Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 17086 919074 915191 2026-07-07T14:25:14Z EUPBR 123878 919074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name =Ropczyce |image_skyline = Ropczyce - Rynek.jpg |image_caption =''Ropczyce Toun Centre'' |settlement_type =Market Town |image_shield =POL_Ropczyce_COA.svg |shield_size =120px |pushpin_map =Poland |pushpin_label_position= bottom |subdivision_type=Kintra |subdivision_name={{POL}} |subdivision_type1= [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]] |subdivision_name1= [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie flag.svg|22px]] [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Podkarpackie]] |subdivision_type2= [[Powiat|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2= [[File:POL powiat ropczycko-sędziszowski flag.svg|22px]] [[Ropczyce-Sędziszów Coonty|Ropczyce-Sędziszów]] |subdivision_type3= [[Gmina]] |subdivision_name3= [[File:POL Ropczyce COA.svg|22px]] [[Gmina Ropczyce|Ropczyce]] |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Bolesław Bujak |established_title= Foondit |established_date=13t century |established_title2=Ceety richts |established_date2= 1362 |area_total_km2 =47.03 |population_as_of=2007 |population_total=26059 |population_density_km2= auto |timezone= [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset= +1 |timezone_DST= [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST= +2 |coordinates = {{coord|50|5|10|N|21|38|0|E|region:PL|display=inline}} |postal_code_type= Postal code |postal_code= 39–100 |blank_name= [[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]] |blank_info= RRS |website= http://www.ropczyce.umig.gov.pl}} '''Ropczyce''' {{IPAc-pl|r|o|p|'|cz|y|c|e}} ({{lang-yi|ראָפּשיץ}}) is a toun in [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship]] in sooth-eastren [[Poland]], situatit in the [[Glen]] the Wielopolka River (a tributar o the [[Wisłoka|Wisłoka River]]) an is inhabitit bi 15,098 fowk. It is the [[coonty seat|seat]] o [[Ropczyce-Sędziszów Coonty]]. ==Geografie== Situatit in the [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship]] (syne 1999). It is the caipital o [[Ropczyce-Sędziszów Coonty]]. Ropczyce is locatit east o [[Kraków]] an wast o [[Rzeszów]]. The [[Coordinate system|coordinates]] for Ropczyce: Latitude 50°0500' an Langitude 21°6167. In DMS or Degree, Minutes, & Seconds; Latitude 50°2'60N an Langitude is 21°37'0E. Elevation is 790 feet or 240 metres [[Abuin mean sea level|abuin sea level]]. The time zone for [[Poland]] is [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]]+1. ==Population== Ropczyce haes a total population o 26,055 accordin tae the Pols Offeecial Census 2008 o which 15,098 live in Ropczyce urban aurie an 10,957 live in the surroondin rural auries (7&nbsp;km radius). ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aa|List o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== Ropczyce is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi: {| cellpadding="10" |- valign="top" | * [[File:Coat of Arms of Stropkov.svg|24px]] [[Stropkov]] in [[Slovakie]] {{flagicon|Slovakia}} * [[File:DEU Ochsenfurt COA.svg|26px]] [[Ochsenfurt]] in [[Germany]] {{flagicon|Germany}} || || * [[File:Буськ герб.png|25px]] [[Busk, Ukraine|Busk]] in [[Ukraine]] {{flagicon|Ukraine}} * [[File:Lokeren Wapen 2025.png|24px]] [[Lokeren]] in [[Belgium]] {{flagicon|Belgium}} |} ==Nearbi municipalities== * [[Dębica]] * [[Sędziszów Małopolski]] ==Recreational Walking Trails== Twa tourist trails: {{fontcolor|Green|'''Green'''}} an {{fontcolor|Orange|'''Yellow'''}} run through the maist picturesque an interestin pairts o the terrain. * [[File:Szlak zielony.svg]] {{fontcolor|Green|''Green Walk'':}} Przełęcz Bardo - [[Brzeziny, Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Brzeziny]] - Ropczyce * [[File:Szlak żółty.svg]] {{fontcolor|Orange|''Yellow Walk'':}} Ropczyce - [[Ocieka]] - [[Niwiska, Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Niwiska]] {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Shtetls]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Podkarpackie Voivodeship]] [[Category:Ropczyce-Sędziszów Coonty]] [[it:Ropczyce]] hf6eu71cc2lj7fihdeaizndipt9brm0 0 55929 919076 671702 2026-07-08T02:32:30Z Irnbruboaby 134005 /* */ 919076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = Racist Arsehole |image = Sen Mitch McConnell official.jpg |office = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] |deputy = [[John Cornyn]] |term_start = January 3, 2015 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Harry Reid]] |successor = |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = [[Kentucky]] |alongside1 = [[Rand Paul]] |term_start1 = January 3, 1985 |term_end1 = |predecessor1 = [[Walter Dee Huddleston|Walter Huddleston]] |successor1 = |office2 = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] |deputy2 = [[Trent Lott]]<br>[[Jon Kyl]]<br>[[John Cornyn]] |term_start2 = January 3, 2007 |term_end2 = January 3, 2015 |predecessor2 = [[Harry Reid]] |successor2 = [[Harry Reid]] |office3 = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Whip]] |leader3 = [[Bill Frist]] |term_start3 = January 3, 2003 |term_end3 = January 3, 2007 |predecessor3 = [[Harry Reid]] |successor3 = [[Dick Durbin]] |birth_name = Addison Mitchell McConnell, Jr. |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|20}} |birth_place = [[Sheffield, Alabama|Sheffield]], [[Alabama]], [[United States|U.S.]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = Sherrill Redmon {{small|(1968–1993)}}<br>[[Elaine Chao]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 3 |alma_mater = [[University of Louisville]]<br>[[University of Kentucky College of Law|University of Kentucky]] |religion = [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]] |website = {{URL|http://mcconnell.senate.gov|Senate website}} |signature = Mitch McConnell Signature.svg |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|USA}} |serviceyears = 1967 |unit = [[100th Infantry Division (United States)|Headquarters, 100th Division]]<br>[[United States Army Reserve|Army Reserve]] }} '''Mitch McConnell''' ('''Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell'''; [[20 Februar]] [[1942]]) wis a senator frae [[America]]. He wis senator of [[Kentucky]] syne 1985, befaire his deeth in June, 2026. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McConnell, Mitch}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Baptists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]] [[Category:Kentucky lawyers]] [[Category:Kentucky Republicans]] [[Category:Leadership Institute alumni an associates]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Louisville, Kentucky politeecians]] [[Category:Fowk frae Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Republican Pairty Unitit States Senators]] [[Category:Spooses o Unitit States Cabinet members]] [[Category:Unitit States congressional aides]] [[Category:Unitit States Senators frae Kentucky]] [[Category:Varsity o Kentucky alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Kentucky College o Law alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Louisville alumni]] {{Stub/USPoliteecian}} 9jjuduze76uz1yyvk255euk9g1ux49x 919077 919076 2026-07-08T02:39:55Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o Irnbruboaby, chynged back tae last version bi AmaryllisGardener 671702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = Mitch McConnell |image = Sen Mitch McConnell official.jpg |office = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] |deputy = [[John Cornyn]] |term_start = January 3, 2015 |term_end = |predecessor = [[Harry Reid]] |successor = |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = [[Kentucky]] |alongside1 = [[Rand Paul]] |term_start1 = January 3, 1985 |term_end1 = |predecessor1 = [[Walter Dee Huddleston|Walter Huddleston]] |successor1 = |office2 = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] |deputy2 = [[Trent Lott]]<br>[[Jon Kyl]]<br>[[John Cornyn]] |term_start2 = January 3, 2007 |term_end2 = January 3, 2015 |predecessor2 = [[Harry Reid]] |successor2 = [[Harry Reid]] |office3 = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Whip]] |leader3 = [[Bill Frist]] |term_start3 = January 3, 2003 |term_end3 = January 3, 2007 |predecessor3 = [[Harry Reid]] |successor3 = [[Dick Durbin]] |birth_name = Addison Mitchell McConnell, Jr. |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|2|20}} |birth_place = [[Sheffield, Alabama|Sheffield]], [[Alabama]], [[United States|U.S.]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] |spouse = Sherrill Redmon {{small|(1968–1993)}}<br>[[Elaine Chao]] {{small|(1993–present)}} |children = 3 |alma_mater = [[University of Louisville]]<br>[[University of Kentucky College of Law|University of Kentucky]] |religion = [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]] |website = {{URL|http://mcconnell.senate.gov|Senate website}} |signature = Mitch McConnell Signature.svg |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|USA}} |serviceyears = 1967 |unit = [[100th Infantry Division (United States)|Headquarters, 100th Division]]<br>[[United States Army Reserve|Army Reserve]] }} '''Mitch McConnell''' ('''Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell'''; [[20 Februar]] [[1942]]) wis a senator frae [[America]]. He is senator of [[Kentucky]] syne 1985. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McConnell, Mitch}} [[Category:1942 births]] [[Category:Baptists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:DuPont Manual High School alumni]] [[Category:Kentucky lawyers]] [[Category:Kentucky Republicans]] [[Category:Leadership Institute alumni an associates]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Louisville, Kentucky politeecians]] [[Category:Fowk frae Louisville, Kentucky]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Republican Pairty Unitit States Senators]] [[Category:Spooses o Unitit States Cabinet members]] [[Category:Unitit States congressional aides]] [[Category:Unitit States Senators frae Kentucky]] [[Category:Varsity o Kentucky alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Kentucky College o Law alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Louisville alumni]] {{Stub/USPoliteecian}} pv2e4hqsn6zxxqu1dtmje2mj3ylb18y 0 74183 919075 910028 2026-07-07T15:44:08Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 Cairried on impruivin the Scots yuised in the airticle, fixed spellin mistaks, an the like. Addit bit mair info anent the yuise o the wird "snooker" (taen frae the Independent source) 919075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Cue sport}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Infobox sport | image = Snooker table selby.JPG | imagesize = 300px | caption = Three-time warld champion [[Mark Selby]] playin at a practice gemm | union = [[Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association|WPBSA]]<br />[[International Billiards an Snooker Federation|IBSF]] | first = 1870 in Indie | contact = Non-contact | category = [[Cue sports|Cue sport]] | equipment = Snooker table, [[Billiard baw#Snooker|snooker baws]], [[cue stick]], triangle, chalk | venue = Snooker table | olympic = [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] recognition<ref name="Snookerolympic" /> | IWGA = [[2001 Warld Games|2001]]{{snds}}present }} '''Snooker''' (mou-banned: {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|s|n|uː|k|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|s|n|ʊ|k|ər}})<ref name="Macmillan British" /><ref name="Macmillan American" /> is a [[cue sports|cue sport]] that originatit amang Breetish Airmy officers stationed in [[Indie]] in the seicont hauf o the 19t yearhunner. It is played at a rectangular table kivvert wi a green claithe (or "baize"), wi pockets at ilk-ane o the fower corners an in the mids o ilka lang side. Uisin a cutstick an 21 coloured baws, players hiv tae strike the white baw (or "cue baw") tae pot or pocket the lave o the baws in the correct order, gaitherin up pynts fur ivery pot. An individual gemm (or frame), is wan bi the player scorin the maist pynts. A match is wan whan a player wins a predetermined batch o frames. The snooker came tae its ain in 1884 whan airmy officer [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]], stationed in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, thocht on a set o rules that jyned pyramid an black puil. The wird ''snooker'' wis a lang-uised militar wird fur sma-expairienced or first-year militar fowk. The gemm grew in popularity in the Breetish Isles, an the Billiars Associe an Control Club wis formed in 1919. It is nou governed bi the Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association (WPBSA) (Scots: ''Warld Perfaisional Billiars an Snooker Associe''). The [[Warld Snooker Championship]] haes taen place frae 1927. {{Ill|Joe Davis|en}}, a heidmaist feigur in the early growth o the sport, wan the championship 15 straicht times frae 1927 tae 1946. The "modren era" stairtit in 1969 efter the braidcaster [[BBC]] commeissioned the snooker telly programme ''Pot Black,'' an efter a while stairtit airin the Warld Championship in 1978. The heidmaist figures in the gemm war [[Ray Reardon]] in the 1970s, [[Steve Davis]] in the 1980s, an [[Stephen Hendry]] in the 1990s, ilk-ane winnin sax or mae Warld Championships. Syne 2000, [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] haes wun the maist warld titles, wi five. Tap professional players nou compete regular aroond the warld an win millions o punds on the Warld Snooker Tour, thit featurs players frae aa aroun the warld. == History == [[File:Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain.png|thumb|right|upright|[[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]], a Breetish airmy officer that thocht on the gemm an its rules in the late 19t century]] The ruits o snooker gings back tae the hint-end o the 19t yearhunner.<ref name="origins" /> In the 1870s, the Inglis billiards wis a popular activity amang Breetish Airmy officers stationed in [[Indie]], an a curnie forms o the gemm war thocht on durin this time.<ref name="origins" /> Ae form that cam frae the officers' mess o the 11t Devonshire Regiment in 1875<ref name="heritage2008" /> jyned the rules o twa pocket billiards games: Pyramid an Black Puil.<ref name="Neville Chamberlain disambiguation" /><ref name="FullHistory" /> The foremaist ane wis played wi 15 reid coloured baws poseitioned in a triangle, while the hinner-ane involved the pottin o designatit baws.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="Shamos 1994" /> The gemm wis developit in 1884 whan its first set o rules wis finalised bi [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]],{{efn|Nae the [[Neville Chamberlain|Prime Minister]] o the same name}} an Inglis airmy officer thit gied a haun tae develop an popularise the gemm at Stone House in Ooty on a table biggit bi Burroughes & Watts that wis brocht ower bi boat.<ref name="telegraph2014" /> The wird ''snooker'' back than wis a slang wird fur first-year caddies an sma-expairienced militar fowk, but Chamberlain wad eften uise it tae lichtlify the fouterie performance o ane o his fellae officers at the table.<ref name="origins" /> In 1887, snooker wis gien its first definit reference in Ingland in a copy o ''Sporting Life'', resultin in a growth in popularity.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Chamberlain came oot as the gemm's inventor in a letter tae ''The Field'' published on 19 Mairch 1938, 63 year efter the fact.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Snooker haed grown in popularity oot-throu the Indian colonies an the Breetish Isles, but it bedd a gemm maistly fur the gentrice, an mony knab's clubs that haed a billiards table wadnae allou non-members inbye tae play.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Tae accommodate the growin interaist, smawer an mair apen snooker-specific clubs war formed.<ref name="heritage2008" /> In 1919, the Billiards Association an the Billiards Control Buird jyned tae form the Billiards Association an Control Club (BA&CC) an a new, staundart set o rules fur snooker first became offeecial.{{sfn|Gadsby|Williams|2012|p=8}} In 1927 the first [[Warld Snooker Championship]] wis organised bi [[Joe Davis]].<ref name="origins" />{{efn|The event wis kent than as the Professional Snooker Championship.<ref name="ProfessionalChampionship" />}} Davis, a professional Inglis billiards an snooker player, muived the gemm frae a pastime tae a perfaisional acteevity.<ref name="CnVTimeline" /> Davis wan ivery warld championship ontil 1946, whan he retired frae the championships.<ref name="5J29x" /> The gemm gaed in a dwine throu the 1950s an 1960s wi nae muckle interaist generatit ootside o thaim thit war awready playin.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="smhday6" /> In 1959, Davis presentit a form o the gemm kent as "Snooker Plus" tae try tae impruive the gemm's popularity bi eikin twa extra colours, but this misgied tae gain interaist.<ref name="day1">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895%2C8253550 |date=27 October 1959 |page=10 |title=Snooker Plus |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505071329/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895,8253550 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=27 October 1959 |page=17 |title=J Davis launches Snooker Plus}}</ref> In 1969, [[David Attenborough]] commeissioned the snooker telly series ''Pot Black'' tae shaw the potential o colour telly, wi the green table an multi-coloured baws bein ideal fur shawin furth the advantages o colour braidcastin.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="news_BBCS" /><ref name="Cue China" /> The series became a ratings success an wis fur a time the saicont-maist popular programme on BBC Twa.<ref name="FCS-PB" /> Interaist in the gemm gaed up an the 1978 Warld Snooker Championship wis the first tae be fully televised.<ref name="commonwealth" /><ref name="OTT-40" /> The gemm swippertly became a mainstream gemm in the [[United Kingdom|Unitit Kinrick]],<ref name="GuardianThatch" /> [[Ireland]] an oot-throu the feck o the Commonwealth, an haes enjyed muckle speed frae the late 1970s, wi the maist o the rankin toornaments gettin televised.