Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Unitit Kinrick 0 1005 925706 925561 2026-11-03T22:06:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle=background:transparent;font-size:9pt; |title={{resize|11.5pt|{{nowrap|Unitit Kinrick o Great}} {{nowrap|Breetain an Northren Ireland}}}} |{{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:9pt;font-weight:normal; <!--Anglo--> |rowclass1=mergedrow |label1=[[Inglis leid|Inglis]]: |data1={{lang|en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}} |rowclass2=mergedrow |label2=[[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster Scots]]:|data2={{lang|sco|Claught Kängrick o Docht Brätain an Norlin Airlann}} <!--Brittonic--> |rowclass3=mergedrow |label3=[[Welsh leid|Welsh]]: |data3={{lang|cy|Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon}} |rowclass4=mergedrow |label4=[[Cornish leid|Cornish]]: |data4={{lang|kw|Rywvaneth Unys Breten Veur ha Kledhbarth Iwerdhon}} <!--Goidelic--> |rowclass5=mergedrow |label5=[[Scots&nbsp;Gaelic]]: |data5={{lang|gd|Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn is Èireann a Tuath}} |rowclass6 =mergedrow |label6=[[Erse leid|Erse]]: |data6={{lang|ga|Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann}} }} }} | common_name = Unitit Kinrick | linking_name = the Unitit Kinrick <!--Note: "the" required here as this entry used to create wikilinks--> | image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | image_coat = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg | alt_coat = Coat of arms containing shield and crown in centre, flanked by lion and unicorn | symbol_type = {{nowrap|[[Ryal coat o airms o the Unitit Kinrick|Ryal coat o airms]]{{tsp}}{{#tag:ref |The Ryal coat o airms uised in Scotland:<br /><center>[[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom in Scotland.svg|100px]]</center> |group="note"}}<!--(end nowrap:)-->}} | national_anthem = {{nowrap|1="[[God Save the King]]"{{#tag:ref |Thare is no authorised version o the naitional anthem as the wirds are a matter o tradeetion; anly the first verse is uisually sung.<ref>''[http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Symbols/NationalAnthem.aspx National Anthem]'', British Monarchy official website. Retrieved 16 November 2013.</ref> No law wis passed makin "God Save the King" the offeecial anthem. In the Inglis tradeetion, such laws are nae necessary; proclamation an uisage are sufficient tae mak it the naitional anthem. "God Save the King" an aa serves as the [[Honours music|Ryal anthem]] for certain [[Commonweel realms]]. |group="note"}} <div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg]]</center></div><!--(end nowrap:)-->}} | image_map = Europe-UK.svg | map_caption = {{map_caption |countryprefix=the |country={{nobold|Unitit&nbsp;Kinrick}} |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark gray |subregion= |subregion_color=green}} | languages_type = Offeecial leid<br />{{nobold|an national leid}} | languages = [[Inglis]] | languages2_type = Recognised regional<br />leids{{#tag:ref |Unner the [[Cooncil o Europe]]'s [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Leids]], Scots, Ulster-Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Erse an Scots Gaelic, are offeecially recognised as [[Regional leid|regional]] or [[Minority leid|minority]] leids bi the [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|Breetish govrenment]] for the purposes o the Charter. See an aa [[Leids o the Unitit Kinrick]].<ref name="reglang">{{cite web |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |accessdate=12 December 2013 |archive-date=2013-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |group="note"<!--(end #tag:)-->}} | languages2 = {{hlist|list_style=line-height:1.3em;|item_style=white-space; |[[Scots leid|Scots]]|[[Ulster Scots leid|Ulster‑Scots]]|[[Welsh leid|Welsh]]|[[Cornish leid|Cornish]]|[[Scots&nbsp;Gaelic]]|[[Erse leid|Erse]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{ublist|list_style=line-height:1.3em; |class=nowrap |87.1% [[White fowk|White]] |7.0% [[Breetish Asian|Asian]] |3.0% [[Black Breetish|Black]] |2.0% [[Mixed (Unitit Kinrick ethnicity category)|Mixed]] |0.9% ithers}} | ethnic_groups_year = [[Unitit Kinrick Census 2011|2011]] | demonym = {{hlist|[[Breetish fowk|Breetish]] | Briton}} | capital = [[Lunnon]] | coordinates = {{Coord|51|30|N|0|7|W|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Lunnon]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Charles, King o the Unitit Kinrick|Charles III]]}} | leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick|Prime&nbsp;Meenister]] | leader_name2 = [[Andy Burnham]] | legislature = [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick|Pairlament]] | upper_house = {{nowrap|[[Hoose o Lairds]]}} | lower_house = {{nowrap|[[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]]}} | sovereignty_type = [[History o the Unitit Kinrick|History]] | established_event1 = [[Acts o Union o Ingland an Scotland]] | established_date1 = {{nowrap|1 May 1707}} | established_event2 = [[Acts o Union o Great Breetain an Ireland]] | established_date2 = {{nowrap|1 January 1801}} | established_event3 = [[Erse Free State Constitution Act 1922|Erse Free State Constitution Act]] | established_date3 = {{nowrap|5 December 1922}} | established_date4 = {{nowrap|1 January 1973}} | area_rank = 80t | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 243610 | area_sq_mi = 94,060 | percent_water = 1.34 | population_estimate = {{increase}} 67,886,004<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|website=population.un.org|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=2020-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604174948/https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_census = 63,182,178<ref name="pop_census">{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/uk-census/index.html |title=2011 UK censuses |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=17 December 2012 |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131125807/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/uk-census/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 21st | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 22nt | population_density_km2 = 270.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 701.2 | population_density_rank = 50t | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $3.131&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOUK">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=14&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |accessdate=30 October 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_rank = 9t | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $46,827<ref name="IMFWEOUK"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 26t | GDP_nominal = {{decrease}} $2.744&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOUK"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_rank = 6t | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $41,030<ref name="IMFWEOUK"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 20t | Gini = 33.1 | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 33rd | HDI = 0.940<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |website=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |pages=274-277 |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 15t | currency = [[Poond&nbsp;sterling]] (£) | currency_code = GBP | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset = &#8203;<!--NOTE: Please do not remove. This is a blank character entity so that the infobox displays "UTC" without a specified offset.--> | time_zone_DST = [[Breetish Simmer Time|BST]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy&nbsp;([[Anno Domini|AD]]) | drives_on = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick|+44]] | cctld = [[.uk]] <!--| national_motto = | religion = | footnotes = --> }} The '''Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland''' ({{lang-en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}), commonly kent the '''Unitit Kinrick''' ({{lang-en|United Kingdom}}; '''UK''') or '''Breetain''' ({{lang-en|Britain}}), is a [[kintra]] in waster [[Europe]]. Lyin aff the north-wastren coast o the European mainlaund, the UK includes the isle o [[Great Breetain]], the north-eastren pairt o the isle o [[Ireland]] an mony smawer islands.<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Great Britain in English |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Great-Britain?q=Great+Britain |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=29 October 2014 |quote=Great Britain is the name for the island that comprises England, Scotland and Wales, although the term is also used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom. |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814114302/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/great-britain?q=Great+Britain |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Norlin Airlan]] is the anly pairt o the Unitit Kinrick that shares a laund mairch wi anither sovereign state{{mdashb}}the [[Republic o Ireland]].<ref group="note">Awtho Northren Ireland is the anly pairt o the UK that shares a laund mairch wi anither sovereign state, twa o [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|its Owerseas Territories]] an aa share laund mairches wi ither sovereign kintras. [[Gibraltar]] shares [[Gibraltar-Spain mairch|a mairch]] wi Spain, while the [[Sovereign Base Auries o Akrotiri an Dhekelia]] share borders wit the [[Republic o Cyprus]], the [[Turkis Republic o Northren Cyprus]] an the UN [[buffer zone]] separatin the twa Cypriot polities.</ref> Apairt frae this laund mairch, the UK is surroondit bi the Atlantic Ocean, wi the [[North Sea]] tae its east, the [[Inglis Channel]] tae its sooth an the [[Celtic Sea]] tae its sooth-sooth-wast, giein it the 12t-langest coastline in the warld. The [[Erse Sea]] lies atween Great Breetain an Ireland. Wi an aurie o {{convert|242500|km2|sqmi}}, the UK is the 78t-lairgest sovereign state in the warld an the 11t-lairgest in Europe. It is the 21st-maist populous kintra an aw, wi an estimatit 67.8 million indwallers as o 2020. The UK is a [[constitutional monarchy]] wi a [[pairlamentary seestem|pairliamentar democracy]].<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/HowtheMonarchyworks/Whatisconstitutionalmonarchy.aspx The British Monarchy, ''What is constitutional monarchy?'']. Retrieved 17 Julie 2013</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html CIA, ''The World Factbook''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065049/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html |date=2019-01-07 }}. Retrieved 17 July 2013</ref> The [[Monarchy o the Unitit Kinrick|monarch]] is [[Charles III|King Charles III]], The UK's caipital an lairgest ceety is [[Lunnon]], a [[global ceety]] an [[financial centre]] wi an urban aurie population o 10.3 million, the fowert-lairgest in Europe.<ref>The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 1950-2030, [http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/ World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 revision], Population Diveesion o the [[Unitit Naitions Depairtment o Economic an Social Affairs]]. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</ref> Ither major urban auries in the UK include the conurbations centred on [[West Midlands conurbation|Birmingham]], [[Wast Yorkshire Urban Aurie|Leeds]], [[Greater Glesga|Glesga]], [[Liverpuil Urban Aurie|Liverpuil]] an [[Greater Manchester Biggit-up Aurie|Manchester]]. The UK consists o fower kintras—[[Ingland]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]] an [[Northren Ireland]].<ref name="page823">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archive-date=9 September 2008 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=Prime Minister's Office |date=10 January 2003 |accessdate=8 March 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416083521/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |date=2010-04-16 }}</ref> Aw but Ingland hae [[devolution in the Unitit Kinrick|devolved]] admeenistrations,<ref name="devoladmins">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/devolution-of-powers-to-scotland-wales-and-northern-ireland#devolved-administrations |title=Devolution of powers to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland |publisher=United Kingdom Government |accessdate=17 April 2013 |quote=In a similar way to how the government is formed from members from the two Houses of Parliament, members of the devolved legislatures nominate ministers from among themselves to comprise executives, known as the devolved administrations...}}</ref> ilk wi varyin pouers,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7859034.stm |title=Fall in UK university students |publisher=BBC News |date=29 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transport-research.info/web/countryprofiles/uk.cfm |title=Country Overviews: United Kingdom |publisher=Transport Research Knowledge Centre |accessdate=28 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404062853/http://www.transport-research.info/web/countryprofiles/uk.cfm |archivedate=4 April 2010 |df=}}</ref> based in thair caipitals [[Edinburgh]], [[Cairdiff]] an [[Belfast]], respectively. The nearbi [[Isle o Man]], [[Bailiwick o Guernsey]] an [[Bailiwick o Jersey]] are no pairt o the UK, bein [[Croun dependencies]] wi the Breetish Govrenment responsible for defence an internaitional representation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517 |archivedate=15 October 2012 |title=Key facts about the United Kingdom |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121015000000/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517 |accessdate=6 March 2015 |publisher=[[Directgov]] |quote=<blockquote style="padding-top:0; margin-top:0; padding-left:0; padding-right:0;">The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Britain' is used informally, usually meaning the United Kingdom.<br /> The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.</blockquote> |df=}}</ref> Prior tae the [[History o the formation o the Unitit Kinrick|formation o the UK]], Wales haed been conquered an annexed bi the Kinrick o Ingland. This meant that the unitit kinrick creatit in 1707 bi the [[Treaty o Union]] atween Ingland an Scotland encompassed aw o Great Breetain. The Kinrick o Ireland merged wi this state in 1801 tae form the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland. Five-saxts o Ireland secedit frae the UK in 1922, leavin the present formulation o the Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain and Northren Ireland.<ref group="note">The [[Anglo-Erse Treaty]] wis signed on 6 December 1921 tae resolve the [[Erse War o Unthirldom]]. Whan it teuk effect ane year later, it established the [[Erse Free State]] as a separate [[dominion]] within the [[Commonweel o Naitions|Commonweel]]. The UK's current name wis adoptit tae reflect the cheenge.</ref> Thare are [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|fowerteen Breetish Owerseas Territories]],<ref name="overseasterrirories">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/protecting-and-developing-the-overseas-territories |title=Supporting the Overseas Territories |publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] |accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> the remnants o the [[Breetish Empire]] that, at its hicht in the 1920s, encompassed awmaist a quarter o the warld's land mass an wis the lairgest empire in history. Breetish influence can be observed in the leid, cultur an legal seestems o mony o its umwhile colonies. The UK is a developit kintra an haes the warld's saxt-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP <ref>{{cite web|title=Britain crashes out of world's top 5 economies|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/22/news/economy/uk-france-biggest-economies-in-the-world|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-date=2018-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233524/http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/22/news/economy/uk-france-biggest-economies-in-the-world|url-status=dead}}.</ref> an ninth-lairgest economy bi [[purchasin pouer parity]]. It haes a heich-income economy an haes a "verra heich" [[Human Development Index]], rankin 16t in the warld. It wis the first industrialised kintra an the warld's foremaist pouer in the 19t an early 20t centuries.<ref>{{cite book |title=The First Industrial Nation: the Economic History of Britain, 1700–1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/firstindustrialn00unse |publisher=Routledge |location=London |author=Mathias, P. |year=2001 |isbn=0-415-26672-6}}</ref><ref name="ferguson">{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |year=2004 |title=Empire: The rise and demise of the British world order and the lessons for global power |url=https://archive.org/details/empire00nial |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=0-465-02328-2}}</ref> The UK remeens a great pouer wi conseederable economic, cultural, militar, scienteefic an poleetical influence internaitionally.<ref>{{cite book |author1=T. V. Paul |author2=James J. Wirtz |author3=Michel Fortmann |title=Balance of Power |publisher=State University of New York Press, 2005 |year=2005 |pages=59, 282 |isbn=0791464016 |url=https://www.google.com/books?id=9jy28vBqscQC&pg=PA59&dq="Great+power"}} ''Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States'' p.59</ref><ref name="David M. McCourt">{{cite book |last=McCourt |first=David |title=Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics |publisher=University of Michigan Press |date=28 May 2014 |location=United States of America |pages= |isbn=0472072218 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=lwpOnwEACAAJ&dq=Britain+and+World+Power+Since+1945:+Constructing+a+Nation%27s+Role+in+International+Politics}}</ref> It is a recognised nuclear wappens state an is seivent in militar expenditur in the warld.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/Trends-world-military-expenditure-2016.pdf |title=Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016 |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] |format=PDF |accessdate=26 April 2017}}</ref> It haes been a [[permanent members o the Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil|permanent member]] o the [[Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil]] syne its first session in 1946. It wis a leadin member state o the EU an its predecessor, the [[European Economic Commonty]] (EEC), frae 1973 till 2020. The UK a member o the [[Commonweel o Naitions]], the [[G7 finance meenisters]], the [[G7 forum]], the [[G-20 major economies|G20]], [[NATO]], the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development]] (OECD), an the [[Warld Tred Organisation]] (WTO). == Historie o tha Unitit Kinrick == ===Early history=== Settlement bi [[Cro-Magnons|anatomically modren humans]] o whit wis tae acome the Unitit Kinrick occurred in waves beginnin bi aboot 30,000 years agae.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". [[BBC News]]. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Bi the end o the [[Prehistoric Breetain|region's prehistoric period]], the population is thocht tae hae belanged, in the main, tae a cultur termed [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], comprisin [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Breetain]] an [[Gaelic Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/celticculturehis00koch_128 |page=[https://archive.org/details/celticculturehis00koch_128/page/n1016 973] |author=Koch, John T. |isbn=978-1-85109-440-0 |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA}}</ref> The [[Roman conquest o Breetain|Roman conquest]], beginnin in 43 AD, an the 400-year [[Roman Britain|rule o soothren Breetain]], wis follaed bi an invasion bi [[Germanic fowks|Germanic]] [[Anglo-Saxon]] settlers, reducin the Brythonic area [[Wales#Medieval Wales|mainly tae whit wis tae acome Wales]], [[Cornwall]] an the historic [[Kinrick o Strathclyde]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Davies|editor1-link=John Davies (historian) |editor2-first=Nigel |editor2-last=Jenkins |editor2-link=Nigel Jenkins |editor3-first=Menna |editor3-last=Baines|editor4-first=Peredur I. |editor4-last=Lynch |editor4-link=Peredur Lynch |title=[[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]] |year=2008 |publisher=University of Wales Press |location=Cardiff |isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6 |page=915}}</ref> Maist o the region settled bi the Anglo-Saxons becam unifee'd as the [[Kinrick o Ingland]] in the 10t century.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml |title=Short Athelstan biography |publisher=BBC History |accessdate=9 April 2013}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Dál Riata|Gaelic-speakers in north-wast Britain]] (wi connections tae the north-east o Ireland an tradeetionally supposed tae hae migratit frae thare in the 5t century)<ref>{{cite book |author=Mackie, J.D. |authorlink=J.D. Mackie |title=A History of Scotland |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofscotlan00mack_0 |location=London |publisher=Penguin |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-14-013649-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofscotlan00mack_0/page/18 18]–19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Campbell, Ewan |title=Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots |url=https://archive.org/details/saintsseakingsfi0000camp |publisher=Canongate |location=Edinburgh |year=1999 |isbn=0-86241-874-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/saintsseakingsfi0000camp/page/8 8]–15}}</ref> unitit wi the [[Picts]] tae creaut the [[Kinrick o Scotland]] in the 9t century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haigh |first=Christopher |title=The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |page=30 |isbn=978-0-521-39552-6}}</ref> The [[Early Modren Breetain|early modren period]] saw releegious conflict resultin frae the [[Reformation]] an the introduction o [[Protestantism in the Unitit Kinrick|Protestant]] state kirks in ilk kintra.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> Wales wis [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|fully incorporatit intae the Kinrick o Ingland]],<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web |title=British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml |accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> an Ireland wis constitutit as a kinrick in personal union wi the Inglis croun.<ref>{{cite book |title=A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernb0000nich |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernb0000nich/page/171 171]–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-631-19334-0 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford}}</ref> In 1603, Elizabeth I o Ingland deed an [[Jamie VI o Scotland|Jamie the Saxt o Scotland]] becam [[James I o Ingland|James the First o Ingland]] an aa. Tha Acts o Union 1707 makkit tha [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]] an tha [[Scots Pairlament]] wis unitit wi tha Inglis pairlament in Lunnon. In the mid-17t century, aw three kinricks [[Wars o the Three Kinricks|war involved in a series o connectit wars]] (includin the [[Inglis Ceevil War]]) that led tae the temporar owerthraw o the monarchy an the establishment o the short-leeved [[unitar republic]] o the [[Commonweel o Ingland|Commonweel o Ingland, Scotland an Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/187936/English-Civil-Wars |title=English Civil Wars |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date= |accessdate=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/uk/scotland/01_laws.php |title=Scotland and the Commonwealth: 1651–1660 |publisher=Archontology.org |date=14 March 2010 |accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> Awtho the [[Restoration (1660)|monarchy wis restored]], the [[Interregnum (1649–1660)|Interregnum]] ensured (alang wi the [[Glorious Revolution]] o 1688 an the subsequent [[Bill of Rights 1689]], an the [[Claim of Right Act 1689]]) that, unlik muckle o the rest o Europe, [[ryal absolutism]] wad nae prevail, an a professed Catholic coud niver accede tae the thrane. The [[Breetish constitution]] wad develop on the basis o constitutional monarchy an the [[pairlamentary seestem]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lodge |first=Richard |year=2007 |origyear=1910 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=EBSpvBxGyqcC |title=The History of England&nbsp;– From the Restoration to the Death of William III (1660–1702) |publisher=Read Books |page=8 |isbn=978-1-4067-0897-4}}</ref> ===Treaty o Union=== Tho previous attempts at unitin the twa kinricks within Great Breetain in 1606, 1667, an 1689 haed pruived unsuccessfu, the attempt initiatit in 1705 led tae the Treaty o Union o 1706 bein agreed an ratified bi baith pairlaments. On 1 Mey 1707, the unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain came intae bein, the result o Acts o Union bein passed bi the pairlaments o Ingland an Scotland tae ratify the 1706 Treaty o Union an sae unite the twa kinricks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 |publisher=UK Parliament |accessdate=19 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ |title=Acts of Union 1707 |publisher=UK Parliament |accessdate=6 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=Treaty (act) of Union 1706 |publisher=Scottish History online |accessdate=3 February 2011 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 18t century, cabinet govrenment developed unner [[Robert Walpole]], in practice the first prime meenister (1721–1742). A series o [[Jacobite Uprisins]] socht tae remuive the Protestant [[Hoose o Hanover]] frae the Breetish thrane an restore the Catholic [[Hoose o Stuart]]. The Jacobites war feenally defeatit at the [[Battle o Culloden]] in 1746, efter that the [[Scots Hielanders]] war brutally suppressed. The Breetish colonies in North Americae that brak awey frae Britain in the [[American Revolutionary War|American War o Unthirldom]] becam the Unitit States o Americae, recognised bi Britain in 1783. Breetish imperial ambition turned taewart Asie, pairteecularly tae [[Company rule in Indie|Indie]].<ref>Library of Congress, [https://books.google.com/?id=BQDgr_XvsHoC&pg=PA73 ''The Impact of the American Revolution Abroad''], p. 73.</ref> Efter the defeat o Fraunce at the end o the [[French Revolutionary Wars|Revolutionary]] an [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1792–1815), Great Breetain emerged as the principal naval an imperial pouer o the 19t century (wi Lunnon the lairgest ceety in the warld frae aboot 1830).<ref>Tellier, L.-N. (2009). ''Urban World History: an Economic and Geographical Perspective''. Quebec: PUQ. p. 463. {{ISBN|2-7605-1588-5}}.</ref> [[Ryal Navy#1815–1914|Unchallenged at sea]], Breetish dominance wis later descrived as ''[[Pax Britannica]]'' ("Breetish Peace"), a period o [[Internaitional relations o the Great Pouers (1814–1919)|relative peace amang the Great Pouers]] (1815–1914) in that the Breetish Empire becam the global [[hegemon]] an adoptit the role o global polisman.<ref>[[#refJohnston2008|Johnston]], pp.&nbsp;508-10.</ref><ref>[[#refOHBEv3|Porter]], p.&nbsp;332.</ref><ref>Sondhaus, L. (2004). ''Navies in Modern World History''. London: Reaktion Books. p. 9. {{ISBN|1-86189-202-0}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Andrew |last=Porter |title=The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume III |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-924678-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=oo3F2X8IDeEC |ref=refOHBEv3 |page=332}}</ref> Breetain focht alangside Fraunce, Roushie an (efter 1917) the Unitit States, against Germany an its allies in the [[First Warld War]] (1914–1918).<ref>Turner, John (1988). ''Britain and the First World War''. London: Unwin Hyman. pp. 22–35. {{ISBN|978-0-04-445109-9}}.</ref> Breetish airmed forces war engaged athort muckle o the Breetish Empire an in several regions o Europe, pairteecularly on the [[Wastren Front (Warld War I)|Wastren front]].<ref name="Westwell&Cove">Westwell, I.; Cove, D. (eds) (2002). ''History of World War I, Volume 3''. Lunnon: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 698 an 705. {{ISBN|0-7614-7231-2}}.</ref> The heich fatalities o trench warfare caused the loss o muckle o a generation o men, wi lastin social effects in the naition an a great disruption in the social order. ===Erse unthirldom=== The rise o [[Erse naitionalism]], an disputes within Ireland ower the terms o [[Erse Hame Rule muivement|Erse Hame Rule]], led eventually tae the [[Pairteetion o Ireland|pairteetion o the island]] in 1921.<ref>SR&O 1921, No. 533 of 3 May 1921.</ref> The [[Erse Free State]] becam independent wi [[Dominion|Dominion status]] in 1922. Northren Ireland remeened pairt o the Unitit Kinrick.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6&nbsp;December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |accessdate=15 May 2006 |archive-date=2012-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wave o strikes in the mid-1920s culminatit in the [[1926 Unitit Kinrick general strike|General Strike o 1926]]. Britain haed still nae recuivered frae the effects o the war whan the [[Great Depression]] (1929–1932) occurred. This led tae conseederable unemployment an haurdship in the auld industrial auries, as weel as poleetical an social unrest in the 1930s, wi risin membership in communist an socialist pairties. A coaleetion govrenment wis formed in 1931.<ref>Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). ''Capitalism, Culture, and Decline in Britain, 1750–1990''. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 11. {{ISBN|0-415-03719-0}}.</ref> Breetain entered the [[Seicont Warld War]] bi declarin war on Germany in 1939, efter Germany haed invadit Poland. [[Winston Churchill]] becam prime meenister an heid o a coaleetion govrenment in 1940. Despite the defeat o its European allies in the first year o the war, Breetain an its Empire conteena'd the ficht alane against Germany. In 1940, the [[Ryal Air Force]] defeatit the German [[Luftwaffe]] in a struggle for control o the skies in the [[Battle o Breetain]]. Urban auries suffered hivy bombin in [[the Blitz]]. Thare war an aa eventual haurd-focht veectories in the [[Battle o the Atlantic]], the [[North Africae campaign]] an the [[Burma campaign]]. Breetish forces played an important role in the [[Normandy laundins]] o 1944, achieved wi its Unitit States ally. ===Syne Warld War II=== Efter the end o the Seicont Warld War in 1945, the UK wis ane o the [[Fower Polismen|Big Fower]] pouers (alang wi the U.S., the Soviet Union, an Cheenae) that met tae plan the post-war warld;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Doenecke |first1=Justus D. |last2=Stoler |first2=Mark A. |title=Debating Franklin D. Roosevelt's foreign policies, 1933–1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdMF9rX6mX8C&pg=PA62 |year=2005 |accessdate=19 March 2016 |isbn=0-8476-9416-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.iup.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=37681 |title=The Four Policemen and. Postwar Planning, 1943-1945: The Collision of Realist and. Idealist Perspectives. |last=Kelly |first=Brian |accessdate=25 August 2015 |archive-date=2015-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022125442/https://www.iup.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=37681 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it wis an oreeginal seegnatory tae the [[Declaration o the Unitit Naitions]]. The UK wis the third kintrea tae develop [[Nuclear wappen|a nuclear wappens airsenal]] (wi its [[Operation Hurricane|first atomic bomb test]] in 1952), but the new post-war leemits o Breetain's internaitional role war illustratit bi the [[Suez Creesis]] o 1956. Frae the late 1960s, Northren Ireland suffered communal an paramilitar veeolence (whiles affectin ither pairts o the UK) conventionally kent as [[the Tribbles]]. It is uisually conseedert tae hae endit wi the [[Belfast Agreement|Belfast "Guid Fryday" Agreement]] o 1998.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Politics of Northern Ireland: Beyond the Belfast Agreement |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsnorthern00augh |first=Arthur |last=Aughey |isbn=978-0-415-32788-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicsnorthern00augh/page/7 7] |year=2005 |location=London |publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name=Hope>"The troubles were over, but the killing continued. Some of the heirs to Ireland's violent traditions refused to give up their inheritance." {{cite book |author=Holland, Jack |title=Hope against History: The Course of Conflict in Northern Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/hopeagainsthisto00holl |publisher=Henry Holt |location=New York |year=1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hopeagainsthisto00holl/page/221 221] |isbn=978-0-8050-6087-4}}</ref><ref>Elliot, Marianne (2007). ''The Long Road to Peace in Northern Ireland: Peace Lectures from the Institute of Irish Studies at Liverpool University.'' University of Liverpool Institute of Irish Studies, Liverpool University Press. p. 2. {{ISBN|1-84631-065-2}}.</ref> Aroond the end o the 20t century thare war major cheenges tae the govrenance o the UK wi the establishment o devolved admeenistrations for Scotland, Wales an Northren Ireland.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom |accessdate=4 February 2009 |journal=Publius: the Journal of Federalism |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=217–234 |last=Keating |first=Michael |date=1 January 1998 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029948}}</ref> In the decade-lang process o [[European integration]], the UK wis a foondin member o the alliance cried the [[Wastren European Union]], established wi the [[Lunnon an Paris Conferences]] in 1954. In 1960 the UK wis ane o the seeven foondin members o the [[European Free Tred Association]] (EFTA), but in 1973 it left tae jyne the [[European Commonties]] (EC). Whan the EC becam the [[European Union]] (EU) in 1992, the UK wis ane o the 12 foondin members. In 2016, the Unitit Kinrick [[Unitit Kinrick European Union membership referendum, 2016|votit tae leave the European Union]].<ref name="Washington Post">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/britons-head-to-the-polls-for-historic-vote-on-eu/2016/06/23/0d466fb0-34a7-11e6-ab9d-1da2b0f24f93_story.html |title=In stunning decision, Britain votes to leave the E.U. |date=24 June 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref> The legal process o leavin the EU begoud on 29 Mairch 2017, wi the [[Unitit Kinrick invocation o Airticle 50 o the Treaty on European Union|UK's invocation o Airticle 50]] o the Treaty o Lisbon, formally notifyin the EU o the UK's intention tae leave. The UK steyed a fou member o the EU till 31 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/article-50-options|title=Article 50 extension|last=Wright|first=Georgina|date=29 October 2019|website=Institute for Government|access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref> ==Geografie== [[File:Uk topo en.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The topografie o the UK]] The tot aurie o the Unitit Kinrick is approximately {{convert|243610|km2|sqmi|-1}}. The kintra occupies the major pairt o the Breetish Isles<ref>Oxford English Dictionary: "British Isles: a geographical term for the islands comprising Great Britain and Ireland with all their offshore islands including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands."</ref> [[airchipelago]] an includes the island o Great Breetain, the north-eastren ane-saxt o the island o Ireland an some smawer surroondin islands. It lies atween the North Atlantic Ocean an the North Sea wi the sooth-east coast comin within {{convert|35|km|mi|0|order=flip}} o the coast o northren Fraunce, frae that it is separatit bi the [[Inglis Channel]].<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html |title=United Kingdom |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=23 September 2008 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065049/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1993 10% o the UK wis forestit, 46% uised for pastures an 25% cultivatit for agricultur.<ref name="Atlapedia">{{cite web |author=Latimer Clarke Corporation Pty Ltd |url=http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/unitedki.htm |title=United Kingdom&nbsp;– Atlapedia Online |publisher=Atlapedia.com |accessdate=26 October 2010}}</ref> The [[Ryal Observatory, Greenwich|Ryal Greenwich Observatory]] in Lunnon is the definin pynt o the [[Prime Meridian]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/the-prime-meridian-at-greenwich |title=The Prime Meridian at Greenwich |author=ROG Learning Team |date=23 August 2002 |work=Royal Museums Greenwich |publisher=Royal Museums Greenwich |accessdate=11 September 2012 |archive-date=2015-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107023957/http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/the-prime-meridian-at-greenwich |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Unitit Kinrick lies atween latitudes [[49t parallel north|49°]] tae [[61st parallel north|61° N]], an longitudes [[9t meridian wast|9° W]] tae [[2nt meridian east|2° E]]. Northren Ireland shares a {{convert|360|km|mi|0|adj=on|order=flip}} laund boondary wi the Republic o Ireland.<ref name="factbook"/> The coastline o Great Breetain is {{convert|17820|km|mi|0|order=flip}} lang.<ref name="UK coastline">{{cite web |url=http://www.cartography.org.uk/default.asp?contentID=749 |title=How long is the UK coastline? |first=Giles |last=Darkes |date=January 2008 |accessdate=24 January 2015 |publisher=The [[British Cartographic Society]] |archive-date=2012-05-27 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67yAn3CWU?url=http://www.cartography.org.uk/default.asp?contentID=749 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is connectit tae [[continental Europe]] bi the [[Channel Tunnel]], that at {{convert|50|km|mi|0|order=flip}} ({{convert|38|km|mi|0|order=flip}} unnerwatter) is the langest unnerwatter tunnel in the warld.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurotunnel.com/ukcP3Main/ukcCorporate/ukcTunnelInfrastructure/ukcInfrastructure/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218114514/http://www.eurotunnel.com/ukcP3Main/ukcCorporate/ukcTunnelInfrastructure/ukcInfrastructure |archivedate=18 December 2010 |title=The Channel Tunnel |publisher=Eurotunnel |accessdate=8 March 2015}}</ref> [[Ingland]] accoonts for juist ower hauf o the tot aurie o the UK, cuiverin {{convert|130395|km2|sqmi|-1}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=England&nbsp;– Profile |date=11 February 2010}}</ref> Maist o the kintra consists o lawland terrain,<ref name="Atlapedia"/> wi moontainous terrain north-wast o the [[Tees-Exe line]]; includin the [[Loch Destrict|Cumbrian Moontains]] o the Loch Destrict, the [[Pennines]], [[Exmoor]] an [[Dartmoor]]. The main rivers an estuaries are the [[River Thames|Thames]], [[River Severn|Severn]] an the [[Humber]]. Ingland's heichest moontain is [[Scafell Pike]] ({{convert|978|m|ft|0}}) in the [[Loch Destrict]]. Its principal rivers are the Severn, Thames, Humber, Tees, Tyne, Tweed, Avon, Exe an Mersey.<ref name="Atlapedia"/> [[Scotland]] accoonts for juist unner a third o the tot aurie o the UK, cuiverin {{convert|78772|km2|sqmi|-1}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=Scotland Online Gateway |accessdate=16 July 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |archivedate=21 June 2008 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |date=2008-06-21 }}</ref> an includin nearly aicht hunder islands,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/uk/the-complete-guide-to-the--scottish-islands-633851.html |title=The complete guide to the ... Scottish Islands |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1 June 2000 |first=Jon |last=Winter |accessdate=8 March 2015}}</ref> predominantly wast an north o the mainland; notably the [[Hebrides]], [[Orkney|Orkney Islands]] an [[Shetland|Shetland Islands]]. Scotland is the maist moontainous kintra in the UK an its topografie is distinguished bi the [[Hieland Boondary Faut]]—a [[Faut (geology)|geological rock fractur]]—that traverses Scotland frae [[Isle o Arran|Arran]] in the wast tae [[Stanehyve]] in the east.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst7728.html |title=Overview of Highland Boundary Fault |work=Gazetteer for Scotland |publisher=University of Edinburgh |accessdate=27 December 2010}}</ref> The [[Faut (geology)|faut]] separates twa distinctively different regions; namely the [[Scots Hielands|Hielands]] tae the north an wast an the [[Scots Lawlands|lawlands]] tae the sooth an east. The mair rugged Hieland region conteens the majority o Scotland's moontainous laund, includin [[Ben Nevis]] that at {{convert|1343|m|ft|0}} is the heichest pynt in the Breetish Isles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=Ben Nevis Weather |accessdate=26 October 2008 |archive-date=2012-05-27 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67yAqrmVy?url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lawland auries—especially the narrae waist o laund atween the [[Firth o Clyde]] an the [[Firth o Forth]] kent as the [[Central Lawlands|Central Belt]]—are flatter an hame tae maist o the population includin [[Glesga]], Scotland's lairgest ceety, an [[Edinburgh]], its caipital an poleetical centre, awtho upland an moontainous terrain lies within the [[Soothren Uplands]]. [[Wales]] accoonts for less nor a tent o the tot aurie o the UK, cuiverin {{convert|20779|km2|sqmi|-1}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/6233450.stm |title=Profile: Wales |publisher=BBC News |date=9 June 2010 |accessdate=7 November 2010}}</ref> Wales is maistly moontainous, tho [[Sooth Wales]] is less moontainous nor [[North Wales|North]] an [[mid Wales]]. The main population an industrial auries are in Sooth Wales, consistin o the coastal ceeties o [[Cairdiff]], [[Swansea]] an [[Newport, Wales|Newport]], an the [[Sooth Wales Valleys]] tae their north. The heichest moontains in Wales are in [[Snowdonie]] an include [[Snowdon]] ({{lang-cy|Yr Wyddfa}}) that, at {{convert|1085|m|ft|0}}, is the heichest peak in Wales.<ref name="Atlapedia"/> The 14, or possibly 15, Welsh moontains ower {{convert|3,000|ft|m|abbr=off}} heich are kent collectively as the [[Welsh 3000s]]. Wales haes ower {{convert|1680|mi|0|abbr=off|order=flip}} o coastline.<ref name="UK coastline" /> Several islands lie aff the Welsh mainland, the lairgest o that is [[Anglesey]] (''Ynys Môn'') in the north-wast. [[Northren Ireland]], separatit frae Great Breetain bi the [[Erse Sea]] an [[North Channel (Great Breetain an Ireland)|North Channel]], haes an aurie o {{convert|14160|km2|sqmi|-1}} an is maistly hilly. It includes [[Lough Neagh]] that, at {{convert|388|km2|sqmi|0}}, is the lairgest loch in the Breetish Isles bi aurie.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdate=22 May 2006 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The heichest peak in Northren Ireland is [[Slieve Donard]] in the [[Mourne Moontains]] at {{convert|852|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="Atlapedia"/> ===Climate=== The Unitit Kinrick haes a temperate climate, wi plentifu rainfaw aw year roond.<ref name="factbook"/> The temperatur varies wi the saisons seendle drappin ablo {{convert|-11|C|lk=on}} or risin abuin {{convert|35|C}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ |title=UK climate summaries |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=1 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67yAsDB9c?url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ |archivedate=27 May 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The prevailin wind is frae the sooth-wast an beirs frequent spells o mild an wet wather frae the Atlantic Ocean,<ref name="factbook"/> awtho the eastren pairts are maistly sheltered frae this wind syne the majority o the rain faws ower the wastren regions the eastren pairts are tharefore the driest. Atlantic currents, wairmed bi the [[Gulf Stream]], bring mild winters;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukclimateprojections.metoffice.gov.uk/23152 |title=Atlantic Ocean Circulation (Gulf Stream) |work=UK Climate Projections |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=8 March 2015 |archive-date=2018-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017162552/http://ukclimateprojections.metoffice.gov.uk/23152 |url-status=dead }}</ref> especially in the wast whaur winters are wet an iven mair sae ower heich grund. Simmers are wairmest in the sooth-east o Ingland, bein closest tae the European mainland, an cuilest in the north. Hivy snawfaw can occur in winter an early ware on heich grund, an occasionally settles tae great deepth awey frae the hills. ==Economy== The UK haes a pairtially regulatit [[mercat economy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/biscore/better-regulation/docs/p/11-795-principles-for-economic-regulation |title=Principles for Economic Regulation |date=April 2011 |publisher=Department for Business, Innovation & Skills |accessdate=1 May 2011}}</ref> Based on mercat [[exchynge rate]]s, the UK is theday the fift-lairgest economy in the warld an the seicont-lairgest in Europe efter Germany. [[HM Thesaury]], led bi the [[Chancellor o the Exchequer]], is responsible for developin an executin the govrenment's public finance policy an economic policy. The [[Bank o Ingland]] is the UK's [[central bank]] an is responsible for issuin notes an cunyies in the naition's siller, the [[poond sterling]]. Banks in Scotland an Northren Ireland reteen the richt tae issue thair awn notes, subject tae reteenin eneuch Bank o Ingland notes in reserve tae cuiver their issue. The poond sterling is the warld's third-lairgest [[reserve siller]] (efter the US dollar an the euro).<ref>{{cite news |last=Chavez-Dreyfuss |first=Gertrude |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/asiaCompanyAndMarkets/idINN3141616420080331?sp=true |agency=Reuters |title=Global reserves, dollar share up at end of 2007-IMF |date=1 April 2008 |accessdate=21 December 2009 |archive-date=2009-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109210433/http://in.reuters.com/article/asiaCompanyAndMarkets/idINN3141616420080331?sp=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> Syne 1997 the Bank o Ingland's [[Monetary Policy Committee]], heidit bi the Govrenor o the Bank o Ingland, haes been responsible for settin interest rates at the level necessar tae achieve the oweraw inflation target for the economy that is set bi the Chancellor ilk year.<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm |title=More About the Bank |date=n.d. |publisher=Bank of England |url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm |archivedate=12 March 2008}}</ref> The UK [[Tertiary sector o the economy|service sector]] maks up aroond 79% o GDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/output/bulletins/indexofservices/october2017|title=UK index of services: October 2017|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=22 December 2017|accessdate=15 January 2018}}</ref> == Demografie == === Population === In the [[Unitit Kinrick Census 2011|2011 census]] the tot population o the Unitit Kinrick wis 63,181,775.<ref name="2011census">{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_292378.pdf |title=2011 Census: Population Estimates for the United Kingdom |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=27 March 2011 |accessdate=18 December 2012 |archive-date=2016-01-05 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_292378.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the fift-lairgest in the [[Commonweel o Nations]] an the 22nt lairgest in the warld. === Leids === The UK's ''de facto'' offeecial leid is Inglis.<ref name="direct.gov.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121015000000/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519|archive-date=15 October 2012 |title=English language&nbsp;– Government, citizens and rights |work=[[Directgov]] |accessdate=23 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="thecommonwealth.