Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4994 919100 915646 2026-07-10T01:08:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Armenie | nativename = {{lang|hy|հայերէն/հայերեն}} ''hayeren'' | pronunciation = {{IPA-hy|hɑjɛˈɾɛn|}} | states = [[Armenie]] | speakers = 6.7 million | date = | dateprefix = c.&nbsp; | ref = e18 | familycolor = Indo-European | ancestor2 = [[Clessical Armenie]] | ancestor3 = [[Middle Armenie]] | stand1 = [[Eastren Armenie]] | stand2 = [[Wastren Armenie]] | script = {{plainlist| *[[Armenie alphabet]] *[[Armenie Braille]]}} | nation = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Armenie}}}} | minority = '''Offeecial ''(de jure)'' status:''' *{{flag|Cyprus}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Cyprus |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024143749/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |archivedate=24 October 2011 }} {{Cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=2014-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207055025/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Cyprus.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> *{{flag|Hungary}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Hungary |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227004902/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |archivedate=27 February 2014 }} {{Cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=2014-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227004902/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Hungary.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> *{{flag|Iraq}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution: Article 4|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|publisher=The Republic of Iraq Ministry of Interior General Directorate for Nationality|accessdate=16 June 2014|quote=The right of Iraqis to educate their children in their mother tongue, such as Turkmen, Syriac, and Armenian shall be guaranteed in government educational institutions in accordance with educational guidelines, or in any other language in private educational institutions.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|archivedate=28 November 2016|df=}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=2016-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> *{{flag|Kurdistan Region}}<ref>https://news.am/eng/news/244068.html</ref> *{{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Territorial languages in the Republic of Poland|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/report/PeriodicalReports/PolandPR1_en.pdf|publisher=[[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]]|accessdate=16 June 2014|location=Strasbourg|page=9|date=30 September 2010}}</ref> *{{flag|Romanie}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |title=Implementation of the Charter in Romania |work=Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |publisher=Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research |accessdate=16 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222161215/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |archivedate=22 February 2012 }} {{Cite web |url=http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222161215/http://languagecharter.eokik.hu/sites/StatesParties/Romania.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> *{{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/5029-17| title=Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy" (Current version – Revision from 01.02.2014) |publisher=rada.gov.ua|work=Document 5029-17, Article 7: Regional or minority languages Ukraine, Paragraph 2|date=1 February 2014|accessdate=30 April 2014|lang =uk}}</ref> '''Semi-offeecial or unoffeecial ''(de facto)'' status:''' *{{flag|Georgie}}<br>([[Samtskhe-Javakheti]]){{efn|Armenie haes na legal status in Samtske-Javakheti, but it is widely spoken bi its Armenie population, that is concentratit in Ninotsminda an Akhalkalaki districts (ower 90% o the tot population in thir twa destricts).<ref>{{cite book|last=Hille|first=Charlotte|title=State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus|url=https://archive.org/details/statebuildingcon00hill|year=2010|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|location=Leiden, Netherlands|isbn=9789004179011|page=[https://archive.org/details/statebuildingcon00hill/page/241 241]}}</ref> Thare war 144 state-fundit schuils in the region as o 2010 whaur Armenie is the main leid o instruction.<ref>{{cite news|title=Javakhk Armenians Looks Ahead to Local Elections|url=http://asbarez.com/78867/georgias-armenian-minority-looks-ahead-toward-local-elections/|accessdate=26 May 2014|newspaper=[[Asbarez]]|date=31 March 2010|quote=Javakheti for use in the region's 144 Armenian schools&nbsp;...|archive-date=2017-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141439/http://asbarez.com/78867/georgias-armenian-minority-looks-ahead-toward-local-elections/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mezhdoyan|first=Slava|title=Challenges and problems of the Armenian community of Georgia|url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/MinorityIssues/Session5/statements/ItemV/3.%20EuropeanArmenianFederationJustice%20andDemocracy.pdf|publisher=European Armenian Federation for Justice and Democracy|accessdate=26 May 2014|location=Tbilisi|date=28 November 2012|quote=Armenian schools in Georgia are fully funded by the government&nbsp;...}}</ref>}} *{{flag|Lebanon}}{{efn|The Lebanese govrenment recognises Armenian as a minority leid,<ref>{{cite web|title=About Lebanon|url=http://www.cas.gov.lb/index.php/about-lebanon-en|publisher=Central Administration of Statistics of the Republic of Lebanon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526152210/http://www.cas.gov.lb/index.php/about-lebanon-en|archivedate=26 May 2014|quote=Other Languages: French, English and Armenian}}</ref> pairteecularly for eddicational purposes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention. Third periodic reports of states parties due in 2003: Lebanon|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/45377eb00.pdf|publisher=[[Committee on the Rights of the Child]]|accessdate=26 May 2014|page=108|date=25 October 2005|quote=Right of minorities to learn their language. The Lebanese curriculum allows Armenian schools to teach the Armenian language as a basic language.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sanjian|first=Ara|title=Armenians and the 2000 Parliamentary Elections in Lebanon|url=http://www.groong.org/ro/ro-20000907.html|work=Armenian News Network / Groong|publisher=[[University of Southern California]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526153117/http://www.groong.org/ro/ro-20000907.html|archivedate=26 May 2014|quote=Moreover, the Lebanese government approved a plan whereby the Armenian language was to be considered from now on as one of the few 'second foreign languages' that students can take as part of the official Lebanese secondary school certificate (Baccalaureate) exams.}}</ref>}} *{{flag|Turkey}}{{efn|In eddication, accordin tae the [[Treaty o Lausanne (1923)|Treaty o Lausanne]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Jilali|last=Saib|contribution=Languages in Turkey|editor1-last=Extra|editor1-first=Guus|editor2-last=Gorter|editor2-first=Durk|title=The Other Languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/otherlanguagesof0000unse_r1e4|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781853595097|page=[https://archive.org/details/otherlanguagesof0000unse_r1e4/page/422 423]|quote=No other language can be taught as a mother language other than Armenian, Greek and Hebrew, as agreed in the Lausanne Treaty&nbsp;...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Okçabol|first1=Rıfat|contribution=Secondary Education in Turkey|editor1-last=Nohl|editor1-first=Arnd-Michael|editor2-last=Akkoyunlu-Wigley|editor2-first=Arzu|editor3-last=Wigley|editor3-first=Simon|title=Education in Turkey|year=2008|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|location=Berlin|isbn=9783830970699|page=65|quote=Private Minority Schools are the school established by Greek, Armenian and Hebrew minorities during the era of the Ottoman Empire and covered by Lausanne Treaty.}}</ref>}} *{{flag|Iran}} | agency = Institute o Leid ([[Armenie Naitional Academy o Sciences]])<ref>{{cite web|title=H. Acharian Institute of Language|url=http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&langid=1|website=sci.am|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005040613/http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=34&langid=1|archivedate=5 October 2014|quote=Main Fields of Activity: investigation of the structure and functioning, history and comparative grammar of the Armenian language, exploration of the literary Eastern and Western Armenian Language, dialectology, regulation of literary language, development of terminology}}</ref> | iso1 = hy | iso2b = arm | iso2t = hye | lc1 = hye | ld1 = Eastren Armenie | lc2 = hyw | ld2 = Wastren Armenie | lc3 = xcl | ld3 = [[Clessical Armenie]] | lc4 = axm | ld4 = [[Middle Armenie]] | lingua = 57-AAA-a | map = Map-of-speakers-of-armenian.png | mapcaption = {{Legend|#023858|Offeecial leid spoken bi the majority}} {{Legend|#0570b0|Recognised minority leid}} {{Legend|#74a9cf|Signeeficant nummer o speakers}} | notice = IPA | protoname = [[Proto-Armenie]] | glotto = arme1241 | glottorefname = Armenic }} '''Armenie''' (''հայերեն լեզու'', ''hayeren lezu'' or ''hayeren'') is a [[Indo-European leids|Indo-European]] leid. It is the naitional leid o the [[Armenie|Republic o Armenie]] an is spak in pairts o [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]] an aw. It haes aboot sieven million speakers athort the warld. ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Armenian language}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Armenie leid| ]] [[Category:Armenie leids| ]] [[Category:Subject–object–verb leids]] [[Category:Leids o Armenie]] [[Category:Leids o Roushie]] [[Category:Leids o Turkey]] [[Category:Leids o Kazakhstan]] [[Category:Leids o Iran]] [[Category:Leids o Lebanon]] [[Category:Leids o Georgie (kintra)]] [[Category:Leids o the Caucasus]] [[Category:Leids o Cyprus]] [[Category:Leids attestit frae the 5t century]] {{Stub/Armenie}} {{Stub/Leid}} prpu4bjxsbn3aznjoawgqpcdpq5044d 0 35066 919104 640962 2026-07-10T03:16:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Blekinge | native_name = Blekinge län | native_name_lang = se | settlement_type = [[Coonties o Sweden|Coonty o Swaden]] | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_shield = Blekinge vapen.svg | shield_size = 75px | image_blank_emblem = SverigesLän2007Blekinge.svg | blank_emblem_type = &nbsp; | blank_emblem_size = 150px | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | established_date = 1683 | seat_type = Caipital | seat = [[Karlskrona]] | leader_party = | leader_title = Govrenor | leader_name = [[Gunvor Engström]] | leader_title1 = Cooncil | leader_name1 = Landstinget Blekinge | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2941 | population_total = 153131 |population_footnotes =<ref name="scb_kvartal_1_2011">{{cite web | title=Kvartal 1 2011 | publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] | url=http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____228187.aspx}}</ref> | population_as_of = 31 Mairch 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP/ Nominal]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Swadish krona|SEK]] 34,566 million (2004) | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP per capita]] | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Swadish krona|SEK]] 231,000 | blank_name_sec2 = [[First level NUTS o the European Union#Sweden|NUTS Region]] | blank_info_sec2 = SE221 }} '''Blekinge Coonty''' (''Blekinge län'') is a [[Coonties o Swaden|coonty]] or ''[[län]]'' in the sooth o [[Swaden]]. It borders the Coonties o [[Skåne Coonty|Skåne]], [[Kronoberg Coonty|Kronoberg]], [[Kalmar Coonty|Kalmar]] an the [[Easter Seas]]. The caipital is [[Karlskrona]]. It is the smawest o the present admeenistrative coonties o Swaden, coverin anerlie 0,7 % o the total aurie. == Province == ''For History, Geography and Culture see: [[Blekinge]]'' Blekinge, the historical province ''Blekinge'', haes virtually the same bundaries as the current admeenistrative entity, Blekinge Coonty. == Admeenistration == Blekinge Coonty wis a pairt o [[Kalmar Coonty]] atween 1680 an 1683, due tae the foondation o the naval base at [[Karlskrona]]. The main aim o the [[Coonty Admeenistrative Buirds o Swaden|Coonty Admeenistrative Buird]] is tae fulfil the goals set in naitional politics bi the [[Parliament o Swaden|Parliament]] an the [[Politics o Swaden|govrenment]], tae coordinate the interests o the coonty, tae promote the development o the coonty, tae establish regional goals an safeguard the due process o law in the handlin o each case. The Coonty Admeenistrative Buird is a [[Govrenment Agencies in Swaden|Govrenment Agency]] heidit bi a Govrenor. See [[Leet o Blekinge Govrenors]]. == Heraldry == The Coonty o Blekinge inheritit its coat o airms frae the province o Blekinge. When it is shown wi a ryal croun it represents the Coonty Admeenistrative Buird. == Politics == ''Main airticle: [[Blekinge Coonty Cooncil]]'' Blekinge Coonty Cooncil, or ''Landstinget Blekinge'', is a municipal entity that is independent o, but coterminous wi, the Coonty Admeenistrative Buird. Its main responsibilities lee in health care an public transportation issues for the coonty. == Municipalities == [[Image:Blekinge Municipalities.png|right|270px]] Population as o 2009-12-31 Blekinge coonty total 152 591, 1.6 % o the naition. *Karlshamn 30 919 *Karlskrona 63 342 *Olofström 13 102 *Ronneby 28 416 *Sölvesborg 16 813 ==Localities in order o size== The five maist populous [[Urban auries o Swaden|localities]] in Blekinge Coonty as defined bi [[Statistics Sweden]] 2005: {|class="wikitable" ! # !! Locality !! Population |- | 1 || '''[[Karlskrona]]''' || align="right" | 32 606 |- | 2 || [[Karlshamn]] || align="right" | 18 768 |- | 3 || [[Ronneby]] || align="right" | 11 767 |- | 4 || [[Sölvesborg]] || align="right" | 7 883 |- | 5 || [[Olofström]] || align="right" | 7 425 |} ==References an notes == {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == *[http://www.lansstyrelsen.se/blekinge/Sv/Pages/default.aspx Blekinge Coonty Admeenistrative Buird] *[http://www.ltblekinge.se/ Blekinge Coonty Cooncil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105140009/http://www.ltblekinge.se/ |date=2013-01-05 }} *[http://www.regionblekinge.se/ Regional Association o Blekinge] {{Coonties o Swaden}} {{Blekinge Coonty}} [[Category:Coonties o Swaden]] [[Category:Blekinge|Coonty]] [[Category:Blekinge Coonty| ]] 3putk169osswgkle7dtsuru3v8a1qe8 0 39121 919105 893655 2026-07-10T04:00:13Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Båstad Municipality | native_name = Båstads kommun<!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Båstad vapen.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Båstad Municipality in Scania County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Skåne Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]] | seat = [[Båstad]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Båstad Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Båstad Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Båstad Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Båstad Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Sweden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Scanie]] an [[Halland]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 1278 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.bastad.se www.bastad.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Båstad Municipality''' (''Båstads kommun'') is a [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Skåne Coonty]] in soothren [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the toun o [[Båstad]]. The present municipality wis established in 1971 when the mercat toun (''[[köping]]'') ''Båstad'' wis amalgamatit wi the surroondin rural municipalities. Ane parish wis transferred frae [[Halland Coonty]]. ==Localities== Thare are 6 [[Urban auries in Sweden|localities]] in Båstad Municipality. In the table thay are leetit accordin tae the size o the population as o 31 December 2005. The municipal seat is in bauld characters. {| class="wikitable" ! # !! Locality !! Population |- | 1 || '''[[Båstad]]''' || 4,793 |- | 2 || [[Förslöv]] || 1,998 |- | 3 || [[Torekov]] || 883 |- | 4 || [[Grevie]] || 769 |- | 5 || [[Östra Karup]] || 563 |- | 6 || [[Västra Karup]] || 556 |} ===Hallandian ridge=== Extendin throu the municipality, markin the mairch tae the province [[Halland]], is the rig o Hallandia, or ''Hallandsåsen''. It is ane o the heichest pynts in the itherwise flat-terrained [[Scanie]], wi a hicht o 226 meters. The rig reached the public ee in 1997, when a tunnel bein dug throu the rig caused fishes in the streams tae dee an cous grazin on the rig tae acome paralyzit. The raison wis a substance containin the pushionous substance [[acrylamide]] uised bi the diggin company tae coonteract a surprisin heich level o [[grundwatter]] in the rig. ==References== *[https://runeberg.org/nfbd/0461.html Article ''Båstad''] frae [[Nordisk Familjebok]] (in Swadish anerlie) *[http://www.scb.se Statistics Sweden] {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.bastad.se/ Båstad Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425110303/http://www.bastad.se/ |date=2012-04-25 }} - Offeecial steid *[http://www.bastad.com/eng/index.html Båstad Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024071218/http://www.bastad.com/eng/index.html |date=2004-10-24 }} *[http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/b/bastad.htm Coat o airms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611044717/http://www.ngw.nl/int/zwe/b/bastad.htm |date=2007-06-11 }} {{Skåne Coonty}} {{Localities in Båstad Municipality}} {{Commons|Båstad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bastad Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Skåne Coonty]] lw6ya5iczrh6169avn08f1xdcqud6ot 0 41012 919122 894383 2026-07-10T10:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Håbo Municipality}} {{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Habo Municipality | native_name = Habo kommun<!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Habo vapen.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Habo Municipality in Jönköping County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Jönköping Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]] | seat = [[Habo]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Habo Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Habo Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Habo Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Habo Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Västergötland]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 0643 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.habokommun.se www.habokommun.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Habo Municipality''' (''Habo kommun'') is a [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Jönköping Coonty]], soothren [[Swaden]], whare the toun o [[Habo]] is seat. The present municipality wis formit in 1974 when a pairt o the dissolvit rural municipality o ''Fågelsås'' wis amalgamatit wi "auld" Habo. It wis transferred frae the dissolvit [[Skaraborg Coonty]] tae [[Jönköping Coonty]] in 1998. ==Geografie== Things tae dae in the municipality include activities relatit tae the lake [[Vättern]], such as fishin, bathin an hikin. It affers plenty o natur an ootdoor activities. Juist ootiside the seat is a forest o [[beech]] firths plantit bi coont [[Per Brahe the younger]] in the 17t century an lovely for recreational walks. An aw athin the municipality twa auries hae been deemit important enough tae be [[nature reserves]]: [[Fiskebäck]] haes a moist grund whare [[hazel]] an [[aik]] hae claimit maist o the space in competition wi [[aspen]], [[bird cherry (subgenus)|bird cherry]], [[birch]], [[sallae]], [[Crataegus|hawthorn]], beech an [[ash tree|ash]]; while [[Hökensås]] is distinguished bi a variet terrain o [[valley]]s an [[slopes]] wi some 50 [[tarn (lake)|tarn]]s an sma [[lake]]s an a [[fauna (animals)|fauna]] o great variety. ==Localities== There are 3 [[Urban auries in Swaden|urban aurie]]s (cried a Tätort or locality) in Habo Municipality. In the table the localities are leetit accordin tae the size o the population as o 31 December 2005. The municipal seat is in bauld characters. {| class="wikitable" ! # !! Locality !! Population |- | 1 || '''[[Habo]]''' || 6,244 |- | 2 || [[Furusjö]] || 344 |- | 3 || [[Fagerhult, Habo|Fagerhult]] || 317 |} ==Schuils== *''Bränningeskolan'' 1975- *''Fagerhults Skola'' 1910- *''Gröne Vägens Skola'' 1931- *''Habo Centralskola'' 1953-1998 (Dividit in 1998. Grades F-5 became ''Hagenskolan'', grades 6-9 became ''Hagabodaskolan'') *''Hagenskolan'' 1998- *''Hagabodaskolan'' 1998- *''Kråkerydsskolan'' 1976- *''Malmgårdsskolan'' 1996- ==Sports== *[[BIF Fagerhult]], formit 1949. [[Floorbaw]] late 1980s- *[[Habo Handboll]], formit 1990. [[Team handbaw]] 1990- *[[Habo IF]], formit 26 Aprile 1926. [[Athletics (sport)|Athletics]] 1926-, [[Association fitbaa|fitbaa]] 1926- an [[Bandy]] 1926-1998 *[[Habo Wolley 87]], formit 1987. [[Volleybaw]] *[[Hagaboda SK]], formit 1989. [[Floorbaw]] *[[Yellow Obah]], formit 1995. [[Volleybaw]] (Ferm team tae Habo Wolley 87) == Sights == [[Image:Habo church interior 180dpi.jpg|center|thumb|Habo church interior]] ==See an aw== * Acause [[diacritic]]s are aften droppit on the Inglis orientit Internet, Habo is sometimes ramfeeselt wi [[Håbo Municipality]], locatit in the province o [[Uppland]] (near [[Stockholm]]). (The address http://www.habo.se is for instance used for Håbo only <!-- Can't see a trace of Habo Municipality on that page on 2010-06-07 --> .) == References == * Unless itherwise statit, the material is foond on the offeecial wabpage * 1: Incorporatit frae [[:sv:Habo kyrka]] * 2: [https://runeberg.org/nfbj/0519.html article Habo] frae [[Nordisk Familjebok]] (1909) *[http://www.scb.se Statistics Sweden] {{reflist}} == Freemit airtins == {{commons cat|Habo Municipality}} * [http://www.habokommun.se/ Habo Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111113326/http://www.habokommun.se/ |date=2021-01-11 }} - Offeecial steid {{Jönköping Coonty}} {{Localities in Habo Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Jönköping Coonty]] [[Category:Skaraborg]] kn5vg3jh3xkhst7zuo4u01mcgp2pz3b 0 41032 919120 825789 2026-07-10T08:18:46Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox municipality <!-- See Template:Infobox municipality for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Filipstad Municipality | native_name = Filipstads kommun<!-- If different from name --> | native_name_lang = sv<!-- ISO 639-2 code, e.g. "sv" for Swedish. --> | settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Swaden|Municipality]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Filipstad vapen.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = Filipstad Municipality in Värmland County.png | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = <!-- Sweden --> | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Swaden]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Swaden|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Värmland Coonty]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | seat_type = [[Admeenistrative centre|Seat]] | seat = [[Filipstad]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | area_total_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Filipstad Municipality}} | area_land_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Filipstad Municipality}} | area_water_km2 = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Filipstad Municipality}} | area_water_percent = | area_note = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}. | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}} | population_total = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Filipstad Municipality}} | population_as_of = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[Värmland]] an [[Dalarna]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 1782 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]] | website = [http://www.filipstad.se www.filipstad.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''Filipstad Municipality''' (''Filipstads kommun'') is a [[municipalities o Swaden|municipality]] in [[Värmland Coonty]] in wast central [[Swaden]]. Its seat is locatit in the [[stad (Swaden)|ceety]] o [[Filipstad]]. The present municipality wis creatit in 1971 when the Ceety o Filipstad wis mergit wi the rural municipalities o Kroppa, Rämmen an Värmlandsberg. ==Localities== Wi at least 200 inhabitants: *[[Filipstad]], 6,300 inhabitants (seat) *[[Lesjöfors]], 1,247 inhabitants *[[Nykroppa]], 1,020 inhabitants *[[Persberg]], 350 inhabitants *[[Nordmark, Swaden|Nordmark]], 250 inhabitants ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.filipstad.se Filipstad Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512012744/http://www.filipstad.se/ |date=2021-05-12 }} - Offeecial steid *[http://filipstad.ifolkmun.se/in-english/ filipstad.ifolkmun.se] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230163247/http://filipstad.ifolkmun.se/in-english/ |date=2007-12-30 }} - Local news steid {{Värmland Coonty}} {{Localities in Filipstad Municipality}} [[Category:Municipalities o Värmland Coonty]] cnwx1ar10s5xzdw996s8eseqf255r23 0 43435 919101 915507 2026-07-10T01:10:03Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Armenies in Roushie |image = <table border=0 align="center"> <tr> <td>[[File:Aram Khachaturian, Pic, 17.jpg|60x60px]]</td> <td></td> <td>[[File:Armen Jigarhanian.jpeg|60x60px]]</td> <td>[[File:Evgeny Petrosyan.jpg|60x60px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small>[[Aram Khachaturian]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Anastas Mikoyan]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Yevgeny Petrosyan]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> <tr> <td>[[File:Sergey Lavrov 17.03.2010.jpeg|60x60px]]</td> <td>[[File:Irina Allegrova.jpeg|60x60px]]</td> <td>[[File:Kasparov-34.jpg|60x60px]]</td> <td>[[File:Ani Lorak and Philipp Kirkorov.jpg|60x60px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><small>[[Sergey Lavrov]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Irina Allegrova]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Garry Kasparov]]</small></td> <td><small>[[Philipp Kirkorov]]</small></td> </tr> <tr> </tr> </tr> <tr> </tr> </table> |caption = |pop = 2010 census: '''1,182,388'''<ref name="2010census"/><br /> <small>estimations:</small> 2,200,000,<ref>{{hy icon}} [http://encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=697&sWord=Array Հայերը Ռուսաստանում]</ref> 2,500,000<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://ria.ru/society/20021216/282886.html В России проживает более 2,5 млн армян]</ref> |region1 = <center>[[Moscow]], [[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Stavropol Krai]], [[Rostov Oblast]] |pop1 = |languages = <center>[[Armenie leid|Armenie]], [[Roushie leid|Roushie]] |religions = }} [[File:Armenian Cathedral Moscow January 2012.jpg|thumb|350px|The [[Armenie Cathedral o Moscow]], completit in 2011]] '''Armenies in Roushie''' are ane o the kintra's lairgest ethnic minorities an the lairgest [[Armenie diaspora]] commonty ootside o Armenie. The 2010 Roushie census recordit 1,182,388 Armenies in the kintra. Various figures estimate that the ethnic [[Armenies|Armenie]] population in [[Roushie]] is actually mair nor 2 million. Armenies populate various regions, includin [[Moscow]], [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Krasnodar Krai]] in the [[North Caucasus]] an as far as [[Vladivostok]] in the east. The Roushie govrenment is encouragin Armeniies tae immigrate an settle in Roushie unner Compatriots program an is providin financial an dounset incentives.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asbarez.com/97229/armenia-urges-russia-to-discourage-armenian-migration/ |title=Armenia Urges Russia to Discourage Armenian Migration |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-date=2019-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910101756/http://asbarez.com/97229/armenia-urges-russia-to-discourage-armenian-migration/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.armenianembassy.ru/ Armenie Embassy in the Roushie Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403003918/http://www.armenianembassy.ru/ |date=2013-04-03 }} * [http://www.armawir.ru/ Offeecial steid o Armavir, Roushie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514141710/http://www.armawir.ru/ |date=2020-05-14 }} * [[Armenie Cemetery (Moscow)|Armenie Cemetery in Moscow]] {{Armenie diaspora}} {{Immigration tae Roushie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenies In Roushie}} [[Category:Armenie diaspora]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Roushie]] [[Category:Roushie Armenies]] a8lm6l9gmd5marfw29657ab7s49pnzq 0 44484 919108 907614 2026-07-10T05:25:18Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Korean settlement |title=Chung-guyŏk |img=0322_Pyongyang_Turm_der_Juche_Idee_Aussicht.jpg |imgcaption=The [[Grand Fowk's Study Hoose]] an [[Kim Il-sung Square]] (wi [[Ryugyong Hotel]] in backgrund) |context=north |hanja={{linktext|中|區|域}} |hangul=중구역 |rr=Jung-guyeok |mr=Chung-guyŏk |area_km2= |pop= |popden_km2= |divs=19 admeenistrative ''dong'' |map= }} '''Chung-guyŏk''' (Central Destrict) is ane o the 19 ''[[Admeenistrative diveesions o North Korea#Seicont-level diveesions|guyok]]'' that constitutes the city o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. The destrict is locatit in the centre o the city, atween the [[Potong River|Potong]] an [[Taedong River]]s, an is mairched tae the north bi [[Moranbong-guyok]], tae the northwast bi [[Potonggang-guyok]], an tae the sooth bi [[Pyongchon-guyok]]. ==Owerview== As the centre o Pyongyang, the destrict hauds mony o the cities maist important biggins. The kenspeckle [[Kim Il-sung Square]] is locatit here alang the banks o the Taedong river, alang wi the [[Grand Fowk's Study Hoose]], whilk is the [[naitional librar]] o North Korea.<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DEPOLIB/0,,contentMDK:64018714~menuPK:50015251~nHighlightIndex:4~pagePK:64032996~piPK:50014957~theSitePK:285317,00.html The Grand People's Study House of the DPR of Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822053309/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DEPOLIB/0,,contentMDK:64018714~menuPK:50015251~nHighlightIndex:4~pagePK:64032996~piPK:50014957~theSitePK:285317,00.html |date=2014-08-22 }}. ''UN System Depository Libraries''. Retrieved on August 31, 2008.</ref> Awtho Chung-guyok wis ance the historical centre o Pyongyang, it wis amaist completely obliteratit durin the [[Korean War]] bi American bombin. Still, vestiges o the auld city can still be seen, an the destrict is hame tae seevral o North Korea's [[Naitional Treasurs o North Korea|Naitional Treasurs]], includin the rebuilt [[Potongmun|Potong]] an [[Taedongmun|Taedong Gates]], the [[Pyongyang Bell]], the [[Ryongwang Pavilion]], an the [[Sungryong Hall|Sungryong]] an [[Sungin Hall]]s.<ref>http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/cul/cul_lis.jsp?area_cd=11000000 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203130618/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/cul/cul_lis.jsp?area_cd=11000000 |date=2008-12-03 }}</ref> Ither biggins that are locatit here include the [[Koryo Hotel]], [[Taedonggang Hotel]], Pyongyang First Depairtment Store, The Naitional Stamp museum o the DPRK, The Pyongyang Central Childer's palace an Taedongmoon Cinema. The [[Pyongyang Metro]] runs throu this destrict, wi stops at Yonggwang, Ponghwa, an Sungri Stations. Executive offices o the [[Govrenment o North Korea|North Korean govrenment]] an its industrie are locatit here. This is the heidquairters burgh o the Central Committee o the [[Wirkers' Pairty o Korea]]. ==Economy== [[Air Koryo]] haes a beukin office in Tongsŏng-dong.<ref>"[http://www.korea-dpr.com//Air%20Koryo/contact.htm Contact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605071321/http://www.korea-dpr.com//Air%20Koryo/contact.htm|date=2011-06-05}}." [[Air Koryo]]. Retrieved on August 6, 2009.</ref> ==Admeenistrative diveesions== Chung-guyok is dealt intae nineteen admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i002.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2006-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104121819/http://nk.joins.com/map/i002.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" ! ![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]] ![[Hanja|Hancha]] |- |Changgwang-dong||창광동||{{linktext|蒼|光|洞}} |- |Chongro-dong||종로동||{{linktext|鍾|路|洞}} |- |Chungsong-dong||중성동||{{linktext|中|城|洞}} |- |Haebangsan-dong||해방산동||{{linktext|解放|山|洞}} |- |Kyogu-dong||교구동||{{linktext|橋|口|洞}} |- |Kyongrim-dong||경림동||{{linktext|敬|臨|洞}} |- |Kyongsang-dong||경상동||{{linktext|慶|上|洞}} |- |Mansu-dong||만수동||{{linktext|萬|壽|洞}} |- |Oesong-dong||외성동||{{linktext|外|城|洞}} |- |Otan-dong||오탄동||{{linktext|烏|灘|洞}} |- |[[Potongmun]]-dong||보통문동||{{linktext|普|通|門|洞}} |- |Ryonhwa-dong||련화동||{{linktext|蓮|花|洞}} |- |Ryusong-dong||류성동||{{linktext|柳|城|洞}} |- |Sochang-dong||서창동||{{linktext|西|蒼|洞}} |- |Somun-dong||서문동||{{linktext|西|門|洞}} |- |[[Taedongmun]]-dong||대동문동||{{linktext|大|同|門|洞}} |- |Tongan-dong||동안동||{{linktext|東|岸|洞}} |- |Tonghung-dong||동흥동||{{linktext|東|興|洞}} |- |Tongsong-dong||동성동||{{linktext|東|城|洞}} |- |Yokjon-dong||역전동||{{linktext|驛|前|洞}} |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] 72t8xtfccwq25twtij7z6j3pdhc5u9p 0 44929 919096 359800 2026-07-09T23:48:41Z Cobra 3000 28371 Pit in tags 919096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox Korean name|hangul=력포구역 |hanja={{linktext|力|浦|區|域|}} |rr=Ryeokpoguyeok|mr=Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk}} '''Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk''', or '''Ryŏkp'o Destrict''' is ane o the 19 guyŏk that constitute [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]. This is whaur pairt o the [[Complex o Goguryeo Tombs]] o Pyongyang can be foond. {{Stub}}{{Pyongyang}} [[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]] lwieo0of1gxzjj2djdu637mgh2nb3pi 0 57616 919091 919072 2026-07-09T20:54:47Z IvanScrooge98 29685 /* */ name 919091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Mina | image = Mina Epoca 1972.jpg | caption = Mina in 1972 | image_size = | alias = Baby Gate, Mina Mazzini | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Mina Anna Mazzini | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|03|25|df=yes}} | birth_place =[[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]], Italy | death_date = | death_place = | origin = [[Cremona]], Lombardy, Italy | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]], [[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[Italian popular muisic|Musica Leggera]],<br> [[Blues]], [[Jazz]], [[Europop|Euro-Pop]],<br> [[Rhythm an Blues]], [[Canzone Napoletana]],<br> [[Bossa nova]], [[Dance muisic|Dance]] | occupation = Sangster | years_active = 1958–present | label = [[:it:Italdisc|Italdisc]], [[:it:Ri-Fi|Ri-Fi]], [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]], [[EMI]] | associated_acts = [[Lucio Battisti]], [[Bruno Canfora]], [[Adriano Celentano]],<br> [[Gianni Ferrio]], [[Giorgio Gaber]], Augusto Martelli,<br> [[Pino Presti]] | website = [http://www.minamazzini.com/ www.minamazzini.com] }} '''Mina Anna Mazzini''',<ref>[https://www.moneyhouse.ch/it/company/marex-sa-12037821271 Moneyhouse]. In Italian</ref> <small>[[OMRI]]</small> (born 25 Mairch 1940), kent professionally as '''Mina''', is ane o the maist successfu Italian sangsters o aw time. She wis a staple o Italian telly variety shaws<ref name=carrera>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1hVfHLOGAxwC&pg=PA325&dq=Folk+music+and+popular+song+from+the+nineteenth+century+to+the+1990s&ei=ZcusS9e1Hqq2zQSnrKwe&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Folk%20music%20and%20popular%20song%20from%20the%20nineteenth%20century%20to%20the%201990s&f=false|first=Alessandro|last= Carrera|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|editor=Zygmunt Guido Baranski, Rebecca J. West|title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture| chapter=Folk music and popular song from the nineteenth century to the 1990s|pages=325–336|year=2001}}</ref> an a dominant figur in Italian pop muisic frae the mid-1960s tae mid-1970s,<ref name=biography/> kent fur her three-octave [[vocal reenge]],<ref name=callas>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|author=Rina Gagliardi|title=Mina, una stella come la Callas|language=it|publisher=Confederazione Democratica Lavoratori Sammarinesi|date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719060122/http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> the agility o her [[soprano]] vyce,<ref name=callas/> an her image as an [[Feminism|emancipatit wumman]].<ref name=feminista>{{cite news|title=Mina, la prima femminista (anche se non lo sapeva)|trans-title=Mina, the first feminist (although she didn't know that)|language=it|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|author=Maria Luisa Agnese|page=36|date=26 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917000859/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> In performance, Mina combined seevral modren styles wi tradeetional Italian melodies an [[swing muisic]], that makkit her the maist versatile pop sangster in [[Muisic o Italy|Italian muisic]].<ref name=carrera/> Mina dominatit the Italian chairts fur fifteen years an reached an unsurpassed level o popularity in Italy.<ref name=biography/> She haes scored [[Mina discografie|77 album an 71 single]] on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/><ref name=album/> Mina's TV appearances in 1959 wur the furst fur a female [[rock an roll]] sangster in Italy. Her loud syncopatit singin earned her the elk-name ''Queen o Screamers''.<ref name=cool>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501210836/http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|url=http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|title=Sounds: New Digs. Catalog of Cool|archive-date=1 May 2008 }}</ref> The public labeled her the ''Teeger o [[Cremona]]'' fur her wild gestures an bouk shaks an aw. Whan she turned tae licht [[tradeetional pop muisic|pop tunes]], Mina's chairt-toppers in [[Wast Germany]] in 1962 an [[Japan]] in 1964 earned her the title o the best internaitional airtist in thir kintras.<ref name=german>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|title=Chartverfolgung / Mina / Single|publisher=Music Line|language=de|access-date=5 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215050/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=germania/><ref name = fratarcangeli/> Mina's mair refined sensual manner wis introducit in 1960 wi [[Gino Paoli]]'s ballad "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|This World We Love In]]", that chairtit on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 1961. Mina wis banned frae Italian TV an radio in 1963 acause her pregnancy an relationship wi a marriet actor did no accord wi the dominant [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] an [[bourgeois]] [[morals]].<ref name=ninoromano>Mina. Storia di un mito by Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986)</ref> Efter the ban, the Italian braidcastin service [[RAI]] tree'd tae continue tae prohibit her sangs, that wis fortricht in dealin wi subjecks sic as releegion, smokin an sex.<ref name=ninoromano/> Mina's [[Ceul (aesthetic)|ceul]] ack combined [[sex appeal]] wi public [[:en:Smoking in Italy|smokin]], [[hair colorin|dyed]] blond hair, an shavit [[eyebrous]] tae creaut a "bad girl" image.<ref name = cool/> Mina's vyce haes distinctive [[timbre]] an great pouer.<ref name=canzone>[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/coriandoli/coriandoli.htm Coriandoli]. Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name=tintarella>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/t/tintarella_di_luna.htm Tintarella di Luna] Hit Parade Italia</ref> Her main themes are anguisht luve stories performit in heich dramatic tones. The sangster combined clessic Italian pop wi elements o [[blues]], [[R&B]] an [[soul muisic]] durin the late 1960s,<ref name="Se stasera sono qui"/> inspecially whan she wirkit in collaboration wi componer [[Lucio Battisti]]. Tap Italian sangwriters creatit material wi lairge vocal ranges an unuisual [[chord progression]]s tae shawcase her singin skeels, pairticulairly "Brava" bi [[Bruno Canfora]] (1965) an the pseudo-[[serialism|serial]] "Se telefonando" bi [[Ennio Morricone]] (1966). The latter sang wis kivered bi seevral performers abraid. [[Shirley Bassey]] carriet Mina's ballad "[[Grande grande grande]]" tae chairts in the U.S., U.K., an ither Inglis-speakin kintras in 1973. Mina's [[easy listenin]] duet "[[Parole parole]]" wis turned intae a warldwide hit bi [[Dalida]] an [[Alain Delon]] in 1974. Mina gae up public appearances in 1978 an haes continued tae lowse popular albums on a yearly basis tae the present day. ==Life an career== ===Early life=== Anna Maria Mazzini<ref name=sanremo>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&oi=fnd&pg=IA1&dq=mina+sanremo&ots=1KVt7RbIYV&sig=wxITaWHy4YImDGiKB-3mTv_9h3o|author= Marcello Giannotti|year=2001|title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo (Encyclopedia of Sanremo)|language=Italian|publisher=Gremese|location= Rome, Italy}}</ref><ref name=svizzera>{{cite news|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1989/11/07/da-ieri-mina-diventata-cittadina-svizzera.html|newspaper=[[la Repubblica]]|title=Da ieri Mina e' diventata cittadina svizzera (Yesterday Mina acquired Swiss citizenship)|language=it|date=7 November 1989}}</ref> wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]].<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> The faimily muivit tae wirk in [[Cremona]] in her bairnheid. She listened tae American rock an roll an jazz records an wis a frequent visitor at the Santa Tecla an the Taverna Messicana clubs o [[Milan]], baith kent for promotin rock an roll.<ref name=toscana>{{cite web|url=http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055544/http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|title= Senti questa chitarra... Gli Anni '60|publisher=Toscana musiche|access-date=25 May 2010|language=it}}</ref> Efter feenishing heich schuil in 1958, she attendit college whaur she majored in accoontin.<ref name="Mina. Biografia">[http://www.musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm Mina. Biografia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630063619/http://musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm |date=2017-06-30 }}. Musicalstore.it site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ===Queen o Screamers (1958–1961)=== While on simmer holiday in [[Versilia]] on 8 August 1958, Mazzini gae an improvisit performance o the sang "Un'anima tra le mani" to amuis her faimily efter a concert at the [[:it:Bussola Versilia|La Bussola]] nicht club.<ref name=biography>{{cite web|url=http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|title=Biography of Mina|accessdate=25 May 2010|publisher=Rai International Online|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000428/http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wong>{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Theresa|title=Here's Mina for you|url=http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|publisher=Art Practical|date=11 April 2010|access-date=30 July 2010|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062915/http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Durin the follaein nichts, Sergio Bernardini, the awner o the club, held her back in her attempts tae get back on stage.<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12">P.Belluso-F.Merkel, Unicamente Mina, Gammalibri 1983, p.12</ref> In September, she stairtit her solo career wi the backin o the baund Happy Boys.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her concert in September 1958, afore an audience o 2,500 fowk at the Theatre o [[Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti|Rivarolo del Re]], wan enthusiastic approval frae local creetics.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 Rivarolo del Re, 24 settembre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031143955/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 |date=2006-10-31 }} La Provincia newspaper, 24 September. In Italian. Retrieved 3 July 2007</ref> She suin signed wi Davide Matalon, awner o the smaw record company Italdisc. Her first single, "Non partir"/"Malatia", wis producit unner the stage name Mina for the Italian audience. Simultaneously, "[[Be Bop A Lula]]"/"When" wis issued unner the name ''Baby Gate'' for the internaitional audience. ''Baby'' wis chosen as a contrast tae her 178&nbsp;cm hicht (5&nbsp;ft 10 in) — exceptionally taw for an Italian wumman — an ''Gate'' as a tribute tae [[The Golden Gate Quartet]].<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12"/><ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/finti.htm Guai ai finiti]. Maurizio Targa. Hit Parade Italia</ref> In Dizember, her performance at the [[:it:Sei giorni della canzone|Sei giorni della canzone festival]] o [[Milan]] wis describit bi the ''[[:it:La Notte|La Notte]]'' newspaper as the "birth o a starn".<ref>Guido Gerosa [http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 Nascono le stelle a Porta Garibaldi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031173332/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 |date=2006-10-31 }} [Birth of a star at Porta Garibaldi]. La Notte. 2 December 1958. In Italian</ref> It wis Mina's last performance wi the Happy Boys, as her faimily refused tae let her skip college for a scheduled tour o Turkey. Less nor a month efter the breakup wi her previous baund, Mina co-foondit a new group cried Solitari, which consistit o a sangster, a saxophonist, a pianist, a contrabassist, an a guitarist. Her first hit wi the baund featurt Mina performit an extra-loud, syncopatit version o the popular [[swing muisic|swing]] sang "Nessuno" ("Nobody"), which she performit at the first rock festival in the Milan Ice Palace in Februar 1959.<ref>Marcello Bufacchi, Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme, Riuniti 2005, p.13. In Italian</ref><ref>T.Crotti, G.Bassi, "Mina prima di Mina", Rizzoli Editore, 2007, p.64. In Italian</ref><ref name="Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni50/schede/nessuno/tv.htm Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina]. Galleria della canzone site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> Performances o the sang on the TV [[gemme show]]s ''[[Lascia o raddoppia?]]'' an ''Il musichiere'' on 1 Mairch an 4 Apryle wur hailed bi Italian creetics. The starlet signed wi Elio Gigante, an experiencit airtist manager. In the follaein years, he organisit her performances in the grand ballrooms o Italy.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her first Italian #1 hit wis the up-tempo "Tintarella di luna" ("Moon Tan") in September 1959, which wis performit in her first ''[[musicarello]]'' (muisical comedy film), ''Juke box - Urli d'amore''. In late 1959, Matalon haed her drop the name Baby Gate in favour o Mina. ===Growin up (1960–1965)=== The next year, when Mina teuk pairt in the [[Sanremo Muisic Festival|Festival della canzone italiana]] in [[Sanremo]] wi twa sangs, she turned tae slow emotional luve sangs for the first time. The sang "È vero" ("It's True") reached #8 on the Italian chairts.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1960.htm Sanremo 1960 (10a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> [[Gino Paoli]]'s sang "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|Il cielo in una stanza]]" ("The Sky in a Room") markit the beginnin o the young sangster's transformation frae a rock an roll shrieker tae a feminine inspiration for [[cantautori]].<ref name="Il cielo in una stanza">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/c/cielo_in_una_stanza.htm Il cielo in una stanza]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The idea for the sang "Luve can grow at ony moment at ony place" haed come tae Paoli while lyin on a bed an leukin at the purpie ceilin.<ref>[http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm Paolo Grugni. Canzoni sempreverdi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002005/http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Madrepennuta.it. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The single toppit the leet o annual sales in Italy<ref name=singles>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it| title=Top Annuali Singles| publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> an reached the Billboard Hot 100<ref name=cool/> as "This World We Love In". Video performances o the sang wur includit in the muisicarellos ''Io bacio... tu baci'' an ''Appuntamento a Ischia'', an in 1990, in the [[:en:Goodfellas (soundtrack)|soondtrack]] o the film ''Goodfellas''. At the 1961 Sanremo sang festival, Mina performit twa sangs. "Io amo, tu ami" ("A Luve, You Luve") feenisht fowert an "Le mille bolle blu" ("A Thoosan Blue Bubbles") placit fift.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1961.htm Sanremo 1961 (11a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Disappointit wi thir results, Mina declared her intention o niver performin at the Sanremo sang festival again. As her sangs an movies wur awready popular abroad, Mina stairtit tae tour Spain an Japan,<ref>"Banzai Mina! Bentornata Mina!". Musica E Dischi. 25 June 1961. In Italian</ref> and performed on Venezuelan TV in 1961.<ref>"Mina ha stregato il Venezuela". ''Gente'' 25 August 1961In Italian.</ref> Mina performit on Spainyie TV an at the [[Paris Olympia]] haw at the beginnin o 1962.<ref>"Mina ha conquistato dal vivo gli spagnoli" (In Italian). ''Oggi'' 1 February 1962</ref> The presentation o her German single "Heißer Sand" on 12 Mairch 1962 on [[Peter Kraus]]'s TV show caused a boom o 40,000 record sales in ten days in Germany.<ref>"Mina incide in tedesco" (In Italian). ''Musica e dischi'', 1 April 1962</ref> The record went tae #1 an spent ower hauf the year on the German chairts in 1962.<ref>[http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 Nummer-1-Singles 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160903/http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 |date=2014-07-14 }} RubyCon. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina haed sax mair singles on the German chairt in the next twa years.<ref name=german/> In a listeners' poll conductit in Julie 1962 in Germany, Austrick, an the German-speakin portion o Swisserland, Mina wis votit the maist popular sangster in the warld.<ref name=germania>"Mina ha conquistato la Germania", ("Mina has conquered Germany". In Italian). ''Grand Hotel'', 14 July 1962</ref> In Mey 1962, she performit in [[Buenos Aires]]. Meanwhile, her version o the [[Mambo (muisic)|mambo]] rhythm "[[Moliendo Café|Moliendo Cafe]]" an the [[surf pop]] "Renato" peakit at #1 an #4 respectively on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/> "L'eclisse twist" appeared on the flipside o "Renato", an wis uised on the soondtrack o [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]'s featur film ''[[Eclipse (1962 film)|Eclipse]]''. In 1963 Mina's TV an radio career wis interruptit bi [[RAI]], the Italian public broadcastin service, as she refused tae kiver up her relationship (an resultin pregnancy) wi the marriet actor [[:it:Corrado Pani|Corrado Pani]]. Mina's record sales wur unaffectit an due tae public demand, RAI endit the ban. On 10 Januar 1964 she returned tae the TV screen on the program ''La fiera dei sogni'', an performit the sang "Città vuota", a kiver o [[Gene McDaniels]]' "It's a Lonely Town (Lonely Without You)", which wis her first release on the RiFi label.