nizhny Novgorod is incorporatit as '''Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref825">Law #205-Z</ref> ==Ceety layoot an diveesions== [[File:NN BolPokrovskaya Street 08-2016 img2.jpg|thumb|State Bank o Nizhny Novgorod biggit in 1913]] Nizhny Novgorod is dividit bi the [[Oka River]] intae twa distinct pairts. The Upper Ceety ({{lang-ru|Нагорная часть}}, ''Nagornaya chast'') is locatit on the hilly eastren (richt) bank o the Oka. It includes three o the aicht ceety destricts intae which the ceety is admeenistratively dividit: *[[Nizhegorodsky Ceety District, Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhegorodsky]] (the historical an admeenistrative centre o the ceety); *[[Prioksky Ceety Destrict|Prioksky]]; *[[Sovetsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Sovetsky]]. The Lawer Ceety ({{lang-ru|Заречная часть}}, ''Zarechnaya chast'') occupees the law (wastren) side o the Oka, an includes five ceety destricts: *[[Kanavinsky Ceety Destrict|Kanavinsky]] (the steid o the [[Nizhny Novgorod Fair]] an the location o the main train station); *[[Moskovsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Moskovsky]] (hame o the Sokol Aircraft Plant an [[Sormovo (airfield)|its airfield]]); *[[Sormovsky Ceety Destrict|Sormovsky]] (whaur [[Krasnoye Sormovo]] an the [[Volga Shipyard]] are locatit); *[[Avtozavodsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Avtozavodsky]] (biggit aroond the [[GAZ]] automotive plants); *[[Leninsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Leninsky]]. Aw o the day's lawer ceety wis annexed bi Nizhny Novgorod in 1929–1931. ==Demografics== *Population (Jan 2009): 1,272,599 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nta-nn.ru/news/item/?ID=148716 |title=НТА-Приволжье :: В Н.Новгороде в 2008 году уровень смертности превысил рождаемость в 1,6 раза – Нижегородстат |language={{ru icon}} |publisher=Nta-nn.ru |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01 |archive-date=2011-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003224300/http://www.nta-nn.ru/news/item/?ID=148716 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *Births (2008): 12,969 *Daiths (2008): 20,757 ==Climate== The [[climate]] in the region is continental, specifically [[humid continental]] (''Dfb'') an it is seemilar tae the [[climate o Moscow|climate in Moscow]], awtho caulder in winter, which lasts frae late November till late Mairch wi a permanent snaw kiver. Average temperaturs ranges frae {{convert|+19|C}} in Julie tae {{convert|-9|C}} in Januar. {{-}}{{Weather box |location=Nizhny Novgorod |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 5.5 |Feb record high C = 7.0 |Mar record high C = 17.3 |Apr record high C = 26.3 |May record high C = 32.5 |Jun record high C = 36.3 |Jul record high C = 38.3 |Aug record high C = 38.0 |Sep record high C = 31.0 |Oct record high C = 24.2 |Nov record high C = 13.2 |Dec record high C = 8.5 |year record high C = 38.3 |Jan high C = -5.9 |Feb high C = -5.3 |Mar high C = 1.2 |Apr high C = 10.9 |May high C = 18.7 |Jun high C = 22.6 |Jul high C = 24.7 |Aug high C = 22.1 |Sep high C = 15.7 |Oct high C = 8.0 |Nov high C = -0.5 |Dec high C = -4.6 |year high C = 9.0 |Jan mean C = -8.9 |Feb mean C = -8.7 |Mar mean C = -2.6 |Apr mean C = 6.1 |May mean C = 12.9 |Jun mean C = 17.2 |Jul mean C = 19.4 |Aug mean C = 16.9 |Sep mean C = 11.1 |Oct mean C = 4.7 |Nov mean C = -2.8 |Dec mean C = -7.4 |year mean C = 4.8 |Jan low C = -11.6 |Feb low C = -11.7 |Mar low C = -5.8 |Apr low C = 2.1 |May low C = 7.9 |Jun low C = 12.6 |Jul low C = 14.8 |Aug low C = 12.6 |Sep low C = 7.6 |Oct low C = 2.1 |Nov low C = -4.8 |Dec low C = -9.9 |year low C = 1.3 |Jan record low C = -41.2 |Feb record low C = -37.2 |Mar record low C = -28.3 |Apr record low C = -19.7 |May record low C = -6.9 |Jun record low C = -1.8 |Jul record low C = 5.1 |Aug record low C = 0.9 |Sep record low C = -5.4 |Oct record low C = -16.0 |Nov record low C = -29.4 |Dec record low C = -41.4 |year record low C = -41.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 47 |Feb precipitation mm = 38 |Mar precipitation mm = 37 |Apr precipitation mm = 36 |May precipitation mm = 46 |Jun precipitation mm = 76 |Jul precipitation mm = 73 |Aug precipitation mm = 69 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 64 |Nov precipitation mm = 55 |Dec precipitation mm = 55 |year precipitation mm = 657 |Jan humidity= 85 |Feb humidity= 81 |Mar humidity= 75 |Apr humidity= 65 |May humidity= 62 |Jun humidity= 70 |Jul humidity= 71 |Aug humidity= 75 |Sep humidity= 79 |Oct humidity= 82 |Nov humidity= 86 |Dec humidity= 85 |year humidity= 76 |Jan rain days = 4 |Feb rain days = 3 |Mar rain days = 5 |Apr rain days = 12 |May rain days = 15 |Jun rain days = 18 |Jul rain days = 16 |Aug rain days = 16 |Sep rain days = 17 |Oct rain days = 17 |Nov rain days = 10 |Dec rain days = 6 |year rain days = 139 |Jan snow days = 27 |Feb snow days = 22 |Mar snow days = 16 |Apr snow days = 6 |May snow days = 1 |Jun snow days = 0.1 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0.4 |Oct snow days = 7 |Nov snow days = 18 |Dec snow days = 25 |year snow days = 123 |Jan sun = 40.0 |Feb sun = 77.1 |Mar sun = 146.1 |Apr sun = 203.8 |May sun = 278.3 |Jun sun = 289.6 |Jul sun = 290.1 |Aug sun = 239.4 |Sep sun = 152.2 |Oct sun = 81.3 |Nov sun = 38.5 |Dec sun = 24.4 |year sun = 1860.9 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{Cite web | url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm | title = Pogoda.ru.net | accessdate = December 13, 2012 | publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) | language = Russian | archive-date = 2011-10-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111001224200/http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> |source 2 = Weatherbase (sun only)<ref name=weatherbase>{{cite web |url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592153&refer=&cityname=Nizhniy-Novgorod-Nizhny-Novgorod-Russia&units= |title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Nizhny-Novgorod, Russia |publisher = Weatherbase |accessdate = December 13, 2012 |archive-date = 2013-09-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928055527/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592153&refer=&cityname=Nizhniy-Novgorod-Nizhny-Novgorod-Russia&units= |url-status = dead }}</ref> |date = August 2010}} ==Economy== ===Information technologie=== Nizhny Novgorod is ane o the centres o the IT Industry in Roushie. It ranks amang the leadin Roushie ceeties in terms o the quantity o software [[R&D]] providers. [[Intel]] haes a big software R&D centre wi mair nor 500 ingineers in the ceety, as well as a major datacentre. In Nizhny Novgorod thare is a nummer o [[affshore ootsourcin]] [[software]] developers an aw, includin [http://www.itseez.com/ Itseez], [http://www.tecomgroup.ru/ Tecom], [http://www.luximax.com/ Luximax Systems Ltd.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126081403/http://www.luximax.com/ |date=2011-11-26 }}, [[MERA Networks]], RealEast Networks, [[Auriga (company)|Auriga]], [http://www.swdrom.com/ SoftDrom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127182318/http://www.swdrom.com/ |date=2013-01-27 }}, an [http://www.telma.ru/ Teleca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210142148/http://telma.ru/ |date=2013-02-10 }}, an mony ither smawer anes that specialise in deliverin services tae telecommunication vendors. Thare are twinty-five scienteefic R&D institutions focusin on telecommunications, radio technologie, theoretical an appleed pheesics, an thirty-three heicher educational institutions, amang them are [[NNSMA|Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy]], [[Nizhny Novgorod State University]], [[NNTU|Nizhny Novgorod Technical University]], as well as [[Nizhny Novgorod Institute o Information Technologies]] (umwhile [[MERA Networks]] trainin centre), that focuses on information technologies, software development, seestem admeenistration, telecommunications, cellular netwirks, Internet technologies, an IT management. Nizhny Novgorod haes been chosen as ane o fower steids for biggin an IT-orientit technologie pairk—a special zone that haes an established infrastructur an enjoys a favorable tax an customs policy. ===Ingineerin industrie=== The ingineerin industrie is the leadin industrie o Nizhny Novgorod economy. It is mainly orientit towards transportation, i.e., the auto industrie, shipbiggin, diesel iengines, aircraft manufactur, an machine tuils, wi the auto industrie bein the leadin sector (50%). Lairgest plants include: *[[Jynt-stock company|JSC]] "[[GAZ|Gorky Automobile Plant]]" - personal caurs, larries, armored personnel carriers, an ither autos; *JSC "[[Krasnoye Sormovo]]" - river an sea ships, submarines; *JSC "[[Sokol design bureau|Sokol]]" - airplanes, jets; *JSC "[[Hydromash]]"- hydraulic actuators, landin gears *JSC "Nitel" - TV sets; *JSC "RUMO" - diesel generators; *JSC "Krasny yakor" - anchor chains; ==Transportation== [[File:NN-Bor Volga Cableway 08-2016 img10.jpg|thumb|Nizhny Novgorod Cableway]] [[File:Nizhny Novgorod Metro Bridge.jpg|thumb|Metro brig]] [[File:NN Volga Terminal 08-2016.jpg|thumb|Riverside terminal]] ===Railwey=== The Gorkovskaya Railroad, a [[Russian Railways]] depairtment which operates some {{convert|5700|km|sp=us}} o rail lines throuout the Middle Volga region an {{convert|1200|km|sp=us}} in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, is heidquairtered in Nizhny Novgorod. Syne 1862, thare is an railwey connection atween Nizhny Novgorod an Moscow.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |title={{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |date=2012-06-20 }} Train Station in Nizhny Novgorod {{ru icon}} |access-date=2013-01-10 |archive-date=2012-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |date=2012-06-20 }} Train Station in Nizhny Novgorod {{ru icon}}]</ref> Owernicht trains provide access tae Nizhny Novgorod frae [[Moscow]], [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Yaroslavl]] an ithers. Syne Dizember 2002, a fast [[train]] transports passengers atween Nizhny Novgorod an Moscow in less nor five oors. Ane can continue frae Nizhny Novgorod eastwaird alang the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], wi direct trains tae major ceeties in the [[Urals]] an [[Siberie]], as well as tae [[Beijing]], [[Pyongyang]], an [[Ulan-Bator]]. The first [[heich-speed rail]] [[Sapsan|''Sapsan'' train]] tae Moscow] ([[Kursky Rail Terminal]]) an Saunt Petersburg ([[Moskovsky Rail Terminal (Saunt Petersburg)|Moskovsky Rail Terminal]]) wis launched on 30 Julie 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920|title=Russian Railways Sapsan to Nizhny Novgorod press release|access-date=2013-01-10|archive-date=2010-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624021505/http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920|url-status=dead}}</ref> Suburban [[commuter train]]s (''[[elektrichka]]'') connect Nizhny Novgorod wi [[Vladimir]], [[Dzerzhinsk, Roushie|Dzerzhinsk]], [[Murom]], [[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Arzamas]], [[Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Zavolzhye]], [[Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Balakhna]], an ithers. ===Airport=== The [[Nizhny Novgorod Internaitional Airport]] haes direct flichts tae major Roushie ceeties, as well as tae [[Frankfurt]] (five flichts a week bi [[Lufthansa]]), Dubai, Prague. The [[Sormovo (airfield)|air base Sormovo]] wis an important militar airlift facility, an [[Pravdinsk (air base)|Pravdinsk air base]] wis an [[interceptor aircraft]] base durin the [[Cauld War]]. [[S7 Airlines]], [[UTair Aviation]] goes tae Moscow's [[Domodedovo Internaitional Airport|Domodedovo]] an [[Vnukovo Internaitional Airport|Vnukovo Airports]] daily. ===Waterweys=== Nizhny Novgorod is an important centre o [[Volga]] cargo an passenger shippin. In the simmer, cruise vessels operate atween Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Saunt Petersburg, an [[Astrakhan]]. In 2006 a sma nummer o [[Meteor (hydrofoil)|Meteor-class]] [[hydrofoils]] resumit operations on the Volga river. ===Heich-gates=== The ceety is servit bi [[M7 motorwa (Roushie)|Roushie heich-gate M-7]] (Moscow&nbsp;– Nizhny Novgorod&nbsp;– [[Kazan]]&nbsp;– [[Ufa]]), an is a hub o the regional heich-gate netwirk. ===Public transportation=== Public transportation athin the ceety is providit bi a sma subwey seestem ([[Nizhny Novgorod Metro]]), [[tram]]ways, ''[[marshrutka]]s'' (routit taxis), buses, an [[trolleybus]]es. Electric an diesel commuter trains run tae suburbs in several directions. Free shuttle buses run frae several pynts in the ceety tae the [[MEGA Family Shopping Centre|MEGA]] shoppin complex, which opened in October 2006 in [[Fedyakovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Fedyakovo]], a few kilometres tae the east o the Nizhny Novgorod ceety line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.megamall.ru/mega5/en/guide/route/ |title=How to get to MEGA |access-date=2013-01-10 |archive-date=2007-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212151909/http://www.megamall.ru/mega5/en/guide/route/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Aerial tramway=== The [[Nizhny Novgorod Volga Aerial Tramway]] frae Nizhny Novgorod tae [[Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Bor]] athort Volga river, wis opened in 2012. ==Main sichts== Hintle o the ceety dountoun is biggit in the [[Roushie Revival]] an [[Stalin Empire style]]s. The dominatin featur o the ceety skyline is the grand [[Kremlin]] (1500–1511), wi its reid-brick touers. Efter Bolshevik devastation, the anerlie auncient edifice left athin the kremlin waws is the tent-lik Archangel Cathedral (1624–31), first biggit in stane in the 13t century. ===Cultural featurs=== [[File:Nizhny Novgorod Planetarium and Circus 07-2019.jpg|thumb|Planetarium an circus]] Thare are mair nor sax hunder unique historic, airchitectural, an cultural monuments in the ceety. Thare are aboot twa hunder municipal an regional airt an cultural institutions athin Nizhny Novgorod. Amang thir institutions thare are aicht theatres, five concert haws, ninety-seiven libraries (wi branches), seiventeen movie theatres (includin five movie theatres for childer), twinty-five institutions o childer optional eddication, aicht museums (saxteen includin branches), an seiven pairks. ===Nizhny Novgorod airt gallery=== The [[airt gallery]] in Nizhny Novgorod is a lairge an important airt gallery an [[museum]]s o human [[history]] an [[cultur]]. Nizhny Novgorod haes a great an extraordinary airt gallery wi mair nor 12,000 exhibits, an enormous collection o wirks bi Roushie airtists sic as [[Viktor Vasnetsov]], [[Karl Briullov]], [[Ivan Shishkin]], [[Ivan Kramskoi]], [[Ilya Yefimovich Repin]], [[Isaak Iljitsch Lewitan]], [[Vasily Surikov]], [[Ivan Aivazovsky]], thare are greater collections o wirks bi [[Boris Kustodiev]] an [[Nicholas Roerich]] an aw, no anerlie Roushie airt is pairt o the exhibition it include an aw a vast accumulation o [[Wastren Europe]]an airt lik wirks bi [[David Teniers the Younger]], [[Bernardo Bellotto]], [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], [[Pieter de Grebber]], [[Giuseppe Maria Crespi]], [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], an lot mair. Feenally what maks this gallery extremely important is the amazin collection [[Russian avant-garde]] wi wirks bi [[Kazimir Malevich]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Natalia Goncharova]], [[Mikhail Larionov]] an sae on. Thare is collection o [[East Asie]] airt an aw. ===Hooses o wirship=== [[File:Pechersky Ascension Monastery.jpg|thumb|Pechersky Ascension Monastery]] [[File:NN AlexanderNevsky Cathedral 08-2016.jpg|thumb|New Fair Cathedral (Alexander Nevsky Cathedral)]] [[File:NN Old Fair Cathedral 08-2016 img2.jpg|thumb|Savior (Auld Fair) Cathedral]] Ither notable laundmerks are the twa great medieval [[abbey]]s. The [[Pechersky Ascension Monastery]] featurs the austere five-domit cathedral (1632) an twa rare kirks surmoontit bi tent ruifs, datin frae the 1640s. The Annunciation monastery, likwise surroondit bi strang waws, haes anither five-domit cathedral (1649) an the Assumption kirk (1678). The anerlie private hoose preservit frae that epoch umwhile belangit tae the merchant Pushnikov. Thare can be little dout that the maist oreeginal an delichtful kirks in the ceety wur biggit bi the [[Stroganovs]] in the nascent [[Naryshkin Baroque|Baroque style]]. O thir, the [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=00892 Virgin's Nativity Kirk] (1719) graces ane o the central streets, whareas the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5119 Kirk o Oor Lady o Smolensk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024649/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5119 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1694–97) survives in the umwhile veelage o Gordeyevka (nou, pairt o the ceety's [[Kanavinsky Ceety Destrict|Kanavinsky Destrict]]), whaur the Stroganov palace ance stuid. Ither notable kirks include: *the [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=00895 Saviour Cathedral], kent as the Auld Fair Cathedral an aw, a huge domit edifice biggit at the steid o the great fair tae an [[Empire style]] design bi [[Agustín de Betancourt]] an [[Auguste de Montferrand]] in 1822; *the sae-cried [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=01787 New Fair Cathedral], designed in the Russian Revival style an biggit atween 1856 an 1880 at the confluence o the Oka an the Volga; *the recently reconstructit [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=10051 Kirk o the Nativity o John the Precursor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024634/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=10051 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1676–83), staundin juist belaw the Kremlin waws; it wis uised durin the Soviet period as an apairtment hoose; *the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5523 parish kirks o the Holy Wives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031024330/http://sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5523 |date=2007-10-31 }} (1649) an [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9535 o Saunt Elijah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024604/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9535 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1656); *the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9550 Assumption Kirk on St Elijah's Hill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024541/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9550 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1672), wi five green-tiled domes arrangit unorthodoxly on the lofty cross-shapit barrel ruif; *the shrine o the [[Auld Believers]] at the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5248 Bugrovskoe cemetery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031022513/http://sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5248 |date=2007-10-31 }}, erectit in the 1910s tae a creetically acclaimit design bi [[Vladimir Pokrovsky]]; *the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5253 firthen chapel o the Intercession]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (1660), transportit tae Nizhny Novgorod frae a landwart aurie. Thare is a [[mosque]] in Sennaya Square an aw, whaur the Muslim populations o the ceety go for [[Friday prayers]], Islamic activities an activities which are organisit bi the mosque. Thare is a sma shop tae buy halal meats an aw. Maist o the Muslims in this ceety are [[Tatars]]. The centrally locatit [[Jewish community of Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhny Novgorod Synagogue]] wis biggit in 1881-1883; disuised during the Soviet era, it wis renovated an reopened ca. 1991. ===Ither=== A singular monument o industrial airchitectur is a 128-metre-heich [[Shukhov touer on the Oka River|open-wirk hyperboloid touer]] biggit on the bank o the Oka near [[Dzerzhinsk]] as pairt o a [[Electric pouer transmission|pouerline]] river crossin bi the eminent ingineer an scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov]] in 1929. A staircase connectin the Kremlin wi the Volga river affers a panoramic view o the surroondins. The staircase itsel wis constructit in the late 1940s bi German preesoners o war forcit tae labor aroond Gorky. ==Education== Nizhny Novgorod is hame tae the follaein educational facilities: *[[N. I. Lobachevsky State University o Nizhny Novgorod]] *[[R.Y. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University]]<ref>http://www.nntu.sci-nnov.ru/nstu.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329044720/http://www.nntu.sci-nnov.ru/nstu.html |date=2010-03-29 }}</ref> *[[Nizhny Novgorod State University o Airchitectur an Ceevil Ingineerin]] *[[Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University]] *[[Nizhny Novgorod Commercial Institute]] *[[Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University]] *[[Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy]] *[[Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy]] *[[Volgo-Vyatsky Region Ceevil Service Academy]]<ref>http://www.vvags.ru/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224120011/http://vvags.ru/ |date=2012-12-24 }}</ref> Thare are twinty research institutes locatit in the ceety an aw. ==Sports== The ceety ice hockey team [[Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod]] play in the [[KHL]]. The ceety is representit at fitbaa bi [[FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod]] which plays in the [[Roushie Premier League]]. [[FC Nizhny Novgorod]] plays in the Roushie First Diveesion. The ither fitbaa team frae Nizhny Novgorod, [[FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod]] which haed played in the Roushie Premier League an Intertoto Cup became defunct in 2006. The ceety field hockey team are HC Stairt. The ceety [[bandy]] team Stairt plays in the heichest diveesion o the [[Roushie Bandy League]].<ref>Video frae a gemme in the Roushie Cup against [[Zorky]] frae [[Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsk]]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhwJxkrosd4</ref> In 2002 thay reached the feenal against [[Vodnik]]. Baith matches wur played in [[Arkhangelsk]] due tae wairm wather. Efter that a new arena, wi an airtificial ice an a capacity o 20079, wis biggit.[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/6/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/6/%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545&sa=X&ei=BLO3UKbfL9P24QSy-4D4Cw&sqi=2&ved=0CDMQ7gEwAA] ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Nizhny Novgorod is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Essen]], [[Germany]]<ref name="RuhrTwins2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District|publisher=© 2009 [http://www.twins2010.com/index.php?id=home&L=1 Twins2010.com]|accessdate=2009-10-28|archive-date=2009-11-28|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5lctsW5KG?url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|China}} [[Jinan]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] *{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]] *{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Linz]], [[Austrick]] *{{Flagicon|Cuba}} [[Matanzas]], [[Cuba]] || *{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbie]] *{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], [[Unitit States]] *{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Sant Boi]], [[Spain]] *{{Flagicon|South_Korea}} [[Suwon]], [[Republic o Korea]] *{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] |} ==Climate== The [[climate]] in the region is continental, specifically [[humid continental]] (''Dfb'') an it is seemilar tae the [[climate o Moscow|climate in Moscow]], awtho caulder in winter, which lasts frae late November till late Mairch wi a permanent snaow kiver. {{-}}{{Weather box |location = Nizhny Novgorod (1971 - 2000) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 5.5 |Feb record high C = 7.0 |Mar record high C = 17.3 |Apr record high C = 26.3 |May record high C = 32.5 |Jun record high C = 36.3 |Jul record high C = 38.3 |Aug record high C = 38.0 |Sep record high C = 31.0 |Oct record high C = 24.2 |Nov record high C = 13.2 |Dec record high C = 8.5 |year record high C = 38.3 |Jan high C = -6.6 |Feb high C = -5.7 |Mar high C = 0.7 |Apr high C = 10.5 |May high C = 17.4 |Jun high C = 22.5 |Jul high C = 23.4 |Aug high C = 21.2 |Sep high C = 14.8 |Oct high C = 6.9 |Nov high C = -1.1 |Dec high C = -4.6 |year high C = 8.3 |Jan low C = -13.0 |Feb low C = -12.2 |Mar low C = -6.3 |Apr low C = 2.3 |May low C = 7.6 |Jun low C = 12.5 |Jul low C = 14.1 |Aug low C = 11.9 |Sep low C = 6.8 |Oct low C = 1.2 |Nov low C = -5.8 |Dec low C = -10.3 |year low C = 0.7 |Jan record low C = -41.2 |Feb record low C = -37.2 |Mar record low C = -28.3 |Apr record low C = -19.7 |May record low C = -6.9 |Jun record low C = -1.8 |Jul record low C = 5.1 |Aug record low C = 0.9 |Sep record low C = -5.4 |Oct record low C = -16.0 |Nov record low C = -29.4 |Dec record low C = -41.4 |year record low C = -41.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 40 |Feb precipitation mm = 33 |Mar precipitation mm = 28 |Apr precipitation mm = 36 |May precipitation mm = 52 |Jun precipitation mm = 64 |Jul precipitation mm = 76 |Aug precipitation mm = 67 |Sep precipitation mm = 57 |Oct precipitation mm = 59 |Nov precipitation mm = 56 |Dec precipitation mm = 50 |year precipitation mm = 618 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{Cite web | url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm | title = Pogoda.ru.net | accessdate = December 13, 2012 | publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) | language = Russian | archive-date = 2011-10-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111001224200/http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> |date = August 2010}} ===Notes=== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Nizhny Novgorod}} *[http://www.admcity.nnov.ru/english/ Nizhny Novgorod Ceety Govrenment wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717140321/http://www.admcity.nnov.ru/english/ |date=2006-07-17 }} {{en icon}} {{Ceeties an touns in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}} [[Category:Nizhny Novgorod| ]] [[Category:Populatit places on the Volga]] [[Category:1221 establishments]] [[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]] ll63c34fhunfdcw4d9mxxom37eiqeix 0 41615 919037 859205 2026-07-05T06:42:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Yangdok<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 양덕군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 陽德郡 <br />[[:en:Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: Yangdeok-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Yangtŏk kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Yangdok.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 772 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 61355 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Yangdok''' (''Yangtŏk kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o the [[Pyongannam-do]], [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage) an 18 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). ==Transport== Yangdok Station is on the [[Pyongra Line]] [[railwey]]. == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Pyongannam-do}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] oagxdlj0p4wmsjsjh84b1i0hbtpnubr 0 42331 918951 539653 2026-07-04T13:15:49Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement | context = north | hangul = 구성시 | hanja = {{linktext|龜|城|市}} |rr=Guseong-si |mr=Kusŏng si | divs = 24 ''tong'', 18 ''ri'' | area_km2 = 666.8 | map = DPRK Pyongbuk-Kusong.PNG | mapcaption = Map o North Pyongan showin the location o Kusong. }} '''Kusŏng''' is a coterminous ceety in central [[North Pyongan Province]], [[North Korea]]. It borders [[Taegwan]] tae the north, [[Taechon]] tae the east, [[Kwaksan]] an [[Chongju]] tae the sooth, an [[Chonma]] tae the north. The heichest point is [[Chongryongsan]] (청룡산, 920 m). The year-roond average temperatur is 8.2 °C, wi a Januar average o -9.6 °C an an August average o 23.3 °C. 1300 millimeters o rain faw in a typical year. 22% o the ceety's aurie is cultivatit; 64% is forestit. Educational institutions locatit in Kusong include [[Kusong Mechanical College]] an Kusong Industrial College. Historical relics include the Koryo-dynasty [[Kuju Castle]]. ==Diveesions== The ceety is dividit intae twinty-fower neebourheids (''dong'') an 18 veelages (''ri''). {| |valign="top"| * Ch'ahŭng-dong (Dividit inta twa pairts) <br> (차흥동/{{linktext|車|興|洞}}) * Chŏngnyon-dong <br> (청년동/{{linktext|靑|年|洞}}) * Kwail-dong <br> (과일동/과일{{linktext|洞}}) * Namch'ang-dong <br> (남창동/{{linktext|南|昌|洞}}) * Namsan-dong <br> (남산동/{{linktext|南|山|洞}}) * Paegun-dong <br> (백운동/{{linktext|白|雲|洞}}) * Paeksŏk-dong <br> (백석동/{{linktext|白|石|洞}}) * Panghyŏn-dong <br> (방현동/{{linktext|方|峴|洞}}) * Pangjik-dong <br> (방직동/{{linktext|紡|織|洞}}) * Rigu-dong <br> (리구동/{{linktext|梨|邱|洞}}) * Saenal-dong <br> (새날동/새날{{linktext|洞}}) * Saekol-dong <br> (새골동/새골{{linktext|洞}}) * Sangdan-dong <br> (상단동/{{linktext|上|端|洞}}) * Sangsŏk-dong <br> (상석동/{{linktext|上|石|洞}}) * Sinhŭng-dong (Divided into two parts) <br> (신흥동/{{linktext|新|興|洞}}) * Songan-dong <br> (성안동/{{linktext|城|安|洞}}) * Sŏsan-dong <br> (서산동/{{linktext|西|山|洞}}) * Sŏsŏng-dong <br> (서성동/{{linktext|西|城|洞}}) * Tongmun-up <br> (동문동/{{linktext|東|門|洞}}) * Yaksu-dong <br> (약수동/{{linktext|藥|水|洞}}) * Yangha-dong <br> (양하동/{{linktext|陽|下|洞}}) * Yŏkchŏn-dong <br> (역전동/{{linktext|驛|前|洞}}) |valign="top"| * Ch'ŏngryong-ri <br> (청룡리/{{linktext|靑|龍|里}}) * Ch'ŏngsong-ri <br> (청송리/{{linktext|靑|松|里}}) * Choyang-ri <br> (조양리/{{linktext|朝|陽|里}}) * Chungbang-ri <br> (중방리/{{linktext|中|坊|里}}) * Kiryong-ri <br> (기룡리/{{linktext|氣|龍|里}}) * Kŭmp'ung-ri <br> (금풍리/{{linktext|金|風|里}}) * Kŭmsan-ri <br> (금산리/{{linktext|金|山|里}}) * Namsan-ri <br> (남산리/{{linktext|南|山|里}}) * Namhŭng-ri <br> (남흥리/{{linktext|南|興|里}}) * Obong-ri <br> (오봉리/{{linktext|五|峰|里}}) * Paeksang-ri <br> (백상리/{{linktext|白|上|里}}) * Ryongp'ung-ri <br> (양하동/{{linktext|龍|風|里}}) * Sinp'ung-ri <br> (신풍리/{{linktext|新|豊|里}}) * Taean-ri <br> (대안리/{{linktext|大|安|里}}) * Tongsan-ri <br> (동산리/{{linktext|東|山|里}}) * Unyang-ri <br> (운양리/{{linktext|雲|陽|里}}) * Unp'ung-ri <br> (운풍리/{{linktext|雲|豊|里}}) * Wŏnjin-ri <br> (원진리/{{linktext|元|鎭|里}}) |} ==References== *{{cite book|author=International Information Research Institute (국제정보연구소)|publisher=Author|location=Seoul|title=北韓情報總覽 2000 [Bukhan jeongbo chong-ram 2000]|year=1999|chapter=구성시|pages=835–836 }} * http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i061.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218210057/http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i061.htm |date=2012-02-18 }} ==See an aw== {{portal|Korea}} *[[Geografie o North Korea]] *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea]] *[[Pyeonganbuk-do]] ==Freemit airtins== *{{baekgwa|empas_b=115684|empas_k=284168|encyber=20841|nate=11134400|}} {{Metropolitan ceeties o North Korea}} {{North Pyongan}} {{#invoke:coordinates|coord|display=title}} [[Category:Ceeties in North Pyongan Province]] cgw4in36ua1xel097wopbc3vqf2toyn 0 42371 919033 859155 2026-07-05T03:45:20Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Taedong<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 대동군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 大同郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Taedong-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Taetong kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Daedong.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 300 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 129761 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Taedong''' (''Taetong kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), ane [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destrict) an 21 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] 7e9ivo5i0s6jorj0rdqmoc7byh5ddxp 0 42374 918954 859044 2026-07-04T14:57:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Maengsan<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 맹산군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 孟山郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Maengsan-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Maengsan kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Maengsan.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyesan]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 723.13 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 48155 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Maengsan''' (''Maengsan kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o the province o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage) an 24 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] 6pj2rqdxcl2rac53n0qghbqljmhcyir 0 42378 919036 859175 2026-07-05T05:17:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Ungok<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 운곡지구 <br />[[Hanja]]: 雲谷地區 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Ungok-chigu <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyesan]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Ungok''' (''Ungok-chigu'') is an [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|destrict]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. Tukchang wis established as its awn admeenistrative aurie efter separatin frae [[Anju]] in 1997. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[rodongjagu]] (wirkers' destrict) an aicht [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (veelages). ==Transport== Ungok Station is on the [[Pyongra Line]] [[railwey]]. == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Destricts o Sooth Pyongan]] snigdpa9s02zfbgl03zg7lb7xduc668 0 42379 919035 898354 2026-07-05T04:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Tukchang<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 득장지구 <br />[[Hanja]]: 得將地區 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Tŭkjang-chigu <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Dukjang.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyesan]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 50033 | population_as_of = 2008 <ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514111837/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }} (Population 2008, Published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Tukchang''' (''Tŭkjang-chigu'') is an [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|destrict]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. Tukchang wis established as its awn admeenistrative aurie efter separatin frae [[Pukchang]] in 1995. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae nine [[Dong (neebourheid)|dong]] (neebourheids). ==Preeson Camp== [[Bukchang concentration camp|Poleetical Preson Camp No. 18]] is a muckle preeson labor colony in Tukchang destrict an [[Pukchang|Pukchang coonty]] at the banks o [[Taedong River]]. Mony o the 50000 preesoners are forcit tae wirk in coal mines.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |title=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: The Hidden Gulag (Section: Testimony Kwan-li-so No. 18 Bukchang, p. 69 - 76) |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Destricts o Sooth Pyongan]] mgyerf9eue3kk728unyc3l9ktpbm7jt 0 42382 919011 859068 2026-07-04T16:46:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Mundeok<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 문덕군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 文德郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Mundeok-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Muntŏk kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Mundok.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Hyesan]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 336 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 147191 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Mundok''' (''Muntŏk kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), ane [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destricts) an 21 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] qlvq166f9fczlgw1vkm2sd8aebl7wk0 0 42383 919016 898352 2026-07-04T22:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Pukchang<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 북창군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 北倉郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Bukchang-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Pukch'ang kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Bukchang.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 139498 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }} (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Pukchang''' (''Pukch'ang kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o the province o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. In this coonty is the kintra's mucklest pouer station- [[Pukchang coal pouer station]] - wi a production capacity o up tae 1600 [[Megawatt|MW]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), nine [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destricts) an 20 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). ==Preeson Camp== [[Bukchang concentration camp|Poleetical Preeson Camp No. 18]] is a muckle preeson labor colony in the wastren pairt o the coonty at the banks o [[Taedong River]]. Mony o the 50000 preesoners are forcit tae wirk in coal mines.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |title=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea: The Hidden Gulag (Section: Testimony Kwan-li-so No. 18 Bukchang, p. 69 - 76) |access-date=2012-12-05 |archive-date=2015-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] oj536e7mw9tn528v2qv6dar45fsjqvk 0 42385 919031 859149 2026-07-05T03:16:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Sukchon<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 숙천군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 肅川郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Sukcheon-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Sukch'ŏn kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Sukchon.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 418.96 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 178509 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Sukchon''' (''Sukch'ŏn kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), ane [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destrict) an 20 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] 4j63edi2hzztad6e5dzvl49kyx6l6cd 0 42386 919018 859101 2026-07-04T22:46:10Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Pyongwon<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 평원군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 平原郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Pyeongwon-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: P'yŏngwŏn kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Pyongwon.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 451.53 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 179492 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Pyongwon''' (''P'yŏngwŏn kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o the [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), twa [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destricts) an 29 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] sqidu8mzqbeau5rs9fgmpacfsnsd48c 0 42387 919028 859143 2026-07-05T02:29:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Songchon<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 성천군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 成川郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Seongcheon-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Sŏngch'ŏn kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Songchon.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 724 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 149809 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Songchon''' (''Sŏngch'ŏn kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), three [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destricts) an 20 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (towns). == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] lzzpbqbiydjj7z27qnexrsgpen83xyd 0 42388 919027 859139 2026-07-05T02:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Sinyang<br /><small>[[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]: 신양군 <br />[[Hanja]]: 新陽郡 <br />[[Revisit Romanisation o Korean|RR]]: Sinyang-gun <br />[[McCune-Reischauer|MR]]: Sinyang kun <br /></small> | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = DPRK2006 Pyongnam-Sinyang.PNG | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[North Korea]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongannam-do]] | subdivision_type2 = Admeenistrative centre | subdivision_name2 = [[Pyongsong]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 737.2 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 59115 | population_as_of = 2008<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Korean Central Bureau of Statistics: 2008 Population Census] (Population 2008, published in 2009)</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Sinyang''' (''Sinyang kun'') is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|coonty]] o [[Pyongannam-do]] in [[North Korea]]. ==Admeenistrative destricts== The destrict is split intae ane [[ŭp]] (veelage), ane [[rodongjagu]] (wirker destrict) an 16 [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|ri]] (touns). ==Transport== Sinyang Station is on the [[Pyongra Line]] [[railwey]]. == References == <references /> ==Freemit airtins== * {{en}} [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm Map o Pyongan provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311044625/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/087th_issue/99032502.htm |date=2012-03-11 }} * {{ko}} [http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm Detailed map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202409/http://nk.joins.com/map/i054.