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560/ |title=Commonwealth Secretariat&nbsp;– UK |publisher=[[Commonwealth Secretariat]] |accessdate=23 August 2011}}</ref> Houiver, thar is monie leids spak in the Unitit Kinrick bi baith native an immigrant. The native leids can be spleet inti twa groups: * The [[Celtic leids]]: [[Scots Gaelic leid|Scots Gaelic]], [[Erse leid|Erse]], [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] an [[Cornish leid|Cornish]] * The [[Germanic leid]]s: [[Scots leid|Scots]] an [[Inglis leid|Inglish]] ===Releegion=== In the 2001 census 71.6% o aw respondents indicatit that thay war Christians, wi the next lairgest faiths bein Islam (2.8%), [[Hinduism]] (1.0%), [[Sikhism]] (0.6%), [[Judaism]] (0.5%), [[Buddhism]] (0.3%) an aw ither releegions (0.3%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |publisher=National Office for Statistics |accessdate=22 April 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312034628/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archivedate=12 March 2007}}</ref> 15% o respondents statit that thay haed na releegion, wi a forder 7% nae statin a releegious preference.<ref>{{cite web |title=Religious Populations |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=11 October 2004 |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zFDlspeL?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=954 |archivedate=6 June 2011 |df=}}</ref> ==Politics== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Queen Elizabeth II in March 2015.jpg | width1 = 150 | caption1 = [[Queen Elizabeth II]], Monarch syne 1952 | image2 = Boris Johnson official portrait (cropped).jpg | width2 = 141 | caption2 = [[Boris Johnson]], Prime Meenister syne 2019 }} The Unitit Kinrick is a unitar state unner a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II haes been the monarch an heid o state o the UK, as weel as Queen o fifteen ither independent [[Commonweel realm|Commonweel kintras]]. The monarch haes "the richt tae be consultit, the richt tae encourage, an the richt tae wairn".<ref>[[Walter Bagehot|Bagehot, Walter]] (1867). ''The English Constitution''. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 103.</ref> The Constitution o the Unitit Kinrick is [[uncodified constitution|uncodified]] an consists maistly o a collection o disparate written soorces, includin [[statute]]s, juidge-made [[case law]] an internaitional treaties, thegither wi [[Breetish Constitution#Conventions|constitutional conventions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdate=16 May 2006 |author=Carter, Sarah |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67yH6Ly5h?url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm |archivedate=27 May 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> As thare is na technical difference atween ordinar statutes an "constitutional law", the Pairlament o the UK Pairlament can perform "constitutional reform" semply bi passin [[Act o Pairlament|Acts o Pairlament]], an sicweys haes the poleetical pouer tae cheenge or abolish awmaist ony written or unwritten element o the constitution. Houiver, na Pairlament can pass laws that futur Pairlaments canna cheenge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67yH6yA8K?url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm |archivedate=27 May 2012 |title=Parliamentary sovereignty |publisher=UK Parliament |date=n.d.}}</ref> The UK haes a pairlamentar govrenmen based on the Wastmeenster seestem that haes been emulatit aroond the warld: a legacy o the Breetish Empire. The pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick meets in the [[Palace o Wastmeenster]] an haes twa houses: an electit [[Hoose o Commons o the Unitit Kinrick|Hoose o Commons]] an appointit [[Hoose o Lairds]]. Aw bills passed are gien [[Ryal Assent]] afore acomin law. The poseetion o [[Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick|prime meenister]],<ref group="note">Syne the early twentiet century the prime meenister haes held the office o [[First Laird o the Thesaury]], an in recent decades haes an aa held the office o [[Meenister for the Ceevil Service]].</ref> the UK's heid o govrenment,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Government, Prime Minister and Cabinet |work=Public services all in one place |publisher=[[Directgov]] |url=http://direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/UKgovernment/Centralgovernmentandthemonarchy/DG_073444 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921004951/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/UKgovernment/Centralgovernmentandthemonarchy/DG_073444 |archivedate=2012-09-21 |accessdate=9 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> belangs tae the person maist likely tae command the confidence o the Hoose o Commons. ==Cultur== ===Airts=== The Inglis playwright an poet [[William Shakespeare]] is widely regairdit as the greatest dramatist o aw time,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=William Shakespeare (English author) |publisher=Britannica Online encyclopedia |accessdate=26 February 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |archivedate=9 February 2006 |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=26 February 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |publisher=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia |title=William Shakespeare |accessdate=26 February 2006}}</ref> [[Robert Burns]] is a weel kent an praised poet. [[The Beatles]] hae internaitional sales o ower ane billion units an are the biggest-sellin an maist influential baund in the history o popular muisic.<ref name="Beatles sales">{{cite web |url=http://www.emimusic.com/about/history/1960-1969/# |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425011032/http://www.emimusic.com/about/history/1960-1969/ |archivedate=25 April 2014 |title=1960–1969 |publisher=EMI Group |accessdate=9 March 2015 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425011032/http://www.emimusic.com/about/history/1960-1969/ |date=2014-04-25 }}</ref><ref name="McCartney">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,975715-2,00.html |title=Paul At Fifty |work=Time |location=New York |date=8 June 1992 |access-date=2018-02-04 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518221715/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,975715-2,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Guinness">[https://books.google.com/?id=rdU1xtIWJz0C Most Successful Group] ''[[The Guinness Book of Records]]'' 1999, p. 230. Retrieved 19 March 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/music/news/beatles-a-big-hit-with-downloads-15013117.html |title=Beatles a big hit with downloads |newspaper=Belfast Telegraph |date=25 November 2010 |accessdate=16 May 2011}}</ref> Ither prominent Breetish contreibutors tae hae influenced popular muisic ower the last 50 year include [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Queen (baund)|Queen]], [[Led Zeppelin]], the [[Bee Gees]], an [[Elton John]], aw o that hae warldwide record sales o 200&nbsp;million or mair.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.emimusic.com/news/2009/singstar®-queen-to-be-launched-by-sony-computer-entertainment-europe/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423012539/http://www.emimusic.com/news/2009/singstar%C2%AE-queen-to-be-launched-by-sony-computer-entertainment-europe/ |archivedate=23 April 2014 |title=British rock legends get their own music title for PlayStation3 and PlayStation2 |publisher=[[EMI]] |date=2 February 2009 |accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2305273/Sir-Elton-John-honoured-in-Ben-and-Jerry-ice-cream.html |title=Sir Elton John honoured in Ben and Jerry ice cream |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=17 July 2008 |first=Urmee |last=Khan |location=London |access-date=2018-02-04 |archive-date=2008-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801175725/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2305273/Sir-Elton-John-honoured-in-Ben-and-Jerry-ice-cream.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1562875/Rock-group-Led-Zeppelin-to-reunite.html |title=Rock group Led Zeppelin to reunite |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=19 April 2008 |location=London |first=Richard |last=Alleyne |accessdate=31 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Floyd 'true to Barrett's legacy' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5170644.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=11 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Kate |last=Holton |title=Rolling Stones sign Universal album deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL1767761020080117 |publisher=Reuters |date=17 January 2008 |accessdate=26 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Walker |title=Jive talkin': Why Robin Gibb wants more respect for the Bee Gees |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jive-talkin-why-robin-gibb-wants-more-respect-for-the-bee-gees-826116.html |work=The Independent |location=London |date=12 May 2008 |accessdate=26 October 2008 |archive-date=2011-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013215157/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jive-talkin-why-robin-gibb-wants-more-respect-for-the-bee-gees-826116.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Unitit Kinrick haes haed a conseederable influence on the history o the cinema. The Breetish directors [[Alfred Hitchcock]], that's film ''[[Vertigo (film)|Vertigo]]'' is conseedert bi some creetics as the [[Leet o films conseedert the best|best film o aw time]],<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-19078948 |title=Vertigo is named 'greatest film of all time' |publisher=BBC News |date=2 August 2012 |accessdate=18 August 2012}}</ref> an [[David Lean]] are amang the maist critically acclaimed o aw-time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/directors-directors.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/67yHUco5o?url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/directors-directors.html |archivedate=27 May 2012 |title=The Directors' Top Ten Directors |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> ither important directors includin [[Charlie Chaplin]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462570/index.html |title=Chaplin, Charles (1889–1977) |accessdate=25 January 2011 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808161146/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462570/index.html |archive-date=2012-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Michael Powell]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/447167/index.html |title=Powell, Michael (1905–1990) |accessdate=25 January 2011 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016214930/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/447167/index.html |archive-date=2018-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Carol Reed]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/459891/index.html |title=Reed, Carol (1906–1976) |accessdate=25 January 2011 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808160709/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/459891/index.html |archive-date=2012-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Edgar Wright]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bacc7dbca |title=Wright, Edgar (1974–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Christopher Nolan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbfd6e83e |title=Nolan, Christopher (1970–) |accessdate=6 May 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> an [[Ridley Scott]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462413/index.html |title=Scott, Sir Ridley (1937–) |accessdate=25 January 2011 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926203802/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462413/index.html |archive-date=2018-09-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mony Breetish actors hae achieved internaitional fame an creetical success, includin: [[Julie Andrews]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/446530/index.html |title=Andrews, Julie (1935–) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Richard Burton]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/472165/index.html |title=Burton, Richard (1925–1984) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Michael Caine]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/463342/index.html |title=Caine, Michael (1933–) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916155611/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/463342/index.html |archive-date=2018-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Colin Firth]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/873595/index.html |title=Firth, Colin (1960–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Gary Oldman]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/471018/index.html |title=Oldman, Gary (1958–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260914191705/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/471018/index.html |archive-date=2026-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ben Kingsley]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/474377/index.html |title=Kingsley, Ben (1942–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Ian McKellen]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/492416/index.html |title=McKellen, Ian (1939–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Liam Neeson]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/490910/index.html |title=Neeson, Liam (1952–) |accessdate=12 September 2017 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> Charlie Chaplin,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462570/index.html |title=Chaplin, Charles (1889–1977) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808161146/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/462570/index.html |archive-date=2012-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sean Connery]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/455509/index.html |title=Connery, Sean (1930–) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018185407/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/455509/index.html |archive-date=2018-10-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Vivien Leigh]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/488753/index.html |title=Leigh, Vivien (1913–1967) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[David Niven]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/458293/index.html |title=Niven, David (1910–1983) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Laurence Olivier]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/450224/index.html |title=Olivier, Laurence (1907–1989) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Peter Sellers]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/461941/index.html |title=Sellers, Peter (1925–1980) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Kate Winslet]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/489012/index.html |title=Winslet, Kate (1975–) |accessdate=11 December 2010 |publisher=British Film Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916155611/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/489012/index.html |archive-date=2018-09-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Anthony Hopkins]],<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/film/Player/Player_Page/0,,-3689,00.html |title=Anthony Hopkins |work=The Guardian |location= London |accessdate=21 January 2015}}</ref> an [[Daniel Day-Lewis]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21570142 |title= Daniel Day-Lewis makes Oscar history with third award |publisher=BBC News |date=25 February 2013 |accessdate=15 August 2013}}</ref> ==Sport== Major sports, includin association fitbaa, [[tennis]], [[rugby union]], [[rugby league]], [[gowf]], [[boxin]], [[netbaw]], [[rowin (sport)|rowin]] an [[cricket]], oreeginatoy or war substantially developed in the UK an the states that precedit it. Wi the rules an codes o mony modren sports inventit an codifee'd in late 19t century Victorian Breetain, in 2012, the Preses o the IOC, [[Jacques Rogge]], statit; ''"This great, sports-loving country is widely recognised as the birthplace of modern sport. It was here that the concepts of sportsmanship and fair play were first codified into clear rules and regulations. It was here that sport was included as an educational tool in the school curriculum"''.<ref>[http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Games_London_2012/London_2012_Opening_ceremony_Speech_Jacques_Rogge.pdf "Opening ceremony of the games of the XXX Olympiad"]. Olympic.org. Retrieved 30 November 2013.</ref><ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/07/23/uk-oly-preview-ad-idUKBRE86M0I720120723 "Unparalleled Sporting History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031252/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/07/23/uk-oly-preview-ad-idUKBRE86M0I720120723 |date=2013-12-03 }}. Reuters. Retrieved 30 November 2013.</ref> ==Notes== <references group="note"/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|United Kingdom}} [[Category:Unitit Kinrick| ]] <!-- An article should be at the top of its own category, so please do not remove the space.--> [[Category:Breetish Islands| ]] [[Category:Constitutional monarchies]] [[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Kintras in Europe]] [[Category:Inglis-speakin kintras an territories]] [[Category:G8 naitions]] [[Category:G20 naitions]] [[Category:Island kintras]] [[Category:Leeberal democracies]] [[Category:Member states o NATO]] [[Category:Member states o the Commonweel o Naitions]] [[Category:Member states o the Cooncil o Europe]] [[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]] [[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]] [[Category:Northren European kintras]] [[Category:Wastren European kintras]] kdwg9ih3srwbno5h85mwcxazib52f9u Niels Bohr 0 2128 925677 851845 2026-11-03T12:36:14Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Niels Bohr.jpg|thumb|Niels Bohr]] {{Nobel}} '''Niels Henrik David Bohr''' ([[7 October]], [[1885]] – [[18 November]], [[1962]]) wis a [[Denmark|Dens]] [[pheesicist]] that made essential contreibutions til the unnerstaundin o [[atom]]ic structur an [[quantum mechanics]]. == Bohr's contreibutions ti pheesics == * [[Bohr model|Bohr's model]] o atomic structur. * The electron's orbital angular momentum is quantifee'd; L=nħ. * The theory that [[electron]]s traivels in discrete [[orbit]]s aboot the atom's [[atomic nucleus|kirnel]], wi the chemical properties o the element bein maistlins determined bi the nummer o electrons in the ooter orbits. * The consait that an electron coud drap frae a heicher-energy orbit til a laicher ane, emeetin a [[photon]] (licht [[quantum]]) o discrete energy (this becam the foonds o [[quantum theory]]). * The [[Copenhagen interpretation]] o [[quantum mechanics]]. He gat the Nobel Prize for Pheesics for this wark in 1922. == Fremmit airtins == {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130204204815/http://www.nba.nbi.dk/ Niels Bohr Archive] * [http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1922/ Nobel Fundation: Niels Bohr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040831085614/http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1922/ |date=2004-08-31 }} * [http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/niels_henrik_david_bohr.html Aboot Niels Bohr] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bohr, Niels}} [[Category:Niels Bohr| ]] [[Category:1885 births]] [[Category:1962 daiths]] [[Category:Academics o the Victoria Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Akademisk Boldklub players]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Atoms for Peace Awaird recipients]] [[Category:Correspondin Members o the Roushie Academy o Sciences (1917–1925)]] [[Category:Correspondin Members o the USSR Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Dens atheists]] [[Category:Dens fitbawers]] [[Category:Dens Lutherans]] [[Category:Dens Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Dens nuclear pheesicists]] [[Category:Dens fowk o Jewish strynd]] [[Category:Dens physicists]] [[Category:Faraday Lecturers]] [[Category:Fellaes o the German Academy o Sciences Leopoldina]] [[Category:Foreign Members o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Honorary Members o the USSR Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Gifford Lecturers]] [[Category:Jewish atheists]] [[Category:Manhattan Project fowk]] [[Category:Institute for Advanced Study veesitin scholarts]] [[Category:Members o the Pontifical Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Members o the Proushie Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Fowk frae Copenhagen]] [[Category:Filosofers o science]] [[Category:Quantum pheesicists]] [[Category:Recipients o the Copley Medal]] [[Category:Recipients o the Pour le Mérite (ceevil cless)]] [[Category:Theoretical pheesicists]] [[Category:Varsity o Copenhagen alumni]] [[Category:Grand Crosses o the Order o the Dannebrog]] [[Category:Winners o the Max Planck Medal]] {{Stub/Europe}} {{Stub/Scieence}} 7dxs5ihtpkrpji3j4wtqcpmedi96cc4 Prague 0 5630 925685 879479 2026-11-03T15:08:56Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Prague |settlement_type = Caipital ceety |native_name = ''Praha'' |official_name = ''Hlavní město Praha'' |native_name_lang = cs: |nickname = Ceety o a Hunder Spires,<br />''Praga Mater Urbium'' <br /> <small> (Prague, Mither o Ceeties; [[Laitin]])</small> |motto = {{lang|la|''Praga Caput Rei publicae''}}<br /> <small>(Prague, Heid o the Republic; Laitin)</small> |image_skyline = Prague Montage.jpg |imagesize = 275px |image_caption = Montage o Prague, clockwise frae tap: Panorama o [[Prague Castle]] an [[Charles Brig]], [[Dancing Hoose]], [[Letohrádek Hvězda|Star Villa]], [[Auld Toun Squerr]], [[Wenceslas Squerr]], [[Wallenstein Palace]], Ryal Gairden at Prague Castle, [[St. Vitus Cathedral]] an [[Municipal House]]. |image_flag = Flag of Prague.svg |image_shield = Coat of arms of Prague.svg |image_map = |pushpin_map = Czech Republic |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Czech Republic}} |area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas |publisher=Demographia.com |accessdate=18 November 2013}}</ref> |area_urban_km2 = 496 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_min_m = 177 |elevation_max_m = 399 | population_total = 1324277 | population_as_of = 2020-01-01<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-1-january-2019|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2020-04-30}}</ref> | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 2677964<ref name="eceur">{{cite web|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_pjangrp3&lang=en|title=Population on 1 January by five-year age group, sex and metropolitan regions|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=21 February 2020|archive-date=2020-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314230915/https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=met_pjangrp3&lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> |coordinates = {{coord|50|5|N|14|25|E|region:CZ|display=inline,title}} | leader_party = [[Czech Pirate Pairty|Pirates]] | leader_title = [[Mayor o Prague|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Zdeněk Hřib]] |established_title = Foondit |established_date = c. 885 |area_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:CZ|ISO 3166-2]] |area_code = |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 100 00 – 199 00 |registration_plate = A |blank_name_sec1 = [[Nomenclatur o Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] code |blank_info_sec1 = CZ01 |blank1_name_sec1 = GDP/capita (PPP) |blank1_info_sec1 = €43,950 (EY) (2014)<ref name=RHDP>{{cite web|title=Regional GDP per inhabitant in 2007|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-18022010-AP/EN/1-18022010-AP-EN.PDF|work=Official site|publisher=Eurostat|date=18 February 2010|accessdate=22 April 2010|archive-date=2014-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109234659/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-18022010-AP/EN/1-18022010-AP-EN.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref> |website = [http://www.praha.eu/jnp/en/home/index.html praha.eu] |footnotes = '''Statistics''' [http://www.statnisprava.cz/rstsp/ciselniky.nsf/i/554782 statnisprava.cz] }} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Historic Centre o Prague | Type = Cultural | Criteria = ii, iv, vi | ID = 616 | Region = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Europe|Europe an North Americae]] | Year = 1992 }} '''Prague''' is the caipital an the muckle maist ceity o [[Czechie]]. ==Internaitional relations== ===Twin towns and sister cities=== The ceety haes a friendship agreement an is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:<ref name="Prague twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html#|title=Partnerská města HMP|accessdate=5 August 2013|date=18 July 2013|work=Portál „Zahraniční vztahy“ [Portal "Foreign Affairs"]|language=Czech|trans_title=Prague – Twin Cities HMP|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625205859/http://zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html|archivedate=25 June 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625205859/http://zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html |date=2013-06-25 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Beijing]], Cheenae<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Berlin]], Germany<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Berlin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html|title=Berlin - City Partnerships|accessdate=17 September 2013|work=Der Regierende Bürgermeister Berlin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521054019/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html |archivedate=21 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Berlin">{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|title=Berlin's international city relations|publisher=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=1 July 2009|archive-date=2013-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008161304/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Birmingham]], Unitit Kinrick *{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Bratislava]], Slovakie<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Bratislava twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|title=Partner (Twin) towns of Bratislava|accessdate=5 August 2013|work=Bratislava-City.sk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728183628/http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|archivedate=28 July 2013}}</ref> *{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Brussels]], Belgium<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], Hungary<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|COL}} [[Santiago de Cali]], Colombie<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], Unitit States<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Chicago Sister Cities|url=http://www.chicagosistercities.com/|year=2009|publisher=Chicago Sister Cities International|accessdate=22 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105104454/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/|archive-date=2019-11-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Copenhagen]], Denmark *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt am Main]], Germany<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Frankfurt am Main">{{cite web|url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645|title='Frankfurt -Partner Cities'|publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main|accessdate=17 July 2009|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016002520/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=502645|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Guangzhou]], Cheenae<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburg]], Germany<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> || *{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Helsinki]], Finland<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Jerusalem]], Israel<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kyoto]], Japan<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Kyoto twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html|title=Sister Cities of Kyoto City|accessdate=21 January 2014|publisher=City of Kyoto|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121151906/http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html|archivedate=2014-01-21|url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lecce]], Italy *{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg (ceety)|Luxembourg]], Luxembourg<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami-Dade Coonty, Florida|Miami-Dade Coonty]], Unitit States<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Roushie<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nîmes]], Fraunce *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg]], Germany<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], Fraunce<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Paris1">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16468&portlet_id=14974 |publisher=Mairie de Paris |title=Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération |accessdate=14 October 2007 |archive-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122093109/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], United States<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Phoenix sisters">{{cite web|url=http://www.phoenixsistercities.org|title = Phoenix Sister Cities|accessdate=6 August 2013|publisher=Phoenix Sister Cities|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724085207/http://www.phoenixsistercities.org/|archivedate = 24 July 2013}}</ref> *{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Prešov]], Slovakie *{{flagicon|LAT}} [[Riga]], Latvie || *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roum]], Italy *{{flagicon|NED}} [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rosh HaAyin]], Israel *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Roushie<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Shanghai]], Cheenae<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stockholm]], Swaden *{{flagicon|TWN}} [[Taipei]], Taiwan<ref name="Prague twinnings"/><ref name="Taipei twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm|title=Taipei – International Sister Cities|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Taipei City Council|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102035422/http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm|archivedate=2 November 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102035422/http://web.tcc.gov.tw/eng/sister_cities.htm |date=2012-11-02 }}</ref> *{{flagicon|GEO}} [[Tbilisi]], Georgie<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teramo]], Italy *{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Tirana]], Albanie *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsaw]], Poland<ref name="Prague twinnings"/> |} == Galery == <br><gallery class=center caption="Prague - Praha"> Prag-4010-Altstadt-Karlsbruecke-vom Petřín-Aussichtsturm-2008-gje.jpg Prag-6370-Kleinseiter Brueckenturm-2008-gje.jpg Prag-6430-Kleinseitner Ring-Bogengang-2008-gje.jpg Prag-3200-Strassenbahn 8038-2008-gje.jpg Prag-3270-Veitsdom-Westfassade-Portal-2008-gje.jpg Prag-3350-Veitsdom-Johannes von Nepomuk-Grab-2008-gje.jpg Prag-3500-Toscana-Palast-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4660-Altstaedter Ring vom Rathausturm-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4460-Altstaedter Ring-Rathaus-2008-gje.jpg Prag-7530-Nacht-Teynkirche-2008-gje.jpg </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Caipitals in Europe]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in the Czech Republic]] [[Category:Regions o the Czech Republic]] {{Stub/CzechRepublic}} {{Stub/Ceety}} 4lnktk2za257jybl4lirnwc9tm73cs8 Scots monarchs 0 9159 925698 849756 2026-11-03T18:04:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925698 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a leet o the '''[[Keeng|King]]s an [[Queen]]s o [[Scots fowk|Scots]]''' (Earlier kent as '''King of Scottis''' an '''Queyne of Scottis''' in aulder [[Scots leid]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Records of the Parliaments of Scotland |url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/mss/1424/1 |publisher=[[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes|Varsity o St Andras]] |access-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311232447/http://rps.ac.uk/mss/1424/1 |archive-date=2016-03-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref>). Scots monarchs ur tradationally coonted fi 837/843 but it wisnae until Constantine II/Causantin III became king o Alba that Scots monarchs begin. This leet starts in 843 when Kenneth MacAlpin founded the kingdom o' Scone, an gaes tae whan [[Ingland]] an [[Scotland]] jyned thegither in 1707. For earlier kings, see [[Leest o pechtish keengs|leest o pechtish kings]]. == Hous o Alpin == * [[Kenneth I, Keeng o Scots|Kenneth I]] (c. 843–858) * [[Donald I, Keeng o Scots|Donald I]] (858–862) * [[Constantine I, Keeng o Scots|Constantine I]] (862–877) * [[Aed, Keeng o Scots|Aed]] (877–878) * [[Eochaid, Keeng o Scots|Eochaid]] (878–889) * [[Giric, Keeng o Scots|Giric]] (878–889) * [[Donald II, Keeng o Scots|Donald II]] (889–890) * [[Constantine II, Keeng o Scots|Constantine II]] (900–943) * [[Malcolm I, Keeng o Scots|Malcolm I]] (943–954) * [[Indulf, Keeng o Scots|Indulf]] (954–962) * [[Dub, Keeng o Scots|Dub]] (962–967) * [[Culen, Keeng o Scots|Culen]] (967–971) * [[Amlaíb, Keeng o Scotland|Amlaíb]] (971/976-977) * [[Kenneth II, Keeng o Scots|Kenneth II]] (971–995) * [[Constantine III, Keeng o Scots|Constantine III]] (995–997) * [[Kenneth III, Keeng o Scots|Kenneth III]] (997–1005) * [[Malcolm II o Scotland|Malcolm II]] (1005–1034) == [[Hoose o Dunkeld|Hous o Dunkeld]] == *[[Duncan I o Scotland|Duncan I]] (1034–1040) == Hous o Moray == *[[Macbeth, Keeng o Scots|MacBeth]] (1040–1057) *[[Lulach, Keeng o Scots|Lulach]] (1057–1058) == Hous o Dunkeld == [[File:Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg|thumb|150px|right|[[Airms o the Keeng o Scots|Airms o the King o Scots]]: Or a lion rampant athin a dooble tressure flory conterflory gules]] * [[Malcolm III o Scotland|Malcolm III]] (1058–1093) * [[Donald III o Scotland|Donald III]] (1093–1094) * [[Duncan II o Scotland|Duncan II]] (1094) * [[Donald III o Scotland|Donald III]] (1094–1097) * [[Edmund, Keeng o Scots|Edmund]] (1094–1097) * [[Edgar, Keeng o Scots|Edgar]] (1097–1107) * [[Alexander I, Keeng o Scots|Alexander I]] (1107–1124) * Saunt [[David I, Keeng o Scots|David I]] (1124–1153) * [[Malcolm IV, Keeng o Scots|Malcolm IV]] (1153–1165) * [[William I, Keeng o Scots|William I]] (1165–1214) * [[Alexander II, Keeng o Scots|Alexander II]] (1214–1249) * [[Alexander III, Keeng o Scots|Alexander III]] (1249–1286) * [[Margaret, Queen o Scots|Margaret]] (1286–1290) == First Interregnum 1290–1292 == [[Gairdians o Scotland]] * [[William Fraser (beeshop o St Andras)|William Fraser]], [[Bishop o St Andras]] * [[Donnchadh III, Yerl o Fife|Duncan Macduff]], 8t [[Yerl o Fife]] * [[Alexander Comyn, Yerl o Buchan|Alexander Comyn]], 2t [[Yerl o Buchan|Earl o Buchan]] * [[Robert Wishart]], [[Bishop o Glesca]] * [[James Stewart, 5t Heich Stewart o Scotland]] * [[John II Comyn, Laird o Badenoch|John Comyn]] == [[Hoose o Balliol|Hous o Balliol]] == * [[John Balliol|John]] (1292–1296) == Seicont Interregnum 1296–1306 == [[Gairdians o Scotland]] * [[Andrew Moray]] (1297) * [[William Wallace]] (1297–1298) * [[Robert the Bruce]], [[Yerl o Carrick]] (1298–1300) * [[John III Comyn, Laird o Badenoch|John Comyn III]] (1298–1301) * [[William de Lamberton]], [[Bishop o St Andras]] (1299–1301) * [[Ingram de Umfraville|Sir Ingram de Umfraville]] (1300–1301) * [[John de Soules]] (1301–1304) * [[John Comyn]] (1302–1304) == [[Clan Bruce|Hous o Bruce]] == * [[Robert I, Keeng o Scots|Robert I the Bruce]] (1306-1329) * [[David II, Keeng o Scots|David II]] (1329–1371) == Hous o Balliol == * [[Edward Balliol]] (1329–1363), King atween three saissons fi 1332 ti 1336. == [[Hoose o Stuart|Hous o Stewart (Stuart)]] == * [[Robert II, Keeng o Scots|Robert II]] (1371–1390) * [[Robert III, Keeng o Scots|Robert III]] (1390–1406) * [[James I, Keeng o Scots|James I]] (1406–1437) * [[James II, Keeng o Scots|James II]] (1437–1460) * [[James III, Keeng o Scots|James III]] (1460–1488) * [[James IV, Keeng o Scots|James IV]] (1488–1513) * [[James V, Keeng o Scots|James V]] (1513–1542) * [[Mary, Queen o Scots|Mary I]] (1542–1587) * [[James VI, Keeng o Scots|James VI]] (1587–1625), [[Union o the Crouns]] wi the [[Kinrick o Ingland]] frae (1603) * [[Charles I, Keeng o Scots|Charles I]] (1625–1649) * [[Charles II, Keeng o Scots|Charles II]] (1649–1685) (See forby [[Inglis Interregnum]]) * [[James VII, Keeng o Scots|James VII]] (1685–1689) * [[Mary II, Queen o Scots|Mary II]] (1689–1694), co-monarch * [[William II, Keeng o Scots|William II]] (1689–1702), co-monarch till 1694 * [[Anne o Great Breetain|Anne]] (1702–1714), tho the Scots throne wis replaced wi that o the [[Kinrick o Great Breetain]] in 1707 In 1707, Ingland an Scotland jyned thegither. For Kings an Queens efter 1707, see [[Breetish monarchs]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Monarchs of Scotland}}{{Stub/Ryal}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leet o Scottish Monarchs}} [[Category:Scots monarchs| ]] [[Category:Alba]] [[Category:Caledonia]] [[Category:Scotland]] s36ir4x9cngpi3nuk38t2omekajokr3 Tirschenreuth 0 9192 925705 902269 2026-11-03T21:04:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925705 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;" ! [[Coat o Airms]] ! [[Cairt]] |- style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;" | align="center" | <small>[[File:DEU Tirschenreuth COA.svg|Coat of Airms missed]]</small> ! align="center" | [[File:Lage des Landkreises Tirschenreuth in Deutschland.png|140px|Airt o Tirschenreuth in Germany]] |- ! colspan="2" | Basic Information |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Germany#federal kintras|Federal Kintra]]: || [[Bavarie]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Coonty]]: || [[Coonty Tirschenreuth]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Area]]: || 66.54 km<sup>2</sup> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Indwallers]]: || 9,188 ''<small>(31t Dizember 2008)</small>'' |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Indwallers density]]: || 138 indwallers / km<sup>2</sup> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Bouk]]: || 504 m ü. NN |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Postal code]]: || 95643 |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Telephone codes]]en: || 09631 |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Geographic coordinates]]: || 49° 53' n. Br.<br />20° 12' ö. L. |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Vehicle registration plate]]: || TIR |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[mayor]]: || Franz Stahl |- style="background: #ffffff;" | adress o <br />administration: || Maximilianplatz 35<br />95643 Tirschenreuth |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Wabsteid: || [https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213118/http://www.stadt-tirschenreuth.de/ .stadt-tirschenreuth.de] |} '''Tirschenreuth''' (in [[Bavarian leid|Bavarian]], cryed ''Tirschenreith'') is a toun in the destric o Tirschenreuth in the laund o [[Bavarie]] in [[Germany]]. As o [[2008]] it haes 9,188 indwallers, an lies upo an area o 66,54&nbsp;km². The first time the clachan wis mentioned wis 1134. [[File:Marktplatz TIR.jpeg|thumb|left|''Marktplatz'' (mercat squerr) o Tirschenreuth]] == Fremmit airtins == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213118/http://www.stadt-tirschenreuth.de/ Offeecial wabsteid (German)] {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Touns in Bavarie]] {{Stub/Germany}} n6ty6flqj8njwfiw7l4dw8ixboppbmq Newfoondland Erse 0 12103 925675 860887 2026-11-03T12:28:56Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Newfoundland Erse''' ([[Erse leid|Erse]]:''Gaeilge Thalamh an Éisc'') is an extinct dialect o the [[Erse leid]] specific tae the island o [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], [[Canadae]]. It wis verra seimlar tae [[Munster Erse]], as spoken in the sootheast o [[Ireland]], due tae muckle immigration frae the coonties [[Coonty Waterford|Waterford]], [[Coonty Wexford|Wexford]], [[Coonty Kilkenny|Kilkenny]], [[Coonty Tipperary|Tipperary]], an [[Coonty Cork|Cork]]. ==Erse settlement o Newfoundland== Seiven [[Ingland|Inglis]] colonies wur established bi royal charter in Newfoundland atween 1610 an 1628, an [[Lunnon]]-based mercantile companies uised [[Celtic leids|Celtic]]-speakin peasants tae settle ilka ane. The colonists wur primarily [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] peasants but there wur forby mony Erse paisants wha uisually spak the [[Erse leid|Erse]]. The leid wis fur common spoken in rural auries till the mid-20t century. There is evidence tae suggest that as mony as 90% o the Erse immigrants tae Newfoundland in the 17t an 18t centuries ae spak Irish. Court records shaws that defenders aften required Erse-speakin interpreters, whilk indicates that the dominant leid in mony auries o the [[Avalon Peninsula]] wis Erse rather than [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]<ref name="mcginn">[http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=ids&folder=158&paper=159 Newfoundland: The Most Irish Place Outside of Ireland], Brian McGinn, the Irish Diaspora Studies scholarly network</ref>. Ecclesiastical documents bowsters this case; for example, in the mid-1760s a [[Methodist]] missionary named Reverend Laurence Coughlan convertit virtually the hail North Shore tae [[Methodism]]. Observers creeditit the thrift o his evangelical upcocklin at [[Carbonear]] an [[Harbour Grace]] tae the fact that he wis fluent bilingual in Inglis an Erse. The [[Roman Catholic]] bishops forby realised the importance o Erse-speakin priests - in letters tae [[Dublin]], Bishop [[James Louis O'Donel]] requeestit a [[Franciscan]] missionary for the parishes o [[St. Mary's, Newfoundland an Labrador|St. Mary's]] an [[Trepassey, Newfoundland an Labrador|Trepassey]], indicatin that it wis absolute necessar that he shoud speak Erse<ref name="mcginn" />. ==Current status== A 2001 census report myntit that ten fowk in Newfoundland haed a [[Gaelic leid]] as their mither tongue{{PDFlink|[http://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/Statistics/Census2001/PDF/2001MotherTongue_NL_CMA_WEB.PDF]|8.25&nbsp;KB}}. However, the report does no specify whilk leids is includit in this figure. Scholars at [[Memorial University o Newfoundland]] concludit that Newfoundland Erse became extinct durin the 20t century<ref>[http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/language.html Language: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417124822/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/language.html |date=2015-04-17 }}, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web site</ref>. ==See also== *[[Erse Newfoundlanders]] *[[Scots Gaelic in Canadae]] *[[Newfoundland Inglis]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=ids&folder=158&paper=159 Newfoundland: The Most Irish Place Outside of Ireland] *[http://www.heritage.nf.ca/dictionary/ Dictionary of Newfoundland English Online] *{{PDFlink|[http://www.stats.gov.nl.ca/Statistics/Census2001/PDF/LAN_2001_Mother_Tongue_NL_CMA_WEB.PDF Statistics Canada 2001 Census Information]|8.25&nbsp;KB}} {{Irish linguistics}} [[Category:Erse leid]] [[Category:Erse dialects]] [[Category:Leids o Canadae]] [[Category:Canadian Gaelic]] [[Category:Endangered Indo-European leids]] [[Category:Extinct leids o North Americae]] pe4st36mpdz9hp571nryucwbfei7dxc Province o Viterbo 0 34091 925687 853135 2026-11-03T15:19:23Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox province <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Province o Viterbo | native_name = | native_name_lang = it<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "it" for Italian --> | settlement_type = [[Provinces o Italy|Province]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_map = Map Province of Viterbo.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Map heichlichtin the location o the province o Viterbo in Italy | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Kintra | subdivision_name = {{flag|Italy}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = [[Lazio]] | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = Caipital(s) | seat = [[Viterbo]] | parts_type = [[Comune|Comuni]] | parts_style = para | p1 = 60 | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Preses | leader_name = Marcello Meroi | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 3612 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 321008 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 01100, 010xx | area_code_type = Telephone prefix | area_code = 0761, 0763, 0766, 06 | iso_code = | registration_plate = [[Italian caur number plates|VT]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] | blank_info_sec1 = 056 | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} The '''Province o Viterbo''' ({{lang-it|Provincia di Viterbo}}) is a [[Provinces o Italy|province]] in the [[Lazio]] region o [[Italy]]. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Viterbo]]. It is bordered tae the north bi the [[Province o Grosseto]] an [[Province o Siena|Siena]], by the north-east wi the [[Province o Terni]] an [[Province o Rieti|Rieti]], in the wast bi the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] an sooth bi the [[Province o Roum]]. This province is aften unoffeecially (but commonly) cried "Tuscia", frae the name of the lairger roman region o [[Etrurie]]. It haes an aurie o 3,612 km², an a total population o 299,830 (2005). There are 60 ''[[comuni]]'' (singular: ''[[comune]]'') in the province, see [[Comuni o the Province o Viterbo]]. At 31 Mey 2005, the main ''comuni'' bi population are: {| class="wikitable sortable" !''Comune'' !Population |- |[[Viterbo]] | align="right" |60,537 |- |[[Civita Castellana]] | align="right" |16,072 |- |[[Tarquinia]] | align="right" |15,910 |- |[[Montefiascone]] | align="right" |13,102 |- |[[Vetralla]] | align="right" |12,459 |- |[[Nepi]] | align="right" |8,438 |- |[[Soriano nel Cimino]] | align="right" |8,420 |- |[[Orte]] | align="right" |8,237 |- |[[Ronciglione]] | align="right" |8,177 |- |[[Montalto di Castro]] | align="right" |8,061 |- |[[Tuscania]] | align="right" |7,857 |- |[[Fabrica di Roma]] | align="right" |7,218 |- |[[Capranica, Lazio|Capranica]] | align="right" |5,871 |- |[[Acquapendente]] | align="right" |5,771 |- |[[Sutri]] | align="right" |5,638 |- |[[Caprarola]] | align="right" |5,388 |- |[[Canino]] | align="right" |5,106 |- |[[Vignanello]] | align="right" |4,699 |- |[[Bassano Romano]] | align="right" |4,465 |- |[[Bolsena]] | align="right" |4,161 |- |} == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Viterbo Papi.jpg|[[Viterbo]], the Palace o the Papes. Image:Vista di Civita Castellana.jpg|Panorama o the waws o [[Civita Castellana]]. Image:Tarquinia Tomb of the Leopards.jpg|[[Tarquinia]], waw paintin in the [[Tomb o the Leopards]] Image:Vetralla 001.JPG|[[Vetralla]]. Image:Tuscania 01.JPG|[[Tuscania]]. </gallery> ==Freemit airtins== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071230161906/http://www.provincia.vt.it/ Ofeecial website] * [http://www.viterbolive.it/ ViterboLive.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121025855/http://www.viterbolive.it/ |date=2009-01-21 }} * [http://www.culturediscovery.com Culture Discovery Vacations] A steid that is focused on Soriano, which is in the Viterbo province, but is full o maps, day trips, festival information, etc. for touns throughoot Viterbo. * [http://www.infoviterbo.it/ Tourist promotion Viterbo] * [http://www.tuscia360.it Tuscia 360, VR panoramas o the Viterbo province, events, hotels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809083327/http://tuscia360.it/ |date=2018-08-09 }} {{Lazio}} {{Province o Viterbo|nocat=yes}} {{coord missing|Italy}} [[Category:Province o Viterbo| ]] bmt3lak8rnsd6sphmpp1l90g5in1yxn Province o Burgos 0 38593 925686 850504 2026-11-03T15:14:09Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Province Spain | name = Burgos | official_name = Burgos Province | native_name = | image_skyline = Diputación-Burgos.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Provincial Palace (s. XIX) in Burgos, seat o the Diputación de Burgos, the province govrenin bouk | image_flag = Flag Burgos Province.