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 La fiera dei sogni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506094726/http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 |date=2007-05-06 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 22 February 2008</ref><ref name=decoder>{{cite web|url=http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|title=Mina|publisher=Il decoder|date=25 March 2010|access-date=23 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413182246/http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> Her next single, "È l'uomo per me", a kiver o [[Jody Miller]]'s "He Walks Like a Man", became the biggest sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref name=singles/> Her new melodic manner<ref name="Mina nuova maniera">[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 Mina nuova maniera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031180311/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 |date=2006-10-31 }} Bella journal, 29 March 1964. In Italian</ref> wis demonstratit again on 11 Dizember 1964 TV program ''Il macchiettario'', whaur she performit "Io sono quel che sono" ("I Am What I Am"). A reminder o her previous adolescent image, her single "Suna ni kieta namida" ("Tears Disappear in the Sand"), sung in Japanese, peakit at #1 on the Japanese singles chairt an earned Mina the title o Best Internaitional Airtist in Japan.<ref name = fratarcangeli>F. Fratarcangeli, "Mina talk", Coniglio, 2005, p.87. In Italian</ref> The first episode o the ''Studio Uno'' live Seturday nicht series showcased Mina's new blond leuk wi shavit eyebrous.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 Studio Uno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094906/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The shows includit the bruidin sangs "Un bacio è troppo poco" ("One Kiss is Not Enough") an "Un anno d'amore" ("A Year of Love"),<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/a/anno_damore.htm Un anno d'amore] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> a kiver o [[Nino Ferrer]]'s "C'est irreparable".<ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/artist/21871 Artist: Nino Ferrer]. Secondhandsongs.com. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> In the same series she performit "Brava" ("Good"), a rhythmic jazz nummer specially written bi Bruno Canfora tae demonstrate the Mina's vocal range an performin skills.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her ''[[Studio Uno]]'' album toppit the Italian chairt that year. Her recordins o 1965 includit the [[scat singin|scattin]] performance o "Spirale Waltz", the theme sang for the film ''[[The 10th Victim]]''. ===Unthirldom (1966–1968)=== [[Maurizio Costanzo]] an Ghigo De Chiara wrote the leerics o "Se telefonando" ("If Over the Phone") as the theme for the TV program ''[[:it:Aria Condizionata|Aria condizionata]]'' in spring 1966.<ref name=telefonando>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_telefonando.htm|title=Se telefonando|publisher= Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> The leerics war componit in a daurk, [[Hal David]] mode.<ref name=cool/> The [[serialism|serialist]] componer [[Ennio Morricone]]<ref name=sibelius/> wis askit tae compone the muisic. Mina an the three sangwriters met in a RAI rehearsal room at Via Teulada, Roum. Morricone stairtit tae repeat a short muisical theme o juist three notes (bi his term a ''micro-cell'')<ref name=sibelius>[http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 Morricone, Ennio. Classical Music Library Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023917/http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 |date=2007-09-28 }} SibeliusMusic site. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> on an upricht [[piano]]. He haed copiet the snippet o melody frae the siren o a polis caur in [[Marseilles]]. Efter a few bars Mina grabbit the leerics sheet an stairtit tae sing as if she haed kent the tune afore. Componit in this wey, "Se telefonando" is a pop sang wi aicht transitions o [[tonality]] that builds tension throuoot the chorus.<ref name=callas/><ref name=telefonando /> Morricone's arrangement featurt a sophisticatit combination o melodic trumpet lines, [[Hal Blaine]]-style drummin, a string set, a 1960s [[Europop]] female choir, an intense subsonic-soondin trombones.<ref name=cool/> "Se telefonando" wis presentit in Mey 1966 in a ''Studio Uno'' episode an in August the same year at ''Aria condizionata''. The single peakit at #7 on the Italian chairt an wis 53rd in the annual leet o sales. The album ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' featurt the sang as ane o the staundoot tracks alang wi "Ta-ra-ta-ta" an "Una casa in cima al mondo". It wis the fift biggest sellin album o the year in Italy.<ref name=album>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it|title= Top annuali album|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|language=Italian|accessdate=30 July 2010}}</ref> In 1966, Mina stairtit wirkin wi the [[Radiotelevisione Svizzera di lingua Italiana|Swiss Broadcasting Service]] an the Orchestra Radiosa in Lugano. She foondit the [[independent record label]] [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]] in collaboration wi her faither. The first record issued unner the label wis ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (Dedicated to My Father). Mina's growin interest in Brazilian muisic resultit in "[[:it:La banda/Se c'è una cosa che mi fa impazzire|La banda]]" ("The Band"), a [[Chico Buarque]] sang, which reached #3 in Italy. Mina continued tae perform on Italian TV, an presentit "Zum zum zum" on the ware 1967 variety series ''Sabato sera'', accompaniet bi the [[NATO]] naval baund. The series includit "La coppia più bella del mondo" ("The Most Beautiful Couple in the World") an aw, a duet wi [[Adriano Celentano]]. The title o the sang "Sono, come tu mi vuoi" ("I Am, as You Want Me to Be") wis taken frae [[Luigi Pirandello]]'s play ''[[:it:Come tu mi vuoi|Come tu mi vuoi]]''. The leerics talk aboot the manic attention o the press on an airtist's private life.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/sono_come_tu_mi_vuoi.htm Sono come tu mi vuoi] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither hit frae ''Sabato sera'' wis "[[L'immensità]]" ("Immensity"), which wis re-scored bi [[:it:Augusto Martelli|Augusto Martelli]] an released as "La inmensidad" in Spain an Laitin American kintras.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/i/immensita.htm L'immensità]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> RAI broadcast the third episode o ''[[:it:Senza rete|Senza rete]]'' ("Unplugged") live on 18 Julie 1968 frae the Auditorio A o the corporation's regional heidquairters in [[Naples]].<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 Senza rete] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094847/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com site. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The program presentit Mina's homage tae [[Luigi Tenco]], who haed recently dee'd. She turned his sang "Se stasera sono qui" ("Should I Stay Here Tonight") intae a rigorous piece o [[soul muisic]]<ref name="Se stasera sono qui">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_stasera_sono_qui.htm Se stasera sono qui] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref> in the score o [[Pino Calvi]]. She celebratit the 10t anniversary o her career wi a concert at La Bussola, backit bi the Orchestra Augusto Martelli.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Mina-Mina-Alla-Bussola-Dal-Vivo/release/1353630 Mina Alla Bussola Dal Vivo] discogs. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The concert wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]''.<ref>[http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm Mina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623021519/http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}. Archivo RAI Uno site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ''[[:it:Canzonissima 1968|Canzonissima 1968]]'' wis a Seturday nicht [[prime time]] [[variety show]] that aired on [[Rai Uno]] frae September 1968 tae Januar 1969. It wis hostit bi Mina, [[Walter Chiari]] an [[Paolo Panelli]].<ref name="Zum zum zum">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/zumzum/zumzum.htm Zum zum zum] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> The orchestrations wur scored bi the conductors Bruno Canfora an Augusto Martelli. "Sacumdì Sacumdà", Mina's talkin an laughin version o Carlos Imperial's [[bossa nova]] "Nem Vem Que Não Tem", narraely escapit a ban bi RAI acause o its irreverent leerics. The sang wis performit as pairt o a muisical fantasy, back tae back wi "Quelli che hanno un cuore", her intense version o "[[:en:Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)|Anyone Who Had a Heart]]".<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch681220.htm Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither interpretation o a [[Dionne Warwick]] sang wis "La voce del silenzio" ("Silent Voices") bi Paolo Limiti an Elio Isola, presentit in a live session durin the show.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> "Niente di niente" ("Nothing at All") wis her version o [[the Delfonics]]' "Break Your Promise". The series includit the sangs "Fantasia", "La musica è finita" ("The Music is Over") an the elegant "Un colpo al cuore" ("Heart Attack") an aw. "Un colpo al cuore" endit up as #68 on the best-sellin singles chairt for that year in Italy.<ref name="annual1968">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|title=I singoli più venduti del 1968 (Biggest-selling singles of 1968)|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192124/http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each show wis closed bi Mina singin "Vorrei che fosse amore" ("Wish It Was Love"), a piece o atmospheric muisic bi [[Bruno Canfora]] that wis #50 on the best-sellin singles chairt for 1968 in Italy.<ref name=annual1968/> A selection o sangs frae the series wur issued as the album ''[[Canzonissima '68]]''.<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968"/> ===Mogol-Battisti (1969–1973)=== Efter a break o three month, Mina returned an recordit the sang "Non credere" ("Disbelieve"), componit bi Luigi Clausetti an Pietro Soffici, wi leerics bi [[Mogol (leericist)|Mogol]], in Apryle.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 A che gioco giochiamo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094919/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The single became the third biggest-sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1969.htm I singoli più venduti del 1969]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mogol an his fellae componer [[Lucio Battisti]], alang wi the [[Premiata Forneria Marconi]] on back-up instrumentals, wirkit wi Mina on several sangs as a result o the success o "Non credere". The team producit a set o sangs includin "[[:it:Io e te da soli / Credi|Io e te da soli]]" ("You and Me Alone"), "Insieme" ("Together"), "Amor mio" ("Love of Mine"), "Io vivrò senza te" ("I'll Live without You"),<ref name=decoder/><ref name=frieze>{{cite journal|url= http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|title= Jaki Irvine|journal= [[Frieze magazine|frieze]]|volume= 56|year= 2001|access-date= 2013-08-27|archive-date= 2015-09-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043149/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|url-status= dead}}</ref> "[[:it:E penso a te (Lucio Battisti)|E penso a te]]" ("And I Think of You"). Ane o the first introductions o the new repertoire wis the ''Senza rete'' live televisit concert frae the Auditorio A in Naples on 20 Januar 1970. The material providit bi Mogol-Battisti wis the core for five albums. Amang thaim, ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' wis Mina's first unthirlt album tae reach #1 o the weekly Italian chairts an wis the biggest sellin album o 1969 in Italy. [[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|''...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...'']] wis seivent on the annual record chairt o 1970. ''[[Del mio meglio]]...'' (''My Best...'') wis seicont in 1971. ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' wis the biggest seller o 1972. The latter twa albums wur recordit durin a break frae live performances tae gie birth tae her dochter [[:it:Benedetta Mazzini|Benedetta]]. Mina's comeback teuk place at RAI's variety series ''Teatro 10'' in ware 1972. Ane o the heichlichts o the series wis a selection o Battisti's sangs performit in duet wi the composer. The shows includit "Balada para mi muerte" ("Ode to My Death") an aw, a [[nuevo tango]] duet wi [[Ástor Piazzolla]] at the [[bandoneón]], backit bi the Argentine group [[Conjunto 9]]. "[[Grande grande grande]]", arrangit bi [[Pino Presti]],<ref>''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' by Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998)</ref> wis the seicont biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy. The successes encouragit Enrico Riccardi tae copy Battisti's style in Riccardi's composition "Fiume azzurro", which earned anither place in the tap 100 o annual record sales in Italy.<ref name=azzurro>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/f/fiume_azzurro.htm Fiume azzurro] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The feenal nummer o the aicht ''Teatro 10'' episodes wis "[[Parole parole]]" ("Words Words"), a duet wi [[Alberto Lupo]]. The sang is an [[easy listenin]] dialogue atween Mina's singin an Lupo's declamation. The leerics' theme are hollae wirds. Thir intertwine the lady's lamentation o the end o luve an the lees she haes tae hear wi the male protagonist's [[recitation]]. In the dialog she scoffs at the compliments he gies her, cawin thaim ''parole'' – juist wirds. The single wis released in Apryle 1972 an toppit the Italian chairts. It wis covered bi numerous Italian an French duets.<ref name=parole>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/p/parole_parole.htm Parole parole] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina said she wad be reteerin frae public appearances efter an exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September. Thoosans o fowk turned up at the nichtclub's doorstep.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 Mina e l'orchestra live '72] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507213141/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 |date=2007-05-07 }} Lele Cerri. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch721001.htm Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref><ref name="La Bussola">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/storie/luoghi/bussola/bussola.htm La Bussola] Galleriadellacanzone.it. In Italian. Retrieved 1 September 2007</ref> [[Gianni Ferrio]]'s Orchestra featurt Gianni Basso on tenor saxophone an Oscar Valdambrini on trumpet.<ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972"/> Mina lost her husband Virgilio Crocco in a caur accident in 1973. She continued her career wi the tap Italian chairt hits "E poi..." ("And Then...") an "L'importante è finire" ("It's Important to Finish"). She recordit the theme sang "Fa presto, fa piano" ("Works Quickly, Works Quietly") for the film ''[[:it:La sculacciata|La sculacciata]]'', issued in 1974. ===Syne 1974=== Mina's last live TV appearance wis the feenal episode o the ''Milleluci'' series on 16 Mairch 1974. Mina wis the hostess o the series alangside [[Raffaella Carrà]]. Durin the series, she splored different muisical styles in the sangs "[[I Don't Know How to Love Him]]", "[[Mack the Knife]]", "[[Night and Day (sang)|Night and Day]]", and "[[Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)]]". Efter "Non gioco più" ("The Game Is Over"), a blues duet wi the [[harmonica]] player [[Toots Thielemans]], Mina annooncit her athdrawal frae public performances.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/n/non_gioco_piu.htm Non gioco piu] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. 25 May 2010</ref> Her last appearance on TV wis her performance o "Ancora ancora ancora". The video wis the feenal nummer o the "Mille e una luce" show on 1 Julie 1978.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni70/schede/ancora/ancora.htm Ancora ancora ancora] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 28 June 2007</ref> Her last concert appearances, a series o thirteen fully beukit concerts at La Bussola in 1978, wur cut short due tae her illness. Mina gae her last public performance on 23 August 1978 at the Bussoladomani theatre backit bi the Orchestra Pino Presti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |title=Sorrisi e Canzoni TV - Mina live! 23 agosto 1978 |publisher=Archivio.sorrisi.com |date=25 August 2003 |accessdate=5 April 2012 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328095541/http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina Live '78]]''.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora"/> Mina continued tae release albums on a yearly basis wi her son [[:it:Massimiliano Pani|Massimiliano Pani]] as the producer. Atween 1972 an 1995, she publisht a dooble album each year. Frae 1973, her LPs an CDs hae been characterisit bi airtistic motifs o the designers Luciano Tallarini, Gianni Ronco an the photographer Mauro Balletti. Frae the mid-1980s, the design o the album covers wis trustit tae Balletti alane. Aw o Mina's records unner the PDU label hae reached the Italian Tap 100. A lairge pairt o her wirk haes consistit o coverin well-kent sangs; she haes dedicatit tribute albums tae [[The Beatles]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Renato Zero]], [[Domenico Modugno]], the [[Napoli (album)|Neapolitan sang]], an [[releegious muisic]]. Efter leavin the stage, her greatest chairt successes hae been duets. In 1985, "Questione di feeling", a duet wi [[Riccardo Cocciante]], wis the 13t biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy an became an ivergreen (as a hit song is cried in Europe). The duet album ''[[Mina Celentano]]'', recordit wi [[Adriano Celentano]], wis the biggest-sellin album o 1998 in Italy. Stairtin in 1989, aw o her records includit the jazzy piano playin o [[Danilo Rea]]. The break in Mina's TV appearances lastit till 2001, when she released fuitage o her recordin sessions. The videos wur broadcastit ower the [[WIND (Italy)|Wind]] internet steid on 30 Mairch. This resultit in millions o visits tae the steid on that nicht, an addeetional millions on follaein days. The fuitage wis released as the DVD ''Mina in Studio''. Efter the event, Mina's singles stairtit tae chairt in Italy again. The track "Succhiando l'uva" (2002), written for her bi [[Zucchero]], peakit at #3 on the chairt. Mina's kiver o "Don't call me baby [[Can't Take My Eyes Off You|(Can't take my eyes off you)]]" (2003) reached #4 in Italy. The single "Alibi" (2007) reached #6 in Italy. The triple CD ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' reached #1 on the Italian chairts. Sae did ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999), ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002), ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) and ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]''. Mina's later releases hae includit duets wi [[Mick Hucknall]], [[Fabrizio De André]], [[Piero Pelù]], [[Adriano Celentano]], [[Lucio Dalla]], [[Joan Manuel Serrat]], [[Chico Buarque]], [[Tiziano Ferro]], [[Giorgia Todrani|Giorgia]] an [[Seal (sangster)|Seal]]. In recent years, Mina haes been writin a weekly column on the front page o ''[[La Stampa]]'' an a page in the Italian edeetion o the magazine ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', whaur she answers fan letters.<ref name=wong/> ==Discografie== {{Main 2|Mina discografie|Leet o Mina sangs}} {{MultiCol}} * ''[[Tintarella di luna]]'' (1960) * ''[[Il cielo in una stanza]]'' (1960) * ''[[Due note]]'' (1961) * ''[[Moliendo café]]'' (1962) * ''[[Renato (album)|Renato]]'' (1962) * ''[[Stessa spiaggia, stesso mare]]'' (1963) * ''[[20 successi di Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina (1964 album)|Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina Nº 7]]'' (1964) * ''[[Studio Uno]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina interpretata da Mina]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina & Gaber: un'ora con loro]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina canta Napoli]]'' (1966) * ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' (1966) * ''[[Mina 2]]'' (1966) * ''[[Sabato sera - Studio Uno '67]]'' (1967) * ''[[4 anni di successi]]'' (1967) * ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (1967) * ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]'' (1968) * ''[[Le più belle canzoni italiane interpretate da Mina]]'' (1968) * ''[[Canzonissima '68]]'' (1968) * ''[[I discorsi]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina for You]]'' (1969) * ''[[Incontro con Mina]]'' (1969) * ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina canta o Brasil]]'' (1970) * ''[[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...]]'' (1970) * ''[[Del mio meglio]]'' (1971) * ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' (1971) * ''[[Cinquemilaquarantatre]]'' (1972) * ''[[Dalla Bussola]]'' (1972) * ''[[Altro (album)|Altro]]'' (1972) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 2]]'' (1973) * ''[[Frutta e verdura]]'' (1973) * ''[[Amanti di valore]]'' (1973) * ''evergreens'' (1974) * ''[[Mina®]]'' (1974) * ''[[Baby Gate (album)|Baby Gate]]'' (1974) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 3]]'' (1975) * ''[[La Mina]]'' (1975) * ''[[Minacantalucio]]'' (1975) * ''[[Singolare]]'' (1976) * ''[[Plurale]]'' (1976) * ''Del mio meglio n. 4'' (1977) * ''Mina quasi Jannacci'' (1977) * ''Mina con Bignè'' (1977) * ''di tanto in tanto'' (1978) * ''[[Mina Live '78]]'' (1978) * ''Del mio meglio n. 5'' (1979) * ''[[Attila (album)|Attila]]'' (1979) * ''[[Kyrie (album)|Kyrie]]'' (1980) * ''Del mio meglio n. 6 Live'' (1981) * ''Salomè'' (1981) * ''Italiana'' (1982) * ''Del mio meglio n. 7'' (1983) * ''Mina 25'' (1983) {{ColBreak}} * ''[[Catene (album)|Catene]]'' (1984) * ''Del mio meglio n. 8'' (1985) * ''Finalmente ho conosciuto il conte Dracula...'' (1985) * ''[[Si, buana]]'' (1986) * ''Del mio meglio n. 9'' (1987) * ''[[Rane supreme]]'' (1987) * ''[[Oggi ti amo di più]]'' (1988) * ''[[Ridi pagliaccio vol. 1-2|Ridi pagliaccio]]'' (1988) * ''Uiallalla'' (1989) * ''Ti conosco mascherina'' (1990) * ''[[Caterpillar (Mina album)|Caterpillar]]'' (1991) * ''Sorelle Lumière'' (1992) * ''Mina canta i Beatles'' (1993) * ''[[Lochness vol. 1-2|Lochness]]'' (1993) * ''Mazzini canta Battisti'' (1994) * ''[[Canarino mannaro]]'' (1994) * ''Pappa di latte'' (1995) * ''Canzoni d'autore'' (1996) * ''[[Cremona (album)|Cremona]]'' (1996) * ''[[Napoli (album)|Napoli]]'' (1996) * ''Minantologia'' (1997) * ''[[Leggera]]'' (1997) * ''Mina Gold'' (1998) * ''Mina Sanremo'' (1998) * ''[[Mina Celentano]]'' (1998) * ''Mina Studio Collection'' (1998) * ''Mina Gold 2'' (1999) * ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999) * ''[[Mina n° 0]]'' (1999) * ''Mina per Wind'' (2000) * ''Mina Love Collection'' (2000) * ''[[Dalla terra]]'' (2000) * ''Colección latina'' (2001) * ''[[Sconcerto]]'' (2001) * ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002) * ''In duo'' (2003) * ''[[Napoli secondo estratto]]'' (2003) * ''Napoli primo, secondo e terzo estratto'' (2003) * ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' (2004) * ''Una Mina d'amore'' (2004) * ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) * ''[[L'allieva]]'' (2005) * ''Platinum Collection 2'' (2006) * ''Ti amo...'' (2006) * ''[[Bau (album)|Bau]]'' (2006) * ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]'' (2007) * ''Sulla tua bocca lo dirò'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina straniera'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina con archi'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - La calma'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Per quando ti amo'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina Cover'' (2009) * ''[[Facile]]'' (2009) * ''Caramella'' (2010) * ''Piccola streenna'' (2010) * ''Piccolino'' (2011) * ''12 (American song book)'' (2012) {{EndMultiCol}} ==Filmografie== * ''Juke box - Urli d'amore'' (1959) * ''Teddy Boys della canzone'' (1960) * ''Urlatori alla sbarra'' (1960) * ''Madri pericolose'' (1960) * ''Io bacio... tu baci'' (1961) * ''Mina... fuori la guardia'' (1961) * ''Das haben die Mädchen gern'' (1962) * ''Appuntamento in Riviera'' (1962) * ''Silvester Show'' (1964) * ''Per amore... per magia...'' (1967) ===DVD=== Mina signed a contract wi the [[Barilla Group|Barilla]] fuid label in 1965 an starred in ten pasta commercials bi 1971, directit bi [[Piero Gherardi]] an [[Valerio Zurlini]] amang ithers. In 2005, Mina's performances in ads for Barilla wur publisht on VHS an DVD as ''Nei caroselli Barilla''. The exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September 1972 wis released bi the PDU record company as ''Mina alla Bussola Live '72''. Recordit bi Polivideo TV company, the event wis aired on [[Sky Italia]] as a series frae 1 tae 21 Januar 1973. ==Bibliografie== * ''Mina, come sono'' bi Gianni Pettenati (Virgilio 1980) * ''Mina, la voce'' bi Mario Guarino (Forte 1983) * ''Unicamente Mina'' bi Flavio Merkel and Paolo Belluso (Gammalibri 1983) * ''La leggendaria Mina'' (PDU Italiana Edizioni Musicali S.r.l./Curci 1983) * ''Mina. Storia di un mito raccontato'' bi Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986) * ''Mina nelle fotografie di Mauro Balletti'' (Campanotto 1990) * ''Mina - Le immagini e la storia di un mito'' (Eden 1992) * ''Mina - Mito e mistero'' bi Nino Romano (Sperling & Kupfer 1996) * ''Mina - I miti'' bi Antonella Giola, Daniela Teruzzi & Gherardo Gentili (Arnoldo Mondadori 1997) * ''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' bi Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998) * ''Divina Mina'' bi Dora Giannetti (Zelig 1998) * ''Mina'' bi Roberta Maresci (Gremese 1998) * ''Mina - Una forza incantatrice'' bi Franco Fabbri & Luigi Pestalozza (eds. Euresis 1998) * ''Mina - La sua vita, i suoi successi'' bi Gianni Lucini (Sonzogno 1999) * ''Mina, il mito'' (Tempo Libro 1999) * ''Studio Mina'' bi Flaviano De Luca (ed. Elle U Multimedia 1999) * ''Mina disegnata fotografata'' -Authors' copyright- 2001 * ''Mina: Gli anni Italdisc 1959–1964'' bi Marco Castiglioni, Fulvio Fiore, Maurizio Maiotti, Stefania Fiore, Barbara Alari an Maurizio Maiotti (Satisfaction 2001) * ''Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme'' bi Marcello Bufacchi (Riuniti 2005) * ''Mina talk. Vent'anni di interviste. 1959–1979'' bi Fernando Fratarcangeli (Coniglio 2005) * ''Mina... il fascino della tigre'' bi Ghea Irene (Lo Vecchio 2006) ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{IMDb name|0590869|Mina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mina}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:Italian female sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters]] [[Category:German-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Japanese-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Busto Arsizio]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cremona]] [[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]] oxe04japelskkyfmmzt1jt12y7y28hk 919093 919091 2026-07-09T23:32:12Z Atlantic306 30244 Moneyhouse is a finance business and nothing to do with verification of her name so it seems to be a spam link unless I am mistaken Undae revision [[Special:Diff/919091|919091]] bi [[Special:Contributions/IvanScrooge98|IvanScrooge98]] ([[User talk:IvanScrooge98|Tauk]]) 919093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Mina | image = Mina Epoca 1972.jpg | caption = Mina in 1972 | image_size = | alias = Baby Gate, Mina Mazzini | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Anna Maria Mazzini<ref name=sanremo/><ref name=repubblica>{{cite news|newspaper=[[la Repubblica]]|url=http://www.repubblica.it/2006/c/sezioni/persone/minasposa/minasposa/minasposa.html|language=it|title=Mina si è sposata a Lugano la cerimonia il 10 gennaio|trans-title=Mina got married in a ceremony in Lugano on 10 January|date=1 March 2006}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|03|25|df=yes}} | birth_place =[[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]], Italy | death_date = | death_place = | origin = [[Cremona]], Lombardy, Italy | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]], [[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[Italian popular muisic|Musica Leggera]],<br> [[Blues]], [[Jazz]], [[Europop|Euro-Pop]],<br> [[Rhythm an Blues]], [[Canzone Napoletana]],<br> [[Bossa nova]], [[Dance muisic|Dance]] | occupation = Sangster | years_active = 1958–present | label = [[:it:Italdisc|Italdisc]], [[:it:Ri-Fi|Ri-Fi]], [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]], [[EMI]] | associated_acts = [[Lucio Battisti]], [[Bruno Canfora]], [[Adriano Celentano]],<br> [[Gianni Ferrio]], [[Giorgio Gaber]], Augusto Martelli,<br> [[Pino Presti]] | website = [http://www.minamazzini.com/ www.minamazzini.com] }} '''Mina Anna Maria Mazzini''',<ref name="quirinale.it">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605193707/https://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/ex-presidenti/Ciampi/dinamico/comunicato.asp?id=15010 Communication of President of the Italian Republic] 1 June 2001. In Italian</ref> <small>[[OMRI]]</small> (born 25 Mairch 1940), kent professionally as '''Mina''', is ane o the maist successfu Italian sangsters o aw time. She wis a staple o Italian telly variety shaws<ref name=carrera>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1hVfHLOGAxwC&pg=PA325&dq=Folk+music+and+popular+song+from+the+nineteenth+century+to+the+1990s&ei=ZcusS9e1Hqq2zQSnrKwe&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Folk%20music%20and%20popular%20song%20from%20the%20nineteenth%20century%20to%20the%201990s&f=false|first=Alessandro|last= Carrera|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|editor=Zygmunt Guido Baranski, Rebecca J. West|title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture| chapter=Folk music and popular song from the nineteenth century to the 1990s|pages=325–336|year=2001}}</ref> an a dominant figur in Italian pop muisic frae the mid-1960s tae mid-1970s,<ref name=biography/> kent fur her three-octave [[vocal reenge]],<ref name=callas>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|author=Rina Gagliardi|title=Mina, una stella come la Callas|language=it|publisher=Confederazione Democratica Lavoratori Sammarinesi|date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719060122/http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> the agility o her [[soprano]] vyce,<ref name=callas/> an her image as an [[Feminism|emancipatit wumman]].<ref name=feminista>{{cite news|title=Mina, la prima femminista (anche se non lo sapeva)|trans-title=Mina, the first feminist (although she didn't know that)|language=it|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|author=Maria Luisa Agnese|page=36|date=26 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917000859/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> In performance, Mina combined seevral modren styles wi tradeetional Italian melodies an [[swing muisic]], that makkit her the maist versatile pop sangster in [[Muisic o Italy|Italian muisic]].<ref name=carrera/> Mina dominatit the Italian chairts fur fifteen years an reached an unsurpassed level o popularity in Italy.<ref name=biography/> She haes scored [[Mina discografie|77 album an 71 single]] on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/><ref name=album/> Mina's TV appearances in 1959 wur the furst fur a female [[rock an roll]] sangster in Italy. Her loud syncopatit singin earned her the elk-name ''Queen o Screamers''.<ref name=cool>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501210836/http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|url=http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|title=Sounds: New Digs. Catalog of Cool|archive-date=1 May 2008 }}</ref> The public labeled her the ''Teeger o [[Cremona]]'' fur her wild gestures an bouk shaks an aw. Whan she turned tae licht [[tradeetional pop muisic|pop tunes]], Mina's chairt-toppers in [[Wast Germany]] in 1962 an [[Japan]] in 1964 earned her the title o the best internaitional airtist in thir kintras.<ref name=german>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|title=Chartverfolgung / Mina / Single|publisher=Music Line|language=de|access-date=5 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215050/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=germania/><ref name = fratarcangeli/> Mina's mair refined sensual manner wis introducit in 1960 wi [[Gino Paoli]]'s ballad "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|This World We Love In]]", that chairtit on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 1961. Mina wis banned frae Italian TV an radio in 1963 acause her pregnancy an relationship wi a marriet actor did no accord wi the dominant [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] an [[bourgeois]] [[morals]].<ref name=ninoromano>Mina. Storia di un mito by Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986)</ref> Efter the ban, the Italian braidcastin service [[RAI]] tree'd tae continue tae prohibit her sangs, that wis fortricht in dealin wi subjecks sic as releegion, smokin an sex.<ref name=ninoromano/> Mina's [[Ceul (aesthetic)|ceul]] ack combined [[sex appeal]] wi public [[:en:Smoking in Italy|smokin]], [[hair colorin|dyed]] blond hair, an shavit [[eyebrous]] tae creaut a "bad girl" image.<ref name = cool/> Mina's vyce haes distinctive [[timbre]] an great pouer.<ref name=canzone>[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/coriandoli/coriandoli.htm Coriandoli]. Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name=tintarella>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/t/tintarella_di_luna.htm Tintarella di Luna] Hit Parade Italia</ref> Her main themes are anguisht luve stories performit in heich dramatic tones. The sangster combined clessic Italian pop wi elements o [[blues]], [[R&B]] an [[soul muisic]] durin the late 1960s,<ref name="Se stasera sono qui"/> inspecially whan she wirkit in collaboration wi componer [[Lucio Battisti]]. Tap Italian sangwriters creatit material wi lairge vocal ranges an unuisual [[chord progression]]s tae shawcase her singin skeels, pairticulairly "Brava" bi [[Bruno Canfora]] (1965) an the pseudo-[[serialism|serial]] "Se telefonando" bi [[Ennio Morricone]] (1966). The latter sang wis kivered bi seevral performers abraid. [[Shirley Bassey]] carriet Mina's ballad "[[Grande grande grande]]" tae chairts in the U.S., U.K., an ither Inglis-speakin kintras in 1973. Mina's [[easy listenin]] duet "[[Parole parole]]" wis turned intae a warldwide hit bi [[Dalida]] an [[Alain Delon]] in 1974. Mina gae up public appearances in 1978 an haes continued tae lowse popular albums on a yearly basis tae the present day. ==Life an career== ===Early life=== Anna Maria Mazzini<ref name=sanremo>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&oi=fnd&pg=IA1&dq=mina+sanremo&ots=1KVt7RbIYV&sig=wxITaWHy4YImDGiKB-3mTv_9h3o|author= Marcello Giannotti|year=2001|title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo (Encyclopedia of Sanremo)|language=Italian|publisher=Gremese|location= Rome, Italy}}</ref><ref name=svizzera>{{cite news|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1989/11/07/da-ieri-mina-diventata-cittadina-svizzera.html|newspaper=[[la Repubblica]]|title=Da ieri Mina e' diventata cittadina svizzera (Yesterday Mina acquired Swiss citizenship)|language=it|date=7 November 1989}}</ref> wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]].<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> The faimily muivit tae wirk in [[Cremona]] in her bairnheid. She listened tae American rock an roll an jazz records an wis a frequent visitor at the Santa Tecla an the Taverna Messicana clubs o [[Milan]], baith kent for promotin rock an roll.<ref name=toscana>{{cite web|url=http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055544/http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|title= Senti questa chitarra... Gli Anni '60|publisher=Toscana musiche|access-date=25 May 2010|language=it}}</ref> Efter feenishing heich schuil in 1958, she attendit college whaur she majored in accoontin.<ref name="Mina. Biografia">[http://www.musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm Mina. Biografia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630063619/http://musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm |date=2017-06-30 }}. Musicalstore.it site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ===Queen o Screamers (1958–1961)=== While on simmer holiday in [[Versilia]] on 8 August 1958, Mazzini gae an improvisit performance o the sang "Un'anima tra le mani" to amuis her faimily efter a concert at the [[:it:Bussola Versilia|La Bussola]] nicht club.<ref name=biography>{{cite web|url=http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|title=Biography of Mina|accessdate=25 May 2010|publisher=Rai International Online|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000428/http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wong>{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Theresa|title=Here's Mina for you|url=http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|publisher=Art Practical|date=11 April 2010|access-date=30 July 2010|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062915/http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Durin the follaein nichts, Sergio Bernardini, the awner o the club, held her back in her attempts tae get back on stage.<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12">P.Belluso-F.Merkel, Unicamente Mina, Gammalibri 1983, p.12</ref> In September, she stairtit her solo career wi the backin o the baund Happy Boys.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her concert in September 1958, afore an audience o 2,500 fowk at the Theatre o [[Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti|Rivarolo del Re]], wan enthusiastic approval frae local creetics.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 Rivarolo del Re, 24 settembre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031143955/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 |date=2006-10-31 }} La Provincia newspaper, 24 September. In Italian. Retrieved 3 July 2007</ref> She suin signed wi Davide Matalon, awner o the smaw record company Italdisc. Her first single, "Non partir"/"Malatia", wis producit unner the stage name Mina for the Italian audience. Simultaneously, "[[Be Bop A Lula]]"/"When" wis issued unner the name ''Baby Gate'' for the internaitional audience. ''Baby'' wis chosen as a contrast tae her 178&nbsp;cm hicht (5&nbsp;ft 10 in) — exceptionally taw for an Italian wumman — an ''Gate'' as a tribute tae [[The Golden Gate Quartet]].<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12"/><ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/finti.htm Guai ai finiti]. Maurizio Targa. Hit Parade Italia</ref> In Dizember, her performance at the [[:it:Sei giorni della canzone|Sei giorni della canzone festival]] o [[Milan]] wis describit bi the ''[[:it:La Notte|La Notte]]'' newspaper as the "birth o a starn".<ref>Guido Gerosa [http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 Nascono le stelle a Porta Garibaldi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031173332/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 |date=2006-10-31 }} [Birth of a star at Porta Garibaldi]. La Notte. 2 December 1958. In Italian</ref> It wis Mina's last performance wi the Happy Boys, as her faimily refused tae let her skip college for a scheduled tour o Turkey. Less nor a month efter the breakup wi her previous baund, Mina co-foondit a new group cried Solitari, which consistit o a sangster, a saxophonist, a pianist, a contrabassist, an a guitarist. Her first hit wi the baund featurt Mina performit an extra-loud, syncopatit version o the popular [[swing muisic|swing]] sang "Nessuno" ("Nobody"), which she performit at the first rock festival in the Milan Ice Palace in Februar 1959.<ref>Marcello Bufacchi, Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme, Riuniti 2005, p.13. In Italian</ref><ref>T.Crotti, G.Bassi, "Mina prima di Mina", Rizzoli Editore, 2007, p.64. In Italian</ref><ref name="Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni50/schede/nessuno/tv.htm Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina]. Galleria della canzone site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> Performances o the sang on the TV [[gemme show]]s ''[[Lascia o raddoppia?]]'' an ''Il musichiere'' on 1 Mairch an 4 Apryle wur hailed bi Italian creetics. The starlet signed wi Elio Gigante, an experiencit airtist manager. In the follaein years, he organisit her performances in the grand ballrooms o Italy.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her first Italian #1 hit wis the up-tempo "Tintarella di luna" ("Moon Tan") in September 1959, which wis performit in her first ''[[musicarello]]'' (muisical comedy film), ''Juke box - Urli d'amore''. In late 1959, Matalon haed her drop the name Baby Gate in favour o Mina. ===Growin up (1960–1965)=== The next year, when Mina teuk pairt in the [[Sanremo Muisic Festival|Festival della canzone italiana]] in [[Sanremo]] wi twa sangs, she turned tae slow emotional luve sangs for the first time. The sang "È vero" ("It's True") reached #8 on the Italian chairts.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1960.htm Sanremo 1960 (10a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> [[Gino Paoli]]'s sang "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|Il cielo in una stanza]]" ("The Sky in a Room") markit the beginnin o the young sangster's transformation frae a rock an roll shrieker tae a feminine inspiration for [[cantautori]].<ref name="Il cielo in una stanza">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/c/cielo_in_una_stanza.htm Il cielo in una stanza]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The idea for the sang "Luve can grow at ony moment at ony place" haed come tae Paoli while lyin on a bed an leukin at the purpie ceilin.<ref>[http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm Paolo Grugni. Canzoni sempreverdi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002005/http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Madrepennuta.it. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The single toppit the leet o annual sales in Italy<ref name=singles>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it| title=Top Annuali Singles| publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> an reached the Billboard Hot 100<ref name=cool/> as "This World We Love In". Video performances o the sang wur includit in the muisicarellos ''Io bacio... tu baci'' an ''Appuntamento a Ischia'', an in 1990, in the [[:en:Goodfellas (soundtrack)|soondtrack]] o the film ''Goodfellas''. At the 1961 Sanremo sang festival, Mina performit twa sangs. "Io amo, tu ami" ("A Luve, You Luve") feenisht fowert an "Le mille bolle blu" ("A Thoosan Blue Bubbles") placit fift.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1961.htm Sanremo 1961 (11a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Disappointit wi thir results, Mina declared her intention o niver performin at the Sanremo sang festival again. As her sangs an movies wur awready popular abroad, Mina stairtit tae tour Spain an Japan,<ref>"Banzai Mina! Bentornata Mina!". Musica E Dischi. 25 June 1961. In Italian</ref> and performed on Venezuelan TV in 1961.<ref>"Mina ha stregato il Venezuela". ''Gente'' 25 August 1961In Italian.</ref> Mina performit on Spainyie TV an at the [[Paris Olympia]] haw at the beginnin o 1962.<ref>"Mina ha conquistato dal vivo gli spagnoli" (In Italian). ''Oggi'' 1 February 1962</ref> The presentation o her German single "Heißer Sand" on 12 Mairch 1962 on [[Peter Kraus]]'s TV show caused a boom o 40,000 record sales in ten days in Germany.<ref>"Mina incide in tedesco" (In Italian). ''Musica e dischi'', 1 April 1962</ref> The record went tae #1 an spent ower hauf the year on the German chairts in 1962.<ref>[http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 Nummer-1-Singles 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160903/http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 |date=2014-07-14 }} RubyCon. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina haed sax mair singles on the German chairt in the next twa years.<ref name=german/> In a listeners' poll conductit in Julie 1962 in Germany, Austrick, an the German-speakin portion o Swisserland, Mina wis votit the maist popular sangster in the warld.<ref name=germania>"Mina ha conquistato la Germania", ("Mina has conquered Germany". In Italian). ''Grand Hotel'', 14 July 1962</ref> In Mey 1962, she performit in [[Buenos Aires]]. Meanwhile, her version o the [[Mambo (muisic)|mambo]] rhythm "[[Moliendo Café|Moliendo Cafe]]" an the [[surf pop]] "Renato" peakit at #1 an #4 respectively on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/> "L'eclisse twist" appeared on the flipside o "Renato", an wis uised on the soondtrack o [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]'s featur film ''[[Eclipse (1962 film)|Eclipse]]''. In 1963 Mina's TV an radio career wis interruptit bi [[RAI]], the Italian public broadcastin service, as she refused tae kiver up her relationship (an resultin pregnancy) wi the marriet actor [[:it:Corrado Pani|Corrado Pani]]. Mina's record sales wur unaffectit an due tae public demand, RAI endit the ban. On 10 Januar 1964 she returned tae the TV screen on the program ''La fiera dei sogni'', an performit the sang "Città vuota", a kiver o [[Gene McDaniels]]' "It's a Lonely Town (Lonely Without You)", which wis her first release on the RiFi label.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 La fiera dei sogni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506094726/http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 |date=2007-05-06 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 22 February 2008</ref><ref name=decoder>{{cite web|url=http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|title=Mina|publisher=Il decoder|date=25 March 2010|access-date=23 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413182246/http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> Her next single, "È l'uomo per me", a kiver o [[Jody Miller]]'s "He Walks Like a Man", became the biggest sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref name=singles/> Her new melodic manner<ref name="Mina nuova maniera">[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 Mina nuova maniera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031180311/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 |date=2006-10-31 }} Bella journal, 29 March 1964. In Italian</ref> wis demonstratit again on 11 Dizember 1964 TV program ''Il macchiettario'', whaur she performit "Io sono quel che sono" ("I Am What I Am"). A reminder o her previous adolescent image, her single "Suna ni kieta namida" ("Tears Disappear in the Sand"), sung in Japanese, peakit at #1 on the Japanese singles chairt an earned Mina the title o Best Internaitional Airtist in Japan.<ref name = fratarcangeli>F. Fratarcangeli, "Mina talk", Coniglio, 2005, p.87. In Italian</ref> The first episode o the ''Studio Uno'' live Seturday nicht series showcased Mina's new blond leuk wi shavit eyebrous.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 Studio Uno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094906/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The shows includit the bruidin sangs "Un bacio è troppo poco" ("One Kiss is Not Enough") an "Un anno d'amore" ("A Year of Love"),<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/a/anno_damore.htm Un anno d'amore] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> a kiver o [[Nino Ferrer]]'s "C'est irreparable".<ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/artist/21871 Artist: Nino Ferrer]. Secondhandsongs.com. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> In the same series she performit "Brava" ("Good"), a rhythmic jazz nummer specially written bi Bruno Canfora tae demonstrate the Mina's vocal range an performin skills.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her ''[[Studio Uno]]'' album toppit the Italian chairt that year. Her recordins o 1965 includit the [[scat singin|scattin]] performance o "Spirale Waltz", the theme sang for the film ''[[The 10th Victim]]''. ===Unthirldom (1966–1968)=== [[Maurizio Costanzo]] an Ghigo De Chiara wrote the leerics o "Se telefonando" ("If Over the Phone") as the theme for the TV program ''[[:it:Aria Condizionata|Aria condizionata]]'' in spring 1966.<ref name=telefonando>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_telefonando.htm|title=Se telefonando|publisher= Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> The leerics war componit in a daurk, [[Hal David]] mode.<ref name=cool/> The [[serialism|serialist]] componer [[Ennio Morricone]]<ref name=sibelius/> wis askit tae compone the muisic. Mina an the three sangwriters met in a RAI rehearsal room at Via Teulada, Roum. Morricone stairtit tae repeat a short muisical theme o juist three notes (bi his term a ''micro-cell'')<ref name=sibelius>[http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 Morricone, Ennio. Classical Music Library Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023917/http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 |date=2007-09-28 }} SibeliusMusic site. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> on an upricht [[piano]]. He haed copiet the snippet o melody frae the siren o a polis caur in [[Marseilles]]. Efter a few bars Mina grabbit the leerics sheet an stairtit tae sing as if she haed kent the tune afore. Componit in this wey, "Se telefonando" is a pop sang wi aicht transitions o [[tonality]] that builds tension throuoot the chorus.<ref name=callas/><ref name=telefonando /> Morricone's arrangement featurt a sophisticatit combination o melodic trumpet lines, [[Hal Blaine]]-style drummin, a string set, a 1960s [[Europop]] female choir, an intense subsonic-soondin trombones.<ref name=cool/> "Se telefonando" wis presentit in Mey 1966 in a ''Studio Uno'' episode an in August the same year at ''Aria condizionata''. The single peakit at #7 on the Italian chairt an wis 53rd in the annual leet o sales. The album ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' featurt the sang as ane o the staundoot tracks alang wi "Ta-ra-ta-ta" an "Una casa in cima al mondo". It wis the fift biggest sellin album o the year in Italy.<ref name=album>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it|title= Top annuali album|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|language=Italian|accessdate=30 July 2010}}</ref> In 1966, Mina stairtit wirkin wi the [[Radiotelevisione Svizzera di lingua Italiana|Swiss Broadcasting Service]] an the Orchestra Radiosa in Lugano. She foondit the [[independent record label]] [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]] in collaboration wi her faither. The first record issued unner the label wis ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (Dedicated to My Father). Mina's growin interest in Brazilian muisic resultit in "[[:it:La banda/Se c'è una cosa che mi fa impazzire|La banda]]" ("The Band"), a [[Chico Buarque]] sang, which reached #3 in Italy. Mina continued tae perform on Italian TV, an presentit "Zum zum zum" on the ware 1967 variety series ''Sabato sera'', accompaniet bi the [[NATO]] naval baund. The series includit "La coppia più bella del mondo" ("The Most Beautiful Couple in the World") an aw, a duet wi [[Adriano Celentano]]. The title o the sang "Sono, come tu mi vuoi" ("I Am, as You Want Me to Be") wis taken frae [[Luigi Pirandello]]'s play ''[[:it:Come tu mi vuoi|Come tu mi vuoi]]''. The leerics talk aboot the manic attention o the press on an airtist's private life.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/sono_come_tu_mi_vuoi.htm Sono come tu mi vuoi] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither hit frae ''Sabato sera'' wis "[[L'immensità]]" ("Immensity"), which wis re-scored bi [[:it:Augusto Martelli|Augusto Martelli]] an released as "La inmensidad" in Spain an Laitin American kintras.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/i/immensita.htm L'immensità]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> RAI broadcast the third episode o ''[[:it:Senza rete|Senza rete]]'' ("Unplugged") live on 18 Julie 1968 frae the Auditorio A o the corporation's regional heidquairters in [[Naples]].<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 Senza rete] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094847/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com site. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The program presentit Mina's homage tae [[Luigi Tenco]], who haed recently dee'd. She turned his sang "Se stasera sono qui" ("Should I Stay Here Tonight") intae a rigorous piece o [[soul muisic]]<ref name="Se stasera sono qui">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_stasera_sono_qui.htm Se stasera sono qui] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref> in the score o [[Pino Calvi]]. She celebratit the 10t anniversary o her career wi a concert at La Bussola, backit bi the Orchestra Augusto Martelli.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Mina-Mina-Alla-Bussola-Dal-Vivo/release/1353630 Mina Alla Bussola Dal Vivo] discogs. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The concert wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]''.<ref>[http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm Mina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623021519/http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}. Archivo RAI Uno site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ''[[:it:Canzonissima 1968|Canzonissima 1968]]'' wis a Seturday nicht [[prime time]] [[variety show]] that aired on [[Rai Uno]] frae September 1968 tae Januar 1969. It wis hostit bi Mina, [[Walter Chiari]] an [[Paolo Panelli]].<ref name="Zum zum zum">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/zumzum/zumzum.htm Zum zum zum] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> The orchestrations wur scored bi the conductors Bruno Canfora an Augusto Martelli. "Sacumdì Sacumdà", Mina's talkin an laughin version o Carlos Imperial's [[bossa nova]] "Nem Vem Que Não Tem", narraely escapit a ban bi RAI acause o its irreverent leerics. The sang wis performit as pairt o a muisical fantasy, back tae back wi "Quelli che hanno un cuore", her intense version o "[[:en:Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)|Anyone Who Had a Heart]]".<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch681220.htm Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither interpretation o a [[Dionne Warwick]] sang wis "La voce del silenzio" ("Silent Voices") bi Paolo Limiti an Elio Isola, presentit in a live session durin the show.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> "Niente di niente" ("Nothing at All") wis her version o [[the Delfonics]]' "Break Your Promise". The series includit the sangs "Fantasia", "La musica è finita" ("The Music is Over") an the elegant "Un colpo al cuore" ("Heart Attack") an aw. "Un colpo al cuore" endit up as #68 on the best-sellin singles chairt for that year in Italy.<ref name="annual1968">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|title=I singoli più venduti del 1968 (Biggest-selling singles of 1968)|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192124/http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each show wis closed bi Mina singin "Vorrei che fosse amore" ("Wish It Was Love"), a piece o atmospheric muisic bi [[Bruno Canfora]] that wis #50 on the best-sellin singles chairt for 1968 in Italy.<ref name=annual1968/> A selection o sangs frae the series wur issued as the album ''[[Canzonissima '68]]''.<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968"/> ===Mogol-Battisti (1969–1973)=== Efter a break o three month, Mina returned an recordit the sang "Non credere" ("Disbelieve"), componit bi Luigi Clausetti an Pietro Soffici, wi leerics bi [[Mogol (leericist)|Mogol]], in Apryle.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 A che gioco giochiamo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094919/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The single became the third biggest-sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1969.htm I singoli più venduti del 1969]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mogol an his fellae componer [[Lucio Battisti]], alang wi the [[Premiata Forneria Marconi]] on back-up instrumentals, wirkit wi Mina on several sangs as a result o the success o "Non credere". The team producit a set o sangs includin "[[:it:Io e te da soli / Credi|Io e te da soli]]" ("You and Me Alone"), "Insieme" ("Together"), "Amor mio" ("Love of Mine"), "Io vivrò senza te" ("I'll Live without You"),<ref name=decoder/><ref name=frieze>{{cite journal|url= http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|title= Jaki Irvine|journal= [[Frieze magazine|frieze]]|volume= 56|year= 2001|access-date= 2013-08-27|archive-date= 2015-09-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043149/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|url-status= dead}}</ref> "[[:it:E penso a te (Lucio Battisti)|E penso a te]]" ("And I Think of You"). Ane o the first introductions o the new repertoire wis the ''Senza rete'' live televisit concert frae the Auditorio A in Naples on 20 Januar 1970. The material providit bi Mogol-Battisti wis the core for five albums. Amang thaim, ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' wis Mina's first unthirlt album tae reach #1 o the weekly Italian chairts an wis the biggest sellin album o 1969 in Italy. [[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|''...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...'']] wis seivent on the annual record chairt o 1970. ''[[Del mio meglio]]...'' (''My Best...'') wis seicont in 1971. ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' wis the biggest seller o 1972. The latter twa albums wur recordit durin a break frae live performances tae gie birth tae her dochter [[:it:Benedetta Mazzini|Benedetta]]. Mina's comeback teuk place at RAI's variety series ''Teatro 10'' in ware 1972. Ane o the heichlichts o the series wis a selection o Battisti's sangs performit in duet wi the composer. The shows includit "Balada para mi muerte" ("Ode to My Death") an aw, a [[nuevo tango]] duet wi [[Ástor Piazzolla]] at the [[bandoneón]], backit bi the Argentine group [[Conjunto 9]]. "[[Grande grande grande]]", arrangit bi [[Pino Presti]],<ref>''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' by Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998)</ref> wis the seicont biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy. The successes encouragit Enrico Riccardi tae copy Battisti's style in Riccardi's composition "Fiume azzurro", which earned anither place in the tap 100 o annual record sales in Italy.<ref name=azzurro>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/f/fiume_azzurro.htm Fiume azzurro] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The feenal nummer o the aicht ''Teatro 10'' episodes wis "[[Parole parole]]" ("Words Words"), a duet wi [[Alberto Lupo]]. The sang is an [[easy listenin]] dialogue atween Mina's singin an Lupo's declamation. The leerics' theme are hollae wirds. Thir intertwine the lady's lamentation o the end o luve an the lees she haes tae hear wi the male protagonist's [[recitation]]. In the dialog she scoffs at the compliments he gies her, cawin thaim ''parole'' – juist wirds. The single wis released in Apryle 1972 an toppit the Italian chairts. It wis covered bi numerous Italian an French duets.<ref name=parole>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/p/parole_parole.htm Parole parole] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina said she wad be reteerin frae public appearances efter an exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September. Thoosans o fowk turned up at the nichtclub's doorstep.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 Mina e l'orchestra live '72] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507213141/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 |date=2007-05-07 }} Lele Cerri. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch721001.htm Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref><ref name="La Bussola">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/storie/luoghi/bussola/bussola.htm La Bussola] Galleriadellacanzone.it. In Italian. Retrieved 1 September 2007</ref> [[Gianni Ferrio]]'s Orchestra featurt Gianni Basso on tenor saxophone an Oscar Valdambrini on trumpet.<ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972"/> Mina lost her husband Virgilio Crocco in a caur accident in 1973. She continued her career wi the tap Italian chairt hits "E poi..." ("And Then...") an "L'importante è finire" ("It's Important to Finish"). She recordit the theme sang "Fa presto, fa piano" ("Works Quickly, Works Quietly") for the film ''[[:it:La sculacciata|La sculacciata]]'', issued in 1974. ===Syne 1974=== Mina's last live TV appearance wis the feenal episode o the ''Milleluci'' series on 16 Mairch 1974. Mina wis the hostess o the series alangside [[Raffaella Carrà]]. Durin the series, she splored different muisical styles in the sangs "[[I Don't Know How to Love Him]]", "[[Mack the Knife]]", "[[Night and Day (sang)|Night and Day]]", and "[[Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)]]". Efter "Non gioco più" ("The Game Is Over"), a blues duet wi the [[harmonica]] player [[Toots Thielemans]], Mina annooncit her athdrawal frae public performances.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/n/non_gioco_piu.htm Non gioco piu] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. 25 May 2010</ref> Her last appearance on TV wis her performance o "Ancora ancora ancora". The video wis the feenal nummer o the "Mille e una luce" show on 1 Julie 1978.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni70/schede/ancora/ancora.htm Ancora ancora ancora] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 28 June 2007</ref> Her last concert appearances, a series o thirteen fully beukit concerts at La Bussola in 1978, wur cut short due tae her illness. Mina gae her last public performance on 23 August 1978 at the Bussoladomani theatre backit bi the Orchestra Pino Presti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |title=Sorrisi e Canzoni TV - Mina live! 23 agosto 1978 |publisher=Archivio.sorrisi.com |date=25 August 2003 |accessdate=5 April 2012 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328095541/http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina Live '78]]''.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora"/> Mina continued tae release albums on a yearly basis wi her son [[:it:Massimiliano Pani|Massimiliano Pani]] as the producer. Atween 1972 an 1995, she publisht a dooble album each year. Frae 1973, her LPs an CDs hae been characterisit bi airtistic motifs o the designers Luciano Tallarini, Gianni Ronco an the photographer Mauro Balletti. Frae the mid-1980s, the design o the album covers wis trustit tae Balletti alane. Aw o Mina's records unner the PDU label hae reached the Italian Tap 100. A lairge pairt o her wirk haes consistit o coverin well-kent sangs; she haes dedicatit tribute albums tae [[The Beatles]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Renato Zero]], [[Domenico Modugno]], the [[Napoli (album)|Neapolitan sang]], an [[releegious muisic]]. Efter leavin the stage, her greatest chairt successes hae been duets. In 1985, "Questione di feeling", a duet wi [[Riccardo Cocciante]], wis the 13t biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy an became an ivergreen (as a hit song is cried in Europe). The duet album ''[[Mina Celentano]]'', recordit wi [[Adriano Celentano]], wis the biggest-sellin album o 1998 in Italy. Stairtin in 1989, aw o her records includit the jazzy piano playin o [[Danilo Rea]]. The break in Mina's TV appearances lastit till 2001, when she released fuitage o her recordin sessions. The videos wur broadcastit ower the [[WIND (Italy)|Wind]] internet steid on 30 Mairch. This resultit in millions o visits tae the steid on that nicht, an addeetional millions on follaein days. The fuitage wis released as the DVD ''Mina in Studio''. Efter the event, Mina's singles stairtit tae chairt in Italy again. The track "Succhiando l'uva" (2002), written for her bi [[Zucchero]], peakit at #3 on the chairt. Mina's kiver o "Don't call me baby [[Can't Take My Eyes Off You|(Can't take my eyes off you)]]" (2003) reached #4 in Italy. The single "Alibi" (2007) reached #6 in Italy. The triple CD ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' reached #1 on the Italian chairts. Sae did ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999), ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002), ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) and ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]''. Mina's later releases hae includit duets wi [[Mick Hucknall]], [[Fabrizio De André]], [[Piero Pelù]], [[Adriano Celentano]], [[Lucio Dalla]], [[Joan Manuel Serrat]], [[Chico Buarque]], [[Tiziano Ferro]], [[Giorgia Todrani|Giorgia]] an [[Seal (sangster)|Seal]]. In recent years, Mina haes been writin a weekly column on the front page o ''[[La Stampa]]'' an a page in the Italian edeetion o the magazine ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', whaur she answers fan letters.<ref name=wong/> ==Discografie== {{Main 2|Mina discografie|Leet o Mina sangs}} {{MultiCol}} * ''[[Tintarella di luna]]'' (1960) * ''[[Il cielo in una stanza]]'' (1960) * ''[[Due note]]'' (1961) * ''[[Moliendo café]]'' (1962) * ''[[Renato (album)|Renato]]'' (1962) * ''[[Stessa spiaggia, stesso mare]]'' (1963) * ''[[20 successi di Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina (1964 album)|Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina Nº 7]]'' (1964) * ''[[Studio Uno]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina interpretata da Mina]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina & Gaber: un'ora con loro]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina canta Napoli]]'' (1966) * ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' (1966) * ''[[Mina 2]]'' (1966) * ''[[Sabato sera - Studio Uno '67]]'' (1967) * ''[[4 anni di successi]]'' (1967) * ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (1967) * ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]'' (1968) * ''[[Le più belle canzoni italiane interpretate da Mina]]'' (1968) * ''[[Canzonissima '68]]'' (1968) * ''[[I discorsi]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina for You]]'' (1969) * ''[[Incontro con Mina]]'' (1969) * ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina canta o Brasil]]'' (1970) * ''[[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...]]'' (1970) * ''[[Del mio meglio]]'' (1971) * ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' (1971) * ''[[Cinquemilaquarantatre]]'' (1972) * ''[[Dalla Bussola]]'' (1972) * ''[[Altro (album)|Altro]]'' (1972) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 2]]'' (1973) * ''[[Frutta e verdura]]'' (1973) * ''[[Amanti di valore]]'' (1973) * ''evergreens'' (1974) * ''[[Mina®]]'' (1974) * ''[[Baby Gate (album)|Baby Gate]]'' (1974) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 3]]'' (1975) * ''[[La Mina]]'' (1975) * ''[[Minacantalucio]]'' (1975) * ''[[Singolare]]'' (1976) * ''[[Plurale]]'' (1976) * ''Del mio meglio n. 4'' (1977) * ''Mina quasi Jannacci'' (1977) * ''Mina con Bignè'' (1977) * ''di tanto in tanto'' (1978) * ''[[Mina Live '78]]'' (1978) * ''Del mio meglio n. 5'' (1979) * ''[[Attila (album)|Attila]]'' (1979) * ''[[Kyrie (album)|Kyrie]]'' (1980) * ''Del mio meglio n. 6 Live'' (1981) * ''Salomè'' (1981) * ''Italiana'' (1982) * ''Del mio meglio n. 7'' (1983) * ''Mina 25'' (1983) {{ColBreak}} * ''[[Catene (album)|Catene]]'' (1984) * ''Del mio meglio n. 8'' (1985) * ''Finalmente ho conosciuto il conte Dracula...'' (1985) * ''[[Si, buana]]'' (1986) * ''Del mio meglio n. 9'' (1987) * ''[[Rane supreme]]'' (1987) * ''[[Oggi ti amo di più]]'' (1988) * ''[[Ridi pagliaccio vol. 1-2|Ridi pagliaccio]]'' (1988) * ''Uiallalla'' (1989) * ''Ti conosco mascherina'' (1990) * ''[[Caterpillar (Mina album)|Caterpillar]]'' (1991) * ''Sorelle Lumière'' (1992) * ''Mina canta i Beatles'' (1993) * ''[[Lochness vol. 1-2|Lochness]]'' (1993) * ''Mazzini canta Battisti'' (1994) * ''[[Canarino mannaro]]'' (1994) * ''Pappa di latte'' (1995) * ''Canzoni d'autore'' (1996) * ''[[Cremona (album)|Cremona]]'' (1996) * ''[[Napoli (album)|Napoli]]'' (1996) * ''Minantologia'' (1997) * ''[[Leggera]]'' (1997) * ''Mina Gold'' (1998) * ''Mina Sanremo'' (1998) * ''[[Mina Celentano]]'' (1998) * ''Mina Studio Collection'' (1998) * ''Mina Gold 2'' (1999) * ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999) * ''[[Mina n° 0]]'' (1999) * ''Mina per Wind'' (2000) * ''Mina Love Collection'' (2000) * ''[[Dalla terra]]'' (2000) * ''Colección latina'' (2001) * ''[[Sconcerto]]'' (2001) * ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002) * ''In duo'' (2003) * ''[[Napoli secondo estratto]]'' (2003) * ''Napoli primo, secondo e terzo estratto'' (2003) * ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' (2004) * ''Una Mina d'amore'' (2004) * ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) * ''[[L'allieva]]'' (2005) * ''Platinum Collection 2'' (2006) * ''Ti amo...'' (2006) * ''[[Bau (album)|Bau]]'' (2006) * ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]'' (2007) * ''Sulla tua bocca lo dirò'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina straniera'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina con archi'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - La calma'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Per quando ti amo'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina Cover'' (2009) * ''[[Facile]]'' (2009) * ''Caramella'' (2010) * ''Piccola streenna'' (2010) * ''Piccolino'' (2011) * ''12 (American song book)'' (2012) {{EndMultiCol}} ==Filmografie== * ''Juke box - Urli d'amore'' (1959) * ''Teddy Boys della canzone'' (1960) * ''Urlatori alla sbarra'' (1960) * ''Madri pericolose'' (1960) * ''Io bacio... tu baci'' (1961) * ''Mina... fuori la guardia'' (1961) * ''Das haben die Mädchen gern'' (1962) * ''Appuntamento in Riviera'' (1962) * ''Silvester Show'' (1964) * ''Per amore... per magia...'' (1967) ===DVD=== Mina signed a contract wi the [[Barilla Group|Barilla]] fuid label in 1965 an starred in ten pasta commercials bi 1971, directit bi [[Piero Gherardi]] an [[Valerio Zurlini]] amang ithers. In 2005, Mina's performances in ads for Barilla wur publisht on VHS an DVD as ''Nei caroselli Barilla''. The exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September 1972 wis released bi the PDU record company as ''Mina alla Bussola Live '72''. Recordit bi Polivideo TV company, the event wis aired on [[Sky Italia]] as a series frae 1 tae 21 Januar 1973. ==Bibliografie== * ''Mina, come sono'' bi Gianni Pettenati (Virgilio 1980) * ''Mina, la voce'' bi Mario Guarino (Forte 1983) * ''Unicamente Mina'' bi Flavio Merkel and Paolo Belluso (Gammalibri 1983) * ''La leggendaria Mina'' (PDU Italiana Edizioni Musicali S.r.l./Curci 1983) * ''Mina. Storia di un mito raccontato'' bi Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986) * ''Mina nelle fotografie di Mauro Balletti'' (Campanotto 1990) * ''Mina - Le immagini e la storia di un mito'' (Eden 1992) * ''Mina - Mito e mistero'' bi Nino Romano (Sperling & Kupfer 1996) * ''Mina - I miti'' bi Antonella Giola, Daniela Teruzzi & Gherardo Gentili (Arnoldo Mondadori 1997) * ''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' bi Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998) * ''Divina Mina'' bi Dora Giannetti (Zelig 1998) * ''Mina'' bi Roberta Maresci (Gremese 1998) * ''Mina - Una forza incantatrice'' bi Franco Fabbri & Luigi Pestalozza (eds. Euresis 1998) * ''Mina - La sua vita, i suoi successi'' bi Gianni Lucini (Sonzogno 1999) * ''Mina, il mito'' (Tempo Libro 1999) * ''Studio Mina'' bi Flaviano De Luca (ed. Elle U Multimedia 1999) * ''Mina disegnata fotografata'' -Authors' copyright- 2001 * ''Mina: Gli anni Italdisc 1959–1964'' bi Marco Castiglioni, Fulvio Fiore, Maurizio Maiotti, Stefania Fiore, Barbara Alari an Maurizio Maiotti (Satisfaction 2001) * ''Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme'' bi Marcello Bufacchi (Riuniti 2005) * ''Mina talk. Vent'anni di interviste. 1959–1979'' bi Fernando Fratarcangeli (Coniglio 2005) * ''Mina... il fascino della tigre'' bi Ghea Irene (Lo Vecchio 2006) ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{IMDb name|0590869|Mina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mina}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:Italian female sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters]] [[Category:German-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Japanese-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Busto Arsizio]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cremona]] [[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]] myqmwu1wi9znmaaq4rt2hyzdnbd93fs 919094 919093 2026-07-09T23:34:23Z IvanScrooge98 29685 a business website where her legal name is listed. replacing with other source anyway 919094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Mina | image = Mina Epoca 1972.jpg | caption = Mina in 1972 | image_size = | alias = Baby Gate, Mina Mazzini | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Mina Anna Mazzini | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|03|25|df=yes}} | birth_place =[[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]], Italy | death_date = | death_place = | origin = [[Cremona]], Lombardy, Italy | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]], [[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[Italian popular muisic|Musica Leggera]],<br> [[Blues]], [[Jazz]], [[Europop|Euro-Pop]],<br> [[Rhythm an Blues]], [[Canzone Napoletana]],<br> [[Bossa nova]], [[Dance muisic|Dance]] | occupation = Sangster | years_active = 1958–present | label = [[:it:Italdisc|Italdisc]], [[:it:Ri-Fi|Ri-Fi]], [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]], [[EMI]] | associated_acts = [[Lucio Battisti]], [[Bruno Canfora]], [[Adriano Celentano]],<br> [[Gianni Ferrio]], [[Giorgio Gaber]], Augusto Martelli,<br> [[Pino Presti]] | website = [http://www.minamazzini.com/ www.minamazzini.com] }} '''Mina Anna Mazzini''',<ref>[https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/48984 quirinale.it]. In Italian</ref> <small>[[OMRI]]</small> (born 25 Mairch 1940), kent professionally as '''Mina''', is ane o the maist successfu Italian sangsters o aw time. She wis a staple o Italian telly variety shaws<ref name=carrera>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1hVfHLOGAxwC&pg=PA325&dq=Folk+music+and+popular+song+from+the+nineteenth+century+to+the+1990s&ei=ZcusS9e1Hqq2zQSnrKwe&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Folk%20music%20and%20popular%20song%20from%20the%20nineteenth%20century%20to%20the%201990s&f=false|first=Alessandro|last= Carrera|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|editor=Zygmunt Guido Baranski, Rebecca J. West|title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture| chapter=Folk music and popular song from the nineteenth century to the 1990s|pages=325–336|year=2001}}</ref> an a dominant figur in Italian pop muisic frae the mid-1960s tae mid-1970s,<ref name=biography/> kent fur her three-octave [[vocal reenge]],<ref name=callas>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|author=Rina Gagliardi|title=Mina, una stella come la Callas|language=it|publisher=Confederazione Democratica Lavoratori Sammarinesi|date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719060122/http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> the agility o her [[soprano]] vyce,<ref name=callas/> an her image as an [[Feminism|emancipatit wumman]].<ref name=feminista>{{cite news|title=Mina, la prima femminista (anche se non lo sapeva)|trans-title=Mina, the first feminist (although she didn't know that)|language=it|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|author=Maria Luisa Agnese|page=36|date=26 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917000859/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> In performance, Mina combined seevral modren styles wi tradeetional Italian melodies an [[swing muisic]], that makkit her the maist versatile pop sangster in [[Muisic o Italy|Italian muisic]].<ref name=carrera/> Mina dominatit the Italian chairts fur fifteen years an reached an unsurpassed level o popularity in Italy.<ref name=biography/> She haes scored [[Mina discografie|77 album an 71 single]] on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/><ref name=album/> Mina's TV appearances in 1959 wur the furst fur a female [[rock an roll]] sangster in Italy. Her loud syncopatit singin earned her the elk-name ''Queen o Screamers''.<ref name=cool>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501210836/http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|url=http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|title=Sounds: New Digs. Catalog of Cool|archive-date=1 May 2008 }}</ref> The public labeled her the ''Teeger o [[Cremona]]'' fur her wild gestures an bouk shaks an aw. Whan she turned tae licht [[tradeetional pop muisic|pop tunes]], Mina's chairt-toppers in [[Wast Germany]] in 1962 an [[Japan]] in 1964 earned her the title o the best internaitional airtist in thir kintras.<ref name=german>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|title=Chartverfolgung / Mina / Single|publisher=Music Line|language=de|access-date=5 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215050/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=germania/><ref name = fratarcangeli/> Mina's mair refined sensual manner wis introducit in 1960 wi [[Gino Paoli]]'s ballad "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|This World We Love In]]", that chairtit on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 1961. Mina wis banned frae Italian TV an radio in 1963 acause her pregnancy an relationship wi a marriet actor did no accord wi the dominant [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] an [[bourgeois]] [[morals]].<ref name=ninoromano>Mina. Storia di un mito by Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986)</ref> Efter the ban, the Italian braidcastin service [[RAI]] tree'd tae continue tae prohibit her sangs, that wis fortricht in dealin wi subjecks sic as releegion, smokin an sex.<ref name=ninoromano/> Mina's [[Ceul (aesthetic)|ceul]] ack combined [[sex appeal]] wi public [[:en:Smoking in Italy|smokin]], [[hair colorin|dyed]] blond hair, an shavit [[eyebrous]] tae creaut a "bad girl" image.<ref name = cool/> Mina's vyce haes distinctive [[timbre]] an great pouer.<ref name=canzone>[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/coriandoli/coriandoli.htm Coriandoli]. Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name=tintarella>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/t/tintarella_di_luna.htm Tintarella di Luna] Hit Parade Italia</ref> Her main themes are anguisht luve stories performit in heich dramatic tones. The sangster combined clessic Italian pop wi elements o [[blues]], [[R&B]] an [[soul muisic]] durin the late 1960s,<ref name="Se stasera sono qui"/> inspecially whan she wirkit in collaboration wi componer [[Lucio Battisti]]. Tap Italian sangwriters creatit material wi lairge vocal ranges an unuisual [[chord progression]]s tae shawcase her singin skeels, pairticulairly "Brava" bi [[Bruno Canfora]] (1965) an the pseudo-[[serialism|serial]] "Se telefonando" bi [[Ennio Morricone]] (1966). The latter sang wis kivered bi seevral performers abraid. [[Shirley Bassey]] carriet Mina's ballad "[[Grande grande grande]]" tae chairts in the U.S., U.K., an ither Inglis-speakin kintras in 1973. Mina's [[easy listenin]] duet "[[Parole parole]]" wis turned intae a warldwide hit bi [[Dalida]] an [[Alain Delon]] in 1974. Mina gae up public appearances in 1978 an haes continued tae lowse popular albums on a yearly basis tae the present day. ==Life an career== ===Early life=== Anna Maria Mazzini<ref name=sanremo>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&oi=fnd&pg=IA1&dq=mina+sanremo&ots=1KVt7RbIYV&sig=wxITaWHy4YImDGiKB-3mTv_9h3o|author= Marcello Giannotti|year=2001|title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo (Encyclopedia of Sanremo)|language=Italian|publisher=Gremese|location= Rome, Italy}}</ref><ref name=svizzera>{{cite news|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1989/11/07/da-ieri-mina-diventata-cittadina-svizzera.html|newspaper=[[la Repubblica]]|title=Da ieri Mina e' diventata cittadina svizzera (Yesterday Mina acquired Swiss citizenship)|language=it|date=7 November 1989}}</ref> wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]].<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> The faimily muivit tae wirk in [[Cremona]] in her bairnheid. She listened tae American rock an roll an jazz records an wis a frequent visitor at the Santa Tecla an the Taverna Messicana clubs o [[Milan]], baith kent for promotin rock an roll.<ref name=toscana>{{cite web|url=http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055544/http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|title= Senti questa chitarra... Gli Anni '60|publisher=Toscana musiche|access-date=25 May 2010|language=it}}</ref> Efter feenishing heich schuil in 1958, she attendit college whaur she majored in accoontin.<ref name="Mina. Biografia">[http://www.musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm Mina. Biografia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630063619/http://musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm |date=2017-06-30 }}. Musicalstore.it site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ===Queen o Screamers (1958–1961)=== While on simmer holiday in [[Versilia]] on 8 August 1958, Mazzini gae an improvisit performance o the sang "Un'anima tra le mani" to amuis her faimily efter a concert at the [[:it:Bussola Versilia|La Bussola]] nicht club.<ref name=biography>{{cite web|url=http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|title=Biography of Mina|accessdate=25 May 2010|publisher=Rai International Online|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000428/http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wong>{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Theresa|title=Here's Mina for you|url=http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|publisher=Art Practical|date=11 April 2010|access-date=30 July 2010|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062915/http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Durin the follaein nichts, Sergio Bernardini, the awner o the club, held her back in her attempts tae get back on stage.<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12">P.Belluso-F.Merkel, Unicamente Mina, Gammalibri 1983, p.12</ref> In September, she stairtit her solo career wi the backin o the baund Happy Boys.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her concert in September 1958, afore an audience o 2,500 fowk at the Theatre o [[Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti|Rivarolo del Re]], wan enthusiastic approval frae local creetics.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 Rivarolo del Re, 24 settembre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031143955/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 |date=2006-10-31 }} La Provincia newspaper, 24 September. In Italian. Retrieved 3 July 2007</ref> She suin signed wi Davide Matalon, awner o the smaw record company Italdisc. Her first single, "Non partir"/"Malatia", wis producit unner the stage name Mina for the Italian audience. Simultaneously, "[[Be Bop A Lula]]"/"When" wis issued unner the name ''Baby Gate'' for the internaitional audience. ''Baby'' wis chosen as a contrast tae her 178&nbsp;cm hicht (5&nbsp;ft 10 in) — exceptionally taw for an Italian wumman — an ''Gate'' as a tribute tae [[The Golden Gate Quartet]].<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12"/><ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/finti.htm Guai ai finiti]. Maurizio Targa. Hit Parade Italia</ref> In Dizember, her performance at the [[:it:Sei giorni della canzone|Sei giorni della canzone festival]] o [[Milan]] wis describit bi the ''[[:it:La Notte|La Notte]]'' newspaper as the "birth o a starn".<ref>Guido Gerosa [http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 Nascono le stelle a Porta Garibaldi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031173332/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 |date=2006-10-31 }} [Birth of a star at Porta Garibaldi]. La Notte. 2 December 1958. In Italian</ref> It wis Mina's last performance wi the Happy Boys, as her faimily refused tae let her skip college for a scheduled tour o Turkey. Less nor a month efter the breakup wi her previous baund, Mina co-foondit a new group cried Solitari, which consistit o a sangster, a saxophonist, a pianist, a contrabassist, an a guitarist. Her first hit wi the baund featurt Mina performit an extra-loud, syncopatit version o the popular [[swing muisic|swing]] sang "Nessuno" ("Nobody"), which she performit at the first rock festival in the Milan Ice Palace in Februar 1959.<ref>Marcello Bufacchi, Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme, Riuniti 2005, p.13. In Italian</ref><ref>T.Crotti, G.Bassi, "Mina prima di Mina", Rizzoli Editore, 2007, p.64. In Italian</ref><ref name="Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni50/schede/nessuno/tv.htm Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina]. Galleria della canzone site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> Performances o the sang on the TV [[gemme show]]s ''[[Lascia o raddoppia?]]'' an ''Il musichiere'' on 1 Mairch an 4 Apryle wur hailed bi Italian creetics. The starlet signed wi Elio Gigante, an experiencit airtist manager. In the follaein years, he organisit her performances in the grand ballrooms o Italy.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her first Italian #1 hit wis the up-tempo "Tintarella di luna" ("Moon Tan") in September 1959, which wis performit in her first ''[[musicarello]]'' (muisical comedy film), ''Juke box - Urli d'amore''. In late 1959, Matalon haed her drop the name Baby Gate in favour o Mina. ===Growin up (1960–1965)=== The next year, when Mina teuk pairt in the [[Sanremo Muisic Festival|Festival della canzone italiana]] in [[Sanremo]] wi twa sangs, she turned tae slow emotional luve sangs for the first time. The sang "È vero" ("It's True") reached #8 on the Italian chairts.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1960.htm Sanremo 1960 (10a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> [[Gino Paoli]]'s sang "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|Il cielo in una stanza]]" ("The Sky in a Room") markit the beginnin o the young sangster's transformation frae a rock an roll shrieker tae a feminine inspiration for [[cantautori]].<ref name="Il cielo in una stanza">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/c/cielo_in_una_stanza.htm Il cielo in una stanza]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The idea for the sang "Luve can grow at ony moment at ony place" haed come tae Paoli while lyin on a bed an leukin at the purpie ceilin.<ref>[http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm Paolo Grugni. Canzoni sempreverdi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002005/http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Madrepennuta.it. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The single toppit the leet o annual sales in Italy<ref name=singles>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it| title=Top Annuali Singles| publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> an reached the Billboard Hot 100<ref name=cool/> as "This World We Love In". Video performances o the sang wur includit in the muisicarellos ''Io bacio... tu baci'' an ''Appuntamento a Ischia'', an in 1990, in the [[:en:Goodfellas (soundtrack)|soondtrack]] o the film ''Goodfellas''. At the 1961 Sanremo sang festival, Mina performit twa sangs. "Io amo, tu ami" ("A Luve, You Luve") feenisht fowert an "Le mille bolle blu" ("A Thoosan Blue Bubbles") placit fift.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1961.htm Sanremo 1961 (11a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Disappointit wi thir results, Mina declared her intention o niver performin at the Sanremo sang festival again. As her sangs an movies wur awready popular abroad, Mina stairtit tae tour Spain an Japan,<ref>"Banzai Mina! Bentornata Mina!". Musica E Dischi. 25 June 1961. In Italian</ref> and performed on Venezuelan TV in 1961.<ref>"Mina ha stregato il Venezuela". ''Gente'' 25 August 1961In Italian.</ref> Mina performit on Spainyie TV an at the [[Paris Olympia]] haw at the beginnin o 1962.<ref>"Mina ha conquistato dal vivo gli spagnoli" (In Italian). ''Oggi'' 1 February 1962</ref> The presentation o her German single "Heißer Sand" on 12 Mairch 1962 on [[Peter Kraus]]'s TV show caused a boom o 40,000 record sales in ten days in Germany.<ref>"Mina incide in tedesco" (In Italian). ''Musica e dischi'', 1 April 1962</ref> The record went tae #1 an spent ower hauf the year on the German chairts in 1962.<ref>[http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 Nummer-1-Singles 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160903/http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 |date=2014-07-14 }} RubyCon. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina haed sax mair singles on the German chairt in the next twa years.<ref name=german/> In a listeners' poll conductit in Julie 1962 in Germany, Austrick, an the German-speakin portion o Swisserland, Mina wis votit the maist popular sangster in the warld.<ref name=germania>"Mina ha conquistato la Germania", ("Mina has conquered Germany". In Italian). ''Grand Hotel'', 14 July 1962</ref> In Mey 1962, she performit in [[Buenos Aires]]. Meanwhile, her version o the [[Mambo (muisic)|mambo]] rhythm "[[Moliendo Café|Moliendo Cafe]]" an the [[surf pop]] "Renato" peakit at #1 an #4 respectively on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/> "L'eclisse twist" appeared on the flipside o "Renato", an wis uised on the soondtrack o [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]'s featur film ''[[Eclipse (1962 film)|Eclipse]]''. In 1963 Mina's TV an radio career wis interruptit bi [[RAI]], the Italian public broadcastin service, as she refused tae kiver up her relationship (an resultin pregnancy) wi the marriet actor [[:it:Corrado Pani|Corrado Pani]]. Mina's record sales wur unaffectit an due tae public demand, RAI endit the ban. On 10 Januar 1964 she returned tae the TV screen on the program ''La fiera dei sogni'', an performit the sang "Città vuota", a kiver o [[Gene McDaniels]]' "It's a Lonely Town (Lonely Without You)", which wis her first release on the RiFi label.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 La fiera dei sogni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506094726/http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 |date=2007-05-06 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 22 February 2008</ref><ref name=decoder>{{cite web|url=http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|title=Mina|publisher=Il decoder|date=25 March 2010|access-date=23 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413182246/http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> Her next single, "È l'uomo per me", a kiver o [[Jody Miller]]'s "He Walks Like a Man", became the biggest sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref name=singles/> Her new melodic manner<ref name="Mina nuova maniera">[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 Mina nuova maniera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031180311/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 |date=2006-10-31 }} Bella journal, 29 March 1964. In Italian</ref> wis demonstratit again on 11 Dizember 1964 TV program ''Il macchiettario'', whaur she performit "Io sono quel che sono" ("I Am What I Am"). A reminder o her previous adolescent image, her single "Suna ni kieta namida" ("Tears Disappear in the Sand"), sung in Japanese, peakit at #1 on the Japanese singles chairt an earned Mina the title o Best Internaitional Airtist in Japan.<ref name = fratarcangeli>F. Fratarcangeli, "Mina talk", Coniglio, 2005, p.87. In Italian</ref> The first episode o the ''Studio Uno'' live Seturday nicht series showcased Mina's new blond leuk wi shavit eyebrous.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 Studio Uno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094906/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The shows includit the bruidin sangs "Un bacio è troppo poco" ("One Kiss is Not Enough") an "Un anno d'amore" ("A Year of Love"),<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/a/anno_damore.htm Un anno d'amore] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> a kiver o [[Nino Ferrer]]'s "C'est irreparable".<ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/artist/21871 Artist: Nino Ferrer]. Secondhandsongs.com. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> In the same series she performit "Brava" ("Good"), a rhythmic jazz nummer specially written bi Bruno Canfora tae demonstrate the Mina's vocal range an performin skills.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her ''[[Studio Uno]]'' album toppit the Italian chairt that year. Her recordins o 1965 includit the [[scat singin|scattin]] performance o "Spirale Waltz", the theme sang for the film ''[[The 10th Victim]]''. ===Unthirldom (1966–1968)=== [[Maurizio Costanzo]] an Ghigo De Chiara wrote the leerics o "Se telefonando" ("If Over the Phone") as the theme for the TV program ''[[:it:Aria Condizionata|Aria condizionata]]'' in spring 1966.<ref name=telefonando>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_telefonando.htm|title=Se telefonando|publisher= Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> The leerics war componit in a daurk, [[Hal David]] mode.<ref name=cool/> The [[serialism|serialist]] componer [[Ennio Morricone]]<ref name=sibelius/> wis askit tae compone the muisic. Mina an the three sangwriters met in a RAI rehearsal room at Via Teulada, Roum. Morricone stairtit tae repeat a short muisical theme o juist three notes (bi his term a ''micro-cell'')<ref name=sibelius>[http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 Morricone, Ennio. Classical Music Library Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023917/http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 |date=2007-09-28 }} SibeliusMusic site. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> on an upricht [[piano]]. He haed copiet the snippet o melody frae the siren o a polis caur in [[Marseilles]]. Efter a few bars Mina grabbit the leerics sheet an stairtit tae sing as if she haed kent the tune afore. Componit in this wey, "Se telefonando" is a pop sang wi aicht transitions o [[tonality]] that builds tension throuoot the chorus.<ref name=callas/><ref name=telefonando /> Morricone's arrangement featurt a sophisticatit combination o melodic trumpet lines, [[Hal Blaine]]-style drummin, a string set, a 1960s [[Europop]] female choir, an intense subsonic-soondin trombones.<ref name=cool/> "Se telefonando" wis presentit in Mey 1966 in a ''Studio Uno'' episode an in August the same year at ''Aria condizionata''. The single peakit at #7 on the Italian chairt an wis 53rd in the annual leet o sales. The album ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' featurt the sang as ane o the staundoot tracks alang wi "Ta-ra-ta-ta" an "Una casa in cima al mondo". It wis the fift biggest sellin album o the year in Italy.<ref name=album>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it|title= Top annuali album|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|language=Italian|accessdate=30 July 2010}}</ref> In 1966, Mina stairtit wirkin wi the [[Radiotelevisione Svizzera di lingua Italiana|Swiss Broadcasting Service]] an the Orchestra Radiosa in Lugano. She foondit the [[independent record label]] [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]] in collaboration wi her faither. The first record issued unner the label wis ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (Dedicated to My Father). Mina's growin interest in Brazilian muisic resultit in "[[:it:La banda/Se c'è una cosa che mi fa impazzire|La banda]]" ("The Band"), a [[Chico Buarque]] sang, which reached #3 in Italy. Mina continued tae perform on Italian TV, an presentit "Zum zum zum" on the ware 1967 variety series ''Sabato sera'', accompaniet bi the [[NATO]] naval baund. The series includit "La coppia più bella del mondo" ("The Most Beautiful Couple in the World") an aw, a duet wi [[Adriano Celentano]]. The title o the sang "Sono, come tu mi vuoi" ("I Am, as You Want Me to Be") wis taken frae [[Luigi Pirandello]]'s play ''[[:it:Come tu mi vuoi|Come tu mi vuoi]]''. The leerics talk aboot the manic attention o the press on an airtist's private life.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/sono_come_tu_mi_vuoi.htm Sono come tu mi vuoi] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither hit frae ''Sabato sera'' wis "[[L'immensità]]" ("Immensity"), which wis re-scored bi [[:it:Augusto Martelli|Augusto Martelli]] an released as "La inmensidad" in Spain an Laitin American kintras.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/i/immensita.htm L'immensità]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> RAI broadcast the third episode o ''[[:it:Senza rete|Senza rete]]'' ("Unplugged") live on 18 Julie 1968 frae the Auditorio A o the corporation's regional heidquairters in [[Naples]].<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 Senza rete] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094847/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com site. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The program presentit Mina's homage tae [[Luigi Tenco]], who haed recently dee'd. She turned his sang "Se stasera sono qui" ("Should I Stay Here Tonight") intae a rigorous piece o [[soul muisic]]<ref name="Se stasera sono qui">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_stasera_sono_qui.htm Se stasera sono qui] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref> in the score o [[Pino Calvi]]. She celebratit the 10t anniversary o her career wi a concert at La Bussola, backit bi the Orchestra Augusto Martelli.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Mina-Mina-Alla-Bussola-Dal-Vivo/release/1353630 Mina Alla Bussola Dal Vivo] discogs. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The concert wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]''.<ref>[http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm Mina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623021519/http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}. Archivo RAI Uno site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ''[[:it:Canzonissima 1968|Canzonissima 1968]]'' wis a Seturday nicht [[prime time]] [[variety show]] that aired on [[Rai Uno]] frae September 1968 tae Januar 1969. It wis hostit bi Mina, [[Walter Chiari]] an [[Paolo Panelli]].<ref name="Zum zum zum">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/zumzum/zumzum.htm Zum zum zum] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> The orchestrations wur scored bi the conductors Bruno Canfora an Augusto Martelli. "Sacumdì Sacumdà", Mina's talkin an laughin version o Carlos Imperial's [[bossa nova]] "Nem Vem Que Não Tem", narraely escapit a ban bi RAI acause o its irreverent leerics. The sang wis performit as pairt o a muisical fantasy, back tae back wi "Quelli che hanno un cuore", her intense version o "[[:en:Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)|Anyone Who Had a Heart]]".<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch681220.htm Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither interpretation o a [[Dionne Warwick]] sang wis "La voce del silenzio" ("Silent Voices") bi Paolo Limiti an Elio Isola, presentit in a live session durin the show.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> "Niente di niente" ("Nothing at All") wis her version o [[the Delfonics]]' "Break Your Promise". The series includit the sangs "Fantasia", "La musica è finita" ("The Music is Over") an the elegant "Un colpo al cuore" ("Heart Attack") an aw. "Un colpo al cuore" endit up as #68 on the best-sellin singles chairt for that year in Italy.<ref name="annual1968">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|title=I singoli più venduti del 1968 (Biggest-selling singles of 1968)|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192124/http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each show wis closed bi Mina singin "Vorrei che fosse amore" ("Wish It Was Love"), a piece o atmospheric muisic bi [[Bruno Canfora]] that wis #50 on the best-sellin singles chairt for 1968 in Italy.<ref name=annual1968/> A selection o sangs frae the series wur issued as the album ''[[Canzonissima '68]]''.<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968"/> ===Mogol-Battisti (1969–1973)=== Efter a break o three month, Mina returned an recordit the sang "Non credere" ("Disbelieve"), componit bi Luigi Clausetti an Pietro Soffici, wi leerics bi [[Mogol (leericist)|Mogol]], in Apryle.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 A che gioco giochiamo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094919/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The single became the third biggest-sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1969.htm I singoli più venduti del 1969]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mogol an his fellae componer [[Lucio Battisti]], alang wi the [[Premiata Forneria Marconi]] on back-up instrumentals, wirkit wi Mina on several sangs as a result o the success o "Non credere". The team producit a set o sangs includin "[[:it:Io e te da soli / Credi|Io e te da soli]]" ("You and Me Alone"), "Insieme" ("Together"), "Amor mio" ("Love of Mine"), "Io vivrò senza te" ("I'll Live without You"),<ref name=decoder/><ref name=frieze>{{cite journal|url= http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|title= Jaki Irvine|journal= [[Frieze magazine|frieze]]|volume= 56|year= 2001|access-date= 2013-08-27|archive-date= 2015-09-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043149/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|url-status= dead}}</ref> "[[:it:E penso a te (Lucio Battisti)|E penso a te]]" ("And I Think of You"). Ane o the first introductions o the new repertoire wis the ''Senza rete'' live televisit concert frae the Auditorio A in Naples on 20 Januar 1970. The material providit bi Mogol-Battisti wis the core for five albums. Amang thaim, ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' wis Mina's first unthirlt album tae reach #1 o the weekly Italian chairts an wis the biggest sellin album o 1969 in Italy. [[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|''...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...'']] wis seivent on the annual record chairt o 1970. ''[[Del mio meglio]]...'' (''My Best...'') wis seicont in 1971. ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' wis the biggest seller o 1972. The latter twa albums wur recordit durin a break frae live performances tae gie birth tae her dochter [[:it:Benedetta Mazzini|Benedetta]]. Mina's comeback teuk place at RAI's variety series ''Teatro 10'' in ware 1972. Ane o the heichlichts o the series wis a selection o Battisti's sangs performit in duet wi the composer. The shows includit "Balada para mi muerte" ("Ode to My Death") an aw, a [[nuevo tango]] duet wi [[Ástor Piazzolla]] at the [[bandoneón]], backit bi the Argentine group [[Conjunto 9]]. "[[Grande grande grande]]", arrangit bi [[Pino Presti]],<ref>''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' by Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998)</ref> wis the seicont biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy. The successes encouragit Enrico Riccardi tae copy Battisti's style in Riccardi's composition "Fiume azzurro", which earned anither place in the tap 100 o annual record sales in Italy.<ref name=azzurro>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/f/fiume_azzurro.htm Fiume azzurro] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The feenal nummer o the aicht ''Teatro 10'' episodes wis "[[Parole parole]]" ("Words Words"), a duet wi [[Alberto Lupo]]. The sang is an [[easy listenin]] dialogue atween Mina's singin an Lupo's declamation. The leerics' theme are hollae wirds. Thir intertwine the lady's lamentation o the end o luve an the lees she haes tae hear wi the male protagonist's [[recitation]]. In the dialog she scoffs at the compliments he gies her, cawin thaim ''parole'' – juist wirds. The single wis released in Apryle 1972 an toppit the Italian chairts. It wis covered bi numerous Italian an French duets.<ref name=parole>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/p/parole_parole.htm Parole parole] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina said she wad be reteerin frae public appearances efter an exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September. Thoosans o fowk turned up at the nichtclub's doorstep.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 Mina e l'orchestra live '72] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507213141/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 |date=2007-05-07 }} Lele Cerri. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch721001.htm Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref><ref name="La Bussola">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/storie/luoghi/bussola/bussola.htm La Bussola] Galleriadellacanzone.it. In Italian. Retrieved 1 September 2007</ref> [[Gianni Ferrio]]'s Orchestra featurt Gianni Basso on tenor saxophone an Oscar Valdambrini on trumpet.<ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972"/> Mina lost her husband Virgilio Crocco in a caur accident in 1973. She continued her career wi the tap Italian chairt hits "E poi..." ("And Then...") an "L'importante è finire" ("It's Important to Finish"). She recordit the theme sang "Fa presto, fa piano" ("Works Quickly, Works Quietly") for the film ''[[:it:La sculacciata|La sculacciata]]'', issued in 1974. ===Syne 1974=== Mina's last live TV appearance wis the feenal episode o the ''Milleluci'' series on 16 Mairch 1974. Mina wis the hostess o the series alangside [[Raffaella Carrà]]. Durin the series, she splored different muisical styles in the sangs "[[I Don't Know How to Love Him]]", "[[Mack the Knife]]", "[[Night and Day (sang)|Night and Day]]", and "[[Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)]]". Efter "Non gioco più" ("The Game Is Over"), a blues duet wi the [[harmonica]] player [[Toots Thielemans]], Mina annooncit her athdrawal frae public performances.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/n/non_gioco_piu.htm Non gioco piu] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. 25 May 2010</ref> Her last appearance on TV wis her performance o "Ancora ancora ancora". The video wis the feenal nummer o the "Mille e una luce" show on 1 Julie 1978.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni70/schede/ancora/ancora.htm Ancora ancora ancora] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 28 June 2007</ref> Her last concert appearances, a series o thirteen fully beukit concerts at La Bussola in 1978, wur cut short due tae her illness. Mina gae her last public performance on 23 August 1978 at the Bussoladomani theatre backit bi the Orchestra Pino Presti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |title=Sorrisi e Canzoni TV - Mina live! 23 agosto 1978 |publisher=Archivio.sorrisi.com |date=25 August 2003 |accessdate=5 April 2012 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328095541/http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina Live '78]]''.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora"/> Mina continued tae release albums on a yearly basis wi her son [[:it:Massimiliano Pani|Massimiliano Pani]] as the producer. Atween 1972 an 1995, she publisht a dooble album each year. Frae 1973, her LPs an CDs hae been characterisit bi airtistic motifs o the designers Luciano Tallarini, Gianni Ronco an the photographer Mauro Balletti. Frae the mid-1980s, the design o the album covers wis trustit tae Balletti alane. Aw o Mina's records unner the PDU label hae reached the Italian Tap 100. A lairge pairt o her wirk haes consistit o coverin well-kent sangs; she haes dedicatit tribute albums tae [[The Beatles]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Renato Zero]], [[Domenico Modugno]], the [[Napoli (album)|Neapolitan sang]], an [[releegious muisic]]. Efter leavin the stage, her greatest chairt successes hae been duets. In 1985, "Questione di feeling", a duet wi [[Riccardo Cocciante]], wis the 13t biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy an became an ivergreen (as a hit song is cried in Europe). The duet album ''[[Mina Celentano]]'', recordit wi [[Adriano Celentano]], wis the biggest-sellin album o 1998 in Italy. Stairtin in 1989, aw o her records includit the jazzy piano playin o [[Danilo Rea]]. The break in Mina's TV appearances lastit till 2001, when she released fuitage o her recordin sessions. The videos wur broadcastit ower the [[WIND (Italy)|Wind]] internet steid on 30 Mairch. This resultit in millions o visits tae the steid on that nicht, an addeetional millions on follaein days. The fuitage wis released as the DVD ''Mina in Studio''. Efter the event, Mina's singles stairtit tae chairt in Italy again. The track "Succhiando l'uva" (2002), written for her bi [[Zucchero]], peakit at #3 on the chairt. Mina's kiver o "Don't call me baby [[Can't Take My Eyes Off You|(Can't take my eyes off you)]]" (2003) reached #4 in Italy. The single "Alibi" (2007) reached #6 in Italy. The triple CD ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' reached #1 on the Italian chairts. Sae did ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999), ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002), ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) and ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]''. Mina's later releases hae includit duets wi [[Mick Hucknall]], [[Fabrizio De André]], [[Piero Pelù]], [[Adriano Celentano]], [[Lucio Dalla]], [[Joan Manuel Serrat]], [[Chico Buarque]], [[Tiziano Ferro]], [[Giorgia Todrani|Giorgia]] an [[Seal (sangster)|Seal]]. In recent years, Mina haes been writin a weekly column on the front page o ''[[La Stampa]]'' an a page in the Italian edeetion o the magazine ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', whaur she answers fan letters.<ref name=wong/> ==Discografie== {{Main 2|Mina discografie|Leet o Mina sangs}} {{MultiCol}} * ''[[Tintarella di luna]]'' (1960) * ''[[Il cielo in una stanza]]'' (1960) * ''[[Due note]]'' (1961) * ''[[Moliendo café]]'' (1962) * ''[[Renato (album)|Renato]]'' (1962) * ''[[Stessa spiaggia, stesso mare]]'' (1963) * ''[[20 successi di Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina (1964 album)|Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina Nº 7]]'' (1964) * ''[[Studio Uno]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina interpretata da Mina]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina & Gaber: un'ora con loro]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina canta Napoli]]'' (1966) * ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' (1966) * ''[[Mina 2]]'' (1966) * ''[[Sabato sera - Studio Uno '67]]'' (1967) * ''[[4 anni di successi]]'' (1967) * ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (1967) * ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]'' (1968) * ''[[Le più belle canzoni italiane interpretate da Mina]]'' (1968) * ''[[Canzonissima '68]]'' (1968) * ''[[I discorsi]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina for You]]'' (1969) * ''[[Incontro con Mina]]'' (1969) * ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina canta o Brasil]]'' (1970) * ''[[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...]]'' (1970) * ''[[Del mio meglio]]'' (1971) * ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' (1971) * ''[[Cinquemilaquarantatre]]'' (1972) * ''[[Dalla Bussola]]'' (1972) * ''[[Altro (album)|Altro]]'' (1972) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 2]]'' (1973) * ''[[Frutta e verdura]]'' (1973) * ''[[Amanti di valore]]'' (1973) * ''evergreens'' (1974) * ''[[Mina®]]'' (1974) * ''[[Baby Gate (album)|Baby Gate]]'' (1974) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 3]]'' (1975) * ''[[La Mina]]'' (1975) * ''[[Minacantalucio]]'' (1975) * ''[[Singolare]]'' (1976) * ''[[Plurale]]'' (1976) * ''Del mio meglio n. 4'' (1977) * ''Mina quasi Jannacci'' (1977) * ''Mina con Bignè'' (1977) * ''di tanto in tanto'' (1978) * ''[[Mina Live '78]]'' (1978) * ''Del mio meglio n. 5'' (1979) * ''[[Attila (album)|Attila]]'' (1979) * ''[[Kyrie (album)|Kyrie]]'' (1980) * ''Del mio meglio n. 6 Live'' (1981) * ''Salomè'' (1981) * ''Italiana'' (1982) * ''Del mio meglio n. 7'' (1983) * ''Mina 25'' (1983) {{ColBreak}} * ''[[Catene (album)|Catene]]'' (1984) * ''Del mio meglio n. 8'' (1985) * ''Finalmente ho conosciuto il conte Dracula...'' (1985) * ''[[Si, buana]]'' (1986) * ''Del mio meglio n. 9'' (1987) * ''[[Rane supreme]]'' (1987) * ''[[Oggi ti amo di più]]'' (1988) * ''[[Ridi pagliaccio vol. 1-2|Ridi pagliaccio]]'' (1988) * ''Uiallalla'' (1989) * ''Ti conosco mascherina'' (1990) * ''[[Caterpillar (Mina album)|Caterpillar]]'' (1991) * ''Sorelle Lumière'' (1992) * ''Mina canta i Beatles'' (1993) * ''[[Lochness vol. 1-2|Lochness]]'' (1993) * ''Mazzini canta Battisti'' (1994) * ''[[Canarino mannaro]]'' (1994) * ''Pappa di latte'' (1995) * ''Canzoni d'autore'' (1996) * ''[[Cremona (album)|Cremona]]'' (1996) * ''[[Napoli (album)|Napoli]]'' (1996) * ''Minantologia'' (1997) * ''[[Leggera]]'' (1997) * ''Mina Gold'' (1998) * ''Mina Sanremo'' (1998) * ''[[Mina Celentano]]'' (1998) * ''Mina Studio Collection'' (1998) * ''Mina Gold 2'' (1999) * ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999) * ''[[Mina n° 0]]'' (1999) * ''Mina per Wind'' (2000) * ''Mina Love Collection'' (2000) * ''[[Dalla terra]]'' (2000) * ''Colección latina'' (2001) * ''[[Sconcerto]]'' (2001) * ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002) * ''In duo'' (2003) * ''[[Napoli secondo estratto]]'' (2003) * ''Napoli primo, secondo e terzo estratto'' (2003) * ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' (2004) * ''Una Mina d'amore'' (2004) * ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) * ''[[L'allieva]]'' (2005) * ''Platinum Collection 2'' (2006) * ''Ti amo...'' (2006) * ''[[Bau (album)|Bau]]'' (2006) * ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]'' (2007) * ''Sulla tua bocca lo dirò'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina straniera'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina con archi'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - La calma'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Per quando ti amo'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina Cover'' (2009) * ''[[Facile]]'' (2009) * ''Caramella'' (2010) * ''Piccola streenna'' (2010) * ''Piccolino'' (2011) * ''12 (American song book)'' (2012) {{EndMultiCol}} ==Filmografie== * ''Juke box - Urli d'amore'' (1959) * ''Teddy Boys della canzone'' (1960) * ''Urlatori alla sbarra'' (1960) * ''Madri pericolose'' (1960) * ''Io bacio... tu baci'' (1961) * ''Mina... fuori la guardia'' (1961) * ''Das haben die Mädchen gern'' (1962) * ''Appuntamento in Riviera'' (1962) * ''Silvester Show'' (1964) * ''Per amore... per magia...'' (1967) ===DVD=== Mina signed a contract wi the [[Barilla Group|Barilla]] fuid label in 1965 an starred in ten pasta commercials bi 1971, directit bi [[Piero Gherardi]] an [[Valerio Zurlini]] amang ithers. In 2005, Mina's performances in ads for Barilla wur publisht on VHS an DVD as ''Nei caroselli Barilla''. The exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September 1972 wis released bi the PDU record company as ''Mina alla Bussola Live '72''. Recordit bi Polivideo TV company, the event wis aired on [[Sky Italia]] as a series frae 1 tae 21 Januar 1973. ==Bibliografie== * ''Mina, come sono'' bi Gianni Pettenati (Virgilio 1980) * ''Mina, la voce'' bi Mario Guarino (Forte 1983) * ''Unicamente Mina'' bi Flavio Merkel and Paolo Belluso (Gammalibri 1983) * ''La leggendaria Mina'' (PDU Italiana Edizioni Musicali S.r.l./Curci 1983) * ''Mina. Storia di un mito raccontato'' bi Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986) * ''Mina nelle fotografie di Mauro Balletti'' (Campanotto 1990) * ''Mina - Le immagini e la storia di un mito'' (Eden 1992) * ''Mina - Mito e mistero'' bi Nino Romano (Sperling & Kupfer 1996) * ''Mina - I miti'' bi Antonella Giola, Daniela Teruzzi & Gherardo Gentili (Arnoldo Mondadori 1997) * ''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' bi Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998) * ''Divina Mina'' bi Dora Giannetti (Zelig 1998) * ''Mina'' bi Roberta Maresci (Gremese 1998) * ''Mina - Una forza incantatrice'' bi Franco Fabbri & Luigi Pestalozza (eds. Euresis 1998) * ''Mina - La sua vita, i suoi successi'' bi Gianni Lucini (Sonzogno 1999) * ''Mina, il mito'' (Tempo Libro 1999) * ''Studio Mina'' bi Flaviano De Luca (ed. Elle U Multimedia 1999) * ''Mina disegnata fotografata'' -Authors' copyright- 2001 * ''Mina: Gli anni Italdisc 1959–1964'' bi Marco Castiglioni, Fulvio Fiore, Maurizio Maiotti, Stefania Fiore, Barbara Alari an Maurizio Maiotti (Satisfaction 2001) * ''Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme'' bi Marcello Bufacchi (Riuniti 2005) * ''Mina talk. Vent'anni di interviste. 1959–1979'' bi Fernando Fratarcangeli (Coniglio 2005) * ''Mina... il fascino della tigre'' bi Ghea Irene (Lo Vecchio 2006) ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{IMDb name|0590869|Mina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mina}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:Italian female sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters]] [[Category:German-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Japanese-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Busto Arsizio]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cremona]] [[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]] obtafxz3nplnhwa6ipv84zwvwtp1lym 919095 919094 2026-07-09T23:35:35Z IvanScrooge98 29685 /* */ 919095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox muisical airtist | name = Mina | image = Mina Epoca 1972.jpg | caption = Mina in 1972 | image_size = | alias = Baby Gate, Mina Mazzini | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Mina Anna Mazzini | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1940|03|25|df=yes}} | birth_place =[[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]], Italy | death_date = | death_place = | origin = [[Cremona]], Lombardy, Italy | genre = [[Pop muisic|Pop]], [[Rock muisic|Rock]], [[Italian popular muisic|Musica Leggera]],<br> [[Blues]], [[Jazz]], [[Europop|Euro-Pop]],<br> [[Rhythm an Blues]], [[Canzone Napoletana]],<br> [[Bossa nova]], [[Dance muisic|Dance]] | occupation = Sangster | years_active = 1958–present | label = [[:it:Italdisc|Italdisc]], [[:it:Ri-Fi|Ri-Fi]], [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]], [[EMI]] | associated_acts = [[Lucio Battisti]], [[Bruno Canfora]], [[Adriano Celentano]],<br> [[Gianni Ferrio]], [[Giorgio Gaber]], Augusto Martelli,<br> [[Pino Presti]] | website = [http://www.minamazzini.com/ www.minamazzini.com] }} '''Mina Anna Mazzini''', <small>[[OMRI]]</small><ref>[https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/48984 MAZZINI, Sig.ra Mina Anna]. ''quirinale.it''. In Italian</ref> (born 25 Mairch 1940), kent professionally as '''Mina''', is ane o the maist successfu Italian sangsters o aw time. She wis a staple o Italian telly variety shaws<ref name=carrera>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1hVfHLOGAxwC&pg=PA325&dq=Folk+music+and+popular+song+from+the+nineteenth+century+to+the+1990s&ei=ZcusS9e1Hqq2zQSnrKwe&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Folk%20music%20and%20popular%20song%20from%20the%20nineteenth%20century%20to%20the%201990s&f=false|first=Alessandro|last= Carrera|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|editor=Zygmunt Guido Baranski, Rebecca J. West|title=The Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture| chapter=Folk music and popular song from the nineteenth century to the 1990s|pages=325–336|year=2001}}</ref> an a dominant figur in Italian pop muisic frae the mid-1960s tae mid-1970s,<ref name=biography/> kent fur her three-octave [[vocal reenge]],<ref name=callas>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|author=Rina Gagliardi|title=Mina, una stella come la Callas|language=it|publisher=Confederazione Democratica Lavoratori Sammarinesi|date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719060122/http://www.cdls.sm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=32:approfondimenti&id=3478:mina-una-stella-come-la-callas|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> the agility o her [[soprano]] vyce,<ref name=callas/> an her image as an [[Feminism|emancipatit wumman]].<ref name=feminista>{{cite news|title=Mina, la prima femminista (anche se non lo sapeva)|trans-title=Mina, the first feminist (although she didn't know that)|language=it|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|newspaper=Corriere della Sera|author=Maria Luisa Agnese|page=36|date=26 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917000859/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/marzo/26/Mina_prima_femminista_anche_non_co_8_100326047.shtml|archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> In performance, Mina combined seevral modren styles wi tradeetional Italian melodies an [[swing muisic]], that makkit her the maist versatile pop sangster in [[Muisic o Italy|Italian muisic]].<ref name=carrera/> Mina dominatit the Italian chairts fur fifteen years an reached an unsurpassed level o popularity in Italy.<ref name=biography/> She haes scored [[Mina discografie|77 album an 71 single]] on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/><ref name=album/> Mina's TV appearances in 1959 wur the furst fur a female [[rock an roll]] sangster in Italy. Her loud syncopatit singin earned her the elk-name ''Queen o Screamers''.<ref name=cool>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501210836/http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|url=http://www.catalog-of-cool.com/newdigssounds.html|title=Sounds: New Digs. Catalog of Cool|archive-date=1 May 2008 }}</ref> The public labeled her the ''Teeger o [[Cremona]]'' fur her wild gestures an bouk shaks an aw. Whan she turned tae licht [[tradeetional pop muisic|pop tunes]], Mina's chairt-toppers in [[Wast Germany]] in 1962 an [[Japan]] in 1964 earned her the title o the best internaitional airtist in thir kintras.<ref name=german>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|title=Chartverfolgung / Mina / Single|publisher=Music Line|language=de|access-date=5 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215050/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Mina/single|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=germania/><ref name = fratarcangeli/> Mina's mair refined sensual manner wis introducit in 1960 wi [[Gino Paoli]]'s ballad "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|This World We Love In]]", that chairtit on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 1961. Mina wis banned frae Italian TV an radio in 1963 acause her pregnancy an relationship wi a marriet actor did no accord wi the dominant [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] an [[bourgeois]] [[morals]].<ref name=ninoromano>Mina. Storia di un mito by Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986)</ref> Efter the ban, the Italian braidcastin service [[RAI]] tree'd tae continue tae prohibit her sangs, that wis fortricht in dealin wi subjecks sic as releegion, smokin an sex.<ref name=ninoromano/> Mina's [[Ceul (aesthetic)|ceul]] ack combined [[sex appeal]] wi public [[:en:Smoking in Italy|smokin]], [[hair colorin|dyed]] blond hair, an shavit [[eyebrous]] tae creaut a "bad girl" image.<ref name = cool/> Mina's vyce haes distinctive [[timbre]] an great pouer.<ref name=canzone>[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/coriandoli/coriandoli.htm Coriandoli]. Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name=tintarella>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/t/tintarella_di_luna.htm Tintarella di Luna] Hit Parade Italia</ref> Her main themes are anguisht luve stories performit in heich dramatic tones. The sangster combined clessic Italian pop wi elements o [[blues]], [[R&B]] an [[soul muisic]] durin the late 1960s,<ref name="Se stasera sono qui"/> inspecially whan she wirkit in collaboration wi componer [[Lucio Battisti]]. Tap Italian sangwriters creatit material wi lairge vocal ranges an unuisual [[chord progression]]s tae shawcase her singin skeels, pairticulairly "Brava" bi [[Bruno Canfora]] (1965) an the pseudo-[[serialism|serial]] "Se telefonando" bi [[Ennio Morricone]] (1966). The latter sang wis kivered bi seevral performers abraid. [[Shirley Bassey]] carriet Mina's ballad "[[Grande grande grande]]" tae chairts in the U.S., U.K., an ither Inglis-speakin kintras in 1973. Mina's [[easy listenin]] duet "[[Parole parole]]" wis turned intae a warldwide hit bi [[Dalida]] an [[Alain Delon]] in 1974. Mina gae up public appearances in 1978 an haes continued tae lowse popular albums on a yearly basis tae the present day. ==Life an career== ===Early life=== Anna Maria Mazzini<ref name=sanremo>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o1HE8o8RTXgC&oi=fnd&pg=IA1&dq=mina+sanremo&ots=1KVt7RbIYV&sig=wxITaWHy4YImDGiKB-3mTv_9h3o|author= Marcello Giannotti|year=2001|title=L'enciclopedia di Sanremo (Encyclopedia of Sanremo)|language=Italian|publisher=Gremese|location= Rome, Italy}}</ref><ref name=svizzera>{{cite news|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1989/11/07/da-ieri-mina-diventata-cittadina-svizzera.html|newspaper=[[la Repubblica]]|title=Da ieri Mina e' diventata cittadina svizzera (Yesterday Mina acquired Swiss citizenship)|language=it|date=7 November 1989}}</ref> wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Busto Arsizio]], [[Lombardy]].<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> The faimily muivit tae wirk in [[Cremona]] in her bairnheid. She listened tae American rock an roll an jazz records an wis a frequent visitor at the Santa Tecla an the Taverna Messicana clubs o [[Milan]], baith kent for promotin rock an roll.<ref name=toscana>{{cite web|url=http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055544/http://www.toscanamusiche.it/annidimusica.php?mod=annidimusica_anni60|title= Senti questa chitarra... Gli Anni '60|publisher=Toscana musiche|access-date=25 May 2010|language=it}}</ref> Efter feenishing heich schuil in 1958, she attendit college whaur she majored in accoontin.<ref name="Mina. Biografia">[http://www.musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm Mina. Biografia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630063619/http://musicalstore.it/INTERPRETI/MINA-BIOGRAFIA%20.htm |date=2017-06-30 }}. Musicalstore.it site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ===Queen o Screamers (1958–1961)=== While on simmer holiday in [[Versilia]] on 8 August 1958, Mazzini gae an improvisit performance o the sang "Un'anima tra le mani" to amuis her faimily efter a concert at the [[:it:Bussola Versilia|La Bussola]] nicht club.<ref name=biography>{{cite web|url=http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|title=Biography of Mina|accessdate=25 May 2010|publisher=Rai International Online|archive-date=2011-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000428/http://www.italica.rai.it/eng/principal/topics/bio/mina.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wong>{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Theresa|title=Here's Mina for you|url=http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|publisher=Art Practical|date=11 April 2010|access-date=30 July 2010|archive-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330062915/http://www.artpractical.com/feature/heres_mina_for_you/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Durin the follaein nichts, Sergio Bernardini, the awner o the club, held her back in her attempts tae get back on stage.<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12">P.Belluso-F.Merkel, Unicamente Mina, Gammalibri 1983, p.12</ref> In September, she stairtit her solo career wi the backin o the baund Happy Boys.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her concert in September 1958, afore an audience o 2,500 fowk at the Theatre o [[Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti|Rivarolo del Re]], wan enthusiastic approval frae local creetics.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 Rivarolo del Re, 24 settembre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031143955/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=1 |date=2006-10-31 }} La Provincia newspaper, 24 September. In Italian. Retrieved 3 July 2007</ref> She suin signed wi Davide Matalon, awner o the smaw record company Italdisc. Her first single, "Non partir"/"Malatia", wis producit unner the stage name Mina for the Italian audience. Simultaneously, "[[Be Bop A Lula]]"/"When" wis issued unner the name ''Baby Gate'' for the internaitional audience. ''Baby'' wis chosen as a contrast tae her 178&nbsp;cm hicht (5&nbsp;ft 10 in) — exceptionally taw for an Italian wumman — an ''Gate'' as a tribute tae [[The Golden Gate Quartet]].<ref name="P.Belluso-F 1983, p.12"/><ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/finti.htm Guai ai finiti]. Maurizio Targa. Hit Parade Italia</ref> In Dizember, her performance at the [[:it:Sei giorni della canzone|Sei giorni della canzone festival]] o [[Milan]] wis describit bi the ''[[:it:La Notte|La Notte]]'' newspaper as the "birth o a starn".<ref>Guido Gerosa [http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 Nascono le stelle a Porta Garibaldi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031173332/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=4 |date=2006-10-31 }} [Birth of a star at Porta Garibaldi]. La Notte. 2 December 1958. In Italian</ref> It wis Mina's last performance wi the Happy Boys, as her faimily refused tae let her skip college for a scheduled tour o Turkey. Less nor a month efter the breakup wi her previous baund, Mina co-foondit a new group cried Solitari, which consistit o a sangster, a saxophonist, a pianist, a contrabassist, an a guitarist. Her first hit wi the baund featurt Mina performit an extra-loud, syncopatit version o the popular [[swing muisic|swing]] sang "Nessuno" ("Nobody"), which she performit at the first rock festival in the Milan Ice Palace in Februar 1959.<ref>Marcello Bufacchi, Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme, Riuniti 2005, p.13. In Italian</ref><ref>T.Crotti, G.Bassi, "Mina prima di Mina", Rizzoli Editore, 2007, p.64. In Italian</ref><ref name="Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni50/schede/nessuno/tv.htm Nessuno. In TV esplode Mina]. Galleria della canzone site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> Performances o the sang on the TV [[gemme show]]s ''[[Lascia o raddoppia?]]'' an ''Il musichiere'' on 1 Mairch an 4 Apryle wur hailed bi Italian creetics. The starlet signed wi Elio Gigante, an experiencit airtist manager. In the follaein years, he organisit her performances in the grand ballrooms o Italy.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her first Italian #1 hit wis the up-tempo "Tintarella di luna" ("Moon Tan") in September 1959, which wis performit in her first ''[[musicarello]]'' (muisical comedy film), ''Juke box - Urli d'amore''. In late 1959, Matalon haed her drop the name Baby Gate in favour o Mina. ===Growin up (1960–1965)=== The next year, when Mina teuk pairt in the [[Sanremo Muisic Festival|Festival della canzone italiana]] in [[Sanremo]] wi twa sangs, she turned tae slow emotional luve sangs for the first time. The sang "È vero" ("It's True") reached #8 on the Italian chairts.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1960.htm Sanremo 1960 (10a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> [[Gino Paoli]]'s sang "[[:en:Il cielo in una stanza (song)|Il cielo in una stanza]]" ("The Sky in a Room") markit the beginnin o the young sangster's transformation frae a rock an roll shrieker tae a feminine inspiration for [[cantautori]].<ref name="Il cielo in una stanza">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/c/cielo_in_una_stanza.htm Il cielo in una stanza]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The idea for the sang "Luve can grow at ony moment at ony place" haed come tae Paoli while lyin on a bed an leukin at the purpie ceilin.<ref>[http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm Paolo Grugni. Canzoni sempreverdi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002005/http://www.madrepennuta.it/novit%C3%A02.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Madrepennuta.it. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The single toppit the leet o annual sales in Italy<ref name=singles>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it| title=Top Annuali Singles| publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> an reached the Billboard Hot 100<ref name=cool/> as "This World We Love In". Video performances o the sang wur includit in the muisicarellos ''Io bacio... tu baci'' an ''Appuntamento a Ischia'', an in 1990, in the [[:en:Goodfellas (soundtrack)|soondtrack]] o the film ''Goodfellas''. At the 1961 Sanremo sang festival, Mina performit twa sangs. "Io amo, tu ami" ("A Luve, You Luve") feenisht fowert an "Le mille bolle blu" ("A Thoosan Blue Bubbles") placit fift.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/sanremo/edizioni/1961.htm Sanremo 1961 (11a Edizione)]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Disappointit wi thir results, Mina declared her intention o niver performin at the Sanremo sang festival again. As her sangs an movies wur awready popular abroad, Mina stairtit tae tour Spain an Japan,<ref>"Banzai Mina! Bentornata Mina!". Musica E Dischi. 25 June 1961. In Italian</ref> and performed on Venezuelan TV in 1961.<ref>"Mina ha stregato il Venezuela". ''Gente'' 25 August 1961In Italian.</ref> Mina performit on Spainyie TV an at the [[Paris Olympia]] haw at the beginnin o 1962.<ref>"Mina ha conquistato dal vivo gli spagnoli" (In Italian). ''Oggi'' 1 February 1962</ref> The presentation o her German single "Heißer Sand" on 12 Mairch 1962 on [[Peter Kraus]]'s TV show caused a boom o 40,000 record sales in ten days in Germany.<ref>"Mina incide in tedesco" (In Italian). ''Musica e dischi'', 1 April 1962</ref> The record went tae #1 an spent ower hauf the year on the German chairts in 1962.<ref>[http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 Nummer-1-Singles 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160903/http://www.rubycon.de/musicbox/charts1.php?Medium=Single&Jahr=1962 |date=2014-07-14 }} RubyCon. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina haed sax mair singles on the German chairt in the next twa years.<ref name=german/> In a listeners' poll conductit in Julie 1962 in Germany, Austrick, an the German-speakin portion o Swisserland, Mina wis votit the maist popular sangster in the warld.<ref name=germania>"Mina ha conquistato la Germania", ("Mina has conquered Germany". In Italian). ''Grand Hotel'', 14 July 1962</ref> In Mey 1962, she performit in [[Buenos Aires]]. Meanwhile, her version o the [[Mambo (muisic)|mambo]] rhythm "[[Moliendo Café|Moliendo Cafe]]" an the [[surf pop]] "Renato" peakit at #1 an #4 respectively on the Italian chairts.<ref name=singles/> "L'eclisse twist" appeared on the flipside o "Renato", an wis uised on the soondtrack o [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]'s featur film ''[[Eclipse (1962 film)|Eclipse]]''. In 1963 Mina's TV an radio career wis interruptit bi [[RAI]], the Italian public broadcastin service, as she refused tae kiver up her relationship (an resultin pregnancy) wi the marriet actor [[:it:Corrado Pani|Corrado Pani]]. Mina's record sales wur unaffectit an due tae public demand, RAI endit the ban. On 10 Januar 1964 she returned tae the TV screen on the program ''La fiera dei sogni'', an performit the sang "Città vuota", a kiver o [[Gene McDaniels]]' "It's a Lonely Town (Lonely Without You)", which wis her first release on the RiFi label.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 La fiera dei sogni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506094726/http://www.minamazzini.com/televisione/?ce=69 |date=2007-05-06 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 22 February 2008</ref><ref name=decoder>{{cite web|url=http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|title=Mina|publisher=Il decoder|date=25 March 2010|access-date=23 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413182246/http://www.ildecoder.com/elenco/M/MINA=032010.html|archive-date=13 April 2010}}</ref> Her next single, "È l'uomo per me", a kiver o [[Jody Miller]]'s "He Walks Like a Man", became the biggest sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref name=singles/> Her new melodic manner<ref name="Mina nuova maniera">[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 Mina nuova maniera] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031180311/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=60&id=56 |date=2006-10-31 }} Bella journal, 29 March 1964. In Italian</ref> wis demonstratit again on 11 Dizember 1964 TV program ''Il macchiettario'', whaur she performit "Io sono quel che sono" ("I Am What I Am"). A reminder o her previous adolescent image, her single "Suna ni kieta namida" ("Tears Disappear in the Sand"), sung in Japanese, peakit at #1 on the Japanese singles chairt an earned Mina the title o Best Internaitional Airtist in Japan.<ref name = fratarcangeli>F. Fratarcangeli, "Mina talk", Coniglio, 2005, p.87. In Italian</ref> The first episode o the ''Studio Uno'' live Seturday nicht series showcased Mina's new blond leuk wi shavit eyebrous.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 Studio Uno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094906/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=79 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The shows includit the bruidin sangs "Un bacio è troppo poco" ("One Kiss is Not Enough") an "Un anno d'amore" ("A Year of Love"),<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/a/anno_damore.htm Un anno d'amore] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> a kiver o [[Nino Ferrer]]'s "C'est irreparable".<ref>[http://www.secondhandsongs.com/artist/21871 Artist: Nino Ferrer]. Secondhandsongs.com. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> In the same series she performit "Brava" ("Good"), a rhythmic jazz nummer specially written bi Bruno Canfora tae demonstrate the Mina's vocal range an performin skills.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> Her ''[[Studio Uno]]'' album toppit the Italian chairt that year. Her recordins o 1965 includit the [[scat singin|scattin]] performance o "Spirale Waltz", the theme sang for the film ''[[The 10th Victim]]''. ===Unthirldom (1966–1968)=== [[Maurizio Costanzo]] an Ghigo De Chiara wrote the leerics o "Se telefonando" ("If Over the Phone") as the theme for the TV program ''[[:it:Aria Condizionata|Aria condizionata]]'' in spring 1966.<ref name=telefonando>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_telefonando.htm|title=Se telefonando|publisher= Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian}}</ref> The leerics war componit in a daurk, [[Hal David]] mode.<ref name=cool/> The [[serialism|serialist]] componer [[Ennio Morricone]]<ref name=sibelius/> wis askit tae compone the muisic. Mina an the three sangwriters met in a RAI rehearsal room at Via Teulada, Roum. Morricone stairtit tae repeat a short muisical theme o juist three notes (bi his term a ''micro-cell'')<ref name=sibelius>[http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 Morricone, Ennio. Classical Music Library Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023917/http://sibeliusmusic.classical.com/reference/composerbio.php?id=2243 |date=2007-09-28 }} SibeliusMusic site. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> on an upricht [[piano]]. He haed copiet the snippet o melody frae the siren o a polis caur in [[Marseilles]]. Efter a few bars Mina grabbit the leerics sheet an stairtit tae sing as if she haed kent the tune afore. Componit in this wey, "Se telefonando" is a pop sang wi aicht transitions o [[tonality]] that builds tension throuoot the chorus.<ref name=callas/><ref name=telefonando /> Morricone's arrangement featurt a sophisticatit combination o melodic trumpet lines, [[Hal Blaine]]-style drummin, a string set, a 1960s [[Europop]] female choir, an intense subsonic-soondin trombones.<ref name=cool/> "Se telefonando" wis presentit in Mey 1966 in a ''Studio Uno'' episode an in August the same year at ''Aria condizionata''. The single peakit at #7 on the Italian chairt an wis 53rd in the annual leet o sales. The album ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' featurt the sang as ane o the staundoot tracks alang wi "Ta-ra-ta-ta" an "Una casa in cima al mondo". It wis the fift biggest sellin album o the year in Italy.<ref name=album>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it|title= Top annuali album|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|language=Italian|accessdate=30 July 2010}}</ref> In 1966, Mina stairtit wirkin wi the [[Radiotelevisione Svizzera di lingua Italiana|Swiss Broadcasting Service]] an the Orchestra Radiosa in Lugano. She foondit the [[independent record label]] [[:it:PDU (casa discografica)|PDU]] in collaboration wi her faither. The first record issued unner the label wis ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (Dedicated to My Father). Mina's growin interest in Brazilian muisic resultit in "[[:it:La banda/Se c'è una cosa che mi fa impazzire|La banda]]" ("The Band"), a [[Chico Buarque]] sang, which reached #3 in Italy. Mina continued tae perform on Italian TV, an presentit "Zum zum zum" on the ware 1967 variety series ''Sabato sera'', accompaniet bi the [[NATO]] naval baund. The series includit "La coppia più bella del mondo" ("The Most Beautiful Couple in the World") an aw, a duet wi [[Adriano Celentano]]. The title o the sang "Sono, come tu mi vuoi" ("I Am, as You Want Me to Be") wis taken frae [[Luigi Pirandello]]'s play ''[[:it:Come tu mi vuoi|Come tu mi vuoi]]''. The leerics talk aboot the manic attention o the press on an airtist's private life.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/sono_come_tu_mi_vuoi.htm Sono come tu mi vuoi] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither hit frae ''Sabato sera'' wis "[[L'immensità]]" ("Immensity"), which wis re-scored bi [[:it:Augusto Martelli|Augusto Martelli]] an released as "La inmensidad" in Spain an Laitin American kintras.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/i/immensita.htm L'immensità]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> RAI broadcast the third episode o ''[[:it:Senza rete|Senza rete]]'' ("Unplugged") live on 18 Julie 1968 frae the Auditorio A o the corporation's regional heidquairters in [[Naples]].<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 Senza rete] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094847/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=127 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com site. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The program presentit Mina's homage tae [[Luigi Tenco]], who haed recently dee'd. She turned his sang "Se stasera sono qui" ("Should I Stay Here Tonight") intae a rigorous piece o [[soul muisic]]<ref name="Se stasera sono qui">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/s/se_stasera_sono_qui.htm Se stasera sono qui] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref> in the score o [[Pino Calvi]]. She celebratit the 10t anniversary o her career wi a concert at La Bussola, backit bi the Orchestra Augusto Martelli.<ref>[http://www.discogs.com/Mina-Mina-Alla-Bussola-Dal-Vivo/release/1353630 Mina Alla Bussola Dal Vivo] discogs. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The concert wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]''.<ref>[http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm Mina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623021519/http://www.archivio.raiuno.rai.it/schede/9025/902537.htm |date=2007-06-23 }}. Archivo RAI Uno site. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> ''[[:it:Canzonissima 1968|Canzonissima 1968]]'' wis a Seturday nicht [[prime time]] [[variety show]] that aired on [[Rai Uno]] frae September 1968 tae Januar 1969. It wis hostit bi Mina, [[Walter Chiari]] an [[Paolo Panelli]].<ref name="Zum zum zum">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni60/schede/zumzum/zumzum.htm Zum zum zum] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref> The orchestrations wur scored bi the conductors Bruno Canfora an Augusto Martelli. "Sacumdì Sacumdà", Mina's talkin an laughin version o Carlos Imperial's [[bossa nova]] "Nem Vem Que Não Tem", narraely escapit a ban bi RAI acause o its irreverent leerics. The sang wis performit as pairt o a muisical fantasy, back tae back wi "Quelli che hanno un cuore", her intense version o "[[:en:Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)|Anyone Who Had a Heart]]".<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch681220.htm Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Anither interpretation o a [[Dionne Warwick]] sang wis "La voce del silenzio" ("Silent Voices") bi Paolo Limiti an Elio Isola, presentit in a live session durin the show.<ref name="Mina. Biografia"/> "Niente di niente" ("Nothing at All") wis her version o [[the Delfonics]]' "Break Your Promise". The series includit the sangs "Fantasia", "La musica è finita" ("The Music is Over") an the elegant "Un colpo al cuore" ("Heart Attack") an aw. "Un colpo al cuore" endit up as #68 on the best-sellin singles chairt for that year in Italy.<ref name="annual1968">{{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|title=I singoli più venduti del 1968 (Biggest-selling singles of 1968)|publisher=Hit Parade Italia|accessdate=25 May 2010|language=Italian|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192124/http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1968.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each show wis closed bi Mina singin "Vorrei che fosse amore" ("Wish It Was Love"), a piece o atmospheric muisic bi [[Bruno Canfora]] that wis #50 on the best-sellin singles chairt for 1968 in Italy.<ref name=annual1968/> A selection o sangs frae the series wur issued as the album ''[[Canzonissima '68]]''.<ref name="Settimana 20 Dicembre 1968"/> ===Mogol-Battisti (1969–1973)=== Efter a break o three month, Mina returned an recordit the sang "Non credere" ("Disbelieve"), componit bi Luigi Clausetti an Pietro Soffici, wi leerics bi [[Mogol (leericist)|Mogol]], in Apryle.<ref>[http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 A che gioco giochiamo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714094919/http://minamazzini.com/televisione/puntata.php?ce=145 |date=2011-07-14 }} Minamazzini.com. In Italian. Retrieved 30 July 2010</ref> The single became the third biggest-sellin record o the year in Italy.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yends/hpe1969.htm I singoli più venduti del 1969]. Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mogol an his fellae componer [[Lucio Battisti]], alang wi the [[Premiata Forneria Marconi]] on back-up instrumentals, wirkit wi Mina on several sangs as a result o the success o "Non credere". The team producit a set o sangs includin "[[:it:Io e te da soli / Credi|Io e te da soli]]" ("You and Me Alone"), "Insieme" ("Together"), "Amor mio" ("Love of Mine"), "Io vivrò senza te" ("I'll Live without You"),<ref name=decoder/><ref name=frieze>{{cite journal|url= http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|title= Jaki Irvine|journal= [[Frieze magazine|frieze]]|volume= 56|year= 2001|access-date= 2013-08-27|archive-date= 2015-09-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043149/http://www.frieze.com/issue/review/jaki_irvine/|url-status= dead}}</ref> "[[:it:E penso a te (Lucio Battisti)|E penso a te]]" ("And I Think of You"). Ane o the first introductions o the new repertoire wis the ''Senza rete'' live televisit concert frae the Auditorio A in Naples on 20 Januar 1970. The material providit bi Mogol-Battisti wis the core for five albums. Amang thaim, ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' wis Mina's first unthirlt album tae reach #1 o the weekly Italian chairts an wis the biggest sellin album o 1969 in Italy. [[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|''...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...'']] wis seivent on the annual record chairt o 1970. ''[[Del mio meglio]]...'' (''My Best...'') wis seicont in 1971. ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' wis the biggest seller o 1972. The latter twa albums wur recordit durin a break frae live performances tae gie birth tae her dochter [[:it:Benedetta Mazzini|Benedetta]]. Mina's comeback teuk place at RAI's variety series ''Teatro 10'' in ware 1972. Ane o the heichlichts o the series wis a selection o Battisti's sangs performit in duet wi the composer. The shows includit "Balada para mi muerte" ("Ode to My Death") an aw, a [[nuevo tango]] duet wi [[Ástor Piazzolla]] at the [[bandoneón]], backit bi the Argentine group [[Conjunto 9]]. "[[Grande grande grande]]", arrangit bi [[Pino Presti]],<ref>''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' by Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998)</ref> wis the seicont biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy. The successes encouragit Enrico Riccardi tae copy Battisti's style in Riccardi's composition "Fiume azzurro", which earned anither place in the tap 100 o annual record sales in Italy.<ref name=azzurro>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/f/fiume_azzurro.htm Fiume azzurro] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> The feenal nummer o the aicht ''Teatro 10'' episodes wis "[[Parole parole]]" ("Words Words"), a duet wi [[Alberto Lupo]]. The sang is an [[easy listenin]] dialogue atween Mina's singin an Lupo's declamation. The leerics' theme are hollae wirds. Thir intertwine the lady's lamentation o the end o luve an the lees she haes tae hear wi the male protagonist's [[recitation]]. In the dialog she scoffs at the compliments he gies her, cawin thaim ''parole'' – juist wirds. The single wis released in Apryle 1972 an toppit the Italian chairts. It wis covered bi numerous Italian an French duets.<ref name=parole>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/p/parole_parole.htm Parole parole] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 25 May 2010</ref> Mina said she wad be reteerin frae public appearances efter an exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September. Thoosans o fowk turned up at the nichtclub's doorstep.<ref>[http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 Mina e l'orchestra live '72] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507213141/http://www.minamazzini.com/cronache/?dec=70&id=364 |date=2007-05-07 }} Lele Cerri. In Italian. Retrieved 27 June 2007</ref><ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972">[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/voli/articoli/ch721001.htm Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. Retrieved 31 July 2010</ref><ref name="La Bussola">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/storie/luoghi/bussola/bussola.htm La Bussola] Galleriadellacanzone.it. In Italian. Retrieved 1 September 2007</ref> [[Gianni Ferrio]]'s Orchestra featurt Gianni Basso on tenor saxophone an Oscar Valdambrini on trumpet.<ref name="Settimana 13 Ottobre 1972"/> Mina lost her husband Virgilio Crocco in a caur accident in 1973. She continued her career wi the tap Italian chairt hits "E poi..." ("And Then...") an "L'importante è finire" ("It's Important to Finish"). She recordit the theme sang "Fa presto, fa piano" ("Works Quickly, Works Quietly") for the film ''[[:it:La sculacciata|La sculacciata]]'', issued in 1974. ===Syne 1974=== Mina's last live TV appearance wis the feenal episode o the ''Milleluci'' series on 16 Mairch 1974. Mina wis the hostess o the series alangside [[Raffaella Carrà]]. Durin the series, she splored different muisical styles in the sangs "[[I Don't Know How to Love Him]]", "[[Mack the Knife]]", "[[Night and Day (sang)|Night and Day]]", and "[[Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)]]". Efter "Non gioco più" ("The Game Is Over"), a blues duet wi the [[harmonica]] player [[Toots Thielemans]], Mina annooncit her athdrawal frae public performances.<ref>[http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/schede/n/non_gioco_piu.htm Non gioco piu] Hit Parade Italia. In Italian. 25 May 2010</ref> Her last appearance on TV wis her performance o "Ancora ancora ancora". The video wis the feenal nummer o the "Mille e una luce" show on 1 Julie 1978.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora">[http://www.galleriadellacanzone.it/canzoni/anni70/schede/ancora/ancora.htm Ancora ancora ancora] Galleria della canzone. In Italian. Retrieved 28 June 2007</ref> Her last concert appearances, a series o thirteen fully beukit concerts at La Bussola in 1978, wur cut short due tae her illness. Mina gae her last public performance on 23 August 1978 at the Bussoladomani theatre backit bi the Orchestra Pino Presti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |title=Sorrisi e Canzoni TV - Mina live! 23 agosto 1978 |publisher=Archivio.sorrisi.com |date=25 August 2003 |accessdate=5 April 2012 |archive-date=2012-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328095541/http://archivio.sorrisi.com/sorrisi/personaggi/art023001002393.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis recordit an issued as ''[[Mina Live '78]]''.<ref name="Ancora ancora ancora"/> Mina continued tae release albums on a yearly basis wi her son [[:it:Massimiliano Pani|Massimiliano Pani]] as the producer. Atween 1972 an 1995, she publisht a dooble album each year. Frae 1973, her LPs an CDs hae been characterisit bi airtistic motifs o the designers Luciano Tallarini, Gianni Ronco an the photographer Mauro Balletti. Frae the mid-1980s, the design o the album covers wis trustit tae Balletti alane. Aw o Mina's records unner the PDU label hae reached the Italian Tap 100. A lairge pairt o her wirk haes consistit o coverin well-kent sangs; she haes dedicatit tribute albums tae [[The Beatles]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Renato Zero]], [[Domenico Modugno]], the [[Napoli (album)|Neapolitan sang]], an [[releegious muisic]]. Efter leavin the stage, her greatest chairt successes hae been duets. In 1985, "Questione di feeling", a duet wi [[Riccardo Cocciante]], wis the 13t biggest-sellin single o the year in Italy an became an ivergreen (as a hit song is cried in Europe). The duet album ''[[Mina Celentano]]'', recordit wi [[Adriano Celentano]], wis the biggest-sellin album o 1998 in Italy. Stairtin in 1989, aw o her records includit the jazzy piano playin o [[Danilo Rea]]. The break in Mina's TV appearances lastit till 2001, when she released fuitage o her recordin sessions. The videos wur broadcastit ower the [[WIND (Italy)|Wind]] internet steid on 30 Mairch. This resultit in millions o visits tae the steid on that nicht, an addeetional millions on follaein days. The fuitage wis released as the DVD ''Mina in Studio''. Efter the event, Mina's singles stairtit tae chairt in Italy again. The track "Succhiando l'uva" (2002), written for her bi [[Zucchero]], peakit at #3 on the chairt. Mina's kiver o "Don't call me baby [[Can't Take My Eyes Off You|(Can't take my eyes off you)]]" (2003) reached #4 in Italy. The single "Alibi" (2007) reached #6 in Italy. The triple CD ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' reached #1 on the Italian chairts. Sae did ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999), ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002), ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) and ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]''. Mina's later releases hae includit duets wi [[Mick Hucknall]], [[Fabrizio De André]], [[Piero Pelù]], [[Adriano Celentano]], [[Lucio Dalla]], [[Joan Manuel Serrat]], [[Chico Buarque]], [[Tiziano Ferro]], [[Giorgia Todrani|Giorgia]] an [[Seal (sangster)|Seal]]. In recent years, Mina haes been writin a weekly column on the front page o ''[[La Stampa]]'' an a page in the Italian edeetion o the magazine ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', whaur she answers fan letters.<ref name=wong/> ==Discografie== {{Main 2|Mina discografie|Leet o Mina sangs}} {{MultiCol}} * ''[[Tintarella di luna]]'' (1960) * ''[[Il cielo in una stanza]]'' (1960) * ''[[Due note]]'' (1961) * ''[[Moliendo café]]'' (1962) * ''[[Renato (album)|Renato]]'' (1962) * ''[[Stessa spiaggia, stesso mare]]'' (1963) * ''[[20 successi di Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina (1964 album)|Mina]]'' (1964) * ''[[Mina Nº 7]]'' (1964) * ''[[Studio Uno]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina interpretata da Mina]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina & Gaber: un'ora con loro]]'' (1965) * ''[[Mina canta Napoli]]'' (1966) * ''[[Studio Uno 66]]'' (1966) * ''[[Mina 2]]'' (1966) * ''[[Sabato sera - Studio Uno '67]]'' (1967) * ''[[4 anni di successi]]'' (1967) * ''[[Dedicato a mio padre]]'' (1967) * ''[[Mina alla Bussola dal vivo]]'' (1968) * ''[[Le più belle canzoni italiane interpretate da Mina]]'' (1968) * ''[[Canzonissima '68]]'' (1968) * ''[[I discorsi]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina for You]]'' (1969) * ''[[Incontro con Mina]]'' (1969) * ''[[Bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...