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} {{Sooth Pyongan}} [[Category:Coonties o Sooth Pyongan Province]] eivn149kgfzpw9ph9cxfdalzs9mn68e 0 44485 919014 857176 2026-07-04T22:22:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |title=Potonggang-guyok |img= |imgcaption=The [[Ryugyong Hotel]] |hanja={{linktext|普通|江|區|域}} |hangul=보통강구역 |rr=Botonggang-guyeok |mr=Pot'onggang-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=15 admeenistrative ''dong'' |map= }} '''Potonggang-guyok''' is ane o the 19 destricts, or guyok, o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is maist famous as the location o the [[Ryugyong Hotel]]. It is namit efter the Pothong River (leeterally "the simple river"), which serves as the destrict's border on aw sides. It is bordered tae the north bi [[Hyongjesan-guyok]], tae the east bi [[Sosong-guyok|Sosong]] an [[Moranbong-guyok]]s, tae the sooth bi [[Pyongchon-guyok|Pyongchon]] an [[Chung-guyok]]s, an tae the wast bi [[Mangyongdae-guyok]]. The destrict wis established bi the Pyongyang Ceety Fowkcommittee in October 1960. ==Owerview== The Pot'ong Destrict is primarily a wirkin destrict o the ceety as the few places o interest tae tourists on locatit on the periphery o the destrict. The anerlie attractions tae visitors are the Potong River Pleasure Grund, the Victorious Leeberation o the Faitherland Statue an the Potong River Improvement Project Monument. It is the location o the Pyongyang Embroidery Schuil an Factory an aw, an the Pyongyang Senior Middle Schuil. The destrict's Ragwon-dong is the location o the central offices an heidquarters o the DPRK's [[Naitional Defence Commission]]. The [[Pyongyang Metro]] runs throu this destrict, wi stops at Konsol, Hwanggumbol, an Konguk Stations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001237/http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Potonggang-guyok is dividit intae eleiven admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]]. Twa neebourheids (Ryugyong-dong an Potonggang-dong) are further dividit in twa pairts for admeenistrative purposes, while Pulgunkori-dong is dividit intae three acause o its size.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i004.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2013-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829183007/http://nk.joins.com/map/i004.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja|Hancha]] |- |Kyonghung-dong||경흥동||{{linktext|慶|興|洞}} |- |Ponghwa-dong||봉화동||{{linktext|烽火|洞}} |- |[[Potong River|Potonggang]]-dong||보통강동||{{linktext|普|通|江|洞}} |- |Pulgunkori-dong||붉은거리동||{{linktext|붉은|거리|洞}} |- |Rakwon-dong||락원동||{{linktext|樂園|洞}} |- |[[Pyongyang|Ryugyong]]-dong||류경동||{{linktext|柳|京|洞}} |- |Segori-dong||세거리동||{{linktext|세|거리|洞}} |- |Sojang-dong||서장동||{{linktext|西|將|洞}} |- |Sokam-dong||석암동||{{linktext|石|岩|洞}} |- |Sinwon-dong||신원동||{{linktext|新|院|洞}} |- |Taebo-dong||대보동||{{linktext|大|寶|洞}} |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] dd1cuks74boxnxzfzha9nwo7tty3tcl 0 44490 919006 857123 2026-07-04T16:36:50Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |title=Moranbong-guyŏk |img=Moranbong_in_Pyongyang.jpg |imgcaption=[[Moranbong Hill]] |hanja={{linktext|牡丹|峰|區|域}} |hangul=모란봉구역 |rr=Moranbong-guyeok |mr=Moranbong-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=15 admeenistrative ''dong'' |map= }} '''Moranbong-guyŏk''', is ane o the 19 guyŏk which constitute the ceety o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is locatit north o [[Chung-guyok]], the ceety's central destrict, an is bordered tae the north bi [[Sosong-guyok|Sosong]] an [[Taesong-guyok]]s, tae the east bi the [[Taedong River]], an the wast bi the [[Potong River]] an [[Potonggang-guyok]]. It is namit efter [[Moran Hill]] locatit in the destrict's wast aurie ("Moran" means [[peony]]). It was designatit a guyŏk in October 1960 bi the Pyongyang Ceety Fowkcommittee. ==Overview== A lairge pairt o the destrict is taken up bi the [[Moranbong Park]], Pyongyang's lairgest recreation aurie. The pairk contains mony significant historic relics, includin vestiges o the auld [[Pyongyang Castle]] waws an various ornamental pavilions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219195853/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The destrict is hame tae the [[Kim Il-sung Stadium]] an aw, built durin the Japanese occupation period an the steid o [[Kim Il-sung|Kim]]'s first speech efter the leeberation o Pyongyang. The [[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Pyongyang Airch o Triumph]], the warld's lairgest such arch, is locatit in the destrict. ==Transport== The [[Pyongyang Metro]] runs throu this destrict, wi stops at Tongil, Kaeson, Chonu, an Chonsung Stations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001237/http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is connected tae [[Rungra Island]] an [[Taedonggang-guyŏk]] (on the Taedong's left bank) bi the [[Rungra Bridge]].<ref name="Encyber">{{citation|url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=851308&contentno=851308|title=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|chapter=능라교|accessdate=2010-07-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Moranbong-guyok is dividit intae fifteen admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]]. The lairgest neebourheids (Inhung, Pipa, an Kinmaul) are further dividit in two parts for administrative purposes.<ref>http://nk.joins.com/map/i005.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja|Hancha]] |- |Changhyŏn-dong||장현동||{{linktext|長|峴|洞}} |- |[[Chilsongmun|Ch'ilsongmun]]-dong||칠성문동||{{linktext|七|星|門|洞}} |- |Chinhŭng-dong||진흥동||{{linktext|進|興|洞}} |- |Chŏnsŭng-dong||전승동||{{linktext|戰|勝|洞}} |- |Chŏnu-dong||전우동||{{linktext|戰|友|洞}} |- |Hŭngbu-dong||흥부동||{{linktext|興|富|洞}} |- |Inhŭng-dong||인흥동||{{linktext|仁|興|洞}} |- |[[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Kaesŏn]]-dong||개선동||{{linktext|凱|旋|洞}} |- |Kinmaŭl-dong||긴마을동||{{linktext|긴|마을|洞}} |- |Minhŭng-dong||민흥동||{{linktext|民|興|洞}} |- |Pip'a-dong||비파동||{{linktext|琵琶|洞}} |- |Puksae-dong||북새동||{{linktext|北|塞|洞}} |- |Sŏhŭng-dong||서흥동||{{linktext|西|興|洞}} |- |Sŏngbuk-dong||성북동||{{linktext|城|北|洞}} |- |[[Gye Wolhyang|Wŏlhyang]]-dong||월향동||{{linktext|月|香|洞}} |} ==Sources== <references /> {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] csxhtesk92rip5nc5m8bd8cb5wxlhdr 0 44928 919017 360057 2026-07-04T22:46:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |title=P'yŏngch'ŏn-guyŏk |img=Pyongyang-station.jpg |imgcaption=[[Pyongyang Station]] |hanja={{linktext|平|川|區域}} |hangul=평천구역 |rr=Pyeongcheon-guyeok |mr=P'yŏngch'ŏn-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=11 admeenistrative ''dong'' |map= }} '''P'yŏngch'ŏn-guyŏk''' (Pyongchon Destrict) is ane o the 19 ''[[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea#Seicont-level diveesions|guyŏk]]'' (poleetical destricts or wairds) o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is bordered bi the [[Taedong River]] in the sooth an the [[Potong River]] in the north an wast, an tae the east bi [[Chung-guyok]], from which it is separated by the [[Pyongyang Station|railway]]. It wis established as a guyŏk in October 1960 bi the Pyongyang Ceety Fowkcommittee throu a mandate o the Central Committee o the [[Wirkers' Pairty o Korea]]. It is probably best kent as the location o the P'yongchon Thermal Pouer Station, which is the electricity source for [[Pyongyang]]'s central neebourheids an aw. It is the location o the Mansudae Airt Studio an Schuil an aw, the Pyongyang Jang Chol Gu University o Commerce, the Pyongyang University o the Printing Industrial Airts an the Korea Okryu Combination Corporation. For internaitional visitors, it is the location o the Pothong Hotel an the Ansan Chodasso Guest Hoose. ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Pyongchon-guyok is dividit intae eleiven admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]]. The lairgest neebourheids (Ansan, Puksong, Haeun, Ryukkyo, Pyongchon, an Saemaul) are further dividit intae twa pairts for admeenistrative purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i003.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-24 |archive-date=2012-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218210557/http://nk.joins.com/map/i003.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja|Hancha]] |- |Ansan-dong||안산동||{{linktext|鞍|山|洞}} |- |Chŏngpy'ŏng-dong||정평동||{{linktext|井|平|洞}} |- |Haeun-dong||해운동||{{linktext|海|運||洞}} |- |Kansŏng-dong||간성동||{{linktext|干|城|洞}} |- |Pongji-dong||봉지동||{{linktext|鳳|池|洞}} |- |Ponghak-dong||봉학동||{{linktext|鳳|鶴|洞}} |- |Pongnam-dong||봉남동||{{linktext|鳳|南|洞}} |- |Puksŏng-dong||북성동||{{linktext|北|城|洞}} |- |P'yŏngch'ŏn-dong||평천동||{{linktext|平|川|洞}} |- |Ryukkyo-dong||륙교동||{{linktext|陸|橋|洞}} |- |Saemaul-dong||새마을동||{{linktext|새|마을|洞}} |} ==Sources== <references /> {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] 8d5sbszeahs5wq7vlv4g8qaup3ttkr0 0 44933 919030 359793 2026-07-05T02:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean name |hangul=서성구역 |hanja={{linktext|西|城|區|域|}} |rr=Sosongrnyeok |mr=Sŏsŏng-guyŏk}} '''Sŏsŏng-guyŏk''', or '''Sosong Destrict''', is ane o the 19 guyŏk o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is locatit on the Pot'ong River, wast o the [[Moranbong-guyŏk]] (Moranbong Destrict) an sooth o [[Hyongjesan-guyok]] (Hyongjesan Destrict). It wis established Januar 1958. ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Sŏsŏng-guyŏk is dividit intae thirteen admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (neebourheid)|dong]]. Twa neebourheids (Changgyong an Sosan) are further dividit in twa pairts for admeenistrative purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i006.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-24 |archive-date=2013-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829110901/http://nk.joins.com/map/i006.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja|Hancha]] |- |Changsan-dong||장산동||{{linktext|長|山|洞}} |- |Changgyŏng-dong||장경동||{{linktext|長|慶|洞}} |- |Chungsin-dong||중신동||{{linktext|中|新|洞}} |- |Hasin-dong||하신동||{{linktext|下|新|洞}} |- |Kinjae-dong||긴재동||{{linktext|긴|재|洞}} |- |Namgyo-dong||남교동||{{linktext|南|橋|洞}} |- |Ryŏnmot-dong||련못동||{{linktext|蓮|못|洞}} |- |Sanghŭng-dong||상흥동||{{linktext|上|興|洞}} |- |Sangsin-dong||상신동||{{linktext|上|新|洞}} |- |Sŏch'ŏn-dong||서천동||{{linktext|西|川|洞}} |- |Sŏsan-dong||서산동||{{linktext|西|山|洞}} |- |Sŏkbong-dong||석봉동||{{linktext|石|峰|洞}} |- |Wasan-dong||와산동||{{linktext|臥|山|洞}} |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] 3g6ti427zv4en08rjcjp7wjxbqenio9 0 44935 919029 359795 2026-07-05T02:31:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |title=Sŏn'gyo-guyŏk |img= |imgcaption=[[Moranbong Pairk]] |hanja={{linktext|船|橋|區|域}} |hangul=선교구역 |rr=Seongyo-guyeok |mr=Sŏn'gyo-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=9 ''dong'', 9 ''ri'' |map= }} '''Sŏn'gyo-guyŏk''' or '''Songyo Destrict'' is ane o the 19 guyŏk that constitute the ceety o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is on the eastren bank o the [[Taedong River]] at the centre o East Pyongyang. It is bordered tae the sooth bi [[Rangnang-guyok]], tae the north bi [[Tongdaewon-guyok]] an tae the east bi [[Ryokpo-guyok|Ryokpo]] an [[Sadong-guyok]]s. It wis established in September 1959. ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Songyo-guyok is dividit intae nine admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea#Third-level diveesions|dong]]. Maist o the destricts are further dividit intae separate numberit sections for admeenistrative purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i007.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-24 |archive-date=2012-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218210416/http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i007.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| |valign="top"| * Namsin-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (남신동/{{linktext|南|新|洞}}) * [[Changchung Cathedral|Changchung]]-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (장충동/{{linktext|長|忠|洞}}) * Ryulgok-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (률곡동/{{linktext|栗|谷|洞}}) * Taehŭng-dong <br> (대흥동/{{linktext|大|興|洞}}) * Yŏngje-dong <br> (영제동/{{linktext|永|濟|洞}}) * Tŭngme-dong (3 admeenistrative dong) <br> (등메동/{{linktext|등|메|洞}}) |valign="top"| * Sŏn'gyo-dong (3 admeenistrative dong) <br> (선교동/{{linktext|船|橋|洞}}) * Mujin-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (무진동/{{linktext|武|進|洞}}) * Usme-dong <br> (웃메동/{{linktext|웃|메|洞}}) * Kangan-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (강안동/{{linktext|江|岸|洞}}) * Sanop-dong (2 admeenistrative dong) <br> (산업동/{{linktext|産|業|洞}}) |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] k2mvjyhmehtmxifd43a3v307inj17jh 0 45242 918990 918927 2026-07-04T16:28:42Z Jahoda333 133824 918990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie destrict |en_name=Severnoye Tushino Destrict |ru_name=Северное Тушино |image_map=Msk szao sev tushino.png |map_caption=Location o Severnoye Tushino Destrict on the map o Moscow |latd |latm |lats |longd |longm |longs |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref |federal_subject=[[Moscow]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of= |adm_ctr_type= |adm_ctr_name= |adm_ctr_ref= |no_of_cities_towns |no_of_urban-type_settlements= |selsoviet_type1 |no_of_selsoviets_type1= |no_of_rural_localities= |counts_ref= |mun_data_as_of= |mun_formation1= |mun_formation1_ref= |mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements= |mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements= |mun_formation1_counts_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_title= |mun_formation1_leader_title_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_name= |mun_formation1_leader_name_ref= |mun_formation1_representative_body= |mun_formation1_representative_body_ref= |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_census= |urban_pop_percent= |rural_pop_percent= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date= |established_date_ref= |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |newspaper= |newspaper_ref= |website |website_ref |date=August 2011 }} '''BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH Severnoye Tushino Destrict ''' <!--({{lang-ru| райо́н}})--> is an admeenistrative destrict ([[raion]]) o [[North-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug]], an ane o the 125 raions o [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]].<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|45}}</ref><!-- The area of the district is {{convert||km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Population: (2009 est.); ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); {{su-census1989||.}} --> ==See an aw== {{commonscat|North Tushino}} *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow]] ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Roushie}}{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} [[Category:Destricts o Moscow]] tipm9fzuk1wpftwxtf3yfmg8q0vgnag 918991 918990 2026-07-04T16:28:51Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Cobra 3000 918927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie destrict |en_name=Severnoye Tushino Destrict |ru_name=Северное Тушино |image_map=Msk szao sev tushino.png |map_caption=Location o Severnoye Tushino Destrict on the map o Moscow |latd |latm |lats |longd |longm |longs |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref |federal_subject=[[Moscow]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of= |adm_ctr_type= |adm_ctr_name= |adm_ctr_ref= |no_of_cities_towns |no_of_urban-type_settlements= |selsoviet_type1 |no_of_selsoviets_type1= |no_of_rural_localities= |counts_ref= |mun_data_as_of= |mun_formation1= |mun_formation1_ref= |mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements= |mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements= |mun_formation1_counts_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_title= |mun_formation1_leader_title_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_name= |mun_formation1_leader_name_ref= |mun_formation1_representative_body= |mun_formation1_representative_body_ref= |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_census= |urban_pop_percent= |rural_pop_percent= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date= |established_date_ref= |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |newspaper= |newspaper_ref= |website |website_ref |date=August 2011 }} '''Severnoye Tushino Destrict ''' <!--({{lang-ru| райо́н}})--> is an admeenistrative destrict ([[raion]]) o [[North-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug]], an ane o the 125 raions o [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]].<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|45}}</ref><!-- The area of the district is {{convert||km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Population: (2009 est.); ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); {{su-census1989||.}} --> ==See an aw== {{commonscat|North Tushino}} *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow]] ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Roushie}}{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} [[Category:Destricts o Moscow]] 6odpi5r5tfzaggwbkaf0k0cre8ga678 918994 918991 2026-07-04T16:31:31Z Jahoda333 133824 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/918991|918991]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Quinlan83|Quinlan83]] ([[User talk:Quinlan83|Tauk]]) 918994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie destrict |en_name=Severnoye Tushino Destrict |ru_name=Северное Тушино |image_map=Msk szao sev tushino.png |map_caption=Location o Severnoye Tushino Destrict on the map o Moscow |latd |latm |lats |longd |longm |longs |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref |federal_subject=[[Moscow]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of= |adm_ctr_type= |adm_ctr_name= |adm_ctr_ref= |no_of_cities_towns |no_of_urban-type_settlements= |selsoviet_type1 |no_of_selsoviets_type1= |no_of_rural_localities= |counts_ref= |mun_data_as_of= |mun_formation1= |mun_formation1_ref= |mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements= |mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements= |mun_formation1_counts_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_title= |mun_formation1_leader_title_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_name= |mun_formation1_leader_name_ref= |mun_formation1_representative_body= |mun_formation1_representative_body_ref= |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_census= |urban_pop_percent= |rural_pop_percent= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date= |established_date_ref= |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |newspaper= |newspaper_ref= |website |website_ref |date=August 2011 }} '''BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH Severnoye Tushino Destrict ''' <!--({{lang-ru| райо́н}})--> is an admeenistrative destrict ([[raion]]) o [[North-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug]], an ane o the 125 raions o [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]].<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|45}}</ref><!-- The area of the district is {{convert||km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Population: (2009 est.); ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); {{su-census1989||.}} --> ==See an aw== {{commonscat|North Tushino}} *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow]] ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Roushie}}{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} [[Category:Destricts o Moscow]] tipm9fzuk1wpftwxtf3yfmg8q0vgnag 918995 918994 2026-07-04T16:31:35Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 918927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Roushie destrict |en_name=Severnoye Tushino Destrict |ru_name=Северное Тушино |image_map=Msk szao sev tushino.png |map_caption=Location o Severnoye Tushino Destrict on the map o Moscow |latd |latm |lats |longd |longm |longs |image_flag |flag_caption |image_coa |coa_caption |anthem |anthem_ref |holiday |holiday_ref |federal_subject=[[Moscow]] |federal_subject_ref= |adm_data_as_of= |adm_ctr_type= |adm_ctr_name= |adm_ctr_ref= |no_of_cities_towns |no_of_urban-type_settlements= |selsoviet_type1 |no_of_selsoviets_type1= |no_of_rural_localities= |counts_ref= |mun_data_as_of= |mun_formation1= |mun_formation1_ref= |mun_formation1_no_of_urban_settlements= |mun_formation1_no_of_rural_settlements= |mun_formation1_counts_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_title= |mun_formation1_leader_title_ref= |mun_formation1_leader_name= |mun_formation1_leader_name_ref= |mun_formation1_representative_body= |mun_formation1_representative_body_ref= |area_of_what |area_as_of |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_census= |urban_pop_percent= |rural_pop_percent= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date= |established_date_ref= |prev_name1 |prev_name1_date |prev_name1_ref |newspaper= |newspaper_ref= |website |website_ref |date=August 2011 }} '''Severnoye Tushino Destrict ''' <!--({{lang-ru| райо́н}})--> is an admeenistrative destrict ([[raion]]) o [[North-Wastren Admeenistrative Okrug]], an ane o the 125 raions o [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]].<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|45}}</ref><!-- The area of the district is {{convert||km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Population: (2009 est.); ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]); {{su-census1989||.}} --> ==See an aw== {{commonscat|North Tushino}} *[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow]] ==References== {{Reflist}}{{Stub/Roushie}}{{Admeenistrative diveesions o Moscow}} [[Category:Destricts o Moscow]] 6odpi5r5tfzaggwbkaf0k0cre8ga678 0 46396 919004 850241 2026-07-04T16:36:04Z Jahoda333 133824 919004 wikitext text/x-wiki :''For the toun in Lori Province, see [[Khoronk, Lori]].'' {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Khoronk |native_name =Խորոնք |pushpin_map =Armenia |mapsize =150px |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Armenie]] |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = [[Armavir Province|Armavir]] |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2008 |population_total =2333 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|40|08|09|N|44|14|40|E|region:AM|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |area_code = |website = }} '''Khoronk''' ({{lang-hy|Խորոնք}}, [[Romanise|Romanisit]] as '''Khoronq''' an aw; umwhile, '''Lenugi''', '''Nizhniy Aylanlu''', '''Nerkin Aylanlu''', an '''Lenughi''') is a toun in the [[Armavir Province]] o [[Armenie]]. The toun's kirk dates tae 1880. BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BI == References == *{{GEOnet2|32FA881E6D6B3774E0440003BA962ED3}} *[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-17 World Gazeteer: Armenia]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com *{{ArmenianCensus|130}} *{{RediscoveringArmenia|37}} {{Armavir}} [[Category:Populatit places in Armavir Province]] s05phd8sdyltdz33kv4ey790tl711ft 919005 919004 2026-07-04T16:36:10Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 850241 wikitext text/x-wiki :''For the toun in Lori Province, see [[Khoronk, Lori]].'' {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Khoronk |native_name =Խորոնք |pushpin_map =Armenia |mapsize =150px |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = [[Armenie]] |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = [[Armavir Province|Armavir]] |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2008 |population_total =2333 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|40|08|09|N|44|14|40|E|region:AM|display=inline}} |elevation_m = |area_code = |website = }} '''Khoronk''' ({{lang-hy|Խորոնք}}, [[Romanise|Romanisit]] as '''Khoronq''' an aw; umwhile, '''Lenugi''', '''Nizhniy Aylanlu''', '''Nerkin Aylanlu''', an '''Lenughi''') is a toun in the [[Armavir Province]] o [[Armenie]]. The toun's kirk dates tae 1880. == References == *{{GEOnet2|32FA881E6D6B3774E0440003BA962ED3}} *[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-17 World Gazeteer: Armenia]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} &ndash; World-Gazetteer.com *{{ArmenianCensus|130}} *{{RediscoveringArmenia|37}} {{Armavir}} [[Category:Populatit places in Armavir Province]] hlul259rd0a54hhklpquylw1pqfm3o2 0 51156 918971 918937 2026-07-04T16:26:34Z Jahoda333 133824 918971 wikitext text/x-wiki BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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[[Category:Port ceeties in Brazil]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1537]] [[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]] [[Category:Municipalities in Pernambuco]] 2y3tjzm24xvf4w1rucxe2hvo2xea43z 918972 918971 2026-07-04T16:27:06Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi HyBoxwood 918937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Recife |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Brazil|Municipality]] |official_name = The Municipality o Recife |nickname = Veneza Brasileira (Brazilian [[Venice]]), Caipital o the Northeast an Mauricéia/Mauritsstad (efter the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] colonization) |motto = {{lang-la|"Ut Luceat Omnibus''"''}}<br>"That it mey shine on aw" ([[Gospel o Matthew|Matthew]] [[Sermon on the Munt|5:15]]) |image_skyline = Montagem Recife (3).jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Frae upper left: Auld centre o Recife; Recife an its bridges; Aereal View o Boa Viagem Beach; Boa Viagem Beach; The Crystal Touer; Capibaribe River; The neighborhuid o Boa Viagem; Agamenon Magalhães Avenue; Recife Sunset. |image_flag = Bandeira do Recife.svg |image_coa = Brasaorecife.jpg |image_map = |mapsize = |pushpin_map=Brazil |pushpin_map_size=250 |pushpin_map_caption=Location in Brazil |subdivision_type = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States o Brazil|State]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]] |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Pernambuco}} |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = Geraldo Júlio de Mello Filho ([[Geraldo Júlio]]) ([[Brazilian Socialist Pairty|PSB]]) |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Foondit |established_date = Mairch 12, 1537 |established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporatit]] (as veelage) |established_date2 = 1709 |established_title3 = Incorporatit (as ceety) |established_date3 = 1823 |area_magnitude = 1 E8 |area_total_km2 = 218 |area_total_sq_mi = 84.17 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = 2,768 |area_metro_sq_mi = 1,068.7 |population_as_of = 2012 |population_note = |population_total = 1,555,039 ([[Leet o lairgest ceeties in Brazil|9t]]) |population_density_km2 = 7133.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 18537.9 |population_metro = 3,743,854([[Leet o lairgest ceeties in Brazil|6t]]) |population_density_metro_km2 = 1,352.5 |population_density_metro_sq_mi = 3,527 |population_urban = |timezone = [[UTC-3]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|8|3|S|34|54|W|region:BR|display=inline}} |elevation_m = 10 |elevation_ft = 33 |area_code = +55 81 |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 50000-000 |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = [http://www.recife.pe.gov.br Recife, Pernambuco] }} '''Recife''' ({{IPA-pt|ʁeˈsifi|-|Br-Recife.ogg}}, ''heh-see-fee'') is the fift-lairgest<ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1246&id_pagina=1 Cities Influence Areas]</ref> [[Recife metropolitan aurie|metropolitan aurie]] in [[Brazil]] wi 3,743,854 indwallers, the lairgest metropolitan aurie o the North/Northeast Regions, the 5t-lairgest metropolitan influence aurie in Brazil, an the caipital an lairgest ceety o the state o [[Pernambuco]]. The population o the ceety proper wis 1,555,039 in 2012.<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pernambuco/noticia/2012/08/regiao-metropolitana-do-recife-e-6-mais-populosa-do-brasil-diz-ibge.html IBGE 2012 Census Population]</ref> Recife is locatit whaur the [[Beberibe River]] meets the [[Capibaribe River]] tae flaw intae the Atlantic Ocean. It is a major port on the Atlantic Ocean. Its name is an allusion tae the coral [[reef]]s that are present bi the ceety's shores. The mony rivers, smaa islands an ower 50 brigs foond in Recife ceety centre characterize its geografie an gies it the moniker o the "Brazilian [[Venice]]." The [[Recife metropolitan aurie|Metropolitan Region o Recife]] is the main industrial zone o the [[Pernambuco|State o Pernambuco]]; maist relevant products are those derived frae [[Succarcane|cane]] (succar an [[Ethanol fuel in Brazil|ethanol]]), electronics, fuid, an ithers; thanks tae the fiscal incentives o govrenment, mony industrial enterprises wur stairtit in the 1970s an 1980s. Recife haes a tradeetion o bein the maist important [[commerce|commercial centre]] o the North/Northeastern region o Brazil wi mair nor 52,500 business enterprises in Recife itself plus 32,500 in the Metro Aurie which tots mair nor 85,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/ |title=Recife Municipal Profile |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121223916/http://www.condepefidem.pe.gov.br/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A combination o a lairge supply o [[workforce|labor]] an signeeficant private investments turned Recife intae Brazil's seicont lairgest medical centre (seicont anly tae [[São Paulo]]);<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.uol.com.br/JC/_1999/0509/ec0509i.htm |title=Recife Medical Pool |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212020/http://www2.uol.com.br/JC/_1999/0509/ec0509i.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> modren hospitals wi state-o-the-airt equipment receive patients frae several neighborin States.<ref>[http://www.pe-az.com.br/saude/polo_medico_recife.htm Pernambuco A-Z]</ref><ref>[http://www.pernambuco.com/diario/2003/08/06/info1_0.html Pernambuco Daily] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715065415/http://www.pernambuco.com/diario/2003/08/06/info1_0.html |date=2011-07-15 }}</ref> Lik aw ither ceeties in the [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]], Recife is developin its [[tourism|tourist sector]]. The beach o [[Porto de Galinhas]], {{convert|60|km|mi|sp=us}} sooth o the ceety, haes been repeatitly awairdit the title o baist beach in Brazil an haes drawn mony tourists.<ref>[http://gwmroot.gt.com.br/portodegalinhas/matler.asp?newsId=890 Porto de Galinhas Beach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301081247/http://gwmroot.gt.com.br/portodegalinhas/matler.asp?newsId=890 |date=2009-03-01 }}</ref> Recife's infrastructur is amang the maist developed in Brazil for travellers an business fowk, tho thare is wide room for improvement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49649 |title=Business in Recife |access-date=2013-02-09 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026003925/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2002/01/49649 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ceety is an aa a renowned eddicational centre, an home tae the [[Federal Varsity o Pernambuco]], the lairgest varsity in Pernambuco. Several Brazilian historical figures, sic as the poet an abolitionist [[Castro Alves]], moved tae Recife tae attain thair eddication. Thegither wi [[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]] thir are the anly Brazilian ceeties wi direct flichts tae the islands o [[Fernando de Noronha]], Warld Heritage Steid syne 2001.<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1000 Unesco - Fernando de Noronha Islands]</ref> ==Geografie== Due tae the ceety's proximity tae the [[equator]], Recife wather is generally warm. Recife haes a nummer o islands, rivers, watterwyes an brigs that crisscross the ceety. Recife is locatit amidst [[tropical forest]]s which are distinguished bi heich rainfaw levels resultin in poor soil quality as the rainfall washes away the nutrients. Thare is an absence o extreme temperatures an a cuil breeze due tae the tred winds frae the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>[http://www.recife.info/recife-weather.html Weather of Recife] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915120054/http://www.recife.info/recife-weather.html |date=2008-09-15 }}</ref> [[File:ISS Recife, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb|Recife, seen frae the [[Internaitional Space Station]]]] === Vegetation === Recife haes a tropical forest. Rainforests are characterized bi heich rainfall, wi definitions settin minimum normal annual rainfaw atween {{convert|2000|mm|in}} an {{convert|1700|mm|in}}. The soil can be poor acause heich rainfall tends tae leach oot soluble nutrients. Thare are several common characteristics o tropical [[rainforest]] trees. The ceety o Recife is fairmed bi three islands (Recife, Santo Antônio, an Boa Vista).<ref>[http://www.nassauturismo.com.br/nac_pacotes_recife.htm Islands of Recife]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Atween the islands are the rivers Beberibe an Capibaribe.<ref>[http://www.unicap.br/eneal/html/turismo.html Rivers of the city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330014650/http://www.unicap.br/eneal/html/turismo.html |date=2009-03-30 }}</ref> [[File:A Cidade e o Rio.jpg|thumb|[[Capibaribe River]].]] ===Hydrography=== '''Rivers''' * [[Capibaribe River|Capibaribe]], [[Beberibe]], Jiquiá, Tejipió, Jordão an Pina. '''Beaches''' * [[Boa Viagem, Recife|Boa Viagem]], Pina an Brasília Teimosa '''Lochs''' * Araçá '''Lairge watter supplier ([[Dam]]s)''' * Prata do Meio an Apipucos ===Climate=== Recife haes a year-roond [[tropical climate]], wi warm tae het temperaturs an heich relative humidity throughout the year. Houever, thir conditions are relieved bi pleasant tred winds blowin in frae the ocean.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cdsid.org.br/gdn2012/recife.php |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-16 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052010/http://www.cdsid.org.br/gdn2012/recife.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unner the [[Köppen climate classification]], the ceety featurs a [[tropical monsoon climate]]. Januar is the warmest month, wi mean temperatures rangin frae {{convert|31|C|F}} tae {{convert|22|C|F}}, wi sun; Julie experiences the cuilest temperatures, wi mean temperatures rangin frae {{convert|27|C|F}} tae {{convert|20|C|F}}, wi rain. Juin is the wettest month an the seicont-cloudiest, receivin an average o {{convert|390|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} o precipitation, an surpassed in cloudiness anly bi August. Indeed, August is incredibly cloudy in Recife, wi a mere daily average o 3.5 oors o sunshine throughoot the month. The driest an sunniest month is November, whan maximum temperatures hover aroond 30&nbsp;°C an an average o {{convert|48|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} o precipitation is recordit. November is an aa Recife's anly true [[dry saison]] month, as aw ither months in the ceety are [[wet saison]] months.<ref>[http://www.blurbwire.com/topics/Recife::sub::Geography ]</ref> {{Weather box |location = Recife, Brazil |collapsed = y |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 37 |Feb record high C = 38 |Mar record high C = 37 |Apr record high C = 35 |May record high C = 37 |Jun record high C = 37 |Jul record high C = 32 |Aug record high C = 33 |Sep record high C = 37 |Oct record high C = 37 |Nov record high C = 38 |Dec record high C = 38 |year record high C = 38 |Jan high C = 30.2 |Feb high C = 30.2 |Mar high C = 30.0 |Apr high C = 29.7 |May high C = 28.9 |Jun high C = 28.8 |Jul high C = 27.3 |Aug high C = 27.5 |Sep high C = 28.1 |Oct high C = 29.0 |Nov high C = 30.1 |Dec high C = 30.2 |Jan mean C = 26.6 |Feb mean C = 26.6 |Mar mean C = 26.5 |Apr mean C = 25.9 |May mean C = 25.2 |Jun mean C = 24.5 |Jul mean C = 24.0 |Aug mean C = 23.9 |Sep mean C = 24.6 |Oct mean C = 25.5 |Nov mean C = 25.9 |Dec mean C = 26.3 |Jan low C = 22.4 |Feb low C = 22.6 |Mar low C = 22.7 |Apr low C = 22.6 |May low C = 21.9 |Jun low C = 21.6 |Jul low C = 21.1 |Aug low C = 20.6 |Sep low C = 20.7 |Oct low C = 21.4 |Nov low C = 21.9 |Dec low C = 22.2 |Jan record low C = 20 |Feb record low C = 20 |Mar record low C = 21 |Apr record low C = 20 |May record low C = 21 |Jun record low C = 15 |Jul record low C = 18 |Aug record low C = 17 |Sep record low C = 18 |Oct record low C = 17 |Nov record low C = 17 |Dec record low C = 19 |year record low C = 15 |Jan precipitation mm = 103.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 144.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 264.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 326.4 |May precipitation mm = 328.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 389.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 385.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 213.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 122.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 66.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 47.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 65.0 |unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 14 |Feb precipitation days = 16 |Mar precipitation days = 19 |Apr precipitation days = 21 |May precipitation days = 23 |Jun precipitation days = 25 |Jul precipitation days = 25 |Aug precipitation days = 23 |Sep precipitation days = 18 |Oct precipitation days = 15 |Nov precipitation days = 12 |Dec precipitation days = 13 |Jan sun = 244.9 |Feb sun = 211.9 |Mar sun = 204.6 |Apr sun = 186.0 |May sun = 186.0 |Jun sun = 168.0 |Jul sun = 170.5 |Aug sun = 108.5 |Sep sun = 216.0 |Oct sun = 248.0 |Nov sun = 267.0 |Dec sun = 254.2 |Jan humidity = 73 |Feb humidity = 77 |Mar humidity = 80 |Apr humidity = 84 |May humidity = 85 |Jun humidity = 85 |Jul humidity = 85 |Aug humidity = 85 |Sep humidity = 78 |Oct humidity = 76 |Nov humidity = 74 |Dec humidity = 75 |year humidity = 80 |source 1 = Warld Meteorological Organization.,<ref name="WMO">[http://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01078.htm Climate Information for Recife] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522081145/http://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01078.htm |date=2013-05-22 }}, World Weather Information Service, accessed 05 May 2012.</ref> Hong Kong Observatory (sun only 1961-1990) <ref name="HKO">[http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/recife_e.htm Climatological Information for Recife, Brazil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026200705/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/s_america/brazil/recife_e.htm |date=2013-10-26 }}, Hong Kong Observatory, accessed 05 May 2012.</ref> |source 2 = Weatherbase (record highs, lows and humidity) <ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99828&refer=&units=metric |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Recife |accessdate= |date=July 2011 |archive-date=2021-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502043016/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=99828&refer=&units=metric |url-status=dead }}</ref> |date=August 2010 }} ==Notable fowk== *[[Junior Assuncao]], mixed martial airtist. *[[Jaqueline Carvalho]], Professional Volleybaw Player. *[[Manuel Bandeira]], poet an writer. *[[Guilherme Berenguer]], actor. *[[Francisco Brennand]], sculptor, painter an ceramist. *[[Romero Britto]], Sculptor an painter. *[[Josué de Castro]], humanist an writer. *[[Nelson Ferreira]], componer an muisicker. *[[Paulo Freire]], eddicator, poet an writer. *[[Gilberto Freyre]], sociologist, poet an writer. *[[Bruno Garcia]], actor. *[[Lenine (muisicker)|Lenine]], componer. *[[José Leite Lopes]], pheesicist. *[[Antônio Maria]], componer. *[[Joaquim Nabuco]], writer, jurnalist an diplomat. *[[Marco Nanini]], actor. *[[João Cabral de Melo Neto]], poet an writer. *[[Otto]], composer. *[[Juninho Pernambucano]], fitbawer. *[[Fred Zero Quatro]], componer. *[[Robyn Regehr]], ice hockey player. *[[Rivaldo]], fitbawer. *[[Nelson Rodrigues]], poet an writer. *[[Mário Schenberg]], electrical engineer, pheesicist, airt critic an writer. *[[Chico Science]], componer. *[[Bezerra da Silva]], componer. *[[Alceu Valença]], componer. *[[Naná Vasconcelos]], componer. *[[Vavá]], fitbawer. *[[Walter Wanderley]], organist an pianist. ==Sister ceeties== Recife's [[sister ceeties]] are:<ref name="sister">{{cite web |url=http://www.recife.pe.gov.br/2007/07/03/mat_144821.php |title=Mayor's International Council Sister Cities Program |publisher=Recife, Pernambuco |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"| |- ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Kintra ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:140px;"| Ceety ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:150px;"| State / Region ! ! style="background:#3399EE; color:white; width:40px;"| Syne |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] |! !| [[File:PRT.png|25px]] [[Porto]] |! !| [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|25px]] [[Norte Region]] |! !| 1987 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|France}} [[Fraunce]] |! !| [[File:Blason Nantes.svg|25px]] [[Nantes]] |! !| [[Pays de la Loire]] |! !| 2003 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|China}} [[Cheenae]] |! !| [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|25px|]] [[Guangzhou]] |! !| [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px|]] [[Guangdong]] |! !| 2007 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] |! !| [[File:Amsterdam.svg|25px|]] [[Amsterdam]] |! !