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Burgos Province.svg | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Burgos in Spain.svg | coordinates = | autonomous_community = [[Castille an León]] | capital = [[Burgos]] | government_type = Diputación Provincial de Burgos | president = César Rico Ruiz | president_party = PP | area_total_km2 = 14,292 | area_rank = 11 | area_percent = 2,78 | elevation_m = | language = [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] | population_total = 375,657 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = 36 | population_demonym = {{lang-es|burgalés/a}}<br>{{lang-en|burgalese}} | population_percent = 0,80 | website = http://www.burgos.es/|burgos.es }} The '''province o Burgos''' is a [[Provinces o Spain|province]] o northren [[Spain]], in the northeastren pairt o the [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|autonomous commonty]] o [[Castile an León]]. It is bordered bi the provinces o [[Province o Palencia|Palencia]], [[Cantabrie]], [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], [[Álava]], [[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]], [[Province o Soria|Soria]], [[Province o Segovia|Segovia]], an [[Province o Valladolid|Valladolid]]. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Burgos]]. Syne 1964, [[aircheologists]] hae been wirkin at numerous aures o the [[Atapuerca Muntains|Aircheological Steid o Atapuerca]], whare thay hae foond auncient [[hominid]] an [[human]] remains, the umwhile datin tae mair nor ane million years ago, wi [[Airtifact (airchaeologie)|airtifacts]] frae the [[Paleolithic]] an [[Bronze Age]]s o man. The steid haes been designatit a [[UNESCO]] [[Warld Heritage Steid]]. <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:EscProvBurgos.jpg|100px|left|frame|Burgos Coat of Arms]] --> ==Geografie== The province haes an aurie o 14,300&nbsp;km² an a population o 352,273 (2002), o whom nearly hauf live in the caipital. The anerlie lairge touns apairt frae Burgos are [[Miranda de Ebro]] an [[Aranda de Duero]]. Mony o the province's 371 municipalities hae fewer than 100 indwallers. The [[Sierra de la Demanda]], the northwastmaist end o the [[Sistema Ibérico]], is locatit in Burgos Province.<ref>[http://www.montesdeasturias.com/techos_es/smillan.htm Sierra de la Demanda, Burgos, Sistema Ibérico]</ref> [[Image:Burgos - Mapa municipal.svg|left|thumb|Leet o municipalities in the province o Burgos.]] The maist important rivers in the province are the [[Ebro]] an the [[Duero]]. The river [[Duero]] is in the sooth o the province an leads tae the [[Atlantic Ocean]] at [[Porto]], [[Portugal]]. Plantit near it is a notable [[vinyaird]], ''Ribera de Duero''. The north an sooth-east o the province are muntainous. The Ebro flows tae the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. ==History== In the [[Bureba Pass]] aurie, aircheologists hae foond evidence o occupation bi hominids an humans for mair nor ane million years. Discoveries hae includit the earliest hominid skull in Europe. The [[Celtiberians|Celtiberian]] region that became Burgos wis inhabitit bi the [[Morgobos]], [[Turmodigos]], [[Berones]] an aiblins the [[Pelendones]] an aw, the last indwallers o the northren pairt o the Celtiberian region. Accordin tae the [[Greeks|Greek]] [[historian]] [[Ptolemy]], the principal ceeties includit: [[Brabum]], [[Sisara]], [[Deobrigula]], [[Ambisna Segiasamon]] an [[Verovesca]] (briviesca). Unner [[Auncient Roum|Roman]] colonization, it wis pairt o [[Hispania Citerior]] ("Hither Spain") then [[Hispania Tarraconensis]]. In the fift century, the [[Visigoths]] drove back the [[Suevi]]. In the aicht century, the Arabs occupee'd aw o [[Castile (historical region)|Castile]]s, awtho for sic a brief period that thay left nae trace o thair occupation. [[Alfonso III o Leon|Alfonso III the Great]], [[kinrick o León|keeng o León]] reconquered the aurie aroond the middle o the nint century, an biggit mony castles for the defence o Christendom. Gradually the aurie wis reconquered. The region came tae be kent as Castile (Laitin ''castella''), i.e. "land o castles". In the eleivent century, Burgos became the caipital o the [[Kinrick o Castile]]. == Comarcas == [[Image:Mapa Comarcas de Burgos.PNG|right|thumb|250px|Comarcas o the province o Burgos. {| |valign="top"| {{Legend|#808000|[[Páramos (comarca)|Valle del Rudrón]]}} {{Legend|#00AA00|[[Alfoz de Burgos]]}} {{Legend|#FF0000|[[Odra-Pisuerga]]}} {{Legend|#892CA0|[[Arlanza (shire)|Arlanza]]}} {{Legend|#008080|[[Ribera del Duero (shire)|Ribera del Duero]]}} |valign="top"| {{Legend|#0000AA|[[Merindades]]}} {{Legend|#AA0000|[[Ebro (shire)|Ebro]]}} {{Legend|#CCFF00|[[La Bureba]]}} {{Legend|#D4AA00|[[Montes de Oca (shire)|Montes de Oca]]}} {{Legend|#D40055|[[Sierra de la Demanda (shire)|Sierra de la Demanda]]}} |} ]] The province o Burgos is dividit in 10 [[Comarcas o Spain|comarcas]]. * [[Merindades]] * [[Páramos (comarca)|Valle del Rudrón]] * [[Ebro (shire)|Ebro]] * [[La Bureba]] * [[Montes de Oca (shire)|Montes de Oca]] * [[Alfoz de Burgos]] * [[Sierra de la Demanda (shire)|Sierra de la Demanda]] * [[Odra-Pisuerga|Odra y Pisuerga]] * [[Arlanza (shire)|Arlanza]] * [[Ribera del Duero (shire)|Ribera del Duero]] ==See an aw== *[[Leet o municipalities in Burgos]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} == Freemit airtins == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110224050907/http://www.jcyl.es/ wabsteid o the Autonomous Commonty o Castile an León] * [http://www.burgos.es/ wabsteid o the Province o Burgos delegation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106101243/http://escudosybanderas.burgos.es/diputacion-provincial |date=2015-01-06 }} {{Wikisource1911Enc|Burgos (province)}} {{Municipalities in Burgos}} {{Provinces o Spain}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burgos, Province o}} [[Category:Province o Burgos| ]] r7rrj0kixlbb36vf2hpv9hzoo78t3uz Povarovo, Moscow Oblast 0 43052 925684 367276 2026-11-03T15:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other places3|Povarovo}} '''Povarovo''' ({{lang-rus|Поварово}}) is an [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|urban locality]] (a [[urban-teep dounset|suburban (dacha) dounset]]) in [[Solnechnogorsky Destrict]] o [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Roushie]], locatit {{convert|30|km|sp=us}} frae the [[federal ceeties o Roushie|federal ceety]] o [[Moscow]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=7,985|p2002=7,602|p1989=9,066}} Its nearest railwey station is [[Povarovo-1]] on the Moscow–St.&nbsp;Petersburg line. The [[UVB-76]] radio transmitter is thocht tae be locatit near Povarovo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/09/ff_uvb76/all/1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224095126/http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/09/ff_uvb76/all/1 |archive-date=2013-02-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Moscow Oblast]] 8z0vhxprk41jubhifszyi8gloa9tzrc Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) 0 67346 925708 923033 2026-11-04T00:39:19Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Live-action film */ replaced archive today 925708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[romantic fantasie]] [[Drama (film an television)|drama]] film produced bi [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Featur Animation]] an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t [[Leet of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]] an the third released durin the [[Disney Renaissance]] period, it is based on the French [[Beauty and the Beast|fairy tale o the same name]] bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref name="Cartoon">{{cite news |url=http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |title="Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million |first=Ethan |last=Clevland |newspaper=Big Cartoon News |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202003149/http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=2017-09-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170910105349/https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] a3xc2hjlmo2snbw8zn4eiky4v5ehasr 925709 925708 2026-11-04T00:44:26Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Live-action film */ replaced archive today 925709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] [[Muisical film|muisical]] [[romantic fantasie]] [[Drama (film an television)|drama]] film produced bi [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Featur Animation]] an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t [[Leet of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]] an the third released durin the [[Disney Renaissance]] period, it is based on the French [[Beauty and the Beast|fairy tale o the same name]] bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref name="Cartoon">{{cite news |url=http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |title="Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million |first=Ethan |last=Clevland |newspaper=Big Cartoon News |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202003149/http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] kb08magdxkn56txvzspq8gqbtj318qp 925710 925709 2026-11-04T00:46:56Z Atlantic306 30244 removed some red links 925710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] muisical romantic fantasie drama film produced bi Walt Disney Featur Animation an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t [[Leet of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|Disney animatit featur film]] an the third released durin the [[Disney Renaissance]] period, it is based on the French [[Beauty and the Beast|fairy tale o the same name]] bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref name="Cartoon">{{cite news |url=http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |title="Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million |first=Ethan |last=Clevland |newspaper=Big Cartoon News |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202003149/http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] 8zymvphleq5vh0oreqqnoowabuisw3k 925711 925710 2026-11-04T00:48:52Z Atlantic306 30244 removed some red links 925711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] muisical romantic fantasie drama film produced bi Walt Disney Featur Animation an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t Disney animatit featur film an the third released durin the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale o the same name bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref name="Cartoon">{{cite news |url=http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |title="Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million |first=Ethan |last=Clevland |newspaper=Big Cartoon News |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=January 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202003149/http://blog.bcdb.com/beauty-beast-return-18-5-million-875-2699/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] ankl6eeb418ugrepdb4xas9scenqusd 925713 925711 2026-11-04T01:05:32Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Box office */ removed archive today 925713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] muisical romantic fantasie drama film produced bi Walt Disney Featur Animation an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t Disney animatit featur film an the third released durin the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale o the same name bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=2014-06-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140605035738/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action%23XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] qwz5z4h1wshdo4l7trz71veye6unv4c 925714 925713 2026-11-04T01:12:41Z Atlantic306 30244 /* Live-action film */ replced archive today 925714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | alt = | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] muisical romantic fantasie drama film produced bi Walt Disney Featur Animation an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t Disney animatit featur film an the third released durin the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale o the same name bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204007/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] hwehuwg2t6idqeas30rq0z9db37ucbd Wikipedia:Featurt airticles 4 67908 925692 901789 2026-11-03T16:17:58Z CiphriusKane 74958 Findhorn isna a FA ony mair 925692 wikitext text/x-wiki Featurt airticles are considert tae be the heichest quality airticles on Wikipaedia. Thay ar waled frae a selection o airticles that hae the guid airticle status. The airticles that currently hae Guid Airticle status ar: * [[Ben Lomond]]* * [[George Square]]* * [[The GFT]]* * [[The Reid Road]]* * [[Up Helly Aa]]* * [[Ian Rankin]]* * [[Val McDermid]]* <nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates the airticle haes been waled as a featurt airticle ==Leet o Featurt Airticles== [[/Airchive 1]] (Februar 2014-September 2020)<br> [[/Airchive 2]] (October 2020-) ==Nomination o airticles for Guid Airticle status== Gin there is an airticle ye believe shid be gien Guid Airticle status, pit it ablo fur discussion. Some guidelines, taen fae enwiki til we kin sort oot oor ain: :1 '''Weel wrate''' - the airticle is clear in its prose, haes guid spellin an grammar an keeps tae the same byleid throuoot the piece :2 '''Verifiable''' - facts ar backed up wi verifiable an reliable soorces. Inline citations ar uised. It haes nae oreeginal resairch, nae copyrichtit material an nae plagiarism :3 '''Braid coverage''' - the airticle addresses the main aspects o the topic an stays focused on the topic wioot gaun intae unnecessary details :4 '''Neutral''' - the airticle represents aa viewpynts fair an wioot bias, an gies due wecht tae ilk :5 '''Stable''' - it disnae change rapidly fae day til day due tae edit warrin or content disputes :6 '''Illustratit bi media''', gin possible - media is relevant tae the topic an captiont appropriately an aa media is taggit wi the appropriate copyricht tag an rationale gin uisin nonfree media ''Nane fur the noo'' [[Category:Wikipaedia editorial validation|Featurt airticles]] [[Category:Wikipaedia featurt content|Featurt airticles]] 6kmpydxlw1yxhdkp6sdeuk1y0vurgcn Pasaia 0 69200 925680 831863 2026-11-03T14:20:16Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Pasai Donibane, Euskal Herria.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Harbour o Pasaia, wi [[Aiako Harria]] in the backgrund]] '''Pasaia''' ('''Pasajes''' in Spaingie) is a toun an [[municipality]] locatit in the province o [[Gipuzkoa]] in the [[Basque Kintra (autonomous commonty)|Basque Autonomous Commonty]] o northren [[Spain]]. It is a fishin commonty, commercial port an the birthplace o the fechtin admiral [[Blas de Lezo]]. Pasaia is approximately 5&nbsp;km east o [[Donostia]]'s centre, leein at the feet o [[Munt Ulia]] an the [[Jaizkibel]] massif. The [[municipality]] nummers 16,056 indwallers (2008 estimates), clusterin aroond the Bay o Pasaia in fower nuclei, namely Pasai San Pedro, Pasai San Juan (or Donibane in [[Basque leid|Basque]]), Antxo an Trintxerpe, wi each pairt showin distinctive featurs.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pasaia.net/es/html/1/13.shtml | title = Habitantes y geografía de Pasaia | publisher = Council of Pasaia | accessdate = 2009-04-14 | archive-date = 2009-03-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090319073002/http://pasaia.net/es/html/1/13.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==History== Pasaia is mentioned in documentar records for the first time in 1203 as Oiarso. The name o the veelage wis later chyngit tae "Pasage", which means 'port' in [[Gascon leid|Gascon]]. The [[Gascony|Gascons]] haed come tae inhabit the aurie side bi side wi the Basque fowk at the beginnin o the 13t century.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://atzoatzokoa.gipuzkoakultura.net/c78f6/ | title = LOS GASCONES EN GUIPÚZCOA | publisher = IMPRENTA DE LA DIPUTACION DE GUIPUZCOA | accessdate = 2009-04-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723134630/http://atzoatzokoa.gipuzkoakultura.net/c78f6/ | archive-date = 2011-07-23 | url-status = dead}} Article in Spanish</ref> The current name is first attestit in the 15t century, when it wis cried the abuin "Pasage". In 1770 the destrict o Donibane receivit municipal richts frae [[Charles IV o Spain]]. Historically the aurie wis controlled bi twa competin baronies, that o Hondarribia, who controlled the Donibane destrict, an Donostia, who controlled the San Pedro destrict. Donibane wis detached frae the Hondarribia barony in 1770, while San Pedro wis separatit frae the Donostia barony in 1805. The Antxo destrict wis formit in 1890, when the Irun-Madrid railwey came throu. Trintxerpe, next tae San Pedro, wis the last destrict tae be formit. Trintxerpe an Antxo actually form a conteenous urban strip wi the eastren destricts o the ceety o Donostia. ==References== <!--<nowiki> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below. </nowiki>--> {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} *''This airticle is based in pairt on material frae the [[:es:Pasajes|Spaingie Wikipaedia]]''. {{Refend}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.gipuzkoa.net/pasaia Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208010037/http://www.gipuzkoa.net/pasaia/ |date=2006-12-08 }} Information available in [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] an [[Basque leid|Basque]]. * [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&op=7&voz=PASAIA PASAIA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Information available in [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]] {{Municipalities in Gipuzkoa}} {{coord|43|19|31|N|1|55|16|W|display=title|region:ES-PV_type:city(16078)_source:dewiki}} [[Category:Port ceeties an touns on the Spaingie Atlantic coast]] [[Category:Municipalities in Gipuzkoa]] [[Category:Populatit places in Gipuzkoa]] dwzeeshzsc2jgmcgs0ghhn1abyqxzjl Szczecin 0 70704 925703 881786 2026-11-03T20:10:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925703 wikitext text/x-wiki :''For ither meanins, see [[Szczecin (disambiguation)]] an [[Stettin (disambiguation)]].'' {{Infobox settlement|name= Szczecin |motto= "Szczecin jest otwarty" <br/>(''"Szczecin is open"'') |image_skyline= Collage of Szczecin.png |imagesize= 250px |image_caption= ''Top:'' Jagiellońska Street, Hey Market and [[:en:Old City Town Hall, Szczecin|auld toun haw]]<br>''Middle:'' The [[Oder River|Oder]], [[:en:National Museum, Szczecin|Sea Museum]] an Voivodeship Office<br>''Bottom:'' [[:en:Cathedral Basilica of St. James the Apostle, Szczecin|St James' Cathedral]], Virgin Tower, [[pazim|PAZIM]] biggin |image_flag= POL Szczecin flag.svg |image_shield= POL Szczecin COA.svg |pushpin_map= Poland |pushpin_label_position= bottom |subdivision_type= Kintra |subdivision_name= {{POL}} |subdivision_type1= [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]] |subdivision_name1= [[Wast Pomeranie Voivodeship|Wast Pomeranie]] |subdivision_type2= [[Powiat|Coonty]] |subdivision_name2= ''ceety coonty'' |leader_title= Mayor |leader_name= Piotr Krzystek |established_title= Established |established_date= 8t century |established_title3= Toun richts |established_date3= 1243 |area_total_km2= 301 |population_as_of= 2012 |population_total= 409 211 |population_density_km2= auto |population_metro= 777000 |timezone= [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset= +1 |timezone_DST= [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST= +2 |coordinates = {{coord|53|25|N|14|35|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type= Postal code |postal_code= PL-70-017<br/>to 71-871 |area_code= +48 91 |website= http://www.szczecin.pl |blank_name= [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Car plates]] |blank_info= ZS}} '''Szczecin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|tʃ|ɛ|tʃ|ɪ|n}}; {{IPA-pl|ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin|-|Pl-Szczecin-2.ogg}}; {{lang-de|Stettin}} {{IPA-de|ʃtɛˈtiːn||De-Stettin.oga}}), is the [[caipital ceety]] o the [[Wast Pomeranie Voivodeship]] in [[Poland]]. In the vicinity o the [[Easter Seas]], it is the kintra's seivent-lairgest ceety an a major [[port|seaport]] in Poland. As o Juin 2011 the population wis 407,811.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/poland/3083829/szczecin |title=Population of Szczecin, Poland |publisher=Population.mongabay.com |date=2012-01-18 |accessdate=2013-03-12 |archive-date=2013-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708145118/http://population.mongabay.com/population/poland/3083829/szczecin |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Internaitional relations== {{See an aw|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Poland}} ===Twin touns — Sister ceeties=== The [[Twin touns an sister ceeties]] o Szczecin are:<ref name="Szczecin twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/UMSzczecinBIP/chapter_11296.asp|title=Kontakty partnerskie Miasta Szczecin|accessdate=2013-07-29|work=Urząd Miasta Szczecin|language=Polish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818001351/http://bip.um.szczecin.pl/umszczecinbip/chapter_11296.asp|archivedate=2012-08-18|url-status=live}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bari]], Italy<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bremerhaven]], Germany<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Dalian]], Cheenae<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Dnipro]], Ukraine<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Esbjerg]], Denmark<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/><ref>esbjergkommune.dk accessed Feb-2008</ref> || *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg|Berlin Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]], Germany<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Greifswald]], Germany<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/><ref>[http://www.greifswald.de/pressemitteilungen/mitteilung-lesen/article/greifswald-und-stettin-besiegeln-staedtepartnerschaft.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1&cHash=919a53e46a Greifswald.de]{{de icon}}</ref> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Jinan]], Cheenae<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Kingston upon Hull]], Unitit Kinrick<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/><ref name="Kingston twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.city-visitor.com/hull/information.html|title=Guide to Hull Humberside and general Hull information|publisher=city-visitor.com|accessdate=2009-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516073730/http://www.city-visitor.com/hull/information.html|archive-date=2009-05-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Klaipėda]], Lithuanie<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> || *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Lübeck]], Germany<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Malmö]], Swaden<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/><ref name="Malmö twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.malmo.se/Kommun--politik/Sa-arbetar-vi-med.../Omvarld/Internationellt-arbete/Vanorter.html|title=Vänorter|publisher=Malmö stad|language=Swadish|accessdate=6 November 2013|archive-date=2016-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223130358/http://malmo.se/Kommun--politik/Sa-arbetar-vi-med.../Omvarld/Internationellt-arbete/Vanorter.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Murmansk]], Roushie<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Rostock]], Germany<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], Unitit States<ref name="Szczecin twinnings"/><ref name="St. Louis twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.slcir.org/sistercities.asp|title=St. Louis Sister Cities|publisher=St. Louis Center for International Relations|accessdate=2008-05-19|archive-date=2008-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513131505/http://www.slcir.org/sistercities.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ==References== ===Notes=== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons|Szczecin}} *[http://www.szczecin.eu/ Szczecin Ceety Offeecial wabsteid (in Pols, some material available in Inglis, German)] [[Category:Szczecin| ]]<!--leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Port ceeties an touns in Poland]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Easter Seas]] [[Category:Ceety coonties o Poland]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Wast Pomeranie Voivodeship]] [[Category:Members o the Hanseatic League]] cgyuhwwvniesppu38xmo84v8dzt7w1r Wikipedia:Featurt airticle review 4 71363 925695 925576 2026-11-03T16:21:23Z CiphriusKane 74958 925695 wikitext text/x-wiki This page is fer requestin featurt airticles tae be reviewed tae determin whether thay should remain [[Wikipedia:Featurt airticles|featurt airticles]]. ==Add requests ablo this line== * [[Findhorn]] - gien aa the unreferenced content, iss prolly shidna be a featurt airticle, especial gien foo a jis teuk oot a passage aat wisna encyclopaedic avaa [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:24, 17 October 2026 (UTC) *:I saicont this [[Uiser:PurpleDinosaur585|PurpleDinosaur585]] ([[Uiser collogue:PurpleDinosaur585|tauk]]) 11:40, 1 November 2026 (UTC) '''Delistit''' - nae opponin vices sae remuivin the FA status [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:21, 3 November 2026 (UTC) [[Category:Wikipaedia featurt content]] g1d2j4b8yuksw5z3aumzn8mc2y4tgkl Volkswagen 0 77818 925707 809326 2026-11-03T23:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|Volkswagen Passenger Caurs|the parent group|Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen vans, larries an buses|Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles}} {{Infobox company |name = Volkswagen | logo = Volkswagen_logo_2019.svg | logo_size = 183px |type = [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung]] |foundation = 28 Mey 1937 |founder(s) = [[German Labour Front]] |location = [[Wolfsburg]], Germany |area_served = Warldwide |Slogan = "Das Auto" |key_people = Herbert Diess ([[Chairman]] o the Buird o Management o the Volkswagen Passenger Cars buist) |industry = [[Automotive]] |products = Automobiles<br>[[Luxury caur|Luxury vehicles]] | production = {{increase}}6.073 million units | production_year = 2016 annual report | revenue = {{decrease}}[[Euro|€]]105.651 billion | revenue_year = 2016 annual report | net_income = {{decrease}}€1.869 billion | net_income_year = 2016 annual report | num_employees = 626,715 | num_employees_year = end of 2016 |homepage = {{URL|http://www.volkswagen.com}} |intl = yes |parent = [[Volkswagen Group]] }} '''Volkswagen''' ('''VW'''; {{IPA-de|ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡən}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|oʊ|k|s|.|w|æ|ɡ|.|ən}}) is a [[Germany|German]] automobile manufacturer heidquartered in [[Wolfsburg]], [[Lawer Saxony]], [[Germany]]. Volkswagen is the top-sellin an oreeginal [[marque]] o the [[Volkswagen Group]], the biggest German automaker an the seicont lairgest automaker in the warld. Volkswagen haes three cars in the top 10 leet o best-sellin caurs o aw time compiled bi the wabsteid ''24/7 Wall St'': the [[Volkswagen Golf]], the [[Volkswagen Beetle]], an the [[Volkswagen Passat]]. Wi these three caurs, Volkswagen haes the maist caurs o ony automobile manufacturer in the leet that are still bein manufactured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2012/02/top-10-best-selling-cars-of-all-time.html |title=Top 10 Best Selling Cars of All Time|publisher=Autoguide.com|accessdate=2013-12-02 }}</ref> Volkswagen ranks first in spendin the maist money o ony automaker on research an development as o 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/08/15/vw-ranks-1-in-randd-spending/ |title=VW ranks #1 in R&D spending|publisher=Autoblog.comaccessdate=2013-12-02 }}</ref> ''Volkswagen'' means "fowk's caur" in [[German leid|German]]. The company's current internaitional [[advertisin slogan]] is juist "Volkswagen", referencin the name's meanin.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://qz.com/580701/volkswagens-new-slogan-is-a-lesson-in-humility/ | title='Das Auto' No More – Volkswagen's new slogan is a lesson in humility | work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] | date=23 December 2015 | accessdate=13 January 2016 | author=Rodriguez, Ashley | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114080212/http://qz.com/580701/volkswagens-new-slogan-is-a-lesson-in-humility/ | archive-date=14 January 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-volkswagen-emissions-communications-i-idUSKBN0U514L20151222 | title='Das Auto' no more: Volkswagen plans image offensive | agency=[[Reuters]] | date=22 December 2015 | accessdate=13 January 2016 | author=Cremer, Andreas | location=Berlin | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231024407/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-volkswagen-emissions-communications-i-idUSKBN0U514L20151222 | archive-date=31 December 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==Notes an references== ;Notes {{reflist|group=Note|colwidth=60em}} ;Citations {{Reflist|30em}} ;Bibliografie * William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (50th Anniversary Edition) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990) ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category multi|Volkswagen|Volkswagen vehicles}} * [http://www.volkswagen.com/ Volkswagen.com] Volkswagen Cars Worldwide portal * [http://www.volkswagen-classic.de/ Volkswagen Classic] {{de icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026064752/https://www.thecaryoudrive.com/en/02175a425 Volkswagen Cars Technical Information] <!-- this company has its own category. If you'd like to add other categories, please add them to the VW category instead—thx. --> [[Category:Caur manufacturers o Germany]] [[Category:Volkswagen Group| ]] [[Category:Volkswagen vehicles| ]] [[Category:Companies established in 1937]] [[Category:German buists]] [[Category:Companies based in Lawer Saxony]] [[Category:Caurs o Germany]] [[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers o Germany]] [[Category:Motor vehicle companies]] [[Category:Multinaitional companies heidquairtered in Germany]] [[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]] j08l5ddag9t99jjsmc1ldrfygmpqflp Racing Club de Avellaneda 0 78082 925690 916370 2026-11-03T15:49:51Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2013}} {{Infobox football club |current= |clubname=Racing |image=[[File:Racing Club (2014).svg|130px]] |fullname=Racing Club |nickname=''La Academia (The Academy)'' |founded= {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1903|3|25}} |ground=[[Estadio Juan Domingo Perón]],<br>[[Avellaneda]], [[Greater Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]] |capacity=50,000 |chrtitle=President |chairman=Víctor Blanco |manager=Facundo Sava |league=[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] |season= 2025 |position= 5:t |website= http://www.racingclub.com.ar/ |pattern_la1=_racing2014h|pattern_b1=_racing2014h|pattern_ra1=_racing2014h|pattern_sh1=|leftarm1=7DBEFF|body1=0089ff|rightarm1=7DBEFF|shorts1=000066|socks1=000066 |pattern_la2=_racing2014a|pattern_b2=_racing2014a|pattern_ra2=_racing2014a|pattern_sh2=|leftarm2=000000|body2=000000|rightarm2=000000|shorts2=000000|socks2=000000 }} '''Racing Club''' is an [[Argentinae|Argentine]] professional [[sports club]] based in [[Avellaneda]], a ceety o [[Greater Buenos Aires]]. Foondit in 1903, Racing haes been historically considered ane o the [[The Big Five o Argentine fitbaw|"big five"]] clubs o Argentine [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]]. Racing currently plays in the [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]], the top diveesion o the [[Argentine fitbaw league seestem|Argentine league system]]. Racing haes wan the Primera División 16 times (wi a record 7 consecutive championships durin the [[:en:Amateur era in Argentine football|amateur era]]), apairt frae winnin mony domestic competeetions such as five [[Copa Ibarguren]], fower [[Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires]] an ane Copa de Honor Adrián Beccar Varela. Due tae those achievements the team wis elk-namit "La Academia" ("The Academy o Fitbaa") which still identifee's the club an its supporters.<ref>[http://futbol-de-argentina.com.ar/los-apodos-de-los-clubes-de-argentina-parte-iii ''Los apodos de los clubes''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621054458/http://futbol-de-argentina.com.ar/los-apodos-de-los-clubes-de-argentina-parte-iii |date=2008-06-21 }} en Fútbol de Argentina, 21 September 2008</ref> On the internaitional stage, the club wan in 1967 baith the [[1967 Copa Libertadores|Copa Libertadores]], the first edeetion o the [[Supercopa Sudamericana]] in [[1988 Supercopa Sudamericana|1988]] an the [[1967 Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]], tharefore bein the seicont Argentine team tae become Sooth American champion, an the first tae become [[:en:List of world club champions (Association football)|club warld champion]]. Durin the amateur era Racing wan twa [[Copa Aldao]] an ane [[Copa de Honor Cousenier]] an aw, baith tournaments organisit bi [[Argentine Fitbaa Association|AFA]] an [[Uruguayan Football Association|AUF]] thegither.<ref name=weboficial/> The first team plays its hame gemmes in the [[Estadio Presidente Juan Domingo Perón]], elk-namit ''El Cilindro de Avellaneda'' (in Scots: "The Cylinder o Avellaneda"). Ither sports practisit at Racing are [[basketbaw]], [[boxin]], [[mairtial airts]], [[roller skeitchin]], [[tennis]] an [[volleybaw]]. ==Honours== ===Domestic=== *'''[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]] (17)''': [[1913 in Argentine football|1913]], [[1914 in Argentine football|1914]], [[1915 in Argentine football|1915]], [[1916 in Argentine football|1916]], [[1917 in Argentine football|1917]], [[1918 in Argentine football|1918]], [[1919 in Argentine football|1919 AAm]], [[1921 in Argentine football|1921 AAm]], <br> [[1925 in Argentine football|1925 Aam]], [[1949 Argentine Primera División|1949]], [[1950 Argentine Primera División|1950]], [[1951 Argentine Primera División|1951]], [[1958 Argentine Primera División|1958]], [[1961 Argentine Primera División|1961]], [[1966 Argentine Primera División|1966]], [[2001–02 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Apertura|2001 Apertura]], [[2014 Argentine Primera División#Torneo Apertura|2014]]<ref name=weboficial>[http://www.racingclub.com.ar/palmares/ Racing titles at official website]</ref> *'''[[Copa Ibarguren]] (5)''': [[1913 in Argentine football|1913]], [[1914 in Argentine football|1914]], [[1916 in Argentine football|1916]], [[1917 in Argentine football|1917]], [[1918 in Argentine football|1918]]<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires]] (4)''': [[1912 in Argentine football|1912]], [[1913 in Argentine football|1913]], [[1915 in Argentine football|1915]], [[1917 in Argentine football|1917]]<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''Copa Adrián Beccar Varela (1)''': 1932 <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-bec32.html Copa Beccar Varela at RSSSF]</ref> *'''Copa de Competencia Liga Argentina de Football (1)''': 1933 <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-com33.html 1933 Copa de Competencia at RSSSF]</ref> *'''Copa de Competencia Británica George VI (1)''': 1945 <ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/arg-bri45.html Copa de Competencia Británica at RSSSF]</ref> ===Internaitional=== *'''[[Intercontinental Cup (fitbaw)|Intercontinental Cup]] (1)''': [[1967 Intercontinental Cup|1967]]<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Copa Libertadores]] (1)''': [[Copa Libertadores 1967|1967]]<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Copa de Honor Cousenier]] (1)''': 1913<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Copa Aldao]] (2)''': 1917, 1918<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Supercopa Sudamericana]] (1)''': [[1988 Supercopa Libertadores|1988]]<ref name="weboficial"/> *'''[[Copa Interamericana]] (1)''': 1988<ref name="weboficial"/> [[File:Panoramica Cilindro.jpg|center|1000px|]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == *[http://www.racingclub.com.ar Offeecial wabsteid] {{es}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172736/http://www.racingblog.com.ar/ Racing blog] {{es}} {{Intercontinental Cup winners}} {{Copa Libertadores winners}} {{coord|34|40|03|S|58|22|07|W|region:AR-B_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Racing Club de Avellaneda| ]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 1903]] [[Category:Basketbaw teams in Buenos Aires Province]] [[Category:Argentine volleybaw teams]] [[Category:1903 establishments in Argentinae]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Avellaneda]] fl4e2vkhl8vh3de3j8o1j0mhkte0307 Serie B 0 79171 925700 883422 2026-11-03T18:20:56Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league | name = Serie B | logo = | pixels = 83 | caption = The Serie B logo | country = [[Italy]] | confed = [[UEFA]] | founded = 1929<br>2010 (Lega Serie B) | folded = | divisions = | teams = 22 | feeds = | promotion = [[Serie A]] | relegation = [[Lega Pro|Divisione Unica (Serie C)]] | levels = 2 | domest_cup = [[Coppa Italia]] | confed_cup = | champions = [[U.S. Città di Palermo|Palermo]] | season = [[2013–14 Serie B|2013–14]] | most successful club = [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]] (6 titles) | tv = [[SKY Italia|SKY]]<ref>{{cite news |title=La Serie bwin su SKY |url=http://www.legaserieb.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/LA_SERIE_BWIN_SU_SKY/170428 |work=legaserieb.it |publisher=Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie B |date=5 August 2010 |accessdate=15 August 2010 |language=Italian |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228002820/http://www.legaserieb.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/LA_SERIE_BWIN_SU_SKY/170428 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[Mediaset Premium]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Diritti Tv: a Mediaset la Serie B, ma pagano anche ex abbonati Dahlia |url=http://www.tvdigitaldivide.it/tag/liquidazione-dahlia-tv/ |work=tvdigitaldivide.it |publisher=TV Digital divide |date=31 March 2011 |accessdate=8 May 2011 |language=Italian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016131713/http://www.tvdigitaldivide.it/tag/liquidazione-dahlia-tv/ |archive-date=2014-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | website = [http://www.legaserieb.it/ legaserieb.it] | current = [[2019–20 Serie B]] }} '''Serie B''', currently namit '''Serie B [[Eurobet]]'''<ref>{{cite news |language=Italian |accessdate=2 August 2013 |date=1 August 2013 |url=http://www.legaserieb.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/IL_CAMPIONATO_SI_CHIAMERA_SERIE_B_EUROBET/915010 |title=IL CAMPIONATO SI CHIAMERÀ "SERIE B EUROBET" |trans_title=THE CHAMPIONSHIP WILL BE CALLED "SERIE B EUROBET" |publisher=Lega Serie B |archive-date=2013-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804012110/http://www.legaserieb.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/IL_CAMPIONATO_SI_CHIAMERA_SERIE_B_EUROBET/915010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> due tae sponsorship raisons, is the seicont-heichest diveesion in the [[Italian fitbaw league seestem]] efter the [[Serie A]]. It is contestit bi 22 teams an organisit bi the Lega Serie B syne Julie 2010, efter the split o [[Lega Calcio]] that previously teuk care o baith the Serie A an Serie B. Common elk-names for the league are ''campionato cadetto'' an ''cadetteria'', as ''cadetto'' is the Italian for junior or [[cadet]]. ==2022–23 members== {{Location map+ |Italy |width=450 |float=right |caption=Location o teams in 2022–23 Serie B|places= {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=41.125784 |long=16.862029 |label=[[S.S.C. Bari|Bari]] |label_size=80 |position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=41.129761 |long=14.782621 |label=[[Benevento Calcio|Benevento]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=45.541553 |long=10.211802 |label=[[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]] |label_size=80 |position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=39.223841 |long=9.121661 |label=[[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=45.8138573 |long=9.07018950 |label=[[Como 1907|Como]] |label_size=80 |position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=39.2953952 |long=16.2536091 |label=[[Cosenza Calcio|Cosenza]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=44.4165060 |long=8.95251900 |label=[[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=44.7949194 |long=10.3362659 |label=[[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=43.7252996 |long=10.3980134 |label=[[Pisa S.C.|Pisa]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=46.492119 |long=11.346103 |label=[[F.C. Südtirol|Südtirol]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=44.645888 |long=10.925570 |label=[[Modena F.C. 2018|Modena]] |label_size=80 |position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=45.6429340 |long=11.7788887 |label=[[A.S. Cittadella|Cittadella]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=38.0926425 |long=15.6329324 |label=[[Reggina 1914|Reggina]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=38.116667 |long=13.366667 |label=[[Palermo F.C.|Palermo]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=42.5621580 |long=12.6352450 |label=[[Ternana Calcio|Ternana]] |label_size=80 |position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=44.8401734 |long=11.6057773 |label=[[S.P.A.L.|SPAL]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=41.6340760 |long=13.3218790 |label=[[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]] |label_size=80 |position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=42.8610740 |long=13.5939140 |label=[[Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C.|Ascoli]] |label_size=80 |position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=45.4277724 |long=12.3634312 |label=[[Venezia F.C.|Venezia]] |label_size=80 |position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy |lat=43.1062165 |long=12.3548529 |label=[[A.C. Perugia Calcio|Perugia]] |label_size=80 |position=left}} }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Team ! Home ceety ! Stadium ! Capacity ! 2021–22 saison |- |[[Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C.|Ascoli]] |[[Ascoli Piceno]] |[[Stadio Cino e Lillo Del Duca|Cino e Lillo Del Duca]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|12461}} |[[2021–22 Serie B|6t in Serie B]] |- | [[S.S.C. Bari|Bari]] | [[Bari]] | [[Stadio San Nicola|San Nicola]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|58270}} | [[2021–22 Serie C|Serie C Group C champions]] |- | [[Benevento Calcio|Benevento]] | [[Benevento]] | [[Stadio Ciro Vigorito|Ciro Vigorito]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|16867}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|7t in Serie B]] |- | [[Brescia Calcio|Brescia]] | [[Brescia]] | [[Stadio Mario Rigamonti|Mario Rigamonti]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|19500}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|5t in Serie B]] |- | [[Cagliari Calcio|Cagliari]] | [[Cagliari]] | [[Unipol Domus]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|16416}} | [[2021–22 Serie A|18t in Serie A]] |- | [[A.S. Cittadella|Cittadella]] | [[Cittadella]] <small>([[Province of Padua|Padua]])</small> | [[Stadio Pier Cesare Tombolato|Pier Cesare Tombolato]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|7623}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|11t in Serie B]] |- | [[Como 1907|Como]] | [[Como]] | [[Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia|Giuseppe Sinigaglia]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|13602}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|13t in Serie B]] |- | [[Cosenza Calcio|Cosenza]] | [[Cosenza]] | [[Stadio San Vito-Gigi Marulla|San Vito-Gigi Marulla]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|24209}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|16t in Serie B - Playout winner]] |- | [[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]] | [[Frosinone]] | [[Stadio Benito Stirpe|Benito Stirpe]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|16227}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|9t in Serie B]] |- | [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]] | [[Genoa]] | [[Stadio Luigi Ferraris|Luigi Ferraris]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts| 36599}} | [[2021–22 Serie A|19t in Serie A]] |- | [[Modena F.C. 2018|Modena]] | [[Modena]] | [[Stadio Alberto Braglia|Alberto Braglia]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|21092}} | [[2021–22 Serie C|Serie C Group B champions]] |- |[[Palermo F.C.|Palermo]] |[[Palermo]] |[[Stadio Renzo Barbera|Renzo Barbera]] |style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|36365}} |[[2021–22 Serie C|Serie C - Playoff winner]] |- | [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] | [[Parma]] | [[Stadio Ennio Tardini|Ennio Tardini]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|27906}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|12t in Serie B]] |- | [[A.C. Perugia Calcio|Perugia]] | [[Perugia]] | [[Stadio Renato Curi|Renato Curi]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|23625}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|8t in Serie B]] |- | [[Pisa S.C.|Pisa]] | [[Pisa]] | [[Arena Garibaldi]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|25000}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|3rd in Serie B]] |- | [[Reggina 1914|Reggina]] | [[Reggio Calabria]] | [[Stadio Oreste Granillo|Oreste Granillo]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|27543}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|14t in Serie B]] |- | [[S.P.A.L.|SPAL]] | [[Ferrara]] | [[Stadio Paolo Mazza|Paolo Mazza]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|16134}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|15t in Serie B]] |- | [[F.C. Südtirol|Südtirol]] | [[Bolzano]] | [[Stadio Druso|Druso]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|5539}} | [[2021–22 Serie C|Serie C Group A champions]] |- | [[Ternana Calcio|Ternana]] | [[Terni]] | [[Stadio Libero Liberati|Libero Liberati]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|22000}} | [[2021–22 Serie B|10t in Serie B]] |- | [[Venezia F.C.|Venezia]] | [[Venice]] | [[Stadio Pierluigi Penzo|Pier Luigi Penzo]] | style="text-align:center;"| {{Nts|11,150}} | [[2021–22 Serie A|20t in Serie A]] |- |} {{clear}} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fitbaw leagues in Italy|2]] [[Category:Serie B| ]] [[Category:Profeesional sports leagues in Italy]] [[Category:Seicont level fitbaw leagues in Europe|Italy]] [[Category:1929 establishments in Italy]] [[Category:Sports leagues established in the 20t-century]] 52j4aisoph341yzen994d87xg5w6fcr Nicolas Anelka 0 80906 925676 925641 2026-11-03T12:35:57Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bare links}} {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Nicolas Anelka | image = Nicolas Anelka 4720.jpg | caption = Anelka playin for [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] in 2010 | fullname = Nicolas Sébastien Anelka<ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010 – List of Players|url=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)|accessdate=5 June 2013|format=PDF|archive-date=2020-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517205300if_/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/01/22/85/78/fwc_2010_squadlists.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|3|14|df=y}}<ref name="PFA 25">{{cite book| last = Hugman| first = Barry J.| title = The PFA Premier & Football League Players' Records 1946–2005| publisher=Queen Anne Press| year = 2005| page = 25| isbn = 1-85291-665-6 }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Le Chesnay]], Fraunce | height = {{convert|1.85|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Player Profiles|url=http://www.wba.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=31888&tcmuri=896199|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070147/http://www.wba.co.uk/team/player-profile/index.aspx?playerid=31888&tcmuri=896199|archivedate=2013-12-25|publisher=[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.]]