|...bugiardo più che mai...più incosciente che mai...]]'' (1969) * ''[[Mina canta o Brasil]]'' (1970) * ''[[Quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore|...quando tu mi spiavi in cima a un batticuore...]]'' (1970) * ''[[Del mio meglio]]'' (1971) * ''[[Mina (1971 album)|Mina]]'' (1971) * ''[[Cinquemilaquarantatre]]'' (1972) * ''[[Dalla Bussola]]'' (1972) * ''[[Altro (album)|Altro]]'' (1972) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 2]]'' (1973) * ''[[Frutta e verdura]]'' (1973) * ''[[Amanti di valore]]'' (1973) * ''evergreens'' (1974) * ''[[Mina®]]'' (1974) * ''[[Baby Gate (album)|Baby Gate]]'' (1974) * ''[[Del mio meglio n. 3]]'' (1975) * ''[[La Mina]]'' (1975) * ''[[Minacantalucio]]'' (1975) * ''[[Singolare]]'' (1976) * ''[[Plurale]]'' (1976) * ''Del mio meglio n. 4'' (1977) * ''Mina quasi Jannacci'' (1977) * ''Mina con Bignè'' (1977) * ''di tanto in tanto'' (1978) * ''[[Mina Live '78]]'' (1978) * ''Del mio meglio n. 5'' (1979) * ''[[Attila (album)|Attila]]'' (1979) * ''[[Kyrie (album)|Kyrie]]'' (1980) * ''Del mio meglio n. 6 Live'' (1981) * ''Salomè'' (1981) * ''Italiana'' (1982) * ''Del mio meglio n. 7'' (1983) * ''Mina 25'' (1983) {{ColBreak}} * ''[[Catene (album)|Catene]]'' (1984) * ''Del mio meglio n. 8'' (1985) * ''Finalmente ho conosciuto il conte Dracula...'' (1985) * ''[[Si, buana]]'' (1986) * ''Del mio meglio n. 9'' (1987) * ''[[Rane supreme]]'' (1987) * ''[[Oggi ti amo di più]]'' (1988) * ''[[Ridi pagliaccio vol. 1-2|Ridi pagliaccio]]'' (1988) * ''Uiallalla'' (1989) * ''Ti conosco mascherina'' (1990) * ''[[Caterpillar (Mina album)|Caterpillar]]'' (1991) * ''Sorelle Lumière'' (1992) * ''Mina canta i Beatles'' (1993) * ''[[Lochness vol. 1-2|Lochness]]'' (1993) * ''Mazzini canta Battisti'' (1994) * ''[[Canarino mannaro]]'' (1994) * ''Pappa di latte'' (1995) * ''Canzoni d'autore'' (1996) * ''[[Cremona (album)|Cremona]]'' (1996) * ''[[Napoli (album)|Napoli]]'' (1996) * ''Minantologia'' (1997) * ''[[Leggera]]'' (1997) * ''Mina Gold'' (1998) * ''Mina Sanremo'' (1998) * ''[[Mina Celentano]]'' (1998) * ''Mina Studio Collection'' (1998) * ''Mina Gold 2'' (1999) * ''[[Olio (Mina album)|Olio]]'' (1999) * ''[[Mina n° 0]]'' (1999) * ''Mina per Wind'' (2000) * ''Mina Love Collection'' (2000) * ''[[Dalla terra]]'' (2000) * ''Colección latina'' (2001) * ''[[Sconcerto]]'' (2001) * ''[[Veleno]]'' (2002) * ''In duo'' (2003) * ''[[Napoli secondo estratto]]'' (2003) * ''Napoli primo, secondo e terzo estratto'' (2003) * ''[[The Platinum Collection (Mina album)|The Platinum Collection]]'' (2004) * ''Una Mina d'amore'' (2004) * ''[[Bula Bula]]'' (2005) * ''[[L'allieva]]'' (2005) * ''Platinum Collection 2'' (2006) * ''Ti amo...'' (2006) * ''[[Bau (album)|Bau]]'' (2006) * ''[[Todavía (album)|Todavía]]'' (2007) * ''Sulla tua bocca lo dirò'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina straniera'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina con archi'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - La calma'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Per quando ti amo'' (2009) * ''Riassunti d'amore - Mina Cover'' (2009) * ''[[Facile]]'' (2009) * ''Caramella'' (2010) * ''Piccola streenna'' (2010) * ''Piccolino'' (2011) * ''12 (American song book)'' (2012) {{EndMultiCol}} ==Filmografie== * ''Juke box - Urli d'amore'' (1959) * ''Teddy Boys della canzone'' (1960) * ''Urlatori alla sbarra'' (1960) * ''Madri pericolose'' (1960) * ''Io bacio... tu baci'' (1961) * ''Mina... fuori la guardia'' (1961) * ''Das haben die Mädchen gern'' (1962) * ''Appuntamento in Riviera'' (1962) * ''Silvester Show'' (1964) * ''Per amore... per magia...'' (1967) ===DVD=== Mina signed a contract wi the [[Barilla Group|Barilla]] fuid label in 1965 an starred in ten pasta commercials bi 1971, directit bi [[Piero Gherardi]] an [[Valerio Zurlini]] amang ithers. In 2005, Mina's performances in ads for Barilla wur publisht on VHS an DVD as ''Nei caroselli Barilla''. The exclusive concert at the La Bussola Club on 16 September 1972 wis released bi the PDU record company as ''Mina alla Bussola Live '72''. Recordit bi Polivideo TV company, the event wis aired on [[Sky Italia]] as a series frae 1 tae 21 Januar 1973. ==Bibliografie== * ''Mina, come sono'' bi Gianni Pettenati (Virgilio 1980) * ''Mina, la voce'' bi Mario Guarino (Forte 1983) * ''Unicamente Mina'' bi Flavio Merkel and Paolo Belluso (Gammalibri 1983) * ''La leggendaria Mina'' (PDU Italiana Edizioni Musicali S.r.l./Curci 1983) * ''Mina. Storia di un mito raccontato'' bi Nino Romano (Rusconi 1986) * ''Mina nelle fotografie di Mauro Balletti'' (Campanotto 1990) * ''Mina - Le immagini e la storia di un mito'' (Eden 1992) * ''Mina - Mito e mistero'' bi Nino Romano (Sperling & Kupfer 1996) * ''Mina - I miti'' bi Antonella Giola, Daniela Teruzzi & Gherardo Gentili (Arnoldo Mondadori 1997) * ''Mina - I mille volti di una voce'' bi Romy Padovano (Arnoldo Mondadori 1998) * ''Divina Mina'' bi Dora Giannetti (Zelig 1998) * ''Mina'' bi Roberta Maresci (Gremese 1998) * ''Mina - Una forza incantatrice'' bi Franco Fabbri & Luigi Pestalozza (eds. Euresis 1998) * ''Mina - La sua vita, i suoi successi'' bi Gianni Lucini (Sonzogno 1999) * ''Mina, il mito'' (Tempo Libro 1999) * ''Studio Mina'' bi Flaviano De Luca (ed. Elle U Multimedia 1999) * ''Mina disegnata fotografata'' -Authors' copyright- 2001 * ''Mina: Gli anni Italdisc 1959–1964'' bi Marco Castiglioni, Fulvio Fiore, Maurizio Maiotti, Stefania Fiore, Barbara Alari an Maurizio Maiotti (Satisfaction 2001) * ''Mina 1958–2005 Ancora insieme'' bi Marcello Bufacchi (Riuniti 2005) * ''Mina talk. Vent'anni di interviste. 1959–1979'' bi Fernando Fratarcangeli (Coniglio 2005) * ''Mina... il fascino della tigre'' bi Ghea Irene (Lo Vecchio 2006) ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== * {{IMDb name|0590869|Mina}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mina}} [[Category:1940 births]] [[Category:Italian female sangsters]] [[Category:Inglis-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:French-leid sangsters]] [[Category:German-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Japanese-leid sangsters]] [[Category:Spaingie-leid sangsters o Italy]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Busto Arsizio]] [[Category:Fowk frae Cremona]] [[Category:Sangsters wi a three-octave vocal range]] 02dshq8jish3m389dfo0w2lc357c6kn 0 58309 919092 907637 2026-07-09T23:31:32Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Agosta | official_name = Comune di Agosta | native_name = | image_skyline = Agosta 2.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = View o Agosta | image_shield = Agosta-Stemma.png | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|41|59|N|13|2|E|type:city(1,649)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Latium]] | province = [[Province o Roum|Roum]] (RM) | frazioni = Madonna della Pace, Le Selve, Cacino, Tostini, Il Barco, La Vasca | mayor_party = | mayor = Gianfranco Massimi | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 9.5 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1733 | population_as_of = 2008<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref> | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Agostani | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 392 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 00020 | area_code = 0774 | website = | footnotes = }} '''Agosta''' is a ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province o Roum]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lazio]], locatit aboot 45&nbsp;km east o [[Roum]]. Agosta mairches the follaein municipalities: [[Canterano]], [[Cervara di Roma]], [[Marano Equo]], [[Rocca Canterano]], [[Subiaco, Italy|Subiaco]]. ==History== The area o Agosta wis inhabitit sin prehistoric times. It is mentioned in [[Augustus]]'s ''[[Res Gestae]]'' as the soorce o the [[Aqua Marcia]] aqueduct, an efter that it teuk its name frae the Roman emperor. In 1051 AD a castle is mentioned here, that later wis a possession o the monastery o Subiaco. ==Main sichts== *Medieval castle *Airch o the Cardinal o ''della Porta'', biggit in 1503 near a brig that at the time crossed the [[Aniene]] river. *Sanctuar o ''Madonna del Passo'' (17t yeirhunner) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.comunediagosta.it/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808201725/http://www.comunediagosta.it/ |date=2016-08-08 }} {{clear}} {{Province o Roum}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Agosta, Lazio}} mzqabsufx8r9wrhc60zc6if6615bnzb 0 63996 919106 888852 2026-07-10T04:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Calcata | official_name = Comune di Calcata | native_name = | image_skyline = Calcata02.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|42|13|N|12|25|E|type:city(895)_region:IT|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Lazio]] | province = [[Province o Viterbo|Viterbo]] (VT) | frazioni = | mayor_party = | mayor = Luciano Sestili | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 7.67 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 885 | population_as_of = 2007 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Calcatesi | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 172 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = | day = | postal_code = 01030 | area_code = 0761 | website = {{Official website|http://www.comunecalcata.it/}} | footnotes = }} '''Calcata''' is a ''[[comune]]'' an [[toun]] in the [[Province o Viterbo]] in the [[Italy|Italian]] region [[Lazio]], locatit 47&nbsp;km north o [[Roum]] bi caur, owerleukin the valley o [[Treja]] river. Calcata borders the follaein municipalities: [[Faleria]], [[Magliano Romano]], [[Mazzano Romano]], [[Rignano Flaminio]]. In the 1930s, the hill touns's fortifeed historic centre wis condemned bi the govrenment for fear that the volcanic cliffs the auncient commonty wis built upon wad collapse. Local residents muived tae nearbi Calcata Nuova. In the 1960s, the emptied historical centre began tae be repopulatit bi airtists an hippies who squattit in its medieval stane an masonry structurs. Mony o the squatters eventually purchased their homes, the govrenment reversed its condemnation order, an the residents o wha haed become a airtistic commonty began restorin the auncient toun. This trend haes continued. The day the toun haes a thrivin airtistic commonty describit in the New York Times as wha "mey be the grooviest veelage in Italy, hame tae a wacky commonty o about 100 airtists, bohemians, agin hippies an New Age teeps."<ref>[http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/travel/28dayout.html Calcata, Italy: Where Newcomers Gave an Old Town a Second Life], Published: January 28, 2007, New York Times, Retrieved September 13, 2010</ref> The historical centre now includes restaurants, cafes, and art galleries. ==Main sichts== *Auld Toun *Church of ''Santissimo Nome di Gesù'', dating from the 14th century but restored from 1793. *Sub-urban Pairk o Treja Valley. *Remains of the [[Falisci|Faliscan]] temple of ''Monte Li Santi'' (outside the village). ==Demographic evolution== <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:455 height:303 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1861 text:1861 bar:1871 text:1871 bar:1881 text:1881 bar:1901 text:1901 bar:1911 text:1911 bar:1921 text:1921 bar:1931 text:1931 bar:1936 text:1936 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2001 text:2001 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1861 from: 0 till:0 bar:1871 from: 0 till:508 bar:1881 from: 0 till:559 bar:1901 from: 0 till:851 bar:1911 from: 0 till:837 bar:1921 from: 0 till:864 bar:1931 from: 0 till:878 bar:1936 from: 0 till:836 bar:1951 from: 0 till:753 bar:1961 from: 0 till:698 bar:1971 from: 0 till:585 bar:1981 from: 0 till:690 bar:1991 from: 0 till:886 bar:2001 from: 0 till:846 PlotData= bar:1861 at:0 fontsize:XS text: ? shift:(-8,5) bar:1871 at:508 fontsize:XS text: 508 shift:(-8,5) bar:1881 at:559 fontsize:XS text: 559 shift:(-8,5) bar:1901 at:851 fontsize:XS text: 851 shift:(-8,5) bar:1911 at:837 fontsize:XS text: 837 shift:(-8,5) bar:1921 at:864 fontsize:XS text: 864 shift:(-8,5) bar:1931 at:878 fontsize:XS text: 878 shift:(-8,5) bar:1936 at:836 fontsize:XS text: 836 shift:(-8,5) bar:1951 at:753 fontsize:XS text: 753 shift:(-8,5) bar:1961 at:698 fontsize:XS text: 698 shift:(-8,5) bar:1971 at:585 fontsize:XS text: 585 shift:(-8,5) bar:1981 at:690 fontsize:XS text: 690 shift:(-8,5) bar:1991 at:886 fontsize:XS text: 886 shift:(-8,5) bar:2001 at:846 fontsize:XS text: 846 shift:(-8,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Data from ISTAT </timeline> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.comunecalcata.it/ ''Municipality o Calcata'']{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Offeecial wabsteid * [http://www.calcata.info/ www.calcata.info/ "Calcata: General Info"], in Inglis an aw * [http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/travel/28dayout.html David Farley, "Calcata"], ''New York Times'' <br clear=all> {{Province o Viterbo}} [[Category:Hilltouns in Italy]] [[Category:Falisci]] sqjoyk0bjoflafcx1rsozok2sfi9r72 0 74183 919089 919075 2026-07-09T16:13:12Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 Fixed spelling mistakes, replaced some words with better synonyms 919089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Cue sport}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} {{Infobox sport | image = Snooker table selby.JPG | imagesize = 300px | caption = Three-time warld champion [[Mark Selby]] playin at a practice gemm | union = [[Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association|WPBSA]]<br />[[International Billiards an Snooker Federation|IBSF]] | first = 1870 in Indie | contact = Non-contact | category = [[Cue sports|Cue sport]] | equipment = Snooker table, [[Billiard baw#Snooker|snooker baws]], [[cue stick]], triangle, chalk | venue = Snooker table | olympic = [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] recognition<ref name="Snookerolympic" /> | IWGA = [[2001 Warld Games|2001]]{{snds}}present }} '''Snooker''' (mou-banned: {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|s|n|uː|k|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|s|n|ʊ|k|ər}})<ref name="Macmillan British" /><ref name="Macmillan American" /> is a [[cue sports|cue sport]] that originatit amang Breetish Airmy officers stationed in [[Indie]] in the seicont hauf o the 19t yearhunner. It is played at a rectangular table kivvert wi a green claithe (or "baize"), wi pockets at ilk-ane o the fower corners an in the mids o ilka lang side. Uisin a cutstick an 21 coloured baws, players hiv tae strike the white baw (or "cue baw") tae pot or pocket the lave o the baws in the correct order, gaitherin up pynts fur ivery pot. An individual gemm (or frame), is wan bi the player scorin the maist pynts. A match is wan whan a player wins a predetermined batch o frames. The snooker came tae its ain in 1884 whan airmy officer [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]], stationed in Ooty, Tamil Nadu, thocht on a set o rules that jyned pyramid an black puil. The wird ''snooker'' wis a lang-uised militar wird fur sma-expairienced or first-year militar fowk. The gemm grew in popularity in the Breetish Isles, an the Billiars Associe an Control Club wis formed in 1919. It is nou governed bi the Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association (WPBSA) (Scots: ''Warld Perfaisional Billiars an Snooker Associe''). The [[Warld Snooker Championship]] haes taen place frae 1927. {{Ill|Joe Davis|en}}, a heidmaist feigur in the early growth o the sport, wan the championship 15 straicht times frae 1927 tae 1946. The "modren era" stairtit in 1969 efter the braidcaster [[BBC]] commeissioned the snooker telly programme ''Pot Black,'' an efter a while stairtit airin the Warld Championship in 1978. The heidmaist figures in the gemm war [[Ray Reardon]] in the 1970s, [[Steve Davis]] in the 1980s, an [[Stephen Hendry]] in the 1990s, ilk-ane winnin sax or mae Warld Championships. Syne 2000, [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] haes wun the maist warld titles, wi five. Tap perfaisional players nou compete regular aroond the warld an win millions o punds on the Warld Snooker Tour, thit featurs players frae aa aroun the warld. == History == [[File:Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain.png|thumb|right|upright|[[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]], a Breetish airmy officer that thocht on the gemm an its rules in the late 19t century]] The ruits o snooker gings back tae the hint-end o the 19t yearhunner.<ref name="origins" /> In the 1870s, the Inglis billiards wis a popular activity amang Breetish Airmy officers stationed in [[Indie]], an a curnie forms o the gemm war thocht on durin this time.<ref name="origins" /> Ae form that cam frae the officers' mess o the 11t Devonshire Regiment in 1875<ref name="heritage2008" /> jyned the rules o twa pocket billiards games: Pyramid an Black Puil.<ref name="Neville Chamberlain disambiguation" /><ref name="FullHistory" /> The foremaist ane wis played wi 15 reid coloured baws poseitioned in a triangle, while the hinner-ane involved the pottin o designatit baws.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="Shamos 1994" /> The gemm wis developit in 1884 whan its first set o rules wis finalised bi [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]],{{efn|Nae the [[Neville Chamberlain|Prime Minister]] o the same name}} an Inglis airmy officer thit gied a haun tae develop an popularise the gemm at Stone House in Ooty on a table biggit bi Burroughes & Watts that wis brocht ower bi boat.<ref name="telegraph2014" /> The wird ''snooker'' back than wis a slang wird fur first-year caddies an sma-expairienced militar fowk, but Chamberlain wad eften uise it tae lichtlify the fouterie performance o ane o his fellae officers at the table.<ref name="origins" /> In 1887, snooker wis gien its first definit reference in Ingland in a copy o ''Sporting Life'', resultin in a growth in popularity.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Chamberlain came oot as the gemm's inventor in a letter tae ''The Field'' published on 19 Mairch 1938, 63 year efter the fact.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Snooker haed grown in popularity oot-throu the Indian colonies an the Breetish Isles, but it bedd a gemm maistly fur the gentrice, an mony knab's clubs that haed a billiards table wadnae allou non-members inbye tae play.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Tae accommodate the growin interaist, smawer an mair apen snooker-specific clubs war formed.<ref name="heritage2008" /> In 1919, the Billiards Association an the Billiards Control Buird jyned tae form the Billiards Association an Control Club (BA&CC) an a new, staundart set o rules fur snooker first became offeecial.{{sfn|Gadsby|Williams|2012|p=8}} In 1927 the first [[Warld Snooker Championship]] wis organised bi [[Joe Davis]].<ref name="origins" />{{efn|The event wis kent than as the Professional Snooker Championship.<ref name="ProfessionalChampionship" />}} Davis, a perfaisional Inglis billiards an snooker player, muived the gemm frae a pastime tae a perfaisional acteevity.<ref name="CnVTimeline" /> Davis wan ivery warld championship ontil 1946, whan he retired frae the championships.<ref name="5J29x" /> The gemm gaed in a dwine throu the 1950s an 1960s wi nae muckle interaist generatit ootside o thaim thit war awready playin.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="smhday6" /> In 1959, Davis presentit a form o the gemm kent as "Snooker Plus" tae try tae impruive the gemm's popularity bi eikin twa extra colours, but this misgied tae gain interaist.<ref name="day1">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895%2C8253550 |date=27 October 1959 |page=10 |title=Snooker Plus |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505071329/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895,8253550 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=27 October 1959 |page=17 |title=J Davis launches Snooker Plus}}</ref> In 1969, [[David Attenborough]] commeissioned the snooker telly series ''Pot Black'' tae shaw the potential o colour telly, wi the green table an multi-coloured baws bein ideal fur shawin furth the advantages o colour braidcastin.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="news_BBCS" /><ref name="Cue China" /> The series became a ratings success an wis fur a while the saicont-maist popular programme on BBC Twa.<ref name="FCS-PB" /> Interaist in the gemm wore up an the 1978 Warld Snooker Championship wis the first tae be fully televised.<ref name="commonwealth" /><ref name="OTT-40" /> The gemm swippertly became a mainstream gemm in the [[United Kingdom|Unitit Kinrick]],<ref name="GuardianThatch" /> [[Ireland]] an oot-throu the feck o the Commonwealth, an haes enjyed muckle speed frae the late 1970s, wi the maist o the rankin toornaments gettin televised.<ref name="FullHistory" /> Bi the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] 18.5 million viewers aathegither watched the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] atweesh Dennis Taylor an [[Steve Davis]], a record viewership fur the Unitit Kinrick fur ony braidcast efter midnicht.<ref name="dsoH1" /><ref name="inde_Grea" /> In the early 2000s, a ban on tobacco advertisin haed resultit in a dwine in the nummer o perfaisional tournaments,<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> wi perfaisional toornaments gettin cut doun tae anely 15 events in 2003, frae 22 in 1999.<ref name="snoo_WWWS" /><ref name="snoo_WWWS_GThzD" /> Hounaiver, the popularity o the gemm in Asia, wi kythin talents siclike as Liang Wenbo an mair estaiblished players as in the likes o Ding Junhui an Marco Fu, boostin the sport in the Far East.<ref name="BeebDing2" /><ref name="BeebDing1" /> Bi 2007, the BBC dedicate 400 oors tae snooker kivverage, in confeerance tae juist 14 meenits 40 year earlier.<ref name="gE3Ec" /> In 2010, promoter Barry Hearn gained a controllin interaist in Warld Snooker Ltd. an the Warld Snooker Tour, hechtin tae revitalise the "moribund" perfaisional gemm.<ref name="fUEoB" /><ref name="peHgu" /><ref name="theg_Barr" /> Syne this time, the nummer o perfaisional tournaments haes worn up, wi 44 events aa throu the 2019/20 saison.<ref name="snoo_Cale" /> Events hae been made tae be mair suitable fur telly braidcasts forbye, for ensample the Snooker Shoot-Out, a timed, ae-{{cuegloss|frame}} toornament.<ref name="worl_2019" /> Awaird siller fur perfaisional events haes worn up as weel, wi tap players makin a twa-three million pund durin thair careers.<ref name="IFuYf" /> The winner o the [[2020 Warld Snooker Championship]] will be gettin £500,000 out o a tot found o £2,395,000.<ref name="Prize" /> == Rules == === Ettle === [[File:Snooker table drawing 2.svg|thumb|Snooker table wi baws stell'd in thair stairtin poseition. At the stairt o the gemm, the cue baw (white) can be stell'd onywhaur intil the semicircle, kent as the "D".]] [[File:To pot the red.jpg|thumb|A gemm bein played at a hauf-size table. The player is strikin the cue baw tae pot a reid baw intae the corner pocket.]] The ettle o the gemm is tae score mair pynts nor the opponent bi pottin baws in the correct order. At the stairt o a frame, the baws are poseitioned as shawn in Feegur A, an the players than tak turns hittin shots bi strikin the "cue baw" wi the cue stick, thair ettle bein tae pot ane o the reid baws (or "reid") intae a pocket an thereby score a pynt. Missin tae mak contact wi the reid constitutes a fowl shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Gin the striker pots a reid, thay maun than pot ane o the sax "colours". Gin the player pots a colour, the vailue o that baw is eikit ontae the player's score, an the baw is brocht back tae its stairtin poseition on the table. Efter that, the player haes tae pot anither reid, than anither colour, efter ither. This process continues ontil the striker misses tae pot the ettled baw; at that pynt the opponent comes tae the table tae play the nixt shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> The act o scorin efter ither like this is tae mak a brak (leuk till scorin ablow).<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> [[File:Snooker break.ogv|thumb|Computer simulation o a snooker brak-off shot]] The gemm continues like this till aw reids hae been pottit an anely the sax colours is left on the table.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> At this pynt the colours maun be pottit in the order frae laest tae maist vailuable baw, conform till the table tae the richt. The shots are: yellae (twa pynt), green (three pynt), broun (fower pynt), blue (five pynt), pink (sax pynt) an black (seiven pynt), the baws nae bein returned tae play.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Whan the hindmaist baw gets pottit, the player wi mair pynts wins.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Gin the scores is peels whan aw the baws hae been pottit, the black is stell'd back on its spat as a peeled gemm. In this seetiation, cawed the re-spotted black, the black baw gets pitten on its designatit spat an the cue baw is played as baw in haund. The referee than tosses a coin an the winner decides whitna player gaes first. The frame continues ontil ane o the players pots the black baw or commits a fowl.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> A player mey concede a frame while on strike forbye, gin they think thare arenae eneuch pynts tae be gotten on the table tae baet the opponent's score. In the perfaisional snooker this commonly happens.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /><ref name="rule_Snoo" /> Perfaisional an competitive amateur matches are offeeciatit bi a referee. The referee replaces the colours on the table whan necessar an caws oot hou mony pynts the player haes scored durin a brak forbye.<ref name="Scorboard" /> Perfaisional players uisually plays at the gemm in a sportin mainner, declarin fowls at thay hae committed but the referee haes missed,<ref name="belf_Mark" /> awnin guid shots frae thair opponent, an haudin up a haund fur tae apologeeze fur happy shots, kent as "flukes".<ref name="belf_Mark" /> === Scorin === Pynts in the snooker is gained frae pottin the correct baws in order. The tot nummer o pynts (no coontin fowls) that a player amasses efter ither durin ae veesit tae the table is kent as a brak. A player winnin till a brak o 15, fur ensample, coud hae raxed till it it bi pottin a reid than a black, than a reid than a pink, afore missin tae pot the nixt reid. A [[maximum brak]] in the snooker is achieved bi pottin aw reids wi blacks than aw colours, resultin in 147 pynts; this is aften kent as a "147" or juist as a "maximum".<ref name="BBC147" /> {| class="wikitable floatright" ! colspan="2"| Colour ! Vailue |- |Reid |bgcolor="#ff0000" style="width:2ex;"| |1 pynt |- |Yellae |bgcolor="#ffff00"| |2 pynts |- |Green |bgcolor="#00c000"| |3 pynts |- |Broun |bgcolor="#996633"| |4 pynts |- |Blue |bgcolor="#0000ff"| |5 pynts |- |Pink |bgcolor="#fb5f87"| |6 pynts |- |Black |bgcolor="#000000"| |7 pynts |} Pynts can be scored in a gemm whan a player's opponent fowls as weel. A fowl can occur fur mony raisons, maist commonly fur missin tae hit the correct baw (e.g. hittin a colour first whan the player wis ettlin tae hit a reid), or fur sendin the cue baw intil a pocket. The foremaist can occur whan the player misses tae win free frae a "snooker" – a seetiation whaur the lest player lea's the cue baw poseitioned sae as nae legal baw can be strucken direct wioot hinder frae an illegal baw. Pynts gained frae a fowl differ frae a minimum o fower tae a maximum o seiven gin the black baw is involved.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> A fowl shot thit lea's nae valid shot fur the opponent can lea' thaim wi a "free baw". A free baw allous a player tae uise ony ither coloured baw in steid o the shot thay war meant tae play. Daein that wi aw 15 reid baws in play can result in a brak owergaein a maximum, wi the heichest possible bein a [[Maximum brak#Breaks exceedin 147|155 break]], achieved via the opponent leavin a free baw, wi the black bein pottit as the extra colour, an than pottin aw 15 reids an blacks wi the colours.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Jamie Cope haes the distinction o bein the first player in snooker history tae post a verified 155 brak, achieved in a practice frame in 2005, wi ither players siclike as {{ill|Alex Higgins|en}} claimin tae hae made a seimilar brak forbye.<ref name="belf_Alex" /><ref name="pund_147I" /> Ae gemm, frae the baws in thair stairtin poseition ontil the hindmaist baw gets pottit, is cried a "frame". A match for ordnar consists o a predetermined nummer o frames an the player thit wins the maist frames beirs the gree. Maist perfaisional matches are needin a player tae win five frames, an are cried "best-o-nine" in reference tae the maximum possible nummer o frames. Tournament finals are uisually best-o-17 or best-o-19, while the warld championship uises langer matches – reengin frae best-o-19 in the qualifiers an the first roond up tae best-o-35 fur the final (first tae 18), an is played ower fower sessions o play hauden ower twa days.<ref name="BBCWSN1" /> == Governance an tournaments == The Warld Perfaisional Billiards an Snooker Associe (WPBSA, kent as Warld Snooker forbye), foondit in 1968 as the Perfaisional Billiard Players' Associe,<ref name="wpbsafounding" /> is the governin body for the perfaisional compitition.<ref name="biggestbreak" /><ref name="infighting2" /><ref name="infighting3" /> The amateur gemm (takin in youth compitition) is governed bi the Internaitional Billiards an Snooker Federation (IBSF).<ref name="ibsf" /> Events heild specifically for weemen an events fur seniors are haunnled bi Warld Snooker unner Warld Women's Snooker an the Warld Seniors Tour, respectively.<ref name="LANCS" /><ref name="J3Vse" /><ref name="worl_WPBS" /> === Tournaments === ==== Perfaisional ==== Perfaisional snooker players play on the Warld Snooker Tour. Events on the Tour are anely appen tae players on the Tour an waled sma-expairienced players, but maist events are needin qualificatioun. Players can qualify fur the Tour aither bi bein heich eneuch on the warld rankins frae earlier saisons, winnin continental championships, or throu the Challenge Tour or Q Schuil events.<ref name="qualifortour" /> Players on the Tour generally gain twa-year participation fur the events.<ref name="qualifortour" /> The Tour haes an offeicial warld rankins scheme as weel, wi anely players on the Tour receivin a rankin. {{ill|Rankin points|en|Snooker warld rankins}}, wan bi players throu thair performances ower the past twa saisons, determine the current warld rankins.<ref name="WSrankinchart" /> A player's rankin determines what level o qualification he or she requires fur specific toornaments. The high heid yins o the perfaisional snooker are generally regairdit as the "tap-16" rankin players.<ref name="top16-1" /> Thay arenae required tae pre-qualify fur a puckle o the toornaments, for ensample the [[Shanghai Masters (snooker)|Shanghai Maisters]], the [[Masters (snooker)|Maisters]] an the Warld Snooker Championship.<ref name="top16-2" /> Certain ither events, siclike as the anes in the [[Coral Cup (snooker)|Coral Cup series]], uise the ane-year rankin list tae qualify; thir anes uise the results o the current saison tae mak kent participants.<ref name="news_Cora" /> The nou, the Tour contains 125 players, wi players aither in the tap-64 on the offeicial rankin list, or feinishin as ane o the tap echt awaird siller winners durin the maist recent saison, guaranteed a tour place fur the nixt saison, this bein assessed efter the Warld Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/tour-survival-2019-five-to-go/ |title=Tour Survival 2019: Five to Go |publisher=warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association |date= |website=wpbsa.com |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> The auldest perfaisional snooker toornament is the Warld Championship,<ref name="wsc1" /> heild annwally syne 1927 (binna durin [[Warld War II]] an atween 1958 an 1963).<ref name="warld Snooker list" /><ref name="vDR55" /> The toornament haes been hauden at the [[Crucible Theatre]] in [[Sheffield]], England, syne 1977, an wis sponsored bi [[Imperial Tobacco|Embassy]] frae 1976 tae 2005.<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> Syne the ban on advertisin tobacco products, the championships hae been sponsored bi bettin companies.<ref name="sponsor" /><ref name="Np1Uq" /><ref name="cgzeF" /> The Warld Championship is the maist heichly vailued awaird in the perfaisional snooker<ref name="wcvalue" /> in terms o financial rewaird (£500,000 fur the winner, umwhile £300,000), rankin pynts an prestige.<ref name="wcprizemoney" /><ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> It is televised extensively in the UK bi the [[BBC]]<ref name="bbc_deal" /> an gains significant kivverage in Europe on [[Eurosport]]<ref name="eurosport_deal" /> an in East Asia on [[CCTV-5]].<ref name="worl_Tour" /> The Warld Championships is pairt o the [[Triple Crown (snooker)|Triple Crown]] alang wi the [[UK Championship (snooker)|UK Championship]] an the non-rankin Maisters.<ref name="dottmasters" /> Thir events are vailued bi a curnie players fur the maist prestigious, an are some o the auldest competitions forbye. Winnin aa three events is a trauchle, an haes anely been dune bi 11 players.<ref name="top16-1" /><ref name="dottmasters" /><ref name="QqJ6D" /> Some events hae been criticised fur matches takin ower lang,<ref name="yawn" /> an alternative series o timed toornaments wir therebye organised bi {{ill|Matchroom Sport|en}} presses {{ill|Barry Hearn|en}}. The shot-timed {{ill|Premier League Snooker|en}} wis estaiblished, wi seiven players invitit tae compete at reg'lar Unitit Kinrick venues, televised on [[Sky Sports]].<ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> Players haed twinty-five seconds tae tak ilka shot, wi five time-outs per player per match. While some speed wis achieved wi this format, it generally didna receive the same amount o press attention or status as the reg'lar rankin toornaments.<ref name="yawn" /> This event wis taen oot o the tour in 2013, whan the {{ill|Champion o Champions|en|Champion o Champions (snooker)}} wis revived.<ref name="en.e_O'Su" /> The Champion o Champions players qualify throu winnin ither events in the saison, wi 16 champions vyein.<ref name="cham_Cham" />{{efn|Unner certain circumstances, a puckle rinners-up participated at the event.<ref name="cham_Cham" /> }} In 2015, the Warld Perfaisional Billiards an Snooker Associe ingave an onsuccessful bid fur the snooker tae be played at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref name="ghz8N" /><ref name="eN1gH" /> Anither bid haes been pitten forrit fur [[2024 Summer Olympics]] throu the Warld Snooker Federation, foondit in 2017.<ref name="KpBpW" /><ref name="T9wCo" /> A trial fur the format fur cue sports tae be played at the 2024 games wis pitten forrit at the {{ill|2019 Warld Team Trophy|en|2019 warld Team Trophy (cue sports)}}, featurin [[nine-ball|nine-baw]] an [[carom billiards]] forbye.<ref name="azbi_Inau" /> The snooker haes been contested at the [[Warld Games|Warld Gemms]] syne 2001, an wis taen in as an event at the 2019 African Gemms.<ref name="jtHKc" /><ref name="eN7hQ" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |title=Snooker to feature as medal event at 2019 African Games in Morocco |date=11 January 2019 |publisher=Inside the Games |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213523/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |first=Michael |last=Pavitt}}</ref> === Criticisms === A twa-three players, siclike as Ronnie O'Sullivan, [[Mark Allen (snooker player)|Mark Allen]] an {{ill|Steve Davis|en}}, hae warnished that thare are ower mony toornaments durin the saison, an that players risk brennin out.<ref name="JrHL1" /> In 2012, O'Sullivan played at less toornaments for tae spend mair time wi his childer, an ended the 2012–13 saison ranked 19t in the warld.<ref name="JrHL1" /> Mairatouer, he didna play at ony toornament in 2013 binna the Warld Championship, whilk he wan.<ref name="JrHL1" /> O'Sullivan haes proponed that a "breakawa tour" wi fewer events wad be beneficial tae the sport, but as o 2019 nae sic tour haes been organised.<ref name="bbc._Ronn" /> A twa-three leagues hae alloued clubs tae deny tae accep weemen players in toornaments.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bIhfn" /> League comatee heid yins hae defended the prattick, sayin, "Gin we tyne twa o thir clubs [wi the men-anely policies] we wad tyne fower teams an we cannae afford tae tyne fower teams itherwise we wad hae nae league."<ref name=":0" /> A Warld Women's Snooker presses said, "It is disappyntin an onacceptable that in 2019 that players siclike as {{ill|Rebecca Kenna|en}} hae been the victim o auld-farrant discriminatory pratticks."<ref name=":1" /> The [[All-Party Parliamentary Group]] said, "The group believes that bein keppit frae playin in a club ower the heids o gender is auld-farrant."<ref name=":1" /> == Graith == [[File:London - Royal Automobile Club - 3024.jpg|thumb|right|Cue-tip chalk, cue, white chalk-buird chalk, an a slidin score-keeper]] The [[#Equipment|pertinents]] uised fur the snooker taks in chalk fur the tip o the cue, rests o diverse kinds uised fur playin shots that cannae be played bi haund, a triangle tae rack the reids, an a scorebuird. Ae back-draw o the snooker on a fou-size ({{convert|12|×|6|ft|cm|abbr=on|disp=sqbr|0}}) table is the size o the room ({{convert|22|x|16|ft|m|disp=sqbr}}), whilk is the minimum required fur canny cuein room on aa sides.<ref name="roomsize" /> This stents the nummer o locations whaur the gemm can eithly be played. While puil tables are common tae mony pubs, snooker is uisally played aither in private surroondins or in public snooker haws. The gemm can be played at smawer tables uisin fewer reid baws forbye. Amang the different kinds o table sizes are {{convert|10|×|5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|9|×|4.5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|8|×|4|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|6|×|3|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}} (the smawest fur realistic play) an {{convert|4|×|2|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}. Smawer tables can come in a variorum o styles, siclike as fauld-awa or aitin-brod convertible.<ref name="snoo_Pool" /> A traditional snooker scorebuird leuks like an abacus an records the score fur ilka frame in units an twenties as weel as the frame scores. Thay are for ordnar eikit tae a waw aside the snooker table. A ae-fauld scorin bead is whiles uised forbye, cried a "scorin string", or "scorin wire".<ref name="Scorboard" /> Ilka bead (pairt o the string) represents a single pynt. Snooker players uisually muive ane or a curnie beads wi thair cue.<ref name="Scorboard" /> The playin surface, 356.9&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;feet 8.5&nbsp;inch) bi 177.8&nbsp;cm (5&nbsp;feet 10&nbsp;inch) fur a staundart fou-size table, wi sax pocket holes, ane at ilka corner an ane at the mids o ilk-ane o the langer side cods.<ref name="equipment">{{cite web |title=Cuesport equipment |author= |work=ActiveSG |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Billiards-and-Snooker/How-To-Play/Billiards-and-Snooker-for-Beginners/Cuesport-equipment |quote=}}</ref> The fully oo claithe is uisually green, wi a directional nap runnin frae the baulk end o the table till the end wi the black baw spat. The claithe is eften cried "baize"; awtho true baize is a lawer quality claithe whiles uised on puil tables. The nap will affect the airt o the cue baw dependin on whitna airt the cue baw is shot in, an on whither cair or richt side (spin) is placed on the baw. Even gif the cue baw is duntit in exackly the same wey, the nap will create a different effect dependin on whither the baw is duntit doun-the-table (till the black baw spot) or up-the-table (till the baulk line). The claithe on a snooker table isnae hoovered, sin this can connach the nap. The claithe is brushed in a straicht line frae the baulk end tae the faur end wi a wheen brush strokes that ging in a straicht line (i.e. nae athort the table). A puckle table men will than rug a dampened claithe wappit aroond a cutty piece o buird (lik a [[Dimensional lumber#Dimensional lumber|twa bi fower]]), or the straicht back o a brush, tae gaither ony fine stour left ower an help lay the nap doun. The table is than ironed. Strachan claithe, uised in offeicial snooker toornaments, is 100% oo. Some ither claithes hae a smaw percentage o nylon.<ref name="ILdhT" /><ref name="Cues Cues" /> == Namely players == {{See an aw|Century break#List o players wi over 100 century breaks|l2=List o snooker players wi over 100 century breaks}} In the perfaisional era that begoud wi [[Joe Davis]] in the 1930s an continues up ontil oor ain day, an effeirin smaw nummer o players hae come speed at the tap level.<ref name="number1" /><ref name="hardwork" /> Joe Davis wis warld champion fur twinty year, retirin onbaeten efter claimin his fifteenth warld title in 1946 whan the toornament wis brocht back efter the [[Second Warld War|Saicont Warld War]].<ref name="Joe Davis">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=Player Profile – Joe Davis OBE |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510053844/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> Davis wis onbaeten in Warld Championship play, an wis anely iver baeten fower times in his haill life, wi aa fower defaits comin efter his Warld Championship retirement an inflictit wi his ain brither {{ill|Fred Davis|en|Fred Davis (snooker player)}}.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> He did loss matches in handicapped toornaments, but on level terms thir fower defaits wir the anely losses o his haill career.<ref name="2QWfZ" /> He wis warld billiards champion forbye.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> It is regairded as nae verra likely that ony-ane will iver owergae the gemm tae this level again.<ref name="tw9Wu" /> Efter Davis retired frae the Warld Championship play, the nixt heidmaist force wis his younger brither Fred Davis, wha haed lossed the {{ill|1940 Warld Snooker Championship|en|1940 warld Snooker Championship}} final tae Joe.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> Bi 1947, Fred Davis wis deemed reddy bi his brither tae tak up the mantle, but lossed the warld final tae the Scotsman [[Walter Donaldson]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Davis just misses warld record |work=Western Daily Press |date=22 October 1947 |access-date=18 March 2016 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19471022/013/0002 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Davis an Donaldson wad vye at the nixt fower finals. Efter the Warld Championship wis forhoo'd in 1953, wi the 1952 final boycotted bi Breetish perfaisionals, the [[Warld Professional Match-play Championship|Warld Perfaisional Match-Play Championship]] became the on-offeicial Warld Championship.<ref name="D80WD" /> Fred Davis wan the event ivery year ontil its hindmaist ane, in 1957, the whilk he didna play at.<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=warld Professional Championship |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416080933/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-date=16 April 2013 |work=cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref> [[John Pulman]] wis the maist successfu player o the 1960s, whan the [[1964–68 warld Snooker Championships|Warld Championship]] wis contested on a challenge basis.<ref name="GSC1964">{{cite web |title=warld Championship 1964 |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=19 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310181405/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |archive-date=2011-03-10 |url-status=dead |df=}}</ref> Housomever, whan the toornament wis reverted tae a knockout formula in 1969, he didna come speed. [[Ray Reardon]] became the heidmaist force in the 1970s, winnin sax titles (1970, 1973–1976 an 1978), wi [[John Spencer (snooker player)|John Spencer]] winnin three.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nunns |first=Hector |title=Before the Crucible |url=http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |publisher=Inside Snooker |access-date=29 January 2016 |date=8 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204210827/http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |archive-date=4 February 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=24 April 1976 |page=15 |title=Snooker – Reardon's a class above rest|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_los-angeles-times_1976-04-24_95/page/15 }}</ref> [[Steve Davis]]' first warld title in 1981 made him anely the 11t warld champion syne 1927, takin in the winner o the boycotted 1952 title, Horace Lindrum.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=21 April 1981 |page=1 |title=Champion at 23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 April 1981 |page=10 |title=Snooker – Davis can beat the system|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_1981-04-07_not-available/page/10 }}</ref> Davis wad win sax Warld Championships (1981, 1983, 1984 an 1987–1989), an vyed in the maist watched snooker match iver: the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] final wi [[Dennis Taylor]].<ref name="BBC 1985 bbf">{{cite news |title=1985: The black ball final |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=4 May 2011 |date=18 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928235825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> [[Stephen Hendry]] became the 14t in 1990 an wis heidmaist throu the 1990s, winnin seiven titles (1990, 1992–1996 an 1999).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /><ref name="Global Snooker">{{cite web |title=warld Championship – Roll o Honour |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=18 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222034318/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |archive-date=22 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] is the closest tae dominance in the modren era, haein wun the title on five occasions in the 21t century (2001, 2004, 2008, 2012 an 2013).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /> [[Mark Williams]] haes wun three times (2000, 2003 an 2018) an [[John Higgins]] fower times (1998, 2007, 2009 an 2011), but syne the stert o the century, thare haesnae been a heidmaist force lik in past decades, an the modren era haes seen mony players playin tae a seimilar staundart, insteid o ae player raisin the bar. Davis, fur ensaumple, wan mair rankin toornaments nor the lave o the tap-64 players pit thegither bi 1985. Bi keppin his title in 2013, O'Sullivan became the first player tae come speed wi uphaudin the Warld Championship syne Hendry in 1996 ([[Mark Selby]] wad dae this in 2017 forbye).<ref name="warld Champions" /> == Relatit pages == * [[2019-20 snooker season|2019-20 snooker saison]] * [[Ladies warld Snooker Championship]]<!--Should be integrated into the main text, with information on women in the sport; this article is pretty much a sausage party. The words "women" or "woman" appear nowhere in it other than this comment.--> == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == === Citations === {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Snookerolympic">{{cite news |title=Snooker bids to be included in 2020 Olympics in Tokyo |author= |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 January 2015 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/30942350 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808061802/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/30942350 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Macmillan British">{{cite web |title=Pronunciation of ''snooker'' |work=Macmillan Dictionary |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/snooker |publisher=Macmillan Publishers<!--"Publishers" should not be removed; this is a different company than the US-based Macmillan Publishing, since 1896.--> |location=London, UK |access-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415162427/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/snooker |archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name="Macmillan American">{{cite web |title=American pronunciation of ''snooker'' |work=Macmillan Dictionary |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/american/snooker |publisher=op. cit. |access-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512225433/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/american/snooker |archive-date=12 May 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Neville Chamberlain disambiguation">{{cite book |last1=Moreman |first1=T. R. |chapter=Chamberlain, Sir Neville Francis Fitzgerald (1856–1944), army officer and inventor of snooker |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |date=25 May 2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/73766}}</ref> <ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance">{{cite news |title=Where does Ronnie rank? |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=21 February 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4283589.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601033451/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4283589.stm |archive-date=1 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BeebDing2">{{cite news |title=China in Ding's hands |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=22 January 2007 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6288739.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827174441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6288739.stm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="origins">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sporting-vernacular-11-snooker-1089731.html |first=Chris |last=Maume |title=Sporting Vernacular 11. Snooker |work=The Independent |date=25 April 1999 |access-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211083228/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/sporting-vernacular-11-snooker-1089731.html |archive-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> <ref name="heritage2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.snookerheritage.co.uk/normans-articles/days-of-old/origins-of-snooker/ |title=Origins of Snooker |first=Peter |last=Clare |date=2008 |publisher=Snooker Heritage |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103150005/http://snookerheritage.co.uk/normans-articles/days-of-old/origins-of-snooker/ |archive-date=3 January 2017}}</ref> <ref name="telegraph2014">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/india/articles/Ooty-India-back-in-time-to-the-birthplace-of-snooker/ |title=Ooty, India: back in time to the birthplace of snooker |date=16 June 2014 |newspaper=The Telegraph |first=Martin |last=Hughes-Games |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321074803/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/asia/india/articles/Ooty-India-back-in-time-to-the-birthplace-of-snooker/ |archive-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> <ref name="CnVTimeline">{{cite web |title=Cues n Views – History Page, timeline |last=Smith |first=John A |work=cuesnviews.co.uk |date= |access-date=24 February 2007 |url=http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |language= |quote=Joe Davis will reinvent this after-dinner pastime and become warld champion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216115629/http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |archive-date=10 February 2008}}</ref> <ref name="news_BBCS">{{cite news |title=Pot Black returns |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=27 October 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117104945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Cue China">{{cite magazine |title=2008 Summer Journey – TIME |author= |magazine=TIME.com |date=19 June 2008 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813223355/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |archive-date=13 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="FCS-PB">{{cite web |first=Frank |last=Callan |title=Pot Black Ratings |work=FCSnooker.co.uk |date=15 March 2007 |url=http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315035635/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=13 November 2017 |quote=Surprisingly, the programme raced to second place in the BBC2 ratings }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615125823/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |date=2011-06-15 }}</ref> <ref name="commonwealth">{{cite news |title=warld Championships 2002 {{!