| [[File:Flag of North Holland.svg|25px|]] [[North Holland]] |! !| 1900 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Unitit States]] |! !| [[File:Seal of Dallas.svg|25px|]] [[Dallas]] |! !| [[File:Flag of Texas.svg|25px|]] [[Texas]] |! !| 1948 |- style="color:black; background:white;" |! !| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] |! !| [[File:Escudo de A Coruña.svg|25px|]] [[A Coruña]] |! !| [[File:Flag of Galicia.svg|25px|]] [[Galicia]] |! !| ? |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Sister project links|Recife|voy=Recife}} '''Offeecial''' * {{pt icon}} [http://www.recife.pe.gov.br/ Official homepage] '''Tourism''' {{Caipitals o Brazilian states}} {{BrazilLairgestCeeties}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Recife}} [[Category:Recife|*]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Pernambuco]] [[Category:State caipitals in Brazil]] [[Category:Port ceeties in Brazil]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1537]] [[Category:Historic Jewish commonties]] [[Category:Municipalities in Pernambuco]] 8sny3atb44ri5adqgix0iacnuoiy3q1 0 54282 919023 852249 2026-07-05T01:38:53Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Taxobox |name=''Sequoiadendron giganteum'' |status=EN |status_system=iucn3.1 |status_ref=<ref>Schmid, R. & Farjon, A. 2013. Sequoiadendron giganteum. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 13 July 2013.</ref> |image=Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg |image_width=240px |image_caption=The "[[Grizzly Giant]]" tree in [[Mariposa Grove]], [[Yosemite Naitional Pairk]] |regnum=[[Plant]]ae |divisio=[[Pinophyta]] |classis=[[Pinopsida]] |ordo=[[Pinales]] |familia=[[Cupressaceae]] |subfamilia=[[Sequoioideae]] |genus=''[[Sequoiadendron]]'' |species='''''S. giganteum''''' |binomial=''Sequoiadendron giganteum'' |binomial_authority=([[John Lindley|Lindl.]]) [[John Theodore Buchholz|J.Buchh.]] |range_map = Sequoiadendron giganteum levila.png }} '''''Sequoiadendron giganteum''''' ('''giant sequoia''', '''giant reidwid''', '''Sierra reidwid''', '''Sierran reidwid''', or '''Wellingtonia''') is the sole livin species in the genus ''[[Sequoiadendron]]'', an ane o three species o [[conifer]]ous [[tree]]s kent as [[Reidwid (disambiguation)|reidwids]], classified in the faimily [[Cupressaceae]] in the subfaimily [[Callitroideae|Sequoioideae]], thegither wi ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]'' (coast reidwid) an ''[[Metasequoia|Metasequoia glyptostroboides]]'' (dawn reidwid). The common uise o the name "sequoia" generally refers tae ''Sequoiadendron giganteum'' which occurs naiturally anly in groves on the wastren slopes o the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] Muntains o Californie. It is named efter [[Sequoyah]] (1767–1843), the inventor o the Cherokee syllabary. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Americana Poster|Sequoia Gigantea}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070309182252/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/plants_and_algae/Sequoiadendron_giganteum/ ARKive: ''Sequoiadendron giganteum''], arkive.org * [http://www.pinetum.org/cones/Sequoiadendron.htm Arboretum de Villardebelle - photos o cones & shuits wi phenology notes], pinetum.org * [http://www.nps.gov/seki/naturescience/fic_abstr21.htm Giant Sequoia Fire History in Mariposa Grove, Yosemite Naitional Pairk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602005309/http://www.nps.gov/seki/naturescience/fic_abstr21.htm |date=2014-06-02 }}, nps.gov * [http://www.savetheredwoods.org/ Save-the-Redwoods League], savethewoods.org * [http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/sequoias_of_yosemite/ "Sequoias of Yosemite National Park"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529140354/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/sequoias_of_yosemite/ |date=2013-05-29 }} 1949 bi James W. McFarland * [http://www.redwoodworld.co.uk/ Redwoodworld.co.uk] giant reidwids in the U.K. * [http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/scenes_of_wonder_and_curiosity/calaveras_big_trees.html#page_10 Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California (1862) – The Mammoth Trees Of Calaveras] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209015840/http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/scenes_of_wonder_and_curiosity/calaveras_big_trees.html#page_10 |date=2013-02-09 }}, yosemite.ca.us * Short radio episode [https://web.archive.org/web/20040523194932/http://californialegacy.org/radio_anthology/scripts/muir.html Woody Gospel Letter] in that [[John Muir]] extols "King Sequoia" frae ''The Life and Letters of John Muir'', 1924. [[California Legacy Project]]. * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Sequoia |short=x}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130216103128/http://conifersaroundtheworld.com/blog/sequoiadendron_giganteum_giant_sequoia Conifers Around the World: Sequoiadendron giganteum - Giant Sequoia]. * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu_QKfDKelM Giants of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park], On ''YouTube'' bi Sequoia Parks Conservancy * {{YouTube|2E7LWqqprTc|Video an commentar on the cones and bark chairactereestics}} [[Category:Sequoiadendron|giganteum]] [[Category:Flora o the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)]] [[Category:Trees o Californie]] [[Category:Trees o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Seembols o Californie]] [[Category:Unitit States state plants]] [[Category:Gairden plants o North Americae]] [[Category:Ornamental trees]] [[Category:Endangered flora o Californie]] n6syqg2s8zdbmqd4nhtk8ew2bh3agcf 0 71339 919019 832117 2026-07-04T23:15:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |context=north |title=Rangnang-guyŏk |img= |imgcaption=[[Moranbong Park]] |hanja={{linktext|樂|浪|區|域}} |hangul=락랑구역 |rr=Nangnang-guyeok |mr=Rangnang-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=9 ''dong'', 9 ''ri'' |map= }} '''Rangnang-guyŏk''' is ane o the 19 ''kuyŏk'' that constitute the ceety o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. It is locatit sooth o the [[Taedong River]], an is bordered tae the north bi [[Songyo-guyok]], tae the east bi the [[Ryokpo-guyok]], an tae the sooth bi [[Chunghwa Coonty|Chunghwa]] an [[Kangnam Coonty|Kangnam coonties]]. ==History== The [[Lelang Commandery]] wis, accordin tae the ''[[Beuk o Han]]'', componit o 27 destricts an haed a population o ower 406,748 fowk. Locatit on the Taedong River at the approximate location o modren Pyongyang, aircheological evidence suggests that the seat o the commandery haed been muivit tae this destrict here efter the destruction o [[Wanggeom-seong]], the auld Koguryo caipital at Pyongyang an is claimit tae hae been oreeginal seat o the Lelang commandery.<ref>{{cite beuk|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QxztLeLoVkQC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA160&dq=Torii+Ryuzo+Lelang&source=bl&ots=9jDP_42m8h&sig=HtNd6TrfZtskS2V983LLBxTQy_I&hl=en&ei=miCzTffSGefjiALUktivBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum|title=Constructing Korean Origins: A critical review of archaeology, historiography, and racial myth in Korean state-forming theories|author=Pai, Hyung Il|year=2000|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=067400244X|page=160|}}</ref> Durin the Japanese colonial period, the aurie wis pairt o [[Taedong]]. As Pyongyang grew an annexed mony umwhile pairts o Taedong Coonty, the aurie wis later split up Pyongyang's Dong-guyok, Kangnam-gun, an Chunghwa-gun. Nakrang-guyok wis offeecially creatit as a separate destrict in 1959. The destrict is famous for the lairge nummer o Koguryo tombs which litter the aurie, mony o which wur first discovered bi the Japanese in the early 1910s (see [[Nakrang Tombs]]). Japanese airchaeologists Torrii Ryuzo an Imanishi Ryu, in pairticular, wur instrumental in the tomb excavations an in identifeein the Nakrang Earthen Castle in Tosong-ri as the seat o the commandery. Ower 1,500 tombs in aw hae been locatit, wi saxty-three alane locatit in juist ane destrict (Chongbaek-dong).<ref>http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/cul/cul_view.jsp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202091909/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/cul/cul_view.jsp |date=2008-12-02 }}, search 정백동제62호묘</ref> Housomeivver, North Korea claims that aw tombs are in fact o the [[Koguryo]] period, as it denies the existence o the Cheenese dounset o Lelang, claimin it wis a Koguryo ceety-state, an that the thoosans o Cheenese airtifacts merely represent the burgeonin trade that the State o Nakrang haed wi the Han.<ref>{{cite beuk|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-bHkI4cEc1QC&pg=PA8&dq=chinese+official's+tombs+dotted+around+modern+pyongyang+contained+paintings&hl=en&ei=9_crTaY9wffwBt7_tI0J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=the%20biggest%20commandery%20free%20with%20%20four%20under%20population%20tuman&f=false|title=BRADT TRAVEL GUIDE NORTH KOREA, THE|author=Robert Willoughby|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|location=|isbn=1-84162-219-2|page=7|accessdate=2011-01-09}}</ref> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Nakrang-guyok is dividit intae nine admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (neebourheid)|dong]], as wells as nine veelages ("ri"). The lairger five dong (Chongbaek, Chongo, Kwanmun, Nakrang, an Tongil) are further dividit in twae pairts for admeenistrative purposes, which Chungsong-dong is dividit intae three.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i018.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-04-01 |archive-date=2014-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311235947/http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i018.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja]] |- |Jongbaek-dong||정백동||{{linktext|貞|栢|洞}} |- |Jongo-dong||정오동||{{linktext|貞|梧|洞}} |- |Chungsong-dong||충성동||{{linktext|忠誠|洞}} |- |Kwanmun-dong||관문동||{{linktext|關門|洞}} |- |Rangnang-dong||락랑동||{{linktext|樂|浪|洞}} |- |Tongil-dong||통일동||{{linktext|統一|洞}} |- |Tongsan-dong||동산동||{{linktext|東|山|洞}} |- |Tudan-dong||두단동||{{linktext|斗|團|洞}} |- |Wonam-dong||원암동||{{linktext|猿|岩|洞}} |- |Chungdan-ri||중단리||{{linktext|中|端|里}} |- |Kingol-ri||긴골리||{{linktext|긴|골|里}} |- |Kumdae-ri||금대리||{{linktext|今|大|里}} |- |Namsa-ri||남사리||{{linktext|南|寺|里}} |- |Posong-ri||보성리||{{linktext|甫|城|里}} |- |Pyokjido-ri||벽지도리||{{linktext|碧|只|島|里}} |- |Ryongho-ri||룡호리||{{linktext|龍|湖|里}} |- |Ryuso-ri||류소리||{{linktext|柳|巢|里}} |- |Songnam-ri||송남리||{{linktext|松|南|里}} |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} {{coord|38|57|36|N|125|41|24|E|region:KP-01_type:city_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] a5c4cgfjo9oe9ltty6ndpsld0gpazhb 0 71342 918948 865168 2026-07-04T12:15:06Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement | name = {{raise|0.1em|Kangnam Coonty}} | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|강남군}}}} | native_name_lang = ko | settlement_type = [[Leet o seicont-level admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|Coonty]] | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type1 = Hangul | translit_lang1_info1 = {{linktext|강|남|군}} | translit_lang1_type2 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info2 = {{linktext|江|南|郡}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}} | translit_lang1_info3 = Kangnam-gun | translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}} | translit_lang1_info4 = Gangnam-gun | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | mapsize = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|North Korea}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Korea|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongan]] | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | parts_type = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea|Admeenistrative divisions]] | parts = 1 ''up'', 18 ''ri'' | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = }} '''Kangnam Coonty''' is a coonty o [[Pyongyang]], North Korea. It is north-wast o [[Songrim]], north-east o [[Hwangju]] Coonty, wast o [[Chunghwa Coonty]], an sooth o [[Nakrang-guyok]], [[Pyongyang]]. It is the location o cooperative ferms an smawer industrial complexes. It became pairt o [[Pyongyang]] in Mey 1963, when it wis separatit frae [[Sooth Pyŏngan]]. In 2010, it wis admeenistratively reassigned frae Pyongyang tae North Hwanghae; foreign media attributit the chynge as a attempt tae relieve shortages in Pyongyang's fuid distribution seestem.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201007160470.html|periodical=[[Asahi Shinbun]]|date=2010-07-17|accessdate=2010-07-19|title=Pyongyang now more than one-third smaller; food shortage issues suspected|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120526204201/http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201007160470.html|archivedate=2012-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> Ane year later, it wis reincorporatit intae Pyongyang. ==Diveesions== The coonty is dividit intae ane toun (up), an 18 'ri' (veelages).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i020.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-04-01 |archive-date=2014-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826180140/http://nk.joins.com/map/view.asp?idx=i020.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| |valign="top"| * Kangnam-up <br> 강남읍/{{linktext|江|南|邑}} * Changgyo-ri <br> 장교리/{{linktext|長|橋|里}} * Isan-ri <br> 이산리/{{linktext|二|山|里}} * Kanchon-ri <br> 간천리/{{linktext|間|川|里}} * Kochon-ri <br> 고천리/{{linktext|古|川|里}} * Koup-ri <br> 고읍리/{{linktext|古邑|里}} * Majong-ri <br> 마정리/{{linktext|馬|井|里}} * Munam-ri <br> 문암리/{{linktext|文|岩|里}} * Ryonggok-ri <br> 룡곡리/{{linktext|龍|谷|里}} * Ryonggyo-ri <br> 룡교리/{{linktext|龍|橋|里}} |valign="top"| * Ryongpo-ri <br> 룡포리/{{linktext|龍|浦|里}} * Ryupo-ri <br> 류포리/{{linktext|柳|浦|里}} * Sangam-ri <br> 상암리/{{linktext|上|岩|里}} * Sinhung-ri <br> 신흥리/{{linktext|新|興|里}} * Sinjong-ri <br> 신정리/{{linktext|新|井|里}} * Sokho-ri <br> 석호리/{{linktext|石|湖|里}} * Tanggok-ri <br> 당곡리/{{linktext|唐|谷|里}} * Tongjong-ri <br> 동정리/{{linktext|東|井|里}} * Yongjin-ri <br> 영진리/{{linktext|英|進|里}} |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} {{coord missing|North Korea}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] [[Category:Coonties o North Korea]] ck6dwqavwtznrhhckdi5hpow5ayysge 0 73529 918953 918709 2026-07-04T14:16:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} In [[biology]], a '''lipid''' is a substance o biological oreegin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=lipids|url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/html/L/L03571.html|title= Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the "Gold Book")|edition= 2nd |publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications|editor1=McNaught, A. D.|editor2=Wilkinson, A.|place= Oxford |year=1997|isbn=0-9678550-9-8|doi=10.1351/goldbook}}</ref> It comprises a group o naiturally occurrin [[molecule]]s that include [[fat]]s, [[waux]]es, [[sterol]]s, fat-soluble [[vitamin]]s (sic as vitamins A, D, E, an K), [[monoglyceride]]s, [[diglyceride]]s, [[triglyceride]]s, an [[phospholipid]]s. The main biological functions o lipids include storin energy, [[lipid seegnalin|seegnalin]], an actin as structural components o [[cell membrane]]s.<ref name="Fahy 2009"/><ref name="Subramaniam 2011">{{cite journal | vauthors = Subramaniam S, Fahy E, Gupta S, Sud M, Byrnes RW, Cotter D, Dinasarapu AR, Maurya MR | title = Bioinformatics and systems biology of the lipidome | journal = Chemical Reviews | volume = 111 | issue = 10 | pages = 6452–90 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21939287 | pmc = 3383319 | doi = 10.1021/cr200295k }}</ref> Lipids hae applications in the cosmetic an fuid [[industry sector|industries]] as weel as in [[nanotechnology]].<ref name="Mashaghi 2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mashaghi S, Jadidi T, Koenderink G, Mashaghi A | title = Lipid nanotechnology | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 4242–82 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23429269 | pmc = 3588097 | doi = 10.3390/ijms14024242 }} {{open access}}</ref> Scientists whiles broadly define lipids as [[Hydrophobe|hydrophobic]] or [[Amphiphile|amphiphilic]] smaw molecules; the amphiphilic naitur o some lipids allous them tae form structurs sic as [[vesicle (biology)|vesicles]], multilamellar/[[unilamellar liposome]]s, or membranes in an aqueous environment. Biological lipids originate entirely or in pairt frae twa distinct teeps o biochemical subunits or "biggin-blocks": ketoacyl an [[isoprene]] groups.<ref name="Fahy 2009"/> Uisin this approach, lipids mey be dividit intae aicht categories: [[fatty acid]]s, [[glycerolipid]]s, [[glycerophospholipid]]s, [[sphingolipid]]s, [[saccharolipid]]s, an [[polyketide]]s (derived frae condensation o ketoacyl subunits); an sterol lipids an prenol lipids (derived frae condensation o isoprene subunits).<ref name="Fahy 2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Murphy RC, Nishijima M, Raetz CR, Shimizu T, Spener F, van Meer G, Wakelam MJ, Dennis EA | title = Update of the LIPID MAPS comprehensive classification system for lipids | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 50 Suppl | issue = S1 | pages = S9-14 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19098281 | pmc = 2674711 | doi = 10.1194/jlr.R800095-JLR200 }}</ref> Awtho the term "lipid" is whiles uised as a synonym for [[fat]]s, fats are a subgroup o lipids cried [[triglyceride]]s. Lipids an aa encompass molecules sic as [[fatty acid]]s an thair derivatives (includin [[triglyceride|tri-]], [[diglyceride|di-]], [[monoglyceride]]s, an [[phospholipid]]s), as weel as ither [[sterol]]-conteenin [[metabolite]]s sic as [[cholesterol]].<ref name="Michelle 1993">{{cite book |vauthors=Michelle A, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW, Johnson S, Warner MQ, LaHart D, Wright JD |title=Human Biology and Health |url=https://archive.org/details/humanbiologyheal00scho |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1993 |location=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA |isbn=978-0-13-981176-0}}</ref> Awtho humans an ither mammals uise various [[metabolism|biosynthetic pathwey]]s baith tae brak doun an tae synthesize lipids, some essential lipids canna be made this wey an maun be obtained frae the diet. ==History== In 1815, [[Henry Braconnot]] clessifee'd lipids (''graisses'') in twa categories, ''suifs'' (solit creashes or tauch) and ''huiles'' (fluid iles).<ref>Braconnot, H. Sur la nature des corps gras. ''Annales de chimie'', 31 Mars 1815, 2 Sér., t. XCIII, p. 225-277. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6568590p/f229.item link].</ref> In 1823, [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]] developit a mair detailed clessification, includin iles, creashes, tauch, wauxes, rosets, balsams an volatile iles (or essential iles).<ref>Chevreul, M. E. ''Recherches sur les corps gras d'origine animale''. Levrault, Paris, 1823. [https://books.google.com/books?id=r46rnl27h70C link].</ref><ref name="leray_2012">Leray, C. (2012). ''Introduction to Lipidomics''. Boca Raton: CRC Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=u710vE5IgrgC link].</ref><ref>Leray, C. 2015. Introduction, History and Evolution. In: ''Lipids. Nutrition and health''. Boca Raton: CRC Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lJXaBAAAQBAJ link].</ref> The wird "lipid", that stems etymologically frae the Greek ''lipos'' (fat), wis introduced in 1923 bi [[Gabriel Bertrand]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bertrand G | year = 1923 | title = Projet de reforme de la nomenclature de Chimie biologique | url = | journal = Bulletin de la Société de Chimie Biologique | volume = 5 | issue = | pages = 96–109 }}</ref> Bertrands includit in the concept nae anerly the tradeetional fats (glycerides), but an aw the "lipoids", wi a complex constitution.<ref name="leray_2012"/> ==Categories o lipids== ===Fatty acids=== [[File:Prostacyclin-2D-skeletal.png|thumb|[[Prostacyclin|I₂ - Prostacyclin]] (an ensaumple o a [[prostaglandin]], an eicosanoid fatty acid)]] [[Image:Leukotriene B4.svg|right|thumb|[[Leukotriene B4|LTB₄]] (an example o a [[leukotriene]], an eicosanoid fatty acid)]] [[Fatty acids]], or fatty acid residues whan thay are pairt o a lipid, are a diverse group o molecules synthesised bi cheen-elangation o an [[acetyl-CoA]] primer wi [[malonyl-CoA]] or [[methylmalonyl-CoA]] groups in a process cried [[fatty acid synthesis]].<ref name="Vance 2002"/><ref name="Brown 2007"/> Thay are made o a [[hydrocarbon chain]] that terminates wi a [[carboxylic acid]] group; this arrangement confers the molecule wi a [[chemical polarity|polar]], [[hydrophilic]] end, an a nonpolar, [[hydrophobic]] end that is [[solubility|insoluble]] in watter. The fatty acid structur is ane o the maist fundamental categories o biological lipids, an is commonly uised as a biggin-block o mair structurally complex lipids. The caurbon cheen, teepically atween fower an 24 caurbons lang,<ref name="Hunt 1995"/> mey be saturatit or [[unsaturatit compoond|unsaturatit]], an mey be attached tae [[functional group]]s conteenin [[oxygen]], [[halogen]]s, [[nitrogen]], an [[sulfur]]. ===Glycerolipids=== Glycerolipids are componed o mono-, di-, an tri-substitutit [[glycerol]]s,<ref name="Coleman 2004"/> the best-kent bein the fatty acid [[esters|triesters]] o glycerol, cried [[triglycerides]]. The wird "triacylglycerol" is whiles uised synonymously wi "triglyceride". In thir compoonds, the three hydroxyl groups o glycerol are ilk esterifee'd, teepically bi different fatty acids. Acause thay function as an energy store, thir lipids comprise the bouk o storage [[fat]] in ainimal tishies. The hydrolysis o the [[ester]] bonds o triglycerides an the release o glycerol an fatty acids frae [[adipose tishie]] are the ineetial steps in metabolisin fat.<ref>[[#Holde|van Holde and Mathews]], pp. 630–31.</ref> ===Glycerophospholipids=== [[File:Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg|thumb|300px|[[Phosphatidylethanolamine]]]] Glycerophospholipids, uisually referred tae as [[phospholipid]]s (tho [[sphingomyelin]]s are an aw classified as phospholipids), are ubiquitous in naitur an are key components o the [[lipid bilayer]] o cells,<ref name="The Structure of a Membrane">{{cite web|title=The Structure of a Membrane|url=http://www.samuelfurse.com/2011/11/the-structure-of-a-membrane/|work=The Lipid Chronicles|accessdate=2011-12-31|archive-date=2016-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610000951/http://www.samuelfurse.com/2011/11/the-structure-of-a-membrane/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as weel as bein involved in [[metabolism]] an [[cell seegnalin]].<ref name="Berridge 1989"/> Neural tishie (includin the harn) conteens relatively heich amounts o glycerophospholipids, an alterations in thair composeetion haes been implicatit in various neurological disorders.<ref name="pmid10878232">{{cite journal | vauthors = Farooqui AA, Horrocks LA, Farooqui T | title = Glycerophospholipids in brain: their metabolism, incorporation into membranes, functions, and involvement in neurological disorders | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_chemistry-and-physics-of-lipids_2000-06_106_1/page/1 | journal = Chemistry and Physics of Lipids | volume = 106 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–29 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10878232 | doi = 10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00128-6 }}</ref> Glycerophospholipids mey be subdividit intae distinct classes, based on the naiture f the polar headgroup at the ''sn''-3 poseetion o the glycerol backbone in [[eukaryote]]s an eubacteria, or the ''sn''-1 poseetion in the case o [[archaebacteria]].<ref name="Ivanova 2007"/> ===Sterol lipids=== Sterol lipids, sic as [[cholesterol]] an its derivatives, are an important component o membrane lipids,<ref name="Bach 2003"/> alang wi the glycerophospholipids an sphingomyelins. The [[steroid]]s, aw derived frae the same fused fower-raing core structur, hae different biological roles as [[hormone]]s an [[seegnalin molecules]]. The aichteen-caurbon (C18) steroids include the [[estrogen]] faimily whauras the C19 steroids comprise the [[androgen]]s sic as [[testosterone]] an [[androsterone]]. The C21 subcless includes the [[progestogens]] as well as the [[glucocorticoid]]s and [[mineralocorticoids]].<ref>[[#Stryer|Stryer ''et al.'']], p. 749.</ref> The [[secosteroid]]s, comprisin various forms o [[vitamin D]], are chairacterised bi cleavage o the B raing o the core structur.<ref name="Bouillon 2006"/> Ither ensaumples o [[sterol]]s are the [[bile acid]]s an thair conjugates,<ref name="Russell 2003"/> that in mammals are oxidised derivatives o cholesterol an are synthesised in the liver. The plant equivalents are the [[phytosterols]], sic as [[β-sitosterol]], [[stigmasterol]], an [[brassicasterol]]; the latter compoond is an aw uised as a [[biomerker]] for [[algae|algal]] growthe.<ref name="Villinski 2008"/> The predominant sterol in [[fungi|fungal]] cell membranes is [[ergosterol]].<ref name="Deacon 2005"/> ===Prenol lipids=== [[File:Geraniol structure.png|thumb|Prenol lipid (2E-geraniol)]] [[Prenol]] lipids are synthesised frae the five-caurbon-unit precursors [[isopentenyl diphosphate]] an [[dimethylallyl diphosphate]] that are produced mainly via the [[mevalonic acid]] (MVA) pathwey.<ref name="Kuzuyama 2003"/> The simple isoprenoids (linear alcohols, diphosphates, etc.) are formed bi the successive addeetion o C5 units, an are clessifee'd accordin tae nummer o thir [[terpene]] units. Structurs conteenin greater nor 40 caurbons are kent as polyterpenes. [[Carotenoid]]s are important semple isoprenoids that function as [[antioxidant]]s an as precursors o [[vitamin A]].<ref name="Rao 2007"/> Anither biologically important cless o molecules is ensaumplifee'd bi the [[quinone]]s and [[hydroquinone]]s, that conteen an isoprenoid tail attached tae a quinonoid core o nan-isoprenoid oreegin.<ref name="Brunmark 1989"/> [[Vitamin E]] and [[vitamin K]], as well as the [[ubiquinone]]s, are ensaumples o this class. Prokaryotes synthesize polyprenols (cried [[bactoprenol]]s) in that the terminal isoprenoid unit attached tae oxygen remains unsaturatit, whauras in ainimal polyprenols ([[dolichol]]s) the terminal isoprenoid is reduced.<ref name="Swiezewska 2005"/> ===Saccharolipids=== [[File:Kdo2-lipidA.png|thumb|right|300px|Structur o the saccharolipid Kdo₂-lipid A.<ref name="Raetz 2006"/> [[Glucosamine]] residues in blue, [[3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid|Kdo]] residues in reid, [[acyl]] chains in reid an [[phosphate]] groups in green.]] [[Saccharolipid]]s descrive compounds in that fatty acids are airtit directly tae a succar backbane, formin structurs that are compatible wi membrane bilayers. In the saccharolipids, a [[monosaccharide]] substitutes for the glycerol backbane present in glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. The maist familiar saccharolipids are the acylated [[glucosamine]] precursors o the [[lipid A|Lipid&nbsp;A]] component o the [[lipopolysaccharide]]s in [[Gram-negative bacteria]]. Teepical lipid&nbsp;A molecules are [[disaccharides]] o glucosamine, that are derivatised wi as many as seiven fatty-acyl chains. The meenimal lipopolysaccharide required for growthe in [[Escherichia coli|''E. coli'']] is Kdo₂-Lipid A, a hexa-acylatit disaccharide o glucosamine that is glycosylated wi two 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residues.<ref name="Raetz 2006"/> ===Polyketides=== Polyketides are synthesised bi polymerisation o [[acetyl]] an [[Propionyl-CoA|propionyl]] subunits bi clessic enzymes as weel as iterative an multimodular enzymes that share mechanistic featurs wi the [[fatty acid synthase]]s. Thay comprise a lairge nummer o [[seicontar metabolite]]s an [[naitural products]] frae ainimal, plant, bacterial, fungal an marine soorces, an hae great structural diversity.<ref name="Walsh 2004"/><ref name="Caffrey 2008"/> Mony [[polyketide]]s are cyclic molecules that's backbanes are eften faur modifee'd bi [[glycosylation]], [[methylation]], [[hydroxylation]], [[oxidation]], or ither processes. Mony commonly uised [[anti-microbial]], [[anti-parasitic]], an [[anti-cancer]] agents are polyketides or polyketide derivatives, sic as [[erythromycin]]s, [[tetracycline antibiotics|tetracyclines]], [[avermectin]]s, an antitumor [[epothilone]]s.<ref name="Minto 2008"/> ==Metabolism== The major dietar lipids for humans an ither ainimals are ainimal an plant triglycerides, sterols, an membrane phospholipids. The process o lipid metabolism synthesizes an degrades the lipid stores an produces the structural an functional lipids chairactereestic o individual tishies. ===Biosynthesis=== In ainimals, whan thare is an owersupply o dietar carbohydrate, the excess carbohydrate is convertit tae triglycerides. This involves the synthesis o fatty acids frae acetyl-CoA an the esterification o fatty acids in the production o triglycerides, a process cried [[lipogenesis]].<ref>[[#Stryer|Stryer ''et al.'']], p. 634.</ref> Fatty acids are made bi [[fatty acid synthase]]s that polymerise an then reduce acetyl-CoA units. The acyl cheens in the fatty acids are extendit bi a cycle o reactions that add the acetyl group, reduce it tae an alcohol, [[dehydration reaction|dehydrate]] it tae an [[alkene]] group an then reduce it again tae an [[alkane]] group. The enzymes o fatty acid biosynthesis are dividit intae twa groups, in ainimals an fungi aw thir fatty acid synthase reactions are cairied oot bi a single multifunctional protein,<ref name="Chirala 2004"/> while in plant [[plastid]]s an bacteria separate enzymes perform ilk step in the pathwey.<ref name="White 2005"/><ref name="Ohlrogge 1997"/> The fatty acids mey be subsequently convertit tae triglycerides that are packaged in [[lipoproteins]] an secretit frae the liver. The synthesis o [[unsaturatit fatty acid]]s involves a [[desaturase|desaturation]] reaction, whaurbi a dooble bond is introduced intae the fatty acyl cheen. For example, in humans, the desaturation o [[stearic acid]] bi [[stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1]] produces [[oleic acid]]. The doobly unsaturatit fatty acid [[linoleic acid]] as weel as the treeply unsaturatit [[alpha-Linolenic acid|α-linolenic acid]] canna be synthesised in mammalian tishies, an are tharefore [[essential fatty acid]]s an maun be obteened frae the diet.<ref name="Stryer et al., p. 643">[[#Stryer|Stryer ''et al.'']], p. 643.</ref> Triglyceride synthesis taks place in the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] bi metabolic pathweys in that acyl groups in fatty acyl-CoAs are transferred tae the hydroxyl groups o glycerol-3-phosphate an diacylglycerol.<ref>[[#Stryer|Stryer ''et al.'']], pp. 733–739.</ref> [[Terpene]]s an [[terpenoid|isoprenoids]], includin the [[carotenoid]]s, are made bi the assemmly an modification o [[isoprene]] units donatit frae the reactive precursors [[isopentenyl pyrophosphate]] an [[dimethylallyl pyrophosphate]].<ref name="Kuzuyama 2003"/> Thir precursors can be made in different weys. In ainimals an [[archaea]], the [[mevalonate pathwey]] produces thir compoonds frae acetyl-CoA,<ref name="Grochowski 2006"/> while in plants an bacteria the [[non-mevalonate pathwey]] uises pyruvate an [[glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate]] as substrates.<ref name="Kuzuyama 2003"/><ref name="Lichtenthaler 1999"/> Ane important reaction that uises these activatit isoprene donors is [[steroid biosynthesis]]. Here, the isoprene units are jynt thegither tae mak [[squalene]] an then fauldit up an formed intae a set o raings tae mak [[lanosterol]].<ref name="Schroepfer 1981"/> Lanosterol can then be convertit intae ither steroids sic as [[cholesterol]] an [[ergosterol]].<ref name="Schroepfer 1981"/><ref name="Lees 1995"/> ===Degradation=== [[Beta oxidation]] is the metabolic process bi that fatty acids are braken doun in the [[mitochondria]] or in [[peroxisomes]] tae generate [[acetyl-CoA]]. For the maist pairt, fatty acids are oxidised bi a mechanism that is seemilar tae, but nae identical wi, a reversal o the process o fatty acid synthesis. That is, twa-caurbon fragments are remuived sequentially frae the carboxyl end o the acid after steps o [[dehydrogenation]], [[hydration reaction|hydration]], an [[oxidation]] tae form a [[keto acid|beta-keto acid]], that is split bi [[thiolysis]]. The acetyl-CoA is then ultimately convertit intae [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]], CO₂, an H₂O uising the [[citric acid cycle]] an the [[electron transport chain]]. Hence the citric acid cycle can start at acetyl-CoA whan fat is bein braken doun for energy if thare is little or na glucose available. The energy yield o the complete oxidation o the fatty acid palmitate is 106 ATP.<ref>[[#Stryer|Stryer ''et al.'']], pp. 625–626.</ref> Unsaturatit an odd-cheen fatty acids require addeetional enzymatic steps for degradation. ==References== {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="Bach 2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bach D, Wachtel E | title = Phospholipid/cholesterol model membranes: formation of cholesterol crystallites | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1610 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–97 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12648773 | doi = 10.1016/S0005-2736(03)00017-8 }}</ref> <ref name="Berridge 1989">{{cite journal | vauthors = Berridge MJ, Irvine RF | title = Inositol phosphates and cell signalling | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1989-09-21_341_6239/page/n65 | journal = Nature | volume = 341 | issue = 6239 | pages = 197–205 | date = September 1989 | pmid = 2550825 | doi = 10.1038/341197a0 }}</ref> <ref name="Bouillon 2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C, Van Cromphaut S, Masuyama R, Dehaes P, Carmeliet G | title = Vitamin D resistance | journal = Best Practice & Research. 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antibiotics: modularity and versatility | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2004-03-19_303_5665/page/1804 | journal = Science | volume = 303 | issue = 5665 | pages = 1805–10 | date = March 2004 | pmid = 15031493 | doi = 10.1126/science.1094318 }}</ref> <ref name="White 2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = White SW, Zheng J, Zhang YM | title = The structural biology of type II fatty acid biosynthesis | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-biochemistry_2005_74/page/791 | journal = Annual Review of Biochemistry | volume = 74 | pages = 791–831 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15952903 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133524 }}</ref> }} ===Bibliografie=== * {{cite book|ref=Bhagavan |author=Bhagavan NV|title=Medical Biochemistry |publisher=Harcourt/Academic Press |location=San Diego |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-12-095440-7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=vT9YttFTPi0C&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book|ref=Devlin |author=Devlin TM|title=Textbook of Biochemistry: With Clinical Correlations |edition=4th |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=Chichester |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-471-17053-2}} * {{cite book|ref=Stryer |vauthors=Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL |title=Biochemistry |url=https://archive.org/details/biochemistry0006berg |publisher=W.H. Freeman |location=San Francisco |edition=6th |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7167-8724-2}} * {{cite book |ref=Holde |vauthors=van Holde KE, Mathews CK |title=Biochemistry |url=https://archive.org/details/biochemistry1996math |publisher=Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co |location=Menlo Park, California |edition=2nd |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8053-3931-4}} [[Category:Lipids|*]] [[Category:Unnerwatter divin pheesiology]] cl6hazlv3q2zunob5rxnzatajnbwcig 0 80885 918960 907000 2026-07-04T16:04:21Z Jahoda333 133824 918960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hulk Hogan | image = hulk hogan 2014.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Hogan on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' in Aprile 2014. | birth_name = Terry Gene Bollea | birth_date = 11 August 1953 | birth_place = [[Augusta, Georgie|Augusta]], [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]] | residence = [[Tampa]], [[Florida]] | occupation = [[Professional wrestlin|professional wrestler]], [[actor]], [[televeesion]] personality, [[entrepreneur]], [[muisicker]] | years_active = 1975 <small>(muisicker)</small><br>1973-2011 <small>(wrestler)</small><br> 1977-present <small>(actor)</small> | net_worth = {{gain}} $8 million (2014)<ref>http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/hulk-hogan-net-worth/</ref> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Linda Bollea|Linda Claridge]]|1983|2009}}<br>{{marriage|Jennifer McDaniel|2010}} | children = [[Brooke Hogan|Brooke Ellen Bollea]] {{small|(born Mey 5, 1988)}}<br>[[Nick Hogan|Nicholas Allan Bollea]] {{small|(born Julie 27, 1990)}} | parents = Ruth V. Bollea (née Moody)<br>Peter Bollea | website = [http://www.hulkhogan.com HulkHogan.com] | module = {{Infobox professional wrestler|child=yes | names = Hollywood Hulk Hogan<ref name="OWW">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/h/hulk-hogan.html|title=Hulk Hogan's Profile|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=Online World of Wrestling}}</ref><br>Hollywood Hogan<ref name=james>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552|title=Hulk Hogan|publisher=St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture|author=Patrick Jones|accessdate=2007-10-25|year=2002|archive-date=2012-07-08|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708103256/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>'''Hulk Hogan'''<br>Mr. America<br>Sterling Golden<br>Terry Boulder<ref name="OWW"/><br>The Super Destroyer | height = {{height|ft=6|in=7}}<ref name="WWEBio">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/halloffame/inductees/Hulkhogan/|title=Hulk Hogan's Bio|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2011-03-29}}</ref> | weight = {{convert|302|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="OWW"/> | billed = [[Venice Beach, Californie]]<ref name="WWEBio" /><br />[[Washington, D.C.]] (as Mr. America)<ref>{{cite video|date=2003|title=[[Judgment Day (2003)|Judgment Day 2003]]| medium=DVD|publisher=WWE Home Video}}</ref><br />[[Hollywood, Californie]] (as Hollywood Hogan) | trainer = [[Yasuhiro Kojima]]<ref name="OWW"/> | debut = 1973<ref name="OWW"/> | retired = 2011 }} |death_date= 24 July 2025 (aged 71) |death_place=[[Tampa]], [[Florida]]|death cause=Cardiac Arrest}} '''Terry Gene Bollea'''<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2008/11/23/40000-a-month-not-enough-for-Hogan-wife/UPI-16501227471351/|title=$40,000 a month not enough for Hogan's wife|accessdate=2009-06-26|date=November 23, 2008|publisher=UPI.com}}</ref> (born August 11, 1953; deed Julie 24, 2025), better known as '''Hulk Hogan''', was an American [[professional warsillin|professional warstler]], actor, telly personality, entrepreneur, an muisickwhore. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogan, Hulk}} [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Male actors frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Male actors frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Miami]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male professional warstlers]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Panamanian strynd]] [[Category:American rock bass guitarists]] [[Category:American session muisickers]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Christians]] [[Category:Immortal (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Masked warstlers]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Miami, Florida]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:The New World Order (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi direct sellin]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Augusta, Georgie]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clearwater, Florida]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Perfaisional warstlers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Professional Wrestlin Hall of Fame and Museum]] [[Category:Varsity o Sooth Florida alumni]] [[Category:WWE Hall of Fame]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Augusta, Georgie]] btwp2umga29x8cybik2aa6bzcmoipai 918985 918960 2026-07-04T16:28:21Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi 2A00:23C8:53B2:1A01:9427:96BE:206B:8989 907000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hulk Hogan | image = hulk hogan 2014.