|access-date=2014-09-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> | position = [[Forrit (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = [[Free agent]] | youthyears1 = 1983–1993 |youthclubs1 = Trappes Saint-Quentin | youthyears2 = 1993–1995 |youthclubs2 = [[Clairefontaine]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fff.fr/presentationfff/actualite/418646.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114014916/http://www.fff.fr/presentationfff/actualite/418646.shtml|archivedate=2012-11-14|title=INF, formateur de talents|publisher=FFF|language=French|url-status=dead}}</ref> | youthyears3 = 1995–1996 |youthclubs3 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | years1 = 1996–1997 |clubs1 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps1 = 10 | goals1 = 1 | years2 = 1997–1999 |clubs2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] | caps2 = 65 | goals2 = 23 | years3 = 1999–2000 |clubs3 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 19 | goals3 = 2 | years4 = 2000–2002 |clubs4 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] | caps4 = 39 | goals4 = 10 | years5 = 2001–2002 |clubs5 = → [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (loan) | caps5 = 20 | goals5 = 4 | years6 = 2002–2005 |clubs6 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | caps6 = 89 | goals6 = 37 | years7 = 2005–2006 |clubs7 = [[Fenerbahçe S.K. (football team)|Fenerbahçe]] | caps7 = 39 | goals7 = 14 | years8 = 2006–2008 |clubs8 = [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] | caps8 = 53 | goals8 = 21 | years9 = 2008–2012 |clubs9 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps9 = 125 | goals9 = 38 | years10 = 2012–2013 |clubs10 = [[Shanghai Shenhua]] | caps10 = 22 | goals10 = 3 | years11 = 2013 |clubs11 = → [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] (lend) | caps11 = 2 | goals11 = 0<!-- DO ''not'' REMOVE THE FACT THIS WAS A LOAN SPELL --> | years12 = 2013–2014 |clubs12 = [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]| caps12 = 12 | goals12 = 2 | years13 = 2014–2015 |clubs13 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] | caps13 = 13 | goals13 = 2 | totalcaps = 508 | totalgoals = 157 | nationalyears1 = 1997 |nationalteam1 = [[France national under-20 football team|France U20]] |nationalcaps1= 3 |nationalgoals1= 0 | nationalyears2 = 1998–2010 |nationalteam2 = [[France national football team|France]] |nationalcaps2 = 69 |nationalgoals2 = 14 | manageryears1 = 2012| managerclubs1 = [[Shanghai Shenhua F.C.|Shanghai Shenhua]] (player-coach)| manageryears2 = 2015| managerclubs2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (player-manager) | club-update = 5 November 2014}} '''Nicolas Sébastien Anelka''' ({{IPA-fr|ni.kɔ.la a.nɛl.ka}}; born 14 Mairch 1979) is a French former [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]]. Prior tae his reteerment frae internaitional fitbaw, Anelka wis a reglar member o the [[Fraunce naitional fitbaw team|French naitional team]] an aw. ==Personal life== Anelka wis born in 1979 in [[Le Chesnay]], [[Yvelines]], tae parents wha haed migratit frae [[Martinique]] in 1974. Thareefter thay settled in [[Trappes]], near Paris. His mither is a secretar in the local heich schuil.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/sports/26iht-soccer.3674386.html "Nicolas Anelka haunts old coach as Bolton beats Arsenal"]. [[The New York Times]]. 26 November 2006.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx|title=One-on-One with Nicolas Anelka|work=FourFourTwo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828002324/http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx |archive-date=2008-08-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="lepoint.fr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/81309|title=Nicolas Anelka: de Trappes à Wembley|work=Le Point|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231051110/http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-societe/2007-01-24/nicolas-anelka-de-trappes-a-wembley/920/0/81309|archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Anelka is marriet tae [[Barbara Tausia]], a Belgian choreographer. Thegither, thay hae twa loons, Kais born in 2008 an Kahil born in 2010.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/may/20/championsleague.chelsea3?2010. Chelsea: The players] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 20 May 2008; Retrieved 10 February 2009</ref> He actit in the 2002 film ''[[Le Boulet]]'' as a fitbawer cried Nicolas. He haes stated that, whan he retires frae fitbaw, he wad lik tae wirk in the film industry acause he haes a freen in the business.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/oct/24/theknowledge.sport | work=The Guardian | title=Has a journalist ever won an international cap? | first=Tom | last=Bryant | date=24 October 2007| accessdate=20 May 2010 | location=London}}</ref> Anelka haes twa brithers, Claude an Didier.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2008/nov/30/chelsea-arsenal-premier-league The £85m man lights Blue touchpaper] ''The Observer'', 30 November 2008</ref> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commons category}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=170710/index.html|title=Nicolas Anelka|work=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004064937/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=170710/index.html|archive-date=4 October 2015|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/nicolas-anelka|title=Nicolas Anelka|work=Premier League|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214061109/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/nicolas-anelka|archive-date=14 Februar 2014|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/85-nicolas-anelka|title=Nicolas Anelka|work=Fédération Française de Football (FFF)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408211844/http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/85-nicolas-anelka|archive-date=2014-04-08|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-08-25}} {{Navboxes colour |bg=gold |fg=navy |bordercolor=navy |title= Awards |list1= {{Premier League topscorers}} {{PFA Young Player of the Year}} {{1998–99 FA Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{2008–09 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title= France squads |bg= #002395 |fg= white |bordercolor= #ED2939 |list1= {{France squad UEFA Euro 2000}} {{France squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 2008}} {{France squad 2010 FIFA Warld Cup}} }} <!--DO NOT add the category French Muslims: Per Wikipedia:BLP#Categories (point 2) an an aa read the player's desire tae keep this aspect o his life personal (See http://fourfourtwo.com/interviews/one-on-one/156/article.aspx)--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Anelka, Nicolas}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Le Chesnay]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:French fitbawers]] [[Category:Fraunce youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Fraunce internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:INF Clairefontaine players]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] [[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]] [[Category:Real Madrid CF players]] [[Category:Liverpool F.C. players]] [[Category:Manchester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Fenerbahçe fitbawers]] [[Category:Bolton Wanderers F.C. players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players]] [[Category:Juventus F.C. players]] [[Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players]] [[Category:Ligue 1 players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Süper Lig players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] [[Category:First Division/Premier League tap scorers]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2000 players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players]] [[Category:2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2010 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA European Championship-winnin players]] [[Category:FIFA Confederations Cup-winnin players]] [[Category:French expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:French expatriates in Ingland]] [[Category:French expatriates in Spain]] [[Category:French expatriates in Turkey]] [[Category:French expatriates in Cheenae]] [[Category:French expatriates in Italy]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Turkey]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Cheenae]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]] [[Category:French fowk o Martiniquais strynd]] [[Category:Converts tae Islam]] [[Category:French Muslims]] [[Category:Mumbai City FC players]] hdzzp4p54jpoai6pn4m2iey9soe6vf3 Bojayá 0 82649 925715 852858 2026-11-04T01:19:31Z Atlantic306 30244 removed archive today, left unsoorced tag 925715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced|date=November 2026}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Bojayá |native_name = |nickname = |motto = |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Colombia - Chocó - Bojayá.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location o the municipality an toun o Bojayá in the Chocó Depairtment o Colombie. |pushpin_map = |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Colombie |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Colombie}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Chocó]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |coordinates = |timezone = Colombie Staundart Time |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Bojayá''' ({{IPA-es|boxaˈʝa}}) is a toun in [[Chocó]], [[Colombie]]. It is locatit at aroond {{coord|6|31|25|N|76|58|28|W}}. The [[Bojayá massacre]] occurred here in 2002. ==References== {{Municipalities choco depairtment}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bojaya}} [[Category:Municipalities o Chocó]] [[Category:Populatit places in Chocó]] 1vxarfmlumdu5h7s0xv4oe92esmkq0n Al Duhail SC 0 85429 925717 915883 2026-11-04T10:45:32Z ~2026-58582-70 139739 925717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox football club | clubname = Lekhwiya SC | image = | fullname = Lekhwiya Sports Club formarly, now it has been renamed to "Al Duhail Sports Club" | current = | nickname = ''Internal Security Force'' <br> ''The Red Knights'' | founded = {{Start date and age|2009}} | ground = [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]] (Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Stadium)<br>[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] | capacity = 10,221 | chairman = <small>[[Sheikh]]</small> [[Abdullah bin Nasser bin Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Thani|Abdullah al Thani]] | manager = [[Nabil Maâloul]] | league = [[Qatar Stars League]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 5th | pattern_la1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes||pattern_b1=_whiteshoulders|pattern_ra1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes | leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=FF0000|socks1=FF0000|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_white | pattern_la2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes|pattern_b2=_redshoulders|pattern_ra2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes | leftarm2=C0C0C0|body2=C0C0C0|rightarm2=C0C0C0|shorts2=C0C0C0|socks2=C0C0C0|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_red | website = http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ }} '''Lekhwiya Sports Club''' ({{lang-ar|نادي لخويا الرياضي}}) is a [[Qatar]]i [[sports club]], best kent for its [[fitbaw]] team, thit plays in the [[Qatar Stars League]]. The club is based in the ceety o [[Doha]] an plays its hame gemmes at [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]]. It is the first team in Qatari fitbaw tae win the first diveesion title on its debut saison. ==Achievements== *'''Qatargas League''' : Winners (1): 2009–10 *'''[[Qatar Stars League]]''' : Winners (8): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2022–23 *'''Crown Prince Cup''' : Winners (1): 2013 ==Freemit airtins== * [http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206051615/http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ |date=2011-12-06 }} {{Stub/Sport}}{{Stub/Qatar}} [[Category:Lekhwiya SC| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Qatar]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Doha]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2009]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Qatar]] my1ew4c5rb40w7zq6eh5bhp7rw0wdsb 925718 925717 2026-11-04T11:34:59Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/925717|925717]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-58582-70|~2026-58582-70]] ([[User talk:~2026-58582-70|Tauk]])Wrang leid 925718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox football club | clubname = Lekhwiya SC | image = | fullname = Lekhwiya Sports Club | current = | nickname = ''Internal Security Force'' <br> ''The Red Knights'' | founded = {{Start date and age|2009}} | ground = [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]] (Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Stadium)<br>[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] | capacity = 10,221 | chairman = <small>[[Sheikh]]</small> [[Abdullah bin Nasser bin Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Thani|Abdullah al Thani]] | manager = [[Nabil Maâloul]] | league = [[Qatar Stars League]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 5th | pattern_la1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes||pattern_b1=_whiteshoulders|pattern_ra1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes | leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=FF0000|socks1=FF0000|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_white | pattern_la2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes|pattern_b2=_redshoulders|pattern_ra2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes | leftarm2=C0C0C0|body2=C0C0C0|rightarm2=C0C0C0|shorts2=C0C0C0|socks2=C0C0C0|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_red | website = http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ }} '''Lekhwiya Sports Club''' ({{lang-ar|نادي لخويا الرياضي}}) is a [[Qatar]]i [[sports club]], best kent for its [[fitbaw]] team, thit plays in the [[Qatar Stars League]]. The club is based in the ceety o [[Doha]] an plays its hame gemmes at [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]]. It is the first team in Qatari fitbaw tae win the first diveesion title on its debut saison. ==Achievements== *'''Qatargas League''' : Winners (1): 2009–10 *'''[[Qatar Stars League]]''' : Winners (8): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2022–23 *'''Crown Prince Cup''' : Winners (1): 2013 ==Freemit airtins== * [http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206051615/http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ |date=2011-12-06 }} {{Stub/Sport}}{{Stub/Qatar}} [[Category:Lekhwiya SC| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Qatar]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Doha]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2009]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Qatar]] q00wpljclj0cccfq168oicz29xc8wbe 925719 925718 2026-11-04T11:37:48Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Lekhwiya SC]] til [[Al Duhail SC]] 925718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}}{{Infobox football club | clubname = Lekhwiya SC | image = | fullname = Lekhwiya Sports Club | current = | nickname = ''Internal Security Force'' <br> ''The Red Knights'' | founded = {{Start date and age|2009}} | ground = [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]] (Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Stadium)<br>[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] | capacity = 10,221 | chairman = <small>[[Sheikh]]</small> [[Abdullah bin Nasser bin Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Thani|Abdullah al Thani]] | manager = [[Nabil Maâloul]] | league = [[Qatar Stars League]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 5th | pattern_la1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes||pattern_b1=_whiteshoulders|pattern_ra1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes | leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=FF0000|socks1=FF0000|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_white | pattern_la2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes|pattern_b2=_redshoulders|pattern_ra2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes | leftarm2=C0C0C0|body2=C0C0C0|rightarm2=C0C0C0|shorts2=C0C0C0|socks2=C0C0C0|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_red | website = http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ }} '''Lekhwiya Sports Club''' ({{lang-ar|نادي لخويا الرياضي}}) is a [[Qatar]]i [[sports club]], best kent for its [[fitbaw]] team, thit plays in the [[Qatar Stars League]]. The club is based in the ceety o [[Doha]] an plays its hame gemmes at [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]]. It is the first team in Qatari fitbaw tae win the first diveesion title on its debut saison. ==Achievements== *'''Qatargas League''' : Winners (1): 2009–10 *'''[[Qatar Stars League]]''' : Winners (8): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2022–23 *'''Crown Prince Cup''' : Winners (1): 2013 ==Freemit airtins== * [http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206051615/http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ |date=2011-12-06 }} {{Stub/Sport}}{{Stub/Qatar}} [[Category:Lekhwiya SC| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Qatar]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Doha]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2009]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Qatar]] q00wpljclj0cccfq168oicz29xc8wbe Anna Kendrick 0 90055 925712 925102 2026-11-04T01:04:27Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 fixed inaccurate informations; added more sources and information 925712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image = Anna Kendrick March 22, 2014 (cropped).jpg | caption = Kendrick in 2014 | birth_name = Anna Cooke Kendrick | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|08|09}} | birth_place = [[Portland]], [[Maine]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Actress|sangster}} | years_active = 1998–present }} '''Anna Cooke Kendrick''' (born 9 August 1985) is an American theatre and film actress.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2014-04-02|title=Anna Kendrick - Movies, Age & Facts|url=https://www.biography.com/actors/anna-kendrick|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Biography|language=en-US}}</ref> == Airly Days and Career == Kendrick wis born on 9 August 1985 in Portland, [[Maine]]. Her mither is an accoontant,<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=A. B. C.|title=Anna Kendrick's Mom, a Real Accountant, Helped Her Prep for 'Accountant' Role|url=https://abcnews.com/Entertainment/anna-kendricks-mom-real-accountant-helped-prep-accountant/story?id=42639529|access-date=2026-10-21|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> and her faither wis a banker and a teacher.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Anna Kendrick Says She Accepted There Were 'Unspoken Things' Between Her and Her Dad Before He Died|language=en|work=Peoplemag|url=https://people.com/movies/anna-kendrick-opens-up-about-death-of-father/|access-date=2026-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-20|title=Obituary: William King Kendrick|url=https://www.pressherald.com/2022/11/20/obituarywilliam-king-kendrick/|access-date=2026-10-18|website=The Portland Press Herald|language=en-US}}</ref> She attendit the Deering High School.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portland Native Anna Kendrick Charms Hollywood - Boston Common|url=http://bostoncommon-magazine.com/personalities/articles/what-not-to-expect|access-date=2026-10-18|website=bostoncommon-magazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kevin|first=Brian|date=2020-04-01|title=Anna Kendrick's Favorite Maine Place|url=https://downeast.com/our-towns/anna-kendrick-favorite-maine-place/|access-date=2026-10-18|website=Down East Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> She stertit actin at the age of 12, and wis nominatit for a {{interleid airtin|Tony Award|en|Tony_Awards}} for her performance as "Dinah" in the muisical "High Society".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Kendrick – Broadway Cast & Staff {{!}} IBDB|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/anna-kendrick-69678|access-date=2026-11-03|website=www.ibdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Kendrick (Performer)|url=https://playbill.com/person/anna-kendrick-vault-0000035330|access-date=2026-11-03|website=Playbill|language=en}}</ref> Efter this, she kyth'd in num'rous plays, amang thaim ''The Little Princess'' and ''Jane Eyre'', as weel as ''A Little Night Music (2003)''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Kendrick biography and filmography {{!}} Anna Kendrick movies|url=https://www.tribute.ca/people/biography/anna-kendrick/11135/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Tribute|language=en-US}}</ref> Kendrick haed her first on-screen pairt in 2003 as Fritzi Wagner in the film ''Camp'' (2003), and wis nominatit for the {{interleid airtin|Independent Spirit Award|en|Film_Independent_Spirit_Awards}} for Best Debut Performance.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012|title=Film Independent Spirit Awards|url=https://www.filmindependent.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SA_Nomswinners.pdf|url-status=live|website=Film Independent}}</ref> == Later Career == Kendrick cam tae the fore in 2008 for playin Jessica Stanley in the film adaptation of Stephenie Meyer's ''Twilight''.<ref name=":1" /> In 2009, she kyth'd alangside [[Ben Stiller]] and Jason Schwartzman in the muisical comedy ''The Marc Pease Experience'', and haed her first lead pairt as Sarah in ''Elsewhere''. [[File:AnnaKendrick09TIFF-cropped.jpg|left|thumb|Kendrick in 2009]] She syne starned alangside [[George Clooney]] in Jason Reitman's film adapation of ''Up In The Air'' (2009). Reitman wrate Kendrick's pairt (the whilk didna exist intil the original novelle) efter seein her in ''Rocket Science''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knegt|first=Peter|date=2009-12-04|title=Anna Kendrick on Clooney, Reitman and Heading “Up In The Air”|url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/anna-kendrick-on-clooney-reitman-and-heading-up-in-the-air-55683/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=IndieWire|language=en-US}}</ref> Critics ruised her performance, and she wis nominatit for Best Supporting Actress at the {{interleid airtin|Academy Awards|en}},<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominees & Winners for the 82nd Academy Awards {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences|url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/82/nominees.html|access-date=2026-10-19|website=www.oscars.org|language=en}}</ref> {{interleid airtin|Golden Globe Awards|en|Golden_Globes}},<ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-12-15|title=Golden Globes 2010: the nominees|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8414376.stm|access-date=2026-10-19}}</ref> {{interleid airtin|Screen Actors Guild Awards|en|Actor_Awards}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 16th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards {{!}} Actor Awards|url=https://actorawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/16th-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards|access-date=2026-11-03|website=actorawards.org}}</ref> and the {{interleid airtin|Bafta Awards|en|British_Academy_Film_Awards}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Supporting Actress|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/film/supporting-actress/|access-date=2026-11-03|website=Bafta|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Film Awards Nominations Announced|url=https://www.bafta.org/media-centre/press-releases/film-awards-nominations-announced/|access-date=2026-11-03|website=Bafta|language=en}}</ref> In 2009, she alsae played the pairt of Jessica Stanley again in Twilight's sequel, ''New Moon'', and likewise in 2010 in ''Eclipse''; in Eclipse, her chairacter gies a laureation screid that isna pairt of the original novelle.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=Anna Kendrick says working on the Twilight movies was like being in a ‘hostage situation’|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/news/anna-kendrick-twilight-movie-hostage-situation-kristen-stewart-jessica-a9558011.html|access-date=2026-11-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Twilight Saga: Books vs. movies|url=https://www.audible.com/blog/article-twilight-books-vs-movies|url-status=live|access-date=2026-11-03|website=Audible Blog|language=en|quote=Meanwhile, Jessica is the academic one in the movie, and she ends up becoming valedictorian. Eric is valedictorian in the book.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Debruge|first=Peter|date=2010-06-28|title=The Twilight Saga: Eclipse|url=https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/the-twilight-saga-eclipse-1117943068/|access-date=2026-10-19|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2010, she alsae kyth'd alangside Michael Cera in ''Scott Pilgrim vs. the World''. The film haed gotten guid reviews frae critics, but didna come muckle speed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scott Pilgrim vs. the World critic reviews - Metacritic|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/scott-pilgrim-vs-the-world/critic-reviews/|access-date=2026-11-04|website=www.metacritic.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-17|title='Scott Pilgrim' versus the box office|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-aug-17-la-et-scott-pilgrim-20100817-story.html|access-date=2026-11-04|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Mairatouer, she kyth'd in the muisic video for LCD Soundsystem's ''Pow Pow''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=The Playlist|last2=Jagernauth|first2=Kevin|date=2010-11-04|title=Watch: LCD Soundsystem Supervideo For 'Pow Pow' With Anna Kendrick, Directed By David Ayer|url=https://theplaylist.net/watch-lcd-soundsystem-supervideo-for-pow-pow-with-anna-kendrick-directed-by-david-ayer-20101104/|access-date=2026-10-21|website=The Playlist|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2011, she kyth'd alangside Joseph Gordon-Levitt, [[Seth Rogen]] and Bryce Dallas Howard in the film ''50/50'', as a sma-expairienced therapist tae a cancer patient.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-17|title=Anna Kendrick - George Clooney's sparring partner gets a 50/50 shot at|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/anna-kendrick-george-clooney-s-sparring-partner-gets-a-50-50-shot-at-stardom-6263749.html|access-date=2026-11-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IndieLondon: 50/50 - Anna Kendrick interview - Your London Reviews|url=https://www.indielondon.co.uk/Film-Review/50-50-anna-kendrick-interview/?utm_source=chatgpt.com|access-date=2026-11-03|website=www.indielondon.co.uk}}</ref> Later thon year, she kyth'd for the hindmaist time in the fourt ''Twilight'' film ''Breaking Dawn - Part 1.'' In 2012, she wis pairt of the ensemble cast of ''What to Expect When You're Expecting'' bi Kirk Jones. Bye and attour, she wirked as a vyce actress for the first time for the film ''ParaNorman''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dawson|first=Angela|date=2012-08-15|title=Kendrick Gives Voice to 'ParaNorman''s Big Sister|url=https://frontrowfeatures.com/features-category-of-interviews-and-spotlights/film-features/kendrick-gives-voice-to-paranormans-big-sister-1958.html|access-date=2026-11-04|website=Front Row Features|language=en-US}}</ref> She wis alsae in the political thriller ''The Company You Keep'', the whilk premiered at the [[Venice Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=September 2012|first=Filippo L'Astorina · 6|date=2012-09-06|title=Venice Film Festival: Robert Redford presents The Company You Keep with Shia LaBeouf|url=https://www.theupcoming.co.uk/2012/09/06/venice-film-festival-redford-press-conference/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=The Upcoming|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-24|title=Sony Pictures Classics buys Robert Redford's 'The Company You Keep'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2012-aug-24-la-et-mn-robert-redfords-new-film-the-company-you-keep-bought-by-sony-pictures-classics-20120824-story.html|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>; the film is anent a umwhile Weather Underground activist that taks leg bail efter a journalist expones his rael identity. She wis alsae in in the police thriller ''End of Watch'' as the hauf-marrow of Brian Taylor (played bi [[Jake Gyllenhaal]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-09-20|title=Movie review: Good cops on mean streets in 'End of Watch'|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2012-sep-20-la-et-mn-end-of-watch-20120921-story.html|access-date=2026-11-03|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Duralde|first=Alonso|date=2012-09-19|title='End of Watch' Review: Compelling Drama From a Cop's Point of View|url=https://www.thewrap.com/end-watch-review-compelling-drama-cops-point-view-57211/|access-date=2026-11-04|website=TheWrap|language=en-US}}</ref> In the speedfu muisical comedy film Pitch Perfect (2012), she teuk up the pairt of Beca Mitchell, a ram-stam colleger that jynes an [[A cappella|a capella]] bourach cried the Barden Bellas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cunningham|first=Todd|date=2012-10-04|title=Universal Bets Perky 'Pitch Perfect' Will Keep Box Office Beat (Video)|url=https://www.thewrap.com/universal-bets-perky-pitch-perfect-keeps-box-office-beat-58856/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=TheWrap|language=en-US}}</ref> She can likewise be hard on the film's soondtrack.<ref>{{Citation|title=Original Soundtrack: Pitch Pe... Tracks & Reviews {{!}} AllMusic|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/pitch-perfect-original-motion-picture-soundtrack--mw0002420103|language=en|access-date=2026-11-04}}</ref> Her cover of "Cups" wan till the tap 10s on the American Billboard-Chairts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trust|first=Gary|date=2013-10-07|title=Anna Kendrick Tops AC Chart With ‘Cups’|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/anna-kendrick-tops-ac-chart-with-cups/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> Her version of "Cups" wis certified triple-platinum in 2013 forbye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gold & Platinum|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=RIAA|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Anna Kendrick Cannes 2016.jpg|thumb|Kendrick at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival]] In 2013, she wis in the romantic comedy-drama ''Drinking Buddies'', as weel as the fantasy comedy ''Rapture-Palooza''. In December, Kendrick kyth'd as a sangster at the ''Christmas in Washington'' chairity gala.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peterson|first=Tyler|date=2013-11-24|title=Anna Kendrick to Perform on TNT's Hugh Jackman-Hosted CHRISTMAS IN WASHINGTON|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Anna-Kendrick-to-Perform-on-TNTs-Hugh-Jackman-Hosted-CHRISTMAS-IN-WASHINGTON-20131124|access-date=2026-10-20|website=BroadwayWorld.com|language=en}}</ref> Kendrick wad alsae host [[Saturday Night Live]] wi [[Pharrell Williams]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stedman|first=Alex|date=2014-03-19|title=Anna Kendrick, Seth Rogen to Host ‘Saturday Night Live’|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/anna-kendrick-seth-rogen-to-host-saturday-night-live-1201139386/|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2014, she starned in the muisical romance ''The Last Five Years'', as weel as alangside [[Jennifer Aniston]] in the drama ''Cake''. Her nixt kythin wad be as Cinderella in Rob Marshall's film adaptation of the muisical ''Into The Woods''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|date=2014-12-08|title=Anna Kendrick on ‘Into the Woods,’ Playing Cinderella and Movie Musicals|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/anna-kendrick-on-into-the-woods-playing-cinderella-and-movie-musicals-1201373791/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, she kyth'd again as Beca Mitchell in ''Pitch Perfect 2''. In 2016, Kendrick starned in the romantic action comedy ''Mr Right'', the whilk premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2015-08-18|title=Toronto: ‘Our Brand Is Crisis’ & Rathergate Pic ‘Truth’ Added; ‘Mr. Right’ To Close Festival|url=https://deadline.com/2015/08/paco-cabezas-mr-right-closing-toronto-international-film-festival-1201500796/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|date=2015-08-18|title=Toronto: Anna Kendrick, Sam Rockwell’s ‘Mr. Right’ to Close Festival|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/toronto-film-festival-2015-closing-815982/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> and wis lowsed on 8 Aprile 2016 in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=A. B. C.|title=Anna Kendrick and Sam Rockwell Talk 'Mr. Right'|url=https://abcnews.com/GMA/anna-kendrick-sam-rockwell-talk-mr/story?id=38217582|access-date=2026-10-22|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> She wad alsae starn in the comedy ''Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates'', and likewise in ''Trolls'' as the heidmaist chairacter Princess Poppy. She kyth'd alangside [[Ben Affleck]] in ''The Accountant''. In November, Kendrick furthpat her beuk ''Scrappy Little Nobody''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-27|title=Anna Kendrick's book, 'Scrappy Little Nobody,' gets November release date|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-anna-kendrick-book-release-date-20160426-story.html|access-date=2026-10-20|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, she teuk up the pairt of Beca Mitchell again for ''Pitch Perfect 3''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lesnick|first=Silas|date=2016-06-01|title=Pitch Perfect 3 Release Date Shifts to December 2017|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/691489-pitch-perfect-3-release-date|access-date=2026-10-20|website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2018, she starned in the mystery film ''A Simple Favor'' as Stephanie Smothers, and wad tak up the pairt aince mair in 2025 for the film's saicont pairt ''Another Simple Favour''. In 2023, she starned in ''Woman of the Hour'' as Sheryl Bradshaw, a film she haed directit hersel.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jackson|first=Angelique|date=2024-10-22|title=Anna Kendrick Says Directing ‘Woman of the Hour’ Required More Vulnerability Than Releasing Her Memoir: ‘I’m Revealing Something About Myself in Every Frame’|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/features/anna-kendrick-woman-of-the-hour-director-vulnerability-memoir-1236182439/|access-date=2026-10-22|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> == Filmography == '''<big>Film</big>''' {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title |- |2003 |Camp |- |2007 |Rocket Science |- |2008 |Twilight |- | rowspan="4" |2009 |The Twilight Saga: New Moon |- |Elsewhere |- |The Marc Pease Experience |- |Up In The Air |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |The Twilight Saga: Eclipse |- |Scott Pilgrim vs. the World |- |2011 |The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 |- | rowspan="6" |2012 |What to Expect When You're Expecting |- |ParaNorman |- |The Company You Keep |- |End of Watch |- |Pitch Perfect |- |The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |Drinking Buddies |- |Rapture-Palooza |- | rowspan="6" |2014 |The Voices |- |Life After Beth |- |Happy Christmas |- |The Last Five Years |- |Cake |- |Into The Woods |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |Digging For Fire |- |Pitch Perfect 2 |- |Mr. Right |- | rowspan="5" |2016 |The Hollars |- |Get A Job |- |Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates |- |The Accountant |- |Trolls |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Table 19 |- |Pitch Perfect 3 |- |2018 |A Simple Favour |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |The Day Shall Come |- |Noelle |- |2020 |Trolls World Tour |- |2021 |Stowaway |- |2022 |Alice, Darling |- | rowspan="3" |2023 |Self Reliance |- |Woman of the Hour |- |Trolls Band Together |- |2025 |Another Simple Favour |- | rowspan="2" |2026 |Misty Green |- |Babies |} '''<big>Television</big>''' {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Episode |- |2003 |The Mayor (TV Film) | |- |2007 |Viva Laughlin (TV Series) |What a Whale Wants |- |2012 |Family Guy (TV Series) |Internal Affairs |- |2014 |Saturday Night Live (Host and Actress) |S39. E17 |- |2017 |Trolls Holiday (TV Film) | |- |2019 |Human Discoveries (TV Series, 10 Episodes) |S1. E1-10 |- |2020 |Dummy (TV Series) |S1. E1-10 |- |2020– 2021 |Love Life (TV Series, 13 Episodes) |S1. E1-10 S2. E1, E7, E10 |- |2021 |Trolls Holiday In Harmony (TV Film) | |- |2023 |Scott Pilgrim Takes Off (TV Series) |S1. E1-8 |} '''<big>Theatre</big>''' {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title |- |1998 |High Society |- |2003 |A Little Night Music |} <big>'''Muisic Videos'''</big> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title |- |2010 |Pow Pow (LCD Soundsystem) |- |2012 |Ben Folds Five: Do It Anyway |- |2013 |Cups (Pitch Perfect's "When I'm Gone") |} ==References== {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kendrick, Anna}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American muisical theatre actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] f5m3c8yr5cxnu2ptia694h2m9bmeshd Quail 0 128343 925688 866657 2026-11-03T15:39:22Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Quail | image = Brown Quail.jpg | image_width = 300px | image_caption = [[Broun quail]], ''Coturnix ypsilophora'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Galliformes]] | familia = [[Phasianidae]], [[Odontophoridae]] }} '''Quail''' is a collective name for several [[genera]] o mid-sized [[bird]]s generally placed in the order [[Galliformes]]. Mony quail are noo fermed fur fuid, an their eggs are eaten an aw; in 2007, 40 million quail wir producit in the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o America]]., where they are huntit in the wild an aw.<ref>''2007 Census of Agriculture: United States Summary and State Data Volume 1 • Geographic Area Series • Part 51 AC-07-A-51'' (PDF). USDA. February 2009. p. 423.</ref> In the Unitit Kinrick wild quail is at risk (amber) Birds of Conservation Concern 4: the Red List for Birds (2021) an is protectit by law.<ref>Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981</ref> A flock o quail is cawed (in Inglis) a covey,<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is a Group of Quail Called? (Complete List + Why?)|url=https://birdfact.com/articles/what-is-a-group-of-quail-called|access-date=2022-05-12|website=Bird Fact|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> or a bevy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of BEVY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bevy|access-date=2022-05-12|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> [[Category:Quails| ]] [[Category:Gemme birds]] [[Category:Birds bi common name]] {{Stub/Bird}} == References == <references /> epqaea2q68130f3jym6usugy825pego Rab C. Nesbitt 0 136273 925689 905934 2026-11-03T15:47:38Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox television|image=Rab C. Nesbitt 2010.PNG|image_alt=|caption=|genre=[[Comedy]]|creator=[[Ian Pattison]]|based_on=|developer=|writer=Ian Pattison|director=Colin Gilbert|creative_director=|presenter=|starring=[[Gregor Fisher]], [[Elaine C. Smith]], [[Tony Roper (actor)|Tony Roper]], [[Barbara Rafferty]], [[Andrew Fairlie (actor)|Andrew Fairlie]], [[Brian Pettifer]], [[Iain McColl]], [[Eric Cullen]], [[Iain Robertson]]|judges=|voices=|narrated=|theme_music_composer=David McNiven|opentheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|endtheme=Theme frae Rab C. Nesbitt|composer=|country=Scotland|language=Glesca [[Scots language|Scots]]|num_series=10|num_episodes=66 (inc. 6 specials)|list_episodes=|executive_producer=|producer=[[Colin Gilbert]]|editor=|location=[[Govan]], [[Glesga]]|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=30-50 meenit|company=|distributor=|network=[[BBC1]] (1988), [[BBC2]] (1990-2014)|picture_format=[[4:3]] (1988–1998), [[16:9]] (1999), [[1080i]] (2008–2014)|audio_format=[[Stereophonic sound|Stereo]]|first_aired={{Start date|1988|12|22|df=yes}}|last_aired={{End date|1999|06|18|df=yes}}|preceded_by=[[Naked Video]]|related=}}'''Rab C. Nesbitt''' is a Scots comedy telly series (that begouth in 1988) an the main chairacter in it. The chairacter is a man fae [[Glesga]] (played by [[Gregor Fisher]]) wha's idleset bi chyce.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/7738102/Rab-C-Nesbitt-to-return-for-10th-series.html|archive-date=29 November 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> The chairacter haes its springheid in anither telly series, [[Naked Video]]. The series is in a mixter-maxter o Scots an Inglis. == Background == The pilot episode, made for [[BBC Scotland]] in 1988, was a Christenmas special cried ''Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet'', thit was braidcast on 22 Dizember 1988 an than repeatit on the network the follaein year. The first series stairtit on 27t September 1990 an kept gaun for seven mair, endin on 18t Juin 1999. The show came back for a wan-aff special on 23 Dizember 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Welsh|first=James|date=2008-08-23|title='Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two|trans-title='Rab C Nesbitt' tae come back on BBC Twa|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721183628/https://www.digitalspy.com/media/a125638/rab-c-nesbitt-to-return-on-bbc-two/|archive-date=2022-07-21|access-date=2022-07-21|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref> The special sees sindry important developments, thit cairy ontae the series: Gash nou haes a dochter, Peaches; Mary an Ella have set up in business thegether as cleaners (an Jamesie, Rab an sometimes Gash aw wirk for thair company, House Mice); an Rab hissel haes convertit tae [[Christianity]] an gien up alcohol. A ninth series o sax episode stairtit airin on 21st Januar 2010. The show's return received a guid creetical response an heich audience feegures, leadin tae a tenth series bein pit forrit bi the BBC for braidcast in 2011. Filmin for the series stairtit in Februar 2010, an stairtit braidcastin in October 2011.<ref name="telegraph">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180044/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|date=9 February 2019}} - The Telegraph, 15 January 2010</ref> Efter a twa-year break, [[Elaine C. Smith]] confirmed on her [[Twitter]] page thit a new year's special haed duin filmin on 10t October 2013, an was aired on [[BBC Two]] on 2 Januar 2014. Ian Pattison pit thegither an wrocht aw 65 episode, an Colin Gilbert produced an directit aw 65 episodes an aw. Topics include [[alcoholism]], [[Neo Nazis]] an [[sexually transmitted infections]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gregor Fisher on Rab C Nesbitt|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721183704/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6998592/Gregor-Fisher-on-Rab-C-Nesbitt.html|archive-date=2022-07-21|access-date=2022-07-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|language=en|publication-place=The Telegraph}}</ref> Aftentimes, twa three subject thit are in normal circumstances unapproachable war uised in the same episode. The series is kent for its uncompromisin uise o [[Glasgow patter|Glaswegian accents]] an [[Central Scots|dialect]] an aw, an its technique fur brakin the [[Fourth wall|fourt waw]] by frequently hawin Rab address the viewer direct. The series haes featurt guest appearances frae the likes o [[Norman Lovett]], [[Peter Mullan]], [[Rikki Fulton]], [[Mary Lee (singer)|Mary Lee]], [[Anita Dobson]], [[Timothy Spall]], [[Stanley Baxter]], [[Kevin McNally]], [[Clive Russell]], [[Jerry Sadowitz]], [[Viv Lumsden]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Russell Hunter]], [[Peter Capaldi]] an the unknowns [[David Tennant]], [[Ashley Jensen]], [[Ford Kiernan]], [[Greg Hemphill]], [[Karen Dunbar]], [[Jane McCarry]] an [[Paul Riley (actor)|Paul Riley]]. Series 10 episode 2 notably featurt an appearance bi Scots sangster [[Susan Boyle]] tjot was the runner-up on [[Britain's Got Talent]] in 2009. The series was taen live on tour in 1991, kent as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh'', thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recordin o the tour wis pit oot on VHS in 1992 as ''Rab C. Nesbitt: Live''. Twa script buik alangside the series hiv been pit oot an aw, alangside Rab's [[autobiography]], a novel cried ''A Stranger Here Myself''. In October 2016, it wis annooncit thit plans war in place for Rab C. Nesbitt tae return wi a series o live shows at the [[OVO Hydro]] in Glesga, folloaein in the fuitsteps of [[Still Game]]. == Episodes == == Awairds == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Group !Award !Result !Ref |- |1989 |[[Celtic Media Festival]] |Best Entertainment Programme | {{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=ROSCOFF 1989|url=https://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/show-winners/roscoff-1989|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[Celtic Media Festival]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |1991 |[[Royal Television Society]] |Best Situation Comedy | {{Won}} |<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web|title=AWARDS|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0129709/awards|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- |[[Rose d'Or]] |''Special Mention for 1991 Episode "Holiday".'' |Special Mention |<ref>{{cite web|title=TV SHOWS|url=https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|access-date=8 January 2022|work=Comedy Unit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703122529/https://www.comedyunit.co.uk/archive/|archive-date=2022-07-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |1992 |[[BAFTA Scotland]] |Best Entertainment Programme | {{Won}} |<ref name="IMDb" /> |- |1994 |[[BAFTA]] |Best Comedy Programme | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=1994 WINNERS|url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/television/comedy-programme-or-series|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA]]}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[BAFTA Scotland]] |Best Entertainment Programme | {{Nom}} |<ref name="IMDb" /> |- |2009 |[[BAFTA Scotland]] |Best Entertainment Programme | {{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|access-date=8 January 2022|work=[[BAFTA Scotland]]|archive-date=2022-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108235949/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2011 |[[BAFTA Scotland]] |Best Entertainment Programme | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224133920/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2012 | rowspan="2" |[[BAFTA Scotland]] |Best TV Actor: [[Gregor Fisher]] | {{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 WINNERS|url=https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|access-date=8 January 2022|work=BAFTA Scotland|archive-date=2022-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108221942/https://www.bafta.org/scotland/awards/ceremony/nominees-winners/british-academy-scotland-awards-winners-in-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Best TV Actor: [[Elaine C. Smith]] | {{Nom}} |} == Ratins == {| class="wikitable" ! width="60" |Series ! width="50" |Episode ! width="150" |Airdates ! width="100" |Total viewers (in millions) ! width="50" |Rank |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |'''7''' |1 |21 August 1998 |3.70 |5 |- |2 |28 August 1998 |3.23 |5 |- |3 |4 September 1998 |2.73 |8 |- |4 |11 September 1998 |2.94 |10 |- |5 |18 September 1998 |3.16 |13 |- |6 |25 September 1998 |3.46 |5 |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |'''8''' |1 |14 Mey 1999 |2.71 |11 |- |2 |21 Mey 1999 |3.09 |9 |- |3 |28 Mey 1999 |2.80 |9 |- |4 |4 Juin 1999 |2.70 |11 |- |5 |11 Juin 1999 |2.47 |8 |- |6 |18 Juin 1999 |2.20 |19 |- | colspan="2" align="center" |Special: '''Clean''' |23 Dizember 2008 |3.70 |2 |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |'''9''' |1 |21 Januar 2010 |2.28 |24 |- |2 |28 Januar 2010 |2.02 |25 |- |3 |4 Februar 2010 |1.94 |27 |- |4 |11 Februar 2010 |1.70* |N/A |- |5 |18 Februar 2010 |1.66 |30 |- |6 |25 Februar 2010 |1.74 |27 |- | rowspan="6" align="center" |'''10''' |1 |5 October 2011 |2.32 |7 |- |2 |12 October 2011 |1.92 |16 |- |3 |19 October 2011 |1.40* |N/A |- |4 |26 October 2011 |1.50* |N/A |- |5 |2 November 2011 |1.40* |N/A |- |6 |9 November 2011 |1.30* |N/A |- | colspan="2" align="center" |Special: '''Hoodie''' |2 Januar 2014 |2.32 |16 |- |} (*) Asterisk includes owernicht feegure. == Hame Lowsins == The first five series war pit oot on VHS in the 1990s tae stairt wi, wi ivery series bein spleet intae twa pairt, wi three episodes on each video. "Seasonal Greet" an "Fitba" war pit oot on separate VHS volllums. A "best of" compilation wis pit oot on VHS an aw. DVD lowsins o the series stairtit in Julie 2004, wi John Williams productions pittin oot series wan tae five on DVD, wi "Seasonal Greet" available on a separate DVD vollums, an "Fitba" an "Home" bein pit oot thegither on a separate DVD volllum. A complete box set o series wan tae five wis pit oot later on, includin "Fitba" an "Home" but no hivin "Seasonal Greet". 