<ref name="FullHistory" /> Bi the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] a tot o 18.5 million viewer watched the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] atweesh Dennis Taylor an [[Steve Davis]], a record viewership fur the Unitit Kinrick fur ony braidcast efter midnicht.<ref name="dsoH1" /><ref name="inde_Grea" /> In the early 2000s, a ban on tobacco advertisin haed resultit in a dwine in the nummer o professional tournaments,<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> wi professional toornaments gettin cut doun tae anely 15 events in 2003, frae 22 in 1999.<ref name="snoo_WWWS" /><ref name="snoo_WWWS_GThzD" /> Hounaiver, the popularity o the gemm in Asia, wi kythin talents siclike as Liang Wenbo an mair estaiblished players as in the likes o Ding Junhui an Marco Fu, boostin the sport in the Far East.<ref name="BeebDing2" /><ref name="BeebDing1" /> Bi 2007, the BBC dedicate 400 oors tae snooker kivverage, in confeerance tae juist 14 meenits 40 year earlier.<ref name="gE3Ec" /> In 2010, promoter Barry Hearn gained a controllin interaist in Warld Snooker Ltd. an the Warld Snooker Tour, hechtin tae revitalise the "moribund" professional gemm.<ref name="fUEoB" /><ref name="peHgu" /><ref name="theg_Barr" /> Syne this time, the nummer o Perfaisional tournaments haes gaen up, wi 44 events aa throu the 2019/20 saison.<ref name="snoo_Cale" /> Events hae been made tae be mair suitable fur telly braidcasts forbye, for ensample the Snooker Shoot-Out, a timed, ae-{{cuegloss|frame}} toornament.<ref name="worl_2019" /> Awaird siller fur Perfaisional events haes gaen up as weel, wi tap players makin a twa-three million pund durin thair careers.<ref name="IFuYf" /> The winner o the [[2020 Warld Snooker Championship]] will be gettin £500,000 out o a tot found o £2,395,000.<ref name="Prize" /> == Rules == === Ettle === [[File:Snooker table drawing 2.svg|thumb|Snooker table wi baws stell'd in thair stairtin poseition. At the stairt o the gemm, the cue baw (white) can be stell'd onywhaur intil the semicircle, kent as the "D".]] [[File:To pot the red.jpg|thumb|A gemm bein played at a hauf-size table. The player is strikin the cue baw tae pot a reid baw intae the corner pocket.]] The ettle o the gemm is tae score mair pynts nor the opponent bi pottin baws in the correct order. At the stairt o a frame, the baws are poseitioned as shawn in Feegur A, an the players than tak turns hittin shots bi strikin the "cue baw" wi the cue stick, thair ettle bein tae pot ane o the reid baws (or "reid") intae a pocket an thereby score a pynt. Missin tae mak contact wi the reid constitutes a fowl shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Gin the striker pots a reid, thay maun than pot ane o the sax "colours". Gin the player pots a colour, the vailue o that baw is eikit ontae the player's score, an the baw is brocht back tae its stairtin poseition on the table. Efter that, the player haes tae pot anither reid, than anither colour, efter ither. This process continues ontil the striker misses tae pot the ettled baw; at that pynt the opponent comes tae the table tae play the nixt shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> The act o scorin efter ither like this is tae mak a brak (leuk till scorin ablow).<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> [[File:Snooker break.ogv|thumb|Computer simulation o a snooker brak-off shot]] The gemm continues like this till aw reids hae been pottit an anely the sax colours is left on the table.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> At this pynt the colours maun be pottit in the order frae laest tae maist vailuable baw, conform till the table tae the richt. The shots are: yellae (twa pynt), green (three pynt), broun (fower pynt), blue (five pynt), pink (sax pynt) an black (seiven pynt), the baws nae bein returned tae play.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Whan the hindmaist baw gets pottit, the player wi mair pynts wins.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Gin the scores is peels whan aw the baws hae been pottit, the black is stell'd back on its spat as a peeled gemm. In this seetiation, cawed the re-spotted black, the black baw gets pitten on its designatit spat an the cue baw is played as baw in haund. The referee than tosses a coin an the winner decides whitna player gaes first. The frame continues ontil ane o the players pots the black baw or commits a fowl.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> A player mey concede a frame while on strike forbye, gin they think thare arenae eneuch pynts tae be gotten on the table tae baet the opponent's score. In the perfaisional snooker this commonly happens.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /><ref name="rule_Snoo" /> Perfaisional an competitive amateur matches are offeeciatit bi a referee. The referee replaces the colours on the table whan necessar an caws oot hou mony pynts the player haes scored durin a brak forbye.<ref name="Scorboard" /> Perfaisional players uisually plays at the gemm in a sportin mainner, declarin fowls at thay hae committed but the referee haes missed,<ref name="belf_Mark" /> awnin guid shots frae thair opponent, an haudin up a haund fur tae apologeeze fur happy shots, kent as "flukes".<ref name="belf_Mark" /> === Scorin === Pynts in the snooker is gained frae pottin the correct baws in order. The tot nummer o consecutive pynts (no coontin fowls) that a player amasses durin ae veesit tae the table is kent as a brak. A player winnin till a brak o 15, fur ensample, coud hae raxed till it it bi pottin a reid than a black, than a reid than a pink, afore missin tae pot the nixt reid. A [[maximum brak]] in the snooker is achieved bi pottin aw reids wi blacks than aw colours, resultin in 147 pynts; this is aften kent as a "147" or juist as a "maximum".<ref name="BBC147" /> {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="2"| Colour ! Vailue |- |Reid |bgcolor="#ff0000" style="width:2ex;"| |1 pynt |- |Yellae |bgcolor="#ffff00"| |2 pynts |- |Green |bgcolor="#00c000"| |3 pynts |- |Broun |bgcolor="#996633"| |4 pynts |- |Blue |bgcolor="#0000ff"| |5 pynts |- |Pink |bgcolor="#fb5f87"| |6 pynts |- |Black |bgcolor="#000000"| |7 pynts |} Pynts can be scored in a gemm whan a player's opponent fowls as weel. A fowl can occur fur mony raisons, maist commonly fur missin tae hit the correct baw (e.g. hittin a colour first whan the player wis ettlin tae hit a reid), or fur sendin the cue baw intil a pocket. The foremaist can occur whan the player misses tae win free frae a "snooker" – a seetiation whaur the lest player lea's the cue baw poseitioned sae as nae legal baw can be strucken direct wioot hinder frae an illegal baw. Pynts gained frae a fowl differ frae a minimum o fower tae a maximum o seiven gin the black baw is involved.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> A fowl shot thit lea's nae valid shot fur the opponent can lea' thaim wi a "free baw". A free baw allous a player tae uise ony ither coloured baw in steid o the shot thay war meant tae play. Daein that wi aw 15 reid baws in play can result in a brak owergaein a maximum, wi the heichest possible bein a [[Maximum brak#Breaks exceedin 147|155 break]], achieved via the opponent leavin a free baw, wi the black bein pottit as the extra colour, an than pottin aw 15 reids an blacks wi the colours.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Jamie Cope haes the distinction o bein the first player in snooker history tae post a verified 155 brak, achieved in a practice frame in 2005, wi ither players siclike as {{ill|Alex Higgins|en}} claimin tae hae made a seimilar brak forbye.<ref name="belf_Alex" /><ref name="pund_147I" /> Ae gemm, frae the baws in thair stairtin poseition ontil the hindmaist baw gets pottit, is cried a "frame". A match for ordnar consists o a predetermined nummer o frames an the player thit wins the maist frames beirs the gree. Maist perfaisional matches are needin a player tae win five frames, an are cried "best-o-nine" in reference tae the maximum possible nummer o frames. Tournament finals are uisually best-o-17 or best-o-19, while the warld championship uises langer matches – reengin frae best-o-19 in the qualifiers an the first roond up tae best-o-35 fur the final (first tae 18), an is played ower fower sessions o play hauden ower twa days.<ref name="BBCWSN1" /> == Governance an tournaments == The Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association (WPBSA, kent as Warld Snooker forbye), foondit in 1968 as the Professional Billiard Players' Association,<ref name="wpbsafounding" /> is the governin body for the perfaisional compitition.<ref name="biggestbreak" /><ref name="infighting2" /><ref name="infighting3" /> The amateur gemm (takin in youth compitition) is governed bi the Internaitional Billiards an Snooker Federation (IBSF).<ref name="ibsf" /> Events heild specifically for weemen an events fur seniors are haunnled bi Warld Snooker unner Warld Women's Snooker an the Warld Seniors Tour, respectively.<ref name="LANCS" /><ref name="J3Vse" /><ref name="worl_WPBS" /> === Tournaments === ==== Perfaisional ==== Perfaisional snooker players play on the Warld Snooker Tour. Events on the Tour are anely appen tae players on the Tour an waled sma-expairienced players, but maist events are needin qualificatioun. Players can qualify fur the Tour aither bi bein heich eneuch on the warld rankins frae earlier saisons, winnin continental championships, or throu the Challenge Tour or Q Schuil events.