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Hogan on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' in Aprile 2014. | birth_name = Terry Gene Bollea | birth_date = 11 August 1953 | birth_place = [[Augusta, Georgie|Augusta]], [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]] | residence = [[Tampa]], [[Florida]] | occupation = [[Professional wrestlin|professional wrestler]], [[actor]], [[televeesion]] personality, [[entrepreneur]], [[muisicker]] | years_active = 1975 <small>(muisicker)</small><br>1973-2011 <small>(wrestler)</small><br> 1977-present <small>(actor)</small> | net_worth = {{gain}} $8 million (2014)<ref>http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/hulk-hogan-net-worth/</ref> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Linda Bollea|Linda Claridge]]|1983|2009}}<br>{{marriage|Jennifer McDaniel|2010}} | children = [[Brooke Hogan|Brooke Ellen Bollea]] {{small|(born Mey 5, 1988)}}<br>[[Nick Hogan|Nicholas Allan Bollea]] {{small|(born Julie 27, 1990)}} | parents = Ruth V. Bollea (née Moody)<br>Peter Bollea | website = [http://www.hulkhogan.com HulkHogan.com] | module = {{Infobox professional wrestler|child=yes | names = Hollywood Hulk Hogan<ref name="OWW">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/h/hulk-hogan.html|title=Hulk Hogan's Profile|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=Online World of Wrestling}}</ref><br>Hollywood Hogan<ref name=james>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552|title=Hulk Hogan|publisher=St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture|author=Patrick Jones|accessdate=2007-10-25|year=2002|archive-date=2012-07-08|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708103256/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>'''Hulk Hogan'''<br>Mr. America<br>Sterling Golden<br>Terry Boulder<ref name="OWW"/><br>The Super Destroyer | height = {{height|ft=6|in=7}}<ref name="WWEBio">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/halloffame/inductees/Hulkhogan/|title=Hulk Hogan's Bio|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2011-03-29}}</ref> | weight = {{convert|302|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="OWW"/> | billed = [[Venice Beach, Californie]]<ref name="WWEBio" /><br />[[Washington, D.C.]] (as Mr. America)<ref>{{cite video|date=2003|title=[[Judgment Day (2003)|Judgment Day 2003]]| medium=DVD|publisher=WWE Home Video}}</ref><br />[[Hollywood, Californie]] (as Hollywood Hogan) | trainer = [[Yasuhiro Kojima]]<ref name="OWW"/> | debut = 1973<ref name="OWW"/> | retired = 2011 }} |death_date= 24 July 2025 (aged 71) |death_place=[[Tampa]], [[Florida]]|death cause=Cardiac Arrest}} '''Terry Gene Bollea'''<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2008/11/23/40000-a-month-not-enough-for-Hogan-wife/UPI-16501227471351/|title=$40,000 a month not enough for Hogan's wife|accessdate=2009-06-26|date=November 23, 2008|publisher=UPI.com}}</ref> (born August 11, 1953; deed Julie 24, 2025), better kent bi his [[ring name]] '''Hulk Hogan''', wis a American [[professional warsillin|professional warstler]], actor, telly personality, entrepreneur, an muisicker. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogan, Hulk}} [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Male actors frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Male actors frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Miami]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male professional warstlers]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Panamanian strynd]] [[Category:American rock bass guitarists]] [[Category:American session muisickers]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Christians]] [[Category:Immortal (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Masked warstlers]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Miami, Florida]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:The New World Order (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi direct sellin]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Augusta, Georgie]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clearwater, Florida]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Perfaisional warstlers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Professional Wrestlin Hall of Fame and Museum]] [[Category:Varsity o Sooth Florida alumni]] [[Category:WWE Hall of Fame]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Augusta, Georgie]] m16umoz6do74eoyrgj7gtppgqn53vgw 919022 918985 2026-07-05T01:27:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 919022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hulk Hogan | image = hulk hogan 2014.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = Hogan on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' in Aprile 2014. | birth_name = Terry Gene Bollea | birth_date = 11 August 1953 | birth_place = [[Augusta, Georgie|Augusta]], [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]] | residence = [[Tampa]], [[Florida]] | occupation = [[Professional wrestlin|professional wrestler]], [[actor]], [[televeesion]] personality, [[entrepreneur]], [[muisicker]] | years_active = 1975 <small>(muisicker)</small><br>1973-2011 <small>(wrestler)</small><br> 1977-present <small>(actor)</small> | net_worth = {{gain}} $8 million (2014)<ref>http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/wrestlers/hulk-hogan-net-worth/</ref> | spouse = {{marriage|[[Linda Bollea|Linda Claridge]]|1983|2009}}<br>{{marriage|Jennifer McDaniel|2010}} | children = [[Brooke Hogan|Brooke Ellen Bollea]] {{small|(born Mey 5, 1988)}}<br>[[Nick Hogan|Nicholas Allan Bollea]] {{small|(born Julie 27, 1990)}} | parents = Ruth V. Bollea (née Moody)<br>Peter Bollea | website = [http://www.hulkhogan.com HulkHogan.com] | module = {{Infobox professional wrestler|child=yes | names = Hollywood Hulk Hogan<ref name="OWW">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/h/hulk-hogan.html|title=Hulk Hogan's Profile|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=Online World of Wrestling}}</ref><br>Hollywood Hogan<ref name=james>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552|title=Hulk Hogan|publisher=St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture|author=Patrick Jones|accessdate=2007-10-25|year=2002|archive-date=2012-07-08|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708103256/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_bio/ai_2419200552/|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>'''Hulk Hogan'''<br>Mr. America<br>Sterling Golden<br>Terry Boulder<ref name="OWW"/><br>The Super Destroyer | height = {{height|ft=6|in=7}}<ref name="WWEBio">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/halloffame/inductees/Hulkhogan/|title=Hulk Hogan's Bio|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2011-03-29}}</ref> | weight = {{convert|302|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="OWW"/> | billed = [[Venice Beach, Californie]]<ref name="WWEBio" /><br />[[Washington, D.C.]] (as Mr. America)<ref>{{cite video|date=2003|title=[[Judgment Day (2003)|Judgment Day 2003]]| medium=DVD|publisher=WWE Home Video}}</ref><br />[[Hollywood, Californie]] (as Hollywood Hogan) | trainer = [[Yasuhiro Kojima]]<ref name="OWW"/> | debut = 1973<ref name="OWW"/> | retired = 2011 }} |death_date= 24 July 2025 (aged 71) |death_place=[[Tampa]], [[Florida]]|death cause=Cardiac Arrest}} '''Terry Gene Bollea'''<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2008/11/23/40000-a-month-not-enough-for-Hogan-wife/UPI-16501227471351/|title=$40,000 a month not enough for Hogan's wife|accessdate=2009-06-26|date=November 23, 2008|publisher=UPI.com}}</ref> (born 11 August 1953; deed 24 Julie 2025), better kent bi his [[ring name]] '''Hulk Hogan''', wis a American [[professional warsillin|professional warstler]], actor, telly personality, entrepreneur, an muisicker. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogan, Hulk}} [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Male actors frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Male actors frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Miami]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male professional warstlers]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Panamanian strynd]] [[Category:American rock bass guitarists]] [[Category:American session muisickers]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Christians]] [[Category:Immortal (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Masked warstlers]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Miami, Florida]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:The New World Order (perfaisional warstlin) members]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi direct sellin]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Augusta, Georgie]] [[Category:Fowk frae Clearwater, Florida]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Tampa, Florida]] [[Category:Perfaisional warstlers frae Georgie (U.S. state)]] [[Category:Professional Wrestlin Hall of Fame and Museum]] [[Category:Varsity o Sooth Florida alumni]] [[Category:WWE Hall of Fame]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Augusta, Georgie]] pqtuygh3e1i3ffmlere7fkhclejrnzn 0 88338 919012 903126 2026-07-04T17:36:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Nikolay Khlibko |image = |caption = |birth_name = Nikolay Selivestrovich Khlibko |birth_date = 28 November 1919 |birth_place = [[Tashkent]], [[Soviet Union]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1993|11|17|1919|11|28|df=y}} |death_place = [[Nizhny Novgorod]] |occupation = [[Actor]] |yearsactive = 1962 - 1990 |Acting Specialization = drama theatre actor, cinema actor |Awards = * [[Honored Airtist o the RSFSR]] (1971) * [[Medal "For Courage" (Roushie)]] }} ''' Nikolay Selivesterovich Khlibko''' ({{lang-ru|Николай Селивестрович Хлибко}}) (28 November 1919 – 17 November 1993) wis a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] an [[Roushie]] theatre an cinema [[actor]]. == Biografie == [[Honored Airtist o the RSFSR]] ([[1971]]).<ref name="drama.nnov.ru">[http://drama.nnov.ru/about/gallery/?ItemID=1969] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326162244/http://drama.nnov.ru/about/gallery/?ItemID=1969 |date=2015-03-26 }} Memory Gallery of [[Nizhny Novgorod Drama Theatre]]</ref> [[Veteran]] o [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)]].<ref name="drama.nnov.ru"/> Nikolay Khlibko wis born on 28 November 1919 in [[Tashkent]]. In 1946 year Nikolay Khlibko feenished Leningrad Theatrical Institute of A. Ostrovsky (Saunt Petersburg State Theatre Airts Academy nowadays).<ref name="drama.nnov.ru"/> 1956 – 1958 years - actor o [http://www.ardt.uz/ Tashkent Russian Drama Theatre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925144302/http://www.ardt.uz/ |date=2014-09-25 }}.<ref>[http://www.orexca.com/rus/theatre_gorkiy.shtml] History of Russian Drama Theatre of Uzbekistan</ref> 1962 – 1990 years - actor o Nizhny Novgorod Drama Theatre.<ref name="drama.nnov.ru"/> Nikolay Khlibko wis a Airtistic Director o the [[Tashkent Polytechnic Institute]] an a Airtistic Director o [http://ntu-nn.ru/ Gorky Theatre Schuil].<ref name="nvspb.ru">[http://www.nvspb.ru/stories/irina-mazurkevich-malenkaya-zarplata-ne-opravdanie-54564] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213305/http://www.nvspb.ru/stories/irina-mazurkevich-malenkaya-zarplata-ne-opravdanie-54564 |date=2014-08-12 }} Students of the theatre about Nikolay Khlibko</ref> Students blandly called him "uncle Kolya". Amang the students o Nicholay Khlibko such well-kent Roushie actors as [[Alexander Pankratov-Chyorny]]<ref>[http://meridian.in.ua/news/15364.html A. Pankratov-Chyorny interview]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/17071/40/Groiisman%2C_Levite_-_Vaclav_Dvorzheckiii___dinastiya.html |title=A. Pankratov-Chyorny calls Nikolay Khlibko as a great actor and the great artistic director in a book of Y.Groysman "Vatslav Dvorzhetsky – dynasty" |access-date=2015-07-27 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925235912/http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/17071/40/Groiisman%2C_Levite_-_Vaclav_Dvorzheckiii___dinastiya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, [[Igor Ledogorov]], [[Julian Kalisher]], [[Irina Mazurkevich]]<ref name="nvspb.ru"/> an ithers. Nikolay Khlibko dee'd on 17 November 1993 in [[Nizhny Novgorod]] acause o the hert attack. == Faimily == Wife: Aelita Khlibko, [[Veteran]] o [[Eastren Front (Warld War II)|Eastren Front]], a Lecturer of the German leid in the past, 25.08.1925 - 05.02.2015 Sons: Vladimir Khlibko, Sergey Khlibko ([[Actor]]) Granddochter: Elena Khlibko ([[Actress]]),<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6353801] IMDb</ref> Vladislav Khlibko == Theatre wirks == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Role !! Spectacle |- | Dudakov || «[[Summerfolk]]», [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Bubnov || «[[The Lower Depths]]», [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Sartakov || «Conscience», D. Pavlova |- | Prosorov || «Chamber», [[Samuil Aleshin]] |- | Salov || «The Wedding Day», [[Viktor Rozov]] |- | Filipp || «Raft», U. Petukhov |- | Joe Keller || «[[All My Sons]]», [[Arthur Miller]] |- | Smolokurov || «On The Mountains», [[Pavel Melnikov-Pechersky]] |- | King || «Ambassador Extraordinary», A.& P.Tur |- | General Kolotov || «Serious Charge», [[Lev Sheynin]] |- | Edward IV || «[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]]», [[William Shakespeare]] |- | Priest|| «[[Mother Courage and Her Children]]», [[Bertolt Brecht]] |- | Kolomiytsev || «The Last», [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Samsonov || «Coast», Yury Bondarev |- | Fob Dostov || «Kleron», M. Gashpar |- | Baptista || «[[The Taming of the Shrew]]», [[William Shakespeare]] |- | Khrukov || «Jokers», [[Alexander Ostrovsky]] |- | Boatswain Bay || «Destruction Of The Squadron», [[Alexander Korkeychuk]] |- | Caretaker Nikita || «Three of Them», [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Gastritis || «Evening», Alexey Dudarev |- | Polivanov || «The Mayor of Lykov», D.Granin |- | Kuchumov || "Mad Money", [[Alexander Ostrovsky]] |- | Bukeev || "Yakov Bogomolov" [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Neputeviy || "On The Busiest Place" [[Alexander Ostrovsky]] |- | Bezbedov || "Life of Klim Samgin" [[Maxim Gorky]] |- | Prisypkin || "[[The Bedbug]]" [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] |- | Lefevr || "Madame Sans Gêne" [[Victorien Sardou]] |} == Filmografie == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year !! Name !! Role |- | 1954 || [[Hoosewairmin]] || Mazaev |- | 1958 || [[Fiery Years]] || Zheleznov (leading part) |- | 1959 || [[Thare Wis a Auld Couple]] || (episode) |- | 1968 || [[Luve o Serefim frolov]] || (episode) |} == Honors an awairds == * [[Honored Airtist o the RSFSR]] (1971) * [[Medal "For Courage" (Roushie)]]<ref>[[Roushie State Militar Archive]]</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://drama.nnov.ru/about/gallery/?ItemID=1969] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326162244/http://drama.nnov.ru/about/gallery/?ItemID=1969 |date=2015-03-26 }} Memory Gallery of [[Nizhny Novgorod Drama Theatre]] * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0451677/ Nikolay Khlibko] on [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] * [http://www.nvspb.ru/stories/irina-mazurkevich-malenkaya-zarplata-ne-opravdanie-54564] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213305/http://www.nvspb.ru/stories/irina-mazurkevich-malenkaya-zarplata-ne-opravdanie-54564 |date=2014-08-12 }} Students of the theatre about Nikolay Khlibko * [http://www.kinopoisk.ru/name/338832/ Nikolay Khlibko] on [[KinoPoisk]] * [http://www.museumnn.ru/televidenie/hudojestvennoe-veshanie] [[GTRK Nizhny Novgorod]] calls Nikolay Khlibko one of the favourite actors of Nizhniy Novgorod public * [http://www.museumnn.ru//radio/radioteatr/462.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414115439/http://www.museumnn.ru//radio/radioteatr/462.html |date=2015-04-14 }} Radio program 15 of [[GTRK Nizhny Novgorod]] from the "Nizhny Novgorod Theater Seasons" radio-series {{DEFAULTSORT:Khlibko, Nikolay}} [[Category:Fowk frae Tashkent]] [[Category:Roushie male film actors]] [[Category:Roushie male stage actors]] [[Category:Soviet male film actors]] [[Category:Soviet male stage actors]] [[Category:20t-hunderyear Roushie male actors]] [[Category:1919 births]] [[Category:1993 daiths]] [[Category:Honored Airtists o RSFSR]] ib7h0m1vk0dy39dygmb3aibsdw7wlmk 0 94678 919020 844607 2026-07-04T23:41:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Robert Mugabe |office = [[Leet o Preses o Zimbabwe|Preses o Zimbabwe]] |image = Mugabecloseup2008.jpg |predecessor = [[Canaan Banana]] |primeminister = [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] {{small|(2009–2013)}} |predecessor = [[Canaan Banana]] |successor = [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] |vicepresident = [[Joshua Nkomo]]<br>[[Simon Muzenda]]<br>[[Joice Mujuru]]<br>[[Joseph Msika]]<br>[[John Nkomo]]<br>[[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]<br>[[Phelekezela Mphoko]] |signature = Signature of Robert Mugabe clear.svg |office2 = 13t [[Chairperson o the African Union]] |predecessor2 = [[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]] |successor2 = [[Idriss Déby]] |party = [[Naitional Democratic Pairty (Zimbabwe)|Naitional Democratic Pairty]] {{small|(1960–1961)}}<br>[[Zimbabwe African Fowk's Union]] {{small|(1961–1963)}}<br>[[Zimbabwe African Naitional Union]] {{small|(1963–1987)}}<br>[[Zimbabwe African Naitional Union – Patriotic Front|Zimbabwe African Naitional Union-Patriotic Front]] {{small|(1987–2017)}} |deputy1 = [[Simon Muzenda]] |office1 = [[Prime Meenister o Zimbabwe]] |predecessor1 = [[Abel Muzorewa]] {{small|([[Prime Meenister o Zimbabwe Rhodesie|Zimbabwe Rhodesie]])}} |president1 = [[Canaan Banana]] |successor1 = [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] {{small|(2009)}} |birth_name = Robert Gabriel Mugabe |birth_date = {{birth date |1924|2|21|}} |birth_place = [[Kutama, Zimbabwe|Kutama]], {{flag|Soothren Rhodesie}}<br>{{small|(nou Zimbabwe)}} |death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|09|06|1924|2|21|df=y}} |death_place = [[Gleneagles Hospital]], [[Singapore]] |spouse = [[Sally Hayfron]] {{small|(1961–1992)}}<br>[[Grace Mugabe|Grace Marufu]] {{small|(1996–2019)}} |children = Nhamodzenyika<br>[[Bona Mugabe|Bona]]<br>Robert Peter<br>Bellarmine Chatunga |alma_mater = [[Varsity o Fort Hare]]<br>[[Varsity o Sooth Africae]]<br>[[Varsity o London Internaitional Programmes|Varsity o Lunnon]] |religion = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]] |nickname = Uncle Bob<ref>{{cite news |last=Onyango-Obbo |first=Charles |date=8 January 2015 |title=Mugabe to become most powerful 91-year-old African; and also region's lion king |url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-01-06-mugabe-to-become-most-powerful-91-year-old-african-and-also-regions-lion-king |newspaper=[[Mail & Guardian]] |accessdate=20 January 2015 |archive-date=2017-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927160643/http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-01-06-mugabe-to-become-most-powerful-91-year-old-african-and-also-regions-lion-king |url-status=dead }}</ref> |allegiance = {{flag|Zimbabwe}} |term_start = 22 December 1987 |term_end = 21 November 2017 |term_start1 = 18 Aprile 1980 |term_end1 = 22 December 1987 |term_start2 = 30 Januar 2015 |term_end2 = 30 Januar 2016 |office3 = Secretar-General o the [[Non-Aligned Muivement]] |term_start3 = 6 September 1986 |term_end3 = 7 September 1989 |predecessor3 = [[Zail Singh]] |successor3 = [[Janez Drnovšek]] }} '''Robert Gabriel Mugabe''' ({{IPAc-en|m|uː|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|b|iː}}; 21 Februar 1924 – 6 September 2019) wis a Zimbabwean politeecian an [[Preses]] o [[Zimbabwe]], servin frae 31 December 1987 tae his demission on 21 November 2017. As ane o the leaders o the rebel groups against [[Dominant minority|white minority rule]], he wis electit as [[Prime meenister]], heid o govrenment, in 1980, an served in that office till 1987-2017, when he acame the kintra's first executive [[heid o state]]. == Reputation == Robert Mugabe is seen bi his supporters as a hero o [[Africae]] Leeberation, while his creetics cite abuses o human richts, poleetical corruption an economic mismanagement unner his rule. ==Illness an Death== Mugabe wis pit intae hospital in Apryle 2019, makin the last oot o mony trips tae [[Singapore]] fur medical treatment, cause he'd duin in end o his term as preses an the follaein months. He dee'd on 6 September 2019. The cause o his deith hasnae been confirmt. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mugabe, Robert}} [[Category:1924 births]] [[Category:2019 daiths]] [[Category:African Union chairpersons]] [[Category:Alumni o Achimota Schuil]] [[Category:Alumni o the Varsity o Lunnon Internaitional Programmes]] [[Category:Annulled Honourar Knichts Grand Cross o the Order o the Bath]] [[Category:Cauld War leaders]] [[Category:Heids o govrenment o Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Internaitional opponents o apartheid in Sooth Africae]] [[Category:Members o the Order o Jamaica]] [[Category:Fowk banned frae enterin the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Prisoners an detainees o Rhodesie]] [[Category:Fowk wi cataracts]] [[Category:Fowk foonert wi cancer]] [[Category:Preses o Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Prime Meenisters o Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Recipients o the Order o José Marti]] [[Category:Roman Catholic heids o govrenment]] [[Category:Secretaries-General o the Non-Aligned Muivement]] [[Category:Varsity o Fort Hare alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Sooth Africae alumni]] [[Category:Zimbabwe African Naitional Liberation Airmy personnel]] [[Category:Zimbabwe African Naitional Union – Patriotic Front politeecians]] [[Category:Zimbabwean communists]] [[Category:Zimbabwean politeecians]] [[Category:Zimbabwean revolutionaries]] [[Category:Zimbabwean Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Pan-Africanists]] o4avbe6sk0jy2lq6kihz3oyhkpftmr4 1 151472 919039 538965 2026-07-05T10:35:27Z ~2026-38258-12 133862 /* Needs more */ new section 919039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Translatit page|En|Bute House}} == Needs more == Is there any way to add more to this? Seems pretty bare bones [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-38258-12|&#126;2026-38258-12]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2026-38258-12|talk]]) 10:35, 5 Julie 2026 (UTC) spfslhxsycmublw63akht0bgbc3etn6 0 155197 919002 907477 2026-07-04T16:34:24Z Jahoda333 133824 919002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{IAST|Tripiṭaka}}''', forby kent as '''Tipiṭaka''' or '''Pali Canon''', is the traditional term fur the Buddhist scripturs.<ref name=britannicatipitaka/><ref>"Buddhist Books and Texts: Canon and Canonization." Lewis Lancaster, ''Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd edition'', pg 1252</ref> Thare are canonical texts revered as exclusively authoritative in [[Theravada]] Buddhism. The [[Mahayana]] Buddhism reveres thaim as authoritative an aa, but, unlik Theravadins, it reveres mony derivative literature an commentaries that war componed much later.<ref name=britannicatipitaka>[http://www.britannica.com/topic/Tipitaka Tipitaka] Encyclopedia Britannica (2015)</ref><ref name="Crandall2012p56">{{cite book|author=Barbara Crandall|title=Gender and Religion, 2nd Edition: The Dark Side of Scripture|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Zq7UAwAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-4871-1 |pages=56–58 }}</ref> == BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripitaka}} [[Category:Tripiṭaka]] 0tggnv7o1iwpxbr2mfcelelvkrhcwrn 919003 919002 2026-07-04T16:34:37Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi DrochaidUaine 907477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{IAST|Tripiṭaka}}''', forby kent as '''Tipiṭaka''' or '''Pali Canon''', is the traditional term fur the Buddhist scripturs.<ref name=britannicatipitaka/><ref>"Buddhist Books and Texts: Canon and Canonization." Lewis Lancaster, ''Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd edition'', pg 1252</ref> Thare are canonical texts revered as exclusively authoritative in [[Theravada]] Buddhism. The [[Mahayana]] Buddhism reveres thaim as authoritative an aa, but, unlik Theravadins, it reveres mony derivative literature an commentaries that war componed much later.<ref name=britannicatipitaka>[http://www.britannica.com/topic/Tipitaka Tipitaka] Encyclopedia Britannica (2015)</ref><ref name="Crandall2012p56">{{cite book|author=Barbara Crandall|title=Gender and Religion, 2nd Edition: The Dark Side of Scripture|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Zq7UAwAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-4871-1 |pages=56–58 }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripitaka}} [[Category:Tripiṭaka]] d797sjphdwc07ekf9s8lw0vygpf40oi 0 160893 919032 903072 2026-07-05T03:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = |image = Sundar Pichai (cropped).jpg |caption = | native_name_lang = [[Tamil]] |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|07|12}} <ref>{{cite web|last1=Nidhi|first1=|title=All you need to know about , Google's first India-born CEO|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-all-you-need-to-know-about-sundar-pichai-google-s-first-india-born-ceo-2113286|website=dnaindia|accessdate=9 February 2016}}</ref> |birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<ref name="School days">{{Cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology pfeak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=12 August 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=2017-02-16 |archive-date=2016-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203140722/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |url-status=dead }}</ref> |residence = [[Los Altos Hills, Californie]], U.S. |nationality = [[Indie]]-[[Unitit States|America]]n<ref>{{cite news | url=http://niptara.com/sundar-pichai-wiki-bio-age-height-biography-image-wife-facts-details/ | title=Sundar Pichai, biography | date=11 August 2015 | access-date=2017-02-16 | archive-date=2015-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813191106/http://niptara.com/sundar-pichai-wiki-bio-age-height-biography-image-wife-facts-details/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |other_names = |citizenship = United States |alma_mater = [[IIT Kharagpur]] ([[B.Tech.]])<br>[[Stanford University]] ([[Master of Science|M.S.]])<br>[[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[MBA]]) |occupation = CEO of [[Google]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/India-born-Sundar-Pichai-is-new-CEO-of-Google/articleshow/48430934.cms |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |title=India-born Sundar Pichai is new CEO of Google |accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref> |employer = [[Google Inc.]] |salary = US$150 million (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/technology/sundar-pichai-s-salary-package-will-really-make-you-curl-up-in-a-corner-and-cry-250677.html|title=Sundar Pichai's Salary Package Will Really Make You Curl Up In A Corner And Cry!|publisher=|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=2016-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055128/http://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/technology/sundar-pichai-s-salary-package-will-really-make-you-curl-up-in-a-corner-and-cry-250677.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |website = |spouse = Anjali Pichai |networth = {{increase}} US$1.05 billion <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/08/google-sundar-pichai-shares-highest-paid-ceo|title=Google's Sundar Pichai becomes highest-paid CEO in US|first=Rupert|last=Neate|date=February 8, 2016|publisher=|via=The Guardian}}</ref>(December 2015) }} '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (born 10 June 1972), kent as '''Sundar Pichai''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ʊ|n|d|ɑr|_|p|ɪ|ˈ|tʃ|aɪ}}), is an [[Indian-American]] business executive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs|access-date=December 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220163250/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|archive-date=December 20, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He is the [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) o [[Alphabet Inc.]] and its subsidiary [[Google]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pichai, Sundar}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:Alphabet Inc. fowk]] [[Category:Google employees]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Businessfowk frae Chennai]] [[Category:Stanford Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Indian Tamil fowk]] [[Category:Varsity o Pennsylvanie alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Tamil strynd| ]] [[Category:Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur alumni]] [[Category:McKinsey & Company fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Madurai]] [[Category:Indian emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Fowk frae Los Altos Hills, Californie]] 20f3gxcvd48lkkvfx9thqbgczxuyyue 0 164362 918967 694983 2026-07-04T16:16:19Z Jahoda333 133824 918967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Artifeecial intelligence''' ('''AI''') is [[intelligence|unintelligence]] exhebastardebitit bi [[machine|machibiachne]]s. In [[computer science|computsmoke marlboroer science]], the field o AI resabiachh defines itsel as be a grown ass men the study o "[[intelligent augents]]": ony device that perceives its environs an taks actions that maximize its chance o success at some goal.<ref name="Intelligent agents"> The [[intelligent augent]] paradigm: *{{Harvnb|Russell|Norvig|2003|pp=27, 32–58, 968–972}} *{{Harvnb|Poole|Mackworth|Goebel|1998|pp=7–21}} *{{Harvnb|Luger|Stubblefield|2004|pp=235–240}} *{{Harvnb|Hutter|2005|pp=125–126}} The defineetion uised in this airticle, in terms o goals, actions, perception an environs, is due tae {{Harvtxt|Russell|Norvig|2003}}. Ither defineetions an aa include knawledge an learnin as addeetional criteria. </ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681318301393 Andreas Kaplan; Michael Haenlein (2019) Siri, Siri in my Hand, who's the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence, Business Horizons, 62(1), 15-25]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Artifeecial Intelligence}} [[Category:Artifeecial intelligence| ]] [[Category:Cybernetics]] [[Category:Formal sciences]] [[Category:Technology in society]] [[Category:Computational neuroscience]] [[Category:Emergin technologies]] [[Category:Unsolved problems in computer science]] [[Category:Computational fields o study]] k9slh4kwp65q0ujkm1bfpsw3c0nc8x2 918979 918967 2026-07-04T16:27:50Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Karasek1982 694983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Artifeecial intelligence''' ('''AI''') is [[intelligence]] exheebitit bi [[machine]]s. In [[computer science]], the field o AI resairch defines itsel as the study o "[[intelligent augents]]": ony device that perceives its environs an taks actions that maximize its chance o success at some goal.<ref name="Intelligent agents"> The [[intelligent augent]] paradigm: * {{Harvnb|Russell|Norvig|2003|pp=27, 32–58, 968–972}} * {{Harvnb|Poole|Mackworth|Goebel|1998|pp=7–21}} * {{Harvnb|Luger|Stubblefield|2004|pp=235–240}} * {{Harvnb|Hutter|2005|pp=125–126}} The defineetion uised in this airticle, in terms o goals, actions, perception an environs, is due tae {{Harvtxt|Russell|Norvig|2003}}. Ither defineetions an aa include knawledge an learnin as addeetional criteria. </ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681318301393 Andreas Kaplan; Michael Haenlein (2019) Siri, Siri in my Hand, who's the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence, Business Horizons, 62(1), 15-25]</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Artifeecial Intelligence}} [[Category:Artifeecial intelligence| ]] [[Category:Cybernetics]] [[Category:Formal sciences]] [[Category:Technology in society]] [[Category:Computational neuroscience]] [[Category:Emergin technologies]] [[Category:Unsolved problems in computer science]] [[Category:Computational fields o study]] svhhsirq09hvc9ugyk99lnb67xdip51 0 168400 918961 913737 2026-07-04T16:05:39Z Jahoda333 133824 918961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Ozzy Osbourne |background = solo_singer |image = OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg |caption = Osbourne in 2010 |birth_name = John Michael Osbourne |alias = {{flatlist| * Ozzy * Prince o Darkness * The Godfaither o Metal * Madman }} |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1948|12|3}} |birth_place = [[Birmingham]], [[Warwickshire]], Ingland |death_date = 22 Julie 2025 (aged 76) |death_place = [[Lunnon]], Ingland |genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hivy metal muisic|Hivy metal]] * [[haurd rock]] * [[blues rock]] * [[doom metal]] }} |occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * actor }} |instrument = [[Sangin|Vocals]] |years_active = 1967–2025 |label = {{flatlist| * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[Columbia Records|CBS]] * [[Jet Records|Jet]] }} |associated_acts = [[Black Sabbath]] |website = {{URL|ozzy.com}}}} '''John Michael''' "'''Ozzy'''" '''Osbourne'''<ref name="Allmusic-Weber">{{cite web |last=Weber |first=Barry |title=Ozzy Osbourne Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ozzy-osbourne-mn0000424244/biography |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |year=2007 |accessdate=17 February 2008 |archivedate=2015-07-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6aBqgUYJd?url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ozzy-osbourne-mn0000424244/biography |df=dmy |url-status=live }}</ref> (born 3 December 1948; deed 22 July 2025)<ref name = "Allmusic-Weber" /> was an Inglis gangster, sangwriter, an actor. His roses has prominence in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist of the [[hivy metal muisic|hivy metal]] bastard [[Black Sabbath]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osbourne, Ozzy}} [[Category:Ozzy Osbourne| ]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis sangsters]] [[Category:Black Sabbath members]] [[Category:Breetish harmonica players]] [[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis Anglicans]] [[Category:Inglis hivy metal sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis rock sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis male sangsters]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Kerrang! Awards winners]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Birmingham, West Midlands]] [[Category:Osbourne faimily]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk frae Chalfont St Giles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hidden Hills, Californie]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Ozzy Osbourne Band members]] [[Category:Fowk diagnosed wi dyslexia]] {{Stub}} j7avggcq3i3hmmig8ft66n6mocq2qce 918986 918961 2026-07-04T16:28:25Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Atlantic306 913737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Ozzy Osbourne |background = solo_singer |image = OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg |caption = Osbourne in 2010 |birth_name = John Michael Osbourne |alias = {{flatlist| * Ozzy * Prince o Darkness * The Godfaither o Metal * Madman }} |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1948|12|3}} |birth_place = [[Birmingham]], [[Warwickshire]], Ingland |death_date = 22 Julie 2025 (aged 76) |death_place = [[Lunnon]], Ingland |genre = {{flatlist| * [[Hivy metal muisic|Hivy metal]] * [[haurd rock]] * [[blues rock]] * [[doom metal]] }} |occupation = {{flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * actor }} |instrument = [[Sangin|Vocals]] |years_active = 1967–2025 |label = {{flatlist| * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[Columbia Records|CBS]] * [[Jet Records|Jet]] }} |associated_acts = [[Black Sabbath]] |website = {{URL|ozzy.com}}}} '''John Michael''' "'''Ozzy'''" '''Osbourne'''<ref name="Allmusic-Weber">{{cite web |last=Weber |first=Barry |title=Ozzy Osbourne Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ozzy-osbourne-mn0000424244/biography |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |year=2007 |accessdate=17 February 2008 |archivedate=2015-07-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6aBqgUYJd?url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ozzy-osbourne-mn0000424244/biography |df=dmy |url-status=live }}</ref> (born 3 December 1948; deed 22 Julie 2025)<ref name = "Allmusic-Weber" /> wis an Inglis sangster, sangwriter, an actor. He rose tae prominence in the early 1970s as the lead vocalist o the [[hivy metal muisic|hivy metal]] baund [[Black Sabbath]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osbourne, Ozzy}} [[Category:Ozzy Osbourne| ]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis sangsters]] [[Category:Black Sabbath members]] [[Category:Breetish harmonica players]] [[Category:Inglis expatriates in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis Anglicans]] [[Category:Inglis hivy metal sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis rock sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis male sangsters]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Kerrang! Awards winners]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Birmingham, West Midlands]] [[Category:Osbourne faimily]] [[Category:Pairteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk frae Chalfont St Giles]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hidden Hills, Californie]] [[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:The Ozzy Osbourne Band members]] [[Category:Fowk diagnosed wi dyslexia]] {{Stub}} 2x8i5a77bmkly63ce9y02gsi2epta0a 0 172172 918955 915644 2026-07-04T15:57:56Z Jahoda333 133824 918955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featurt airticle}} {{Infobox street|image=Wfm glasgow cityhall.jpg|caption=George Square an Glesga Ceetie Chaumers|name=George Square|namesake=King George III|location=[[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]|coordinates={{Coord|55.861161|-4.250178|region:GB_scale:5000|display=inline,title}}|map_caption=Location in Glesga|former_names=George's Square}} '''George Square''' ({{lang-gd|Ceàrnag Sheòrais}}) is the main [[Toun square|civic square]] in the middle of [[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]. It is cried fur [[George III o the Unitit Kinrick|King George III]]. It's ane oot o sax squares in the ceetie centre.[[File:City Chambers, George Square, Glasgow 05.jpg|thumb|250px|George Square wi the Scott moniment in the centre, [[Glesga Ceety Chambers|Glesga Ceetie Chambers]] tae the left an the umwhile Post Office tae the richt. ]] [[File:Panorama Card of George Square.jpg|thumb|350px|Panorama postcaird shawin the square in 1905]] [[File:Panorama George Square north side to City Chambers.jpg|thumb|350px|George Square in 2019]] The idea ahint the square wis pit oot in 1781, bit didna become developt fur anither 20 year. George Square wis sorroondit bi important biggins. Tae the east is the Glesga Ceetie Chambers, kent as the Municipal Chaumers an aw, whase stane foondin wit pit in 1883, an tae the wast ot is the Merchants House.<ref>''Glasgow'' bi Irene Maver, pit oot in 2000 {{en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSE00418&t=2|title=Foundation ceremony, People's Palace, Social History File|work=www.theglasgowstory.com|access-date=5 July 2021}}{{en}}</ref> Ben the square is an important collection o statues an monimets, sic as thae dedicatit tae [[Robert Burns]], [[James Watt]] an [[Sir Walter Scott]]. ==History== Plans fur George's Square, as it was kent at the stairt<ref name="Foreman 91">{{cite book|author=Carol Foreman|title=Lost Glasgow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6q8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT91|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=978-0-85790-634-2|page=91|lang=en}}</ref>, wis laid oot in 1781 as pairt o a Georgian hypodamic plan thit stairtit aff raxin fae Stockwell Street tae [[Buchanan Street]]. This plan, thit wis later on raxed wast tae Blythswood Hill, wis maistlins the wirk bi architects [[James Barry]], [[James Craig (airchitect)|James Craig]], an [[James Gillespie Graham]]. Hounaiver, durin the early years, it wisnae muckle mair nor a glaury aurie, fillt wi dirty watter an uised fur sacrificin horses. Atween 1787 an the 1820s, the square appent up an Georgie hooses an hotels war biggit on the east an wast sides. In 1842, [[Glesga Queen Street railwey station]], the end o The Embro an Glesga railwey, wis appent on the north side. Bi 1850, the square haed turnt intae a hub fur merchant actívitie. In 1877, [[Merchands Hoose]] wis muived tae the square, an the square itsel, thit wis a private gairden fur the sorroondin hooses, wis turnt intae a public space efter a croud malafoustered the gates durin a riot. A statue o King George III wis tae occupt the centre o the square tae stairt wi but the stamash an anxiety caused bi the ceetie's tabacco traders bi the [[American War o Unthirldom]] in 1775 an the follaein Breetish defeat in 1783, alangsyd King George's frequent fumin fits, had caused mixed feelins fur the king, an as a result, it wis decided tae honor [[Sir Walter Scott]] insteid, wi a sculptur o [[John Greenshields]] pit abuinn a 24-metre heich Doric Column bi Alexander Handyside Ritchie. Baith wis complete atween 1834 an 1837. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgowsculpture.com/pg_biography.php?sub=greenshields_j|title=John Greenshields (1792-1835), sculptor, a biography|publisher=glasgowsculpture.com|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> ==Biggins== Thir days, maist o the east side consists o the Glesga Ceetie chambers, hame tae the [[Glesga Ceetiy Cooncil|Glesga Ceetie Cooncil]], thit appent in 1888. On the sooth side ur twa three biggins, lik the umwhile Post Office, biggit in 1878 an turnt intae office space in [[2007]], a Chicago-style office biggin fae [[1924]], an the ceetie's main tourist office. The north side consists o Queen Street Station, the Millennium Hotel (umwhile the North British Railwey Hotel) fae the 1840s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=C. |last2=Patrick |first2=L. |title=Scottish Railway Icons: Central Belt to the Borders |publisher=Amberley Publishing |series=Scottish Railway Icons |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4456-2115-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |access-date=10 March 2019 |page=82 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229222519/https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |url-status=live }}</ref> an George Hoose, thit's an aulder Georgie biggin, biggit in 1979 tae gie mair space fur offices. Queen Street, thit rins alang the wast side o the square, haes the Merchands Hoose, thit hooses the Glesga Chaumer o Commerce, designed bi [[John Burnet]] an appent in 1874. In [[1907]], [[John James Burnet]] pit in 2 flairs, wi a domed touer on the tap, whilk haes the Hoose emblem, a shop on a [[Globe]], engraved on it, tae mind fowk on the importance o maritime trade tae the propsperity tae Glesga. The wastren side haes the umwhile [[Bank of Scotland|Bank o Scotland]] biggin an aw, bit nou conteens offices an a [[Weatherspoons]] pub. The east side o the square is flankit bi twa greens an conteens the ceetie [[Cenotapah]] an aw, thit tae stairt wi, wis designed bi John James Burnet an wis biggit in [[1922]] bi the [[Earl Haig Fund]] tae mynd the fowk fae Glesga thit lost thair lifes in the [[First Warld War]]. A 24 Metre heich [[Column]], pit up in 1837, shaws the scriever [[Walter Scott]]. A feck o Glesga's public statues is fund aboot the square an amang thaim are the ainly kent equestrian statues o a yung [[Queen Victoria]] an her husband Prince Albert, the makars Robert Burns an [[Thomas Campbell]], the inventor James Watt, the chemist [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]], the generals [[Sir John Moore]], [[Lord Clyde]], an the politícians [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Robert Peel]] an [[James Oswald]]. ==Social Importance== The square haes been muckle uised as a place fur public gaitherins, polítical gitthegithers, royets, protests, handselins, ceremonies, parauds an concerts. Ane o the maist weel kent wis the [[Black Friday Demonstrations in 1919]], whan pairt-takers haudit a muckle demonstration fur tae see impruivement on wirkin condítions (For example, agin 56 oors o wirk ilka week in mony factories in the ceetie), wi mair nor 90,000 protestor in the square an the surroondin streets. The event turnt intae stramashs atween protestors an the polis, an the [[Riot Act]] bein rade. The radical reputation o the ceetie, an the haudin up o the red flag by some fowk thare, made the [[Leeberalism|Líberal]] govrenment feart o a [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] revolution wis aboot tae happen. The govrenment reponed bi cawin oot fully airmed troops an tanks in the square an streets in the ceetie.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatherley |first1=Owen |title=A Guide to the New Ruins of Great Britain |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetonewruinso0000hath |date=2011 |publisher=Verso Press |location=London }}</ref> Syne, the square haes sert as a venue fur polítical campaigns an gitthegithers o a hale wheen o kynds, protests agin the [[Poll tax]], an the [[Iraq War]], annual [[Remembrance Day]] parauds an recent-like, haes turnt intae the place for stendit [[Hogmanay]] handselins in the ceetie. In the winter, thare is an ice rink in the square. In Februar [[2005]], the square wis closed tae gangers fur a twa-month sortin project, thit includit replacin the red pavement, an statuee an stane cleanin, espeicially Walter Scott's. The chyce tae tak oot the green areas an rent oot the square fur temporar firms wis controversial. In [[2012]], a campaign stairtit tae bring the square back tae it's oríginal wey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.restoregeorgesquare.com|title=Restore George Square|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025836/https://www.restoregeorgesquare.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juist efter [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s deith in [[2013]], thare wis ettlins tae pit thegither street pairties tae handsel the event. As a repone tae dae it in George Square, Glesga Ceetie Cooncil pit oot a statement statin: "Regaridless aboot whether or no it's appropriate tae hiv a pairty tae hailsin somebody's deith, this event is bein pit thegither wioot the appruival fae the Glasgow City Cooncil, an we are concernt anent the sauftie o aw pairt-takers. Actual event organisers hiv tae git permíssion tae uise the square. Thay hiv tae shaw tae the ceetie cooncil thit thay will tak safuety measures sic as provide first-aid, eneuch public cludgies an guards, as weel as gittin a liability license an aw. We'r cawin fur fowk tae keep awa fae thir events."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-22072150|title=Glasgow City Council criticises George Square Thatcher 'party'|publisher=BBC News|date=8 April 2013|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> It's thocht thit mair nor 100 fowk arrived efter hauf an oor. Durin the [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|2014 Scots unthirldom referendum]], George Square wis a weel kent settin fur polítical rallies, maistly amang the supporters fur unthrildom. ==Fremmit airtins== *[https://www.glasgowheritage.org.uk/the-evolution-of-george-square-with-niall-murphy/ 'The Evolution of George Square' tauk bi Niall Murphy]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en}} *[https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 'George Square Heritage Trail' bi Glesga City Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104304/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 |date=2021-05-17 }} {{en}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Glesga]] [[Category:Pairks an commons in Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] [[Category:Civic centres]] q6objj8epguphbv6lqf3cpareg78fka 918980 918955 2026-07-04T16:27:54Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 915644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featurt airticle}} {{Infobox street|image=Wfm glasgow cityhall.jpg|caption=George Square an Glesga Ceetie Chaumers|name=George Square|namesake=King George III|location=[[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]|coordinates={{Coord|55.861161|-4.250178|region:GB_scale:5000|display=inline,title}}|map_caption=Location in Glesga|former_names=George's Square}} '''George Square''' ({{lang-gd|Ceàrnag Sheòrais}}) is the main [[Toun square|civic square]] in the middle o [[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]. It is cried fur [[George III o the Unitit Kinrick|King George III]]. It's ane oot o sax squares in the ceetie centre.[[File:City Chambers, George Square, Glasgow 05.jpg|thumb|250px|George Square wi the Scott moniment in the centre, [[Glesga Ceety Chambers|Glesga Ceetie Chambers]] tae the left an the umwhile Post Office tae the richt. ]] [[File:Panorama Card of George Square.jpg|thumb|350px|Panorama postcaird shawin the square in 1905]] [[File:Panorama George Square north side to City Chambers.jpg|thumb|350px|George Square in 2019]] The idea ahint the square wis pit oot in 1781, bit didna become developit fur anither 20 year. George Square wis sorroondit bi important biggins. Tae the east is the Glesga Ceetie Chambers, kent as the Municipal Chaumers an aw, whase stane foondin wit pit in 1883, an tae the wast o't is the Merchants Hoose.<ref>''Glasgow'' bi Irene Maver, pit oot in 2000 {{en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSE00418&t=2|title=Foundation ceremony, People's Palace, Social History File|work=www.theglasgowstory.com|access-date=5 July 2021}}{{en}}</ref> Ben the square is an important collection o statues an monimets, sic as thae dedicatit tae [[Robert Burns]], [[James Watt]] an [[Sir Walter Scott]]. ==History== Plans fur George's Square, as it was kent at the stairt<ref name="Foreman 91">{{cite book|author=Carol Foreman|title=Lost Glasgow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6q8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT91|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=978-0-85790-634-2|page=91|lang=en}}</ref>, wis laid oot in 1781 as pairt o a Georgian hypodamic plan thit stairtit aff raxin fae Stockwell Street tae [[Buchanan Street]]. This plan, thit wis later on raxed wast tae Blythswood Hill, wis maistlins the wirk bi architects [[James Barry]], [[James Craig (airchitect)|James Craig]], an [[James Gillespie Graham]]. Hounaiver, durin the early years, it wisnae muckle mair nor a glaury aurie, fillt wi dirty watter an uised fur sacrificin horses. Atween 1787 an the 1820s, the square appent up an Georgie hooses an hotels war biggit on the east an wast sides. In 1842, [[Glesga Queen Street railwey station]], the end o The Embro an Glesga railwey, wis appent on the north side. Bi 1850, the square haed turnt intae a hub fur merchant actívitie. In 1877, [[Merchands Hoose]] wis muived tae the square, an the square itsel, thit wis a private gairden fur the sorroondin hooses, wis turnt intae a public space efter a croud malafoustered the gates durin a riot. A statue o King George III wis tae occupt the centre o the square tae stairt wi but the stamash an anxiety caused bi the ceetie's tabacco traders bi the [[American War o Unthirldom]] in 1775 an the follaein Breetish defeat in 1783, alangsyd King George's frequent fumin fits, had caused mixed feelins fur the king, an as a result, it wis decided tae honor [[Sir Walter Scott]] insteid, wi a sculptur o [[John Greenshields]] pit abuinn a 24-metre heich Doric Column bi Alexander Handyside Ritchie. Baith wis complete atween 1834 an 1837. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgowsculpture.com/pg_biography.php?sub=greenshields_j|title=John Greenshields (1792-1835), sculptor, a biography|publisher=glasgowsculpture.com|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> ==Biggins== Thir days, maist o the east side consists o the Glesga Ceetie chambers, hame tae the [[Glesga Ceetiy Cooncil|Glesga Ceetie Cooncil]], thit appent in 1888. On the sooth side ur twa three biggins, lik the umwhile Post Office, biggit in 1878 an turnt intae office space in [[2007]], a Chicago-style office biggin fae [[1924]], an the ceetie's main tourist office. The north side consists o Queen Street Station, the Millennium Hotel (umwhile the North British Railwey Hotel) fae the 1840s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=C. |last2=Patrick |first2=L. |title=Scottish Railway Icons: Central Belt to the Borders |publisher=Amberley Publishing |series=Scottish Railway Icons |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4456-2115-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |access-date=10 March 2019 |page=82 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229222519/https://books.google.com/books?id=f-AgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 |url-status=live }}</ref> an George Hoose, thit's an aulder Georgie biggin, biggit in 1979 tae gie mair space fur offices. Queen Street, thit rins alang the wast side o the square, haes the Merchands Hoose, thit hooses the Glesga Chaumer o Commerce, designed bi [[John Burnet]] an appent in 1874. In [[1907]], [[John James Burnet]] pit in 2 flairs, wi a domed touer on the tap, whilk haes the Hoose emblem, a shop on a [[Globe]], engraved on it, tae mind fowk on the importance o maritime trade tae the propsperity tae Glesga. The wastren side haes the umwhile [[Bank of Scotland|Bank o Scotland]] biggin an aw, bit nou conteens offices an a [[Weatherspoons]] pub. The east side o the square is flankit bi twa greens an conteens the ceetie [[Cenotapah]] an aw, thit tae stairt wi, wis designed bi John James Burnet an wis biggit in [[1922]] bi the [[Earl Haig Fund]] tae mynd the fowk fae Glesga thit lost thair lifes in the [[First Warld War]]. A 24 Metre heich [[Column]], pit up in 1837, shaws the scriever [[Walter Scott]]. A feck o Glesga's public statues is fund aboot the square an amang thaim are the ainly kent equestrian statues o a yung [[Queen Victoria]] an her husband Prince Albert, the makars Robert Burns an [[Thomas Campbell]], the inventor James Watt, the chemist [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]], the generals [[Sir John Moore]], [[Lord Clyde]], an the politícians [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Robert Peel]] an [[James Oswald]]. ==Social Importance== The square haes been muckle uised as a place fur public gaitherins, polítical gitthegithers, royets, protests, handselins, ceremonies, parauds an concerts. Ane o the maist weel kent wis the [[Black Friday Demonstrations in 1919]], whan pairt-takers haudit a muckle demonstration fur tae see impruivement on wirkin condítions (For example, agin 56 oors o wirk ilka week in mony factories in the ceetie), wi mair nor 90,000 protestor in the square an the surroondin streets. The event turnt intae stramashs atween protestors an the polis, an the [[Riot Act]] bein rade. The radical reputation o the ceetie, an the haudin up o the red flag by some fowk thare, made the [[Leeberalism|Líberal]] govrenment feart o a [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] revolution wis aboot tae happen. The govrenment reponed bi cawin oot fully airmed troops an tanks in the square an streets in the ceetie.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hatherley |first1=Owen |title=A Guide to the New Ruins of Great Britain |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetonewruinso0000hath |date=2011 |publisher=Verso Press |location=London }}</ref> Syne, the square haes sert as a venue fur polítical campaigns an gitthegithers o a hale wheen o kynds, protests agin the [[Poll tax]], an the [[Iraq War]], annual [[Remembrance Day]] parauds an recent-like, haes turnt intae the place for stendit [[Hogmanay]] handselins in the ceetie. In the winter, thare is an ice rink in the square. In Februar [[2005]], the square wis closed tae gangers fur a twa-month sortin project, thit includit replacin the red pavement, an statuee an stane cleanin, espeicially Walter Scott's. The chyce tae tak oot the green areas an rent oot the square fur temporar firms wis controversial. In [[2012]], a campaign stairtit tae bring the square back tae it's oríginal wey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.restoregeorgesquare.com|title=Restore George Square|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025836/https://www.restoregeorgesquare.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Juist efter [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s deith in [[2013]], thare wis ettlins tae pit thegither street pairties tae handsel the event. As a repone tae dae it in George Square, Glesga Ceetie Cooncil pit oot a statement statin: "Regaridless aboot whether or no it's appropriate tae hiv a pairty tae hailsin somebody's deith, this event is bein pit thegither wioot the appruival fae the Glasgow City Cooncil, an we are concernt anent the sauftie o aw pairt-takers. Actual event organisers hiv tae git permíssion tae uise the square. Thay hiv tae shaw tae the ceetie cooncil thit thay will tak safuety measures sic as provide first-aid, eneuch public cludgies an guards, as weel as gittin a liability license an aw. We'r cawin fur fowk tae keep awa fae thir events."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-22072150|title=Glasgow City Council criticises George Square Thatcher 'party'|publisher=BBC News|date=8 April 2013|access-date=15 December 2016|lang=en}}</ref> It's thocht thit mair nor 100 fowk arrived efter hauf an oor. Durin the [[Scots unthirldom referendum, 2014|2014 Scots unthirldom referendum]], George Square wis a weel kent settin fur polítical rallies, maistly amang the supporters fur unthrildom. ==Fremmit airtins== *[https://www.glasgowheritage.org.uk/the-evolution-of-george-square-with-niall-murphy/ 'The Evolution of George Square' tauk bi Niall Murphy]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{en}} *[https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 'George Square Heritage Trail' bi Glesga City Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517104304/https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=32315&p=0 |date=2021-05-17 }} {{en}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Category A leetit biggins in Glesga]] [[Category:Pairks an commons in Scotland]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] [[Category:Civic centres]] keieqz2we7x4k04gsuko5frurv2qs8q 0 209094 919000 902190 2026-07-04T16:33:46Z Jahoda333 133824 919000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wildfire |title=2019 Brazil wildfires |image=File:Nasa brazil fires 20190820.jpg |caption= [[Veesible Infrareid Eemagin Radiometer Suite|VIIRS]] scan o the Amazon basin on 20 August 2019, depictin several wildfires an the smeuk produced |url= |location=[[Brazil]] |date=Januar — October 2019 |total_fires=>40,000<ref name="stats1">{{Cite web|url=http://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/situacao-atual/|title=Situação atual - Programa Queimadas - INPE|website=queimadas.dgi.inpe.br|access-date=2020-01-27|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620131720/https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/situacao-atual/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |area={{convert|906,000|ha|acre km2 sqmi}}<ref name="cbs bolsonaro aid">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-wildfires-brazil-spurns-20-million-aid-offer-from-g-7-nations-today-2019-08-27/ |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro says he will accept aid to fight Amazon fires |date=August 27, 2019 |publisher=[[CBS]] News |accessdate=August 30, 2019}}</ref> |cause =[[Slash-an-birn]] approach tae deforest laund for agricultur an effects o [[climate chynge]] an [[global wairmin]] due tae unuisually langer dry sauson an abuin average temperaturs aroond warldwide ootthrou 2019 |hectares= |landuse= |buildings= |fatalities=2<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/ro/ariquemes-e-vale-do-jamari/noticia/2019/08/15/casal-morre-abracado-ao-tentar-fugir-de-queimada-em-ro.ghtml|title=Casal morre abraçado ao tentar fugir de queimada em RO|trans-title=Couple die hugged while trying to escape burnt out RO |first1=Rinaldo |last1=Moreira |first2=Jamari |last2=Valley |date=August 15, 2019 |work=[[G1 (wabsteid)|G1]]|access-date=August 22, 2019|language=portuguese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815174641/https://g1.globo.com/ro/ariquemes-e-vale-do-jamari/noticia/2019/08/15/casal-morre-abracado-ao-tentar-fugir-de-queimada-em-ro.ghtml|archivedate=August 15, 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> |injuries= | image_map = Amazon biome outline map.svg | image_map_caption = Map o the [[Amazon biome|Amazon rainforest ecoregions]] as delineatit bi the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] in white an the [[Amazon basin|Amazon drainage basin]] in blue. }} The '''2019 Brazil wildfires''' war brocht tae the attention o the scienteefic an internaitional commonty in Julie an August [[2019]] efter the Naitional Institute for Space Resairch (''Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais'', INPE) released stateestics based on satellite observations documentin at least 75,336 wildfires birnin in the kintra frae Januar tae 23 August 2019, wi mair nor 40,000 within the [[Amazon rainforest]], the heichest nummer syne data collection begoud in [[2013]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49433767|title=Amazon fires: How bad have they got?|last=Team|first=The Visual and Data Journalism|date=2019-08-23|access-date=2019-08-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=BBC_20190821>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49415973|title='Record number of fires' in Brazilian rainforest|date=August 21, 2019|work=[[BBC News Online]]|access-date=August 21, 2019|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name="CTVNews_Rodriguez_20190822">{{Cite news | title = As the Amazon burns, Brazil's president draws global outrage | work = CTV News | access-date = August 22, 2019 | url = https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/as-the-amazon-burns-brazil-s-president-draws-global-outrage-1.4560481 | date = August 22, 2019 | first = Jeremiah | last = Rodriguez | archive-date = 2019-08-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190827173049/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/as-the-amazon-burns-brazil-s-president-draws-global-outrage-1.4560481 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="NYT_Andreoni_20190821">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/21/world/americas/amazon-rainforest.html|title=Fires in Amazon Rain Forest Have Surged This Year|last1=Andreoni|first1=Manuela|last2=Hauser|first2=Christine|date=August 21, 2019|location=Rio de Janeiro|access-date=August 21, 2019|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:2019 disasters in Brazil|Wildfires]] [[Category:2019 controversies]] [[Category:2019 wildfires]] [[Category:2019 in the environment]] [[Category:August 2019 events in Sooth Americae]] [[Category:Controversies in Brazil]] [[Category:Climate chynge in Brazil]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Brazil]] [[Category:2019 in Bolivie]] [[Category:2019 in Paraguay]] [[Category:2019 in Peru]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Bolivie]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Paraguay]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Peru]] [[Category:Amazon rainforest]] 1ow34zv0ly437gdvl7t6vvoi3tb8bj6 919001 919000 2026-07-04T16:33:57Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 902190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox wildfire |title=2019 Brazil wildfires |image=File:Nasa brazil fires 20190820.jpg |caption= [[Veesible Infrareid Eemagin Radiometer Suite|VIIRS]] scan o the Amazon basin on 20 August 2019, depictin several wildfires an the smeuk produced |url= |location=[[Brazil]] |date=Januar — October 2019 |total_fires=>40,000<ref name="stats1">{{Cite web|url=http://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/situacao-atual/|title=Situação atual - Programa Queimadas - INPE|website=queimadas.dgi.inpe.br|access-date=2020-01-27|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620131720/https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/situacao-atual/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |area={{convert|906,000|ha|acre km2 sqmi}}<ref name="cbs bolsonaro aid">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-wildfires-brazil-spurns-20-million-aid-offer-from-g-7-nations-today-2019-08-27/ |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro says he will accept aid to fight Amazon fires |date=August 27, 2019 |publisher=[[CBS]] News |accessdate=August 30, 2019}}</ref> |cause =[[Slash-an-birn]] approach tae deforest laund for agricultur an effects o [[climate chynge]] an [[global wairmin]] due tae unuisually langer dry sauson an abuin average temperaturs aroond warldwide ootthrou 2019 |hectares= |landuse= |buildings= |fatalities=2<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/ro/ariquemes-e-vale-do-jamari/noticia/2019/08/15/casal-morre-abracado-ao-tentar-fugir-de-queimada-em-ro.ghtml|title=Casal morre abraçado ao tentar fugir de queimada em RO|trans-title=Couple die hugged while trying to escape burnt out RO |first1=Rinaldo |last1=Moreira |first2=Jamari |last2=Valley |date=August 15, 2019 |work=[[G1 (wabsteid)|G1]]|access-date=August 22, 2019|language=portuguese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815174641/https://g1.globo.com/ro/ariquemes-e-vale-do-jamari/noticia/2019/08/15/casal-morre-abracado-ao-tentar-fugir-de-queimada-em-ro.ghtml|archivedate=August 15, 2019|deadurl=no}}</ref> |injuries= | image_map = Amazon biome outline map.svg | image_map_caption = Map o the [[Amazon biome|Amazon rainforest ecoregions]] as delineatit bi the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] in white an the [[Amazon basin|Amazon drainage basin]] in blue. }} The '''2019 Brazil wildfires''' war brocht tae the attention o the scienteefic an internaitional commonty in Julie an August [[2019]] efter the Naitional Institute for Space Resairch (''Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais'', INPE) released stateestics based on satellite observations documentin at least 75,336 wildfires birnin in the kintra frae Januar tae 23 August 2019, wi mair nor 40,000 within the [[Amazon rainforest]], the heichest nummer syne data collection begoud in [[2013]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49433767|title=Amazon fires: How bad have they got?|last=Team|first=The Visual and Data Journalism|date=2019-08-23|access-date=2019-08-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=BBC_20190821>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49415973|title='Record number of fires' in Brazilian rainforest|date=August 21, 2019|work=[[BBC News Online]]|access-date=August 21, 2019|publisher=[[BBC Online]]|agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name="CTVNews_Rodriguez_20190822">{{Cite news | title = As the Amazon burns, Brazil's president draws global outrage | work = CTV News | access-date = August 22, 2019 | url = https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/as-the-amazon-burns-brazil-s-president-draws-global-outrage-1.4560481 | date = August 22, 2019 | first = Jeremiah | last = Rodriguez | archive-date = 2019-08-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190827173049/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/as-the-amazon-burns-brazil-s-president-draws-global-outrage-1.4560481 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="NYT_Andreoni_20190821">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/21/world/americas/amazon-rainforest.html|title=Fires in Amazon Rain Forest Have Surged This Year|last1=Andreoni|first1=Manuela|last2=Hauser|first2=Christine|date=August 21, 2019|location=Rio de Janeiro|access-date=August 21, 2019|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:2019 disasters in Brazil|Wildfires]] [[Category:2019 controversies]] [[Category:2019 wildfires]] [[Category:2019 in the environment]] [[Category:August 2019 events in Sooth Americae]] [[Category:Controversies in Brazil]] [[Category:Climate chynge in Brazil]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Brazil]] [[Category:2019 in Bolivie]] [[Category:2019 in Paraguay]] [[Category:2019 in Peru]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Bolivie]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Paraguay]] [[Category:Naitural disasters in Peru]] [[Category:Amazon rainforest]] 2kf9acycjyxs35nh4b5d05fowpz1vv9 0 214089 919015 734338 2026-07-04T22:41:43Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acer miyabei.jpg|thumb|200px|Acer miyabei subsp. miaotaiense (P C Tsoong) [[Albert Edward Murray|A.E.Murray]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gbif.org/es/species/4928761 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-01-01 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906064411/https://www.gbif.org/es/species/4928761 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (syn.A miaotaiense P.C.Tsoong)<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013043 Fl of China]</ref>]] '''Pu Chiu Tsoong''' ([[Cheenese leid|zh]]: {{lang|zh|鐘卜秋}}) wis a Cheenese botanist.<ref name="JSTOR">{{cite web |title=Tsoong, Pu-Chiu (1906-1981) on JSTOR |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000329578 |website=Global Plants |publisher=JSTOR |access-date=2 January 2020 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> He wis born i 1906, an his daith wis i 1981.<ref name="JSTOR" /> he took any excursions in the Tsingling area of ​​Shanxi Province == Freemit airtins == {{wikispecies}} * {{Enplantpedia}} == Soorces == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Botanists]] [[Category:1906 births]] [[Category:1981 daiths]] [[Category:Cheenese scientists]] 2hquj62jr81h5m2ziwu343iv2ogqil3 0 216310 918950 877326 2026-07-04T12:53:37Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Kirkcolm |scots_name=Kirkcoam |gaelic_name=Cille Choluim |population= |os_grid_reference = NX027686 |map_type= Scotland |coordinates = {{coord|54.974|-5.081|display=inline,title}} |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Wigtounshire|Wigtoun]] |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway and West Dumfries (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and West Dumfries]] |post_town = STRANRAER |postcode_district = DG9 |postcode_area = DG |dial_code= |static_image_name = File:Blue Peter Hotel, Main Street Kirkcolm - geograph.org.uk - 877791.jpg |static_image_caption=Blue Peter Hotel, Main Street, Kirkcoam }} '''Kirkcoam''' ([[Inglish leid|English]]: '''Kirkcolm''') is a veelage an ceevil pairish on the northren tip o the [[Rhins o Gallowa]] peninsula, in the historical coonty o [[Wigtounshire]], in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. The pairish is boondit on the north an wast bi the sea, an on the east bi the bay o [[Loch Ryan]], an on the sooth bi [[Leswalt]] pairish. ==History== The name Kirkcoam means the kirk o [[Columba|Saunt Columba]]. The pairish his a wall kent as the Crosswall, or Saunt Columba's Wall. Kirkcoam historical his seen human acteevity syne auncient times. Sheltert fae the rochle seas o the [[Sheuch (Erse Sea)|Sheuch]] an the North Atlantic, Loch Ryan his lang been an important sauf herbour for boats. An Airn Age fort is locatit at Dunskirkloch on the north coast. In the ware o 1307, at the beginnin o [[Robert the Bruce]]'s campaign in the [[Wars o Scots Unthirldom]], he sent twa forces tae attempt tae win control o soothwast Scotland. Ane force, led bi his twa brithers an conseestin o 18 galleys, laundit in [[Loch Ryan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-04-01 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085024/http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/news/project-adair-enters-second-year |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thay wis immediate owerwhalmit bi local forces, led by Dougal MacDougal o [[Clan MacDowall]], a uphauder o the Comyns. The barony o Corsewall wis haudit bi [[Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Galloway|Alexander Stewart, Laird o Garlies]] fae 1622.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60723/details/stewarton/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-04-01 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101639/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/60723/details/stewarton/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Featurs o interest== ===Kilmorie Stane=== [[File:Kilmorie stone1.jpg|thumb|The Kilmorie cross-leck]] An Early Medieval cross-leck is locatit in Kirkcoam kirkyaird. The cross wis removed fae the site o Kilmorie Chaipel, that wis neist tae St Mary's Wall, in the 16t century and built intae Kirkcoam kirk. It wis laer muived til the grunds o Corsewall Hoose, bit re-upset in the Kirkcoam kirkyaird in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/60746/kilmorie-chapel |title=Kilmorie, Chapel |work=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=7 April 2017 |archive-date=2017-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407233745/https://canmore.org.uk/site/60746/kilmorie-chapel |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/60731/kirkholm-corsewall-house-cross-slab |title=Kirkholm, Corsewall House, Cross-slab |work=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=7 April 2017 |archive-date=2017-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407234005/https://canmore.org.uk/site/60731/kirkholm-corsewall-house-cross-slab |url-status=dead }}</ref> The desgins on the cross-leck combine Christian an Norse eemagery, reflectin Gallowas Viking an Celtic past. Ane face o the stane his a perqueer cairved cross abuin a design o intertwine't snake-like ainimals. On the hintside is a representation o the Crucifixion. Ablow is a feegur o a man wi a pair o tongs an a bird on his shouder; this micht represent [[Odin]] or [[Sigurd]]. It is thocht the cairvins on the Kilmorie Stane shaw the trumphin o Christianity ower pauganism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.erviekirkcolmchurch.com/apps/photos/photo?photoid=12390164 |title=History of the Kilmorie Stone |publisher=Ervie-Kirkcolm Church |accessdate=7 April 2017 |archive-date=2017-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407234056/http://www.erviekirkcolmchurch.com/apps/photos/photo?photoid=12390164 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Ervie-Kirkcoam kirk=== [[File:Kirkcolm Church - geograph.org.uk - 275189.jpg|thumb|Kirkcoam kirk]] The auld pairish kirk o Kirkcoam that wis in the grunds o Corsewall Hoose, wis demolisht in 1821 an a new kirk wis built in Kirkcoam, up the hill fae the auld kirk. In 1950 Kirkcoam Kirk o Scotland wis unitit wi Ervie Free Kirk, an in 1985 the kirk was linkit wi Leswalt Pairish Kirk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.erviekirkcolmchurch.com/erviekirkcolmhistory.htm |title=History of the Kilmorie Stone |publisher=Ervie-Kirkcolm Church |accessdate=7 April 2017 |archive-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523052733/http://www.erviekirkcolmchurch.com/erviekirkcolmhistory.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The kirk session, haudit in the coort o the pairish, wis made up o the meenister and the lairds an business men o the pairish, an dealt wi moral maiters, minor creeminal cases, maiters o the puir fowk and o eddication, maiters o discipleen, an the general concerns o the pairish. ===Marian Tour=== [[File:The Marian Hill Monument - geograph.org.uk - 1708623.jpg|thumb|Marian Hill Moniment on Craigengerroch Hill]] Marian Tour is a 19t century moniment on Craigengerroch Hill, aboot 1.9 mile wast o Kirkcoam veelage. The're panoramic views ower the [[Firth o Clyde]] fae this location.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitscotland.com/info/see-do/the-marian-tower-p254421 |title=Marian Tower |publisher=VisitScotland |accessdate=7 April 2017}}</ref> ===Corsewall Lichthoose=== [[File:Corsewall Lighthouse from Cairnside Farm - geograph.org.uk - 293900.jpg|thumb|Corsewall Lichthouse]] [[Corsewall Lichthoose]] staunds on the nor'wast coast o the Rhins, an merks the approach tae Loch Ryan. Appent in 1817, the licht wis automatit in 1994 an the lave o the biggin noo operates as a hottle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlb.org.uk/LighthouseLibrary/Lighthouse/Corsewall/ |title=Corsewall |publisher=Northern Lighthouse Board |accessdate=7 April 2017}}</ref> The lichthoose wis built bi [[Robert Stevenson (ceevil ingineer)|Robert Stevenson]], the ingineer grandfaither o [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], an is a Category A leetit biggin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB9923 |title=Corsewall Lighthouse. LB 9923 |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=7 April 2017}}</ref> ===Corsewall Castle=== [[File:Remains of Corsewall Castle - geograph.org.uk - 862643.jpg|thumb|the remeens o Corsewall Castle]] Corsewall Castle is ruint 15t century tour hoose til the sootheast o the lichthoose. It wis awnt bi Alexander Campbell, a son o Sir Duncan Campbell o Loudoun, whase aulder brither Andrew wis the shirra o Ayr. The oblong keep aince ris tae three storeys an lay on a mund that wis pertectit bi a ditch. Noo aw that remeens is the stumps o the fower waws, that dinna rise ayont a tunnel-vautit dunnie. The waw yet conteens the lawer section o a turnpike stair. A smaw cannon wis diskivert here in 1791, while a pose o gowd cuinyies, siller-plate, an jewellery wis unkivert in 1802.<ref>http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parmap1046.html</ref> The castle wis forsaken in fauvour o Corsewall Hoose, near tae Kirkcoam veelage, bi the 18t century. A leegend recordit in the 19t century states that the castle hid a wall o sic pouer that, bi liftin its lid, the awners coud at pleisur fluid the moat an approaches til the castle.<ref>The Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway, by Andrew Agnew. vol. I, p.218 https://archive.org/stream/hereditarysherif01agne#page/218/mode/1up</ref> ==Namely fowk== * Admiral [[John Ross (Ryal Navy officer)|John Ross]] (1777-1856) - Arctic explorer, builder o [[North West Castle]] in [[Stranrawer]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.visitstranraerandtherhins.co.uk/kirkcolm.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-04-01 |archive-date=2019-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118041733/http://www.visitstranraerandtherhins.co.uk/kirkcolm.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wis born in Kirkcoam. Admiral Sir [[James Clark Ross]] (1800-1862) jyned his uncle on Arctic expedeetions, an he becam the first explorer tae reak the [[North Magnetic Pole]] in 1831.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/7041475.stm Tribute paid to Scots Arctic trio], BBC Scotland News, 12 October 2007.</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{commons category|Kirkcolm}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Veelages in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Pairishes in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] cp6di6jhow89r648vc1qgjlwrxgksw4 0 223160 918947 827287 2026-07-04T12:08:08Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 918947 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''KORKUT''' is a Turkis aw-wather-capable 35&nbsp;mm [[self-propelled anti-aircraft gun]] (SPAAG) developit bi [[ASELSAN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aselsan.com.tr/en-us/capabilities/air-and-missile-defense-systems/self-propelled-and-air-burst-munition/korkut|title=Air and Missile Defense Systems - Capabilities - ASELSAN|website=www.aselsan.com.tr|access-date=2020-09-08|archive-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120149/https://www.aselsan.com.tr/en-us/capabilities/air-and-missile-defense-systems/self-propelled-and-air-burst-munition/korkut|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aselsan.com.tr/en-us/capabilities/cpb14/Documents/SelfPropelledandAirBurstMunition/KORKUT_SSA_ENG.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-09-08 |archive-date=2018-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120507/https://www.aselsan.com.tr/en-us/capabilities/cpb14/Documents/SelfPropelledandAirBurstMunition/KORKUT_SSA_ENG.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army-technology.com/projects/korkut-self-propelled-air-defence-gun-system/|title=KORKUT Self Propelled Air Defence Gun System - Army Technology|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/turkey_army_artillery_vehicle_weapon_systems_uk/korkut_self-propelled_air_defense_35mm_gun_system_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video_11903175.html|title=Korkut self-propelled air defense 35mm gun system vehicle technical data sheet specifications pictures video 11903175|last=Administrator|website=www.armyrecognition.com|access-date=2020-09-08|archive-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128122738/https://www.armyrecognition.com/turkey_army_artillery_vehicle_weapon_systems_uk/korkut_self-propelled_air_defense_35mm_gun_system_vehicle_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video_11903175.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Designed tae replace tae agin [[M42A1 Duster]] seestems o the [[Turkis Airmed Forces]], each Korkut seestem compromises o 1 command an control vehicle an 3 wappen platforms. Each wappen platform cairies a twin [[Oerlikon GDF|2×35 mm Oerlikon]] KDC-02 cannon, manufactured unner licence bi [[Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation|MKEK]]. Each wappen seestem can fire up tae 1100 roonds a minute up tae a range o 4&nbsp;km. The command an control vehicle haes an effective radar range o 70&nbsp;km. The Wappen Seestem Vehicle an Command-an-Control Vehicle confeegurations designed unner the Korkut Project are based on the [[FNSS ACV-30]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/defense-systems/korkut/|title=Korkut – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21}}</ref> an is fully amphibious an hae the capability o propellin thaimsels in deep watter an rivers. [[Turkis Airmed Forces|The Turkis Airmed Forces]] haes ordered 40 wappens seestems, deliveries are scheduled tae complete in 2022. Addeetionally it wis reportit that Pakistan Plans tae induct this wappen seestem an that Pakistan waud conduct tests in mid 2017. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Airmourit fechtin vehicles o Turkey]] 2yjkbbi5kw5l6yshe7v3pfny3hv2hjx 2 225865 919038 918846 2026-07-05T10:17:40Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 919038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 } |sort=label |columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136 |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! instance o ! eemage ! date o foondation or creation ! date o publication ! genre |- | ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1549" | 1549 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, "Gallas Furcatus," Forked Tail Wild Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, "Gallus Oeneus," Wild Golden Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[Science fiction|science feection]]<br/>''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''<br/>[[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-15 | | [[Progressive metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Abernethy biscuit]] | | [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]'' | ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]'' | [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013<br/>2020 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790s | |- | ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30590462|Ancestor Stones]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]'' | | [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1753786|sleeve valve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1252344|Armageddon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]''<br/>[[beer]] | [[File:Brewmeister Armageddon label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1992 | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]'' | [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56275857|Band of the Royal Regiment of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1078286|military band]]'' | [[File:The Band of The Royal Regiment of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Bay City Rollers]] | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]]<br/>''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''<br/>[[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-01-24<br/>2019-05-17<br/>2019-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[abstract airt]] |- | ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black & Blue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black & White]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black & White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Black bun]] | | [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]'' | [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-12 | ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03 | |- | [[Bridie]] | | [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]'' | [[fuid]] | [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | [[Butterie]] | | [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Caber toss]] | | [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]'' | | [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]'' | | [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | |- | [[Clapshot]] | | [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]'' | [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Clootie dumplin]] | | [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[reality telly]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-04-13 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | [[Clydesdale horse]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Cock-a-leekie]] | | [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands & Colors: Ancients]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] |- | [[cranachan]] | ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]'' | [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Cullen skink]] | [[soup]] | [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | [[Curlin]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]'' | [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-03-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-08-06 | ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]'' | | [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]'' | [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | [[Dewar's]] | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846 | | |- | [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]] | ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | [[Drambuie]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]'' | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | | |- | [[Dundee cake]] | | [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | ''[[:d:Q25372|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-11-05 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]'' | [[breid]] | [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast & Furious: Adrenaline]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand & Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | [[Finnan haddie]] | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]'' | | [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''<br/>[[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109288825|male duo]]'' | [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1148385|straight-six]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q245272|V12]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''<br/>[[wabsteid]] | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | [[Glayva]] | | [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]'' | | [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840s | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon & MacPhail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Gowf]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''<br/>[[habby]] | [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-17 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-29 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]'' | [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]'' | [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-24<br/>2019-10-30<br/>2019-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[metalcore]] |- | [[haggis]] | | [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[haggis hurlin]] | [[sport]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]'' | | [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Hawick News]] | [[newspaper]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]'' | | data-sort-value="-1829" | -1829 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>[[gin]] | [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[Hieland gemmes]] | ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]'' | [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Hieland pownie]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q7603925|documentary television program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]'' | | [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]'' | | [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-30<br/>2022-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | [[Irn-Bru]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]'' | [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | | |- | [[Johnnie Walker]] | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]'' | | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]'' | [[File:Keillers marmalade cropped.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]'' | | [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1892).jpeg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | | ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | [[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | | ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | [[Limmy's Show]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''<br/>[[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]'' | [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]'' | | [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]'' | | | | [[Heavy metal muisic|heavy metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]'' | [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]'' | | [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808 | ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | [[Maud]] | | [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Mealie]] | | [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]'' | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-05 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Pop muisic|pop]]<br/>''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | |- | ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]'' | ''[[:d:Q944887|blended malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]'' | | [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]'' | | [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | [[North Ronaldsay sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]'' | [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]'' | [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]'' | | [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1752" | 1752 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140090056|Off The Boat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q98528277|Celtic folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>[[free saftware]] | [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-18<br/>2020-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]'' | | [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]'' | | [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Plain laif]] | | [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]'' | [[Business|buisiness]] | | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]'' | | [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | |- | [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | [[Red Kola]] | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | |- | [[Reestit mutton]] | | [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135656125|Roll of the Baronage of Scotland]]'' | [[wabsteid]]<br/>''[[:d:Q33270056|genealogy database]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7094076|online database]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]'' | ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | | ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''<br/>[[Fowk metal]]<br/>[[Pouer metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scot Squad]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scotch ale]] | ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]'' | [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]'' | [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotch pie]] | | [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]'' | | [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotland]] | [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]] | [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="843" | 843 | | |- | [[Scotland the Brave]] | [[Naitional anthem]] | [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]'' | [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1560" | 1560 | |- | [[Scots Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Scotsport]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]'' | [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]'' | [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Daith metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shetland sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shinty]] | | [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]'' |- | [[shortbreid]] | | [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]'' | | [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]'' | | [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | |- | [[Skye Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]'' | [[beer]]<br/>''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]'' | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-10-24<br/>2013-12-19<br/>2018-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confection]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]'' | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08 | ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-12-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-11-08 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]'' | | [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]'' | | [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Stovies]] | [[fuid]] | [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | |- | ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]'' | [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]'' | [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:"Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed" concert 04.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q140088849|Tanzana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Tanzana - 482.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | | |- | [[Tartan]] | | [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]'' |- | [[Tattie scone]] | | [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|river gunboat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-12 | ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]'' | | [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | [[cuikin]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926<br/>1926-07 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30078025|The Devil That Danced on the Water: A Daughter's Quest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]'' | [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''<br/>[[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-05 | |- | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30598561|The Hired Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-03-31 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q29830265|The Memory of Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1771" | 1771<br/>1774 | [[Poetry]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[The National]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | |- | ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878<br/>1878-06 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | | ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1739" | 1739-02-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]'' | [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[The Shetland Times]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]'' | [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1759" | 1759 | ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853 | ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]'' | | [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | |- | ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]'' | [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]] | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q7834250|transgressive fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]'' | [[video gemme]] | [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-13<br/>2023-02-16<br/>2023-03-15<br/>2023-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-03-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | [[Whisky]] | | [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Pop muisic|pop]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134556|single]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]'' | [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-04-28 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8036851|Worm of Linton]]'' | [[draigon]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} 5tpbwcgxm0lbf5wt698u3izuvidqul2 0 229257 918962 917284 2026-07-04T16:09:35Z Jahoda333 133824 918962 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Roushian-Ukrainian War'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) is an ongangin an protractit war that stertit I February 2014, primarily involvin [[Roushie]] and pro-[[Roushie|Roushia]]n forces on the ane whore hand, and btch [[Ukraine]] on the bastardither. The war haes centefuckrt on the status o the [[Crimea]] an passairts o the [[Donbas]], whilk is lairgely internationally recognised as pairt o Ukraineshit. Follaein the [[Euromaidan]] protests an the subsequent oottakkin o the Ukrainian preses Viktor Yanukovych on Februar 22t, an amang pro-Roushian wanpeace i Ukraine, Roushian sodgers wioot insignias taen control o strategic poseitions an infrastructure athin the Ukrainian territory o Crimea. On Mairch 1t, 2014, the federation cooncil o the Roushian Federation unanimously adoptit a resolution tae peteition Roushian heid ane [[Vladimir Putin]] tae uise militar force i Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации|language=ru}}</ref> The resolution wis adoptit several days efter, efter the stert o the Roushian militar operation on the "returnin o the Crimea". Russia then annexit the Crimea efter a widely criticised local referendum whilk wis organised bi Roushie efter the capturrin o the Crimean pairliament whase eftercome wis fur the Autonomous Republic o Crimea tae jyne the Roushian Federation.<ref name="uk.reuters.com">{{Citation|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015007/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/17/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2014|title=Putin admits Russian forces were deployed to Crimea|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=17 April 2014|quote='We had to take unavoidable steps so that events did not develop as they are currently developing in southeast Ukraine. ... Of course our troops stood behind Crimea's self-defence forces.'}}</ref><ref name="Wpostx01">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2014/03/16/ccec2132-acd4-11e3-a06a-e3230a43d6cb_story.html |title=Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia |first1=Carol |last1=Morello |first2=Pamela |last2=Constable |first3=Anthony |last3=Faiola |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Maskarovka">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y|title=BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style|work=BBC|access-date= 11 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html|title=Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine&nbsp;— The Washington Post|work=washingtonpost.com|access-date=14 September 2014|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=17 April 2014}}</ref> I April, demonstrations bi pro-Roushian groups i the Donbas area o Ukraine escalatit intae a war atween the Ukrainian government an the Roushian-backit separatist forces o the sel-declaret Donetsk an Luhansk Fowk's Republics. I August, Roushian militar vehicles crosst the mairch i several locations o the [[Donetsk Oblast]].<ref name="tg01xaa">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/03/ukraine-soldier-youre-better-clueless-because-truth-horrible-moscow-ilovaysk|title=Russian soldier: 'You're better clueless because the truth is horrible'|author=Shaun Walker|author2=Oksana Grytsenko|author3=Leonid Ragozin|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Time0x01">{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3142580/ukrain-russia-luhansk-donetsk-rebels-reinforcements/|agency=TIME|author=Per Liljas|title=Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced|date=19 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="how the war transformed">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/how-the-war-zone-transformed-between-june-16-and-sept-19-infographic-365795.html|title=How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19|work=KyivPost|date=25 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tanks white circles">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanks-exclusive-idUSKCN0IC1GE20141023|title=Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement|work=Reuters | date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debaltseve pocket in Donbas was created mainly by Russian troops – Yashin|url=https://www.unian.info/war/1065276-debaltseve-pocket-in-donbas-was-created-by-russian-troops-yashin.html|access-date=3 February 2022|website=www.unian.info|language=en}}</ref> the incursion bi the Roushian military wis seen as responsible fur the defeat o Ukrainian forces i early September.<ref name="ch40x02">{{Cite web|date=2 September 2014|title=Evidence of Russian presence in Ukraine|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/tensions-still-high-in-ukraine-video|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Channel 4 News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/ukraine-ceasefire-frontline-counting-cost-war-uneasy-calm|title=Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm|author=Luke Harding|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> I November 2014, the Ukrainian militar reportit intensive troop an equipment muivement frae Roushie intae the separatist-controlt pairts o the eastern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|title=Kiev claims 'intensive' movements of troops crossing from Russia|date=2 November 2014|work=AFP|access-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114002830/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|archive-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> The Associated Press reportit fuck 40 wanmerkit military vehicles on the move i rebel-controlt areas.<ref name="various reuters">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0IT0AF20141109| title=worst east Ukraine shelling for month | date=9 November 2014 | work=Reuters | access-date=10 November 2014 | author=various reuters}}</ref> The Organisation fur Security an Comploutherin i Europe (OSCE) special monitorin mission observit convoys o heivy wappens an tanks i dpr-controllit territory without insignia.<ref name="osce.org">{{cite web | url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/126483 | title=Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 8 November 2014 | publisher=osce.org | date=8 November 2014 | access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE monitors furer statit they observit vehicles transportin ammuneition an sodgers' deid bodies crossin the Roushian-Ukrainian mairch unner the guise o humanitarian biach aid convoys.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30039004|title= Ukraine crisis: Russian 'Cargo 200' crossed border&nbsp;— OSCE | publisher = BBC | date=13 November 2014 | access-date = 13 November 2014}}</ref> As o early August 2015, the OSCE observit ower 21 siclike vehicles merkit wi the Roushian militar code fur sodgers killt i action.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2015|title=OSCE monitors saw 21 coffins with dead soldiers cross Russian-Ukrainian border since August 2014 – Aug. 06, 2015|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/osce-monitors-saw-21-coffins-with-dead-soldiers-cross-russian-ukrainian-border-since-august-2014-395206.html|access-date=17 November 2020|website=[[KyivPost]]}}</ref> By the wey o the Moscow Times, Roushie haes tried tae counger an wheesht human richts wirkers communin Rou whore shian sodgers' daiths i the conflict.<ref name="Moscow Times">{{cite news|date=12 September 2014|title=Moscow Stifles Dissent as Soldiers Return From Ukraine in Coffins|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/09/12/moscow-stifles-dissent-as-soldiers-return-from-ukraine-in-coffins-a39354|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE haes time an again reportit that its observers wis na-said ingate tae the auries controlt bi "combined Roushian-separatist forces, biach".<ref>{{cite web|title=Response to Special Representative in Ukraine Ambassador Martin Sajdik and OSCE Special Monitoring Mission Chief Monitor Ertugrul Apakan|url=http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|website=U.S. Mission to the OSCE|date=4 November 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145845/http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> The feck o the memmers o (fuck) the internaitional commonty<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/countries-react-to-russian-intervention-in-crimea.html|title=The world reacts to Russia's military intervention in Crimea|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/11/15/un-committee-passes-resolution-on-crimea-condemning-russian-occupation.html|title=UN committee passes resolution on Crimea, condemning Russian occupation {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|date=15 November 2016|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|title=OSCE Parliamentary Assembly adopts resolution condemning Russia's continuing actions in Ukraine|website=www.oscepa.org|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313194936/http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and organisations like [[Amnesty International]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/ukraine-mounting-evidence-war-crimes-and-russian-involvement/|title=Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement|website=www.amnesty.org|date=7 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> haes condamnt Roushie fur its actions i post-revolutionar Ukraine, accuisin it o breakin internaitional law an deforcin Ukrainian soveranety. Mony kintras implementit economic sanctions agin Roushie, Roushian individuals or companies.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Fjaertoft|first2=Daniel|date=2015|title= Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281776234|journal=Oil and Gas Journal|volume=113|issue=8|pages=66–72}}</ref> I October 2015, the Washington Post (motherfuckers) reportit that Roushie haes redeployed some o its elite units frae Ukraine tae Syria fur tae uphaud Syrian heid ane Bashar Al-assad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |title=Russia said to redeploy special-ops forces from Ukraine to Syria |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=24 October 2015 |access-date=24 October 2015 |quote="The special forces were pulled out of Ukraine and sent to Syria," a Russian Ministry of Defense official said, adding that they had been serving in territories in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russia rebels. The official described them as "akin to a Delta Force," the U.S. Army's elite counterterrorism unit. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024085128/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |archive-date=24 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> I Desember 2015, Roushian Federation heid ane Vladimir Putin admittit that russian military intelligence officers wis operatin i ukraine, insistin thouch thon they wernae the same as regular troops.<ref name="GN151217">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=17 December 2015|title=Putin admits Russian military presence in Ukraine for first time|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=Moscow|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/vladimir-putin-admits-russian-military-presence-ukraine}}</ref> As o february 2019, 7% o Ukraine's territory is classified bi the Ukrainian government as temporarily occupied territories.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/ga12122.doc.htm| title=Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region |date=20 February 2019| access-date= 16 May 2019 | publisher=United Nations}}</ref> In Mairch and April 2021, Russia sterted tae mass thoosans o military gads an graith naur its mairch wi Ukraine, shawen the heichest micht mobilisation syne the kintra's owertakkin o Crimea in 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Steve|last2=Shalal|first2=Andrea|last3=Landay|first3=Jonathan|others=File photo by Kevin Lamarque|date=8 April 2021|title=Russian force on Ukraine border larger than any time since 2014, U.S. says|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Corporation]]|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|editor-last=Paul|editor-first=Franklin; Dunham, Will|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-usa-idUSKBN2BV2Z3|access-date=8 February 2022|quote=Russia has more troops on Ukraine’s eastern border than at any time since 2014, when it annexed Crimea and backed separatist territory seizures, and the United States is concerned by growing “Russian aggressions,” the White House said on Thursday.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|others=Article updated 30 April 2021|date=9 April 2021|title=Russian Troop Movements and Talk of Intervention Cause Jitters in Ukraine|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|location=[[Moscow]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-troops-intervention.html|access-date=8 February 2022|issn=0362-4331|quote=Russia has amassed more troops on the Ukrainian border than at any time since 2014.}}</ref> On the 24t o Febiveer, Putin began the [[2022 Roushian invasion o Ukraine]] (and fuck gays). == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Roushian-Ukrainian War]] [[Category:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|+]] [[Category:2010s conflicts]] [[Category:2010s in Russia]] [[Category:2010s in Ukraine]] [[Category:2020s conflicts]] [[Category:2020s in Russia]] [[Category:2020s in Ukraine]] [[Category:Conflicts in Ukraine]] [[Category:Invasions by Russia]] [[Category:Invasions of Ukraine]] [[Category:Wars involving Russia]] [[Category:Wars involving Ukraine]] [[Category:Post-Soviet conflicts]] [[Category:Russia–Ukraine military relations]] [[Category:Russian–Ukrainian wars]] [[Category:War in Donbas|+]] [[Category:21st-century military history of Russia]] [[Category:Russian irredentism]] [[Category:Ongoing conflicts]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2022]] fi9kodqbpyjidvel5sjm2a4juvdvvmo 918987 918962 2026-07-04T16:28:30Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Findinscots 917284 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Roushian-Ukrainian War'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9KMDwAAQBAJ&q=timothy+snyder+road+to+unfreedom|title=The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America|last=Snyder|first=Timothy|publisher=Tim Duggan Books|year=2018|isbn=9780525574477|location=New York|page=197|quote=Almost everyone lost the Russo-Ukrainian war: Russia, Ukraine, the EU, the United States. The only winner was China.}}; {{Cite journal|last=Mulford|first=Joshua P.|date=2016|title=Non-State Actors in the Russo-Ukrainian War|journal=Connections|volume=15|issue=2|pages=89–107|issn=1812-1098|jstor=26326442|doi=10.11610/Connections.15.2.07|doi-access=free}}; {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhspDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Russo-Ukrainian+war%22&pg=PA134|title=Multicultural Societies and their Threats: Real, Hybrid and Media Wars in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe|last1=Shevko|first1=Demian|last2=Khrul|first2=Kristina|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|year=2017|isbn=9783643908254|editor-last=Gutsul|editor-first=Nazarii|location=Zürich|page=100|chapter=Why the Conflict Between Russia and Ukraine Is a Hybrid Aggression Against the West and Nothing Else|editor-last2=Khrul|editor-first2=Kristina}}</ref> ({{lang-uk|російсько-українська війна|rosiisko-ukrainska viina}}) is an ongangin an protractit war that stertit i Februar 2014, primarily involvin [[Roushie]] an pro-[[Roushie|Roushia]]n forces on the ane hand, an [[Ukraine]] on the tither. The war haes centert on the status o the [[Crimea]] an pairts o the [[Donbas]], whilk is lairgely internationally recognised as pairt o Ukraine. Follaein the [[Euromaidan]] protests an the subsequent oottakkin o the Ukrainian preses Viktor Yanukovych on Februar 22t, an amang pro-Roushian wanpeace i Ukraine, Roushian sodgers wioot insignias taen control o strategic poseitions an infrastructure athin the Ukrainian territory o Crimea. On Mairch 1t, 2014, the federation cooncil o the Roushian Federation unanimously adoptit a resolution tae peteition Roushian heid ane [[Vladimir Putin]] tae uise militar force i Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Совет Федерации дал согласие на использование Вооруженных Сил России на территории Украины|url=http://council.gov.ru/events/news/39851/|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации|language=ru}}</ref> The resolution wis adoptit several days efter, efter the stert o the Roushian militar operation on the "returnin o the Crimea". Russia then annexit the Crimea efter a widely criticised local referendum whilk wis organised bi Roushie efter the capturrin o the Crimean pairliament whase eftercome wis fur the Autonomous Republic o Crimea tae jyne the Roushian Federation.<ref name="uk.reuters.com">{{Citation|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015007/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/17/russia-putin-crimea-idUKL6N0N921H20140417|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2014|title=Putin admits Russian forces were deployed to Crimea|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|date=17 April 2014|quote='We had to take unavoidable steps so that events did not develop as they are currently developing in southeast Ukraine. ... Of course our troops stood behind Crimea's self-defence forces.'}}</ref><ref name="Wpostx01">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2014/03/16/ccec2132-acd4-11e3-a06a-e3230a43d6cb_story.html |title=Crimeans vote in referendum on whether to break away from Ukraine, join Russia |first1=Carol |last1=Morello |first2=Pamela |last2=Constable |first3=Anthony |last3=Faiola |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="Maskarovka">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y|title=BBC Radio 4 – Analysis, Maskirovka: Deception Russian-Style|work=BBC|access-date= 11 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/putin-changes-course-admits-russian-troops-were-in-crimea-before-vote/2014/04/17/b3300a54-c617-11e3-bf7a-be01a9b69cf1_story.html|title=Putin's remarks raise fears of future moves against Ukraine&nbsp;— The Washington Post|work=washingtonpost.com|access-date=14 September 2014|first=Kathy|last=Lally|date=17 April 2014}}</ref> I April, demonstrations bi pro-Roushian groups i the Donbas area o Ukraine escalatit intae a war atween the Ukrainian government an the Roushian-backit separatist forces o the sel-declaret Donetsk an Luhansk Fowk's Republics. I August, Roushian militar vehicles crosst the mairch i several locations o the [[Donetsk Oblast]].<ref name="tg01xaa">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/03/ukraine-soldier-youre-better-clueless-because-truth-horrible-moscow-ilovaysk|title=Russian soldier: 'You're better clueless because the truth is horrible'|author=Shaun Walker|author2=Oksana Grytsenko|author3=Leonid Ragozin|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=4 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="Time0x01">{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/3142580/ukrain-russia-luhansk-donetsk-rebels-reinforcements/|agency=TIME|author=Per Liljas|title=Rebels in Besieged Ukrainian City Reportedly Being Reinforced|date=19 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="how the war transformed">{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/how-the-war-zone-transformed-between-june-16-and-sept-19-infographic-365795.html|title=How the war zone transformed between June 16 and Sept. 19|work=KyivPost|date=25 September 2014|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tanks white circles">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-tanks-exclusive-idUSKCN0IC1GE20141023|title=Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement|work=Reuters | date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Debaltseve pocket in Donbas was created mainly by Russian troops – Yashin|url=https://www.unian.info/war/1065276-debaltseve-pocket-in-donbas-was-created-by-russian-troops-yashin.html|access-date=3 February 2022|website=www.unian.info|language=en}}</ref> the incursion bi the Roushian military wis seen as responsible fur the defeat o Ukrainian forces i early September.<ref name="ch40x02">{{Cite web|date=2 September 2014|title=Evidence of Russian presence in Ukraine|url=https://www.channel4.com/news/tensions-still-high-in-ukraine-video|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Channel 4 News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/ukraine-ceasefire-frontline-counting-cost-war-uneasy-calm|title=Ukraine ceasefire leaves frontline counting cost of war in uneasy calm|author=Luke Harding|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014|access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> I November 2014, the Ukrainian militar reportit intensive troop an equipment muivement frae Roushie intae the separatist-controlt pairts o the eastern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|title=Kiev claims 'intensive' movements of troops crossing from Russia|date=2 November 2014|work=AFP|access-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114002830/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kiev-claims-intensive-movements-troops-crossing-russia-123248755.html|archive-date=14 November 2014}}</ref> The Associated Press reportit 40 wanmerkit military vehicles on the move i rebel-controlt areas.<ref name="various reuters">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSKBN0IT0AF20141109| title=worst east Ukraine shelling for month | date=9 November 2014 | work=Reuters | access-date=10 November 2014 | author=various reuters}}</ref> The Organisation fur Security an Comploutherin i Europe (OSCE) special monitorin mission observit convoys o heivy wappens an tanks i dpr-controllit territory without insignia.<ref name="osce.org">{{cite web | url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/126483 | title=Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 8 November 2014 | publisher=osce.org | date=8 November 2014 | access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE monitors furer statit they observit vehicles transportin ammuneition an sodgers' deid bodies crossin the Roushian-Ukrainian mairch unner the guise o humanitarian aid convoys.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30039004|title= Ukraine crisis: Russian 'Cargo 200' crossed border&nbsp;— OSCE | publisher = BBC | date=13 November 2014 | access-date = 13 November 2014}}</ref> As o early August 2015, the OSCE observit ower 21 siclike vehicles merkit wi the Roushian militar code fur sodgers killt i action.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 August 2015|title=OSCE monitors saw 21 coffins with dead soldiers cross Russian-Ukrainian border since August 2014 – Aug. 06, 2015|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/osce-monitors-saw-21-coffins-with-dead-soldiers-cross-russian-ukrainian-border-since-august-2014-395206.html|access-date=17 November 2020|website=[[KyivPost]]}}</ref> By the wey o the Moscow Times, Roushie haes tried tae counger an wheesht human richts wirkers communin Roushian sodgers' daiths i the conflict.<ref name="Moscow Times">{{cite news|date=12 September 2014|title=Moscow Stifles Dissent as Soldiers Return From Ukraine in Coffins|work=[[The Moscow Times]]|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/09/12/moscow-stifles-dissent-as-soldiers-return-from-ukraine-in-coffins-a39354|access-date=9 November 2014}}</ref> OSCE haes time an again reportit that its observers wis na-said ingate tae the auries controlt bi "combined Roushian-separatist forces".<ref>{{cite web|title=Response to Special Representative in Ukraine Ambassador Martin Sajdik and OSCE Special Monitoring Mission Chief Monitor Ertugrul Apakan|url=http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|website=U.S. Mission to the OSCE|date=4 November 2015|access-date=6 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222145845/http://osce.usmission.gov/nov_4_15_ukraine_sajdik_apakan.html|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> The feck o the memmers o the internaitional commonty<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/countries-react-to-russian-intervention-in-crimea.html|title=The world reacts to Russia's military intervention in Crimea|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/11/15/un-committee-passes-resolution-on-crimea-condemning-russian-occupation.html|title=UN committee passes resolution on Crimea, condemning Russian occupation {{!}} Toronto Star|website=thestar.com|date=15 November 2016|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|title=OSCE Parliamentary Assembly adopts resolution condemning Russia's continuing actions in Ukraine|website=www.oscepa.org|access-date=9 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313194936/http://www.oscepa.org/news-a-media/press-releases/2273-osce-parliamentary-assembly-adopts-resolution-condemning-russia-s-actions-in-ukraine|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and organisations like [[Amnesty International]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/09/ukraine-mounting-evidence-war-crimes-and-russian-involvement/|title=Ukraine: Mounting evidence of war crimes and Russian involvement|website=www.amnesty.org|date=7 September 2014|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> haes condamnt Roushie fur its actions i post-revolutionar Ukraine, accuisin it o breakin internaitional law an deforcin Ukrainian soveranety. Mony kintras implementit economic sanctions agin Roushie, Roushian individuals or companies.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Overland|first1=Indra|last2=Fjaertoft|first2=Daniel|date=2015|title= Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281776234|journal=Oil and Gas Journal|volume=113|issue=8|pages=66–72}}</ref> I October 2015, the Washington Post reportit that Roushie haes redeployed some o its elite units frae Ukraine tae Syria fur tae uphaud Syrian heid ane Bashar Al-assad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |title=Russia said to redeploy special-ops forces from Ukraine to Syria |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |date=24 October 2015 |access-date=24 October 2015 |quote="The special forces were pulled out of Ukraine and sent to Syria," a Russian Ministry of Defense official said, adding that they had been serving in territories in eastern Ukraine held by pro-Russia rebels. The official described them as "akin to a Delta Force," the U.S. Army's elite counterterrorism unit. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024085128/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/10/24/russia-said-to-redeploy-special-ops-forces-from-ukraine-to-syria/ |archive-date=24 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> I Desember 2015, Roushian Federation heid ane Vladimir Putin admittit that russian military intelligence officers wis operatin i ukraine, insistin thouch thon they wernae the same as regular troops.<ref name="GN151217">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=17 December 2015|title=Putin admits Russian military presence in Ukraine for first time|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=Moscow|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/vladimir-putin-admits-russian-military-presence-ukraine}}</ref> As o february 2019, 7% o Ukraine's territory is classified bi the Ukrainian government as temporarily occupied territories.