2|Entertain after purchased the richts tae the series, pittin oot series sax tae eicht on separate DVD vollums, an awthegither as wan DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain pit oot "Clean" on DVD three days efter its initial airin on the telly. In 2009, a complete box set o series wan tae eicht an aw specials efterwids was pit oot, makin "More" available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs o series nine an ten were pit oot in 2010 an 2011 respective-like, lea'in the 2014 special the anerly episode tae no yet be pit oot on DVD. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Series ! rowspan="2" align="center" |Episodes ! align="center" |DVD release date |- ! align="center" |Region 2 |- |Seasonal Greet |1 |29 November 2004 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 1|1]] |6 |5 Julie 2004 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 2|2]] |6 |18 October 2004 |- |Fitba & Home |2 |26 Februar 2007 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 3|3]] |6 |28 Mey 2005 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 4|4]] |6 |1 August 2005 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 5|5]] |6 |4 Dizember 2006 |- |1-5 |32 |8 October 2007 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 6|6]] |6 |15 October 2007 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 7|7]] |6 |15 October 2007 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 8|8]] |6 |15 October 2007 |- |6-8 |18 |15 October 2007 |- |Clean |1 |26 Dizember 2008 |- |1-8 |53 |19 October 2009 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 9|9]] |6 |1 Mairch 2010 |- |[[List of Rab C. Nesbitt episodes#Series 10|10]] |6 |12 Dizember 2011 |- |Hoodie |1 |TBA |} == References == [[Category:1988 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]] [[Category:1999 Breetish televeesion programme endins]] [[Category:1980s Breetish comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:1990s Breetish comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s Breetish comedy televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]] [[Category:BBC Scotland televeesion programmes]] [[Category:BBC televeesion sitcoms]] [[Category:Feectional fowk frae Glesga|Nesbitt, Rab C.]] [[Category:Govan]] [[Category:Scots televeesion sitcoms]] [[Category:Televeesion shaws set in Glesga]] [[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]] [[Category:1980s Scots televeesion series]] [[Category:1990s Scots televeesion series]] [[Category:2000s Scots televeesion series]] [[Category:2010s Scots televeesion series]] [[Category:Scots leid]] <references /> == Freemit Airtins == * [http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408034340/http://www.phill.co.uk/comedy/rab/list.html |date=2005-04-08 }} at Phill.co.uk {{En}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622053614/http://www.comedyunit.co.uk/rabcnesbitt.asp ''Rab C. Nesbitt''] at The Comedy Unit {{En}} * {{IMDb title|id=0129709|title=Rab C. Nesbitt}} {{En}} 5f0uw19dp9z0g3c9kg0c8zj4dh87w7m Romelu Lukaku 0 152309 925679 907322 2026-11-03T14:14:41Z Zafer 25850 Photo changed 925679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Romelu Lukaku |image = Romelu Lukaku Fenerbahçe 20261103 (1).JPG |image_size = 200 |caption = Lukaku trainin wi [[Fenerbahçe S.K. (fitbaw)|Fenerbahçe]] in 2026 |fullname = Romelu Menama Lukaku<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=Romelu Menama Lukaku|url=http://www.soccerway.com/players/romelo-lukaku/79495/|work=Soccerway|publisher=Global Sports Media|accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|05|13|df=y}}<ref name="Soccerway"/> |birth_place = [[Antwerp]], Belgium |height = {{convert|1.90|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/romelu-lukaku|title=Player Profile: Romelu Lukaku|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=31 July 2012|archive-date=2016-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529220526/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/romelu-lukaku|url-status=dead}}</ref> |position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = [[Inter Milan]] | clubnumber = 9 |youthyears1 = 1999–2003 |youthclubs1 = [[K. Rupel Boom F.C.|Rupel Boom]] |youthyears2 = 2003–2004 |youthclubs2 = KFC Wintam |youthyears3 = 2004–2006 |youthclubs3 = [[Lierse S.K.|Lierse]] |youthyears4 = 2006–2009 |youthclubs4 = [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] | years1 = 2009–2011 |clubs1 = [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] |caps1 = 73 |goals1 = 33 | years2 = 2011–2014 |clubs2 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |caps2 = 10 |goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2012–2013 |clubs3 = → [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] (loan) |caps3 = 35 |goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2013–2014 |clubs4 = → [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan) |caps4 = 31 |goals4 = 15 | years5 = 2014–2017 |clubs5 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps5 = 110 |goals5 = 53 | years6 = 2017–2019 |clubs6 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps6 = 66 |goals6 = 28 | years7 = 2019– |clubs7 = [[Inter Milan]] |caps7 = 8 |goals7 = 5<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = 2008 | nationalteam1 = [[Belgium naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Belgium U15]] | nationalcaps1 = 4 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2011 | nationalteam2 = [[Belgium naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Belgium U18]] | nationalcaps2 = 1 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2009 | nationalteam3 = [[Belgium naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Belgium U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 5 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2010– | nationalteam4 = [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]] | nationalcaps4 = 83 | nationalgoals4 = 51 | club-update = 12:38, 20 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 20:55, 10 October 2019 (UTC) }} '''Romelu Menama Lukaku''' (born 13 Mey 1993) is a Belgian professional [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] wha plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Striker|striker]] for [[Premier League]] club [[Chelsea]] an the [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium naitional team]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Navboxes | title = Awairds | bg = Gold | list1 = {{2016–17 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{Ebony Shoe}} {{Belgian First Division top scorers}} {{UEFA Europa League top scorers}} {{Everton F.C. Player of the Year}} {{Belgian Sportsperson of the Year}} }} {{Inter Milan squad}} {{Navboxes | title = Belgium squads | bg = #E20E0E | fg = #FDDA25 | bordercolor = black | list1 = {{Belgium squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Belgium squad UEFA Euro 2016}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lukaku, Romelu}} [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Antwerp]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Antwerp]] [[Category:Belgian fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgian expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:R.S.C. Anderlecht players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:Belgian First Diveesion A players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Belgian fowk o Democratic Republic o the Congo strynd]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]] [[Category:Belgian expatriates in Ingland]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:Inter Milan players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] bxqznq846ct2jw8hvba6eb9db2heo66 Pie 0 154090 925683 903159 2026-11-03T14:50:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = Pie | image = [[File:FoodApplePie.jpg|250px]] | caption = A slice o an [[aiple pie]] | alternate_name = | country = | region = | creator = | course = | type = | served = | main_ingredient = Pie shell | variations = Sweet pies, savoury pies | calories = | other = }} A '''pie''' is a baked dish which is uisually made o a [[pastry]] douch casin that covers or completely conteens a fillin o various [[sweetness|sweet]] or [[Umami|savoury]] ingredients. Sweet pies kin be filled wi' fruits sic as: apples, peaches, bluebrary, pumkin, 'n' strawberry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sweet pie recipes|url=https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/collections/sweet-pie-recipes/|access-date=2025-03-13|website=delicious. magazine|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316071018/https://www.deliciousmagazine.co.uk/collections/sweet-pie-recipes/|archive-date=2025-03-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Some various savory fillings include: beef, pork, crowdie, 'n' spinch.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 Satisfying Savory Pie Recipes|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/photos/savory-pie-recipes|access-date=2025-03-13|website=Food Com|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pies| ]] [[Category:European cuisine]] [[Category:Baked guids]] [[Category:Desserts]] n093fo8r2qbfyczi8gkjmyzxn29o2qo Stanislav Petrov 0 155728 925701 608368 2026-11-03T19:30:47Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Stanislav Petrov |image = Stanislaw Jewgrafowitsch Petrow, Dresden 2013.jpg |alt = |caption = Petrov receivin the Dresden Prize in 2013 |birth_name = Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov |birth_date = {{birth date|1939|9|7|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Vladivostok]], [[Soviet Union]]<br />{{small|(nou Vladivostok, [[Roushie]])}} |death_date = Mey 19, 2017 (aged 77) |death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Roushie]] |nationality = |other_names = |known_for = [[1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident]] |occupation = |module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes |nickname = |allegiance = {{flagu|Soviet Union}} |branch = [[Soviet Air Defense Forces]] |serviceyears = |rank = [[Lieutenant colonel]] |unit = |commands = |battles = |awards = |relations = |laterwork = }} }} {{Eastern Slavic name|Yevgrafovich|Petrov}} '''Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov''' ({{lang-ru|Станисла́в Евгра́фович Петро́в}}; born 7 September 1939 in [[Vladivostok]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/social/2013/02/26/4981721.shtml|title="Children were told, their father had a difficult job" (rus.)|publisher=}}</ref>; died 19 Mey 2017) wis a retired [[lieutenant colonel]] o the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces]]. On September 26, 1983, juist three weeks efter the Soviet military haed shot doun [[Korean Air Lines Flicht 007]], Petrov wis the duty officer at the command centre for the [[Oko]] nuclear early-waurnin seestem when the seestem reportit that a missile, follaed bi anither ane an then up tae five mair, war bein launched frae the Unitit States. Petrov judged the report tae be a [[false alarm]],<ref name="AWC">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcitizens.org/petrov2.html | title=The Man Who Saved the World Finally Recognized | publisher=Association of World Citizens | accessdate=June 7, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721000030/http://www.worldcitizens.org/petrov2.html |archivedate=July 21, 2011 }}</ref> an his decision is creditit wi haein preventit an erroneous [[Mutual assured destruction|retaliatory nuclear attack]] on the [[Unitit States]] an its [[NATO]] allies that could hae resulted in lairge-scale [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]]. Investigation later confirmed that the satellite waurnin seestem haed indeed malfunctioned.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tony |last=Long |newspaper=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |title=The Man Who Saved the World by Doing ... Nothing |url=http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/09/dayintech_0926 |date=September 26, 2007 |accessdate=December 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316232729/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/09/dayintech_0926 |archive-date=2014-03-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Petrov, Stanislav}} [[Category:Cauld War militar history o the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Deterrence theory during the Cauld War]] [[Category:Nuclear warfare]] [[Category:Soviet Airmy officers]] [[Category:1939 births]] [[Category:2017 daiths]] [[Category:Fowk frae Odessa]] [[Category:Fowk frae Vladivostok]] 9av1yjgxd1b0uonmchoumyt4ueb8ix6 Tequila 0 156300 925704 884471 2026-11-03T20:43:10Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the alcoholic beverage}} [[File:Agave fields hill.jpg|250px|thumb|Fields that fuirm pairt o the [[UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid]] ''[[Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila]]''.]] [[File:15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg|thumb|Frae left tae richt, examples o ''plata'', ''reposado'' an ''añejo'' tequila]] '''Tequila''' (<small>Spaingie</small> {{Audio-IPA|Tequila(town)Pronunciation.ogg|[teˈkila]|}}) is a regional specific name for a [[distilled beverage]] made frae the [[Agave tequilana|blue agave]] plant, primarily in the aurie surroondin the ceety o [[Tequila, Jalisco|Tequila]], {{convert|65|km|abbr=on}} northwast o [[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]], an in the hielands (''[[Los Altos (Jalisco)|Los Altos]]'') o the central wastren [[Mexican state]] o [[Jalisco]]. Awtho tequila is similar tae [[mezcal]], modren tequila differs somewha in the method o its production, in the uise o anerly blue agave plants, as well as in its regional specificity. The red [[volcanae|volcanic]] soil in the surroondin region is pairticularly well suitit tae the growin o the blue agave, an mair nor 300 million o the plants are harvestit thare each year.<ref name="chadwick-jalisco">{{cite web|author=Ian Chadwick |url=http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/jalisco.htm |title=In Search of the Blue Agave: Jalisco State |publisher=Ianchadwick.com |date= |accessdate=2010-12-25}}</ref> Agave tequila graws differently dependin on the region. Blue agaves grown in the hielands [[Los Altos (Jalisco)|Los Altos]] region are lairger in size an sweeter in aroma an taste. Agaves harvestit in the lawlands, on the ither haund, hae a mair herbaceous fragrance an flavor.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jacinto, Rodolfo |url=http://www.tequilaknight.com/how-is-tequila-made.html |title=How Is Tequila Made |publisher=Tequilaknight.com |accessdate=2011-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018151903/http://www.tequilaknight.com/how-is-tequila-made.html |archive-date=2011-10-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category|Tequila}} * [http://www.tequileros.org National Chamber for the Tequila Industry] * [http://www.tequila.net Tequila Product List, News, NOM Database] * [http://www.crt.org.mx Consejo Regulador del Tequila A.C.] * [http://www.crushedagave.com/tequila-listings/ Tequila Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033922/http://www.crushedagave.com/tequila-listings/ |date=2014-05-02 }} * [http://www.drinkswap.com/tequila/ingredients.htm Leet o Tequila Buists] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605104727/http://www.drinkswap.com/tequila/ingredients.htm |date=2016-06-05 }} <!--spacing--> [[Category:Tequila| ]] [[Category:Mexican products wi protected designation o oreegin]] [[Category:Mexican alcoholic drinks]] [[Category:Mexican distilled drinks]] ckkys0p9pzrqep60421r453zb17249c Sellafield 0 199642 925699 894934 2026-11-03T18:13:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox pouer station|name=Sellafield Ltd|image=From the Mid Tarn Farm Turnoff. - geograph.org.uk - 98363.jpg|location_map= |coordinates={{coord|54.4205|-3.4975|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|country=United Kingdom|location=[[Seascale]], [[Cumbria]]|commissioned=1956|owner=Nuclear Decommissioning Authority|operator=[[Sellafield Ltd]]|ps_units_decommissioned=4 x 50 MWe, 1 x 24 MWe (net)<br>4 x 60 MWe, 1 x 36 MWe (gross)|extra={{gbmapping|NY034036}}}} '''Sellafield''' is a nuclear fuel reprocessing an nuclear decommissioning site, close tae the village o Seascale on the coast o the [[Erse Sea]] in [[Cumbria]], Ingland. The site is served bi Sellafield railway station. Sellafield incorporates the original [[nuclear reactor]] site at '''Windscale''', which is currently undergoing decommissioning an dismantling, an '''Calder Hall''', a neighbour o Windscale, which is also undergoing decommissioning an dismantling of its four [[nuclear pouer]] generating reactors. It is the site o the world's first commercial [[nuclear pouer station]] tae generate electricity on an industrial scale. ==Calder Hall== Calder Hall, first connected tae the grid on 27 August 1956 an officially opened bi Queen [[Elizabeth II]] on 17 October 1956,<ref>{{cite web | title=History of Sellafield| work=Sellafield Web Page | url=http://www.sellafield.com/content.php?pageID=112&decade=1950| accessdate=21 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite video |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=32422 |title=The Atom Joins the Grid |date=22 October 1956 |publisher=[[British Pathe]] |accessdate=5 March 2011 |archive-date=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708100846/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=32422 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was the warld's first nuclear pouer station tae generate electricity on an industrial scale from its four 60 MWe reactors <ref name=the-engineer>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/classic-archive/october-1956-calder-hall-nuclear-station/294378.article|title=Calder Hall Power Station|publisher=[[The Engineer (magazine)|The Engineer]]|date=5 October 1956|accessdate=27 October 2013|journal=|archive-date=2014-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903192011/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/in-depth/classic-archive/october-1956-calder-hall-nuclear-station/294378.article|url-status=dead}} Brief description, with link to very detailed article.</ref> A 5&nbsp;MWe experimental reactor at [[Obninsk]] in the [[Soviet Union]] had been connected to the public supply in 1954,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuclear Power in Russia |work=[[World Nuclear Association]] |url=http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.html |accessdate=30 October 2013 |archive-date=2013-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213052522/http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.html |url-status=dead }} "... civil reactors ... an experimental 50 MWt LWGR type at Obninsk which started up in 1954 (5 MWe) and was the forerunner of RBMKs"</ref><ref>[http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featureobninsk-number-one Nuclear Engineering International: Obninsk – number one, by Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102021944/http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featureobninsk-number-one |date=2013-11-02 }} "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on ... the main task was to carry out experimental studies"</ref> an was the warld's first nuclear pouer plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/06/dayintech_0627|title=June 27, 1954: World's First Nuclear Power Plant Opens|first=|last=Wired|publisher=|access-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127014837/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/06/dayintech_0627|archive-date=2014-01-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Calder Hall design was codenamed PIPPA (Pressurised Pile Producing Power and Plutonium) bi the UKAEA tae denote the plant's dual commercial an military role. Construction started in 1953. Calder Hall had four [[Magnox]] reactors capable o generating 60&nbsp;[[Watt#Electrical and thermal watts|MWe]] (net) of electricity each, reduced tae 50&nbsp;MWe in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/cgi-bin/db.page.pl/pris.powrea.htm?country=GB |title=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Nuclear Power Reactors |work=PRIS database |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency |accessdate=5 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628235010/http://www.iaea.org/cgi-bin/db.page.pl/pris.powrea.htm?country=GB |archivedate=28 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref> The reactors were supplied bi UKAEA, the turbines bi [[C. A. Parsons and Company]], and the civil engineering contractor was [[Taylor Woodrow Construction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=778 |title=Calder Hall Nuclear Power Station |work=Engineering Times |accessdate=19 September 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307231514/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=778 |archivedate=7 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> When the station closed on 31 March 2003, the first reactor had been in use for nearly 47 years.<ref>{{cite news | title=First nuclear power plant to close | work=The Guardian | url=https://www.theguardian.com/nuclear/article/0,2763,918724,00.html| accessdate=21 August 2006 | location=London | first=Paul | last=Brown | date=14 April 2003}}</ref> In its early life Calder Hall primarily produced [[wappen]]s-grade [[plutonium]], with two fuel loads per year. Electricity production was a secondary purpose.<ref>{{cite web|title=Should the United States supply light water reactors to Pyongyang? |author=Peter Hayes |work=Nautilus Pacific Research |url=http://www.nautilus.org/archives/pub/ftp/napsnet/papers/hayes1193.txt |accessdate=21 August 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307121518/http://www.nautilus.org/archives/pub/ftp/napsnet/papers/hayes1193.txt |archivedate=7 March 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> From 1964 it was mainly used on commercial fuel cycles. In April 1995 the UK Government announced that all production o plutonium for wappens purposes had ceased. ==Moorside== [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]] is a new nuclear pouer station proposed for a site near Sellafield. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Umwhile nuclear pouer stations in Ingland]] [[Category:Magnox]] 3vbkvw2hdbfeiahbdfm3of53s8gmg7z Susan Wojcicki 0 204630 925702 898004 2026-11-03T19:57:00Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = Susan Wojcicki |image = Susan Wojcicki (29393944130) (cropped).jpg |caption = Wojcicki in 2016 | office = 3rd [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] o [[YouTube]] | term_start = {{Start date|2014|02|05}} | term_end = {{end date|2023|02|16}} | predecessor = [[Salar Kamangar]] | successor = [[Neal Mohan]] |birth_name = Susan Diane Wojcicki |birth_date = {{Birth date|1968|07|05|mf=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461?c=search&first=Susan&last=Wojcicki |title=California Births, 1905 - 1995 |publisher=Familytreelegends.com |date= |access-date=March 15, 2014 |archive-date=2013-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604041118/http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461?c=search&first=Susan&last=Wojcicki |url-status=dead }}</ref> |birth_place = [[Santa Clara Coonty, Californie]], U.S. |death_date = 9 August 2024 (aged 56) |death_place = |citizenship = [[Unitit States]]<br>[[Poland]] |education = [[Gunn High School]] |alma_mater = [[Harvard College]] <small>([[Bachelor o Airts|B.A.]])</small><br />[[Varsity o Californie, Santa Cruz]] <small>([[Master o Science|M.S.]])</small><br />[[UCLA Anderson School o Management]] <small>([[Master o Business Admeenistration|M.B.A.]])</small> |years_active = 1999–present |salary = |party = |boards = |spouse = {{marriage|Dennis Troper|1998}} |children = 5 |parents = [[Stanley Wojcicki]]<br />[[Esther Wojcicki]] |relatives = [[Anne Wojcicki]] (sister)<br>[[Sergey Brin]] (brither-in-law, 2007–2015) }} '''Susan Diane Wojcicki''' ({{IPAc-en|v|uː|j|ˈ|tʃ|ɪ|s|k|i}} {{respell|vooy|CHIS|kee}}, {{IPA-pl|vujˈt͡ɕit͡skʲi|lang}};<ref>{{YouTube|a07s88y7f-k|"#DearMe: Susan Wojcicki, CEO of YouTube"}}</ref> born 5 Julie 1968; deed 9 August 2024) wis a [[Pols Americans|Pols-American]] technology executive. She wis the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] o [[YouTube]] frae Februar 2014 tae her demission in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Orescovic|first=Alexi|title=Google taps longtime executive Wojcicki to head YouTube|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/02/05/us-google-youtube-idINBREA141Y420140205|work=Reuters|date=February 5, 2014|access-date=2019-02-23|archive-date=2015-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721213513/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/02/05/us-google-youtube-idINBREA141Y420140205|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Sam|title=Google Ad Chief Susan Wojcicki: 'The Book Isn't Finished'|url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/05/susan-wojcicki/|access-date=10 September 2011|newspaper=Wired.com|date=3 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906185040/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/05/susan-wojcicki/|archive-date=2011-09-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wojcicki, Susan}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:2024 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American businessfowk]] [[Category:21st-century American businessfowk]] [[Category:American advertisin executives]] [[Category:American businesspeople in the online media industry]] [[Category:American management consultants]] [[Category:American mercatin businessfowk]] [[Category:American fowk o Pols strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Roushie-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American technology chief executives]] [[Category:American weemen chief executives]] [[Category:Bain & Company employees]] [[Category:Businesspeople frae Californie]] [[Category:Businesspeople in advertisin]] [[Category:Google employees]] [[Category:Harvard College alumni]] [[Category:Intel fowk]] [[Category:Mercatin weemen]] [[Category:Fowk frae Palo Alto, Californie]] [[Category:Fowk frae Santa Clara Coonty, Californie]] [[Category:UCLA Anderson School o Management alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Californie, Santa Cruz alumni]] [[Category:Weemen in technology]] [[Category:YouTube]] [[Category:20t-century businessweemen]] [[Category:21st-century businessweemen]] k803b89ugabpoukgrpsgxagxb6r3mvb Paul Erdős 0 208416 925681 849772 2026-11-03T14:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Eastern name order|Erdős Pál}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Paul Erdős |image = Erdos budapest fall 1992 (cropped).jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = Paul Erdős at a student seminar in Budapest (Fall 1992) |birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|3|26|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Budapest]], [[Austrick-Hungary]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1996|9|20|1913|3|26|df=y}} |death_place = [[Warsaw]], Poland |residence = Hungary<br/>Unitit Kinrick<br/>Israel<br/>Unitit States |citizenship = |nationality = Hungarian |fields = [[Mathematics]] |workplaces = [[Victoria Varsity o Manchester]]<br />[[Princeton Varsity]]<br />[[Purdue Varsity]]<br /> [[Varsity o Notre Dame]]<br />[[Ebreu Varsity o Jerusalem]]<br />[[Technion – Israel Institute o Technology]] |alma_mater = [[Eötvös Loránd Varsity]] |doctoral_advisor = [[Lipót Fejér]] |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = [[Joseph Kruskal]]<br />[[George B. Purdy]]<br />[[Alexander Soifer]]<br/>[[Béla Bollobás]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=19470|title=Mathematics Genealogy Project|accessdate=13 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207010833/https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=19470|archive-date=2020-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> |notable_students = |known_for = a verra lairge nummer o results an conjecturs (mair nor 1,500 airticles) an a verra lairge nummer o coauthors (mair nor 500) |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = [[Wolf Prize in Mathematics|Wolf Prize]] (1983/84)<br />[[Cole Prize|AMS Cole Prize]] (1951) |signature = <!--(filename only)--> }} '''Paul Erdős''' ({{lang-hu|Erdős Pál}} {{IPA-hu|ˈɛrdøːʃ ˈpaːl|}}; 26 Mairch 1913 – 20 September 1996) wis a renouned [[Hungarian fowk|Hungarian]] [[mathematician]]. He wis ane o the maist prolific [[mathematician]]s an producers o mathematical [[conjectur]]s<ref>https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-sum-product-problem-shows-how-addition-and-multiplication-constrain-each-other-20190206</ref> o the 20t century.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Erdős |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/191138/Paul-Erdos |publisher="Encyclopædia Britannica |author=Paul Hoffman |date=July 8, 2013}}</ref> He wis kent baith for his social practice o mathematics (he engaged mair nor 500 collaborators) an for his eccentric lifestyle ([[Time Magazine|''Time'' magazine]] cried him ''The Oddball's Oddball'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990598,00.html |title=Paul Erdos: The Oddball's Oddball |author=Michael D. Lemonick |date=March 29, 1999 |publisher=Time Magazine |access-date=2019-07-28 |archive-date=2011-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181414/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990598,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He devotit his wakin oors tae mathematics, even intae his later years—indeed, his daith cam anerly oors efter he solved a geometry problem at a conference in [[Warsaw]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erdos, Paul}} [[Category:Paul Erdős| ]] [[Category:1913 births]] [[Category:1996 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Hungarian mathematicians]] [[Category:Mental calculators]] [[Category:Furrin Members o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Graph theorists]] [[Category:Guggenheim Fellaes]] [[Category:Hungarian agnostics]] [[Category:Hungarian atheists]] [[Category:Hungarian Jews]] [[Category:Set theorists]] [[Category:ISI heichly citit resairchers]] [[Category:Jewish atheists]] [[Category:Jewish agnostics]] [[Category:Members o the Hungarian Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Nummer theorists]] [[Category:Fowk frae Budapest]] [[Category:Institute for Advanced Study veesitin scholarts]] [[Category:Academics o the Victoria Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Probability theorists]] [[Category:Varsity o Notre Dame faculty]] [[Category:Purdue Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Wolf Prize laureates]] [[Category:Princeton Varsity faculty]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Eötvös Loránd Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Austro-Hungarian mathematicians]] lqeq83m7x3tzivp8bep9ykceyroji9f Peningham 0 216411 925682 911317 2026-11-03T14:28:44Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |country = Scotland |official_name= Penninghame |scots_name= | population = |os_grid_reference= |map_type=Scotland |coordinates = {{coord|54.9579|-4.4853|display=inline,title}} |unitary_scotland= [[Dumfries an Gallowa]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Wigtounshire|Wigtoun]] |constituency_westminster= [[Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency)|Dumfries and Galloway]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Galloway and Upper Nithsdale]] |post_town= |postcode_district = |postcode_area= |dial_code= }} '''Peningham''' ([[Inglis leid|English]]: '''Penninghame''') is a ceevil pairish in the historical coonty o [[Wigtounshire]] in [[Dumfries an Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It is 8 mile nor'wast fae [[Wigtoun]]. The aurie is aboot 16 mile lang and fae 5-6 mile wide, boondit on the north an east bi the [[River Cree]], an on the wast bi the [[River Bladnoch|River Blaidnoch]], comprisin narley 38,000 acre, o that 12,000 acre wis arable, 600 acre wis wuidland and plantations, 1,600 acre wis meidaes, an the lave wis hill pastur, muirland, moss, etc.<ref name="bare_url">{{cite web|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parfirst1037.html|title=Parish of Penninghame from The Gazetteer for Scotland|website=www.scottish-places.info}}</ref> The pairish o Peningham is boondit on the sooth bi the ceevil pairish o [[Wigtoun]] an on the wast bi [[Kirkcowan]] an on the north bi the ceevil pairish o [[Cowmonell]] an on the east bi the civil pairish o [[Minnigaff]].<ref>A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846). http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43470</ref> There is a thrang o naitur trails nearby, managed on behauf o the state bi [[Scottish Forestry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/recreation.nsf/LUWebDocsByKey/ScotlandDumfriesandGallowayNoForestGallowayForestParkPenninghamePond|title=Forestry Commission - Galloway Forest Park<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=|access-date=2020-04-05|archive-date=2014-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317055749/http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/Recreation.nsf/LUWebDocsByKey/ScotlandDumfriesandGallowayNoForestGallowayForestParkPenninghamePond|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Etymology== Peningham (spelt sicweys in 1287 in [[Bagimonds Roll]]) his been argied tae be ane o the earliest [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] placenames in soothwast Scotland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url = |title = The place-name Penninghame (Wigtonshire)|last = Hough|first = Carole|date = 2001|journal = Notes and Queries|doi = 10.1093/nq/48.2.99|pmid = |access-date = }}</ref> Hough his propone't that it is derived aither fae [[Auld Inglis leid|Auld English]] ''*pening-hām'' "ferm that a penny tax wis peyable on" or ''*pen-ingahām'', the seicont element o that meanin "fermtoun o the follaers o ..." or "fermtoun o the sattlers at ...".<ref name=":0" /> She argies again a derivation fae ''-ingahām'' steidit on the geographical isolation o Peningham fae the ither ''-ingahām'' names in soothren Scotland ([[Cowdinham]], [[Tyninham]], [[Whittingeham]]); the lack o the medial <a> in the early spellins o the name, and the obscur first element 'Pen'.<ref name=":0" /> James propones that the first element is Brittonic ''penn'' "heid, tap, summit, end" incorporatit intil an Auld English ''ing + ham'' name. It wad mean "laundhaudin name't (efter) Penn". He suggests that ''*Penn'' refers to the end o the rig on Baur Hill. James notes that Hough's etymology o a name "beirin monetary assessment o a laundhaudin" in the 8t centry wad be exceptional.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf|title=The Brittonic Language in the Old North: v|last=James|first=Alan G.|publisher=SPNS|year=2019|isbn=|volume=2 Guide to the Elements|location=|pages=234|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015200623/https://spns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Alan_James_Brittonic_Language_in_the_Old_North_BLITON_Volume_II_Dictionary_2019_Edition.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2019}}</ref> ==The Clachan o Peningham== [[File:Old Public House, Clachan of Penninghame, Dumfries & Galloway.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A view o the clachan o Peningham.]] The Clachan o Penninham wis a sattlement that existit afore [[Newtoun Stewart]] wis built an is tharefore o some antiquity as the first wheen o hooses in Newtoun Stewart wis built in 1677 bi William Stewart. Newtoun Stewart wis a planned veelage an hinderly it supersedit the clachan.<ref name="archive_a">Caledonia. vol. 3. p.434 by George Chalmers. https://archive.org/stream/caledoniaoraccou03chal#page/434/mode/1up</ref> Atween 1875 an 1885 the clachan an its destrict wis served bi a stap name't [[Mains of Penninghame Platform railwey station]] on the line tae [[Whithorn]] fae Newtoun Stewart with mercat days trains anely. ==The Toun o Newtoun Stewart== The Dumfries an Gallowa Cooncil Administration Office for the [[Machars]] aurie o Wigtounshire is in the toun o Newtoun Stewart, that lies on the soothren edge o the [[Gallowa Forest Pairk]] in the ceevil pairish o Peningham. ==The Primary Schuil== Thare his been a schuil in the Peningham aurie for ower 100 year. Merton Haw an aw his been considerable stendit an altert ower the years, umwhile being occupee'd as a schuil. ==Peningham Kirk== [[File:Clachan of Penninghame and the old cemetery, Dumfries & Galloway.jpg|thumb|250px|Heidstanes within the Kirk o Peningham seemetry.]] The kirk o Peningham belangt o auld til the bishops o Gallowa, that wis the awners o Peningham and hid thair chief dwallin at Clary, umwhile cried Clachary, less no ae mile fae the kirk.<ref name="archive_a" /> The recordit history o Peningham Pairsh begins wi the medieval Bishops o Gallowa. The buirial grund wis uised until 1777 whan the kirk wis closed an teh new Peningham Kirk wis built in Newtoun Stewart.<ref>Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae. New Edition. Vol. II. pp.373-375 https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiu02scotuoft#page/n383/mode/2up</ref> Peningham Auld Kirk an Manse (in ruination) at the Clachan o Peningham is shawn on Ainslie's 1782 map.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400335|title=View: A map of the county of Wigton. - Counties of Scotland, 1580-1928|website=maps.nls.uk|access-date=2020-09-30|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914114426/https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400335|url-status=dead}}</ref> The biggin shawin the back o the photae o the Clachan o Peninham kirkyaird is said tae be an auld inn. In 1877, a guide reports that the ruins o the kirk wis barelins visible. In the new kirkyaird a heidstane commemorates the Rev. Robert Rowan, meenister o the pairish, a freend an correspondent o the historian [[Robert Wodrow]]. Haein studied at Glesga College, he obteent the licence tae preach in July 1695, in the follaein year he wis ordeent as the meenistor of Peningham (ten year efter the herryin o [[Margaret Wilson (Scots mairtyr)|Margaret Wilson]]. Takkin deep concern in the affairs o the Kirk, he communicatit tae Wodrow meenit accoonts o the herryins inflictit on his pairishioners an ither durin the latter Stuart harryins. He deed on 9 August 1714, in his 55t year, an the 18t o his meenistry.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> ==Barony o Merton or Myrtoun alias Frethrid== In 1477 King [[James III o Scotland]] grantit a chairter o Merton Haw tae John Kennedy o Blairquahan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zoopla.co.uk/|title=Zoopla > Search Property to Buy, Rent, House Prices, Estate Agents|website=www.zoopla.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rps.ac.uk/search.php?action=fc&fn=jamesvi_trans&id=id5396&query=&type=trans&variants=&google=|title=Ratification of the burgh in barony of the town of Myretoun<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>The History of Galloway, by William Makenzie Vol. I. p.413 https://archive.org/stream/historyofgallowa01mack#page/413/mode/1up</ref> On 1 Mairch 1504 or 1505: '''The terras et baroniam de Myretoun, cum turre, fortalicio (etc.) vic. (sheriffidom of) Wigtoun'' was wrate in Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum AD1424-1513 (RMS) Vol.II, deed no.2829 p.&nbsp;601. In the same volume an aw wis deeds anent the barony o Myretoun, while shawn as "Baronium de Frethird or Frethrid, vic. (shirradom o) Wigtoun:, pp 236-7 no. 1162; pp. 272-3 nos 1336 an 1377 (!0 Dec 1477) an no. 1654.<ref>Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. Vol.II. pp.272-273.nos. 1336-1337 https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi02scot#page/272/mode/2up</ref> On 27 Februar 1506: the Register o the Great Seal o Scotland recoreds a chairter p. 624 no 2943, Gawino Kennedy de Blarequhan hid terres et Baronium de Frethird. On 20 Juin 1508, p.693 no.3245, John Kennedy de Blairquhan re '''Capella S. Ninian''' in baronia sue de Myrtoun alies Frethrid vic. Wigtoun. Ths [[Saunt Ringan}|St Ninian]]'s chaipel is juist til the sooth o Glenhapple, Peningham, near Cruise o Cree and Peningham Hoose.<ref>Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. p.693 no.3245. https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi02scot#page/693/mode/1up</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/caledoniaoraccou03chal|title=Caledonia; or, An account, historical and topographic, of North Britain; from the most ancient to the present times|first=George|last=Chalmers|date=30 September 2020|publisher=London, Cadell|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> 10 Januar 1541: '''Barony o Martyn-Kennedy alias Frethrid vic. (shirradom o) Wigtoun''' Gilbert Kennedy an his guidwife Margaret Cunninghame hid thirl ands, recordit in RMS vol.III p.592 deed 2576<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/registrummagnisi03scot|title=Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668|first1=|last1=Scotland|first2=|last2=Great Britain. General Register Office (Scotland)|date=30 September 1882|publisher=Edinburgh : General register house|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> ''[[Viscount Boyd of Merton]], of Merton-in-Penninghame in the County of Wigtown'', is a title in the [[Peerage o the Unitit Kinrick]]. It wis creautit in 1960 for the [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|UK Conservative Pairty]] politeecian an unwhile Secretar o State for the Colonies, [[Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1t Viscount Boyd o Merton]]. As o 2010 the title is haudit bi his auldest son, the seicont Viscount, that succeedit in 1983. A bronze axe, noo in the Stranraer Museum, wis fund in boggy grund at Merton Haw, aboot 2 mile wast o Newton Stewart. Merton Haw is a Category B leetit biggin. ==History== On 1 Juin 1557, the launds o Clarie/Clarie an Ower Baur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/hes/63569|title=Mains Of Penninghame - ScotlandsPlaces|website=scotlandsplaces.gov.uk}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> hid umwhile been mailt for 19 year by Bishop Andrew Durie tae Walter Stewart o Barcly, as recorded in the beuk "Wigtouwnshire Charters" (Scottish Records Society, p.&nbsp;248 no.347). In this beuk an aw, Peningham wis the uisual dwallin o the Bishops o Gallowa, Bishop Alexander Gordon o Clary dee'd here in 1576. The 10 merkland o Grange o Peningham, 5 merkland o Claire, 5 Merkland o Ower Baur, 5 merkland o Barchelauchlyne (possibly Barcly, in 1189 thare wis a Walter de Berchelay, chaumerlain), 5 merkland o Barquharrane, aw lyin in the Merse o Cree, wis grantit bi Bishop Alexander Gordon tae Alexander Stewart o Garlies an Katherine Stewart, marraes, an the 5 merkland o Carnestik an Polchullie (Polwillie ?) wis feued tae Mr. John Steward an Egidia Gordon, marraes. [[Castle Stewart]] is north o Newtoun Stewart, an Peningham. '''Scots Peerage, vol.IV''' recoreds that Sir Alexander Stewart o Garlies an his third guidwife, Catherine Stewart (dochter o Walter Stewart o Barclye/Barcly, abuin) hid a son, Anthony Stewart, that was the parson o Peningham an ancestor o Colonel William Stewart that purchased the launds o Castle Stewart, umwhile style't Kilcreuchie.<ref>Scots Peerage vol.IV p.155. Stewart, Earl of Galloway. https://archive.org/stream/scotspeeragefoun04pauluoft#page/154/mode/2up</ref><ref>Records of Parliament.1696/9/195.William II:Manuscript. Ratification in favour of William Stewart of Castlestewart http://www.rps.ac.uk/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919091547/http://www.rps.ac.uk/ |date=2012-09-19 }}</ref> Colonel William Stewart bocht the launds umwhile kent as Calcruchie an built Castle Stewart. The reference for the plain o this castle is in "The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland bi David MacGibbon and Thomas Ross, pub. 1892 pp.&nbsp;246–8.<ref name="archive">{{cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/castellateddomes05macguoft|title=The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the eighteenth century|first1=David|last1=MacGibbon|first2=Thomas|last2=Ross|date=30 September 1887|publisher=Edinburgh : D. Douglas|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> All Saints Episcopal Kirk, Challoch, wis built as a preevat chaipel for Edward James Stopford-Blair o Peninghame Hoose and consecratit in 1872. It wis designt by the airchitects W G Haberson & Pite. ==Moniment o National Importance== Near Peningham is Skaith Mote, the site o a smaw timmer castle o medieval date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/|title=Historic Environment Scotland|website=www.historicenvironment.scot}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite web |url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62928/details/skaith+mote/ |title=Site Record for Skaith Mote Details Details<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2020-04-05 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402231628/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62928/details/skaith+mote/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Archaeology== The National Gailerie o Scotland - Museum o Antiquities o Scotland his bronze implements (Sir Herbert Eustance Maxell, 1885) leets (item 48) 8 x 21 inch an (item 49) 2 x 21 inch bronze axes fae Peningham. There wis atween 1,200 and 1,500 auncient English cuinyies fund in the field in the pairish o Peningham, shawin the heids o King Edward, Keen Alexander, etc. Some mintit in Briston micht hae been aboot 1280 AD (CE). Some places in north Peningham that are o interest til archaelogists, airtists, an walkers on the [[Soothren Upland Wey]] is: * Castle Stewart (on launds o Kilcreuchie or Calcruchie), north o Newtoun Stewart<ref>Scottish History Society, vol. LI (51) : Wigtownshire Charters. ed. by R.C. Reid, LLD. Parish of Penninghame.</ref> * Skaithe Motte an Bailey<ref name=autogenerated2 /> * Castle Loch (Black Loch, that souks intil Ochiltree Loch) wi Mickle Castle atween baith lochs<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=62959|title=Welcome to Canmore - Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="canmore.rcahms">{{cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/63034/loch-ochiltree|title=Loch Ochiltree - Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ochiltree Loch wi Little o Mickle Castle on the north shore<ref name="canmore.rcahms" /> * Ochiltree, north o Ochilltree Hill<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southernuplandwayholidays.com/new-luce-balmurrie-to-bargrennan-brigend-i152.html|title=3. New Luce to Bargrennan<!-- Bot generated title -->|publisher=|access-date=2020-04-05|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032051/http://www.southernuplandwayholidays.com/new-luce-balmurrie-to-bargrennan-brigend-i152.