<ref name="qualifortour" /> Players on the Tour generally gain twa-year participation fur the events.<ref name="qualifortour" /> The Tour haes an offeicial warld rankins scheme as weel, wi anely players on the Tour receivin a rankin. {{ill|Rankin points|en|Snooker warld rankins}}, wan bi players throu thair performances ower the past twa saisons, determine the current warld rankins.<ref name="WSrankinchart" /> A player's rankin determines what level o qualification he or she requires fur specific toornaments. The high heid yins o the professional snooker are generally regairdit as the "tap-16" rankin players.<ref name="top16-1" /> Thay arenae required tae pre-qualify fur a puckle o the toornaments, for ensample the [[Shanghai Masters (snooker)|Shanghai Maisters]], the [[Masters (snooker)|Maisters]] an the Warld Snooker Championship.<ref name="top16-2" /> Certain ither events, siclike as the anes in the [[Coral Cup (snooker)|Coral Cup series]], uise the ane-year rankin list tae qualify; thir anes uise the results o the current saison tae mak kent participants.<ref name="news_Cora" /> The nou, the Tour contains 125 players, wi players aither in the tap-64 on the offeicial rankin list, or feinishin as ane o the tap echt awaird siller winners durin the maist recent saison, guaranteed a tour place fur the nixt saison, this bein assessed efter the Warld Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/tour-survival-2019-five-to-go/ |title=Tour Survival 2019: Five to Go |publisher=warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association |date= |website=wpbsa.com |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> The auldest professional snooker toornament is the Warld Championship,<ref name="wsc1" /> heild annwally syne 1927 (binna durin [[Warld War II]] an atween 1958 an 1963).<ref name="warld Snooker list" /><ref name="vDR55" /> The toornament haes been hauden at the [[Crucible Theatre]] in [[Sheffield]], England, syne 1977, an wis sponsored bi [[Imperial Tobacco|Embassy]] frae 1976 tae 2005.<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> Syne the ban on advertisin tobacco products, the championships hae been sponsored bi bettin companies.<ref name="sponsor" /><ref name="Np1Uq" /><ref name="cgzeF" /> The Warld Championship is the maist heichly vailued awaird in the professional snooker<ref name="wcvalue" /> in terms o financial rewaird (£500,000 fur the winner, umwhile £300,000), rankin pynts an prestige.<ref name="wcprizemoney" /><ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> It is televised extensively in the UK bi the [[BBC]]<ref name="bbc_deal" /> an gains significant kivverage in Europe on [[Eurosport]]<ref name="eurosport_deal" /> an in East Asia on [[CCTV-5]].<ref name="worl_Tour" /> The Warld Championships is pairt o the [[Triple Crown (snooker)|Triple Crown]] alang wi the [[UK Championship (snooker)|UK Championship]] an the non-rankin Maisters.<ref name="dottmasters" /> Thir events are vailued bi a curnie players fur the maist prestigious, an are some o the auldest competitions forbye. Winnin aa three events is a trauchle, an haes anely been dune bi 11 players.<ref name="top16-1" /><ref name="dottmasters" /><ref name="QqJ6D" /> Some events hae been criticised fur matches takin ower lang,<ref name="yawn" /> an alternative series o timed toornaments wir therebye organised bi {{ill|Matchroom Sport|en}} presses {{ill|Barry Hearn|en}}. The shot-timed {{ill|Premier League Snooker|en}} wis estaiblished, wi seiven players invitit tae compete at reg'lar United Kingdom venues, televised on [[Sky Sports]].<ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> Players haed twinty-five seconds tae tak ilka shot, wi five time-outs per player per match. While some speed wis achieved wi this format, it generally didna receive the same amount o press attention or status as the reg'lar rankin toornaments.<ref name="yawn" /> This event wis taen oot o the tour in 2013, whan the {{ill|Champion o Champions|en|Champion o Champions (snooker)}} wis revived.<ref name="en.e_O'Su" /> The Champion o Champions players qualify throu winnin ither events in the saison, wi 16 champions vyein.<ref name="cham_Cham" />{{efn|Unner certain circumstances, a puckle rinners-up participated at the event.<ref name="cham_Cham" /> }} In 2015, the Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association ingave an onsuccessful bid fur the snooker tae be played at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref name="ghz8N" /><ref name="eN1gH" /> Anither bid haes been pitten forrit fur [[2024 Summer Olympics]] throu the Warld Snooker Federation, foondit in 2017.<ref name="KpBpW" /><ref name="T9wCo" /> A trial fur the format fur cue sports tae be played at the 2024 games wis pitten forrit at the {{ill|2019 Warld Team Trophy|en|2019 warld Team Trophy (cue sports)}}, featurin [[nine-ball|nine-baw]] an [[carom billiards]] forbye.<ref name="azbi_Inau" /> The snooker haes been contested at the [[Warld Games|Warld Gemms]] syne 2001, an wis taen in as an event at the 2019 African Gemms.<ref name="jtHKc" /><ref name="eN7hQ" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |title=Snooker to feature as medal event at 2019 African Games in Morocco |date=11 January 2019 |publisher=Inside the Games |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213523/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |first=Michael |last=Pavitt}}</ref> === Criticisms === A twa-three players, siclike as Ronnie O'Sullivan, [[Mark Allen (snooker player)|Mark Allen]] an {{ill|Steve Davis|en}}, hae warnished that thare are ower mony toornaments durin the saison, an that players risk brennin out.<ref name="JrHL1" /> In 2012, O'Sullivan played at less toornaments for tae spend mair time wi his childer, an ended the 2012–13 saison ranked 19t in the warld.<ref name="JrHL1" /> Mairatouer, he didna play at ony toornament in 2013 binna the Warld Championship, whilk he wan.<ref name="JrHL1" /> O'Sullivan haes proponed that a "breakawa tour" wi fewer events wad be beneficial tae the sport, but as o 2019 nae sic tour haes been organised.<ref name="bbc._Ronn" /> A twa-three leagues hae alloued clubs tae deny tae accep weemen players in toornaments.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bIhfn" /> League comatee heid yins hae defended the prattick, sayin, "Gin we tyne twa o thir clubs [wi the men-anely policies] we wad tyne fower teams an we cannae afford tae tyne fower teams itherwise we wad hae nae league."<ref name=":0" /> A Warld Women's Snooker presses said, "It is disappyntin an onacceptable that in 2019 that players siclike as {{ill|Rebecca Kenna|en}} hae been the victim o auld-farrant discriminatory pratticks."<ref name=":1" /> The [[All-Party Parliamentary Group]] said, "The group believes that bein keppit frae playin in a club ower the heids o gender is auld-farrant."<ref name=":1" /> == Graith == [[File:London - Royal Automobile Club - 3024.jpg|thumb|right|Cue-tip chalk, cue, white chalk-buird chalk, an a slidin score-keeper]] The [[#Equipment|pertinents]] uised fur the snooker taks in chalk fur the tip o the cue, rests o diverse kinds uised fur playin shots that cannae be played bi haund, a triangle tae rack the reids, an a scorebuird. Ae back-draw o the snooker on a fou-size ({{convert|12|×|6|ft|cm|abbr=on|disp=sqbr|0}}) table is the size o the room ({{convert|22|x|16|ft|m|disp=sqbr}}), whilk is the minimum required fur canny cuein room on aa sides.<ref name="roomsize" /> This stents the nummer o locations whaur the gemm can eithly be played. While puil tables are common tae mony pubs, snooker is uisally played aither in private surroondins or in public snooker haws. The gemm can be played at smawer tables uisin fewer reid baws forbye. Amang the different kinds o table sizes are {{convert|10|×|5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|9|×|4.5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|8|×|4|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|6|×|3|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}} (the smawest fur realistic play) an {{convert|4|×|2|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}. Smawer tables can come in a variorum o styles, siclike as fauld-awa or aitin-brod convertible.<ref name="snoo_Pool" /> A traditional snooker scorebuird leuks like an abacus an records the score fur ilka frame in units an twenties as weel as the frame scores. Thay are for ordnar eikit tae a waw aside the snooker table. A ae-fauld scorin bead is whiles uised forbye, cried a "scorin string", or "scorin wire".<ref name="Scorboard" /> Ilka bead (pairt o the string) represents a single pynt. Snooker players uisually muive ane or a curnie beads wi thair cue.<ref name="Scorboard" /> The playin surface, 356.9&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;feet 8.5&nbsp;inch) bi 177.8&nbsp;cm (5&nbsp;feet 10&nbsp;inch) fur a staundart fou-size table, wi sax pocket holes, ane at ilka corner an ane at the mids o ilk-ane o the langer side cods.