}} Take snooker to the warld |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=5 May 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225160919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="OTT-40">{{cite web |url=http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |title=1978&nbsp;– The warld Snooker Championships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |archive-date=27 April 2006 |date=27 April 2006 |quote=By 1977, though, a new lighting system had been devised, allowing the players to be seen clearly without problems and, the following year, Aubrey Singer agreed to cover the warld Championships all the way through, with an hour of highlights every day for 16 days |access-date=24 February 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |date=2006-04-27 }})</ref> <ref name="GuardianThatch">{{cite web |title=Paul MacInnes: Can an alice band save snooker? |last=MacInnes |first=Paul |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722062340/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |archive-date=22 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="GuardianSponsor">{{cite web |title=Snooker: warld championship finds new sponsors |author= |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325161804/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |archive-date=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BeebDing1">{{cite news |title=Could Ding be snooker's saviour? |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=4 April 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4408523.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127141717/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/4408523.stm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="wsrulessnooker">{{cite web |title=Official Rules of the Games of Snooker and English Billiards |url=http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |publisher=[[warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association|The warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association Limited]] |date=November 2014 |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084316/http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=}}</ref> <ref name="rule_Snoo">{{cite web |title=Snooker for beginners |author= |work=Snooker rules and refereeing |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013735/http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BBC147">{{cite news |title=Ding compiles maximum at Masters |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 January 2007 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207225605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |archive-date=7 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="belf_Alex">{{cite news |title=Alex Higgins: A 155 break impossible? Not for Higgy – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508102333/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |archive-date=8 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="pund_147I">{{cite web |title=147 Is Not Snooker's Maximum Break |author= |work=Pundit Arena |date=2 December 2014 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013406/http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="BBCWSN1">{{cite news |title=warld title victory delights Dott |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=2 May 2006 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307030914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |archive-date=7 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="belf_Mark">{{cite news |title=Mark Allen pockets £70k Scottish Open title with a 'nice fluke' – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013259/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="roomsize">Peter Ietswaart, {{cite web |url=http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |author=Ietswaart, Peter |title=Thurston Snooker Table makers |quote=Recommended room size for full size table 22&nbsp;ft × 16&nbsp;ft |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503151323/http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |archive-date=3 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="snoo_Pool">{{cite web |title=Pool Table Room Size Guide – Snooker & Pool Table Company Ltd |author= |work=snookerandpooltablecompany.com |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051405/https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Scorboard">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |title=What is Scoreboard in Snooker? Definition and Meaning |publisher=sportsdefinitions.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060047/http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> <ref name="wpbsafounding">{{cite news |title=WPBSA v TSN |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=16 February 2001 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030101203136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |archive-date=1 January 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="biggestbreak">{{cite news |title=Snooker's biggest break |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=7 December 2000 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1059298.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217035813/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1059298.stm |archive-date=17 December 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="infighting2">{{cite news |title=Snooker authorities survive bid |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=13 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040526051838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |archive-date=26 May 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="infighting3">{{cite news |title=Snooker at the crossroads |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711122138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |archive-date=11 July 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ibsf">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |title=About Us |work=IBSF.info |publisher=[[International Billiards and Snooker Federation]] |date=2017 |access-date=13 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812003050/http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> <ref name="WSrankinchart">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/pdfs/WSAPointsSchedule0910.pdf |title=Professional Tour rankin points |publisher=warld Snooker |access-date=25 January 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="top16-1">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/5234798.stm |title=Swail targeting place in top 16 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 August 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref> <ref name="top16-2">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2000/uk_championship_snooker/1039775.stm |title=The Seeds of Success |publisher=BBC Sport |date=24 November 2000 |access-date=25 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name="Prize">{{cite web |title=2019–2020 Season Summary |author= |work=worldsnooker.com |date= |access-date=30 July 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719025727/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="5J29x">{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 October 1946 |page=8 |title=Billiards and Snooker – J Davis retires}}</ref> <ref name="Shamos 1994">{{cite book |last1=Shamos |first1=Mike |title=Pool |url=https://archive.org/details/poolhistorystrat0000sham |url-access=registration |date=1994 |publisher=Friedman Fairfax |location=New York City |ref=Shamos 1994 |page=[https://archive.org/details/poolhistorystrat0000sham/page/50 50]}}</ref> <ref name="IFuYf">{{cite news |title=warld Snooker prize money increase highlights 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2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="en.e_O'Su">{{cite web |title=O'Sullivan excited by new Champion of Champions event |author= |work=ESPN.co.uk |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721145126/http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |archive-date=21 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="cham_Cham">{{cite web |title=Champion of Champions Qualifying Criteria Confirmed – Champion of Champions Snooker |author= |work=Champion of Champions Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013150233/http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="azbi_Inau">{{cite web |title=Inaugural warld Team Trophy Sees 24 of the Best Cuesports Champions Assemble in Paris |author= |work=azbilliards.com |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085806/https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="bbc._Ronn">{{cite web |title=Ronnie O'Sullivan 'ready to go' with breakaway snooker tour |author= |work=BBC Sport |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820190307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="vDR55">{{cite web |title=Embassy warld Championship |url=http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |publisher=Snooker Scene |access-date=9 May 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |date=2013-01-24 }}</ref> <ref name="QqJ6D">{{cite book |last=Eric |first=Hayton |title=The CueSport Book of Professional Snooker: The Complete Record & History |year=2004 |publisher=Rose Villa Publications |location=London |isbn=0-9548549-0-X |page=11}}</ref> <ref name="jtHKc">{{cite web |title=Billiards/Snooker/Men/ |url=http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |publisher=warld Games 2001 Akita |access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020319022044/http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |archive-date=19 March 2002}}</ref> <ref name="eN7hQ">{{cite web |title=Snooker Results (Men) |url=http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |publisher=Sports123.com |access-date=23 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222050119/http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |archive-date=22 February 2009}}</ref> <ref name="LANCS">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Women's Billiards. Association Formed to Control the Championships. |url= |magazine=Lancashire Evening Post |location=p.10 |publisher= |date=1 October 1931 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref> <ref name="worl_WPBS">{{cite web |title=WPBSA warld Seniors Tour – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003113215/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="J3Vse">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=No interference |url= |magazine=Gloucestershire Echo |location=p.5 |publisher= |date=30 November 1933 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref> }} === Sources === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |title=Snooker's warld Champions: Masters of the Baize |first1=Paul |last1=Gadsby |first2=Luke |last2=Williams |year=2012 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-78057-715-9 |ref=harv}} {{refend}} == External links == {{Commons and category}} {{Wiktionary|en}} * [http://www.cuesports.club/ Cuesports.club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317012610/http://www.cuesports.club/ |date=2019-03-17 }} * [http://www.worldsnooker.com/ Warld Snooker Limited] * [http://www.wpbsa.com/ Warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association] * [http://www.ibsf.info/ International Billiards & Snooker Federation] * [http://www.ebsa.tv/ European Billiards & Snooker Association] * [http://www.sinucasinuca.com.br/historia/ History of Billiards in Brazil] [[Category:Snooker| ]] [[Category:Individual sports]] [[Category:Indoor sports]] [[Category:Sports originating in South Asia]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] ngd3m5kn2erwllapy5p6jlocsuxwl6o 0 91445 919097 871582 2026-07-10T00:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 629722425 | IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-1-phenylpropan-2-amine<br />(''RS'')-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane | image = Racemic amphetamine 2.svg | alt = An image o the amphetamine compoond | image2 = D-Amphetamine-3D-balls.png | alt2 = A 3d image o the amphetamine compoond | imagename = 1 : 1 mixture (racemate) | drug_name = Amphetamine <!--Clinical data--> | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|parent|amphetamine}} | pregnancy_US = C | legal_AU = Schedule 8 | legal_CA = Schedule I | legal_UK = [[Drogs controlled bi the UK Misuise o Drugs Act#Class B drogs|Class B]] | legal_US = Schedule II | legal_UN = Psychotropic Schedule II | licence_US = Adderall | legal_status = Rx-anly | dependency_liability = Pheesical: none<br />Psychological: moderate | addiction_liability = Moderate | routes_of_administration= Medical: [[Oral route|oral]], [[Nasal admeenistration|nasal inhalation]] <br />Recreational: [[Oral route|oral]], [[Nasal admeenistration|nasal inhalation]], [[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflation]], [[Suppository|rectal]], [[intravenous]] <!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = Rectal&nbsp;95–100%; {{nowrap|Oral 75–100%}}<ref name="Drugbank-dexamph">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Dextroamphetamine | section-url=http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01576#pharmacology | work=DrugBank | publisher=University of Alberta | accessdate=5 November 2013 | date=8 February 2013 | section=Pharmacology | archive-date=2019-08-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806163223/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01576#pharmacology | url-status=dead }}</ref> | protein_bound = 15–40%<ref name="Drugbank-amph">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Amphetamine | section-url=http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00182#pharmacology | work=DrugBank | publisher=University of Alberta | accessdate=5 November 2013 | date=8 February 2013 | section=Pharmacology | archive-date=2013-10-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012061802/http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00182#pharmacology | url-status=dead }}</ref> | metabolism = [[CYP2D6]],<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics">{{cite web | title = Adderall XR Prescribing Information | url = http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf | pages = 12–13 | publisher = Shire US Inc | work = United States Food and Drug Administration |date=December 2013 | accessdate = 30 December 2013 }}</ref> [[Dopamine β-hydroxylase|DBH]],<ref name="DBH ref">{{cite book | title=Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry | year=2013 | publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location=Philadelphia, USA | isbn= 9781609133450 | page=648 | author=Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W|edition=7th | quote=Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA β-hydroxylase can afford norephedrine.}}</ref><ref name="DBH amph primary">{{cite journal | author = Taylor KB | title = Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Stereochemical course of the reaction | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 249 | issue = 2 | pages = 454–458 | date = January 1974 | pmid = 4809526 | accessdate = 6 November 2014 | url = http://www.jbc.org/content/249/2/454.full.pdf | quote = Dopamine-β-hydroxylase catalyzed the removal of the pro-R hydrogen atom and the production of 1-norephedrine, (2S,1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyl-1-phenylpropane, from d-amphetamine. }}</ref><ref name="DBH 4-HA primary">{{cite journal | author = Horwitz D, Alexander RW, Lovenberg W, Keiser HR | title = Human serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Relationship to hypertension and sympathetic activity | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_circulation-research_1973-05_32_5/page/594 | journal = Circ. Res. | volume = 32 | issue = 5 | pages = 594–599 | date = May 1973 | pmid = 4713201 | doi = 10.1161/01.RES.32.5.594 | quote = Subjects with exceptionally low levels of serum dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity showed normal cardiovascular function and normal β-hydroxylation of an administered synthetic substrate, hydroxyamphetamine. }}</ref> [[Flavin-containing monooxygenase|FMO3]],<ref name="FMO">{{cite journal | author = Krueger SK, Williams DE | title = Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism | journal = Pharmacol. Ther. | volume = 106 | issue = 3 | pages = 357–387 |date=June 2005 | pmid = 15922018 | pmc = 1828602 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001 }}</ref><ref name="FMO3-Primary">{{cite journal | author = Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A | title = N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication | journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | volume = 288 | issue = 3 | pages = 1251–1260 | date = March 1999 |pmid = 10027866 }}</ref> [[butyrate-CoA ligase|XM-ligase]],<ref name="Benzoic1">{{cite encyclopedia| title=butyrate-CoA ligase| section-url=http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/enzyme.php?ecno=6.2.1.2&Suchword=&organism%5B%5D=Homo+sapiens&show_tm=0 | work=BRENDA| publisher=Technische Universität Braunschweig.| accessdate=7 May 2014| section=Substrate/Product}}</ref> an [[glycine N-acyltransferase|ACGNAT]]<ref name="Benzoic2">{{cite encyclopedia | title=glycine N-acyltransferase| section-url=http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/enzyme.php?ecno=2.3.1.13&Suchword=&organism%5B%5D=Homo+sapiens&show_tm=0 | work=BRENDA| publisher=Technische Universität Braunschweig.| accessdate=7 May 2014| section=Substrate/Product}}</ref> | onset = Immediate | elimination_half-life = {{abbr|D-amph|Dextroamphetamine}}:9–11h;<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /><ref name="Adderall IR">{{cite web | title=Adderall IR Prescribing Information | url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/011522s040lbl.pdf | publisher = Barr Laboratories, Inc. | work = United States Food and Drug Administration |date=March 2007 | accessdate=2 November 2013 | pages=4–5}}</ref> {{nowrap|{{abbr|L-amph|Levoamphetamine}}:11–14h<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /><ref name="Adderall IR" />}} | excretion = [[Renal]]; [[pH]]-dependent {{nowrap|range: 1–75%}}<ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics" /> <!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CAS_number = 300-62-9 | ATC_prefix = N06 | ATC_suffix = BA01 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 2679 | PDB_ligand = FRD | IUPHAR_ligand = 4804 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | PubChem = 3007 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00182 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 13852819 | NIAID_ChemDB = 018564 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = CK833KGX7E | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D07445 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 405 | synonyms = α-methylphenethylamine <!--Chemical data--> | C=9 | H=13 | N=1 | molecular_weight = 135.2084&nbsp;g/mol | smiles = NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C | InChI = 1/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3 | density = 0.9±0.1 | boiling_point = 203 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Properties">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Amphetamine | section-url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=3007#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties | work=PubChem Compound | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information | accessdate=13 October 2013 | section=Chemical and Physical Properties }}</ref> | melting_point = 11.3 | melting_notes = <ref name="Chemspider">{{cite encyclopedia | section-url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13852819.html | work=Chemspider | title=Amphetamine | accessdate=6 November 2013 | section=Properties: Predicted – EP{{pipe}}Suite }}</ref> }} '''Amphetamine''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|audio=En-us-amphetamine.ogg|æ|m|ˈ|f|ɛ|t|ə|m|iː|n}}; contractit frae {{nowrap|[[Alpha an beta carbon|alpha]]‑[[methylphenethylamine]]}}) is a potent [[central nervous seestem]] (CNS) [[stimulant]] o the [[substituted phenethylamine|phenethylamine class]] that is uised in the treatment o [[attention deficit hyperacteevity disorder]] (ADHD) an [[narcolepsy]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Amphetamine| ]] [[Category:Anorectics]] [[Category:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] [[Category:Drogs actin on the cardiovascular seestem]] [[Category:Drogs actin on the nervous seestem]] [[Category:Drogs in sport]] [[Category:Euphoriants]] [[Category:Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitors]] [[Category:German inventions]] [[Category:5-HT1A agonists]] [[Category:Nootropics]] [[Category:Norepinephrine-dopamine releasin agents]] [[Category:Phenethylamines]] [[Category:Stimulants]] [[Category:Substitutit amphetamines]] [[Category:TAAR1 agonists]] [[Category:Treatment an management o attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] [[Category:VMAT inhibitors]] 2o0wslbkvr3kcuznj9vqutnw7rilz2i 0 133931 919109 892398 2026-07-10T07:11:52Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o 178.78.252.98, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 891187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox medical condeetion |Name = Birth |Image = Postpartum baby2.jpg |Caption = Newborn bairn an mither |Width = 300 |Field = [[Obstetrics]] }} '''Birth''', forby kent as '''hame-comin''', is the act or process o bearin or bringin forth [[affspring]]. It is the culmination o a period o [[biggenin]] wi the expulsion o ane or mair newborn [[bairn]]s frae a female ainimal's [[uterus]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Life]] [[Category:Biology]] [[Category:Birth]] [[Category:Human development]] [[Category:Human biggenin]] [[Category:Howdiein]] 5nw06pybenbccmku5a6sksfj6f0riuf 0 155094 919123 783240 2026-07-10T11:23:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = Hiroshi Amano<br>天野 浩 | image = Hiroshi Amano 20141211.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Hiroshi Amano | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|9|11}} | birth_place = [[Hamamatsu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=University Webpage|url=http://profs.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp/view/html/100001778_en.html|website=Nagoya University|accessdate=October 7, 2014|archive-date=2019-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107071642/http://profs.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp/view/html/100001778_en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = [[Nagoya Varsity]] | alma_mater = [[Nagoya Varsity]] | doctoral_advisor = [[Isamu Akasaki]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = [[Licht-emittin diode#Ultraviolet an blue LEDs|Blue]] an [[Licht-emittin diode#White licht|white]] [[Licht-emittin diode|LEDs]] | influences = | influenced = | awards = IEEE/LEOS Ingineerin Achievement Awaird {{small|(1996)}}<br>[[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] {{small|(2014)}}<br>[[Person o Cultural Merit]] {{small|(2014)}}<br>[[Order o Cultur]] {{small|(2014)}}<br>Chu-Nichi Culture Prize {{small|(2015)}}<br>Asie Gemme Chynger Awaird {{small|(2015)}} | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} {{nihongo|'''Hiroshi Amano'''|天野 浩|''Amano Hiroshi''| born September 11, 1960}} is a Japanese [[pheesicist]] an inventor specialisin in the field o [[semiconductor]] technologie. For his wirk he wis awairdit the 2014 [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] thegither wi [[Isamu Akasaki]] an [[Shuji Nakamura]] for "the invention o efficient blue [[licht-emittin diode]]s which haes enabled bricht an energy-savin white licht sources".<ref name=NobelPrize>{{cite web|title=The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics - Press Release|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2014/press.html|website=Nobelprize.org|publisher=Nobel Media AB 2014|accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Amano, Hiroshi}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Nagoya Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Japanese Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Japanese pheesicists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Hamamatsu]] dox6wgrt1p5581zlhlwv8h9qfem7s2n 0 178794 919102 912798 2026-07-10T01:17:19Z Leminencenoir 134102 Fixed grammar 919102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country | native_name = {{native name|ca|República Catalana}}<br>{{native name|es|República Catalana}}<br>{{native name|oc|Republica Catalana}} | conventional_long_name = Catalan Republic | common_name = Catalonie | continent = Europe | era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. --> | status = [[List of states with limited recognition|Proposed unrecognized state]] | empire = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency --> | government_type = [[Republic]] <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates --> <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" --> | event_pre = [[Catalan unthirldom referendum, 2017|Referendum]] | date_pre = 1 October 2017 | event_start = [[Declaration o unthirldom Catalonie|Declared]] | date_start = 27 October | year_start = 2017 | event_end = [[2017 Spaingie constitutional crisis#Unthirl declaration an direct rule|Direct rule enforcit]] | date_end = 30 October | year_end = 2017 | event_post = {{nowrap|Declaration annulled}} | date_post = 8 November 2017 <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --> | image_flag = Flag of Catalonia.svg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE, SEE TALK PAGE --> | image_coat = Seal of the Generalitat of Catalonia.svg | symbol_type = [[Seal o the Generalitat de Catalunya|Seal]] | national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | national_anthem = {{native name|ca|[[Els Segadors]]|nbsp=omit}}<br /> {{smaller|"The Reapers"}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Els Segadors.ogg|center]]</div> | royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wiki-linked if link exists--> | image_map = Map of Catalan Republic.svg | image_map_caption = Location o the Catalan Republic athin Europe | capital = Barcelona | common_languages = {{hlist|[[Catalan leid|Catalan]]|[[Occitan leid|Occitan]]|[[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]}} | demonym = Catalan | year_leader1 = 2017 | footnote_a = [[Spaingie euro coins|Uised unilaterally]]; the Catalan Republic wis no a formal member o the [[Eurozone]]. | footnote_b = Unner the [[Law o juridical transition an foondation o the Republic]], local, autonomic an state regulations in force in Catalonie at the time o entry intae force o this Law continued tae applee unless in contravention wi it. This includit Catalonie's offeecial simbologie as providit unner the [[Statute o Autonomy o Catalonie]] an ither laws. | footnote_c = On 31 October 2017, the unthirldom declaration wis suspendit bi the [[Constitutional Coort o Spain]]. }} The '''Catalan Republic''' ({{lang-ca|República Catalana}}) was a proposed unrecognized secessionist state that declared independence from [[Spain]] on 27 October 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/27/spanish-pm-mariano-rajoy-asks-senate-powers-dismiss-catalonia-president |title=Catalan parliament votes to declare independence from Spain |work=Guardian |date=27 October 2017 |access-date=27 October 2017 |lang=en}} </ref> The Spanish Government imposed direct rule under Article 155 of its constitution in reaction to this. ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremit airtins == * [http://www.catalangovernment.eu/ Government of Catalonia] {{en icon}} * [http://www.parlament.cat/ Parliament of Catalonia] {{ca icon}} [[Category:States an territories established in 2017]] [[Category:Unrecognized or lairgely unrecognized states]] [[Category:Politics o Catalonie]] [[Category:History o Catalonie]] [[Category:History o Spain (1975–present)]] 4mpk6p00q17ad9td981zz0pnc6zqong 919103 919102 2026-07-10T01:23:44Z Leminencenoir 134102 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/919102|919102]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Leminencenoir|Leminencenoir]] ([[User talk:Leminencenoir|Tauk]]) i thought this was english Wikipedia,sorry scottish friends! 919103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country | native_name = {{native name|ca|República Catalana}}<br>{{native name|es|República Catalana}}<br>{{native name|oc|Republica Catalana}} | conventional_long_name = Catalan Republic | common_name = Catalonie | continent = Europe | era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. --> | status = [[List of states with limited recognition|Proposed unrecognized state]] | empire = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency --> | government_type = [[Republic]] <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates --> <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" --> | event_pre = [[Catalan unthirldom referendum, 2017|Referendum]] | date_pre = 1 October 2017 | event_start = [[Declaration o unthirldom Catalonie|Declared]] | date_start = 27 October | year_start = 2017 | event_end = [[2017 Spaingie constitutional crisis#Unthirl declaration an direct rule|Direct rule enforcit]] | date_end = 30 October | year_end = 2017 | event_post = {{nowrap|Declaration annulled}} | date_post = 8 November 2017 <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --> | image_flag = Flag of Catalonia.svg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE, SEE TALK PAGE --> | image_coat = Seal of the Generalitat of Catalonia.svg | symbol_type = [[Seal o the Generalitat de Catalunya|Seal]] | national_motto = <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> | national_anthem = {{native name|ca|[[Els Segadors]]|nbsp=omit}}<br /> {{smaller|"The Reapers"}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Els Segadors.ogg|center]]</div> | royal_anthem = <!--in inverted commas and wiki-linked if link exists--> | image_map = Map of Catalan Republic.svg | image_map_caption = Location o the Catalan Republic athin Europe | capital = Barcelona | common_languages = {{hlist|[[Catalan leid|Catalan]]|[[Occitan leid|Occitan]]|[[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]}} | demonym = Catalan | year_leader1 = 2017 | footnote_a = [[Spaingie euro coins|Uised unilaterally]]; the Catalan Republic wis no a formal member o the [[Eurozone]]. | footnote_b = Unner the [[Law o juridical transition an foondation o the Republic]], local, autonomic an state regulations in force in Catalonie at the time o entry intae force o this Law continued tae applee unless in contravention wi it. This includit Catalonie's offeecial simbologie as providit unner the [[Statute o Autonomy o Catalonie]] an ither laws. | footnote_c = On 31 October 2017, the unthirldom declaration wis suspendit bi the [[Constitutional Coort o Spain]]. }} The '''Catalan Republic''' ({{lang-ca|República Catalana}}) wis a proponed unrecognisit secessionist state that declared independence frae [[Spain]] on 27 October 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/27/spanish-pm-mariano-rajoy-asks-senate-powers-dismiss-catalonia-president |title=Catalan parliament votes to declare independence from Spain |work=Guardian |date=27 October 2017 |access-date=27 October 2017 |lang=en}} </ref> The Spainis Govrenment imposit direct rule unner Airticle 155 o its constitution i reaction tae this. ==References== {{Reflist}} == Fremit airtins == * [http://www.catalangovernment.eu/ Government of Catalonia] {{en icon}} * [http://www.parlament.cat/ Parliament of Catalonia] {{ca icon}} [[Category:States an territories established in 2017]] [[Category:Unrecognized or lairgely unrecognized states]] [[Category:Politics o Catalonie]] [[Category:History o Catalonie]] [[Category:History o Spain (1975–present)]] jt6pmzznph68ej52ckdzn1azbpvpkzf 0 183014 919121 785235 2026-07-10T08:20:40Z ~2026-38992-37 134112 /* */ 919121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Martin Compston | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|5|8|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Greenock|Greenock, Innerclyde]], Scotland | occupation = Actor, umwhile professional fitbawer, tiktoaker | yearsactive = 2002–present | spouse = Tianna Chanel Flynn (m. 2016) | module = {{Infobox football biography | embed = yes | name = | image = | fullname = | birth_date = | birth_place = | height = | position = [[Midfielder]] | youthyears1= | youthclubs1= Greenock Morton Youth | years1 = 2001–2002 | clubs1 = [[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]] | caps1 = 2 | goals1 = 0 }} }} '''Martin Compston''' (born 8 Mey 1984) is a Scots actor an umwhile [[Association Fitbaa|professional fitbawer]]. He is aiblins maist weel kent for his lead role as Anti-Corruption Unit Detective Sergeant Steve Arnott in hit [[BBC]] crime drama ''[[Line of Duty]]''. His ither notable roles include Liam in [[Ken Loach|Ken Loach's]] ''[[Sweet Sixteen (2002 film)|Sweet Sixteen]]'', Paul Ferris in 2013 blockbuster ''[[The Wee Man]]'', an Ewan Brodie in ''[[Monarch of the Glen (TV series)|Monarch of the Glen]].''<ref name=Guardian-SoulBoy-2010>{{cite news|last1=Clarke|first1=Cath|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/aug/26/martin-compston-soulboy|title=How Martin Compston shimmied from football to films|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=26 August 2010|accessdate=4 July 2013}}</ref> He is also kenned oan the TikToak at eh username @greenock.thespian ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Compston, Martin}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Greenock]] [[Category:Scots fitbawers]] [[Category:Greenock Morton F.C. players]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scottish Football League players]] rfwtikstn1coe7jqaokxz9cz6r3deds 1 188065 919098 914935 2026-07-10T00:46:03Z ~2026-39054-05 134101 /* Pose */ new section 919098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translatit page|EN|69 (sex position)}} == Pose == 69 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-39054-05|&#126;2026-39054-05]] ([[Uiser collogue:&#126;2026-39054-05|talk]]) 00:46, 10 Julie 2026 (UTC) 72yoz9sk9rmxjv0sq8s3zp3dnwwurns 919099 919098 2026-07-10T00:48:34Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-39054-05, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 639323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{translatit page|EN|69 (sex position)}} j3p7fhj7x9xpeocyle63mtd5796mfvp 0 204827 919116 912914 2026-07-10T08:01:31Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Palanga | image = | fullname = VšĮ FK Palanga | nickname = (''palangiškiai'') | founded = 2010 | ground = [[Palanga Stadion]]<br/>[[Palanga]] | capacity = 1,400 | chairman = Mindaugas Gobikas | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = x | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = x | season = x | position = x | website = http://www.fkpalanga.lt/ | current = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = FFFF00 | body1 = FFFF00 | rightarm1 = FFFF00 | shorts1 = FFFF00 | socks1 = FFFF00 | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | leftarm2 = 3340AF | body2 = 3340AF | rightarm2 = 3340AF | shorts2 = 3340AF | socks2 = 3340AF }} '''Futbolo klubas Palanga''' ({{IPA-lt| [palanga] |pron}}; '''Palanga''' for short) was a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Palanga]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''Pirma lyga (D2)''' ** '''Winners (1)''' : 2017 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu11lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820035409/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu11lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''12.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''12.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[https://toplyga.lt/komanda/palanga Offeecial wabsteid: TOPLYGA] {{lt icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Palanga FK}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] f9hiphaf795llc4xfqdyoaoghnww1r4 0 204834 919117 912913 2026-07-10T08:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Riteriai | image = | fullname = VšĮ FK Riteriai | nickname = Knights (''riteriai'') | founded = 2005 | ground = [[LFF Stadion]]<br/>[[Vilnius]] | capacity = 5,400 | chairman = Jan Nevoina | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = Gintautas Vaičiūnas | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = 2025 | position = A lyga, 9:t | website = http://www.fkriteriai.lt/ | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1| leftarm1=FFFF00|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=FFFF00|shorts1=FFFF00|socks1=FFFF00| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=282146|body2=282146|rightarm2=282146|shorts2=282146|socks2=282146| }} '''Futbolo klubas Riteriai''' ({{IPA-lt| [Riteriai] |pron}}; '''Trakai''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Vilnius]] that plays in the [[TOPLYGA]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''2ns plass (2)''' : 2015, 2016 == Saisons == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021053827/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu10lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFDD00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/riteriai Offeecial wabsteid: TOPLYGA] {{lt icon}} * [http://www.fkriteriai.lt/ Offeecial wabsteid: fkriteriai.lt] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/trak-fk/17673/ FK Riteriai: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-riteriai/15849/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Riteriai fk}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] 2al2hgyt3u1kitd7aabz36dng8224mq 0 204836 919118 913781 2026-07-10T08:01:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Sūduva | image = | fullname = VšĮ FK Sūduva | nickname = (''sūduviečiai'') | founded = 1968 (oficiel) | ground = [[Marijampolės futbolo arena|Marijampolė Arena]]<br/>[[Marijampolė]] | capacity = 6,250 | chairman = {{Flagicon|LTU}} Dovydas Lastauskas | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = {{flagicon|LTU}} Donatas Vencevičius | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = [[2025]] | position = A lyga, 4:t | website = http://www.fksuduva.lt/ | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | pattern_sh1 = _redsides | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | pattern_sh2 = | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = FF0000 | body2 = FF0000 | rightarm2 = FF0000 | shorts2 = FF0000 | socks2 = FF0000 |pattern_la3=_redshoulders |pattern_b3=_botevvratsa1819_3rd |pattern_ra3=_redshoulders |leftarm3=000000 |body3=000000 |rightarm3=000000 |shorts3=000000 |socks3=000000}} '''Futbolo klubas Sūduva''' ({{IPA-lt| [Su:duva] |pron}}; '''Sūduva''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Marijampolė]] that plays in the [[TOPLYGA]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''Winners (3)''' : 2017, 2018, 2019 * '''CUP (''LFF taurė'')''' ** '''Winners (3)''' : 2006, 2009, 2019 * '''Supercup (LFF Supertaurė)''' ** '''Winners (4)''' : 2009, 2018, 2019, 2022<ref>https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/451019/11-m-baudiniu-serijos-metu-triumfaviusi-suduva-iskovojo-lff-supertaure</ref> == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2000''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Pietūs)'' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu00lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021053802/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu00lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2001''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2002''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2003''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2004''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2005''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2006''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2007''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2008''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2009''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2010.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5f5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda|suduva Offeecial wabsteid: TOPLYGA]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{lt icon}} * [http://fksuduva.lt/ Offeecial wabsteid: fksuduva.lt] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/fk-suduva/1409/ FK Sūduva: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-suduva-marijampole/15841/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sūduva fk}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] cqihih51fqdyogyj9cve2lbxj5rr16g 0 204837 919113 912921 2026-07-10T07:59:44Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Stumbras | image = | fullname = VšĮ FC Stumbras | nickname = (''stumbrėkai'') | founded = 2013 | ground = [[NFA Stadion]]<br/>[[Kaunas]] | capacity = 1,000 | chairman = Richard Walsh | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = | season = | position = | website = http://www.fcstumbras.lt/ | pattern_la1=_levski1718h|pattern_b1=_levski1718h|pattern_ra1=_levski1718h|pattern_sh1 =_whitesides|pattern_so1 = | leftarm1=0040ff|body1=0040ff|rightarm1=0040ff|shorts1=0040ff|socks1=FFFFFF | pattern_la2=_stumbras1819h|pattern_b2=_stumbras1819h|pattern_ra2=_stumbras1819h|pattern_sh2 =_redsides|pattern_so2 = | leftarm2=282146|body2=282146|rightarm2=282146|shorts2=282146|socks2=FF0000 }} '''Futbolo klubas Stumbras''' was a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Kaunas]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''4nd plass (1)''' : 2018 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu13lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820033544/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu13lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== *[https://alyga.lt/komanda/stumbras Offeecial wabsteid: A lyga] {{lt icon}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stumbras FC}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] pudo74jdgz274atmvbpq5buwfio1wae 0 204839 919114 865545 2026-07-10T08:01:25Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Atlantas | image = | fullname = Futbolo klubas Atlantas | nickname = (''atlantieičiai'') | founded = 1962 Granitas <br> 1996 Atlantas | ground = [[Klaipėda Stadion]]<br/>[[Klaipėda]] | capacity = 4,000 | chairman = Vidas Adomaitis | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = x | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = | season = [[2019 A lyga|2019]] | position = A lyga, 6th | website = http://www.atlantasas.lt/ | current = | pattern_la1 = _atlantas1718h | pattern_b1 = _atlantas1718h | pattern_ra1 = _atlantas1718h | pattern_sh1 = _yellowsides | pattern_so1 = | leftarm1 = FFE517 | body1 = FFE517 | rightarm1 = FFE517 | shorts1 = 0048BA | socks1 = FFE517 | pattern_la2 = _atlantas1718a | pattern_b2 = _atlantas1718a | pattern_ra2 = _atlantas1718a | pattern_sh2 = _bluesides | pattern_so2 = | leftarm2 = 0048BA | body2 = 0048BA | rightarm2 = 0048BA | shorts2 = 0048BA | socks2 = 0048BA }} [[File:Klaipėdos centrinis stadionas.JPG|300px|thumb|Klaipėdos centrinis stadionas]] '''Futbolo klubas Atlantas''' ({{IPA-lt| [Atlantas] |pron}}; '''Atlantas''' for short) was a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Klaipėda]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''2nd plass (3)''' : 2001, 2002, 2013 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1996–1997''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/1997_ltu.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1997–1998''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1998–1999''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu99lyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1999''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu99flyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2000''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu00lyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2001''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu01lyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2002''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu02lyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2003''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#f5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu03lyga.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2004''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2005''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2006''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2007''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2008''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2009''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu09lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123062951/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu09lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''Pirma lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2010.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''11.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''A lyga''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(W.)'' | bgcolor="#FFFFff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | |- | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''x.''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''x''' | bgcolor="#FFAAAA" style="text-align:center;"| '''x.''' | |- |} ==Freemit airtins== *[https://alyga.lt/ Offeecial wabsteid: A lyga] {{lt icon}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Atlantas FK}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] it1bma6awe4h8gbqv9cuavz4ewlms54 0 204840 919119 912889 2026-07-10T08:01:40Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Širvėna | image = | fullname = Futbolo klubas "Širvėna" | nickname = (''biržiečiai'') | founded = 1948 | ground = [[Biržai Stadion]]<br/>[[Biržai]] | capacity = 1,000 | chairman = Vytautas Stanulevičius | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = Mantas Pomeckis | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[Antra lyga]] (A divizionas) | season = 2025 | position = 13:t | website = | current = | pattern_la1=_redborder |pattern_b1=_redcollar |pattern_ra1=_redborder |pattern_sh1=_redborder |pattern_so1=_redborder |leftarm1=ff |body1=ff |rightarm1=ff |shorts1=000000 |socks1=000000 | kit_alt2 = | pattern_la2 = _middlesbrough1617h | pattern_b2 = _watford1718a | pattern_ra2 = _middlesbrough1617h | pattern_sh2 = _watford1718a | pattern_so2 = _3_stripes_white | leftarm2 = | body2 = | rightarm2 = | shorts2 = FF0000 | socks2 = FF0000 }} [[File:Biržai, stadionas.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Biržai stadium ''(Biržų stadionas)'']] [[File:Sirvenos_ezeras.JPG|thumb|right|300px| [[:en:Lake Širvėna|Širvėna loch]] sa gheamhradh]] '''Futbolo klubas Širvėna''' ({{IPA-lt| [] |pron}}; '''Širvėna''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Biržai]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''B klasė (D2)''' ** '''Winners (5)''' : 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1953''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''B klasė''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1954''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''B klasė''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1955''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''B klasė''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1956''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''B klasė''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1957''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''B klasė''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Sesong !Nivå !Liga !Plass !Eksterne lenker |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu13lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021054341/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu13lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu14lyga2w.html</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#ffff00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820034515/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2019-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200848/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"|'''2.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-date=2020-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608210521/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''Antra lyga''' ''(Vakarų zona)'' | bgcolor="#ffffdd" style="text-align:center;"|'''8.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2w.html</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Širvėna fk}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] gkamdblpda9bif4vjz3a0q0jh56gwvu 0 215522 919115 912917 2026-07-10T08:01:27Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FK Banga | image = | fullname = VšĮ „Gargždų futbolas“ | nickname = (''tigrai'') | founded = 1966 | ground = [[Gargždai Stadion]]<br/>[[Gargždai]] | capacity = 2.300<ref>http://www.fkbanga.lt/stadionas</ref> | chairman = [[Rimantas Mikalauskas]]<ref>http://www.fkbanga.lt/kontaktai</ref> | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = [[David Afonso]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = 2025 | position = A lyga, 8-t | website = http://www.fkbanga.lt/ | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1= | leftarm1=FF6600|body1=FF6600|rightarm1=FF6600|shorts1=FF6600|socks1=FF6600 | pattern_la2=_navyshoulders|pattern_b2=_thindkbluesides|pattern_ra2=_navyshoulders | leftarm2=223D71|body2=223D71|rightarm2=223D71|shorts2=223D71|socks2=223D71 }} [[File:Gargždai,_stadionas.JPG|thumb|right|300px|[[Gargždai Stadium]] in [[Gargždai]].]] '''Futbolo klubas Banga''' ({{IPA-lt| [banga] |pron}}; '''Banga''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Gargždai]] that plays in the [[TOPLYGA]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''LFF Cup''' ** '''Winner (1):''' 2024 ** '''Finalists (3)''' : 2011, 2014, 2019.<ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/litocuphist.html</ref> == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2004''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu04lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-02-13 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820033958/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu04lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2005''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu05lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-02-13 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820034430/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu05lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2006''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''12.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito06.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2007''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito07.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2008''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito08.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2009''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito09.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2010.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2011''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2011.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2012''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2012.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2013.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2014.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2015.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2016.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2017.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#deb678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2018.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://lietuvosfutbolas.lt/varzybos/vyru/i-lyga/</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''8.