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/ga12122.doc.htm| title=Speakers Urge Peaceful Settlement to Conflict in Ukraine, Underline Support for Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity of Crimea, Donbas Region |date=20 February 2019| access-date= 16 May 2019 | publisher=United Nations}}</ref> In Mairch and April 2021, Russia sterted tae mass thoosans o military gads an graith naur its mairch wi Ukraine, shawen the heichest micht mobilisation syne the kintra's owertakkin o Crimea in 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Holland|first1=Steve|last2=Shalal|first2=Andrea|last3=Landay|first3=Jonathan|others=File photo by Kevin Lamarque|date=8 April 2021|title=Russian force on Ukraine border larger than any time since 2014, U.S. says|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thomson Corporation]]|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|editor-last=Paul|editor-first=Franklin; Dunham, Will|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-usa-idUSKBN2BV2Z3|access-date=8 February 2022|quote=Russia has more troops on Ukraine’s eastern border than at any time since 2014, when it annexed Crimea and backed separatist territory seizures, and the United States is concerned by growing “Russian aggressions,” the White House said on Thursday.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|others=Article updated 30 April 2021|date=9 April 2021|title=Russian Troop Movements and Talk of Intervention Cause Jitters in Ukraine|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|location=[[Moscow]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-troops-intervention.html|access-date=8 February 2022|issn=0362-4331|quote=Russia has amassed more troops on the Ukrainian border than at any time since 2014.}}</ref> On the 24t o Febiveer, Putin began the [[2022 Roushian invasion o Ukraine]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Roushian-Ukrainian War]] [[Category:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|+]] [[Category:2010s conflicts]] [[Category:2010s in Russia]] [[Category:2010s in Ukraine]] [[Category:2020s conflicts]] [[Category:2020s in Russia]] [[Category:2020s in Ukraine]] [[Category:Conflicts in Ukraine]] [[Category:Invasions by Russia]] [[Category:Invasions of Ukraine]] [[Category:Wars involving Russia]] [[Category:Wars involving Ukraine]] [[Category:Post-Soviet conflicts]] [[Category:Russia–Ukraine military relations]] [[Category:Russian–Ukrainian wars]] [[Category:War in Donbas|+]] [[Category:21st-century military history of Russia]] [[Category:Russian irredentism]] [[Category:Ongoing conflicts]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2022]] e8q2dl0zqpudxj0lrtl074gzhh1if8p 0 231760 918963 907880 2026-07-04T16:11:02Z Jahoda333 133824 918963 wikitext text/x-wiki The fuck '''Gaza–Israel war''' is a localised pairt of fucking Arab terroist the Israeli–Palestinian conflick beginnin in 1948, whan 200,000 Palestinians flichtit or wis herried oot frae thair hames, sattlin i the [[Gaza Strip]] as a motherfucking happening refugees. Sin syne, Israel hes focht 15<ref name="fifteenwars">{{Cite news|last=[[Jean-Pierre Filiu]]|title=French historian: Israel destroyed 4,000-year-old culture in Gaza|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/1/11/french-historian-israel-destroyed-4000-year-old-culture-in-gaza}}</ref> wars agin the Gaza Strip. The nummer o Gazans killt (fuck Arabs)i the maist racent 2023-2025 war — 27,000 — is heicher nor the deith toll o aw ither wars o the Arab-Israeli conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=21 December 2023|title=Gaza Deaths Surpass Any Arab Loss in Wars With Israel in Past 40 Years|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/world/middleeast/gaza-death-toll-palestinians.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-05|title=Live updates {{!}} Israeli strikes raise Gaza death toll as Blinken heads to Mideast|language=en-US|work=The Hill|agency=Associated Press|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-live-updates-israeli-strikes-raise-gaza-death-toll-as-blinken-heads-to-mideast/|access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Gaza Strip]] [[Category:2023 daiths]] [[Category:War]] [[Category:Israel]] [[Category:2022 daiths]] [[Category:2000s]] [[Category:2006]] [[Category:2010s]] 4o53dq0qy6mnu8j57ukxmuo9rq3js16 918989 918963 2026-07-04T16:28:38Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Ruetus 907880 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Gaza–Israel war''' is a localised pairt o the Israeli–Palestinian conflick beginnin in 1948, whan 200,000 Palestinians flichtit or wis herried oot frae thair hames, sattlin i the [[Gaza Strip]] as refugees. Sin syne, Israel hes focht 15<ref name="fifteenwars">{{Cite news|last=[[Jean-Pierre Filiu]]|title=French historian: Israel destroyed 4,000-year-old culture in Gaza|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/1/11/french-historian-israel-destroyed-4000-year-old-culture-in-gaza}}</ref> wars agin the Gaza Strip. The nummer o Gazans killt i the maist racent 2023-2025 war — 27,000 — is heicher nor the deith toll o aw ither wars o the Arab-Israeli conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=21 December 2023|title=Gaza Deaths Surpass Any Arab Loss in Wars With Israel in Past 40 Years|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/world/middleeast/gaza-death-toll-palestinians.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-05|title=Live updates {{!}} Israeli strikes raise Gaza death toll as Blinken heads to Mideast|language=en-US|work=The Hill|agency=Associated Press|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-live-updates-israeli-strikes-raise-gaza-death-toll-as-blinken-heads-to-mideast/|access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Gaza Strip]] [[Category:2023 daiths]] [[Category:War]] [[Category:Israel]] [[Category:2022 daiths]] [[Category:2000s]] [[Category:2006]] [[Category:2010s]] 050dtkqxptkwrddggem68ygbtv4bq64 0 232633 918959 906036 2026-07-04T16:03:14Z Jahoda333 133824 918959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography|name=David Clunie|image=|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1948|03|16}}|birth_place=[[Edinburrie]], Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|22|1948|03|16}}|death_place=Edinburrie, Scotland|height=|position=Fou-back|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Salvesen's Boys Club|years1=1966–1977|clubs1=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]|caps1=224|goals1=5|years2=1977|clubs2=[[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]]|caps2=1|goals2=0|years3=1977–1978|clubs3=[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]|caps3=34|goals3=0|totalcaps=259|totalgoals=5|nationalyears1=1969|nationalteam1=Scottish Football League XI|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=1970|nationalteam2=Scotland U23|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0}} '''David Clunie''' (16 Mairch 1948 – 22 Apryle 2025) was a Scottish professional [[Fitba|fitbawer]] who played as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)|fou-back]] for [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Herts]], [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]] and [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]. [[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players]] [[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League representative players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] [[Category:Scotland unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw fullbacks]] [[Category:1948 births]] r7o7b5ksr1v7cszv6qmlezs2erbvoms 918984 918959 2026-07-04T16:28:17Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Munci 906036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography|name=David Clunie|image=|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1948|03|16}}|birth_place=[[Edinburrie]], Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|22|1948|03|16}}|death_place=Edinburrie, Scotland|height=|position=Fou-back|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Salvesen's Boys Club|years1=1966–1977|clubs1=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]|caps1=224|goals1=5|years2=1977|clubs2=[[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]]|caps2=1|goals2=0|years3=1977–1978|clubs3=[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]|caps3=34|goals3=0|totalcaps=259|totalgoals=5|nationalyears1=1969|nationalteam1=Scottish Football League XI|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=1970|nationalteam2=Scotland U23|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0}} '''David Clunie''' (16 Mairch 1948 – 22 Apryle 2025) wis a Scottish professional [[Fitba|fitbawer]] wha played as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)|fou-back]] fur [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Herts]], [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]] an [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]. [[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players]] [[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League representative players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] [[Category:Scotland unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw fullbacks]] [[Category:1948 births]] 86pryf2584a60twxgxpit82r4u6jwoy 919008 918984 2026-07-04T16:37:34Z Jahoda333 133824 919008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography|name=David Clunie|image=|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1948|03|16}}|birth_place=[[Edinburrie]], Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|22|1948|03|16}}|death_place=Edinburrie, Scotland|height=|position=Fou-back|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Salvesen's Boys Club|years1=1966–1977|clubs1=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]|caps1=224|goals1=5|years2=1977|clubs2=[[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]]|caps2=1|goals2=0|years3=1977–1978|clubs3=[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]|caps3=34|goals3=0|totalcaps=259|totalgoals=5|nationalyears1=1969|nationalteam1=Scottish Football League XI|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=1970|nationalteam2=Scotland U23|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0}} '''David Clunie''' (16 Mairch 1948 – 22 Apryle 2025) wis a Scottish professional [[Fitba|fitbawer]] wha played as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)|fou-back]] fur [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Herts]], [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]] an [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]. 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BI [[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players]] [[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League representative players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] [[Category:Scotland unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw fullbacks]] [[Category:1948 births]] h4nzdi8vdie519otfx3pfyxfzl2n2bm 919009 919008 2026-07-04T16:37:43Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 906036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography|name=David Clunie|image=|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1948|03|16}}|birth_place=[[Edinburrie]], Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|22|1948|03|16}}|death_place=Edinburrie, Scotland|height=|position=Fou-back|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Salvesen's Boys Club|years1=1966–1977|clubs1=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]|caps1=224|goals1=5|years2=1977|clubs2=[[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]]|caps2=1|goals2=0|years3=1977–1978|clubs3=[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]|caps3=34|goals3=0|totalcaps=259|totalgoals=5|nationalyears1=1969|nationalteam1=Scottish Football League XI|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=1970|nationalteam2=Scotland U23|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0}} '''David Clunie''' (16 Mairch 1948 – 22 Apryle 2025) wis a Scottish professional [[Fitba|fitbawer]] wha played as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)|fou-back]] fur [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Herts]], [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]] an [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]. [[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players]] [[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League representative players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] [[Category:Scotland unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw fullbacks]] [[Category:1948 births]] 86pryf2584a60twxgxpit82r4u6jwoy 919021 919009 2026-07-05T01:26:06Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography|name=David Clunie|image=|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1948|03|16}}|birth_place=[[Edinburrie]], Scotland|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2025|04|22|1948|03|16}}|death_place=Edinburrie, Scotland|height=|position=Fou-back|youthyears1=|youthclubs1=Salvesen's Boys Club|years1=1966–1977|clubs1=[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]|caps1=224|goals1=5|years2=1977|clubs2=[[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]]|caps2=1|goals2=0|years3=1977–1978|clubs3=[[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]|caps3=34|goals3=0|totalcaps=259|totalgoals=5|nationalyears1=1969|nationalteam1=Scottish Football League XI|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=1970|nationalteam2=Scotland U23|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0}} '''David Clunie''' (16 Mairch 1948 – 22 Aprile 2025) wis a Scots professional [[Fitba|fitbawer]] wha pleyed as a [[Defender (association fitbaw)|fou-back]] fur [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Herts]], [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]] an [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]]. [[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players]] [[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Heart of Midlothian F.C. players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League representative players]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] [[Category:Scotland unner-23 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw fullbacks]] [[Category:1948 births]] 5tzsrks1m6fkgnklkn0b2w4ci6etfco 0 232697 918964 911160 2026-07-04T16:12:09Z Jahoda333 133824 918964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zaire_97_kivus.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Map o the eastren Democratic Republic o Congo]] [[File:Kivu.png|thumb|200x200px|North Kivu an Sooth Kivu ("the Kivus")]] '''Kivu''' is a fucking muckle region i the eastren nigga [[Democratic Republic o the Congo]] at shitty bunds the Loch Kivu. Syne 1988, it is three provinces. wis a ''Région'' o the kintra unner the rule o Mobutu Sese Seko frae 1966 til 1988. As an offeicial ''Région'' in 1986, it wis dividit intae the three "Sub-Regions" (''Sous-Régions'' in French): Nord-Kivu, banana cake Sud-Kivu and GAY Maniema,<ref>{{Cite book|last=[[International Crisis Group]]|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/151-congo-a-comprehensive-strategy-to-disarm-the-fdlr.pdf|title=Congo: A Comprehensive Strategy to Disarm the FDLR|date=9 July 2009|series=Africa Report No. 151|page=1, note 1}}</ref> Thae three becam the current provinces in the reorganisaution o 1988.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bruneau|first=Jean-Claude|date=30 June 2009|title=Les nouvelles provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo : construction territoriale et ethnicités|url=https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/1296|journal=L'Espace Politique|language=fr|volume=7|issue=2009–1|doi=10.4000/espacepolitique.1296|access-date=7 March 2025|doi-access=free}}</ref> The BLACK GAY capital o the Kivu Region wis Bukavu, and the capitals o the three Sub-Regions wis Goma, Uvira and Kindu respectively. == History == Kivu hes been repeatedly subjeckit tae major conflicks syne the airly 20t yeirhunner. Unner Belgian colonial rule, it wis the site o siveral religious revolts lik the 1944 Kivu uprisin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stearns|first=Jason|date=2012|title=North Kivu: The background to conflict in north Kivu province in eastern Congo.|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/51d3d5f04.pdf|website=refworld.org|pages=14–15}}</ref> Aifter Colngolese wanthirldom, it wis a battlegrund o the Simba rebellion, the First Congo War, an the Second Congo War, and hes been the site o the Kivu War syne the airly 2000s. I 2025, substantial pairts o the aurie cam unner the control of the 23t Mairch Muivement. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Democratic Republic o the Congo]] [[Category:1986 establishments]] q9oetcmea9pza1eyhrk1jb2fkr4bsvy 918988 918964 2026-07-04T16:28:34Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 907004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zaire_97_kivus.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Map o the eastren Democratic Republic o Congo]] [[File:Kivu.png|thumb|200x200px|North Kivu an Sooth Kivu ("the Kivus")]] '''Kivu''' is a muckle region i the eastren [[Democratic Republic o the Congo]] at bunds the Loch Kivu. Syne 1988, it is three provinces. wis a ''Région'' o the kintra unner the rule o Mobutu Sese Seko frae 1966 til 1988. As an offeicial ''Région'' in 1986, it wis dividit intae the three "Sub-Regions" (''Sous-Régions'' in French): Nord-Kivu, Sud-Kivu and Maniema,<ref>{{Cite book|last=[[International Crisis Group]]|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/151-congo-a-comprehensive-strategy-to-disarm-the-fdlr.pdf|title=Congo: A Comprehensive Strategy to Disarm the FDLR|date=9 July 2009|series=Africa Report No. 151|page=1, note 1}}</ref> Thae three becam the current provinces in the reorganisaution o 1988.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bruneau|first=Jean-Claude|date=30 June 2009|title=Les nouvelles provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo : construction territoriale et ethnicités|url=https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/1296|journal=L'Espace Politique|language=fr|volume=7|issue=2009–1|doi=10.4000/espacepolitique.1296|access-date=7 March 2025|doi-access=free}}</ref> The capital o the Kivu Region wis Bukavu, and the capitals o the three Sub-Regions wis Goma, Uvira and Kindu respectively. == History == Kivu hes been repeatedly subjeckit tae major conflicks syne the airly 20t yeirhunner. Unner Belgian colonial rule, it wis the site o siveral religious revolts lik the 1944 Kivu uprisin.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stearns|first=Jason|date=2012|title=North Kivu: The background to conflict in north Kivu province in eastern Congo.|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/51d3d5f04.pdf|website=refworld.org|pages=14–15}}</ref> Aifter Colngolese wanthirldom, it wis a battlegrund o the Simba rebellion, the First Congo War, an the Second Congo War, and hes been the site o the Kivu War syne the airly 2000s. I 2025, substantial pairts o the aurie cam unner the control of the 23t Mairch Muivement. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Democratic Republic o the Congo]] [[Category:1986 establishments]] r3dd93x605y5855ywjmk6kck1aaneb1 0 232698 918958 907006 2026-07-04T16:02:21Z Jahoda333 133824 918958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Willie_Sheret_MBE_and_St_Corry.jpg|thumb|Sheret winnin the 1975 Foxhunter Championship at the Horse o the Year Show]] '''William Shaw Sheret''', [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] (3 October 1928 – 18 April 2025) was a Scottish show jumper and a trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials Contacts - The Official Website of British Showjumping|url=https://www.britishshowjumping.co.uk/officials-contacts.cfm|website=www.britishshowjumping.co.uk}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] edl0plk2f4mumxw91oa2a7ezi44ev15 918983 918958 2026-07-04T16:28:14Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Munci 907006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Willie_Sheret_MBE_and_St_Corry.jpg|thumb|Sheret winnin the 1975 Foxhunter Championship at the Horse o the Year Show]] '''William Shaw Sheret''', [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] (3 October 1928 – 18 April 2025) wis a Scottish showjumper an trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials Contacts - The Official Website of British Showjumping|url=https://www.britishshowjumping.co.uk/officials-contacts.cfm|website=www.britishshowjumping.co.uk}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] 5mqy62k1ml6pu5emmii2biyj9xtzzg0 918996 918983 2026-07-04T16:32:13Z Jahoda333 133824 918996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Willie_Sheret_MBE_and_St_Corry.jpg|thumb|Sheret winnin the 1975 Foxhunter Championship at the Horse o the Year Show]] '''William Shaw Sheret''', [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] (3 October 1928 – 18 April 2025) wis a Scottish showjumper an trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials Contacts - The Official Website of British Showjumping|url=https://www.britishshowjumping.co.uk/officials-contacts.cfm|website=www.britishshowjumping.co.uk}}</ref>BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH V == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] m0b6yzbi4xbobuxjzrsdoc1hucr4k8b 918997 918996 2026-07-04T16:32:31Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 907006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Willie_Sheret_MBE_and_St_Corry.jpg|thumb|Sheret winnin the 1975 Foxhunter Championship at the Horse o the Year Show]] '''William Shaw Sheret''', [[Order o the Breetish Empire|MBE]] (3 October 1928 – 18 April 2025) wis a Scottish showjumper an trainer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officials Contacts - The Official Website of British Showjumping|url=https://www.britishshowjumping.co.uk/officials-contacts.cfm|website=www.britishshowjumping.co.uk}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Glesga]] [[Category:Members o the Order o the Breetish Empire]] [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2025 daiths]] 5mqy62k1ml6pu5emmii2biyj9xtzzg0 3 233534 919007 917340 2026-07-04T16:37:00Z Jahoda333 133824 /* BIACH */ new section 919007 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Quinlan83, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Quinlan83|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:24, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) == BIACH == BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH 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BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BIACH BI [[Uiser:Jahoda333|Jahoda333]] ([[Uiser collogue:Jahoda333|tauk]]) 16:37, 4 Julie 2026 (UTC) 3j8k5rgrtoeqjw4l1fnr9kuwoe0nxr0 919010 919007 2026-07-04T16:37:57Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi Mr.Murdoch78 917340 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Quinlan83, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Quinlan83|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:24, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) ezit5a9f8mqe462vo9pvxemvgutvvin 0 233587 918966 918517 2026-07-04T16:15:09Z Jahoda333 133824 918966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pape Leo XIV''' (born Robert Francis Prevost, 14 September 1955) is a fucking whore and 267t Pape of the Catholic Kirk. He's a pussy. He becam Pape on Mey 8t 2025 efter his predecessor, [[Pape Francis]] deed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.dioceseofmeath.ie/about-9|access-date=2026-06-06|website=Diocese of Meath|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} 9sx32epf9cin4qazej1snmuhzhzwdf8 918977 918966 2026-07-04T16:27:40Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o Jahoda333, chynged back tae last version bi GrimRob 918517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pape Leo XIV''' (born Robert Francis Prevost, 14 September 1955) is tha 267t Pape o the Catholic Kirk. He becam Pape on Mey 8t 2025 efter his predecessor, [[Pape Francis]] deed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pope Leo XIV|url=https://www.dioceseofmeath.ie/about-9|access-date=2026-06-06|website=Diocese of Meath|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} ttqawp4v6sptgquucz95vare7jwmm0e 0 233608 919024 918917 2026-07-05T01:49:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | caption = Eckhart in 2016 | birth_name = Aaron Edward Eckhart | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|03|12}} | birth_place = [[Cupertino, Californie]], U.S. | education = [[Brigham Young Varsity]] ([[Bachelor o Fine Airts|BFA]]) | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1992–present }} '''Aaron Edward Eckhart''' (born 12 Mairch 1968) is an American actor. Born in Cupertino, Californie, Eckhart flittit tae the Unitit Kinrick at an early age. He begoud his actin career bi performin in schuil pleys, afore flittin tae Austrailie fur his heich schuil senior year. He left heich schuil wioot graduatin, but earned a diploma throu a professional eddication coorse, an then graduatit frae Brigham Young Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah, in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree in film. As an unnergraduate at BYU, Eckhart met director an writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Five years later Eckhart makkit a debut in LaBute's bleck comedy film ''In the Company of Men'' (1997), follaed bi appearances in three mair o the director's films. Eckhart gained wide recogneetion as George in ''Erin Brockovich'' (2000), an, in 2006, he received a Gowden Globe nomination fur his portrayal o Nick Naylor in ''Thank You for Smoking''. In 2008, he pleyed a major role in Christopher Nolan's blockbuster Batman film ''The Dark Knight'' as Destrict Attorney Harvey Dent / Two-Face. He wint on tae appear in ''Love Happens'', ''Rabbit Hole'', ''Battle: Los Angeles'', ''The Rum Diary'', ''Olympus Has Fallen'' and its sequel, ''I, Frankenstein'', ''Sully'', an ''Midway''. == Early life == Eckhart wis born on 12 Mairch 1968 in Cupertino, Californie, the son o Mary Martha Lawrence, a writer, penter an poet, an James Conrad Eckhart, a computer executive. He is the yungest o three brither. His faither is o Volga German strynd, whiles his mither haes Inglis, German, Scots-Erse, an Scots ancestry. He wis brocht up as a memmer o the Kirk o Jesus Christ o Latter-day Saunts, an servit a twa-year mission in Fraunce an Swisserland. Eckhart's faimily relocatit tae the Unitit Kinrick in 1981, follaein his faither's job in information technologie. Durin thair time in the Unitit Kinrick, the faimily flittit aroond Surrey, Ingland, bidin in touns sic as Cobham, Ripley, an Walton-on-Thames. Eckhart attendit American Commonty Schuil, whaur he wis furst introduced tae actin, starnin in a schuil production as Charlie Brown. In 1985, Eckhart flittit tae Austrailie an settled in Sydney, whaur he attendit American Internaitional Schuil o Sydney fur his heich schuil senior year; he further developit his actin skeels in productions lik ''Waiting for Godot'', whaur he admits that he gae a "terrible" performance. In the hairst o his senior year, Eckhart left schuil tae tak a job at the Warringah Maw film theatre. He eventually earned his diploma throu a professional eddication coorse. This forby alloued Eckhart time tae enjoy a year o surfin in Hawaii an Fraunce, as weel as skiin in the Alps. In 1988, Eckhart returned tae the Unitit States an enrowed as a film major at Brigham Yung Varsity–Hawaii, but later transferred tae Brigham Yung Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah. He graduatit in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree. He studied actin at the William Esper Studio an aa. == Career == === Early wirk === Whiles at Brigham Yung Varsity, Eckhart kythed in the Mormon-themed film ''Godly Sorrow'', an the role markit his professional debut. At this time he met director/writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Efter graduatin frae BYU, Eckhart flittit tae New York Ceety, acquired an agent, an teuk mony occasional jobs, includin bartendin, bus drivin, an construction wirk. His furst telly roles wur in commercials. In 1994, he kythed as an extra on the telly drama series ''Beverly Hills, 90210''. Eckhart follaed this smaw pairt wi roles in documentary re-enactments (''Ancient Secrets of the Bible: Samson''), makkit-fur-telly films, an short-lived programmes lik ''Aliens in the Family''. In 1997, Eckhart wis approached bi Neil LaBute tae starn in a film adaptation o LaBute's stage pley ''In the Company of Men''. He pleyed a frustratit white-collar wirker. The film, his furst featur tae reach theatres, wis creetically weel received, wi Desson Howe o ''The Washington Post'' reportin that Eckhart is the "film's maist malignant presence". ''In the Company of Men'' wis a creetical success, winnin Best Furst Film fur LaBute at the 63rd annual New York Film Creetics Raing Awairds. His performance wan him the Independent Spirit Awaird in the category o Best Debut Performance. The film wis rankit as ane o "The 25 Maist Dangerous Films" bi ''Premiere'' magazine. The follaein year Eckhart starned in anither LaBute featur, ''Your Friends & Neighbors'' (1998), as Barry, a sexually frustratit hauf-marrae in a dysfunctional mairiage. Fur the role Eckhart wis required tae gain wecht. In 1999, he starned opposite Elisabeth Shue in ''Molly'', a romantic comedy-drama in that he pleyed the sel-absorbit brither o an autistic wumman wha wis cured bi surgery. Eckhart forby starned that year as a fitbaw coach, an offensive coordinator in Oliver Stone's ''Any Given Sunday'' === Creetical success === Eckhart furst gained wide exposur in 2000 as George, in Steven Soderbergh's drama ''Erin Brockovich''. The film wis met wi guid reviews, an wis a box office success, earnin $256 million warldwide. His performance wis weel received bi creetics; ''Entertainment Weekly''<nowiki/>'s Owen Gleiberman wrate that Eckhart "mey be playin a bit o an ideal [...] but he maks guidness as palpable as he did yuppie evil in 'In the Company of Men'." In an August 2004 interview, Eckhart claimed that he haed nae wirkit fur nearly a year afore he wis cast in the film. "A felt lik a sort o wis gettin awey frae whit a wantit tae dae as an actor. [...] A haed nine month aff, but it wasnae a vacation. Shuir, a didna earn ony money fur nine month, but ivery day a wis readin scripts, a wis producin ma awn material, a wis takin meetins, a wis wirkin on ma craft." Follaein the lowse o ''Erin Brockovich'', Eckhart co-starned wi Renée Zellweger in LaBute's ''Nurse Betty'' (2000). He neist kythed in Sean Penn's meestery featur ''The Pledge'' (2001), in that he pleyed a yung detective pairtnered wi a veteran detective, pleyed bi Jack Nicholson. The film received generally favorable reviews, but it did nae fare pairticulairly weel at the box office. The follaein year, he collaboratit wi LaBute in a film adaptation o the Man Booker Prize-winnin novelle ''Possession'' (2002). In 2003, Eckhart co-starned wi Hilary Swank in ''The Core'', a film aboot a geopheesicist wha tries tae detonate a nuclear device in order tae save the warld frae destruction. The film wis creetically an financially unsuccessfu. In 2003 an aa, he kythed in ''The Missing'', in that he pleyed Cate Blanchett's luver, an in the action-thriller ''Paycheck'' opposite Ben Affleck. ''Paycheck'', based on a short story bi science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, garnered generally negative reception. Film creetic Roger Ebert o the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' gae the film twa starns (oot o fower), sayin that he "enjoyed the film" but felt that it "exploits [Dick's story] fur its action an plot potential, but niver really develops it." The follaein year, awey frae film, Eckhart guest starned in twa episode o NBC's comedy sitcom ''Frasier'', whaur he pleyed a ladfreend o Charlotte, Dr. Frasier Crane's luve interest. His neist film role wis in E. Elias Merhige's thriller ''Suspect Zero'', a film aboot an FBI agent wha tracks doun a killer wha murthers serial killers. Upon lowse, the film received braidly negative reviews. Maugre o the reception, Eckhart's performance wis favored bi creetics; ''Newsday'' wrate that Eckhart wis a "clessically haundsome leadin man ... but Merhige demands o him complexity an anguish." ''Suspect Zero'' wis a box office disappyntment, earnin $11 million warldwide. In 2004 an aa, Eckhart starned on the Lunnon stage, opposite Julia Stiles, in David Mamet's ''Oleanna'' at the Garrick Theatre. The drama ran till mid-2004. Fur this performance, Eckhart received favorable creetical reviews. In 2005, returnin tae film, Eckhart kythed in ''Neverwas'' as a therapist wha taks a job at a rindoun mental hospital that ance treatit his faither (Nick Nolte). The featur wis niver gien a fou theatrical lowse, eventually bein lowsed straicht tae DVD in 2007. === Warldwide recogneetion === Eckhart's neist projeck wis ''Thank You for Smoking'', in that he pleyed Nick Naylor. Eckhart said that he felt challenged pleyin the role: "Ye hae tae say thir wirds that are crazy, an yet dae it wi a smile on yer face an hae the audience lik ye. At ane pynt, a'm daein a tauk shaw wi a bairn wha's dyin o cancer, an he's gaein throu chemotherapy an the whole thing, an a spin it sae the anti-smokin fowk are the bad men an a'm the guid man, an a'm this man's best freend. A mean, it's whacked oot. The film wis screened at a special presentation at the 30t annual Toronto Internaitional Film Fest in 2005. It haed a limitit lowse in Mairch 2006 an wis lowsed warldwide the follaein month. Fur his performance, Eckhart received a Gowden Globe nomination fur Best Actor in a Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy. A contreibutor o ''USA Today'' wrate that he gae a "staundoot, whip-smairt performance". In this same year, he starned wi Helena Bonham Carter in ''Conversations with Other Women'' (2006). Whiles promotin this film, Eckhart revealed that he wishes nae tae be teepcast or repeat himsel, sayin he daes nae want tae pley ony mair veelains. He kythed in the 2006 film noir ''The Black Dahlia''—based on a real 1947 crime—as Sergeant Leland "Lee" Blanchard, a detective investigatin the murther o Elizabeth Short, later dubbit the "Black Dahlia". The film premiered at the 63rd Venice Internaitional Film Fest. Reception fur the film wis mixed, but mony creetics enjoyed Eckhart's performance; ''Time Out'' magazine praised Eckhart an co-starn Hilary Swank fur thair performances, writin "...baith [are] muckle in thair secondary roles." == Personal life == Eckhart met actress Emily Cline durin the filmin o ''In the Company of Men'' an thay becam engaged, but thay separatit in 1998. He haes aye been reluctant tae speak aboot his relationships in interviews. Eckhart dated sangwriter an memmer o SHeDAISY Kristyn Osborn frae 2006 tae 2007. He appeared in the group's video fur thair sang "I'm Taking the Wheel". Eckhart haes notit that hypnosis helpit him tae quit drinkin, smokin, an partyin, an that he unnertaks amateur photografie in his spare time. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" style="width:5px;" | Year ! scope="col" style="width:350px;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" | Role ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" | Director ! scope="col" style="width:300px;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1992 | ''Godly Sorrow'' | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 1993 | ''[[Hot Shots! Part Deux]]'' | Prisoner | [[Jim Abrahams]] | Uncreditit |- | ''[[Slaughter of the Innocents (film)|Slaughter of the Innocents]]'' | Ken Reynolds | [[James Glickenhaus]] | |- | 1997 | ''[[In the Company of Men]]'' | Chad | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1998 | ''[[Your Friends & Neighbors (film)|Your Friends & Neighbors]]'' | Barry | |- | ''[[Thursday (film)|Thursday]]'' | Nick | [[Skip Woods]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''[[Molly (1999 film)|Molly]]'' | Buck McKay | [[John Duigan]] | |- | ''[[Any Given Sunday]]'' | Nick Crozier | [[Oliver Stone]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2000 | ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' | George | [[Steven Soderbergh]] | |- | ''[[Nurse Betty]]'' | Del Sizemore | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''Tumble'' | "Man" | |- | 2001 | ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'' | Stan Krolak | [[Sean Penn]] | |- | 2002 | ''[[Possession (2002 film)|Possession]]'' | Roland Michell | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2003 | ''[[The Core]]'' | Dr. Joshua "Josh" Keyes | [[Jon Amiel]] | |- | ''[[The Missing (2003 film)|The Missing]]'' | Brake Baldwin | [[Ron Howard]] | |- | ''[[Paycheck (film)|Paycheck]]'' | James Rethrick | [[John Woo]] | |- | 2004 | ''[[Suspect Zero]]'' | Thomas Mackelway | [[E. Elias Merhige]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2005 | ''[[Neverwas]]'' | Zach Riley | [[Joshua Michael Stern]] | Co-producer an aa |- | ''[[Thank You for Smoking (film)|Thank You for Smoking]]'' | Nick Naylor | [[Jason Reitman]] | |- | ''[[Conversations with Other Women]]'' | Man | [[Hans Canosa]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 |''[[The Wicker Man (2006 film)|The Wicker Man]]'' | Truck Stop Patron | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | Sgt. Lee Blanchard | [[Brian De Palma]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[[No Reservations (film)|No Reservations]]'' | Nick Palmer | [[Scott Hicks (director)|Scott Hicks]] | |- | ''[[Towelhead (film)|Towelhead]]'' | Mr. Vuoso | [[Alan Ball (screenwriter)|Alan Ball]] | Forby kens as ''Nothing is Private'' |- | ''[[Meet Bill]]'' | Bill Anderson | Bernie Goldmann & [[Melisa Wallack]] | Executive producer an aa |- | 2008 | ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' | [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]] | [[Christopher Nolan]] | |- | 2009 | ''[[Love Happens (2009 film)|Love Happens]]'' | Dr. Burke Ryan | Brandon Camp | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[[Rabbit Hole (2010 film)|Rabbit Hole]]'' | Howie Corbett | [[John Cameron Mitchell]] | |- | ''To Be Friends'' | {{N/A}} | James Lawrence Eckhart | Producer |- | rowspan="2" |2011 | ''[[Battle: Los Angeles]]'' | [[Staff sergeant|SSGT]] Michael Nantz | [[Jonathan Liebesman]] | |- | ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' | Hal Sanderson | [[Bruce Robinson]] | |- | 2012 | ''[[Erased (2012 film)|Erased]]'' | Ben Logan | [[Philipp Stölzl]] | Forby kent as ''The Expatriate'' |- | 2013 | ''[[Olympus Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Antoine Fuqua]] | |- | 2014 | ''[[I, Frankenstein]]'' | [[Frankenstein's monster|The Monster / Adam Frankenstein]] | [[Stuart Beattie]] | |- | 2015 | ''[[My All American]]'' | Darrell Royal | [[Angelo Pizzo]] | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 | ''[[London Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Babak Najafi]] | |- | ''[[Sully (film)|Sully]]'' | Furst Officer [[Jeffrey Skiles]] | [[Clint Eastwood]] | |- | ''[[Bleed for This]]'' | Kevin Rooney | [[Ben Younger]] | |- | ''[[Incarnate (film)|Incarnate]]'' | Dr. Seth Ember | [[Brad Peyton]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''[[Midway (2019 film)|Midway]]'' | [[Lieutenant colonel (Unitit States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Jimmy Doolittle]] | [[Roland Emmerich]] | |- | ''[[Line of Duty (film)|Line of Duty]]'' | Frank Penny | [[Steven C. Miller]] | Forby kent as ''Live!'' |- | 2020 | ''[[Wander (film)|Wander]]'' | Arthur Bretnik | [[April Mullen]] | |- | rowspan="4" | 2023 | ''[[Ambush (2023 film)|Ambush]]'' | Drummond | Mark Earl Burman | |- | ''[[Muzzle (film)|Muzzle]]'' | Jake Rosser | [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | |- | ''[[Rumble Through the Dark]]'' | Jack Boucher | [[Graham Phillips (actor)|Graham Phillips]] & Parker Phillips | |- | ''[[The Bricklayer]]'' | Steve Vail | [[Renny Harlin]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2024 | ''[[Chief of Station (film)|Chief of Station]]'' | Ben | [[Jesse V. Johnson]] | |- | ''[[Classified (2024 film)|Classified]]'' | Evan Shaw | [[Roel Reiné]] | |- | 2025 | ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' | Jake Rosser | John Stalberg Jr. | |- | 2026 | ''[[Deep Water (2026 film)|Deep Water]]'' | Ben | [[Renny Harlin]] | |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" style="width: 20em;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Role ! scope="col" | Note(s) |- | 1992 | ''[[Double Jeopardy (1992 film)|Double Jeopardy]]'' | Dwayne | [[Telly film]] |- | 1993 | ''History's Greatest Miracles'' | Samson | [[Telly special]] |- | 1994 | ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' | Extra | Uncreditit |- | 1996 | ''[[Aliens in the Family]]'' | Tounsend | Episode: "Meet the Brodys" |- | 2004 | ''[[Frasier]]'' | Frank | 2 episode |- | 2018 | ''[[The Romanoffs]]'' | Gregory | Episode: "The Violet Hour" |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''[[The First Lady (American TV series)|The First Lady]]'' | Preses [[Gerald Ford]] | Main role |- | ''[[Pantheon (TV series)|Pantheon]]'' | Cary Duval | Vyce role |} == Awairds an nominations == * Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Debut Performance * Satellite Awaird fur Ootstaundin New Talent * Nominatit – Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – St. Louis Gatewey Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actor * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – San Diego Film Creetics Society Awaird fur Best Actor * Central Ohio Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actin Ensemble * Fowk's Chyce Awaird fur Favorite Cast * Nominatit – Braidcast Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Cast * Nominatit – Saturn Awaird fur Best Supportin Actor * Nominatit – Scream Awaird fur Best Veelain ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb name}} * {{tcmdb name}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Biografie|Film|Unitit States}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eckhart, Aaron}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:Film producers frae Californie]] [[Category:Umwhile Latter Day Saunts]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German-Roushie strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scotch-Erse strynd]] [[Category:Brigham Yung Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Independent Spirit Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Santa Clara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at ACS Internaitional Schuils]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cupertino, Californie]] [[Category:William Esper Studio alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] jprsypgnvytbgky6we6n0lq9jzx18q8 919025 919024 2026-07-05T02:01:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | caption = Eckhart in 2016 | birth_name = Aaron Edward Eckhart | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|03|12}} | birth_place = [[Cupertino, Californie]], U.S. | education = [[Brigham Young Varsity]] ([[Bachelor o Fine Airts|BFA]]) | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1992–present }} '''Aaron Edward Eckhart''' (born 12 Mairch 1968) is an American actor. Born in Cupertino, Californie, Eckhart flittit tae the Unitit Kinrick at an early age. He begoud his actin career bi performin in schuil pleys, afore flittin tae Austrailie fur his heich schuil senior year. He left heich schuil wioot graduatin, but earned a diploma throu a professional eddication coorse, an then graduatit frae Brigham Young Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah, in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree in film. As an unnergraduate at BYU, Eckhart met director an writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Five years later Eckhart makkit a debut in LaBute's bleck comedy film ''In the Company of Men'' (1997), follaed bi appearances in three mair o the director's films. Eckhart gained wide recogneetion as George in ''Erin Brockovich'' (2000), an, in 2006, he received a Gowden Globe nomination fur his portrayal o Nick Naylor in ''Thank You for Smoking''. In 2008, he pleyed a major role in Christopher Nolan's blockbuster Batman film ''The Dark Knight'' as Destrict Attorney Harvey Dent / Two-Face. He wint on tae appear in ''Love Happens'', ''Rabbit Hole'', ''Battle: Los Angeles'', ''The Rum Diary'', ''Olympus Has Fallen'' and its sequel, ''I, Frankenstein'', ''Sully'', an ''Midway''. == Early life == Eckhart wis born on 12 Mairch 1968 in Cupertino, Californie, the son o Mary Martha Lawrence, a writer, penter an poet, an James Conrad Eckhart, a computer executive. He is the yungest o three brither. His faither is o Volga German strynd, whiles his mither haes Inglis, German, Scots-Erse, an Scots ancestry. He wis brocht up as a memmer o the Kirk o Jesus Christ o Latter-day Saunts, an servit a twa-year mission in Fraunce an Swisserland. Eckhart's faimily relocatit tae the Unitit Kinrick in 1981, follaein his faither's job in information technologie. Durin thair time in the Unitit Kinrick, the faimily flittit aroond Surrey, Ingland, bidin in touns sic as Cobham, Ripley, an Walton-on-Thames. Eckhart attendit American Commonty Schuil, whaur he wis furst introduced tae actin, starnin in a schuil production as Charlie Brown. In 1985, Eckhart flittit tae Austrailie an settled in Sydney, whaur he attendit American Internaitional Schuil o Sydney fur his heich schuil senior year; he further developit his actin skeels in productions lik ''Waiting for Godot'', whaur he admits that he gae a "terrible" performance. In the hairst o his senior year, Eckhart left schuil tae tak a job at the Warringah Maw film theatre. He eventually earned his diploma throu a professional eddication coorse. This forby alloued Eckhart time tae enjoy a year o surfin in Hawaii an Fraunce, as weel as skiin in the Alps. In 1988, Eckhart returned tae the Unitit States an enrowed as a film major at Brigham Yung Varsity–Hawaii, but later transferred tae Brigham Yung Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah. He graduatit in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree. He studied actin at the William Esper Studio an aa. == Career == === Early wirk === Whiles at Brigham Yung Varsity, Eckhart kythed in the Mormon-themed film ''Godly Sorrow'', an the role markit his professional debut. At this time he met director/writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Efter graduatin frae BYU, Eckhart flittit tae New York Ceety, acquired an agent, an teuk mony occasional jobs, includin bartendin, bus drivin, an construction wirk. His furst telly roles wur in commercials. In 1994, he kythed as an extra on the telly drama series ''Beverly Hills, 90210''. Eckhart follaed this smaw pairt wi roles in documentary re-enactments (''Ancient Secrets of the Bible: Samson''), makkit-fur-telly films, an short-lived programmes lik ''Aliens in the Family''. In 1997, Eckhart wis approached bi Neil LaBute tae starn in a film adaptation o LaBute's stage pley ''In the Company of Men''. He pleyed a frustratit white-collar wirker. The film, his furst featur tae reach theatres, wis creetically weel received, wi Desson Howe o ''The Washington Post'' reportin that Eckhart is the "film's maist malignant presence". ''In the Company of Men'' wis a creetical success, winnin Best Furst Film fur LaBute at the 63rd annual New York Film Creetics Raing Awairds. His performance wan him the Independent Spirit Awaird in the category o Best Debut Performance. The film wis rankit as ane o "The 25 Maist Dangerous Films" bi ''Premiere'' magazine. The follaein year Eckhart starned in anither LaBute featur, ''Your Friends & Neighbors'' (1998), as Barry, a sexually frustratit hauf-marrae in a dysfunctional mairiage. Fur the role Eckhart wis required tae gain wecht. In 1999, he starned opposite Elisabeth Shue in ''Molly'', a romantic comedy-drama in that he pleyed the sel-absorbit brither o an autistic wumman wha wis cured bi surgery. Eckhart forby starned that year as a fitbaw coach, an offensive coordinator in Oliver Stone's ''Any Given Sunday'' === Creetical success === Eckhart furst gained wide exposur in 2000 as George, in Steven Soderbergh's drama ''Erin Brockovich''. The film wis met wi guid reviews, an wis a box office success, earnin $256 million warldwide. His performance wis weel received bi creetics; ''Entertainment Weekly''<nowiki/>'s Owen Gleiberman wrate that Eckhart "mey be playin a bit o an ideal [...] but he maks guidness as palpable as he did yuppie evil in 'In the Company of Men'." In an August 2004 interview, Eckhart claimed that he haed nae wirkit fur nearly a year afore he wis cast in the film. "A felt lik a sort o wis gettin awey frae whit a wantit tae dae as an actor. [...] A haed nine month aff, but it wasnae a vacation. Shuir, a didna earn ony money fur nine month, but ivery day a wis readin scripts, a wis producin ma awn material, a wis takin meetins, a wis wirkin on ma craft." Follaein the lowse o ''Erin Brockovich'', Eckhart co-starned wi Renée Zellweger in LaBute's ''Nurse Betty'' (2000). He neist kythed in Sean Penn's meestery featur ''The Pledge'' (2001), in that he pleyed a yung detective pairtnered wi a veteran detective, pleyed bi Jack Nicholson. The film received generally favorable reviews, but it did nae fare pairticulairly weel at the box office. The follaein year, he collaboratit wi LaBute in a film adaptation o the Man Booker Prize-winnin novelle ''Possession'' (2002). In 2003, Eckhart co-starned wi Hilary Swank in ''The Core'', a film aboot a geopheesicist wha tries tae detonate a nuclear device in order tae save the warld frae destruction. The film wis creetically an financially unsuccessfu. In 2003 an aa, he kythed in ''The Missing'', in that he pleyed Cate Blanchett's luver, an in the action-thriller ''Paycheck'' opposite Ben Affleck. ''Paycheck'', based on a short story bi science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, garnered generally negative reception. Film creetic Roger Ebert o the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' gae the film twa starns (oot o fower), sayin that he "enjoyed the film" but felt that it "exploits [Dick's story] fur its action an plot potential, but niver really develops it." The follaein year, awey frae film, Eckhart guest starned in twa episode o NBC's comedy sitcom ''Frasier'', whaur he pleyed a ladfreend o Charlotte, Dr. Frasier Crane's luve interest. His neist film role wis in E. Elias Merhige's thriller ''Suspect Zero'', a film aboot an FBI agent wha tracks doun a killer wha murthers serial killers. Upon lowse, the film received braidly negative reviews. Maugre o the reception, Eckhart's performance wis favored bi creetics; ''Newsday'' wrate that Eckhart wis a "clessically haundsome leadin man ... but Merhige demands o him complexity an anguish." ''Suspect Zero'' wis a box office disappyntment, earnin $11 million warldwide. In 2004 an aa, Eckhart starned on the Lunnon stage, opposite Julia Stiles, in David Mamet's ''Oleanna'' at the Garrick Theatre. The drama ran till mid-2004. Fur this performance, Eckhart received favorable creetical reviews. In 2005, returnin tae film, Eckhart kythed in ''Neverwas'' as a therapist wha taks a job at a rindoun mental hospital that ance treatit his faither (Nick Nolte). The featur wis niver gien a fou theatrical lowse, eventually bein lowsed straicht tae DVD in 2007. === Warldwide recogneetion === Eckhart's neist projeck wis ''Thank You for Smoking'', in that he pleyed Nick Naylor. Eckhart said that he felt challenged pleyin the role: "Ye hae tae say thir wirds that are crazy, an yet dae it wi a smile on yer face an hae the audience lik ye. At ane pynt, a'm daein a tauk shaw wi a bairn wha's dyin o cancer, an he's gaein throu chemotherapy an the whole thing, an a spin it sae the anti-smokin fowk are the bad men an a'm the guid man, an a'm this man's best freend. A mean, it's whacked oot. The film wis screened at a special presentation at the 30t annual Toronto Internaitional Film Fest in 2005. It haed a limitit lowse in Mairch 2006 an wis lowsed warldwide the follaein month. Fur his performance, Eckhart received a Gowden Globe nomination fur Best Actor in a Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy. A contreibutor o ''USA Today'' wrate that he gae a "staundoot, whip-smairt performance". In this same year, he starned wi Helena Bonham Carter in ''Conversations with Other Women'' (2006). Whiles promotin this film, Eckhart revealed that he wishes nae tae be teepcast or repeat himsel, sayin he daes nae want tae pley ony mair veelains. He kythed in the 2006 film noir ''The Black Dahlia''—based on a real 1947 crime—as Sergeant Leland "Lee" Blanchard, a detective investigatin the murther o Elizabeth Short, later dubbit the "Black Dahlia". The film premiered at the 63rd Venice Internaitional Film Fest. Reception fur the film wis mixed, but mony creetics enjoyed Eckhart's performance; ''Time Out'' magazine praised Eckhart an co-starn Hilary Swank fur thair performances, writin "...baith [are] muckle in thair secondary roles." Internaitionally viewed as a sex seembol, he wis named ane o ''People'' magazine's 100 Maist Bonnie Fowk in 2006. The follaein year, Eckhart wis invitit tae jyn the Academy o Motion Pictur Airts an Sciences. He starned in ''No Reservations'' (2007), a remak o the 2001 German romantic comedy ''Mostly Martha''. He starned opposite Catherine Zeta-Jones as an up-an-comin hotshot chef. The film wis met wi mixed reviews an wis unfavorably compared tae the oreeginal film. Eckhart starned in the 2008 comedy ''Meet Bill'', in that he pleyed the eponymous chairacter, a sad executive wirkin at his faither-in-law's baunk. He gained 30&#x20;poond an donned a fat suit fur the role. In 2008 an aa, Eckhart portrayed the comic beuk chairacter Harvey Dent in Christopher Nolan's ''The Dark Knight'', the sequel tae the 2005 film ''Batman Begins''. Nolan's decision tae cast Eckhart wis based on his portrayal o corrupt chairacters in the films ''In the Company of Men'', ''The Black Dahlia'', and ''Thank You For Smoking''. He notit in his depiction of the chairacter that "[he] is aye true tae himsel. He's a crime fechter, he's nae killin guid fowk. He's nae a bad man, nae purely", whiles admittin "A'm interestit in guid men gane wrang." ''The Dark Knight'' wis a big financial an creetical success, settin a new appenin weekend box office record fur North Americae. Wi revenue o $1&#x20;billion warldwide, it becam the fowert heichest-grossin film o aw time, an the heichest-grossin film o Eckhart's career. Roger Ebert opined that Eckhart did an "inspecially guid job" as his chairacter in the featur, whiles ''Premiere'' magazine enjoyed his performance an aa, notin that he "maks ye believe in his ill-fatit ambeetion&#x20;... o morphin intae the conneevin Two-Face." == Personal life == Eckhart met actress Emily Cline durin the filmin o ''In the Company of Men'' an thay becam engaged, but thay separatit in 1998. He haes aye been reluctant tae speak aboot his relationships in interviews. Eckhart dated sangwriter an memmer o SHeDAISY Kristyn Osborn frae 2006 tae 2007. He appeared in the group's video fur thair sang "I'm Taking the Wheel". Eckhart haes notit that hypnosis helpit him tae quit drinkin, smokin, an partyin, an that he unnertaks amateur photografie in his spare time. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" style="width:5px;" | Year ! scope="col" style="width:350px;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" | Role ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" | Director ! scope="col" style="width:300px;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1992 | ''Godly Sorrow'' | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 1993 | ''[[Hot Shots! Part Deux]]'' | Prisoner | [[Jim Abrahams]] | Uncreditit |- | ''[[Slaughter of the Innocents (film)|Slaughter of the Innocents]]'' | Ken Reynolds | [[James Glickenhaus]] | |- | 1997 | ''[[In the Company of Men]]'' | Chad | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1998 | ''[[Your Friends & Neighbors (film)|Your Friends & Neighbors]]'' | Barry | |- | ''[[Thursday (film)|Thursday]]'' | Nick | [[Skip Woods]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''[[Molly (1999 film)|Molly]]'' | Buck McKay | [[John Duigan]] | |- | ''[[Any Given Sunday]]'' | Nick Crozier | [[Oliver Stone]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2000 | ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' | George | [[Steven Soderbergh]] | |- | ''[[Nurse Betty]]'' | Del Sizemore | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''Tumble'' | "Man" | |- | 2001 | ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'' | Stan Krolak | [[Sean Penn]] | |- | 2002 | ''[[Possession (2002 film)|Possession]]'' | Roland Michell | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2003 | ''[[The Core]]'' | Dr. Joshua "Josh" Keyes | [[Jon Amiel]] | |- | ''[[The Missing (2003 film)|The Missing]]'' | Brake Baldwin | [[Ron Howard]] | |- | ''[[Paycheck (film)|Paycheck]]'' | James Rethrick | [[John Woo]] | |- | 2004 | ''[[Suspect Zero]]'' | Thomas Mackelway | [[E. Elias Merhige]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2005 | ''[[Neverwas]]'' | Zach Riley | [[Joshua Michael Stern]] | Co-producer an aa |- | ''[[Thank You for Smoking (film)|Thank You for Smoking]]'' | Nick Naylor | [[Jason Reitman]] | |- | ''[[Conversations with Other Women]]'' | Man | [[Hans Canosa]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 |''[[The Wicker Man (2006 film)|The Wicker Man]]'' | Truck Stop Patron | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | Sgt. Lee Blanchard | [[Brian De Palma]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[[No Reservations (film)|No Reservations]]'' | Nick Palmer | [[Scott Hicks (director)|Scott Hicks]] | |- | ''[[Towelhead (film)|Towelhead]]'' | Mr. Vuoso | [[Alan Ball (screenwriter)|Alan Ball]] | Forby kens as ''Nothing is Private'' |- | ''[[Meet Bill]]'' | Bill Anderson | Bernie Goldmann & [[Melisa Wallack]] | Executive producer an aa |- | 2008 | ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' | [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]] | [[Christopher Nolan]] | |- | 2009 | ''[[Love Happens (2009 film)|Love Happens]]'' | Dr. Burke Ryan | Brandon Camp | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[[Rabbit Hole (2010 film)|Rabbit Hole]]'' | Howie Corbett | [[John Cameron Mitchell]] | |- | ''To Be Friends'' | {{N/A}} | James Lawrence Eckhart | Producer |- | rowspan="2" |2011 | ''[[Battle: Los Angeles]]'' | [[Staff sergeant|SSGT]] Michael Nantz | [[Jonathan Liebesman]] | |- | ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' | Hal Sanderson | [[Bruce Robinson]] | |- | 2012 | ''[[Erased (2012 film)|Erased]]'' | Ben Logan | [[Philipp Stölzl]] | Forby kent as ''The Expatriate'' |- | 2013 | ''[[Olympus Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Antoine Fuqua]] | |- | 2014 | ''[[I, Frankenstein]]'' | [[Frankenstein's monster|The Monster / Adam Frankenstein]] | [[Stuart Beattie]] | |- | 2015 | ''[[My All American]]'' | Darrell Royal | [[Angelo Pizzo]] | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 | ''[[London Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Babak Najafi]] | |- | ''[[Sully (film)|Sully]]'' | Furst Officer [[Jeffrey Skiles]] | [[Clint Eastwood]] | |- | ''[[Bleed for This]]'' | Kevin Rooney | [[Ben Younger]] | |- | ''[[Incarnate (film)|Incarnate]]'' | Dr. Seth Ember | [[Brad Peyton]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''[[Midway (2019 film)|Midway]]'' | [[Lieutenant colonel (Unitit States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Jimmy Doolittle]] | [[Roland Emmerich]] | |- | ''[[Line of Duty (film)|Line of Duty]]'' | Frank Penny | [[Steven C. Miller]] | Forby kent as ''Live!'' |- | 2020 | ''[[Wander (film)|Wander]]'' | Arthur Bretnik | [[April Mullen]] | |- | rowspan="4" | 2023 | ''[[Ambush (2023 film)|Ambush]]'' | Drummond | Mark Earl Burman | |- | ''[[Muzzle (film)|Muzzle]]'' | Jake Rosser | [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | |- | ''[[Rumble Through the Dark]]'' | Jack Boucher | [[Graham Phillips (actor)|Graham Phillips]] & Parker Phillips | |- | ''[[The Bricklayer]]'' | Steve Vail | [[Renny Harlin]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2024 | ''[[Chief of Station (film)|Chief of Station]]'' | Ben | [[Jesse V. Johnson]] | |- | ''[[Classified (2024 film)|Classified]]'' | Evan Shaw | [[Roel Reiné]] | |- | 2025 | ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' | Jake Rosser | John Stalberg Jr. | |- | 2026 | ''[[Deep Water (2026 film)|Deep Water]]'' | Ben | [[Renny Harlin]] | |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" style="width: 20em;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Role ! scope="col" | Note(s) |- | 1992 | ''[[Double Jeopardy (1992 film)|Double Jeopardy]]'' | Dwayne | [[Telly film]] |- | 1993 | ''History's Greatest Miracles'' | Samson | [[Telly special]] |- | 1994 | ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' | Extra | Uncreditit |- | 1996 | ''[[Aliens in the Family]]'' | Tounsend | Episode: "Meet the Brodys" |- | 2004 | ''[[Frasier]]'' | Frank | 2 episode |- | 2018 | ''[[The Romanoffs]]'' | Gregory | Episode: "The Violet Hour" |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''[[The First Lady (American TV series)|The First Lady]]'' | Preses [[Gerald Ford]] | Main role |- | ''[[Pantheon (TV series)|Pantheon]]'' | Cary Duval | Vyce role |} == Awairds an nominations == * Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Debut Performance * Satellite Awaird fur Ootstaundin New Talent * Nominatit – Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – St. Louis Gatewey Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actor * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – San Diego Film Creetics Society Awaird fur Best Actor * Central Ohio Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actin Ensemble * Fowk's Chyce Awaird fur Favorite Cast * Nominatit – Braidcast Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Cast * Nominatit – Saturn Awaird fur Best Supportin Actor * Nominatit – Scream Awaird fur Best Veelain ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb name}} * {{tcmdb name}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Biografie|Film|Unitit States}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eckhart, Aaron}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:Film producers frae Californie]] [[Category:Umwhile Latter Day Saunts]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German-Roushie strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scotch-Erse strynd]] [[Category:Brigham Yung Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Independent Spirit Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Santa Clara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at ACS Internaitional Schuils]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cupertino, Californie]] [[Category:William Esper Studio alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] jszayuwjtdcb1khq4eol3yrkbq39003 919026 919025 2026-07-05T02:09:14Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 919026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image = Aaron Eckhart (29830286295) (cropped).jpg | caption = Eckhart in 2016 | birth_name = Aaron Edward Eckhart | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|03|12}} | birth_place = [[Cupertino, Californie]], U.S. | education = [[Brigham Young Varsity]] ([[Bachelor o Fine Airts|BFA]]) | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1992–present }} '''Aaron Edward Eckhart''' (born 12 Mairch 1968) is an American actor. Born in Cupertino, Californie, Eckhart flittit tae the Unitit Kinrick at an early age. He begoud his actin career bi performin in schuil pleys, afore flittin tae Austrailie fur his heich schuil senior year. He left heich schuil wioot graduatin, but earned a diploma throu a professional eddication coorse, an then graduatit frae Brigham Young Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah, in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree in film. As an unnergraduate at BYU, Eckhart met director an writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Five years later Eckhart makkit a debut in LaBute's bleck comedy film ''In the Company of Men'' (1997), follaed bi appearances in three mair o the director's films. Eckhart gained wide recogneetion as George in ''Erin Brockovich'' (2000), an, in 2006, he received a Gowden Globe nomination fur his portrayal o Nick Naylor in ''Thank You for Smoking''. In 2008, he pleyed a major role in Christopher Nolan's blockbuster Batman film ''The Dark Knight'' as Destrict Attorney Harvey Dent / Two-Face. He wint on tae appear in ''Love Happens'', ''Rabbit Hole'', ''Battle: Los Angeles'', ''The Rum Diary'', ''Olympus Has Fallen'' and its sequel, ''I, Frankenstein'', ''Sully'', an ''Midway''. == Early life == Eckhart wis born on 12 Mairch 1968 in Cupertino, Californie, the son o Mary Martha Lawrence, a writer, penter an poet, an James Conrad Eckhart, a computer executive. He is the yungest o three brither. His faither is o Volga German strynd, whiles his mither haes Inglis, German, Scots-Erse, an Scots ancestry. He wis brocht up as a memmer o the Kirk o Jesus Christ o Latter-day Saunts, an servit a twa-year mission in Fraunce an Swisserland. Eckhart's faimily relocatit tae the Unitit Kinrick in 1981, follaein his faither's job in information technologie. Durin thair time in the Unitit Kinrick, the faimily flittit aroond Surrey, Ingland, bidin in touns sic as Cobham, Ripley, an Walton-on-Thames. Eckhart attendit American Commonty Schuil, whaur he wis furst introduced tae actin, starnin in a schuil production as Charlie Brown. In 1985, Eckhart flittit tae Austrailie an settled in Sydney, whaur he attendit American Internaitional Schuil o Sydney fur his heich schuil senior year; he further developit his actin skeels in productions lik ''Waiting for Godot'', whaur he admits that he gae a "terrible" performance. In the hairst o his senior year, Eckhart left schuil tae tak a job at the Warringah Maw film theatre. He eventually earned his diploma throu a professional eddication coorse. This forby alloued Eckhart time tae enjoy a year o surfin in Hawaii an Fraunce, as weel as skiin in the Alps. In 1988, Eckhart returned tae the Unitit States an enrowed as a film major at Brigham Yung Varsity–Hawaii, but later transferred tae Brigham Yung Varsity (BYV) in Provo, Utah. He graduatit in 1994 wi a Bachelor o Fine Airts degree. He studied actin at the William Esper Studio an aa. == Career == === Early wirk === Whiles at Brigham Yung Varsity, Eckhart kythed in the Mormon-themed film ''Godly Sorrow'', an the role markit his professional debut. At this time he met director/writer Neil LaBute, wha cast Eckhart in seevral o LaBute's oreeginal pleys. Efter graduatin frae BYU, Eckhart flittit tae New York Ceety, acquired an agent, an teuk mony occasional jobs, includin bartendin, bus drivin, an construction wirk. His furst telly roles wur in commercials. In 1994, he kythed as an extra on the telly drama series ''Beverly Hills, 90210''. Eckhart follaed this smaw pairt wi roles in documentary re-enactments (''Ancient Secrets of the Bible: Samson''), makkit-fur-telly films, an short-lived programmes lik ''Aliens in the Family''. In 1997, Eckhart wis approached bi Neil LaBute tae starn in a film adaptation o LaBute's stage pley ''In the Company of Men''. He pleyed a frustratit white-collar wirker. The film, his furst featur tae reach theatres, wis creetically weel received, wi Desson Howe o ''The Washington Post'' reportin that Eckhart is the "film's maist malignant presence". ''In the Company of Men'' wis a creetical success, winnin Best Furst Film fur LaBute at the 63rd annual New York Film Creetics Raing Awairds. His performance wan him the Independent Spirit Awaird in the category o Best Debut Performance. The film wis rankit as ane o "The 25 Maist Dangerous Films" bi ''Premiere'' magazine. The follaein year Eckhart starned in anither LaBute featur, ''Your Friends & Neighbors'' (1998), as Barry, a sexually frustratit hauf-marrae in a dysfunctional mairiage. Fur the role Eckhart wis required tae gain wecht. In 1999, he starned opposite Elisabeth Shue in ''Molly'', a romantic comedy-drama in that he pleyed the sel-absorbit brither o an autistic wumman wha wis cured bi surgery. Eckhart forby starned that year as a fitbaw coach, an offensive coordinator in Oliver Stone's ''Any Given Sunday'' === Creetical success === Eckhart furst gained wide exposur in 2000 as George, in Steven Soderbergh's drama ''Erin Brockovich''. The film wis met wi guid reviews, an wis a box office success, earnin $256 million warldwide. His performance wis weel received bi creetics; ''Entertainment Weekly''<nowiki/>'s Owen Gleiberman wrate that Eckhart "mey be playin a bit o an ideal [...] but he maks guidness as palpable as he did yuppie evil in 'In the Company of Men'." In an August 2004 interview, Eckhart claimed that he haed nae wirkit fur nearly a year afore he wis cast in the film. "A felt lik a sort o wis gettin awey frae whit a wantit tae dae as an actor. [...] A haed nine month aff, but it wasnae a vacation. Shuir, a didna earn ony money fur nine month, but ivery day a wis readin scripts, a wis producin ma awn material, a wis takin meetins, a wis wirkin on ma craft." Follaein the lowse o ''Erin Brockovich'', Eckhart co-starned wi Renée Zellweger in LaBute's ''Nurse Betty'' (2000). He neist kythed in Sean Penn's meestery featur ''The Pledge'' (2001), in that he pleyed a yung detective pairtnered wi a veteran detective, pleyed bi Jack Nicholson. The film received generally favorable reviews, but it did nae fare pairticulairly weel at the box office. The follaein year, he collaboratit wi LaBute in a film adaptation o the Man Booker Prize-winnin novelle ''Possession'' (2002). In 2003, Eckhart co-starned wi Hilary Swank in ''The Core'', a film aboot a geopheesicist wha tries tae detonate a nuclear device in order tae save the warld frae destruction. The film wis creetically an financially unsuccessfu. In 2003 an aa, he kythed in ''The Missing'', in that he pleyed Cate Blanchett's luver, an in the action-thriller ''Paycheck'' opposite Ben Affleck. ''Paycheck'', based on a short story bi science fiction writer Philip K. Dick, garnered generally negative reception. Film creetic Roger Ebert o the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' gae the film twa starns (oot o fower), sayin that he "enjoyed the film" but felt that it "exploits [Dick's story] fur its action an plot potential, but niver really develops it." The follaein year, awey frae film, Eckhart guest starned in twa episode o NBC's comedy sitcom ''Frasier'', whaur he pleyed a ladfreend o Charlotte, Dr. Frasier Crane's luve interest. His neist film role wis in E. Elias Merhige's thriller ''Suspect Zero'', a film aboot an FBI agent wha tracks doun a killer wha murthers serial killers. Upon lowse, the film received braidly negative reviews. Maugre o the reception, Eckhart's performance wis favored bi creetics; ''Newsday'' wrate that Eckhart wis a "clessically haundsome leadin man ... but Merhige demands o him complexity an anguish." ''Suspect Zero'' wis a box office disappyntment, earnin $11 million warldwide. In 2004 an aa, Eckhart starned on the Lunnon stage, opposite Julia Stiles, in David Mamet's ''Oleanna'' at the Garrick Theatre. The drama ran till mid-2004. Fur this performance, Eckhart received favorable creetical reviews. In 2005, returnin tae film, Eckhart kythed in ''Neverwas'' as a therapist wha taks a job at a rindoun mental hospital that ance treatit his faither (Nick Nolte). The featur wis niver gien a fou theatrical lowse, eventually bein lowsed straicht tae DVD in 2007. === Warldwide recogneetion === Eckhart's neist projeck wis ''Thank You for Smoking'', in that he pleyed Nick Naylor. Eckhart said that he felt challenged pleyin the role: "Ye hae tae say thir wirds that are crazy, an yet dae it wi a smile on yer face an hae the audience lik ye. At ane pynt, a'm daein a tauk shaw wi a bairn wha's dyin o cancer, an he's gaein throu chemotherapy an the whole thing, an a spin it sae the anti-smokin fowk are the bad men an a'm the guid man, an a'm this man's best freend. A mean, it's whacked oot. The film wis screened at a special presentation at the 30t annual Toronto Internaitional Film Fest in 2005. It haed a limitit lowse in Mairch 2006 an wis lowsed warldwide the follaein month. Fur his performance, Eckhart received a Gowden Globe nomination fur Best Actor in a Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy. A contreibutor o ''USA Today'' wrate that he gae a "staundoot, whip-smairt performance". In this same year, he starned wi Helena Bonham Carter in ''Conversations with Other Women'' (2006). Whiles promotin this film, Eckhart revealed that he wishes nae tae be teepcast or repeat himsel, sayin he daes nae want tae pley ony mair veelains. He kythed in the 2006 film noir ''The Black Dahlia''—based on a real 1947 crime—as Sergeant Leland "Lee" Blanchard, a detective investigatin the murther o Elizabeth Short, later dubbit the "Black Dahlia". The film premiered at the 63rd Venice Internaitional Film Fest. Reception fur the film wis mixed, but mony creetics enjoyed Eckhart's performance; ''Time Out'' magazine praised Eckhart an co-starn Hilary Swank fur thair performances, writin "...baith [are] muckle in thair secondary roles." Internaitionally viewed as a sex seembol, he wis named ane o ''People'' magazine's 100 Maist Bonnie Fowk in 2006. The follaein year, Eckhart wis invitit tae jyn the Academy o Motion Pictur Airts an Sciences. He starned in ''No Reservations'' (2007), a remak o the 2001 German romantic comedy ''Mostly Martha''. He starned opposite Catherine Zeta-Jones as an up-an-comin hotshot chef. The film wis met wi mixed reviews an wis unfavorably compared tae the oreeginal film. Eckhart starned in the 2008 comedy ''Meet Bill'', in that he pleyed the eponymous chairacter, a sad executive wirkin at his faither-in-law's baunk. He gained 30&#x20;poond an donned a fat suit fur the role. In 2008 an aa, Eckhart portrayed the comic beuk chairacter Harvey Dent in Christopher Nolan's ''The Dark Knight'', the sequel tae the 2005 film ''Batman Begins''. Nolan's decision tae cast Eckhart wis based on his portrayal o corrupt chairacters in the films ''In the Company of Men'', ''The Black Dahlia'', and ''Thank You For Smoking''. He notit in his depiction of the chairacter that "[he] is aye true tae himsel. He's a crime fechter, he's nae killin guid fowk. He's nae a bad man, nae purely", whiles admittin "A'm interestit in guid men gane wrang." ''The Dark Knight'' wis a big financial an creetical success, settin a new appenin weekend box office record fur North Americae. Wi revenue o $1&#x20;billion warldwide, it becam the fowert heichest-grossin film o aw time, an the heichest-grossin film o Eckhart's career. Roger Ebert opined that Eckhart did an "inspecially guid job" as his chairacter in the featur, whiles ''Premiere'' magazine enjoyed his performance an aa, notin that he "maks ye believe in his ill-fatit ambeetion&#x20;... o morphin intae the conneevin Two-Face." Follaein the success o ''The Dark Knight'', Eckhart neist kythed in Alan Ball's ''Towelhead'' (2008), an adaptation o the Alicia Erian novelle o the same name, in that he pleyed a Gulf War Airmy reservist wha sexually abuises his 13-year-auld Arab-American neebor. The film wis screened unner the name ''Nothing is Private'' at the 2007 Toronto Internaitional Film Fest. Whan askit aboot the sex scenes, Eckhart said: "Thaim wis difficult times&#x20;.... The wey a did it wis tae really trust Alan. It wis in the wirds. A really trustit Summer [Bishil], an a tried tae get her tae trust me, tae bigg a relationship whan we wur daein pheesical scenes. We'd really rehairse thaim mechanically, an a'd say, 'OK, a'm gaein tae pit ma haund here, a'm gaein tae dae this.'&#x20;... A think a foond it mair difficult." ''Towelhead'' wis creetically an financially unsuccessfu. == Personal life == Eckhart met actress Emily Cline durin the filmin o ''In the Company of Men'' an thay becam engaged, but thay separatit in 1998. He haes aye been reluctant tae speak aboot his relationships in interviews. Eckhart dated sangwriter an memmer o SHeDAISY Kristyn Osborn frae 2006 tae 2007. He appeared in the group's video fur thair sang "I'm Taking the Wheel". Eckhart haes notit that hypnosis helpit him tae quit drinkin, smokin, an partyin, an that he unnertaks amateur photografie in his spare time. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" style="width:5px;" | Year ! scope="col" style="width:350px;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" | Role ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" | Director ! scope="col" style="width:300px;" class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1992 | ''Godly Sorrow'' | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 1993 | ''[[Hot Shots! Part Deux]]'' | Prisoner | [[Jim Abrahams]] | Uncreditit |- | ''[[Slaughter of the Innocents (film)|Slaughter of the Innocents]]'' | Ken Reynolds | [[James Glickenhaus]] | |- | 1997 | ''[[In the Company of Men]]'' | Chad | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1998 | ''[[Your Friends & Neighbors (film)|Your Friends & Neighbors]]'' | Barry | |- | ''[[Thursday (film)|Thursday]]'' | Nick | [[Skip Woods]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | ''[[Molly (1999 film)|Molly]]'' | Buck McKay | [[John Duigan]] | |- | ''[[Any Given Sunday]]'' | Nick Crozier | [[Oliver Stone]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2000 | ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' | George | [[Steven Soderbergh]] | |- | ''[[Nurse Betty]]'' | Del Sizemore | rowspan="2" |[[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''Tumble'' | "Man" | |- | 2001 | ''[[The Pledge (film)|The Pledge]]'' | Stan Krolak | [[Sean Penn]] | |- | 2002 | ''[[Possession (2002 film)|Possession]]'' | Roland Michell | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2003 | ''[[The Core]]'' | Dr. Joshua "Josh" Keyes | [[Jon Amiel]] | |- | ''[[The Missing (2003 film)|The Missing]]'' | Brake Baldwin | [[Ron Howard]] | |- | ''[[Paycheck (film)|Paycheck]]'' | James Rethrick | [[John Woo]] | |- | 2004 | ''[[Suspect Zero]]'' | Thomas Mackelway | [[E. Elias Merhige]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2005 | ''[[Neverwas]]'' | Zach Riley | [[Joshua Michael Stern]] | Co-producer an aa |- | ''[[Thank You for Smoking (film)|Thank You for Smoking]]'' | Nick Naylor | [[Jason Reitman]] | |- | ''[[Conversations with Other Women]]'' | Man | [[Hans Canosa]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 |''[[The Wicker Man (2006 film)|The Wicker Man]]'' | Truck Stop Patron | [[Neil LaBute]] | |- | ''[[The Black Dahlia (film)|The Black Dahlia]]'' | Sgt. Lee Blanchard | [[Brian De Palma]] | |- | rowspan="3" | 2007 | ''[[No Reservations (film)|No Reservations]]'' | Nick Palmer | [[Scott Hicks (director)|Scott Hicks]] | |- | ''[[Towelhead (film)|Towelhead]]'' | Mr. Vuoso | [[Alan Ball (screenwriter)|Alan Ball]] | Forby kens as ''Nothing is Private'' |- | ''[[Meet Bill]]'' | Bill Anderson | Bernie Goldmann & [[Melisa Wallack]] | Executive producer an aa |- | 2008 | ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' | [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent / Two-Face]] | [[Christopher Nolan]] | |- | 2009 | ''[[Love Happens (2009 film)|Love Happens]]'' | Dr. Burke Ryan | Brandon Camp | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''[[Rabbit Hole (2010 film)|Rabbit Hole]]'' | Howie Corbett | [[John Cameron Mitchell]] | |- | ''To Be Friends'' | {{N/A}} | James Lawrence Eckhart | Producer |- | rowspan="2" |2011 | ''[[Battle: Los Angeles]]'' | [[Staff sergeant|SSGT]] Michael Nantz | [[Jonathan Liebesman]] | |- | ''[[The Rum Diary (film)|The Rum Diary]]'' | Hal Sanderson | [[Bruce Robinson]] | |- | 2012 | ''[[Erased (2012 film)|Erased]]'' | Ben Logan | [[Philipp Stölzl]] | Forby kent as ''The Expatriate'' |- | 2013 | ''[[Olympus Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Antoine Fuqua]] | |- | 2014 | ''[[I, Frankenstein]]'' | [[Frankenstein's monster|The Monster / Adam Frankenstein]] | [[Stuart Beattie]] | |- | 2015 | ''[[My All American]]'' | Darrell Royal | [[Angelo Pizzo]] | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 | ''[[London Has Fallen]]'' | Preses Benjamin Asher | [[Babak Najafi]] | |- | ''[[Sully (film)|Sully]]'' | Furst Officer [[Jeffrey Skiles]] | [[Clint Eastwood]] | |- | ''[[Bleed for This]]'' | Kevin Rooney | [[Ben Younger]] | |- | ''[[Incarnate (film)|Incarnate]]'' | Dr. Seth Ember | [[Brad Peyton]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''[[Midway (2019 film)|Midway]]'' | [[Lieutenant colonel (Unitit States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Jimmy Doolittle]] | [[Roland Emmerich]] | |- | ''[[Line of Duty (film)|Line of Duty]]'' | Frank Penny | [[Steven C. Miller]] | Forby kent as ''Live!'' |- | 2020 | ''[[Wander (film)|Wander]]'' | Arthur Bretnik | [[April Mullen]] | |- | rowspan="4" | 2023 | ''[[Ambush (2023 film)|Ambush]]'' | Drummond | Mark Earl Burman | |- | ''[[Muzzle (film)|Muzzle]]'' | Jake Rosser | [[John Stalberg Jr.]] | |- | ''[[Rumble Through the Dark]]'' | Jack Boucher | [[Graham Phillips (actor)|Graham Phillips]] & Parker Phillips | |- | ''[[The Bricklayer]]'' | Steve Vail | [[Renny Harlin]] | |- | rowspan="2" | 2024 | ''[[Chief of Station (film)|Chief of Station]]'' | Ben | [[Jesse V. Johnson]] | |- | ''[[Classified (2024 film)|Classified]]'' | Evan Shaw | [[Roel Reiné]] | |- | 2025 | ''[[Muzzle: City of Wolves]]'' | Jake Rosser | John Stalberg Jr. | |- | 2026 | ''[[Deep Water (2026 film)|Deep Water]]'' | Ben | [[Renny Harlin]] | |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" style="width: 20em;" | Title ! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Role ! scope="col" | Note(s) |- | 1992 | ''[[Double Jeopardy (1992 film)|Double Jeopardy]]'' | Dwayne | [[Telly film]] |- | 1993 | ''History's Greatest Miracles'' | Samson | [[Telly special]] |- | 1994 | ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]'' | Extra | Uncreditit |- | 1996 | ''[[Aliens in the Family]]'' | Tounsend | Episode: "Meet the Brodys" |- | 2004 | ''[[Frasier]]'' | Frank | 2 episode |- | 2018 | ''[[The Romanoffs]]'' | Gregory | Episode: "The Violet Hour" |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''[[The First Lady (American TV series)|The First Lady]]'' | Preses [[Gerald Ford]] | Main role |- | ''[[Pantheon (TV series)|Pantheon]]'' | Cary Duval | Vyce role |} == Awairds an nominations == * Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Debut Performance * Satellite Awaird fur Ootstaundin New Talent * Nominatit – Gowden Globe Awaird fur Best Actor – Motion Pictur Muisical or Comedy * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – St. Louis Gatewey Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actor * Nominatit – Independent Spirit Awaird fur Best Male Lead * Nominatit – San Diego Film Creetics Society Awaird fur Best Actor * Central Ohio Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Actin Ensemble * Fowk's Chyce Awaird fur Favorite Cast * Nominatit – Braidcast Film Creetics Association Awaird fur Best Cast * Nominatit – Saturn Awaird fur Best Supportin Actor * Nominatit – Scream Awaird fur Best Veelain ==Fremmit airtins== * {{IMDb name}} * {{tcmdb name}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Biografie|Film|Unitit States}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eckhart, Aaron}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:Film producers frae Californie]] [[Category:Umwhile Latter Day Saunts]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German-Roushie strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scotch-Erse strynd]] [[Category:Brigham Yung Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Independent Spirit Awaird winners]] [[Category:Male actors frae Santa Clara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at ACS Internaitional Schuils]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cupertino, Californie]] [[Category:William Esper Studio alumni]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] r53p526rv7y05jic7r1kr2a2qpt1vw4