<ref name="equipment">{{cite web |title=Cuesport equipment |author= |work=ActiveSG |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Billiards-and-Snooker/How-To-Play/Billiards-and-Snooker-for-Beginners/Cuesport-equipment |quote=}}</ref> The fully oo claithe is uisually green, wi a directional nap runnin frae the baulk end o the table till the end wi the black baw spat. The claithe is eften cried "baize"; awtho true baize is a lawer quality claithe whiles uised on puil tables. The nap will affect the airt o the cue baw dependin on whitna airt the cue baw is shot in, an on whither cair or richt side (spin) is placed on the baw. Even gif the cue baw is duntit in exackly the same wey, the nap will create a different effect dependin on whither the baw is duntit doun-the-table (till the black baw spot) or up-the-table (till the baulk line). The claithe on a snooker table isnae hoovered, sin this can connach the nap. The claithe is brushed in a straicht line frae the baulk end tae the faur end wi a wheen brush strokes that ging in a straicht line (i.e. nae athort the table). A puckle table men will than rug a dampened claithe wappit aroond a cutty piece o buird (lik a [[Dimensional lumber#Dimensional lumber|twa bi fower]]), or the straicht back o a brush, tae gaither ony fine stour left ower an help lay the nap doun. The table is than ironed. Strachan claithe, uised in offeicial snooker toornaments, is 100% oo. Some ither claithes hae a smaw percentage o nylon.<ref name="ILdhT" /><ref name="Cues Cues" /> == Namely players == {{See an aw|Century break#List o players wi over 100 century breaks|l2=List o snooker players wi over 100 century breaks}} In the professional era that begoud wi [[Joe Davis]] in the 1930s an continues up ontil oor ain day, an effeirin smaw nummer o players hae come speed at the tap level.<ref name="number1" /><ref name="hardwork" /> Joe Davis wis warld champion fur twinty year, retirin onbaeten efter claimin his fifteenth warld title in 1946 whan the toornament wis brocht back efter the [[Second Warld War|Saicont Warld War]].<ref name="Joe Davis">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=Player Profile – Joe Davis OBE |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510053844/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> Davis wis onbaeten in Warld Championship play, an wis anely iver baeten fower times in his haill life, wi aa fower defaits comin efter his Warld Championship retirement an inflictit wi his ain brither {{ill|Fred Davis|en|Fred Davis (snooker player)}}.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> He did loss matches in handicapped toornaments, but on level terms thir fower defaits wir the anely losses o his haill career.<ref name="2QWfZ" /> He wis warld billiards champion forbye.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> It is regairded as nae verra likely that ony-ane will iver owergae the gemm tae this level again.<ref name="tw9Wu" /> Efter Davis retired frae the Warld Championship play, the nixt heidmaist force wis his younger brither Fred Davis, wha haed lossed the {{ill|1940 Warld Snooker Championship|en|1940 warld Snooker Championship}} final tae Joe.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> Bi 1947, Fred Davis wis deemed reddy bi his brither tae tak up the mantle, but lossed the warld final tae the Scotsman [[Walter Donaldson]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Davis just misses warld record |work=Western Daily Press |date=22 October 1947 |access-date=18 March 2016 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19471022/013/0002 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Davis an Donaldson wad vye at the nixt fower finals. Efter the Warld Championship wis forhoo'd in 1953, wi the 1952 final boycotted bi Breetish professionals, the [[Warld Professional Match-play Championship|Warld Professional Match-Play Championship]] became the on-offeicial Warld Championship.<ref name="D80WD" /> Fred Davis wan the event ivery year ontil its hindmaist ane, in 1957, the whilk he didna play at.<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=warld Professional Championship |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416080933/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-date=16 April 2013 |work=cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> [[John Pulman]] wis the maist successfu player o the 1960s, whan the [[1964–68 warld Snooker Championships|Warld Championship]] wis contested on a challenge basis.<ref name="GSC1964">{{cite web |title=warld Championship 1964 |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=19 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310181405/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |archive-date=2011-03-10 |url-status=dead |df=}}</ref> Housomever, whan the toornament wis reverted tae a knockout formula in 1969, he didna come speed. [[Ray Reardon]] became the heidmaist force in the 1970s, winnin sax titles (1970, 1973–1976 an 1978), wi [[John Spencer (snooker player)|John Spencer]] winnin three.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nunns |first=Hector |title=Before the Crucible |url=http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |publisher=Inside Snooker |access-date=29 January 2016 |date=8 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204210827/http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |archive-date=4 February 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=24 April 1976 |page=15 |title=Snooker – Reardon's a class above rest|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_los-angeles-times_1976-04-24_95/page/15 }}</ref> [[Steve Davis]]' first warld title in 1981 made him anely the 11t warld champion syne 1927, takin in the winner o the boycotted 1952 title, Horace Lindrum.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=21 April 1981 |page=1 |title=Champion at 23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 April 1981 |page=10 |title=Snooker – Davis can beat the system|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_1981-04-07_not-available/page/10 }}</ref> Davis wad win sax Warld Championships (1981, 1983, 1984 an 1987–1989), an vyed in the maist watched snooker match iver: the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] final wi [[Dennis Taylor]].<ref name="BBC 1985 bbf">{{cite news |title=1985: The black ball final |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=4 May 2011 |date=18 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928235825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> [[Stephen Hendry]] became the 14t in 1990 an wis heidmaist throu the 1990s, winnin seiven titles (1990, 1992–1996 an 1999).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /><ref name="Global Snooker">{{cite web |title=warld Championship – Roll o Honour |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=18 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222034318/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |archive-date=22 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] is the closest tae dominance in the modren era, haein wun the title on five occasions in the 21t century (2001, 2004, 2008, 2012 an 2013).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /> [[Mark Williams]] haes wun three times (2000, 2003 an 2018) an [[John Higgins]] fower times (1998, 2007, 2009 an 2011), but syne the stert o the century, thare haesnae been a heidmaist force lik in past decades, an the modren era haes seen mony players playin tae a seimilar staundart, insteid o ae player raisin the bar. Davis, fur ensaumple, wan mair rankin toornaments nor the lave o the tap-64 players pit thegither bi 1985. Bi keppin his title in 2013, O'Sullivan became the first player tae come speed wi uphaudin the Warld Championship syne Hendry in 1996 ([[Mark Selby]] wad dae this in 2017 forbye).<ref name="warld Champions" /> == Relatit pages == * [[2019-20 snooker season|2019-20 snooker saison]] * [[Ladies warld Snooker Championship]]<!--Should be integrated into the main text, with information on women in the sport; this article is pretty much a sausage party. The words "women" or "woman" appear nowhere in it other than this comment.--> == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == === Citations === {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Snookerolympic">{{cite news |title=Snooker bids to be included in 2020 Olympics in Tokyo |author= |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 January 2015 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/30942350 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808061802/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/30942350 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Macmillan British">{{cite web |title=Pronunciation of ''snooker'' |work=Macmillan Dictionary |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/snooker |publisher=Macmillan Publishers<!--"Publishers" should not be removed; this is a different company than the US-based Macmillan Publishing, since 1896.