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [https://alyga.lt/komanda/banga Offeecial wabsteid: A lyga] {{lt icon}} * [http://www.fkbanga.lt Offeecial wabsteid: fkbanga.lt] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/banga FK Banga: toplyga.lt] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/banga-gargzdai/6593/ FK Banga: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fk-banga-gargzdai/15839/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Banga FK}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] c2u79mikppzncsow942lirppqb5qnvh 0 215589 919107 915512 2026-07-10T04:47:12Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the castle in South Lanarkshire|Douglas Castle}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox UK place | country = Scotland | official_name = Castle Douglas | gaelic_name = Caisteal Dhùghlais | population = 4,174 | population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]]) | os_grid_reference = NX765625 | coordinates = {{coord|54.941|-3.929|display=inline,title}} | unitary_scotland = [[Dumfries and Galloway]] | lieutenancy_scotland = [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] | constituency_westminster = [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] | constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Galloway and West Dumfries (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and West Dumfries]] | post_town = CASTLE DOUGLAS | postcode_district = DG7 | postcode_area = DG | dial_code = 01556 | static_image_name = File:King Street, Castle Douglas - geograph.org.uk - 1538897.jpg | static_image_caption = Castle Douglas, King Street wi the Toun Clock tour at the centre | edinburgh_distance_mi = 76 | london_distance_mi = 285 }} '''Castle Douglas''' (Scottish Gaelic: Caisteal Dhùghlais) is a toun in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It is locatit in the [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|lieutenancy area]] o [[Kirkcoubrieshire]], in the eastlin airt o [[Gallowa]], atween the touns o [[Dawbeattie]] (Dalbeattie) an [[Gatehoose o Fleet|Gaithoose o Fleet]]. It is in the ecclesiastical pairish o Kelton. ==History== [[File:Castle Douglas Public Library, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Castle Douglas, The Leebrary, built 1904.]] Castle Douglas is biggit aside [[Carlinwark Loch]] that signacles o prehistoric [[crannog]]s can be fand in, evidence o early habitation o the pairt. A muckle bronze caudron conteenin aboot 100 metal objects wis fund in Carlinwark Loch near Fir Island aboot 1866. The huird o tuils o airn an bronze is belike Romano-Belgic in oreegin, o the late first or early seicont centuries CE an is belike tae hae been a votive offerin. It is noo in the [[Naitional Museum o Scotland]] in [[Edinburgh]]. Til the north o the toun [[Glenlochar]] is the site o twa successive [[Roman Empire|Roman]] forts, the first bein biggit durin the invasion o [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola|Agricola]] an the saicont durin the Antonine speal. Thay appear tae hae been for cavalry units an evidence haes been fund that a "vicus" growed up around thaim. Thay wis completely abandont aboot 160 CE.<ref>Somerset Fry, Roman Britain, P 508</ref> Nearby [[Threave Castle]] wis the seat o the pouerful [[Black Yerls o Douglas]]. A smaw collection o cots developit by the shore o Carlinwark Loch that wis a soorce o [[marl]]. Thir cots can yet be seen on the wastlin approach tae Castle Douglas an is kent as ''The Buchan''. The development o a militar road throu Gallowa built bi [[Major William Caulfield]] passt throu the Carlinwark area an impruived the transportation connections in the 18t century. [[Mary Queen o Scots]] is said tradeetional tae hae ludged at the Hoose o Fuffnock on the Crossmickle Road on her jurney tae Port Mary in 1568 efter the [[Battle o Langside]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200358704-abercromby-road-kilmichael-outbuilding-formerly-old-house-of-fuffnock-castle-douglas-and-crocketford-ward|title=British Listed Buildings|website=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|access-date=2018-10-20}}</ref> Castle Douglas itsel wis foondit in 1792 bi [[William Douglas]] that claimt bit haed no close connection wi the auncient Douglases o Threave Castle. He haed made his walth in "American troke" an creatit a planned toun on the shores o Carlinwark Loch. The toun's ootset is sted on the "grid plan" pattren o streets as uised in Edinburgh's [[New Toun, Edinburgh|New Toun]], built aroond the same time. Sir William Douglas creatit a nummer o industries in Castle Douglas, includin haund-wuiven cotton factorys that Cotton Street derived its name frae. [[File:Museum_of_ScotlandDSCF6355.jpg|thumb|The Torrs Pony Cap]] The [[Torrs Pony-cap an Horns]] is an [[Airn Age]] bronze hornit cap for a pownie fand in Torrs Loch at Castle Douglas in 1812. It wis acquire't by Joseph Frain, FSA Scot., the local antiquarian and scriever that propine't it tae [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]] for his collection o antiquities at [[Abbotsford Hoose]]. It is noo in the Naitonal Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. The completion of the [[Dumfries an Gallowa Railwey]] in 1859 forder impruived the toun's connections, an it suin developit intil a major mercat toun for the surroondin area. This is yet true the day, an the hexagonal mercat biggin biggit in 1900 is constant in uiss. Awtho the railway wis closed in 1965, the [[A75 road|A75]] trunk road wis developit follaein slent the lines o the oreeginal military road an passes throu Castle Douglas. The mony hottles an inns that derived frae coach staps is a hint o the toun's importance as a stappin place for vaigers. Castle Douglas Toun Hoose wis built in 1863 til the designs o Dumfries airchitect James Barbour.<ref>{{Scottish Architects name|200331|James Barbour}}</ref> The Clock Tour wis built 1834-5 an staunds on the corner o King Street an St Andrews Street, an is a leetit Category C biggin. It wis desgint bi the airchitecht William Forrest Valentine (1855-1957). [http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50164] The first tour, built bi Sir William Douglas, wis malafoustert bi fire in 1892, as wis a saicont clock tour fowerty year later. A plaque records that in 1935 Henry J Hewat of Paterson, New Jersey, USA donatit the praisent clock til the toun.[http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50164] Capt Hewat wis a native o Castle Douglas that haed lowpit the kintra til the USA in 1863. The Erse scriever [[Freeman Wills Crofts]] set a important scene in his 1930 novelle ''Sir John Magill's Last Journey'' at Castle Douglas Railwey Station. St John the Evangelist Kirk wis built in 1867 bi the London airchitect [[George Goldie]] an it is a Category B (S) listed biggin. The foregane Castle Douglas Pairish Kirk (St Andrew's) wis remodellt by [[Robert Lorimer]] in 1900. It wis convertit intil a theatre noo kent as [[The Fullarton]].<ref name="DSA">{{Scottish Architects name|id=200052|name=(Sir) Robert Stodart Lorimer}}</ref> The Castle Douglas War Memorial wis designt by Captain [[Frank Mears]] an wis unveilt in 1921. Castle Douglas wis a resettin area for [[Glesga|Glesga's]] evacuatit bairns durin Warld War 2. Frae Marich 1943 tae Apryle 1944, the toun wis the steid for the [[92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery]] that wis trainin for [[Operation Overlord]], the invasion of occupeed Europe. Thair headquarters wis at ''Craigroyston'', a muckle Victorian hoose near the railwey station. Nissen huts wis biggit at Carlinwark Loch tae hoose the troups while ither billets includit a kirk an a bouls clubhoose.[https://wartimememoriesproject.com/ww2/allied/battalion.php?pid=4732] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110200203/https://wartimememoriesproject.com/ww2/allied/battalion.php?pid=4732 |date=2018-11-10 }} ==Sichts an attractions== Castle Douglas Airt Gailerie is an offshoot o the [[Stewartry Museum]] at [[Kirkcoubrie]]. It wis bequeathe't til the toun by local airtist Ethel Bristowe an appent in 1938. It is an exheebeetion space an uised as sic bi local airtists tae shaw thair warks. Near the centre o the toun is [[Carlinwark Loch]], a loch an [[SSSI]] (Site o Speicial Scienteefic Interest), hame tae a rowth o watter-birds. Nearby staunds Threave Castle, the faimily castle o the Black Douglas line o the [[Clan Douglas|Hoose o Douglas]]. It is on an island in the middle o the [[River Dee, Gallowa|River Dee]], admeesion includes a short ferry jurney. Til the wast o the toun an aw is [[Threave Gairdens]] that is a [[National Trust for Scotland]] aiverel. [[Threave Rovers]] is the local fitbaw team in Castle Douglas, thay play at Meadow Park in the [[Sooth o Scotland Fitbaw League]] an thair strip colours is black and white strips. Castle Douglas hosts an annual Ceevic Week that is the main event o the year. Its uisual format is a week o events aroond the last week o Julie, culminatin on Douglas Day whan a street paraud an carnival in Lochside Park taks place.<ref>Videos of previous Civic Week events are hosted [http://www.castle-douglas.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=13 on their community web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105022044/http://www.castle-douglas.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=13 |date=2013-11-05 }} along with videos of [http://www.stewartryas.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=0&Itemid=32 Stewartry Agricultural Show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121121910/http://www.stewartryas.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=0&Itemid=32 |date=21 January 2011 }} and [http://www.cd-foodtown.org/ Food Town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216065318/https://www.cd-foodtown.org/ |date=2020-02-16 }}</ref> ==Climate== Like the lave o the [[Unitit Kinrick|UK]], Castle Douglas haes a climate clessifeed as [[Oceanic climate|Oceanic]] ([[Köppen climate clessification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''), resultin in moderate temperaturs, year-roond rainfaw, an windy, aften cloody condeetions. The nearest [[Met Office]] wather station is at Threave, about 1.5 mile wast o the toun centre. {{Weather box |location = Threave, 73m asl, 1971–2000, Extremes 1960– |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 12.1 |Feb record high C = 12.9 |Mar record high C = 18.8 |Apr record high C = 23.4 |May record high C = 26.9 |Jun record high C = 29.0 |Jul record high C = 30.8 |Aug record high C = 29.2 |Sep record high C = 26.1 |Oct record high C = 20.6 |Nov record high C = 16.0 |Dec record high C = 12.5 |year record high C = 30.8 |Jan high C = 5.8 |Feb high C = 6.4 |Mar high C = 8.7 |Apr high C = 11.5 |May high C = 15.2 |Jun high C = 17.3 |Jul high C = 19.4 |Aug high C = 18.8 |Sep high C = 15.9 |Oct high C = 12.4 |Nov high C = 8.5 |Dec high C = 6.5 |year high C = |Jan low C = 0.5 |Feb low C = 0.7 |Mar low C = 2.1 |Apr low C = 3.2 |May low C = 5.7 |Jun low C = 8.5 |Jul low C = 10.6 |Aug low C = 10.4 |Sep low C = 8.3 |Oct low C = 5.7 |Nov low C = 2.4 |Dec low C = 1.0 |year low C = |Jan record low C = −13.9 |Feb record low C = −13.3 |Mar record low C = −12.8 |Apr record low C = −5.0 |May record low C = -2.8 |Jun record low C = 0.2 |Jul record low C = 2.8 |Aug record low C = -1.7 |Sep record low C = -2.0 |Oct record low C = -5.2 |Nov record low C = −9.1 |Dec record low C = −14.0 |year record low C = −14.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 144.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 106.43 |Mar precipitation mm = 113.04 |Apr precipitation mm = 75.55 |May precipitation mm = 68.45 |Jun precipitation mm = 69.31 |Jul precipitation mm = 75.92 |Aug precipitation mm = 96.07 |Sep precipitation mm = 116.29 |Oct precipitation mm = 147.74 |Nov precipitation mm = 143.33 |Dec precipitation mm = 149.83 |year precipitation mm = 1083 |source 1 = Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KNMI<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TN&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=18&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-798809.523809&miny=-4222857.142857&maxx=67857.142858&maxy=-3572857.142857&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=337&mainmap.y=301&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom | title = Threave climate | publisher = KNMI | language = | access-date = 2020-02-16 | archive-date = 2012-06-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120605184744/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TN&periodidselect=1971-2000&seasonid=18&scalelogidselect=no&minx=-798809.523809&miny=-4222857.142857&maxx=67857.142858&maxy=-3572857.142857&MapSize=560,420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=337&mainmap.y=301&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom | url-status = dead }}</ref> |date=Nov 2011 }} ==Amenities== The toun is uised for common by tourists as a steid for explorin the lave o the area. Thare is a campin grund an caravan pairk by [[Carlinwark Loch]] an mony hottles. The main shappin street in Castle Douglas is King Street. It haes a wide range o shaps, includin mony shaps no fund on mony toun heich-streets. Castle Douglas has twa supermercats an a Scotmid convenience store. On King Street an aw is Italian, Chinese, an Indian restaurants, an inns and hottles an aw, servin meals an cairy-oots. Castle Douglas is designatit ''Scotland's Fuid Toun'' an blowsts some 50 weygates connectit wi the fuid industry.<ref name="cd-f_Home">{{Cite web | title = Castle Douglas Food Town | author = | work = cd-foodtown.org | date = | accessdate = 2016-08-03 | url = http://www.cd-foodtown.org/ | quote = | archive-date = 2016-07-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160724003307/http://www.cd-foodtown.org/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Pairkin in the toun is free. Thare is a muckle car pairk at Market Hill at the tap o the toun nixt til the Heart of Galloway Visitors Centre. Thare is free pairkin an aw on mony o the side-streets that lead awa frae the toun centre. As a Regional Mercat Toun, Castle Douglas accommodates Wallet's Mart, a fermstockin mercat veesitit bi [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in Julie 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castle-douglas.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=103 |title=The Queen's visit, 14 July 2010 |accessdate=2010-07-20 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310123358/http://www.castle-douglas.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=103 |archivedate=2014-03-10 }}</ref> Thare is several kirks in Castle Douglas, including a [[Kirk o Scotland]], a Bretheren, an [[Scottish Episcopal Church|Episcopalian]] St Ninians, the New Life Castle Douglas, an a [[Elim Pentecostal Church|Elim Pentecostal]] wan.<ref name="cast_Ever">{{Cite web | title = Castle Douglas Churches | last = Link | first = David | work = Castle Douglas, Scotland | date = | accessdate = 2016-08-03 | url = http://www.castle-douglas.com/castle-douglas-community-and-organisations/castle-douglas-churches-religious.html | language = | quote = | archive-date = 2016-08-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160815100247/http://www.castle-douglas.com/castle-douglas-community-and-organisations/castle-douglas-churches-religious.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The [[Catholic Kirk|Catholic]] Pairish o St John the Evangelist offers Mass in St Ninian Episcopalian Kirk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rckirkcudbright.org.uk/|title=Home|website=www.rckirkcudbright.org.uk|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref> [[Castle Douglas Hospital]] wis biggit in 1897 as a memorial tae Queen Victoria's Diamant Jubilee. It wis designt bi Richard Park o [[Newton Stewart]] an appent on 13 October 1899.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=201885|title=Richard Park|publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects|accessdate=8 February 2020}}</ref> The toun is hame til The Fullarton, a theatre appent in 1996 in the biggin o the foregane St Andrew's Kirk. It hosts noo plays an conferences, providin a local pictur theatre an aw. [[2329 (Castle Douglas) Sqn Air Training Corps]]{{efn|Location of the 2329 Castle Douglas Squadron {{coord|54.937893| -3.932940|display=inline|format=dms}} }} is locatit in the toun an is acteeve within the local community, offerin young fowk atween the ages o 12 an 20 opportuinitys tae flee, tae veesit [[Ryal Air Force|RAF]] athort the UK, an tae experience adventurs an aw. Thare is a leebrary, soumin puil, an bus hub in Market Street. [[Castle Douglas Leebrary]] [https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200397257-king-street-castle-douglas-library-with-art-gallery-boundary-wall-railings-gates-and-gatepiers-castle-douglas-and-crocketford-ward], situatit on the Market Hill, wis designt bi airchitect [[George Washington Browne]] an appent in 1904 wi fondin fae [[Andrew Carnegie]], the Scottish-American industrialist an philanthropist. Asides beuks an a Local History section, it offers a range o services includin internet aiccess. The soumin puil has a fitness suite attacht. The bus hub provides services ootthrou Dumfries an Gallowa, an onwart through Scotland an England. ==Namely fowk== * Sir William Douglas, 1t Baronet 1801, (1745-1809), foonder o the burgh o Castle Douglas. Buirit in the Douglas Mausoleum on Kelton Hill leuking ootower the town * Ted McMinn, born 1962, umwhile perfaisonal fitbawer an commentator, wis born in Castle Douglas * [[Robert Burns]] spent the nicht here at the Carlinwark Inn while on his Galloway Tour. From here he wrate a letter tae Mrs Dunlop in Ayrshire datit 25 Juin 1794 beginin ''"Here, in a solitary inn, in a solitary village..."''<ref name="Burns1834">{{cite book|last=Burns|first=Robert |editor=Cunningham, Allan|title=The Works of Robert Burns: With His Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09YeAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA279|year=1834|publisher=Cochrane and McCrone|location=London}}</ref> Here he wrote an aw his last letter tae Agnes McLehose wi the lines: ''Ah ! My ever dearest Clarinda ... ... Here am I set, a solitary hermit,in the solitary room, of a solitary inn with a solitary bottle of wine by me.'' * Arthur Smith (rugby union), (1933-1975) Scots rugby player * The Rt Hon Dr David Clark, Baron Clark o Windermere, born 1939 * Major-General Sir Victor Fortune (1883- 1949) * Kirsty Wark, jurnalist an telly presenter, born in Dumfries, bade in Castle Douglas in bairnheid afore the faimily flittit back tae Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. * [[Samuel Rutherford Crockett]] (1859-1914) writer o ''The Raiders'' an mony ither warks o historical fiction, bade at 24 Cotton Street, Castle Douglas an attendit Cowper's School an aw in Cotton Street. * [[James Clerk Maxwell]], (1831-1879), Pheesicist and writer o ''Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism'', 1873. Maxwell bade at Glenlair, he dee'd in 1879 an is buirit in the kirkyaird at Parton Kirk. His wark influence't Albert Einstein that keepit a frame't photograph o him on his study waw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/media_library.html|title=Media Library | website= clerkmaxwellfoundation.org |access-date=2018-08-19}}</ref> * William Stewart MacGeorge, ARSA, RSA, (1862-1931), airtist associatit wi the Kirkcudbright Schuil o airtists. Bade at 120 King Street. * Stansmore Richmond Leslie Dean Stevenson (1866–1944) wis a Scots airtist kent for her ile pentins. Associatit wi the Kirkcudbright Schuil o airtists. * Ethel Bristowe (1862-1952) airtist an assyriologist, bequeathe't tae Castle Douglas the airt gailerie at the leebrary on Market Hill. * Sir John Nairne, 1t Baronet (1861-1945) Chief Cashier o the Baunk o England an a foonding director o the BBC <ref name="kirk_John">{{Cite web |title=John Gordon Nairne of Castle Douglas. |last=Bell |first=James |work=kirkcudbright.co |date=n.d. |access-date=3 September 2018 |url= http://www.kirkcudbright.co/historyarticle.asp?ID=343&p=26&g=4 |language= |quote=}}</ref> * [[Charles Dickens]] veesitit the antiquarian an writer Joseph Train, FSA Scot, (1779-1852) at his hame ''Lochvale Cottage'' an wrate aboot it in his periodical ''Household Words'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dickens |first1=Charles |title=Joseph Train |journal=Household Words |date=1853 |issue=173 |pages=475–476}}</ref> no.173 Julie 1853, that appeart efter Train’s death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/200396932-66-st-andrew-street-castle-douglas|title=66 St Andrew Street, Castle Douglas, Dumfries and Galloway|last=Stuff|first=Good|website=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref> A marble plaque commemoratin Train an his life an freendship wi Sir Walter Scott can be fund in Castle Douglas Toun Haw. * Brown Derby (1914–2000) wis a Scots picture and teleevision actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-145-962-C|title=Actor Brown Derby|website=scran.ac.uk|date=n.d.}}</ref> * Kay Mander (1915–2013) wis a documentary pictur director an shootin conteenuity speicialist. She spent maist of the lave o her career wirkin in conteenuity on feature picturs sic as ''From Russia with Love'', ''The Heroes of Telemark'', an ''Fahrenheit 451''. In her later years she bade at Castle Douglas.[https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kay-mander-documentary-film-maker-1-3253752] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091519/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kay-mander-documentary-film-maker-1-3253752 |date=2020-02-16 }} * Alan Temperley, writer o childer's an young adult fiction includin ''Harry and the Wrinklie''s an his rewarkin o tradeetional stories ''Tales of Galloway''. * David McMath, born 1996 is a Scots sport shuiter. He competit in the men's dooble trap event at the 2018 Commonweel Gemmes, winnin the gowd medal.[https://www.teamscotland.scot/athlete/david-mcmath/] * Louisa Ramsey, born 1994 is a Scots Rugby player an ex-perfaisonal muntain biker. She noo plays for Darlington Mowden Park Sharks as ootside centre an is the first Scottish wumman tae score muir nor 10 tries in the Women's Premiership. ==2016 Tour o Breetain== The first stage fae Glesga o the 2016 Tour o Breetain endit in Castle Douglas on 4 September. The winner wis Germany's André Greipel (Team Lotto–Soudal). [[Mark Cavendish]] that haed been the fauvourite tae win rattle't on the final corner. Cavendish rade awa fae the rattle, that includit Team Sky's Elia Viviani an aw. ==2019 Tour o Breetain== The first stage fae Glesga o the 2019 Tour o Breetain that endit in Kirkcoubrie on 7 September passt throu Castle Douglas. The winner o this stage wis the Dutchman Dylan Groenewegen (Team Jumbo–Visma). ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=218230 * http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB50164 * https://curlie.org/search?q=castle+douglas&stime=92452189 Castle Douglas at Curlie * https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Castle_Douglas Castle Douglas at Wikivoyage [[Category:Touns in Dumfries an Gallowa]] p04c517dx1rhh8dqi1vpo5klz2qtu45 0 220889 919110 916180 2026-07-10T07:31:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} [[File:Egypt Turkey Locator.png|alt=Egyp an Turkey|thumb|Egyp an Turkey]] '''Egyptian–Turkis relations''' are [[bilateral relations]] atween [[Egyp]] an [[Turkey]]. Egyp an Turkey are boond bi strang releegious, cultural an historical ties, but diplomatic ties atween the twa hae remained extremely friendly at times an extremely strained at ithers. For three centuries, Egyp wis pairt o the [[Ottoman Empire]], whose caipital wis [[Constantinople]] in modren-day Turkey, despite govrenor o Egyp, [[Muhammad Ali o Egyp|Muhammad Ali]], waged war against the Ottoman sultan, [[Mahmud II]], in 1831. Turkey established diplomatic relations wi Egyp in 1925 at the level o Charge d’ Affaires an upgradit its mission in Cairo tae Ambassadorial level in 1948. Baith kintras have embassies an consulate generals in the ither's caipitals. Baith kintras hae signed a free trade agreement in December 2005. Baith kintras are full members o the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]. A naitural gas deal atween Egyp an Turkey—the lairgest jynt Egyptian-Turkis project tae date, estimatit tae cost $4 billion—is being implementit.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} On 16 Apryle 2008, Egyp an Turkey signed a memorandum o unnerstaundin tae impruive an further militar relations an cooperation atween the twa kintras. Relations houaniver hae been quite tense on mony occasions in history o baith kintras includin the [[Nasser era]] in Egyp in the 1950s an 60s. It haes strangly deterioratit in the period follaein the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|owerthrow]] o the Egyptian preses [[Mohamed Morsi]] on Julie 3, 2013 follaein a 48-hour deadline on Julie 1, marking the end o [[Julie 2013 Egyptian protests|anti-govrenment protests]] that took place atween Juin 30 an Julie 3 that year. On 23 November 2013, the Egyptian govrenment expelled the Turkis ambassador in Cairo efter a months-lang diplomatic creesis. ==Diplomatic relations== ===Relations unner Gamal Abdel Nasser=== In the midst of the [[Cauld War]] and during the rule o Egyptian Preses [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], relations atween baith kintras have soured dramatically due tae Turkey's membership in the Breetish-led [[Baghdad Pact]], which Nasser viewed as a major threat tae his efforts tae eliminate Wastren presence in the Arab warld, an acause o the growing influence o Nasser's Pan-Arab ideology, called [[Nasserism]]. In addition, Turkey wis the first Muslim majority kintra tae recognize the [[State o Israel]], Egypt's archrival at the time, showing even more its clear alignment tae the Wast. In 1958, Egyp [[Unitit Arab Republic|entered a brief union]] wi [[Sirie]], Turkey's soothren neighbor with whom it shared longtime diplomatic and border disputes, causing severe tensions atween the twa countries wi Turkey responding bi its engagement in a secret "peripheral alliance" wi Israel.<ref>Daniela, Huber. ''[http://www.iai.it/pdf/GTE/GTE_C_05.pdf Turkish-Israeli relations in a Changing Strategic Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217113142/http://www.iai.it/pdf/GTE/GTE_C_05.pdf |date=17 February 2013 }}'' IAI (2010).</ref> The tensions reached their peak in 1957 prior tae the unification wi Syria when Nasser, fearful of a Baghdad Pact toppling of the Sirian government, sent a contingent force tae assist Sirian forces that wis dispatched near the Sirian-Turkis border as a response tae a Turkis threat of incursion when a huge nummer of troops amassed along the border. This near-confrontation atween Egyptian and Turkish troops marked a dark spot in both countries' relations and eventually led to both sides withdrawing, ending the possible escalation of the crisis.<ref>{{Harvnb|J. Zürcher|2004|pp=236}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Rubin|Kirisci|2001|pp=102}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Dawisha|2009|pp=191–192}}</ref> ===Relations unner post-2011 Egyptian revolution=== Turkis Prime Meenister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] made his first three days official veesit tae [[Egyp]] on 12 September 2011, an was accompanied bi sax meenisters an approximately 200 businessmen.<ref name="cnn_egypt">{{cite news|title=Turkish prime minister arrives for visit to Egypt as role widens|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/12/turkey.diplomacy/|work=CNN|date=14 September 2011|accessdate=15 September 2011|archive-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123302/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/09/12/turkey.diplomacy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This veesit wis considered a diplomatic success an wis met wi much enthusiasm bi Egyptians. [[CNN]] reportit some Egyptians saying "We consider him as the Islamic leader in the Middle East", while ithers were appreciative o his role in supporting Gaza.<ref name="cnn_egypt"/> Erdogan was later honored in [[Tahrir Square]] by members of the Egyptian Revolution Youth Union, and members of the Turkish embassy were presentit with a coat o airms in acknowledgment of the Prime Meenister’s support of the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]].<ref name="democrati">{{cite news|title=Egypt and Turkey, an Axis against Democracy?| url=http://democrati.net/2011/09/30/egypt-and-turkey-an-axis-against-democracy/|publisher=democrati|date=30 September 2011| accessdate=30 September 2011}}</ref> A week after he left, Turkish Foreign Minister, [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]] proclaimed his vision of a strategic alliance atween Egypt and Turkey which he described as an "Axis of Democracy".<ref name=democrati/> However, some voiced concerns that the Egyptian revolution was not fulfilled and that Erdogan was seeking his own country's strategic interests. It was feared that by forming an alliance with the SCAF interim government in Egypt during the country’s transition to democracy, Erdogan may have tipped the balance in favor of those that stand atween the Egyptians and their freedom.<ref name=democrati/> ===Relations follaein the remuival o Mohamed Morsi frae office=== {{main|2013 Egyptian coup d'état}} Following the [[July 2013 Egyptian protests|anti-government protests]] in the middle of 2013 that led to the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|2013 overthrow]] of Egyptian [[President of Egypt|President]] [[Mohamed Morsi]] who was strongly backed by Turkey's ruling [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP), signs of strained relations rose atween the newly appointed interim government of Egypt and [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]'s [[Cabinet Erdoğan III|government]] in Turkey, mainly due to Erdoğan's pro-Brotherhood views, culminating with the [[August 2013 Rabaa massacre|August 2013 sit-in raids]] in Rabaa and Nahda by security forces, where sit-ins organized by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] were dispersed, leading to clashes that resulted in 638 deaths, of which 43 were police officers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130705-turkey-pm-blasts-egypt-coup-enemy-democracy|title=Turkey PM blasts Egypt 'coup' (people revolution) as enemy of democracy|date=5 July 2013|publisher=France 24}}</ref> The incident resulted in both countries recalling their respective ambassadors and was met with several verbal assaults by Erdoğan, who described the event as "anti-democratic" and referred to it as a "massacre," while suggesting that Egypt's leaders should be put under a "fair and transparent trial."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-08-16/turkey-egypt-recall-ambassadors|title=Turkey, Egypt recall envoys in wake of violence|date=16 August 2013|publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/14/us-egypt-protests-reaction-idUSBRE97D11920130814 |title=U.S. condemns killings of Egypt protesters, Turkey wants U.N. action |date=14 August 2013 |publisher=Reuters |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6J0cIJJMd?url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/14/us-egypt-protests-reaction-idUSBRE97D11920130814 |archivedate=20 August 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> This was followed by a suspension of military exercises involving the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acus.org/natosource/turkey-blocks-egypt-joining-nato-naval-exercise |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-08-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819011053/http://www.acus.org/natosource/turkey-blocks-egypt-joining-nato-naval-exercise |archivedate=19 August 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/turkey-accuses-egypt-of-massacre-egypt-responds-by-endorsing-armenian-genocide-declaration/|title=Turkey Accuses Egypt of Massacre, Egypt Responds by Endorsing Armenian Genocide Declaration|date=20 August 2013}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Erdoğan also accused the Egyptian military of conspiring with [[Israel]] to topple Morsi's government at an expanded meeting of the provincial chairs of his ruling AKP and claimed to possess "proof" for that: "This is what has been implemented in Egypt. Who is behind this? Israel. We have evidence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-has-evidence-that-israel-was-behind-egypt-coup-erdogan.aspx?pageID=517&nID=52876&NewsCatID=338|title=Israel behind coup to oust Morsi, Turkish PM Erdoğan says|date=20 August 2013|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref> The claim was rejected by the Egyptian interim government, describing it as "baseless" and intended to "strike at the unity of Egyptians," with presidential spokesperson Ahmed Muslimani saying that "agents of the West should not give lessons in patriotism".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/news/israel-egypt-coup-erdogan-722/|title='Israel behind Egypt coup' – Turkish PM|date=20 August 2013|publisher=RT}}</ref> In response to Erdoğan's statements, Egypt's interim president, [[Adly Mansour]] announced on his [[Twitter]] account on 17 August that Egypt would to sign the international document [[Armenian Genocide recognition|recognizing]] the [[Armenian Genocide]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypt-to-acknowledge-armenian-genocide/|title=Egypt to Acknowledge Armenian Genocide|date=17 August 2013|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927031859/http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypt-to-acknowledge-armenian-genocide/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Adly_Mansour/status/368693120847724544|title=Adly Mansour on Twitter: يوقع غداً مندوبنا الدائم بالأمم المتحدة على الوثيقة الدولية التى تعترف بمذابح الأرمن والتى ارتكبها الجيش التركى وراح ضحيتها مليون قتيل|date=17 August 2013}}</ref> {{centered pull quote|Our representatives at the United Nations will sign the international document that acknowledges the Armenian genocide, which was committed by the Turkish military, leading to the deaths of one million.}} In addition, dozens of Egyptian articles have been published condemning Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide and urging the country's new leaders to recognize it. There have also been calls{{by whom|date=November 2013}} to erect a memorial monument commemorating the victims of the genocide in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asbarez.com/113717/millions-watch-popular-egyptian-talk-show-on-the-armenian-genocide/|title=Millions Watch Popular Egyptian Talk Show on the Armenian Genocide|date=10 September 2013|publisher=Asbarez|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122518/http://asbarez.com/113717/millions-watch-popular-egyptian-talk-show-on-the-armenian-genocide/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 November 2013, the Egyptian government expelled the Turkish ambassador to the country, Huseyin Avni Botsali, and recalled their ambassador from [[Ankara]] indefinitely after several months of tensions with Turkey's ruling AKP-led government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2013/11/23/1199174|title=مصر تعلن سحب سفيرها من أنقرة نهائيا القاهرة تطلب من السفير التركي في مصر سرعة مغادرة الأراضي|date=23 November 2013|publisher=Al-Mogaz (الموجز)|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124224838/http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2013/11/23/1199174|url-status=dead}}</ref> In response, Turkey also barred the Egyptian ambassador, who was out of the country at the time, and declared him a [[persona non grata]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25066115|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador|date=23 November 2013|publisher=BBC|work=BBC News}}</ref> The declaration came a day after Turkish PM [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] repeated his criticism of Egypt's interim government and his call for the urgent release of former Egyptian President [[Mohamed Morsi]]. Egypt's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Badr Abdelatty accused Erdoğan of meddling in the country's internal affairs by raising public opinion against the Egyptian government and supporting proscribed organizations that are bent on destabilizing the nation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/23/us-egypt-turkey-idUSBRE9AM03Y20131123|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador, Turkey retaliates|date=23 November 2013|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191121/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/23/us-egypt-turkey-idUSBRE9AM03Y20131123|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/newswires/2224526-egypt-asks-turkish-ambassador-to-leave-cites-threat-to-stability/|title=Egypt expels Turkish ambassador, Turkey retaliates|date=23 November 2013|publisher=Euronews|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2013-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125022048/http://www.euronews.com/newswires/2224526-egypt-asks-turkish-ambassador-to-leave-cites-threat-to-stability/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Relations unner Abdel Fattah al-Sisi=== In July 2014, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry warned that relations would worsen since Erdoğan called Sisi a "tyrant".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/egypt-warns-turkey-of-worsening-relations-1406396932|accessdate=21 August 2014|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|date=26 July 2014|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726200409/http://online.wsj.com/articles/egypt-warns-turkey-of-worsening-relations-1406396932|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> This comes after Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] slammed Egypt's President [[Abdel Fattah al-Sisi]] as an "illegitimate tyrant", saying that Egypt could not be relied upon to negotiate a truce with Israel during [[Operation Protective Edge]]. "Is Sisi a party (to a ceasefire)? Sisi is a tyrant himself," Erdogan told reporters. "He is not different from the others," he said, adding that it was Egypt's current rulers who were blocking humanitarian aid channels to the [[Gaza Strip]] ruled by the [[Hamas]] Islamist militant group. Egypt's Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] said Erdogan's comments were "unacceptable".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.html?ref=gs|title=Turkey PM slams Egypt's 'illegitimate tyrant' Sisi|publisher=|access-date=2020-06-25|archive-date=2020-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110931/https://www.yahoo.com/news/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.html?ref=gs|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to Turkey's interference in Egypt's domestic affairs. The Egyptian foreign ministry also canceled joint naval drills with Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt, Turkey cancel navy drills as tensions rise|url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/08/16/egypt-turkey-cancel-navy-drills-as-tensions-rise/|accessdate = 2 June 2015|date = 2015-03-25}}</ref> In September 2014, Egypt's foreign minister cancelled a meeting with Turkish president Erdoğan requested by Turkey after Erdoğan made a speech critical of Egypt in the UN General Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt cancels Erdoğan meeting over coup comments; Turkey denies meeting ever scheduled – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online|url = http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/111642/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-cancels-Erdogan-meeting-over-coup-comments;-.aspx|website = english.ahram.org.eg|accessdate = 2 June 2015|archive-date = 2020-04-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110935/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/111642/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-cancels-Erdogan-meeting-over-coup-comments;-.aspx|url-status = dead}}</ref> An advisor to the Turkish president has denied that the countries' leaders were planning to meet. However, later Egypt's foreign ministry handed out a scanned document of Turkey's meeting proposal to the media and was published by Egypt's Youm7 newspaper.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/9/25/ننشر_صورة_من_طلب_تركيا_لقاء_وزير_الخارجية_سامح_شكرى/1881217|title = ننشر صورة من طلب "تركيا" لقاء وزير الخارجية سامح شكرى|website = Youm7}}</ref> Sisi's administration also decided to cancel the "Ro-Ro" agreement with Turkey, blocking Turkey from transporting Turkish containers to the Gulf via Egyptian ports.<ref>{{cite web|title = Egypt decides not to renew trade agreement with Turkey {{!}} Egypt Independent|url = http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egypt-decides-not-renew-trade-agreement-turkey|accessdate = 2 June 2015|date = 2014-10-27}}</ref> An intense campaign started by Egypt and Saudi Arabia against Turkey made it lose its predicted easy victory of membership in the [[United Nations Security Council]].<ref>{{cite web|title =Turkey Loses U.N. Security Council Seat in Huge Upset|url = http://www.newsweek.com/venezuela-malaysia-angola-new-zealand-win-un-council-seats-277962|website =Newsweek|accessdate = 16 October 2014|date = 2014-10-16}}</ref> Following the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]], President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] gave an interview with [[Al Jazeera]] explaining that “President al-Sisi has nothing to do with democracy, and that he’s killed thousands of his own people.” The remarks were condemned by Egypt’s Foreign Ministry spokesman Ahmed Abu Zeid saying that the Turkish president “keeps confusing matter and is losing the ability to make sound judgments” and that this reflects “the difficult circumstances the Turkish president has been through. “He cannot differentiate between an evident revolution where [[2013 Egyptian Protests|more than 30 million Egyptians]] demanded the support of the Egyptian military and between military coups as we know them,” the statement explained.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2016/07/21/egypts-foreign-ministry-blasts-turkeys-erdogan-following-anti-sisi-remarks/|title=Egypt's Foreign Ministry Blasts Turkey's Erdogan Following Anti-Sisi Remarks|date=21 July 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/7/22/erdogan-blasts-egypts-putschist-president-sisi-in-al-jazeera-interview|title=Erdogan blasts Egypt's 'putschist president' Sisi in al-Jazeera interview|first=The New|last=Arab|publisher=}}</ref> On November 22, 2017, Egypt’s public prosecutor has ordered the detention of 29 people suspected of espionage on behalf of Turkey against Egypt national interest and joining a terrorist organization. They are also accused of money laundering, conducting overseas calls without a license and trading currency without a license. According to the results of an investigation by the General Intelligence Services, the group has been recording phone calls and passing information to Turkish intelligence as part of a plan to bring the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] back to power in Egypt.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-court/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN Egypt detains 29 people on suspicion of espionage for Turkey]</ref><ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/33764/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt In Pictures: Egypt foils Turkish espionage attempt] [[Egypt Today]]</ref> Following the executions of 9 people convicted of killing [[Hisham Barakat]] in February 2019, President Erdogan sharply criticized President al-Sisi, saying he refused to talk to "someone like him".<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/turkish-president-erdogan-denounces-egypt-sisi-executions-190224060937038.html</ref> ====Proposal tae recognise the [[Armenie Genocide]]==== Due to the ongoing deterioration of relations atween Egypt and Turkey, the Government of Egypt led by el-Sisi, has been receiving proposals to recognize the Armenian Genocide, a sensitive subject that Turkey has denounced mair nor once.<ref>https://anca.org/egypt-first-islamic-country-to-raise-armenian-genocide-issue-says-anc-egypt-chair/</ref> Filmmaker Mohamed Hanafi had produced a movie, "Who Killed the Armenians?", in response to the ongoing tensions atween Turkey and Egypt, as an act of Egyptian solidarity to Armenia.<ref>https://anca.org/who-killed-the-armenians-egyptian-filmmakers-tackle-the-genocide/</ref> In February 2019, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced it had implicitly recognized the Armenian Genocide, further deteriorating the relationship atween Turkey and Egypt.<ref>http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/2/64896/Egypt-implicitly-recognizes-Armenian-Genocide [[Egypt Today]]</ref> ====Proposal tae grant asylum tae [[Fethullah Gülen]]==== MP Emad Mahrous called on the Egyptian government to grant asylum to Gülen. In the request, sent to Speaker of the House of Representatives Ali Abdel-Aal, Prime Minister [[Sherif Ismail]] and Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] on 24 July 2016, Mahrous notes that "[Turkey] was a moderate Muslim country that has become an Islamist dictatorship at the hands of [Turkish president] Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his affiliated [[Muslim Brotherhood]] political party", arguing that it was "highly distasteful" that Erdoğan has requested Gülen's extradition from the United States while at the same time "... giving shelter to hundreds of leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood terrorist organisation and members of other bloody militant Islamist groups which attack Egypt by day and night".<ref name=GulenAsylum>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/234917/Egypt/Politics-/The-govt-should-give-asylum-to-Turkish-opposition-.aspx|title='The govt should give asylum to Turkish opposition figure Gulen,' says Egypt MP|author=Gamal Essam el-Din|publisher=Ahram Online|date=25 July 2016|access-date=2 August 2016|archive-date=2020-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401110929/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/234917/Egypt/Politics-/The-govt-should-give-asylum-to-Turkish-opposition-.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahrous argues that not only has Erdoğan accused Gülen of plotting the failed coup, Erdoğan has also used this allegation as an excuse to engage in mass purges against public institutions allegedly loyal to Gülen. "(Simultaneously), Erdogan has decided to turn Turkey-Egypt relations into a media battleground, with Turkish intelligence providing funds for several Muslim Brotherhood TV channels that target Egypt". Mahrous stated that his advice to Gülen is to not wait until his extradition, but instead leave the US and obtain permanent asylum in Egypt. Former Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] granted asylum to Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] after arriving the Egypt from the US, regardless of all the threats that were issued by Iran's ayatollahs during the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref name=GulenAsylum /> == Relations in early 2020 == Early in 2020, the Egyptian military practices military drills in the Middle East as a show of force to Turkey according to Xinhuanet News. "It's (the military exercises) a message to the Turkish side to realize the capabilities of Egyptian army on battle ground," said Tariq Fahmy, a professor of international relations at Cairo University. In addition, The Egyptian naval forces conducted a muckle-scale amphibious exercise in the Mediterranean Sea amid escalating tensions in the region after Turkey's parliament agreed to send military troops to Libya aimed at shoring up the UN-recognized government in Tripoli. Egypt's naval forces conducted activities in the Mediterranean Sea aimed at imposing maritime control on the country's economic zone and securing vital targets in deep water, according to a statement by the armed forces. The Egyptian naval forces conducted a muckle-scale amphibious exercise in the Mediterranean Sea amid escalating tensions in the region after Turkey's parliament agreed to send military troops to Libya aimed at shoring up the UN-recognized government in Tripoli. ==Diplomacy== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ;Republic o Egypt *[[Ankara]] (Embassy) *[[Istanbul]] (Consulate-General) {{col-2}} ;Republic o Turkey *[[Cairo]] (Embassy) *[[Alexandria]] (Consulate-General) {{col-end}} ==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} *{{Citation |last=J. Zürcher |first=Erik |title=Turkey: A Modern History, Revised Edition |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|location=London |year=2004 |isbn=9781850433996}} *{{Citation |last1=Rubin |first1=Barry |last2=Kirisci |first2=Kemal |title=Turkey in World Politics: An Emerging Multiregional Power |publisher=[[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]|location=Boulder, Colorado |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-55587-954-9}} *{{Citation |last=Dawisha |first=Adeed |title=Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|location=Princeton |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-691-10273-3}} {{Refend}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} == Freemit airtins == * [http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/06/c_138683088.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209203512/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/06/c_138683088.htm |date=2020-02-09 }} * [http://www.egyptturkey.com/disclaimer.html Egyptian embassy in Ankara] * [http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-egypt.en.mfa Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Egypt] * [http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/turkey/ankara/embassy/en-GB/ Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Turkey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127034026/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/turkey/ankara/embassy/en-GB/ |date=2008-11-27 }} * [http://www.strategicoutlook.org/2011/09/new-era-in-the-egyptian-turkish-relations/ New Era in the Egyptian – Turkish Relations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128103851/http://www.strategicoutlook.org/2011/09/new-era-in-the-egyptian-turkish-relations/ |date=2011-11-28 }} [[Category:Egyp–Turkey relations]] gsy86pdlozcunn7t57uac91pfynpowh 4 223455 919087 919040 2026-07-09T13:08:12Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 919087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE { ?position wdt:P279 wd:Q1711695 . ?item p:P39 ?ps . ?ps ps:P39 ?position . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . } |links=red_only |thumb=100 |columns=number,label:Name,,P18,P569,P570,P19 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! number ! Name ! ! eemage ! date o birth ! date o daith ! place o birth |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Wendy Alexander]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Alexander of Cleveden crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[Andy Kerr]] | | [[File:Andy Kerr.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-17 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[Tommy Sheridan]] | | [[File:TommySheridan2007.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-07 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Rhona Brankin]] | | [[File:Rhona Brankin.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-01-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[Sarah Boyack]] | | [[File:Sarah Boyack MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-16 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Angus MacKay]] | | [[File:Angus MacKay.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Johann Lamont]] | | [[File:Johann Lamont 2019.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-11 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Cathie Craigie]] | | [[File:Cathy Craigie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-14 | | [[Stirlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[Jackie Baillie]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Jackie Baillie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-01-15 | | [[Hong Kong]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Annabel Goldie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Goldie crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-02-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Susan Deacon]] | | [[File:Susan Deacon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-02-02 | | [[Musselburrae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[Fergus Ewing]] | | [[File:Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-09-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[Alex Fergusson]] | | [[File:AlexFergussonMSP20110511.