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Loch Maberry wi a castle on the eastren shore<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/62444/loch-maberry-castle|title=Loch Maberry Castle - Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk|access-date=2020-09-30|archive-date=2020-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413075147/https://canmore.org.uk/site/62444/loch-maberry-castle|url-status=dead}}</ref> * The [[Machars]]<ref>http://www.whithorn.info/pdf/macharsguide.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405163435/http://whithorn.info/pdf/macharsguide.pdf |date=2016-04-05 }} - United Kingdom</ref> ==Namely residenters== * [[Alexander Gordon (bishop o Gallowa)|Alexander Gordon]] (c. 1516-1575) - Airchbishop o Glesga, Bishop o the Isles, an Bishop o Gallowa, born in Peningham * Caiptain Sir [[Murray Maxwell]] (1775-1831) - Ryal Navy officer that served durin the [[French Revolution]]ary an [[Napoleonic Wars]], born in Peningham * [[Edward Black (meenister)|Edward Black]] (1793-1845) - meenister an teacher in Canadae associatit wi the Kirk o Scotland, born in Peningham * [[James Blair (MP)|James Blair]] (c. 1788-1841) - Irish-born sklave-awner an Tory MP. He bocht the Peningham estate in 1825.<ref name="mkerlie">{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B4rSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA309 | title = History of the Lands and Their Owners in Galloway | volume = vol 1 | page = 309 | first = Peter Handyside | last = M'Kerlie | publisher = William Paterson | location = Edinburgh | year = 1870 | isbn = | accessdate = 22 June 2014 }}</ref> ==Gailerie== <gallery> File:St. Ninian's chapel ruin, Penninghame.jpg|St. Ninian's chaipel ruin. File:Clachan of Penninghame Cemetery - geograph.org.uk - 852695.jpg|Clachan o Peningham Seemetry. File:Penninghame Home Farm.jpg|PeninghamHame Ferm. View across the fields til the sooth o the ferm taewart the remeens o Castle Stewart File:Glasnick Smithy Croft.jpg|Glasnick Smiddy Craft. View fae near the craft alang the line of the auld militar road taewart Cairn Wuid centre o photae an Barskeoch Ferm on richt. File:Welcome to Dumfries and Galloway.jpg|The B7027 road tae Challoch, near Loch Dornal, north Peningham aurie. File:Challoch Church in Winter - geograph.org.uk - 663332.jpg|Challoch Kirk in Winter. File:Road to Skaith - geograph.org.uk - 216321.jpg|near Skaith Motte an Bailey. File:Loch Ochiltree - geograph.org.uk - 633272.jpg|Loch Ochiltree. File:Loch Dornal - geograph.org.uk - 476128.jpg|Loch Dornal. File:Loch Maberry - geograph.org.uk - 476123.jpg|Loch Maberry near Loch Dornal. File:Penninghame Pond.jpg|Peningham Pownd in Cruives Wuid. </gallery> ==Leetit biggins in Peningham== * Baltersan Steading With Silo * Challoch, All Saints Church Manse With Retaining Walls And Gatepiers * Mochrum Park Lodge With Gates Gatepiers And Quadrant Walls * Penninghame Open Prison (Formerly Penninghame House) With Stables And Walled Garden * Baltersan Farmhouse * Penninghame Clachan * Challoch, Lingree Bridge * Castle Stewart * Merton Hall * Challoch, All Saints Episcopal Church With Boundary Walls And Gatepiers * Mochrum Park * Challoch Farmhouse And Steadings * Clauchaneasy Bridge * Killiemore (Formerly Kirkchrist House) ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/scotland/dumfries+and+galloway/penninghame/map Map o Leetit Biggins in Peningham] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_ex_Ig_AiM Video footage o the kirk an seemetry] [[Category:Pairishes in Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Dumfries an Gallowa]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] 1be8kwvdx8f9rg9l8lr9va2tpcb0ux5 Scots beuk sculptures 0 222695 925696 917307 2026-11-03T17:58:34Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925696 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Scots beuk sculptures''' ur a group o sculptures that were placet in Scotland in order tae be "fand" atween 2011 an 2013. The sculptures ur on topics maistly anent [[Scots leeteratur]] an poetry, an ur makit fae auld beuks bi an unkenned female sculptor. The stairtin group o sculptures wis 10 sculptures that war left at sindry cultural pairts in Embro, Scotland, atween Mairch an November 2011, as gifts tae the cultural institutions an fowk o the city.<ref name=GdnDec11>{{cite news|title=Edinburgh book sculptures turn the page |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2011/dec/01/edinburgh-book-sculptures|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Michael|last=MacLeod|language=en|date=1 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref> The sculptures came wi gift labels that rooset leeteracy an the luve o wirds an argied conter leebrary an ither airts fond cuts. An eleivent sculpture wis gied tae writer [[Ian Rankin]], whase wirk wis weel-forrit in mony o the ither sculptures. The ten Embro sculptures wur tourt athort Scotland in a shawin in late 2012.<ref name=GdnJuly12>{{cite news|title=Edinburgh's mysterious book sculptures go on tour |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/scotland-blog/2012/jul/31/scotland-poetry-book-sculptures|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Robyn|last=Marsack|language=en|date=31 July 2012|accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref> The sculptor wis contractit tae mak ainither five sculptures tae be dernt in secrit pairts athort Scotland as pairt o Book Week Scotland, that stairted in November 2012. In December 2012, the sculptor gied ainither gift sculpture tae the Scottish Poetry Library, wha haed awreidy gotten twa o her earlier wirks. ==2011 Enbro sculptures== ====Furst sculpture==== The furst sculpture wis fand oan Tysday 11 Mairch 2011, left oan a table in the Scottish Poetry Library.<ref name=GdnMar11>{{cite news|title=Mystery 'poetree' is a symbol of library love Anonymous reader leaves a delicate gift to the Scottish Poetry Library |url=https://www.theguardian.com/edinburgh/2011/mar/03/edinburgh-scottish-poetry-library-tree-gift-mystery|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Michael|last=MacLeod|language=en|date=3 March 2011|accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref> It featurt a tree staundin oan an auld beuk. At the base o the tree wis an egg, braken in hauf an the inner lined wi gowd formin wirds fae the poem "A Trace of Wings" bi Edwin Morgan.<ref name=CS>{{cite web|title=Mysterious paper sculptures|url=http://thisiscentralstation.com/featured/mysterious-paper-sculptures/|website=thisiscentralstation.com|first=Chris|last=Scott|language=en|date=27 Februar 2012|accessdate=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213175102/http://thisiscentralstation.com/featured/mysterious-paper-sculptures/|archive-date=2019-12-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> It haed a tag backin tae @byleaveswelive, the name o the leebrarie's Twitter accoont readin "It started with your name [https://twitter.com/byleaveswelive @byleaveswelive] and became a tree.… … We know that a library is so much more than a building full of books… a book is so much more than pages full of words.… This is for you in support of libraries, books, words, ideas….. a gesture (poetic maybe?)".<ref name=CS/> It wis gien the name "poetree" bi the leebrarie staff.<ref name=GdnMar11/> ====Seicont sculpture==== The seicont sculpture wis fand in late Juin 2011<ref name=CS/> at the National Library of Scotland, a "delicately crafted"<ref name=GdnDec11/> gramophone an a deidbox creatit fae a copy o [[Ian Rankin]]'s novelle ''Exit Music''.<ref name=CS/> The note wi it read "For [https://twitter.com/natlibscot @natlibscot] – A gift in support of libraries, books, words, ideas….. (& against their exit)".<ref name=CS/> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Scots leeteratur]] 4ey68knagtexxl7cudexbucmbkez0we Findhorn 0 224839 925694 924761 2026-11-03T16:19:01Z CiphriusKane 74958 925694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox UK place |static_image_name=Findhorn.jpg |static_image_caption= Findhorn Ryal Yacht Club an The Crown an Anchor Inn |country = Scotland |english_name= Findhorn |gaelic_name= Inbhir Èir<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/placename/findhorn/|title=Findhorn|website=Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba|accessdate=1 October 2020|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030162338/https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/placename/findhorn/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |scots_name= Findhorn |os_grid_reference= NJ043643 |map_type= Scotland |coordinates = {{coord|57.6573171|-3.6155305|display=inline,title}} | population = 930 | population_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistics.gov.scot/atlas/resource?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistics.gov.scot%2Fid%2Fstatistical-geography%2FS19001521|title=statistics.gov.scot Findhorn|accessdate=1 October 2020|archive-date=2025-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414031022/https://statistics.gov.scot/atlas/resource?uri=http://statistics.gov.scot/id/statistical-geography/S19001521|url-status=dead}}</ref> |unitary_scotland= [[Moray]] |lieutenancy_scotland= [[Moray]] |post_town= FORRES |postcode_district = IV36 |postcode_area= IV |dial_code= 01309 |constituency_westminster= [[Moray (UK Pairliament constituency)|Moray]] |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Moray (Scots Pairliament constituency)|Moray]] }} The village o '''Findhorn''' is fund on the north-east shore o the Findhorn Bay an mooth o the River Findhorn, 30 mile east frae [[Innerness]]. == Etymology == Watson (1926) kens the name is frae ''Fionn Èire'', meanin ''White Ireland'' an "nae dout it refers tae the white saunds o the firth". The dative ''Èireann'' gied rise tae the uiss o the Inglis ''erne'' in ither local names sic as Invererne, Cullerne an Earnhill.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=W.J. |title=The Celtic Place-names of Scotland |date=1926 |publisher=John Donald |isbn=978-1-906566-35-7 |page=229}}</ref> [[File:Pont 9 Findhorn.jpg|thumb|Timothy Pont's map kiverin Findhorn]]It is mair likely that the name is frae the Pictish spoken in the airt. The Pict-Scot union o 843 broucht in Gaelic, Maxwell (1896)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maxwell |first1=Herbert |title=Scottish land-names; their origin and meaning |date=1894 |publisher=W. Blackwood |location=Edinburgh |page=64 |url=https://archive.org/details/scottishlandname00maxwuoft}}</ref> kens the ''Fin'' is frae the Pictish ''Pit'', as in ''Pitlochery''. The ''orn'' is semply 'river', frae the [[Scots Gaelic]] ''abhainn'', an [[Welsh leid|Auld Welsh]] ''afon''. The Gaelic influence wis suin cowped bi the sons o [[Malcolm III o Scotland|Malcolm Canmore]] thit brocht in an ancestor o modren [[Scots leid|Scots tung]] frae the [[Northumbrian]] byleid. Ken the lack o places stairtin wi ''Fin-'' an ''Pit-'' in the Gaelic speakin regions o the wast coast.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=Richar A. V. |title=Modern Scottish Gaelic reflexes of two Pictish words: *pett and *lannerc |journal=Nomina |date=1997 |volume=20 |page=50 |url=http://www.snsbi.org.uk/Nomina_articles/Nomina_20_Cox.pdf}}</ref> In Timothy Pont's map o 1593 the name o the village wittin ''Findorn'', an naurby ''The Barr o Findorne''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pont |first1=Timothy |title=Moray and Nairn – Pont 9 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/00002297 |website=maps.nls.uk |publisher=National Library of Scotland |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=2021-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518013407/https://maps.nls.uk/view/00002297 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == History == === Bronze Age === Fowk hae bed aroond Findhorn frae mair nor three thoosan year. In 1986 biggin wark kythed a cley burial urn<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shepherd |first1=Ian AG |title=A Cordoned Urn burial with faience from 102 Findhorn, Moray |journal=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |date=2001 |pages=101-128 |url=http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/download/9551/9518/ |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> containin the remains o a quine o twinty five year an her bairn. Lith beads an starn-shapit beads wis fund in the urn an aw, that resemmle seemilar beads fund in soothren inle. Caurbon-datin reckons the beads, quine an bairn war frae aboot 1880 BC tae 1520 BC. === Three Villages === Athort the millennia the River Findhorn haes changed coorse monie time, the village o Findhorn haes haed tae muive wi it. Pont's cairt clear shaws the auld saund barr, whaur the river coorse gaed north an than wast juist north o Elvin pynt frae five mile tae whaur the Buckie Loch is nou. Thare is an unnerwatter subterranean peat bed thit stends a distance intae the firth frae Burghhead Bay tae the east o Findhorn indicatin that thare wis yinst growthie forest vegetation. In the 19t yearhunner trunks o trees an ruits war dreggit up bi the anchors o ships lyin aff thare. E'en the day, muckle rafts o compactit peat come up on the North Shore o the Findhorn. Aboot this forest steid an impressive man-makkit hill, 200 fit heich, cawed Douff hillock, this war airn-age in oreegin. It is in this region, a few mile north east o the praisent village, an nou unner the [[Moray Firth]] that some historians hiv placed the Findhorn o the [[Middle Ages]]. Wi nae stane available fur biggin atween the rivers Findhorn an Nairn, an nae roads tae help thaim, the tenants an cottars o the airt biggit thair hooses o feal an turve. The renewal o ruifs an was teuk up a considerable amoont o time ilk year an the feal dykes roond the infields haes tae be mainteened. Traditionally the feal frae the roch scuffin or carse war uised frae this ettle, an in the case o the Culbin airt the turf cappin the auld dunes on the shinle ridges war tirrt nakit, an bent gress pout frae thatch. This exposed the saund ablo tae the wind. Turf wis needit fur mixin intae the middens fur tae mak compost, an while auld ruifs an waws war dumpit thare, muckle mair wis howkit up. The amoont o turf uised up bi a ferm toun fur this ettle wis surpreesinly lairge, an in the case o the Culbin led tae extensive sandblawin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=Ross |title=The Culbin Sands – Fact and Fiction |date=1 April 1989 |publisher=University of Aberdeen Centre for Scottish Studies |location=Aberdeen}}</ref> [[File:James Giles (1801 - 1870) - Findhorn - ABDAG002428 - Aberdeen City Council (Archives, Gallery and Museums Collection).jpg|thumb|Findhorn (1874) by James Giles (1801-1870) in Aiberdeen Art Gallery]] Invasion o this airt bi blawn saund war recordit sae airly as the year 1100<ref>{{cite web |last1=McKenzie |first1=Steven |title=Buried past: The communities lost to sand |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-28295928 |website=BBC |publisher=The British Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> an at some time the first Findhorn is said tae hiv been inundatit an lost furiver under the Culbin Sands. The village hae bed on the sooth bank o the river three or fower mile up the stream frae its mooth at the Auld Bar, aboot the pynt whaur the river turnt wastwart on its journey parallel tae the edge o the firth an separatit frae it bi sand banks. The attractiveness o the shelter affordit bi the river tae mariners wis tempert bi the problem o wind blown sand siltin up the herbour. In 1660 the villagers war forced tae stert the construction o new warehooses on the opposite bank whaur the water wis deeper. The second village o Findhorn developpit aroond the warehouses across the water frae the original village that wis kent as the 'Altoun' or auld toun. This village is weel kent in the maps an writins o the 17th yearhunner. It wis regairdit as the principal port on the Moray Coast, providin sauf herbour fur vessels tradin wi the Baltic, Norrowa an the Laich Kintras as weel as ports aroond Scotland an England an servicin the touns frae Elgin tae Innerness. It wis made a Burgh o Barony in 1661. In the ten year prior tae 1702, the blown sand, whilk hed been causin sic devastation in Culbin, slawly chokit the River Findhorn. In the wirds o J.B. Ritchie (1938)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ritchie |first1=J. B. |title=The Pageant of Morayland |date=1932 |publisher=Elgin |page=168}}</ref>: 'The water wis dammed back bi the sand into a huge lake frae which it began tae escape bi a mair direct route tae the sea. than came unusually high floods tae which the barriers yielded. The pent up waters rushed along the new course, carryin wi them every vestige o the aulder Findhorn'. [[File:Beach at Findhorn - geograph.org.uk - 1278415.jpg|thumb|Dunes tae the east o Findhorn]]The date gien frae this disaster varies but the consensus opinion gies it as 11th October 1702. Tho the final devastation came at nicht, thare wis nae loss o life due tae the astuteness o the villagers wha hed anticipatit sic an ootcome fur some time an hed awready begoud biggin noo hames aboot a mile south-east on the Muirtown Estate. The remains o the dwellins o the second village (nou under the sea, aboot half mile north-west o the present mouth o the river) became an ideal habitat frae mussels, an large mussel scaups developed thare. This is confirmed in the account o a court case in 1762 which states '...the present principal mussel scalp stands upon the very spot whaur Sir James Calder's cellars stood in the auld town o Findhorn'. The harvestin o these mussels wis an important industry frae the fishermen o the new village. [[File:Findhorn Bay from Piers - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Lookin sooth frae the piers]] The village built on the Muirtown Estate frae 1700 onwart is the present village o Findhorn. The stabilisation o the Culbin Sands bi the plantin o trees prevenet faurer sand blaws, tho the village suffert sandstorms an it is recordit that whiles the villagers hed tae howk sae muckle as twa feet o sand oot o thair gardens followin a westerly gale. [[File:Findhorn Beach - geograph.org.uk - 884282.jpg|thumb|Groynes o Greenhart wood tae stap the saund frae blowin ]] The erosion o the sand dunes on the North Shore bi winter storms hed gien concern fur mony years. The final breachin o the sand dunes teuk place in the winter o 1983 an the influx o a considerable amoont o seawatter endangert the fabric o mony hooses in that area. This prompted the Local Authority tae resolve the problem fur once an frae aw. The sea defenses whilk is nou hidden bi marram gress on the shore side an sea depositit shinle on the ither, compreese a line o massive rocks risin some 20ft abuin beach leevel an stendin the lenth o the danger zone. This is supplementit bi groynes o Greenhart wid placed strategically tae arrest the migration o wastwart drift sand. Sae faur thir meisurs appear tae hiv been effective. === Fishin at Findhorn === In the 12t yearhunner, the monks o Kinloss Abbey haudit the saumon richts o the bay, an war creditit wi buildin the Sturdy, a stane isle uised as a fishin pynt, strategically placet fur tae catch the rin o fish tae an frae the River Findhorn an the Moray Firth. The Sturdy is still visible at laich tide, as is some o the remeens o ane o the airliest kent methods o catchin saumon, the Yaars, whilk consistit o ereckin wicker fences at laich tide an as the tide came in the fish swam ower the fence tae be trappit as the tide ebbed. In the 17t yearhunner Findhorn wis the principal seaport o Moray an Forres an cargo vessels raiglarly sailt tae an fraw aw pairts o the [[North Sea]] an sae faur as the Baltic Ports an involvet in the export o saumon, grain, an ither goods, an in the import o coals. Tidal changes tae the nairrae an shallae ingang tae the bay creatit obstacles tae navigaution an as the size o tradin vessels waxed sae the volume o trade tae the village declinet. Durin the nineteenth yearhunner fishin predominatit. Tho considered a secondar industry tae coastal tradin, fishin wis o major importance tae the village economy, employin up tae 160 men. Acause o the naitral sauf anchorage, unique alang the north-east coast, herrin drifters, yawls an zulu sailboats uised Findhorn as a base frae baith net an line fishin in the Moray Firth. Catches o herrin an whitefish war landit on the shore, equally dividit atween the crews, than peddled aroond the immediate area bi the fishwives, or alternately, as maist fisher cottages had a tarred curin shed, convertit tae kippers in the case o herrins, or a famous local delicacy, speldins, dried haddock. At the ootset o the 1914–18 war, mony zulus o the herrin fleet war beacht at Elvin pynt whan the crews war cawed up frae active service, an the day, the skeletal remeens o yon boats can still be seen on the foreshore. Ithers war beached aroond the herbour area tae be broken up fur firewid. The slaw decline o the whitefish industry begoud due tae several wanevitable contributor factors, chiefly the wanstoppable siltin up o the bay bi sand-drift frae the Culbins, an the waxin difficulty o negotiatin the sand bar at the estuary ingang caused bi lang-shore drift. The lest locally awnt yawls sailt in the airly nineteen-thritties bi which steam pouer an engines hed taen ower frae sail. Fur some years efter that boats, generally Scaffies an Fifies, frae Burghhead, Hopeman an sae faur as Buckie, conteenad tae caw in tae glean the huge mussel scaups in the bay. The mussels war bein gaithert bi haund an cairriet in creels tae the waitin boats, o whan under the watter, a trawl wis uised fur tae raise the mussels, a difficult task. Later, the mussels wad be shelt an baitit on the hunners o heuks ready fur the neist day's expeditions. Gradually, ancillary jobs in the village associated wi fishin – boat buildin, sail-makin, net barkin, guttin an curin – waned, an apairt frae coble buildin, eventually disappeared. === Railwey === Frae 1860 tae 1869 a brainch o railwey ran frae Kinloss tae the herbour at Findhorn frae the saumon fishermen<ref>{{cite web |title=Findhorn Railway |url=https://www.railscot.co.uk/companies/F/Findhorn_Railway/ |website=RailScot |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>. It wis scunnert financially an wis closed frae passengers in 1869, an anley carried salmon an freight frae anither ten year before closin fur guid. The route o the wey can be made oot on fields durin dry spells, an it follaed the coast whaur the B9011 road is nou.<ref>{{cite web |title=Old-Maps |url=https://www.old-maps.co.uk/#/Map/304500/864500/12/100163 |website=Old-Maps.co.uk |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> === Saumon fishin === Housomeer, thare remeened the commercial saumon fishin an in its hey-day Findhorn in the 1920's wis the control centre o the Moray Firth Salmon Fishin Company<ref>{{cite web |last1=Graham-Stewart |first1=Andrew |title=River Conon History |url=http://www.cononfishing.com/river-conon-history.asp |website=Conon Fishing |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> whilk operatit 22 nettin stations dottit at intervals alang the coast frae Burghhead tae Balintore, wi crews o fower or five men mannin the bothies. A series o leader nets on upricht poles projeckit seawart whaur a maze o nettin made escape naur impossible fur the wanwary fish. Flat-bottomed, shallow-draught, 24 foot long cobles war uised tae collect the saumon frae the aff-shore nets at suitable states o the tide, an records shaw that this method o fishin wis gey sonsie, tho predator seals war a constant maraudin enemy. Hinderly the industry closed doun in 1987. Inside the bay a different system kent locally as bangin wi uised, wi the fishin richts frae airly last yearhunner tae the closure awnt bi C.R.Sellar an Company, an the buildins occupeed bi Moray Water Sports wis the bothies frae the crews nou. Bangin consistit o feedin oot nets frae the beach in a circular fashion in a smawer teep o coble frae ''stells'', as the fishin pynts war kent, an thare war several aroond the bay but maist uised wis the Glory Hole at the estuary mooth an the Sturdy. The sweep o the encirclin nets trapped the passin saumon on thair wey up or doun the stream, an again record shaw some amazin 'hauls'. A keen rivalry developed atween boat crews fur the muckle catches durin the saumon fishin season, thit lastit frae the icy waters an sleety winds o Februar tae the sunny balmy days o August. Hailidaymakers teuk a great interest in watchin the bangers at wirk an anticipatin the catches an aw. Saumon catches diminisht durin the late 20t yearhunner, an that wey o life endit in 1987. === Findhorn X class yacht === The interest in pleisur sailin wis likely kindlet whan the kintra wis rekiverin frae the First Warld War. Records is vague but in the airly 1920s thare wis leastweys five local yawls. Aw saumon fishers wirkit on a bonus system ower thair wages, whilk wis paid oot at the saison's feenish, the back-end as it wis kent, in August an in that month an aw, the annual regatta wis haudit. The regatta wis a faimily fun day haudit atween the piers wi a series o coble races, boat tug-o-wars an ither aquatic sports. The first pleisur orientate boats tae kythe at Findhorn in ony significant nummers war the Lymington scows, whilk wis purchaset in the sooth. They war sturdy centre-board dinghies, 11ft.3in. long, wi a 60sq.ft. single lug sail rig. A class o these scows war suin estaiblisht at Findhorn an it wis the competitive element derived frae raiglar Setturday sailin o these vessels that wis aiblins responsible mair nor ony ither sinle factor frae the formation o a yacht club. In 1929 James Chadwick (the first Commodore) alang wi ither dinhy sailors, foondit the Findhorn Yacht Club. His hame wis uised as the club meetin place an this buildin wis eventually tae end up as the clubhouse uised the day. 1930 saw the first o the Findhorn class boats, an 18.ft. boat built wi local help, bi James Chadwick frae aboot £80. The actual prototype wis constructed in the premises (kent in latter days as Frankie's boat-shed) an a nummer o such boats war built an kent as the Findhorn X class. This X class is reputed tae be the forerunner tae the 18ft boat class. This fleet expandit tae ower twinty boats afore the Second World War whan pleisur sailin lairgely ceased. Efter the war the sailin slawly recovered an the club begoud tae flourish wi the memmership expandin dramatically in the late fifties an sixties wi a resultant waxin in cruisers an dinhies. In 1971 the Findhorn Yacht Club wis awairdit a Royal title. == Suenos Stane == The prood Suenos Stane is steid juist ootside o Forres, owerlookin Findhorn Bay. It is the tallest in Scotland at seiven metre tall, biggit in the 9t or 10t centuries, durin the time o [[Malcolm II o Scotland]]. It can be keekit juist north ae Forres on Timothy Pont's map as ane o twa pillars, the secont stane is lost. == Employment == In 2011 thare wis 463 fowk in employment. The main wirk in the community includit: * Manufacturin: 6.9% * Construction: 3.7% * Wholesale an Retail: 8.9% * Accommodation an Food: 8.2% * Scientific: 7.6% * Admin an Defense: 12.5% * Education: 18.6% * Health an Social: 13.8% == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Touns in Moray]] [[Category:Places o Scotland]] krqt882932s64jc92u44w644ib2sde8 Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/sandbox/Listeria 2 228642 925716 925453 2026-11-04T05:08:51Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 925716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?article ?P31 ?P31Label where { hint:Query hint:optimizer "None". 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?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q269680' | [[Astara Rayon]] | Astara District | Astara Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q457513' | [[Kalbajar Rayon]] | Kalbajar District | Kalbajar Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q688626' | [[Lerik Rayon]] | Lerik District | Lerik Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |- class='wd_q593872' | [[Qabala Rayon]] | Qabala District | Qabala Rayon | district of Azerbaijan | district of Azerbaijan |} == Bangkok == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q534226' | [[Bang Bon Destrict]] | Bang Bon | Bang Bon Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806445' | [[Bang Kapi Destrict]] | Bang Kapi | Bang Kapi Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806443' | [[Bang Khen Destrict]] | Bang Khen | Bang Khen Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806446' | [[Bang Kho Laem Destrict]] | Bang Kho Laem | Bang Kho Laem Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q806448' | [[Bang Na Destrict]] | Bang Na | Bang Na Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1001823' | [[Bueng Kum Destrict]] | Bueng Kum | Bueng Kum Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019598' | [[Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok|Chom Thong Destrict]] | Chom Thong | Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1975222' | [[Huai Khwang Destrict]] | Huai Khwang | Huai Khwang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019432' | [[Khan Na Yao Destrict]] | Khan Na Yao | Khan Na Yao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1740651' | [[Khlong Sam Wa Destrict]] | Khlong Sam Wa | Khlong Sam Wa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1403340' | [[Khlong Toei Destrict]] | Khlong Toei | Khlong Toei Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1008352' | [[Lak Si Destrict]] | Lak Si | Lak Si Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q999094' | [[Lat Phrao Destrict]] | Lat Phrao | Lat Phrao Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1936178' | [[Min Buri Destrict]] | Min Buri | Min Buri Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1839285' | [[Nong Chok Destrict]] | Nong Chok | Nong Chok Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q473316' | [[Phra Khanong Destrict]] | Phra Khanong | Phra Khanong Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019626' | [[Prawet Destrict]] | Prawet | Prawet Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019633' | [[Rat Burana Destrict]] | Rat Burana | Rat Burana Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1025969' | [[Sai Mai Destrict]] | Sai Mai | Sai Mai Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019420' | [[Saphan Sung Destrict]] | Saphan Sung | Saphan Sung Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019611' | [[Suan Luang Destrict]] | Suan Luang | Suan Luang Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1972732' | [[Thung Khru Destrict]] | Thung Khru | Thung Khru Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |- class='wd_q1019651' | [[Yan Nawa Destrict]] | Yan Nawa | Yan Nawa Destrict | district of Bangkok | district of Bangkok |} == Californie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q104994' | [[Los Angeles Coonty]] | Los Angeles County | Los Angeles Coonty | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q5925' | [[Orange Coonty, Californie|Orange Coonty]] | Orange County | Orange Coonty, Californie | charter county of California | charter county of California |- class='wd_q62' | [[San Francisco]] | San Francisco | San Francisco | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter ceety an coonty (Californie) | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>charter city and county |} == Ceety o Edinburgh == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4979466' | [[Brunstane]] | Brunstane | Brunstane | suburb | suburb |- class='wd_q5211552' | [[Dalmeny]] | Dalmeny | Dalmeny | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1633842' | [[Naitional Museum o Scotland]] | National Museum of Scotland | Naitional Museum o Scotland | museum | museum |- class='wd_q1547466' | [[St Giles' Cathedral]] | St Giles' Cathedral | St Giles' Cathedral | [[cathedral]] | cathedral |- class='wd_q8038444' | [[Writers' Museum]] | Writers' Museum | Writers' Museum | museum<br/>local authority museum | museum<br/>local authority museum |} == Central District == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q331078' | [[Amol]] | Amol | Amol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q158928' | [[Bushehr]] | Bushehr | Bushehr | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q180078' | [[Kermanshah]] | Kermanshah | Kermanshah | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Iran | big city<br/>city of Iran |- class='wd_q170573' | [[Qom]] | Qom | Qom | city of Iran | city of Iran |} == Dumfries an Gallowa == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q606739' | [[Clan Agnew]] | Clan Agnew | Clan Agnew | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>[[Scots clan]] | family<br/>Scottish clan |- class='wd_q652035' | [[Dumfries]] | Dumfries | Dumfries | [[toun]]<br/>large burgh | town<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q16893264' | [[Kenmure Castle]] | Kenmure Castle | Kenmure Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q1853868' | [[Mull o Gallowa]] | Mull of Galloway | Mull o Gallowa | headland | headland |- class='wd_q24639097' | [[Polharrow Burn]] | Polharrow Burn | Polharrow Burn | burn | stream |- class='wd_q7333403' | [[Rigg railwey station]] | Rigg railway station | Rigg railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q7587694' | [[St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C.]] | St. Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | St Cuthbert Wanderers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q67184386' | [[St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire]] | St Martin and St Ninian Catholic Church | St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q2445404' | [[Whithorn Priory]] | Whithorn Priory | Whithorn Priory | priory | priory |} == Fife == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1016877' | [[Buckhyne|Buckhynde]] | Buckhaven | Buckhyne | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q937842' | [[Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] | The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews | golf club | golf club |- class='wd_q1011984' | [[Stramiglae]] | Strathmiglo | Stramiglae | [[veelage]] | village |} == Glasgow City == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q13495014' | [[Crosshill|Croashull]] | Crosshill | Crosshill | destrict | district |- class='wd_q1966112' | [[Cruixtoun Castle]] | Crookston Castle | Cruixtoun Castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle | tower house<br/>archaeological site<br/>ringwork castle |- class='wd_q5600557' | [[Greater Glesga]] | Greater Glasgow | Greater Glesga | [[Urban area|urban aurie]] | urban area |- class='wd_q183161' | [[River Kelvin|Kelvin]] | River Kelvin | River Kelvin | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q3446028' | [[Royal Conservatoire of Scotland]] | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | Royal Conservatoire of Scotland | nan-profit organisation<br/>college or varsity schuil o muisic<br/>open-access publisher | nonprofit organization<br/>conservatory<br/>open-access publisher |- class='wd_q7592311' | [[St Aloysius' College, Glesga]] | St Aloysius' College | St Aloysius' College, Glesga | seicontary schuil<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Catholic school | secondary school<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Catholic school |- class='wd_q233283' | [[West Highland Line]] | West Highland Line | West Highland Line | railway line | railway line |} == Hieland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q2423015' | [[Argye]] | Ardgay | Argye | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1016920' | [[Dornach]] | Dornoch | Dornach | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q2464541' | [[Dunbeath]] | Dunbeath | Dunbeath | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1232135' | [[Far North Line]] | Far North Line | Far North Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q1426707' | [[Fort George, Hieland|Fort George]] | Fort George | Fort George, Hieland | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum | barracks<br/>fort<br/>military museum |- class='wd_q260405' | [[Glenelg]] | Glenelg | Glenelg | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q403657' | [[Great Glen]] | Great Glen | Great Glen | valley | valley |- class='wd_q160493' | [[Innerness]] | Inverness | Innerness | [[ceety]]<br/>large burgh | city<br/>large burgh |- class='wd_q939913' | [[Kyle o Lochalsh]] | Kyle of Lochalsh | Kyle o Lochalsh | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q586470' | [[Kyle of Lochalsh line]] | Kyle of Lochalsh Line | Kyle of Lochalsh line | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section | railway line<br/>ELR railway line section |- class='wd_q1018747' | [[Lochinver]] | Lochinver | Lochinver | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q3440681' | [[River Beauly]] | River Beauly | River Beauly | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337648' | [[River Nairn]] | River Nairn | River Nairn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q679476' | [[Scraibster]] | Scrabster | Scraibster | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q944987' | [[Shieldaig]] | Shieldaig | Shieldaig | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q19720' | [[River Spey|Spey]] | River Spey | River Spey | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q987766' | [[The Groats]] | John o' Groats | The Groats | human settlement | human settlement |} == Japan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q127864' | [[Chūgoku region]] | Chūgoku region | Chūgoku region | region of Japan<br/>stateestical region | region of Japan<br/>statistical territorial entity |- class='wd_q48326' | [[Iwate Prefectur]] | Iwate Prefecture | Iwate Prefectur | [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |- class='wd_q160420' | [[Saga Prefectur]] | Saga Prefecture | Saga Prefectur | [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]] | prefecture of Japan |} == Jeollabuk-do == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q50246' | [[Buan]] | Buan County | Buan | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |- class='wd_q42074' | [[Gunsan]] | Gunsan | Gunsan | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of South Korea | big city<br/>city of South Korea |- class='wd_q50242' | [[Muju]] | Muju County | Muju | coonty o Sooth Korea | county of South Korea |} == Manhattan == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q6523155' | [[Malcolm X Boulevard]] | Malcolm X Boulevard | Malcolm X Boulevard | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan | street<br/>north-south avenue in Manhattan |- class='wd_q11690' | [[Wall Street]] | Wall Street | Wall Street | street | street |- class='wd_q11235' | [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] | World Trade Center | World Trade Center (1973–2001) | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure | building complex<br/>destroyed building or structure |} == Maricopa County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q51686' | [[Peoria, Arizona|Peoria]] | Peoria | Peoria, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16556' | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] | Phoenix | Phoenix, Arizona | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city in Arizona | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city in Arizona |- class='wd_q51685' | [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]] | Tempe | Tempe, Arizona | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |} == Montgomery County == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q328941' | [[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]] | Clarksville | Clarksville, Tennessee | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q755844' | [[Potomac, Maryland|Potomac]] | Potomac | Potomac, Maryland | [[census-designated place]]<br/>unincorporatit commonty | census-designated place in the United States<br/>unincorporated community |- class='wd_q754646' | [[South Kensington, Maryland|South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington, Maryland | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States |} == Moray == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q1013606' | [[Burgheid]] | Burghead | Burgheid | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q5015800' | [[Cabrach]] | Cabrach | Cabrach | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q1969309' | [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]] | Cullen | Cullen, Moray | [[veelage]]<br/>small burgh | village<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q8313107' | [[River Aan]] | River Avon | River Aan | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7337598' | [[River Lossie]] | River Lossie | River Lossie | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7231712' | [[The Sloch]] | Portessie | The Sloch | [[veelage]] | village |} == New York Ceety == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q18419' | [[Brooklyn]] | Brooklyn | Brooklyn | borough o New York Ceety | borough of New York City |- class='wd_q18424' | [[Queens]] | Queens | Queens | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q18426' | [[The Bronx]] | The Bronx | The Bronx | borough o New York Ceety<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | borough of New York City<br/>consolidated city-county |} == Perth an Kinross == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5604307' | [[Greenloanin]] | Greenloaning | Greenloanin | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q1773123' | [[Rannoch Muir]] | Rannoch Moor | Rannoch Muir | territory | territory |- class='wd_q1277544' | [[River Earn]] | River Earn | River Earn | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1259288' | [[River Tummel]] | River Tummel | River Tummel | [[river]] | river |} == Roushie == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q7730' | [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]] | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[Autonomous oblasts o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous oblast of Russia |- class='wd_q649' | [[Moscow]] | Moscow | Moscow | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[Federal ceeties o Roushie]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>caipital o Roushie<br/>city or town<br/>largest city | federal subject of Russia<br/>megacity<br/>federal city of Russia<br/>big city<br/>capital of Russia<br/>city or town<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q6605' | [[Sakha Republic]] | Sakha | Sakha Republic | [[Republics o Roushie]]<br/>[[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]] | republic of Russia<br/>federal subject of Russia |} == Scotland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q806432' | [[Banffshire]] | Banffshire | Banffshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q627381' | [[Bank o Scotland|Bank of Scotland]] | Bank of Scotland | Bank o Scotland | [[bank]]<br/>private central bank | bank<br/>private central bank |- class='wd_q5566918' | [[Glasgow South Western Line]] | Glasgow South Western Line | Glasgow South Western Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q2269514' | [[Gàidhealtachd]] | Gàidhealtachd | Gàidhealtachd | linguistic region | linguistic region |- class='wd_q17582096' | [[Kirkcoubrieshire]] | Kirkcudbrightshire | Kirkcoubrieshire | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]<br/>[[Scots coonties]]<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom | lieutenancy area of Scotland<br/>shire of Scotland<br/>registration county<br/>historic county of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q3007259' | [[Scots cultur]] | culture of Scotland | Scots cultur | culture of an area | culture of an area |} == Shetland == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q4936401' | [[Boddam, Shetland|Boddam]] | Boddam | Boddam, Shetland | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q4979619' | [[Bruray]] | Bruray | Bruray | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1422297' | [[Ootsta|Out Stack]] | Out Stack | Ootsta | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q1014090' | [[Scallowa]] | Scalloway | Scallowa | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q782412' | [[Sullom Voe]] | Sullom Voe | Sullom Voe | inlet | inlet |} == Sooth Ayrshire == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q28970907' | [[Girvan Old railwey station]] | Girvan Old railway station | Girvan Old railwey station | railway station | railway station |- class='wd_q17265639' | [[Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church]] | Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan | Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church | [[kirk]] | church building |- class='wd_q7337828' | [[River Stinchar]] | River Stinchar | River Stinchar | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q7973560' | [[Watter o Girvan]] | Water of Girvan | Watter o Girvan | [[river]] | river |} == Unitit States == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q173' | [[Alabama]] | Alabama | Alabama | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1384' | [[New York]] | New York | New York | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |- class='wd_q1183' | [[Puerto Rico]] | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rico | Insular aurie<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporatit territory o the Unitit States<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>territory o the Unitit States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America | insular area of the United States<br/>commonwealth<br/>unincorporated territory of the United States<br/>political territorial entity<br/>territory of the United States<br/>cultural region<br/>Provincial deputation in Spanish America |- class='wd_q1456' | [[Sooth Carolina]] | South Carolina | Sooth Carolina | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state |} == Washington, D.C. == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q5303341' | [[Downtown, Washington, D.C.|Downtown]] | Downtown Washington | Downtown, Washington, D.C. | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q1468648' | [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]] | Georgetown | Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. | neighborhood of Washington, D.C. |- class='wd_q8033060' | [[Woodley Park]] | Woodley Park | Woodley Park | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district | neighborhood of Washington, D.C.