--> |location=London, UK |access-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415162427/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/snooker |archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Macmillan American">{{cite web |title=American pronunciation of ''snooker'' |work=Macmillan Dictionary |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/american/snooker |publisher=op. cit. |access-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512225433/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/american/snooker |archive-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Neville Chamberlain disambiguation">{{cite book |last1=Moreman |first1=T. R. |chapter=Chamberlain, Sir Neville Francis Fitzgerald (1856–1944), army officer and inventor of snooker |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |date=25 May 2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/73766}}</ref> <ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance">{{cite news |title=Where does Ronnie rank? |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=21 February 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4283589.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601033451/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4283589.stm |archive-date=1 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BeebDing2">{{cite news |title=China in Ding's hands |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=22 January 2007 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6288739.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827174441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6288739.stm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="origins">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sporting-vernacular-11-snooker-1089731.html |first=Chris |last=Maume |title=Sporting Vernacular 11. Snooker |work=The Independent |date=25 April 1999 |access-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211083228/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sporting-vernacular-11-snooker-1089731.html |archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> <ref name="heritage2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.snookerheritage.co.uk/normans-articles/days-of-old/origins-of-snooker/ |title=Origins of Snooker |first=Peter |last=Clare |date=2008 |publisher=Snooker Heritage |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103150005/http://snookerheritage.co.uk/normans-articles/days-of-old/origins-of-snooker/ |archive-date=3 January 2017}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph2014">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/india/articles/Ooty-India-back-in-time-to-the-birthplace-of-snooker/ |title=Ooty, India: back in time to the birthplace of snooker |date=16 June 2014 |newspaper=The Telegraph |first=Martin |last=Hughes-Games |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321074803/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/india/articles/Ooty-India-back-in-time-to-the-birthplace-of-snooker/ |archive-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> <ref name="CnVTimeline">{{cite web |title=Cues n Views – History Page, timeline |last=Smith |first=John A |work=cuesnviews.co.uk |date= |access-date=24 February 2007 |url=http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |language= |quote=Joe Davis will reinvent this after-dinner pastime and become warld champion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216115629/http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |archive-date=10 February 2008}}</ref> <ref name="news_BBCS">{{cite news |title=Pot Black returns |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=27 October 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117104945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Cue China">{{cite magazine |title=2008 Summer Journey – TIME |author= |magazine=TIME.com |date=19 June 2008 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813223355/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |archive-date=13 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="FCS-PB">{{cite web |first=Frank |last=Callan |title=Pot Black Ratings |work=FCSnooker.co.uk |date=15 March 2007 |url=http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315035635/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=13 November 2017 |quote=Surprisingly, the programme raced to second place in the BBC2 ratings }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615125823/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |date=2011-06-15 }}</ref> <ref name="commonwealth">{{cite news |title=warld Championships 2002 {{!}} Take snooker to the warld |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=5 May 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225160919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="OTT-40">{{cite web |url=http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |title=1978&nbsp;– The warld Snooker Championships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |archive-date=27 April 2006 |date=27 April 2006 |quote=By 1977, though, a new lighting system had been devised, allowing the players to be seen clearly without problems and, the following year, Aubrey Singer agreed to cover the warld Championships all the way through, with an hour of highlights every day for 16 days |access-date=24 February 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |date=2006-04-27 }})</ref> <ref name="GuardianThatch">{{cite web |title=Paul MacInnes: Can an alice band save snooker? |last=MacInnes |first=Paul |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722062340/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |archive-date=22 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="GuardianSponsor">{{cite web |title=Snooker: warld championship finds new sponsors |author= |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325161804/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |archive-date=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BeebDing1">{{cite news |title=Could Ding be snooker's saviour? |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=4 April 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4408523.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127141717/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/4408523.stm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="wsrulessnooker">{{cite web |title=Official Rules of the Games of Snooker and English Billiards |url=http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |publisher=[[warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association|The warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association Limited]] |date=November 2014 |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084316/http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=}}</ref> <ref name="rule_Snoo">{{cite web |title=Snooker for beginners |author= |work=Snooker rules and refereeing |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013735/http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BBC147">{{cite news |title=Ding compiles maximum at Masters |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 January 2007 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207225605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |archive-date=7 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="belf_Alex">{{cite news |title=Alex Higgins: A 155 break impossible? Not for Higgy – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508102333/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |archive-date=8 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="pund_147I">{{cite web |title=147 Is Not Snooker's Maximum Break |author= |work=Pundit Arena |date=2 December 2014 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013406/http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BBCWSN1">{{cite news |title=warld title victory delights Dott |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=2 May 2006 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307030914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |archive-date=7 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="belf_Mark">{{cite news |title=Mark Allen pockets £70k Scottish Open title with a 'nice fluke' – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013259/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="roomsize">Peter Ietswaart, {{cite web |url=http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |author=Ietswaart, Peter |title=Thurston Snooker Table makers |quote=Recommended room size for full size table 22&nbsp;ft × 16&nbsp;ft |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503151323/http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |archive-date=3 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_Pool">{{cite web |title=Pool Table Room Size Guide – Snooker & Pool Table Company Ltd |author= |work=snookerandpooltablecompany.com |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051405/https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Scorboard">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |title=What is Scoreboard in Snooker? Definition and Meaning |publisher=sportsdefinitions.