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-04-08 | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-07-31 | [[Leswalt]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[Stewart Stevenson]] | | [[File:StewartStevensonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-10-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[Alasdair Morgan]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-21 | | [[Aiberfeldy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[Cathy Jamieson]] | | [[File:Cathy Jamieson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-03 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[Ian Jenkins]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-18 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-29 | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[Rhoda Grant]] | | [[File:RhodaGrantMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-26 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[Janis Hughes]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[Bill Aitken]] | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-04-15 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Bill Butler]] | | [[File:Bb3-billbutler.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-03-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[Brian Fitzpatrick]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[Scott Barrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-03-10 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[Brian Monteith]] | | [[File:Brian Monteith MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-01-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Bristow Muldoon]] | | [[File:Bristow Muldoon - 2014-10-30 - Andy Mabbett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-03-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[John Young]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-12-21 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-11-03 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[George Lyon]] | | [[File:George Lyon MEP at Bournemouth 2009.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-16 | | [[Rossay]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Campbell Martin]] | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-10 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[Cathy Peattie]] | | [[File:Cathey Peattie (Scottish politician).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-11-24 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Charlie Gordon]] | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-28 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[Chris Ballance]] | | [[File:Chris Ballance (13338189044).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-07 | | [[Worcester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Christine May]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-23 | | [[Dublin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Shiona Baird]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09-14 | | [[Hereford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[David Davidson]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-25 | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-06-14 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[David McLetchie]] | | [[File:DavidMcLetchieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-06 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-08-12 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[Dave Petrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-10 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-08-31 | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Dennis Canavan]] | | [[File:EET Scotland’s Economic Future Post-2014.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | | [[Coudenbeith]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Derek Brownlee]] | | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-08-10 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[Des McNulty]] | | [[File:Des McNulty.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-07-28 | | [[Stockport]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[John Farquhar Munro]] | | [[File:Iain Fearchar Rothach aig SMO.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934-08-26 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-26 | [[Glen Shiel]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[Duncan McNeil]] | | [[File:DuncanMcNeilMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-07 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[Mary Mulligan]] | | [[File:MaryMulligan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-12 | | [[Liverpuil]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[Marilyn Livingstone]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-09-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[Marlyn Glen]] | | [[File:Marlyn-Glen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-09-30 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[Maureen Macmillan]] | | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-09 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[Elaine Murray]] | | [[File:ElaineMurrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-12-22 | | [[Hitchin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Tavish Scott]] | | [[File:Tavish Scott MSP at Bournemouth.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-05-06 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Karen Whitefield]] | | [[File:KarenWhitefield.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-08 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Euan Robson]] | | [[File:Euan Robson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-02-17 | | [[Northren Ingland]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[Helen Eadie]] | | [[File:HelenEadieMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-03-07 | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-09 | [[Stanehoosemuir|Stennie]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Mike Rumbles]] | | [[File:Mike Rumbles.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-06-10 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[Gordon Jackson]] | | [[File:GJ losing.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-05 | | [[Ardrussan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[Rosemary Byrne]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-03-03 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[Frank McAveety]] | | [[File:Frank McAveety MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-07-27 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Mark Ballard]] | | [[File:Mark B smart smile.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-06-27 | | [[Leeds]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[Iain Smith]] | | [[File:Iain smith.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-05-01 | | [[Gateside]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Alasdair Morrison]] | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11-18 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Irene Oldfather]] | | [[File:Irene Oldfather 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[Jamie McGrigor]] | | [[File:JamieMcGrigorMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-10-19 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07-20 | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[Jean Turner]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-12-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[Jeremy Purvis]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Purvis of Tweed crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-01-15 | | [[Berrick|Berik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[John Home Robertson]] | | [[File:Johnhomerobertson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-12-05 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[John Scott]] | | [[File:JohnScottMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-06-07 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Karen Gillon]] | | [[File:KarenGillon.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-08-18 | | [[Jethart]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[Kate Maclean]] | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-02-16 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Keith Raffan]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-06-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Lewis Macdonald]] | | [[File:LewisMacdonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-01-01 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Malcolm Chisholm]] | | [[File:Malcolm Chisholm.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-03-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[Margaret Jamieson]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Margaret Mitchell]] | | [[File:MargaretMitchellMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-11-15 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Margaret Smith]] | | [[File:Margaret-SmithMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-02-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Mark Ruskell]] | | [[File:MarkRuskellMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05-14 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[Mary Scanlon]] | | [[File:MaryScanlonMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-05-25 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Watson of Invergowrie crop 2, 2020.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-01 | | [[Cammuslang]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Mike Pringle]] | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-12-25 | | [[Northern Rhodesia]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[Murdo Fraser]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Murdo Fraser MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Murray Tosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-09-01 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[Hugh Henry]] | | [[File:HughHenryMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Tom McCabe]] | | [[File:Tom McCabe.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-28 | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-04-19 | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[Nigel Don]] | | [[File:NigelDonMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-04-16 | | [[London Borough of Sutton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Ian McKee]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-04-02 | | [[South Shields]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[Margaret Curran]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Baroness Curran crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[Elaine Smith]] | | [[File:ElaineSmithMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-05-07 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[Nicol Stephen]] | | [[File:Nicol Stephen.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-03-23 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Andrew Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-19 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06-17 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Rob Gibson]] | | [[File:RobGibsonMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Liz Smith]] | | [[File:ElizabethSmithMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-02-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[Claire Baker]] | | [[File:ClaireBakerMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-03-04 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Iain Gray]] | | [[File:IainGrayMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-06-07 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[Gavin Brown]] | | [[File:Gavin Brown.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-04 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Foulkes of Cumnock crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | | [[Oswestry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[James Kelly]] | | [[File:JamesKellyMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-23 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Hugh O'Donnell]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-01 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Jim Hume]] | | [[File:JimHumeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-04 | | [[Peebles]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[John Lamont]] | | [[File:Official portrait of John Lamont MP crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-04-15 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[John Park]] | | [[File:John-Park-MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-09-14 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[John Wilson]] | | [[File:JohnWilsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-28 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Michael Russell]] | | [[File:Mike Russell SNP Conference.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-08-09 | | [[Bromley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Patricia Ferguson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Patricia Ferguson MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-09-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[Trish Godman]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-10-31 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-07-21 | [[Gouan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Paul Martin]] | | [[File:PaulMartinMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Pauline McNeill]] | | [[File:Pauline McNeill.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-09-12 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Peter Peacock]] | | [[File:Peter Peacock.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-27 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Richard Baker]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Richard Baker MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-29 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Richard Simpson]] | | [[File:RichardSimpsonMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-22 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Robert Brown]] | | [[File:Robert Brown (Scottish Government).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-12-25 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Ross Finnie]] | | [[File:Ross Finnie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947-02-11 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Stefan Tymkewycz]] | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-09-18 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Ted Brocklebank]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-24 | | [[St Aundraes]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Michael McMahon]] | | [[File:MichaelMcMahon5715448629 0404153e04 o.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-09-18 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Alex Johnstone]] | | [[File:AlexJohnstoneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-07-31 | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-12-07 | [[Steenhive|Stanehyve]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Alison McInnes]] | | [[File:AlisonMcInnesMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-17 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Nanette Milne]] | | [[File:NanetteMilneMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[James Douglas-Hamilton, Baron Selkirk of Douglas]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Selkirk of Douglas crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-31 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-11-28 | [[Sooth Lanrikshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Phil Gallie]] | | | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-03 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-01-24 | [[Portsmouth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Wallace of Tankerness crop 2, 2019.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-25 | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-01-29 | [[Annan, Dumfries an Gallowa|Annan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[Donald Gorrie]] | | | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-04-02 | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-25 | [[Breetish Raj]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[George Reid]] | | [[File:George Reid MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1939" | 1939-06-04 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-08-12 | [[Tullibody]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[Andrew Arbuckle]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-12 | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-12-25 | [[Fife]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[Eleanor Scott]] | | [[File:Eleanor scott (13338173734).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-07-23 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[John Swinburne]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-07-04 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-10-01 | [[Pennsylvanie|Pennsylvania]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[Bruce McFee]] | | | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-05-18 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-09 | [[Johnstoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Christopher Harvie]] | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-21 | | [[Motherwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[David Stewart]] | | [[File:DaveStewartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-05-05 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[Dave Thompson]] | | [[File:DaveThompsonMSP20120629.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-09-20 | | [[Lossiemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[David Whitton]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-04-22 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[Jim Tolson]] | | [[File:Jim Tolson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-05-26 | | [[Kirkcaldy|Kircaudy]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Nora Radcliffe]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-04 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[Sylvia Jackson]] | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-03 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-07-27 | [[Lincolnshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[Allan Wilson]] | | [[File:Allan Wilson.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-08-05 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[Bashir Ahmad]] | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940-02-12 | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-06 | [[Amritsar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[Bill Kidd]] | | [[File:BillKiddMSP20070509.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-07-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[Bill Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-12-11 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[Bob Doris]] | | [[File:BobDorisMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-11 | | [[Vale of Leven]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Chic Brodie]] | | [[File:Chic Brodie.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-05-08 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-24 | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Claudia Beamish]] | | [[File:ClaudiaBeamishMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-08-09 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Colin Beattie]] | | [[File:Colin Beattie.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951-10-17 | | [[Farfar]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Dennis Robertson]] | | [[File:DennisRobertson20120627.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-08-14 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Drew Smith]] | | [[File:DrewSmithMSP20110614.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 20th century | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[Graeme Dey]] | | [[File:GraemeDeyMSP20110507.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-10-29 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[Fiona McLeod]] | | [[File:FionaMcLeodMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-12-03 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Gordon MacDonald]] | | [[File:GordonMacDonaldMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-01-02 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Graeme Pearson]] | | [[File:GraemePearsonMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-04-01 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[Neil Bibby]] | | [[File:Neil Bibby.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-09-06 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[Hanzala Malik]] | | [[File:HanzalaMalikMSP20110601.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956-11-26 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-12-14 | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Margaret McCulloch]] | | [[File:Margaret McCulloch.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-05-09 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Jean Urquhart]] | | [[File:JeanUrquhartMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-05-17 | | [[Wast Lowden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Jenny Marra]] | | [[File:Jenny Marra MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-11-06 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Jim Eadie]] | | [[File:JimEadieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-10 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[John Pentland]] | | [[File:JohnPentlandMSP20110508.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-12-24 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Siobhan McMahon]] | | [[File:SiobhanMcMahonMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-04 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Marco Biagi]] | | [[File:Marco Biagi.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-31 | | [[The Vale]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Margaret McDougall]] | | [[File:MargaretMcDougallMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Mark Griffin]] | | [[File:Mark-Griffin-MSP-closeup.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-10-19 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Mary Fee]] | | [[File:MaryFeeMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-03-23 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[Mike MacKenzie]] | | [[File:MikeMacKenzieMSP20110509.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-11-18 | | [[Oban]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[Paul Wheelhouse]] | | [[File:PaulWheelhouseMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-06-22 | | [[Bilfawst|Belfast]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[Alison Johnstone]] | | [[File:Alison Johnstone 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-10-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[Cara Hilton]] | | [[File:Cara Hilton.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | [[Grangemooth]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[Cameron Buchanan]] | | [[File:CameronBuchananMSP20140129.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-09 | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023-06-24 | [[Woking]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[Alex Rowley]] | | [[File:AlexRowleyMSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-30 | | [[Dunfaurlin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Lesley Brennan]] | | [[File:Lesley Brennan.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Ben Wallace]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-05-15 | | [[Farnborough]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[Henry McLeish]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Henry McLeish, 2000.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-06-15 | | [[Methul]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Colin Campbell]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-08-31 | | [[Paisley]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[Dorothy-Grace Elder]] | | | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-11 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Duncan Hamilton]] | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Elaine Thomson]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Innerness]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[John McAllion]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-02-13 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Lyndsay McIntosh]] | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Ian Welsh]] | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11-23 | | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Lloyd Quinan]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Irene McGugan]] | | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | [[Angus]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[Kay Ullrich]] | | [[File:Kay Ullrich.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-05-05 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-01-04 | [[Preswick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[Keith Harding]] | | | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-11-21 | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-11-15 | [[Chipping Norton]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Nick Johnston]] | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-01-05 | | [[Filey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Sam Galbraith]] | | [[File:Sam Galbraith MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-18 | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-08-18 | [[Clitheroe]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Andrew Wilson]] | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[Lanrik]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[James Dornan]] | | [[File:JamesDornanMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-03-17 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[Joan McAlpine]] | | [[File:JoanMcAlpineMSP20120529.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-01-28 | | [[Gourock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[Brian Whittle]] | | [[File:BrianWhittleMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-04-26 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[Angus MacDonald]] | | [[File:AngusMacDonaldMSP20110510.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-10-11 | | [[Stornowa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[Neil Findlay]] | | [[File:NeilFindlayMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-06 | | [[Brocksburn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[Rachael Hamilton]] | | [[File:Rachel Hamilton MSP.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-09 | | [[Herefordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[Oliver Mundell]] | | [[File:Oliver Mundell 2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-12-01 | | [[Irvin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Finlay Carson]] | | [[File:FinlayCarsonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-10-18 | | [[Twynham, Dumfries an Gallowa|Twynham]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Gordon Lindhurst]] | | [[File:Gordon Lindhurst MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Ross Greer]] | | [[File:Ross Greer, October 2022.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-06-01 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Alexander Burnett]] | | [[File:Alexander Burnett.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-07-30 | | [[Banchry]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Ross Thomson]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Ross Thomson crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-09-21 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Colin Smyth]] | | [[File:Colin Smyth MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[Kate Forbes]] | | [[File:Deputy First Minister - designate and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic - designate, Kate Forbes (53707856301) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-04-06 | | [[Dingwal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Edward Mountain]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Edward Mountain MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-03-19 | | [[Moray]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Jamie Greene]] | | [[File:JamieGreeneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-19 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Maurice Golden]] | | [[File:MauriceGoldenMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-01-12 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Maurice Corry]] | | [[File:MauriceCorryMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-06 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[Monica Lennon]] | | [[File:MonicaLennonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Alison Harris]] | | [[File:AlisonHarrisMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-07-23 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Graham Simpson]] | | [[File:Harry Cavanagh meeting Graham Simpson MSP, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-05 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[Alex Cole-Hamilton]] | | [[File:AlexCole-HamiltonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-22 | | [[Hertfordshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[Ash Regan]] | | [[File:Ash Denham MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-03-08 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[Ben Macpherson]] | | [[File:BenMacphersonMSP-May2016.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1980s | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Ivan McKee]] | | [[File:Ivan McKee MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-09 | | [[Milligs Mill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[Annie Wells]] | | [[File:AnnieWellsMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-02-24 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[Daniel Johnson]] | | [[File:David Johnson MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-09-03 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[Peter Chapman]] | | [[File:Peter Chapman.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-13 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[Miles Briggs]] | | [[File:Miles Briggs.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983-03-30 | | [[Preston]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[Donald Cameron]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Cameron of Lochiel crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-11-26 | | [[St Mary's Hospital]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[Liam Kerr]] | | [[File:Liam Kerr MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-01-23 | | [[Chester]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[Jeremy Balfour]] | | [[File:Jeremy Balfour MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-03-11 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[Bill Bowman]] | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950-05-30 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[Michelle Ballantyne]] | | [[File:MichelleBallantyneMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-11-28 | | [[Ashton-under-Lyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[Jamie Halcro Johnston]] | | [[File:JamieHalcroJohnstonMSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-10-08 | | [[Oxford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[Tom Mason]] | | [[File:Tom Mason MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-31 | | [[Bishop's Stortford]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[Beatrice Wishart]] | | [[File:Beatrice Wishart MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | | [[Lerook]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[Jackie Dunbar]] | | [[File:Jackie Dunbar MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | [[Peterheid]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Marie McNair]] | | [[File:Marie McNair 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1976 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[Paul McLennan]] | | [[File:Minister for Housing Paul McLennan (52781732883) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[Collette Stevenson]] | | [[File:Collette Stevenson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-15 | | [[East Kilbride]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[Evelyn Tweed]] | | [[File:Official Portrait of Evelyn Tweed MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967 | | [[Ayr]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Natalie Don]] | | [[File:Natalie Don MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-02-12 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Margaret Burgess]] | | [[File:Margaret Burgess.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-12-07 | | [[Ayrshire]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Anne McTaggart]] | | [[File:AnneMcTaggartMSPPortrait.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-01-30 | | [[Coatbrig]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[Bill Walker]] | | [[File:BillWalkerMSP20110720.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Roderick Campbell]] | | [[File:RoderickCampbellMSP20110511.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-06-15 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Colin Keir]] | | [[File:ColinKeirMSP20110507.JPG|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-12-09 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Jayne Baxter]] | | [[File:JayneBaxterMSP20121211.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-11-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Katy Clark]] | | [[File:Katy Clark MP.jpeg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967-07-03 | | [[Kilwinnin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Foysol Choudhury]] | | [[File:Foysol Choudhury MBE.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-01-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Michelle Thomson]] | | [[File:Michelle Thomson 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-03-11 | | [[Easter Kirkpatrick|Bearsden]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[Martin Whitfield]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Martin Whitfield crop 2.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Jenni Minto]] | | [[File:Jenni Minto 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-11 | | [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[Audrey Nicoll]] | | [[File:Audrey Nicoll MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Jim Fairlie]] | | [[File:Minister for Agriculture and Connectivity - Jim Fairlie.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Stephanie Callaghan]] | | [[File:Stephanie Callaghan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[Hamiltoun]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Elena Whitham]] | | [[File:Official 2023 government portrait of Elena Whitham.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | [[Kilmaurnock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Kaukab Stewart]] | | [[File:Kaukab Stewart 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1967" | 1967<br/>1968 | | [[Pakistan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[Emma Roddick]] | | [[File:Emma Roddick 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-07-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[Sandesh Gulhane]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-22 | | [[Lunnon]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Mercedes Villalba]] | | [[File:Mercedes Villalba 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | [[Bristol]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Sue Webber]] | | [[File:Sue Webber 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[Michael Marra]] | | [[File:Michael Marra 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-02-17 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[Paul O'Kane]] | | [[File:Paul O'Kane 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-03-21 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Karen Adam]] | | [[File:Karen Adam MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-06-07 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[Sharon Dowey]] | | [[File:Sharon Dowey MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969<br/>1970 | | [[Girvan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[Davy Russell]] | | [[File:Davy Russell at the Scottish Parliament (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960s<br/>1962 | | [[Quarter]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[Alex Kerr]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Gillian Mackay]] | | [[File:Gillian Mackay 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | [[Fawkirk]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Laura Mitchell]] | | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[Ariane Burgess]] | | [[File:Ariane Burgess MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-11-20 | | [[Edinburgh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Kate Nevens]] | | [[File:Kate Nevens, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Meghan Gallacher]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Meghan Gallacher MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-01-17 | | [[Bellshill]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[Roz McCall]] | | [[File:Roz Mccall In Dunfermline.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[Pam Duncan-Glancy]] | | [[File:Pam Duncan-Glancy MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-11-02 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[Craig Hoy]] | | [[File:Craig Hoy 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[Douglas Lumsden]] | | [[File:Douglas Lumsden 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-08 | | [[Aiberdeen]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Pam Gosal]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Pam Gosal MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[Tess White]] | | [[File:Tess White 2021.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-02-18 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[Thomas Kerr]] | | [[File:Thomas Kerr Official MSP portrait 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[Carol Mochan]] | | [[File:Carol Mochan MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[Màiri McAllan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of net zero secretary Màiri McAllan (cropped 1).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-02-14 | | [[Glesga]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Mark Simpson]] | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-30 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[Laura Moodie]] | | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[Colm Merrick]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Julie MacDougall]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[Katherine Sangster]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Tim Eagle]] | | [[File:Tim eagle 24.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[David Kirkwood]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Holly Bruce]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[Irshad Ahmed]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Irshad Ahmed MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[Michelle Campbell]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Michelle Campbell (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Adam Harley]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[Simita Kumar]] | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[Iris Duane]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Iris Duane MSP (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Duncan Dunlop]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[Cara McKee]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[Helen McDade]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[David Smith]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[Q Manivannan]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Q Manivannan MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996<br/>1997 | | [[Tamil Nadu]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Katie Hagmann]] | | [[File:Katie Hagmann, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-04 | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[Jack Middleton]] | | [[File:Jack Middleton, Official MSP Portrait (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[Zen Ghani]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[Sanne Dijkstra-Downie]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Sanne Dijkstra-Downie (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[Duncan Massey]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Yi-pei Chou Turvey]] | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981 | | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill]] | | [[File:Kayleigh Kinross-O'Neill, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[Angela Ross]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Angela Ross MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[Amanda Bland]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Amanda Bland (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[Hannah Mary Goodlad]] | | [[File:Hannah Mary Goodlad Scottish Parliament Portrait 2026.jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[Jamie Langan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Kim Schmulian]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Lloyd Melville]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Senga Beresford]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Senga Beresford (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Mandy Lindsay]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Max Bannerman]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Max Bannerman MSP (cropped).png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[Kristopher Leask]] | | [[File:Kristopher Leask, Official MSP Portrait.png|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[Vic Currie]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Morven-May MacCallum]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[Dawn Black]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[Kate Campbell]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[David Barratt]] | | [[File:Official portrait of David Barratt MSP 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[Gary Bouse]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Andrew Baxter]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[Donald MacKinnon]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[Joe Fagan]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[David Green]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[Joe Long]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[Pauline Stafford]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[Jenny Young]] | | | | | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[Calum Kerr]] | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-04-05 | | [[Gallae]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[Heather Anderson]] | | [[File:Heather Anderson official portrait as an MEP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959-01-31 | | [[Dundee]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[Malcolm Offord]] | | [[File:Official portrait of Lord Offord of Garvel crop 2, 2025.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-09-05 | | [[Greenock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[James Adams]] | | [[File:Official portrait of James Adams MSP.jpg|center|100px]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990s | | [[Fraserburgh]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 1csgtwmdkfq6un3ldesypynflekltmg 0 230275 919112 912862 2026-07-10T07:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Hegelmann | image = | fullname = Futbolo klubas Hegelmann | nickname = (''fūristai'') | founded = 2007 | ground = [[Raudondvario stadionas]] ([[Raudondvaris]])<ref>[https://alyga.lt/naujiena/turo-anonsas-hegelmann-varzovus-priims-naujuose-namuose/8775 Turo anonsas: „Hegelmann“ varžovus priims naujuose namuose]</ref> | capacity = 1,000 | chairman = {{flagicon|LTU}} Dainius Šumauskas | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = | mgrtitle = Head coach {{flagicon|ESP}} Mikel Aramburu | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = 2025 | position = 2:d | website = | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_b1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_ra1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_sh1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_so1 = _hummel20w | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_b2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_ra2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_sh2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_so2 = _hummel20tb | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF }} '''Futbolo klubas Hegelmann''' ({{IPA-lt| [Hegelmann] |pron}}; '''Hegelmann''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Raudondvaris]] that plays in the [[A lyga]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''3:d plass (2)''' : == Saison == === FC Hegelmann Litauen === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2013''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | |- | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''2014''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#E2E2E2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ([[Kaunas]]) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2015''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-07 |archive-date=2024-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119042132/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu15lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-07 |archive-date=2017-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053020/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-07 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064227/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' (Pietūs) | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-07 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619070138/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | bgcolor="#ddffdd" style="text-align:center;"| |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga RSSSF 2021]</ref> |} === FC Hegelmann === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga RSSSF 2022]</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == References == {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.fchegelmann.com/ FC Hegelmann] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/lithuania/hegelmann-litauen/30665/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/fc-hegelmann-litauen/startseite/verein/69752 Transfermarkt] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fc-hegelmann-litauen/28798/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hegelmann}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] 1tb6zgtm9z14zptuimvcc6surh8fiqw 0 230277 919111 917929 2026-07-10T07:59:04Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 919111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FA Šiauliai | image = | fullname = Šiaulių futbolo akademija | nickname = (''šiauliečiai'') | founded = 2007 | ground = [[Savivaldybės Stadionas]]<br/>[[Šiauliai]] | capacity = 3,000 | chairman = ? | chrtitle = Chairman | manager = {{flagicon|LTU}} Mantas Kuklys | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = [[TOPLYGA]]<ref>[https://toplyga.lt/naujiena/naujasis-lietuvos-futbolo-cempionato-pavadinimas-toplyga/9300 Naujasis Lietuvos futbolo čempionato pavadinimas – TOPLYGA]</ref> | season = 2025 | position = 5:d, (A lyga) | website = | current = 2026 A lyga saison | pattern_la1=_hummelcorestriped1718by|pattern_b1=_hummelcorestriped1718by|pattern_ra1=_hummelcorestriped1718by|pattern_sh1=_lugo1517a|pattern_so1=_hummel20b| leftarm1=000000|body1=FFFF00|rightarm1=000000|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000| | pattern_la2=_senica1617h|pattern_b2=_senica1617h|pattern_ra2=_senica1617h|pattern_sh2=_senica1617h2|pattern_so2=_hummel20b| leftarm2=FF0000|body2=FF0000|rightarm2=FF0000|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=000000| | pattern_la3 = _hummelcorepoly1718y | pattern_b3 = _hummelcorepoly1718y | pattern_ra3 = _hummelcorepoly1718y | pattern_sh3= _hummelcorepoly1718y | pattern_so3= _yellowline | leftarm3 = FFFF00 | body3 = FFFF00 | rightarm3 = FFFF00 | shorts3 = 000000 | socks3 = 000000 }} '''Šiaulių futbolo akademija''' ({{IPA-lt| [Šiauliai] |pron}}; '''Šiauliai''' for short) is a lithuanien professional [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] club frae [[Šiauliai]] that plays in the [[TOPLYGA]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic competeetions=== * '''A lyga (D1)''' ** '''7:d plass (2)''' : 2022 == Saison == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- !Saison !Div. !Liga !Plass !Web |- |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2010''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#f5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''9.''' | |- ||||||| |- | bgcolor="#FFffFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | bgcolor="#dbf3ff" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Trečia lyga]]''' ''(Šiauliai)'' | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | |- ||||||| |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-01-07 |archive-date=2020-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608210521/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2w.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' ''(Vakarai)'' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2w.html</ref> |- ||||||| |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="text-align:center;"| '''2021''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[1 Lyga|Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#1lyga</ref> |- ||||||| |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2022''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2023''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#DEB678" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2024''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2025''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.siauliufa.lt Oficiali klubo svetainė] * [https://www.facebook.com/siauliufa/ facebook] * [https://www.soccerway.com/team/fa-siauliai/CMmWKuwf/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/siauliai-fa/startseite/verein/42310 Transfermarkt] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fa-siauliai/36613/ Globalsportsarchive] {{DEFAULTSORT:Šiauliai}} [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Lithauanie]] mw4sdmthfaslimq3opw0w1qwcxtmv5z 0 231760 919088 919086 2026-07-09T15:08:34Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-38971-94, chynged back tae last version bi Quinlan83 907880 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Gaza–Israel war''' is a localised pairt o the Israeli–Palestinian conflick beginnin in 1948, whan 200,000 Palestinians flichtit or wis herried oot frae thair hames, sattlin i the [[Gaza Strip]] as refugees. Sin syne, Israel hes focht 15<ref name="fifteenwars">{{Cite news|last=[[Jean-Pierre Filiu]]|title=French historian: Israel destroyed 4,000-year-old culture in Gaza|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/1/11/french-historian-israel-destroyed-4000-year-old-culture-in-gaza}}</ref> wars agin the Gaza Strip. The nummer o Gazans killt i the maist racent 2023-2025 war — 27,000 — is heicher nor the deith toll o aw ither wars o the Arab-Israeli conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=21 December 2023|title=Gaza Deaths Surpass Any Arab Loss in Wars With Israel in Past 40 Years|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/world/middleeast/gaza-death-toll-palestinians.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-05|title=Live updates {{!}} Israeli strikes raise Gaza death toll as Blinken heads to Mideast|language=en-US|work=The Hill|agency=Associated Press|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-live-updates-israeli-strikes-raise-gaza-death-toll-as-blinken-heads-to-mideast/|access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Gaza Strip]] [[Category:2023 daiths]] [[Category:War]] [[Category:Israel]] [[Category:2022 daiths]] [[Category:2000s]] [[Category:2006]] [[Category:2010s]] 050dtkqxptkwrddggem68ygbtv4bq64