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060047/http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> <ref name="wpbsafounding">{{cite news |title=WPBSA v TSN |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=16 February 2001 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030101203136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |archive-date=1 January 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="biggestbreak">{{cite news |title=Snooker's biggest break |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=7 December 2000 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1059298.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217035813/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1059298.stm |archive-date=17 December 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="infighting2">{{cite news |title=Snooker authorities survive bid |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=13 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040526051838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |archive-date=26 May 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="infighting3">{{cite news |title=Snooker at the crossroads |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711122138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |archive-date=11 July 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ibsf">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |title=About Us |work=IBSF.info |publisher=[[International Billiards and Snooker Federation]] |date=2017 |access-date=13 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812003050/http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> <ref name="WSrankinchart">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/pdfs/WSAPointsSchedule0910.pdf |title=Professional Tour rankin points |publisher=warld Snooker |access-date=25 January 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="top16-1">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/5234798.stm |title=Swail targeting place in top 16 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 August 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name="top16-2">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2000/uk_championship_snooker/1039775.stm |title=The Seeds of Success |publisher=BBC Sport |date=24 November 2000 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031018072104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2000/uk_championship_snooker/1039775.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name="wsc1">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |title=warld title victory delights Dott |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307030914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |archive-date=7 March 2007 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=2 May 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name="sponsor">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/7544214.stm |title=Huge financial blow hits snooker |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413043257/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/7544214.stm |archive-date=13 April 2009 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2008 |access-date=6 August 2008}}</ref> <ref name="wcvalue">{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010420/ai_n14386503 |title=Doherty sets out to regain greatest prize |publisher=The Independent |date=20 April 2001 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-date=2008-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222063748/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010420/ai_n14386503 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> <ref name="wcprizemoney">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4873966.stm |title=warld's best ready for Crucible |publisher=BBC Sport |date=13 April 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424051120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4873966.stm |archive-date=13 April 2006}}</ref> <ref name="bbc_deal">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4378346.stm |title=Snooker signs five-year BBC deal |publisher=BBC Sport |date=26 October 2005 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223074307/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4378346.stm |archive-date=26 October 2005}}</ref> <ref name="eurosport_deal">{{cite web |url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1762954,00.html |title=Eurosport pots TV snooker rights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070901023629/http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1762954,00.html |archive-date=1 September 2007 |publisher=he Guardian |date=27 April 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name="dottmasters">{{cite web |url=http://sport.independent.co.uk/general/article2154851.ece |title=An email conversation with Graeme Dott: 'We need an Abramovich to take the game to a new level |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119182025/https://sport.independent.co.uk/general/article2154851.ece |archive-date=19 November 2007 |publisher=The Independent |date=15 January 2007 |access-date=25 February 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119182025/https://sport.independent.co.uk/general/article2154851.ece |date=2007-11-19 }}</ref> <ref name="yawn">Ronay, B. {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,1932634,00.html |author=Ronay, B |title=Too dull to miss |publisher=The Guardian |date=27 October 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47710362 |title=Snooker player quits over 'men-only' rule |date=26 March 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812185051/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47710362 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47726687 |title=MPs call for end to men-only snooker clubs |date=27 March 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812183542/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47726687 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Cues Cues">{{cite web |url=http://www.cuescues.co.uk/snooker-cloth/Hainsworth-Smart-Snooker-Cloth?product_id=168 |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=20 July 2013 |work=Cues Cues |title=Tournament Grade 9ft Pool Snooker Cloth Set – Choose Your Colour |archive-date=2013-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130720150135/http://www.cuescues.co.uk/snooker-cloth/Hainsworth-Smart-Snooker-Cloth?product_id=168 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> <ref name="number1">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/1980218.stm |title=O'Sullivan in exalted company |publisher=BBC Sport |date=10 May 2002 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030827090701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/1980218.stm |archive-date=11 May 2002}}</ref> <ref name="hardwork">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/special_events/snooker/newsid_3986000/3986151.stm |title=Putting in the practice |author=Hunter, Paul |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215033918/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/special_events/snooker/newsid_3986000/3986151.stm |archive-date=15 December 2015 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=5 November 2004 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name="warld Champions">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/warld_championship10_history.htm?tid=154 |title=warld Snooker Championship&nbsp;– History |publisher=warld Snooker |access-date=9 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528154608/http://www.worldsnooker.com/warld_championship10_history.htm?tid=154 |archive-date=28 May 2010}}</ref> <ref name="dsoH1">{{cite news |title=1985: The black ball final |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=18 April 2003 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030924005037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |archive-date=24 September 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="gE3Ec">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/16/sports/othersports/16spencer.html |title=John Spencer, 71, Dies; Helped Popularize Snooker |date=16 July 2006 |work=The New York Times |access-date=26 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423040650/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/16/sports/othersports/16spencer.html |archive-date=23 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="fUEoB">{{cite news |title=Barry Hearn wins vote to take control of warld Snooker |author= |work=BBC |date=2 June 2010 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/8712167.stm |quote= 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|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000568/19261113/110/0006 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name="smhday6">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZvlXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uOcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5826%2C3589905 |date=11 March 1968 |page=12 |title=Snooker win to Pulman |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301135415/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZvlXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uOcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5826%2C3589905 |archive-date=1 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="FullHistory">{{cite web |title=Full History of Snooker – WPBSA |author= |work=WPBSA |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/about/history/full-history-of-snooker/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810132854/http://www.wpbsa.com/about/history/full-history-of-snooker/ |archive-date=10 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="inde_Grea">{{cite web |title=Great Sporting Moments: Dennis Taylor defeats Steve Davis 18–17 at the |work=The Independent |date=12 July 2009 |access-date=4 September 2019 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/great-sporting-moments-dennis-taylor-defeats-steve-davis-18-17-at-the-crucible-1741225.html}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_WWWS">{{cite web |title=WWW Snooker: Tournament Diary 1998/99 |author= |work=snooker.org |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.snooker.org/Trn/9899/diary9899.shtml |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213172612/http://www.snooker.org/Trn/9899/diary9899.shtml |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_WWWS_GThzD">{{cite web |title=WWW Snooker: The 2003/2004 Season |author= |work=snooker.org |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.snooker.org/trn/0304/ |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67oAU7qAv?url=http://www.snooker.org/trn/0304/ |archive-date=20 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="theg_Barr">{{cite web |title=Barry Hearn wins vote to take control of warld Snooker |author= |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/jun/02/barry-hearn-warld-snooker |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="snoo_Cale">{{cite web |title=Calendar 2019/2020 – snooker.org |work=snooker.org |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2019&template=2 |language=no |quote=}}</ref> <ref name="worl_2019">{{cite web |title=2019 BetVictor Shoot Out – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/tickets/2019-snooker-shoot-out/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711043029/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tickets/2019-snooker-shoot-out/ |archive-date=11 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Prize">{{cite web |title=2019–2020 Season Summary |author= |work=worldsnooker.com |date= |access-date=30 July 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719025727/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="5J29x">{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 October 1946 |page=8 |title=Billiards and Snooker – J Davis retires}}</ref> <ref name="Shamos 1994">{{cite book |last1=Shamos |first1=Mike |title=Pool |url=https://archive.org/details/poolhistorystrat0000sham |url-access=registration |date=1994 |publisher=Friedman Fairfax |location=New York City |ref=Shamos 1994 |page=[https://archive.org/details/poolhistorystrat0000sham/page/50 50]}}</ref> <ref name="IFuYf">{{cite news |title=warld Snooker prize money increase highlights growth, says Barry Hearn |author= |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=8 July 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/48909960 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829000907/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/48909960 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="qualifortour">{{cite web |title=Main Tour Qualification 2019/20 – WPBSA |author= |work=WPBSA |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/main-tour-qualification-2019-20/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407182559/https://www.wpbsa.com/main-tour-qualification-2019-20/ |archive-date=7 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="news_Cora">{{cite web |title=Coral Cup: warld Grand Prix first on the agenda for new competition |author= |work=Coral News |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://news.coral.co.uk/other/snooker/coral-cup-snooker/coral-cup-warld-grand-prix-first-on-the-agenda-for-new-competition.html |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="warld Snooker list">{{cite web |title=History of the warld Snooker Championship |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/BetfredcomwarldChampionshipTournamentsArticle/0,,13165~2306123,00.html |work=worldsnooker.com |publisher=[[warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] |access-date=30 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315202302/http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/BetfredcomwarldChampionshipTournamentsArticle/0%2C%2C13165~2306123%2C00.html |archive-date=15 March 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="worl_Tour">{{cite web |title=Tournament Broadcasters 2019–20 – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments-broadcasters-2019-20/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628205251/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments-broadcasters-2019-20/ |archive-date=28 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="en.e_O'Su">{{cite web |title=O'Sullivan excited by new Champion of Champions event |author= |work=ESPN.co.uk |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721145126/http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |archive-date=21 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cham_Cham">{{cite web |title=Champion of Champions Qualifying Criteria Confirmed – Champion of Champions Snooker |author= |work=Champion of Champions Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013150233/http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="azbi_Inau">{{cite web |title=Inaugural warld Team Trophy Sees 24 of the Best Cuesports Champions Assemble in Paris |author= |work=azbilliards.com |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085806/https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bbc._Ronn">{{cite web |title=Ronnie O'Sullivan 'ready to go' with breakaway snooker tour |author= |work=BBC Sport |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820190307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="vDR55">{{cite web |title=Embassy warld Championship |url=http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |publisher=Snooker Scene |access-date=9 May 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |date=2013-01-24 }}</ref> <ref name="QqJ6D">{{cite book |last=Eric |first=Hayton |title=The CueSport Book of Professional Snooker: The Complete Record & History |year=2004 |publisher=Rose Villa Publications |location=London |isbn=0-9548549-0-X |page=11}}</ref> <ref name="jtHKc">{{cite web |title=Billiards/Snooker/Men/ |url=http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |publisher=warld Games 2001 Akita |access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020319022044/http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |archive-date=19 March 2002}}</ref> <ref name="eN7hQ">{{cite web |title=Snooker Results (Men) |url=http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |publisher=Sports123.com |access-date=23 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222050119/http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |archive-date=22 February 2009}}</ref> <ref name="LANCS">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Women's Billiards. Association Formed to Control the Championships. |url= |magazine=Lancashire Evening Post |location=p.10 |publisher= |date=1 October 1931 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref> <ref name="worl_WPBS">{{cite web |title=WPBSA warld Seniors Tour – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003113215/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="J3Vse">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=No interference |url= |magazine=Gloucestershire Echo |location=p.5 |publisher= |date=30 November 1933 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref> }} === Sources === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Snooker's warld Champions: Masters of the Baize |first1=Paul |last1=Gadsby |first2=Luke |last2=Williams |year=2012 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-78057-715-9 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} == External links == {{Commons and category}} {{Wiktionary|en}} * [http://www.cuesports.club/ Cuesports.club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317012610/http://www.cuesports.club/ |date=2019-03-17 }} * [http://www.worldsnooker.com/ Warld Snooker Limited] * [http://www.wpbsa.com/ Warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association] * [http://www.ibsf.info/ International Billiards & Snooker Federation] * [http://www.ebsa.tv/ European Billiards & Snooker Association] * [http://www.sinucasinuca.com.br/historia/ History of Billiards in Brazil] [[Category:Snooker| ]] [[Category:Individual sports]] [[Category:Indoor sports]] [[Category:Sports originating in South Asia]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] 1750jrfoujxtw8r2cfiymc5y4ywae3l