<br/>historic district |} == Wast Lowden == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q810794' | [[Bathket]] | Bathgate | Bathket | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q1016707' | [[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]] | Blackburn | Blackburn, Wast Lowden | [[toun]] | town |- class='wd_q1009114' | [[Fauldhoose]] | Fauldhouse | Fauldhoose | [[veelage]] | village |} == Île-de-France == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q12543' | [[Hauts-de-Seine]] | Hauts-de-Seine | Hauts-de-Seine | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12753' | [[Seine-et-Marne]] | Seine-et-Marne | Seine-et-Marne | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12761' | [[Seine-Saint-Denis]] | Seine-Saint-Denis | Seine-Saint-Denis | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |- class='wd_q12784' | [[Val-d'Oise]] | Val-d'Oise | Val-d'Oise | [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]] | department of France |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit' ! ?item ! ?itemLabel ! ?article ! ?P31 ! ?P31Label |- class='wd_q8466' | [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | nan-profit organisation<br/>association fitbaa club | nonprofit organization<br/>association football club |- class='wd_q7584' | [[1832]] | 1832 | 1832 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q2083' | [[1914]] | 1914 | 1914 | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year | common year starting and ending on Thursday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q1769170' | [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 1985 World Snooker Championship | 1985 Warld Snooker Championship | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q1990' | [[2012]] | 2012 | 2012 | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year | leap year<br/>leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday<br/>calendar year |- class='wd_q9177257' | [[2013 Warld Snooker Championship]] | 2013 World Snooker Championship | 2013 Warld Snooker Championship | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | world championship<br/>snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q79859' | [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]] | 2014 FIFA World Cup | 2014 FIFA Warld Cup | sports season | sports season |- class='wd_q23365300' | [[2016 Brussels bombins]] | 2016 Brussels bombings | 2016 Brussels bombins | [[mass murther]]<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing | mass murder<br/>terrorist attack<br/>suicide bombing |- class='wd_q65069964' | [[2019 Champion o Champions]] | 2019 Champion of Champions | 2019 Champion o Champions | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q64341987' | [[2019 Riga Masters]] | 2019 Riga Masters | 2019 Riga Masters | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q60796047' | [[2019 UK Championship]] | 2019 UK Championship | 2019 UK Championship | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q66424302' | [[2019 Warld Open]] | 2019 World Open | 2019 Warld Open | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q98073118' | [[2020 Beirut explosions]] | 2020 Beirut explosions | 2020 Beirut explosions | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster | explosion<br/>industrial fire<br/>industrial disaster |- class='wd_q67123915' | [[2020 Breetish Grand Prix]] | 2020 British Grand Prix | 2020 Breetish Grand Prix | recurring sporting event edition | recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q95150550' | [[2020 Championship League]] | 2020 Championship League | 2020 Championship League | snooker tournament | snooker tournament |- class='wd_q60774824' | [[2020 Masters (snooker)]] | 2020 Masters | 2020 Masters (snooker) | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q67123908' | [[2020 Spaingie Grand Prix]] | 2020 Spanish Grand Prix | 2020 Spaingie Grand Prix | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic | sports season<br/>postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic |- class='wd_q22923830' | [[2020 Unitit States presidential election]] | 2020 United States presidential election | 2020 Unitit States presidential election | Unitit States presidential election | United States presidential election |- class='wd_q106086340' | [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League]] | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | 2022–23 UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League | edition of the UEFA Champions League |- class='wd_q2705' | [[24 December]] | December 24 | 24 December | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2820' | [[26 August]] | August 26 | 26 August | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2931' | [[3 October]] | October 3 | 3 October | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q2622' | [[5 Juin]] | June 5 | 5 Juin | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe | point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe |- class='wd_q638903' | [[5 October 1910 revolution]] | 5 October 1910 revolution | 5 October 1910 revolution | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état |- class='wd_q96088886' | [[70t Anniversary Grand Prix]] | 70th Anniversary Grand Prix | 70t Anniversary Grand Prix | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition | Formula One Grand Prix<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q278872' | [[A. L. Kennedy]] | A. L. Kennedy | A. L. Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9513' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170315' | [[Abbottabad]] | Abbottabad | Abbottabad | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>union council of Pakistan | city<br/>big city<br/>union council of Pakistan |- class='wd_q5111' | [[Abkhaz leid]] | Abkhaz | Abkhaz leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q273866' | [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] | Abolhassan Banisadr | Abolhassan Banisadr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q215833' | [[Abraham Joshua Heschel]] | Abraham Joshua Heschel | Abraham Joshua Heschel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q23357' | [[Abraham Maslow]] | Abraham Maslow | Abraham Maslow | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2821724' | [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q289168' | [[AC Cobra]] | AC Cobra | AC Cobra | car model | car model |- class='wd_q193481' | [[AC Sparta Prague]] | AC Sparta Prague | AC Sparta Prague | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | association football club<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q130955' | [[Acanthodii]] | Acanthodii | Acanthodii | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q25507' | [[Accept]] | Accept | Accept | muisic baund<br/>heavy metal band | musical group<br/>heavy metal band |- class='wd_q638202' | [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare]] | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q158785' | [[Acer campestre]] | Q158785 | Acer campestre | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156944' | [[Acer pseudoplatanus]] | Q156944 | Acer pseudoplatanus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q481907' | [[Acinonyx]] | Acinonyx | Acinonyx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38545' | [[Adana]] | Adana | Adana | [[ceety]]<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city | city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey<br/>large city |- class='wd_q190154' | [[addax]] | Addax nasomaculatus | Addax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q877127' | [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar|Admeenistrative diveesions o Burma]] | administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar | Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar | | |- class='wd_q203323' | [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine]] | administrative territorial entity of Ukraine | Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine | | |- class='wd_q378988' | [[Adult contemporary|adult contemporar muisic]] | adult contemporary music | Adult contemporary | [[muisic genre]]<br/>radio format | music genre<br/>radio format |- class='wd_q379393' | [[Advanced bylin watter reactor]] | advanced boiling water reactor | Advanced bylin watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q379573' | [[Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor]] | advanced gas-cooled reactor | Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor | | |- class='wd_q53093' | [[Adventure Time]] | Adventure Time | Adventure Time | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q21197880' | [[Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film)]] | Adventures in Babysitting | Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q49085' | [[African Americans|African American]] | African Americans | African Americans | [[ethnic group]]<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency | ethnic group<br/>ethnic community<br/>ethnic group by residency |- class='wd_q160042' | [[African buffalo]] | African buffalo | African buffalo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36557' | [[African bush elephant]] | African bush elephant | African bush elephant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192231' | [[African gowden cat]] | Profelis aurata | African gowden cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q328082' | [[Afrosoricida]] | Afrosoricida | Afrosoricida | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27399' | [[Afrotheria]] | Afrotheria | Afrotheria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2059513' | [[Agarak (clachan), Syunik|Agarak (veelage)]] | Agarak (village) | Agarak (clachan), Syunik | village in Armenia | village in Armenia |- class='wd_q390456' | [[Agaricus]] | Agaricus | Agaricus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q234529' | [[Agaricus campestris]] | Agaricus campestris | Agaricus campestris | [[taxon]]<br/>edible mushroom | taxon<br/>edible mushroom |- class='wd_q327538' | [[age o consent]] | age of consent | Age o consent | | |- class='wd_q133808' | [[Agustín de Iturbide]] | Agustín I of Mexico | Agustín de Iturbide | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46798' | [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] | Ahmed Shahe Durrani | Ahmad Shah Durrani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2715844' | [[aikraw]] | Lobaria scrobiculata | Aikraw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4697039' | [[Aileen Paterson]] | Aileen Paterson | Aileen Paterson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q264849' | [[Aileen Wuornos]] | Aileen Wuornos | Aileen Wuornos | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6475' | [[Airbus A320 faimily]] | Airbus A320 family | Airbus A320 faimily | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6478' | [[Airbus A330]] | Airbus A330 | Airbus A330 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q23498' | [[airchaeology]] | archaeology | Airchaeology | academic major<br/>academic discipline | academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1063287' | [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie]] | Saudi Arabian Armed Forces | Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie | armed forces | armed forces |- class='wd_q47059' | [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] | Aishwarya Rai | Aishwarya Rai Bachchan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q169527' | [[Ajax]] | Ajax | Ajax | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q506658' | [[Ajloun Govrenorate]] | Ajloun Governorate | Ajloun Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q472753' | [[Akhal-Teke]] | Akhal-Teke | Akhal-Teke | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q1872285' | [[Akita]] | Akita | Akita | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q485056' | [[Akmola Region|Akmola Province]] | Akmola Region | Akmola Region | [[Regions o Kazakhstan]] | region of Kazakhstan |- class='wd_q1046645' | [[Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait)|Al Asimah Govrenorate]] | Capital Governorate | Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait) | [[govrenorates o Kuwait]] | governorate of Kuwait |- class='wd_q32841' | [[Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict]] | Jabal al Akhdar | Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict | [[Destricts o Libie]] | district of Libya |- class='wd_q559599' | [[Al Stewart]] | Al Stewart | Al Stewart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12192963' | [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] | Al-Aqsa Mosque | Al-Aqsa Mosque | [[mosque]]<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place | mosque<br/>musalla<br/>congregational mosque<br/>sacred place |- class='wd_q311336' | [[Al-Awja]] | Al-Awja | Al-Awja | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q34490' | [[Al-Qaeda]] | Al-Qaeda | Al-Qaeda | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q575774' | [[Al-Safira]] | Al-Safira | Al-Safira | [[ceety]]<br/>[[veelage]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>village<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q215518' | [[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]] | Aladdin | Aladdin (1992 Disney film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q4707841' | [[Alan Stewart o Darnley]] | Alan Stewart of Darnley | Alan Stewart o Darnley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209496' | [[Alawites]] | Alawites | Alawites | sect<br/>religious group | sect<br/>religious group |- class='wd_q937' | [[Albert Einstein]] | Albert Einstein | Albert Einstein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35517' | [[Alces alces]] | moose | Alces alces | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205972' | [[alcohol intoxication]] | alcohol intoxication | Alcohol intoxication | | |- class='wd_q156' | [[Alcohol|alcohols]] | alcohols | Alcohol | structural class of chemical entities | structural class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q3610674' | [[Alex Gray]] | Alex Gray | Alex Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37064' | [[Alexander Fleming]] | Alexander Fleming | Alexander Fleming | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34286' | [[Alexander Graham Bell]] | Alexander Graham Bell | Alexander Graham Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207384' | [[Alexander I o Yugoslavie]] | Alexander I of Yugoslavia | Alexander I o Yugoslavie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4302000' | [[Alexander Montgomerie]] | Alexander Montgomerie | Alexander Montgomerie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q620732' | [[Alexander Tarasov]] | Alexander Tarasov | Alexander Tarasov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q38337' | [[Alexandre Dumas]] | Alexandre Dumas | Alexandre Dumas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188128' | [[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]] | Alexei Abrikosov | Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183372' | [[Alfred North Whitehead]] | Alfred North Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4723711' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q2466508' | [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton]] | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton | canton of Ecuador | canton of Ecuador |- class='wd_q2090350' | [[Ali Dilem]] | Ali Dilem | Ali Dilem | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q468523' | [[Ali Smith]] | Ali Smith | Ali Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q257106' | [[alicreesh]] | liquorice | Alicreesh | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4727053' | [[Alison Cockburn]] | Alison Cockburn | Alison Cockburn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19563' | [[Alkaline yird metal]] | alkaline earth metal | Alkaline yird metal | group<br/>main group | group<br/>main group |- class='wd_q162442' | [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]] | Prayagraj | Prayagraj | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q81564' | [[alpaca]] | alpaca | Alpaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58430' | [[Alternator]] | alternator | Alternator | | |- class='wd_q663' | [[Alumeenium|aluminium]] | aluminium | Alumeenium | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>lithophile element | chemical element<br/>lithophile element |- class='wd_q11081' | [[Alzheimer's tribble|Alzheimer's disease]] | Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's tribble | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q80563' | [[Amalfi]] | Amalfi | Amalfi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q454135' | [[Amanda Sandrelli]] | Amanda Sandrelli | Amanda Sandrelli | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213938' | [[Amanita]] | Amanita | Amanita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q574014' | [[Amaro Pargo]] | Amaro Rodríguez Felipe | Amaro Pargo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10732549' | [[Amealco de Bonfil]] | Amealco de Bonfil Municipality | Amealco de Bonfil | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q82728' | [[American bison]] | American bison | American bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q122783' | [[American black beir]] | American black bear | American black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q228002' | [[Ammonoidea]] | Ammonoidea | Ammonoidea | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q161568' | [[Ammophila arenaria]] | Ammophila arenaria | Ammophila arenaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48403' | [[Amritsar]] | Amritsar | Amritsar | [[metropolis]] | metropolis |- class='wd_q36216' | [[An Nawfaliyah]] | Nofaliya | An Nawfaliyah | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q161153' | [[Anacamptis morio]] | Anacamptis morio | Anacamptis morio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q214264' | [[Anas]] | Anas | Anas | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q489798' | [[Andalusie horse]] | Andalusian horse | Andalusie horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q170598' | [[Andean condor]] | Andean Condor | Andean condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4756563' | [[Andrew Carruthers]] | Andrew Carruthers | Andrew Carruthers | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60969158' | [[Halloween Howls|Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music]] | Andrew Gold's Halloween Howls – Fun & Scary Music | Halloween Howls | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q472725' | [[Andrew Moray]] | Andrew Moray | Andrew Moray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q153330' | [[Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor]] | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q506425' | [[Andrew Murray (Scots sodger)|Andrew Murray]] | Sir Andrew Murray | Andrew Murray (Scots sodger) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q318508' | [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] | Q318508 | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10125' | [[Andy Murray]] | Andy Murray | Andy Murray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4761361' | [[Andy Stewart (muisicker)|Andy Stewart]] | Andy Stewart | Andy Stewart (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q769218' | [[Ang Mey]] | Ang Mey | Ang Mey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34351359' | [[Angela Haggerty]] | Angela Haggerty | Angela Haggerty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q219666' | [[Angelica]] | Angelica | Angelica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23893984' | [[Angelique Rockas]] | Angelique Rockas | Angelique Rockas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q916' | [[Angola|Angolae]] | Angola | Angola | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q128685' | [[Eel|Anguilliformes]] | Anguilliformes | Eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q355392' | [[Angus Macfadyen]] | Angus Macfadyen | Angus Macfadyen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q729' | [[Animals|animal]] | animal | Animals | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>first-order class |- class='wd_q180439' | [[Ankh]] | ankh | Ankh | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry | hieroglyph<br/>crosses in heraldry |- class='wd_q25522' | [[Annelid]] | Annelida | Annelid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2851506' | [[Annette Crosbie]] | Annette Crosbie | Annette Crosbie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3736616' | [[Annobón Province]] | Annobón Province | Annobón Province | [[Provinces o Equatorial Guinea]] | province of Equatorial Guinea |- class='wd_q37395' | [[Anomalocaris]] | Anomalocaris | Anomalocaris | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q573246' | [[Anthony Fauci]] | Anthony Fauci | Anthony Fauci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192718' | [[Anthony James Leggett]] | Anthony James Leggett | Anthony James Leggett | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q143313' | [[Anthus trivialis]] | Tree Pipit | Anthus trivialis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5685' | [[Anton Chekhov]] | Anton Chekhov | Anton Chekhov | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429' | [[Antoninus Pius]] | Antoninus Pius | Antoninus Pius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4351768' | [[Antti Puhakka]] | Antti Puhakka | Antti Puhakka | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q497' | [[anus]] | anus | Anus | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q615767' | [[Aokigahara]] | Aokigahara | Aokigahara | [[forest]] | forest |- class='wd_q173756' | [[Apocynaceae]] | Q173756 | Apocynaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25950' | [[Apodiformes]] | Apodiformes | Apodiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148929' | [[Aquilegia vulgaris]] | columbine | Aquilegia vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q35323' | [[Arabs]] | Arabs | Arabs | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q48227' | [[Araceae]] | Araceae | Araceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2356261' | [[Aram Asatryan]] | Aram Asatryan | Aram Asatryan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12084' | [[Araneomorphae]] | Q12084 | Araneomorphae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q82738' | [[Arctic tod]] | Arctic fox | Arctic tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15043775' | [[Arctiidae]] | Arctiidae | Arctiidae | [[taxon]]<br/>synonym | taxon<br/>synonym |- class='wd_q414' | [[Argenteinie]] | Argentina | Argenteinie | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>nation<br/>sovereign state<br/>confessional state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q496548' | [[Argentine Fitbaw Association|Argentine Fitbaa Association]] | Argentine Football Association | Argentine Fitbaw Association | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>national sports governing body |- class='wd_q4792148' | [[Arlene Foster]] | Arlene Foster | Arlene Foster | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q15771' | [[Armavir, Armenie|Armavir]] | Armavir | Armavir, Armenie | city or town in Armenia | city or town in Armenia |- class='wd_q68880' | [[Arminius]] | Arminius | Arminius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q77078' | [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] | Arnold Sommerfeld | Arnold Sommerfeld | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q258528' | [[Arsames]] | Arsames | Arsames | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q35610' | [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] | Arthur Conan Doyle | Arthur Conan Doyle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80596' | [[Arthur Miller]] | Arthur Miller | Arthur Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178182' | [[Asgard]] | Asgard | Asgard | Norse mythical location | Norse mythical location |- class='wd_q528983' | [[Ashley Williams]] | Ashley Williams | Ashley Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182347' | [[Asiatic lion]] | Asiatic lion | Asiatic lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124410' | [[Aisien black beir|Asie black beir]] | Ursus thibetanus | Aisien black beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q648422' | [[Asio]] | Asio | Asio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25769' | [[Asio flammeus]] | Short-eared Owl | Asio flammeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26229' | [[Asparagales]] | Asparagales | Asparagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28367' | [[Asparagus]] | Asparagus officinalis | Asparagus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178450' | [[Aspartic acid]] | L-aspartic acid | Aspartic acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q161790' | [[Asperger syndrome]] | Asperger syndrome | Asperger syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q18216' | [[Aspirin]] | aspirin | Aspirin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q517130' | [[Aster (genus)|Aster]] | Aster | Aster (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25400' | [[Asteraceae]] | Asteraceae | Asteraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21730' | [[Asterales]] | Q21730 | Asterales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q747502' | [[Asterids]] | Q747502 | Asterids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q157184' | [[Astragalus]] | Astragalus | Astragalus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2483481' | [[Asunción Nochixtlán]] | Asunción Nochixtlán | Asunción Nochixtlán | locality of Mexico | locality of Mexico |- class='wd_q203263' | [[Athens, Georgie|Athens]] | Athens | Athens, Georgie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Georgia | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q9121' | [[atom]] | atom | Atom | | |- class='wd_q23809' | [[atomic nummer]] | atomic number | Atomic nummer | | |- class='wd_q758559' | [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]] | Auburn Hills | Auburn Hills, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q8018' | [[Augustinus]] | Augustine of Hippo | Augustinus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1136674' | [[Auld San Juan]] | Old San Juan Historic District | Auld San Juan | neighbourhuid<br/>[[Auld Toun]]<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district | neighborhood<br/>old town<br/>fortified town<br/>historic district |- class='wd_q676050' | [[Auld Toun]] | old town | Auld Toun | | |- class='wd_q182968' | [[Auld Warld pug]] | Q182968 | Auld Warld pug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26864' | [[Aurelia aurita]] | Aurelia aurita | Aurelia aurita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q168903' | [[aurochs]] | aurochs | Aurochs | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q28513' | [[Austrick-Hungary]] | Austria–Hungary | Austrick-Hungary | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q6229' | [[authoritarianism]] | authoritarianism | Authoritarianism | [[poleetical seestem]]<br/>form o rule<br/>poleetical ideology | political system<br/>form of government<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q5386' | [[auto racin]] | auto racing | Auto racin | type o sport<br/>sports discipline | type of sport<br/>sports discipline |- class='wd_q41482' | [[autopsy]] | autopsy | Autopsy | | |- class='wd_q39837' | [[Averroes]] | Averroes | Averroes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37153' | [[Avocado]] | Persea americana | Avocado | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43056' | [[Axis pouers|Axis]] | Axis Powers | Axis pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q22718' | [[axolotl]] | axolotl | Axolotl | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q186778' | [[aye-aye]] | aye-aye | Aye-aye | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q221503' | [[Az Zawiyah]] | Zawiya | Az Zawiyah | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya | human settlement<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q3091454' | [[Azerbaijan Athletics Federation]] | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | Azerbaijan Athletics Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q3741152' | [[Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation]] | Azerbaijan Basketball Federation | Azerbaijan Basketbaw Federation | sport govrenin body | sports governing body |- class='wd_q211370' | [[Baabda Destrict]] | Baabda District | Baabda Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q10876' | [[bacteria]] | Bacteria | Bacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15468' | [[Badalona]] | Badalona | Badalona | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q188130' | [[Baiji]] | baiji | Baiji | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7569' | [[bairn]] | child | Bairn | population group<br/>class of human | population group<br/>class of human |- class='wd_q4412334' | [[Bakunawa]] | Bakunawa | Bakunawa | meethological serpent | mythological serpent |- class='wd_q39731' | [[Baltic states]] | Baltic states | Baltic states | geographic region<br/>triad | region<br/>triad |- class='wd_q5092' | [[Baltimore]] | Baltimore | Baltimore | independent ceety | independent city in the United States |- class='wd_q806273' | [[Bandarban Destrict]] | Bandarban District | Bandarban Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q1355' | [[Bangalore]] | Bengaluru | Bangalore | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q1861' | [[Bangkok]] | Bangkok | Bangkok | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>special administrative area of Thailand<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q130774' | [[banner o Argentinae]] | flag of Argentina | Banner o Argentinae | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q160872' | [[Banner o Chile]] | Flag of Chile | Banner o Chile | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q163008' | [[Banner o Cuba]] | flag of Cuba | Banner o Cuba | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q30768' | [[Banner o East Timor]] | flag of East Timor | Banner o East Timor | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q122482' | [[Banner o Europe]] | flag of Europe | Banner o Europe | flag design | flag design |- class='wd_q47891' | [[Banner o Finland]] | flag of Finland | Banner o Finland | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q26491' | [[Banner o Georgie (kintra)|Banner o Georgie]] | flag of Georgia | Banner o Georgie (kintra) | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q48160' | [[Banner o Germany]] | flag of Germany | Banner o Germany | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q168935' | [[Banner o Malaysie]] | flag of Malaysia | Banner o Malaysie | flag<br/>national flag | flag<br/>national flag |- class='wd_q159865' | [[Banner o Morocco]] | flag of Morocco | Banner o Morocco | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q5456793' | [[Banner o North Vietnam]] | flag of North Vietnam | Banner o North Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q81286' | [[Banner o Swaden]] | flag of Sweden | Banner o Swaden | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q483774' | [[Banner o Uzbekistan]] | flag of Uzbekistan | Banner o Uzbekistan | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q131204' | [[Banner o Vietnam]] | flag of Vietnam | Banner o Vietnam | national flag | national flag |- class='wd_q183035' | [[Banteng]] | Bos javanicus | Banteng | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q790949' | [[Bartholin's gland]] | Bartholin's gland | Bartholin's gland | class of anatomical entity | class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q1172126' | [[Basil Spence]] | Basil Spence | Basil Spence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46185' | [[bass guitar]] | bass guitar | Bass guitar | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q2575960' | [[Battle o Carham]] | Battle of Carham | Battle o Carham | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q151340' | [[Battle o Fraunce]] | Battle of France | Battle o Fraunce | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q179670' | [[Battle o Gaugamela]] | Battle of Gaugamela | Battle o Gaugamela | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q4871281' | [[Battle o Innerurie (1308)|Battle o Innerurie]] | Battle of Inverurie | Battle o Innerurie (1308) | [[battle]] | battle |- class='wd_q127216' | [[Bauld eagle]] | bald eagle | Bauld eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45422' | [[baurm]] | yeast | Baurm | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q104761' | [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | Bayer 04 Leverkusen | association fitbaa club<br/>professional sports team | association football club<br/>professional sports team |- class='wd_q41890' | [[Bayswater]] | Bayswater | Bayswater | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q179673' | [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]] | Beauty and the Beast | Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q81856' | [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] | Beaverton | Beaverton, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q813884' | [[Bedford RL]] | Bedford RL | Bedford RL | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q507235' | [[Bedford Vehicles]] | Bedford Vehicles | Bedford Vehicles | commercial vehicle manufacturer | commercial vehicle manufacturer |- class='wd_q217778' | [[Bishop's weed|beeshop's weed]] | Aegopodium podagraria | Bishop's weed | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158617' | [[Begonia]] | Begonia | Begonia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q956' | [[Beijing]] | Beijing | Beijing | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>national central city<br/>Direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>national central city<br/>direct-administered municipality<br/>big city<br/>national capital<br/>former national capital |- class='wd_q11788' | [[beir]] | Ursidae | Beir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25376' | [[Beld-cuit|beld pout]] | Common Coot | Beld-cuit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q896476' | [[Belgian horse]] | Belgian Draught | Belgian horse | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q31' | [[Belgium]] | Belgium | Belgium | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q2631905' | [[Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom]] | Ben and Holly's Little Kingdom | Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q342617' | [[Ben Whishaw]] | Ben Whishaw | Ben Whishaw | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3329808' | [[Benedict Wong]] | Benedict Wong | Benedict Wong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80952' | [[Bengal teeger]] | Bengal tiger | Bengal teeger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48328' | [[Beowulf]] | Beowulf | Beowulf | epic poem | epic poem |- class='wd_q158563' | [[Berberis vulgaris]] | Berberis vulgaris | Berberis vulgaris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q64' | [[Berlin]] | Berlin | Berlin | city-state<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>[[States o Germany|federatit state o Germany]]<br/>seat o govrenment<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin | city-state<br/>metropolis<br/>federal capital<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>federated state of Germany<br/>seat of government<br/>Unitary municipality in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>largest city<br/>town divided by border<br/>independent city in Berlin |- class='wd_q961874' | [[Bernabé Ferreyra]] | Bernabé Ferreyra | Bernabé Ferreyra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16532287' | [[Betacoronavirus]] | Betacoronavirus | Betacoronavirus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q159532' | [[betel]] | betel | Betel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4164940' | [[Betta]] | Betta | Betta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190631' | [[Bette Midler]] | Bette Midler | Bette Midler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156895' | [[Betula pendula]] | Q156895 | Betula pendula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3707847' | [[Beukkeepin]] | bookkeeping | Beukkeepin | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q172567' | [[Beşiktaş J.K.]] | Beşiktaş J.K. | Beşiktaş J.K. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q166788' | [[biathlon]] | biathlon | Biathlon | type o sport<br/>Olympic sport | type of sport<br/>Olympic sport |- class='wd_q25485' | [[big ox-ee]] | great tit | Big ox-ee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1124' | [[Bill Clinton]] | Bill Clinton | Bill Clinton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2619019' | [[Bill Nye]] | Bill Nye | Bill Nye | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151113' | [[Billie Piper]] | Billie Piper | Billie Piper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5113' | [[Bird|birds]] | bird | Bird | [[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q19444' | [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham Ceety F.C.]] | Birmingham City F.C. | Birmingham City F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q727096' | [[birth defect]] | congenital disorder | Birth defect | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q18099' | [[bison]] | Bison | Bison | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147096' | [[bitter oranger]] | Citrus × aurantium | Bitter oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25368' | [[Bivalvia]] | Q25368 | Bivalvia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147701' | [[Bixa orellana]] | Bixa orellana | Bixa orellana | [[taxon]]<br/>material | taxon<br/>material |- class='wd_q104506' | [[Björn Borg]] | Björn Borg | Björn Borg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q879748' | [[Björn Strid]] | Björn Strid | Björn Strid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q95036' | [[black rhinoceros]] | Diceros bicornis | Black rhinoceros | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183339' | [[blackbuck]] | Antilope cervicapra | Blackbuck | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6934' | [[Blagoveshchensk]] | Blagoveshchensk | Blagoveshchensk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q217291' | [[Blanford's tod]] | Blanford's fox | Blanford's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25309' | [[Blattodea]] | Q25309 | Blattodea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23445' | [[Black|bleck]] | black | Black | primary colour<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors | primary color<br/>HTML4 named color<br/>safest web colors |- class='wd_q199758' | [[Blue jay]] | Blue Jay | Blue jay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42196' | [[Blue whaul]] | Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whaul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205477' | [[blue-an-yellae macaw]] | Blue-and-yellow Macaw | Blue-an-yellae macaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25404' | [[blue-bunnet]] | Eurasian blue tit | Blue-bunnet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27989' | [[bluebell]] | Campanula rotundifolia | Bluebell | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q853286' | [[Bluebird]] | Sialia | Bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25709' | [[Bluiter]] | Eurasian Bittern | Bluiter | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q215388' | [[Boa constrictor]] | Boa constrictor | Boa constrictor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q444752' | [[Boa Sr.]] | Boa Sr. | Boa Sr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q35872' | [[boat]] | boat | Boat | boat type | boat type |- class='wd_q121615' | [[Bobby Sands]] | Bobby Sands | Bobby Sands | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131907' | [[bobcat]] | bobcat | Bobcat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6394' | [[Boeing 707]] | Boeing 707 | Boeing 707 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6387' | [[Boeing 737]] | Boeing 737 | Boeing 737 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q179' | [[Boeing 747]] | Boeing 747 | Boeing 747 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6418' | [[Boeing 757]] | Boeing 757 | Boeing 757 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q6423' | [[Boeing 767]] | Boeing 767 | Boeing 767 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q26431' | [[bog gled]] | Western Marsh Harrier | Bog gled | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q181969' | [[Bohai Sea]] | Bohai Sea | Bohai Sea | marginal sea | marginal sea |- class='wd_q179172' | [[Bojan Krkić]] | Bojan Krkić | Bojan Krkić | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134747' | [[Bombyx mori]] | Bombyx mori | Bombyx mori | [[taxon]]<br/>silkworm | taxon<br/>silkworm |- class='wd_q19537' | [[bonobo]] | Bonobo | Bonobo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207760' | [[Badock|Bonxie]] | Great Skua | Badock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147075' | [[borage]] | borage | Borage | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26568' | [[Boraginaceae]] | Boraginaceae | Boraginaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q500857' | [[Borassus flabellifer]] | Borassus flabellifer | Borassus flabellifer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5319' | [[borax]] | borax | Borax | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q187045' | [[boric acid]] | orthoboric acid | Boric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q80958' | [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas]] | Botafogo F.R. | Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q184634' | [[Boudica]] | Boudica | Boudica | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2167872' | [[Body hair|bouk hair]] | androgenic hair | Body hair | | |- class='wd_q25497' | [[bovid]] | Q25497 | Bovid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4979192' | [[Bovinae]] | Bovinae | Bovinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38496' | [[Boxer (dug)|Boxer]] | Boxer | Boxer (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q205707' | [[Bradley Cooper]] | Bradley Cooper | Bradley Cooper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q487367' | [[Braeburn]] | Braeburn | Braeburn | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar | chance seedling<br/>apple cultivar |- class='wd_q58677' | [[Brassica]] | Brassica | Brassica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156888' | [[Brassicaceae]] | Brassicaceae | Brassicaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185086' | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies | Croun dependencies | territory | territory |- class='wd_q842438' | [[Breetish fowk]] | British | Breetish fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q4869954' | [[Breetish monarchs]] | list of British monarchs | Breetish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39782' | [[Bress]] | brass | Bress | | |- class='wd_q3644573' | [[Brig o Dee (brig)|Brig o Dee]] | Bridge of Dee | Brig o Dee (brig) | road brig<br/>stone arch bridge | road bridge<br/>stone arch bridge |- class='wd_q4975727' | [[Brithers' Circle]] | Brothers’ Circle | Brithers' Circle | organized crime group | organized crime group |- class='wd_q4970755' | [[British Rail Class 22]] | British Rail Class 22 | British Rail Class 22 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q920223' | [[British Steel (1967–1999)|British Steel]] | British Steel | British Steel (1967–1999) | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q4975856' | [[Brochtoun]] | Broughtown | Brochtoun | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q156529' | [[Bromeliaceae]] | Bromeliaceae | Bromeliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232278' | [[Brookesia micra]] | Brookesia micra | Brookesia micra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148134' | [[Bryozoa]] | Q148134 | Bryozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q850563' | [[Bubble Guppies]] | Bubble Guppies | Bubble Guppies | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q639022' | [[Bufo]] | Bufo | Bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146375' | [[Bufo bufo]] | common toad | Bufo bufo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q193250' | [[Bulawayo]] | Bulawayo | Bulawayo | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q134091' | [[Bulbophyllum]] | Bulbophyllum | Bulbophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q12495' | [[Burj Khalifa]] | Burj Khalifa | Burj Khalifa | skyscraper<br/>laundmark | skyscraper<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q836' | [[Myanmar|Burma]] | Myanmar | Myanmar | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q26691' | [[burrian]] | Red-throated Diver | Burrian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191737' | [[buss dug]] | Speothos venaticus | Buss dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45024346' | [[Bute witches]] | Bute witches | Bute witches | group o humans | group of humans |- class='wd_q30325551' | [[Butterbean's Café]] | Butterbean's Café | Butterbean's Café | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q173532' | [[Byblos]] | Byblos | Byblos | [[ceety]]<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site | city<br/>city-state<br/>human settlement<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q503321' | [[C.D. Guadalajara]] | C.D. Guadalajara | C.D. Guadalajara | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q35051' | [[cabbitch]] | Brassica oleracea var. capitata | Cabbitch | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5015361' | [[Caberfeidh]] | Caberfeidh | Caberfeidh | shinty team | shinty team |- class='wd_q4758' | [[Caecilian]] | Caecilian | Caecilian | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q91703' | [[Caenorhabditis elegans]] | Caenorhabditis elegans | Caenorhabditis elegans | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q428145' | [[Caledonian Sleeper]] | Caledonian Sleeper | Caledonian Sleeper | night train<br/>named passenger train service | night train<br/>named passenger train service |- class='wd_q194314' | [[Californie condor]] | California condor | Californie condor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q132895' | [[Callionymus lyra]] | Common dragonet | Callionymus lyra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147192' | [[Caltha palustris]] | Caltha palustris | Caltha palustris | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q138367' | [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] | Camden | Camden, New Jersey | coonty seat<br/>ceety in New Jersey | county seat<br/>city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q101815' | [[Camellia sinensis]] | Camellia sinensis | Camellia sinensis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155802' | [[Campanulaceae]] | Campanulaceae | Campanulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13707' | [[camshaft]] | camshaft | Camshaft | | |- class='wd_q12078' | [[cancer]] | cancer | Cancer | [[Dishailth|disease]]<br/>heal problem<br/>type of disease | disease<br/>health problem<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q5031643' | [[Candelaria, Nevada|Candelaria]] | Candelaria | Candelaria, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q558181' | [[CANDU reactor]] | CANDU reactor | CANDU reactor | Nuclear reactor | nuclear reactor |- class='wd_q25324' | [[Canidae]] | Canidae | Canidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2845' | [[Cannabis (drog)|cannabis]] | cannabis | Cannabis (drog) | [[drog]] | drug |- class='wd_q79817' | [[Cannabis]] | Cannabis | Cannabis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16572' | [[Guangzhou|Canton]] | Guangzhou | Guangzhou | megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>sub-province-level diveesion<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>sub-province-level division<br/>prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q12755' | [[Canton o Jura]] | Canton of Jura | Canton o Jura | canton o Swisserland<br/>constituent state | canton of Switzerland<br/>federated state |- class='wd_q272933' | [[Cape tod]] | Vulpes chama | Cape tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129059' | [[Capercailzie]] | Western capercaillie | Capercailzie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179544' | [[Capetian dynasty]] | Capetian dynasty | Capetian dynasty | dynasty<br/>noble faimily | dynasty<br/>noble family |- class='wd_q172923' | [[Capra (genus)|Capra]] | Capra | Capra (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26125' | [[Caprimulgiformes]] | Caprimulgiformes | Caprimulgiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26717' | [[Caprimulgus europaeus]] | European Nightjar | Caprimulgus europaeus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201959' | [[Capsicum]] | Capsicum | Capsicum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1380' | [[Capsicum annuum]] | Capsicum annuum | Capsicum annuum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30847' | [[Caracal]] | caracal | Caracal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q623' | [[Caurbon|carbon]] | carbon | Caurbon | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>atmophile element | chemical element<br/>atmophile element |- class='wd_q158501' | [[Carex]] | Carex | Carex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287793' | [[Carl Reiner]] | Carl Reiner | Carl Reiner | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158874' | [[Carlos I o Portugal]] | Carlos I of Portugal | Carlos I o Portugal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170419' | [[Carlos Slim]] | Carlos Slim | Carlos Slim | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q204089' | [[Carlos Valderrama]] | Carlos Valderrama | Carlos Valderrama | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25306' | [[Carnivora]] | Carnivora | Carnivora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q237994' | [[Carol Ann Duffy]] | Carol Ann Duffy | Carol Ann Duffy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q207739' | [[Carole Lombard]] | Carole Lombard | Carole Lombard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577227' | [[Caroline Nokes]] | Caroline Nokes | Caroline Nokes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q81' | [[carrot]] | carrot | Carrot | food crop<br/>type of vegetable | food crop<br/>type of vegetable |- class='wd_q729304' | [[Carthage, Missouri|Carthage]] | Carthage | Carthage, Missouri | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q111840' | [[Carwyn Jones]] | Carwyn Jones | Carwyn Jones | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25995' | [[Caryophyllaceae]] | Caryophyllaceae | Caryophyllaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1046446' | [[Casa Loma]] | Casa Loma | Casa Loma | villa<br/>historic house museum | villa<br/>historic house museum |- class='wd_q83124' | [[cassava]] | cassava | Cassava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1049507' | [[Castle Semple Loch]] | Castle Semple Loch | Castle Semple Loch | [[loch]] | lake |- class='wd_q146' | [[cat]] | cat | Cat | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q3883' | [[Catanzaro]] | Catanzaro | Catanzaro | [[ceety]]<br/>comune o Italy | city<br/>comune of Italy |- class='wd_q9943415' | [[:Category:Fermstockin]] | Category:Livestock | Category:Fermstockin | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q7973620' | [[:Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie]] | Category:Urban-type settlements in Russia | Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie | [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]] | Wikimedia category |- class='wd_q105667' | [[Catherine Ashton]] | Catherine Ashton | Catherine Ashton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17149' | [[Catshairk]] | Q17149 | Catshairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7537' | [[cauliflouer]] | Brassica oleracea var. botrytis | Cauliflouer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q210516' | [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|ceety in Serbie]] | list of cities in Serbia | Leet o ceeties in Serbie | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q23311' | [[Ceety o Lunnon]] | City of London | Ceety o Lunnon | ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status<br/>city of the United Kingdom | ceremonial county of England<br/>central business district<br/>financial center<br/>unparished area<br/>district of the United Kingdom<br/>district with city status<br/>city of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q138617' | [[Ceiba pentandra]] | Ceiba pentandra | Ceiba pentandra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23012379' | [[Celery]] | celery | Celery | | |- class='wd_q6002' | [[Pro12|Celtic League]] | United Rugby Championship | Pro12 | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition | professional sports league<br/>rugby union competition |- class='wd_q498162' | [[census-designated place]] | census-designated place in the United States | Census-designated place | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>type of place | administrative territorial entity<br/>type of place |- class='wd_q929' | [[Central African Republic]] | Central African Republic | Central African Republic | [[kintra]]<br/>[[republic]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>republic<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q152283' | [[Central Pouers]] | Central Powers | Central Pouers | military alliance | military alliance |- class='wd_q504320' | [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion]] | Centurion | Centurion (tank) | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q123252' | [[Cephalochordate|Cephalochordata]] | Cephalochordata | Cephalochordate | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q130902' | [[Ceratosaurus]] | Ceratosaurus | Ceratosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q12117' | [[cereal]] | cereal | Cereal | group or class of agricultural products | group or class of agricultural products |- class='wd_q131340' | [[chamois]] | chamois | Chamois | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2088394' | [[Chandi]] | Chandi | Chandi | Devi<br/>form of Parvati | Devi<br/>form of Parvati |- class='wd_q451727' | [[Charles Bell]] | Charles Bell | Charles Bell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5686' | [[Charles Dickens]] | Charles Dickens | Charles Dickens | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q333452' | [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]] | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80321126' | [[Charles W Gray]] | Charles W Gray | Charles W Gray | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q123026' | [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] | Charles Édouard Guillaume | Charles Édouard Guillaume | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37785' | [[Charlotte's Web (1973 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (1973 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q45735' | [[Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q213773' | [[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]] | Charlotte's Web | Charlotte's Web (2006 film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q83161' | [[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]] | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6604' | [[Charon (muin)|Charon]] | Charon | Charon (muin) | moon of Pluto | moon of Pluto |- class='wd_q38646266' | [[Chayote]] | Sicyos edulis | Chayote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q902623' | [[ChEBI]] | ChEBI | ChEBI | chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>domain ontology<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource | chemical database<br/>biological database<br/>domain ontology<br/>OBO Foundry ontology<br/>ELIXIR Core Data Resource |- class='wd_q194422' | [[Chinee alligator|Cheenese alligator]] | Chinese alligator | Chinee alligator | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8201' | [[Cheenese chairacter]] | Chinese characters | Cheenese chairacter | [[writin seestem]]<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system | writing system<br/>logographic writing system<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q10876842' | [[Cheenese cuisine]] | Chinese cuisine | Cheenese cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q1074195' | [[Chinee goral|Cheenese goral]] | Chinese goral | Chinee goral | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23907' | [[cheetah]] | cheetah | Cheetah | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156807' | [[Chelidonium]] | Chelidonium majus | Chelidonium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1069352' | [[Chemin des Révoires]] | Chemin des Révoires | Chemin des Révoires | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>footpath<br/>path | mountain<br/>footpath<br/>path |- class='wd_q2795' | [[Chemnitz]] | Chemnitz | Chemnitz | major regional center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony | major regional center<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>urban district in Saxony |- class='wd_q181369' | [[Chen-Ning Yang]] | Chen-ning Yang | Chen-Ning Yang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12003' | [[Cher]] | Cher | Cher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192457' | [[Cherenkov radiation]] | Cherenkov radiation | Cherenkov radiation | phenomenon | phenomenon |- class='wd_q157053' | [[Chernihiv]] | Chernihiv | Chernihiv | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q33273' | [[Chewa leid]] | Chewa | Chewa leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q298' | [[Chile]] | Chile | Chile | [[kintra]]<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic | country<br/>nation<br/>transcontinental country<br/>sovereign state<br/>democratic republic |- class='wd_q14081' | [[Chimborazo (volcano)|Chimborazo]] | Chimborazo | Chimborazo (volcano) | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q192930' | [[Chinchilla]] | Chinchilla | Chinchilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5100937' | [[Chinese spirit possession]] | Chinese spirit possession | Chinese spirit possession | | |- class='wd_q10915' | [[Chordate|chordates]] | Q10915 | Chordate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q54314' | [[Chris Hemsworth]] | Chris Hemsworth | Chris Hemsworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q641364' | [[Christenmas decorations]] | Christmas decoration | Christenmas decorations | | |- class='wd_q49762' | [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] | Christian Democratic Union | Christian Democratic Union (Germany) | [[poleetical pairty]]<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party | political party<br/>political party in Germany<br/>fraternal party<br/>major party |- class='wd_q159694' | [[Christian Dior]] | Christian Dior | Christian Dior | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184103' | [[Christina Ricci]] | Christina Ricci | Christina Ricci | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5118436' | [[Chvrches]] | Chvrches | Chvrches | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q130778' | [[Cicada|Cicadidae]] | Cicadidae | Cicada | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3406' | [[Cichlid|Cichlidae]] | Cichlidae | Cichlid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21716' | [[Ciconiiformes]] | Ciconiiformes | Ciconiiformes | monotypic taxon | monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q43196' | [[Cincinnati]] | Cincinnati | Cincinnati | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Ohio | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Ohio |- class='wd_q201831' | [[Cinclus cinclus]] | Cinclus cinclus | Cinclus cinclus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191753' | [[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]] | Cinderella | Cinderella (1950 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q27282' | [[Cinnamomum]] | Cinnamomum | Cinnamomum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163955' | [[Circaea lutetiana]] | Circaea lutetiana | Circaea lutetiana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q341600' | [[Cirsium arvense]] | Cirsium arvense | Cirsium arvense | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q392283' | [[Cirsium dissectum]] | Cirsium dissectum | Cirsium dissectum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1446001' | [[Cirsium heterophyllum]] | Cirsium heterophyllum | Cirsium heterophyllum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21177' | [[Cirsium vulgare]] | Cirsium vulgare | Cirsium vulgare | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q199728' | [[Cisalpine Gaul]] | Cisalpine Gaul | Cisalpine Gaul | Roman province | Roman province |- class='wd_q36678' | [[Wast Bank|Cisjordan]] | West Bank | Wast Bank | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q1093495' | [[Citroën U23]] | Citroën U23 | Citroën U23 | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q17507129' | [[Citrullus lanatus]] | watermelon | Citrullus lanatus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81513' | [[Citrus]] | Citrus | Citrus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26590' | [[Ciudad Juárez]] | Ciudad Juárez | Ciudad Juárez | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>locality of Mexico | border city<br/>big city<br/>locality of Mexico |- class='wd_q11460' | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing | Cleidin | | |- class='wd_q404495' | [[Clan Broun]] | Clan Broun | Clan Broun | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094925' | [[Clan Campbell]] | Clan Campbell | Clan Campbell | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q2167776' | [[Clan Douglas]] | Clan Douglas | Clan Douglas | noble faimily | noble family |- class='wd_q1094951' | [[Clan Gordon]] | Clan Gordon | Clan Gordon | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q247418' | [[Clan Hay]] | Clan Hay | Clan Hay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1094959' | [[Clan Lindsay]] | Clan Lindsay | Clan Lindsay | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q1651263' | [[Clan Stewart]] | Clan Stewart | Clan Stewart | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q5125614' | [[Clan Straiton]] | Clan Straiton | Clan Straiton | [[Scots clan]] | Scottish clan |- class='wd_q296' | [[Claude Monet]] | Claude Monet | Claude Monet | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2978374' | [[Claude Érignac]] | Claude Érignac | Claude Érignac | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q228241' | [[Cleg]] | Tabanidae | Cleg | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q157634' | [[Clematis]] | Clematis | Clematis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160100' | [[Clematis vitalba]] | Clematis vitalba | Clematis vitalba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q40003' | [[Cleopatra III o Egyp]] | Cleopatra III of Egypt | Cleopatra III o Egyp | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q635' | [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]] | Cleopatra | Cleopatra | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q873072' | [[clitoris]] | clitoris | Clitoris | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25327' | [[Coccinellidae|Clock leddy]] | Q25327 | Coccinellidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36135' | [[cloodit leopard]] | clouded leopard | Cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5135110' | [[Clootie dumplin]] | clootie dumpling | Clootie dumplin | | |- class='wd_q483639' | [[Cloud computing|cloud will]] | cloud computing | Cloud computing | | |- class='wd_q211931' | [[Co-operative Pairty]] | Co-operative Party | Co-operative Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q188047' | [[Coat o airms o Lithuanie]] | Coat of arms of Lithuania | Coat o airms o Lithuanie | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q159543' | [[Clock leddy|Coccinella septempunctata]] | Coccinella septempunctata | Clock leddy | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183124' | [[Cochabamba]] | Cochabamba | Cochabamba | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q159831' | [[Cochlearia anglica]] | Cochlearia anglica | Cochlearia anglica | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q855094' | [[Coenonympha pamphilus]] | Small Heath | Coenonympha pamphilus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156354' | [[Coffea]] | Coffea | Coffea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8486' | [[coffee]] | coffee | Coffee | | |- class='wd_q9885' | [[Coimbatore]] | Coimbatore | Coimbatore | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q17621225' | [[Colchagua (histerical province)]] | Colchagua Province | Colchagua (histerical province) | province of Chile | province of Chile |- class='wd_q388435' | [[College Park, Georgie|College Park]] | College Park | College Park, Georgie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>municipality of Georgia | city in the United States<br/>municipality of Georgia |- class='wd_q10285' | [[Colosseum]] | Colosseum | Colosseum | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins | stadium<br/>archaeological site<br/>Italian national museum<br/>Roman amphitheatre<br/>historical civil building museum<br/>archaeological artifact museum<br/>Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture<br/>roman ruins |- class='wd_q133696' | [[colour blindness]] | color blindness | Colour blindness | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q182751' | [[Colubridae]] | Q182751 | Colubridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q106922' | [[Columbus]] | Columbus | Columbus | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q937876' | [[Comarques o Catalonie]] | comarca of Catalonia | Comarques o Catalonie | | |- class='wd_q909434' | [[Combustion chamber]] | combustion chamber | Combustion chamber | | |- class='wd_q860390' | [[Commer]] | Commer | Commer | automobile manufacturer<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>business |- class='wd_q81110' | [[common cairp]] | Cyprinus carpio | Common cairp | [[taxon]]<br/>fractional spawner | taxon<br/>fractional spawner |- class='wd_q12125' | [[common cauld]] | common cold | Common cauld | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q18845' | [[Common cuckoo|Common Cuckoo]] | Common Cuckoo | Common cuckoo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161416' | [[Common dugwid|Common Dugwid]] | Cornus sanguinea | Common dugwid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216815' | [[common eland]] | common eland | Common eland | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27465' | [[Common frog]] | Common frog | Common frog | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q911786' | [[Common garter snake|Common Garter Snake]] | common garter snake | Common garter snake | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q586594' | [[common stingray]] | common stingray | Common stingray | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7779' | [[Commonweel o Independent States]] | Commonwealth of Independent States | Commonweel o Independent States | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>commonwealth<br/>nationality for sports |- class='wd_q11024' | [[communication]] | communication | Communication | social behaviour<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction | social behavior<br/>social skill<br/>academic discipline<br/>type of process<br/>type of interaction |- class='wd_q40591' | [[Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto seal]] | The Communist Manifesto | Communist Manifesto | manifesto<br/>leeterary wirk | manifesto<br/>literary work |- class='wd_q130880' | [[Compsognathus]] | messielgoat | Compsognathus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q22657' | [[concrete]] | concrete | Concrete | | |- class='wd_q147298' | [[cone cell]] | cone cell | Cone cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell | cell type<br/>retinal cell |- class='wd_q81931' | [[Confederate States o Americae]] | Confederate States of America | Confederate States o Americae | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q9626' | [[Tory an Unionist Pairty|Conservative Pairty]] | Conservative Party | Tory an Unionist Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216980' | [[Constantine P. Cavafy]] | Konstantinos P. Cavafy | Constantine P. Cavafy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8413' | [[Constantine the Great]] | Constantine the Great | Constantine the Great | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26718' | [[Continental Congress]] | Continental Congress | Continental Congress | unicameral legislature | unicameral legislature |- class='wd_q192299' | [[Coonties o Norawa]] | county of Norway | Coonties o Norawa | admeenistrative diveesion | administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q171809' | [[Coonties o Ingland|coonty o Ingland]] | county of England | Coonties o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q753' | [[Capper|copper]] | copper | Capper | [[Chemical element|element]]<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance | chemical element<br/>chalcophile element<br/>simple substance |- class='wd_q484131' | [[Coraciiformes]] | Coraciiformes | Coraciiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171446' | [[coral]] | coral | Coral | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q169973' | [[Coriolis force]] | Coriolis force | Coriolis force | scientific theory | scientific theory |- class='wd_q347404' | [[Cork]] | Cork | Cork | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1134583' | [[Coronaviridae]] | Coronaviridae | Coronaviridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84263196' | [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]] | COVID-19 | COVID-19 | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q187024' | [[corsac tod]] | corsac fox | Corsac tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q124969' | [[Corylus avellana]] | Corylus avellana | Corylus avellana | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48544' | [[Cosimo de' Medici]] | Cosimo de' Medici | Cosimo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45382' | [[coup d'état]] | coup d'état | Coup d'état | | |- class='wd_q44299' | [[coyote]] | coyote | Coyote | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84149' | [[Craniate]] | Q84149 | Craniate | clade | clade |- class='wd_q155938' | [[Crassulaceae]] | Crassulaceae | Crassulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q126256' | [[craw-nebs]] | Anthyllis vulneraria | Craw-nebs | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q111059' | [[Creetical pynt (thermodynamics)|creetical pynt]] | critical point | Creetical pynt (thermodynamics) | | |- class='wd_q1840756' | [[Crested clagbird]] | Crested Bellbird | Crested clagbird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26017' | [[Crex crex]] | Corn Crake | Crex crex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185548' | [[Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980]] | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom | Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q33666' | [[Crinoid]] | Crinoidea | Crinoid | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11571' | [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] | Cristiano Ronaldo | Cristiano Ronaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2658232' | [[Cristina Calderón]] | Cristina Calderón | Cristina Calderón | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q134479' | [[Croatie naitional fitbaw team|Croatie naitional fitbaa team]] | Croatia men's national football team | Croatie naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q25363' | [[Crocodilia]] | Crocodilia | Crocodilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43169' | [[Crocodylidae]] | Crocodile | Crocodylidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15212096' | [[Cruachan Dam]] | Cruachan Power Station | Cruachan Dam | pumped-storage power station | pumped-storage power station |- class='wd_q1107181' | [[cruiner]] | grey gurnard | Cruiner | [[fish]]<br/>[[taxon]]<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | fish<br/>taxon<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q46135' | [[Créteil]] | Créteil | Créteil | [[ceety]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | city<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q183364' | [[Cuculiformes]] | Cuculiformes | Cuculiformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23425' | [[Cucumber]] | Cucumis sativus | Cucumber | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148758' | [[Cucumis]] | Cucumis | Cucumis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5339301' | [[Cucurbita]] | Cucurbita | Cucurbita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8314' | [[Cucurbitaceae]] | Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbitaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21875' | [[Cucurbitales]] | Cucurbitales | Cucurbitales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19707' | [[Cuddie]] | donkey | Cuddie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192914' | [[Cult o personality]] | cult of personality | Cult o personality | | |- class='wd_q28598' | [[Cultural anthropologie|Cultural Antropologie]] | cultural anthropology | Cultural anthropologie | academic discipline | academic discipline |- class='wd_q132624' | [[cumin]] | Cuminum cyminum | Cumin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25577567' | [[Cyanobacteria]] | Cyanobacteriota | Cyanobacteria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q161517' | [[Cycas revoluta]] | Cycas revoluta | Cycas revoluta | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152314' | [[Cyclone Nargis]] | Cyclone Nargis | Cyclone Nargis | [[cyclone]] | cyclone |- class='wd_q30066' | [[Cyclopterus lumpus]] | Cyclopterus lumpus | Cyclopterus lumpus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q43300' | [[Cydonia oblonga]] | quince | Cydonia oblonga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q953477' | [[Cylinder block]] | cylinder block | Cylinder block | physical technological component | physical technological component |- class='wd_q164270' | [[Cymbalaria muralis]] | Cymbalaria muralis | Cymbalaria muralis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q381584' | [[Cynoglossum officinale]] | Cynoglossum officinale | Cynoglossum officinale | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q155843' | [[Cyperaceae]] | Cyperaceae | Cyperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q35047' | [[Cyprinidae]] | Cyprinidae | Cyprinidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q177879' | [[Cypriniformes]] | Cypriniformes | Cypriniformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8209' | [[Cyrillic script]] | Cyrillic script | Cyrillic script | [[writin seestem]] | writing system |- class='wd_q964233' | [[D. E. Stevenson]] | D. E. Stevenson | D. E. Stevenson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238593' | [[D.C. United]] | D.C. United | D.C. United | association fitbaa club<br/>[[Fitbaw team|fitbaa team]] | association football club<br/>association football team |- class='wd_q25282' | [[Da Nang]] | Da Nang | Da Nang | [[ceety]]<br/>Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>cities in Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q29099' | [[Dachshund]] | dachshund | Dachshund | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q161735' | [[Dactylis glomerata]] | Dactylis glomerata | Dactylis glomerata | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q494447' | [[Daewoo Espero]] | Daewoo Espero | Daewoo Espero | car model | car model |- class='wd_q494469' | [[Daewoo Magnus]] | Daewoo Magnus | Daewoo Magnus | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1151620' | [[DAF 600]] | DAF 600 | DAF 600 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1157579' | [[Daihatsu Taft]] | Daihatsu Taft | Daihatsu Taft | car model | car model |- class='wd_q355388' | [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.|Dale Earnhardt]] | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Jr. | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17504' | [[Dalmatian (dug)|Dalmatian]] | Dalmatian | Dalmatian (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q328153' | [[Damanhur]] | Damanhur | Damanhur | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q3766' | [[Damascus]] | Damascus | Damascus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>auncient ceety<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>ancient city<br/>populated place in Syria<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q189383' | [[Damietta]] | Damietta | Damietta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1067' | [[Dante Alighieri]] | Dante Alighieri | Dante Alighieri | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q733120' | [[Darwin's rhea]] | Lesser Rhea | Darwin's rhea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5211618' | [[Darymple]] | Dalrymple | Darymple | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q213333' | [[Dasyuromorphia]] | Dasyuromorphia | Dasyuromorphia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36760' | [[David IV o Georgie]] | David IV of Georgia | David IV o Georgie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188792' | [[David Schwimmer]] | David Schwimmer | David Schwimmer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q430464' | [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]] | Dearborn | Dearborn, Michigan | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q4610' | [[decapoda]] | Q4610 | Decapoda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q191637' | [[decay product]] | decay product | Decay product | | |- class='wd_q169759' | [[Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen]] | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen | [[document]]<br/>declaration | document<br/>declaration |- class='wd_q608613' | [[decline o the Roman Empire]] | fall of the western Roman Empire | Decline o the Roman Empire | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity | decadence<br/>dissolution of an administrative territorial entity |- class='wd_q14405' | [[Deinonychus]] | Deinonychus | Deinonychus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q215519' | [[Democratic Unionist Party|Democratic Unionist Pairty]] | Democratic Unionist Party | Democratic Unionist Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q130018' | [[Denali]] | Q130018 | Denali | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q16554' | [[Denver]] | Denver | Denver | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty<br/>municipality of Colorado | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county<br/>municipality of Colorado |- class='wd_q734273' | [[Derek Riordan]] | Derek Riordan | Derek Riordan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1200131' | [[Derek Shulman]] | Derek Shulman | Derek Shulman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q17278086' | [[Descendants (2015 film)|Descendants]] | Descendants | Descendants (2015 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q26154237' | [[Descendants 2]] | Descendants 2 | Descendants 2 | television film | television film |- class='wd_q216888' | [[Destricts o Luxembourg]] | district of Luxembourg | Destricts o Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg | type of administrative division of Luxembourg |- class='wd_q177323' | [[developin kintra]] | developing country | Developin kintra | geographic region<br/>place | region<br/>geographic location |- class='wd_q1133406' | [[DevilDriver]] | DevilDriver | DevilDriver | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1156998' | [[Devourment]] | Devourment | Devourment | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q1354' | [[Dhaka]] | Dhaka | Dhaka | admeenistrative diveesion<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>financial center<br/>largest city | administrative territorial entity<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>financial center<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9685' | [[Diana, Princess o Wales]] | Diana, Princess of Wales | Diana, Princess o Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156099' | [[Dianthus]] | Dianthus | Dianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q162678' | [[Diatom|Diatomea]] | Diatomea | Diatom | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q189388' | [[didgeridoo]] | didgeridoo | Didgeridoo | type of musical instrument | type of musical instrument |- class='wd_q258115' | [[Diego Simeone]] | Diego Simeone | Diego Simeone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174174' | [[diesel ingine]] | diesel engine | Diesel ingine | | |- class='wd_q34336' | [[Diesel locomotive]] | diesel locomotive | Diesel locomotive | [[locomotive]] | locomotive |- class='wd_q25670' | [[Digital object identifier]] | digital object identifier | Digital object identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier | persistent identifier<br/>publication identifier |- class='wd_q157555' | [[Digitalis purpurea]] | Digitalis purpurea | Digitalis purpurea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216263' | [[dik-dik]] | Madoqua | Dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q755714' | [[Dikarya]] | Q755714 | Dikarya | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38584' | [[dingo]] | dingo | Dingo | [[taxon]]<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | taxon<br/>dog breed<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q2740164' | [[Dinosauriformes]] | Q2740164 | Dinosauriformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171241' | [[Diodorus Siculus]] | Diodorus Siculus | Diodorus Siculus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q14330' | [[Diplodocus]] | Diplodocus | Diplodocus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q273071' | [[Dipodidae]] | Dipodidae | Dipodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26332' | [[Diprotodontia|Diprotodont]] | Diprotodontia | Diprotodontia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21774' | [[Dipsacales]] | Dipsacales | Dipsacales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q580593' | [[Dipterocarpaceae]] | Dipterocarpaceae | Dipterocarpaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q456226' | [[Direct Rail Services]] | Direct Rail Services | Direct Rail Services | [[Business|buisiness]]<br/>Train operatin company | business<br/>train operating company |- class='wd_q2020424' | [[Dirleton]] | Dirleton | Dirleton | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q12136' | [[Dishailth|disease]] | disease | Dishailth | first-order class<br/>type of condition | first-order class<br/>type of condition |- class='wd_q1459069' | [[distributor]] | distributor | Distributor | device<br/>automotive part | device<br/>automotive part |- class='wd_q10244' | [[Diwali|Divali]] | Diwali | Diwali | festival<br/>[[haliday]] | festival<br/>holiday |- class='wd_q38358' | [[Doberman Pinscher]] | Dobermann | Doberman Pinscher | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q202504' | [[doiterel]] | Eurasian Dotterel | Doiterel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14083' | [[Dollar (siller)|dollar]] | dollar | Dollar (siller) | economic term | economic term |- class='wd_q171433' | [[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly]] | Dolly the Sheep | Dolly (sheep) | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal | ewe<br/>individual animal<br/>cloned mammal |- class='wd_q787' | [[Domestic pig]] | pig | Domestic pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q784' | [[Dominica]] | Dominica | Dominica | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>island country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q131479' | [[Dominican Order]] | Dominican Order | Dominican Order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order | mendicant order<br/>organization<br/>first order |- class='wd_q80905' | [[Donald A. Glaser]] | Donald Arthur Glaser | Donald A. Glaser | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22686' | [[Donald Trump]] | Q22686 | Donald Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q331031' | [[Dora the Explorer]] | Dora the Explorer | Dora the Explorer | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q206405' | [[Douglas Osheroff]] | Douglas Osheroff | Douglas Osheroff | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24039769' | [[Douglas Ross]] | Douglas Ross | Douglas Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13560423' | [[Dove Cameron]] | Dove Cameron | Dove Cameron | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47715' | [[Down syndrome|Down's syndrome]] | Down syndrome | Down syndrome | disability<br/>type of disease | disability<br/>type of disease |- class='wd_q2215877' | [[Downtown Miami]] | Downtown Miami | Downtown Miami | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district | neighborhood<br/>central business district |- class='wd_q212715' | [[DragonForce]] | DragonForce | DragonForce | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q25372' | [[Drama]] | drama | Drama | literary mode<br/>special field<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline | literary mode<br/>field of study<br/>literary form<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q1629859' | [[Drax pouer station]] | Drax power station | Drax pouer station | biomass-fired power station | biomass-fired power station |- class='wd_q71516' | [[dromedary]] | Camelus dromedarius | Dromedary | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156185' | [[Droseraceae]] | Droseraceae | Droseraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981816' | [[Dublin, Texas|Dublin]] | Dublin | Dublin, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q1722' | [[Dubrovnik]] | Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik | port ceety<br/>ceety o Croatie | port city<br/>town in Croatia |- class='wd_q129544' | [[Dugong]] | dugong | Dugong | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4810109' | [[Dujail Massacre]] | Dujail Massacre | Dujail Massacre | massacre | massacre |- class='wd_q91818' | [[dun]] | dun | Dun | | |- class='wd_q580502' | [[Duncan Shearer]] | Duncan Shearer | Duncan Shearer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q867610' | [[Dundee cake]] | Dundee cake | Dundee cake | | |- class='wd_q1466274' | [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Dungeness Nuclear Power Station | Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station | set of physical objects | set of physical objects |- class='wd_q651981' | [[Dáil Éireann]] | Dáil Éireann | Dáil Éireann | lawer chamber<br/>elected legislative house | lower house<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q111471' | [[Dál Riata]] | Dál Riata | Dál Riata | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q704041' | [[Eason Chan]] | Eason Chan | Eason Chan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q792143' | [[East African oryx]] | East African oryx | East African oryx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16957' | [[East Germany]] | East Germany | East Germany | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q171323' | [[East Thrace]] | East Thrace | East Thrace | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q122563' | [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]] | Eau Claire | Eau Claire, Wisconsin | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>seicont-class ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>second-class city |- class='wd_q156669' | [[Ebenaceae]] | Ebenaceae | Ebenaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q51993' | [[Ebola virus disease]] | Ebola hemorrhagic fever | Ebola virus disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q239107' | [[Edfu]] | Edfu | Edfu | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q16380756' | [[Edgar Housepian]] | Edgar Housepian | Edgar Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76749' | [[Edith Stein]] | Edith Stein | Edith Stein | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5236' | [[Edward II o Ingland]] | Edward II of England | Edward II o Ingland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q728039' | [[Edwyn Collins]] | Edwyn Collins | Edwyn Collins | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2994343' | [[Economic an Social Cooncil|Eeconomic an Social Cooncil (Côte d'Ivoire)]] | Economic and Social Council (Ivory Coast) | Economic an Social Cooncil | govrenment agency | government agency |- class='wd_q154934' | [[Egbert o Wessex]] | Ecgberht | Egbert o Wessex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1274604' | [[EGP-6]] | EGP-6 | EGP-6 | light water graphite reactor | light water graphite reactor |- class='wd_q4117865' | [[Egyp–Turkey relations]] | Egypt–Turkey relations | Egyp–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q134762' | [[Eilat]] | Eilat | Eilat | emporium<br/>city council | emporium<br/>city council |- class='wd_q1111' | [[Electric chairge|electric charge]] | electric charge | Electric chairge | | |- class='wd_q27137' | [[electric pouer]] | electric power | Electric pouer | | |- class='wd_q189511' | [[electronic cigarette]] | electronic cigarette | Electronic cigarette | | |- class='wd_q11344' | [[Chemical element|element]] | chemical element | Chemical element | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class | group or class of chemical substances<br/>second-order class |- class='wd_q232680' | [[Elena Baltacha]] | Elena Baltacha | Elena Baltacha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q173115' | [[Elio de Angelis]] | Elio de Angelis | Elio de Angelis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10633' | [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] | Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1331219' | [[Elizabeth Hamilton (writer)|Elizabeth Hamilton]] | Elizabeth Hamilton | Elizabeth Hamilton (writer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q130752' | [[Elizabeth o Roushie]] | Elizabeth I of Russia | Elizabeth o Roushie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q317521' | [[Elon Musk]] | Elon Musk | Elon Musk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5367589' | [[Elsie Inglis]] | Elsie Inglis | Elsie Inglis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q852573' | [[Elvenking]] | Elvenking | Elvenking | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q28486' | [[Emberizidae]] | Emberizidae | Emberizidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201128' | [[Emblem o Turkmenistan]] | emblem of Turkmenistan | Emblem o Turkmenistan | national coat of arms | national coat of arms |- class='wd_q1263' | [[Emilia-Romagna]] | Emilia-Romagna | Emilia-Romagna | [[regions o Italy]] | region of Italy |- class='wd_q188939' | [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] | Emilio Aguinaldo | Emilio Aguinaldo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q238445' | [[Emirate o Granada]] | Emirate of Granada | Emirate o Granada | Emirate<br/>historical state<br/>sultanate | Emirate<br/>historical country<br/>sultanate |- class='wd_q39476' | [[Emma Watson]] | Emma Watson | Emma Watson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9722' | [[Emperor Ruizong o Tang]] | Emperor Ruizong of Tang | Emperor Ruizong o Tang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q93208' | [[emu]] | Emu | Emu | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26696' | [[ennet]] | Common Eider | Ennet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8753' | [[Enrico Fermi]] | Enrico Fermi | Enrico Fermi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1447266' | [[Envigado]] | Envigado | Envigado | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q41571' | [[epilepsy]] | epilepsy | Epilepsy | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q682443' | [[Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)|Episcopal Kirk]] | Episcopal Church | Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States) | voluntary association<br/>nan-profit organisation<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church | voluntary association<br/>nonprofit organization<br/>Christian denomination<br/>Episcopal Church |- class='wd_q643657' | [[EPR (nuclear reactor)|EPR]] | European Pressurized Reactor | EPR (nuclear reactor) | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor |- class='wd_q28114' | [[Equisetum]] | Equisetum | Equisetum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184674' | [[erectile dysfunction]] | erectile dysfunction | Erectile dysfunction | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q3056695' | [[Erlend Haraldsson]] | Erlend Haraldsson | Erlend Haraldsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9123' | [[Ernest Rutherford]] | Ernest Rutherford | Ernest Rutherford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121973' | [[Eros]] | Eros | Eros | personification<br/>Greek primordial deities<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity | personification<br/>Greek primordial deity<br/>fertility deity<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q25419' | [[Escherichia coli]] | Escherichia coli | Escherichia coli | [[taxon]]<br/>model organism | taxon<br/>model organism |- class='wd_q3649072' | [[Eshera]] | Eshera | Eshera | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q10980893' | [[Esk]] | newt | Esk | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q1015463' | [[Ettadhamen-Mnihla]] | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | Ettadhamen-Mnihla | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q45669' | [[Eucalyptus]] | Eucalyptus | Eucalyptus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8747' | [[Euclid]] | Euclid | Euclid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165468' | [[Eudicots]] | Q165468 | Eudicots | clade | clade |- class='wd_q188622' | [[Eunectes]] | Anaconda | Eunectes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2752642' | [[Euornithes]] | Euornithes | Euornithes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8919' | [[European Atomic Energy Commonty]] | European Atomic Energy Community | European Atomic Energy Commonty | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization | organization<br/>international organization<br/>regional organization |- class='wd_q161549' | [[European Coal an Steel Commonty]] | European Coal and Steel Community | European Coal an Steel Commonty | regional organization | regional organization |- class='wd_q183191' | [[European Convention on Human Richts]] | European Convention on Human Rights | European Convention on Human Richts | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty | international human rights instrument<br/>Council of Europe treaty |- class='wd_q122880' | [[European Coort o Human Richts]] | European Court of Human Rights | European Coort o Human Richts | international court | international court |- class='wd_q26559' | [[European mink]] | Mustela lutreola | European mink | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q300955' | [[European sea sturgeon]] | European sea sturgeon | European sea sturgeon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q612943' | [[European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5]] | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5 | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition | snooker tournament<br/>recurring sporting event edition |- class='wd_q458' | [[European Union]] | European Union | European Union | [[confederation]]<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union | confederation<br/>supranational union<br/>regional organization<br/>political economic union |- class='wd_q42410' | [[Evo Morales]] | Evo Morales | Evo Morales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107411' | [[Eyster]] | oyster | Eyster | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | food ingredient<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q21878' | [[Fabales]] | Q21878 | Fabales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21881' | [[Fagales]] | Q21881 | Fagales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5430546' | [[Fairlie, North Ayrshire|Fairlie]] | Fairlie | Fairlie, North Ayrshire | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q9648' | [[Fauklan Isles|falkland islands]] | Falkland Islands | Fauklan Isles | [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territories]] | British Overseas Territories |- class='wd_q1233836' | [[Fallopian tube]] | fallopian tube | Fallopian tube | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q59148' | [[Famagusta Destrict]] | Famagusta District | Famagusta Destrict | [[Destricts o Cyprus]] | district of Cyprus |- class='wd_q17459' | [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]] | Q17459 | Fandom (wabsteid) | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki steid | wiki hosting service<br/>web hosting service<br/>MediaWiki wiki |- class='wd_q223179' | [[Faroese fowk]] | Faroese | Faroese fowk | [[population]] | human population |- class='wd_q127980' | [[fat]] | fat | Fat | nutrient group | nutrient group |- class='wd_q321061' | [[FC Sion]] | FC Sion | FC Sion | association fitbaa club<br/>sports club | association football club<br/>sports club |- class='wd_q130343' | [[Federal dependencies o Venezuela|Federal dependencies o]] | Federal Dependencies | Federal dependencies o Venezuela | [[Federal destrict]]<br/>administrative territorial entity of Venezuela | federal district<br/>administrative territorial entity of Venezuela |- class='wd_q42602' | [[Felinae]] | Felinae | Felinae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208373' | [[female genital mittlin]] | female genital mutilation | Female genital mittlin | ritual<br/>violence against women | ritual<br/>violence against women |- class='wd_q131564' | [[fennec tod]] | Vulpes zerda | Fennec tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q75780' | [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]] | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | Ferdinand von Zeppelin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2576842' | [[Ferrari 166 Inter]] | Ferrari 166 Inter | Ferrari 166 Inter | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3405025' | [[Ffa Coffi Pawb]] | Ffa Coffi Pawb | Ffa Coffi Pawb | muisical ensemble | musical ensemble |- class='wd_q216517' | [[Fianna Fáil]] | Fianna Fáil | Fianna Fáil | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q59798' | [[Ficus]] | Ficus | Ficus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185674' | [[Field (pheesics)|field]] | field | Field (pheesics) | concept in physics | concept in physics |- class='wd_q253414' | [[FIFA]] | FIFA | FIFA | nan-profit organisation<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization | nonprofit organization<br/>association football federation<br/>international sport governing body<br/>metaorganization |- class='wd_q125351662' | [[FIFA Men's World Ranking]] | FIFA Men's World Rankings | FIFA Men's World Ranking | ranking | ranking |- class='wd_q599301' | [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]] | Financial District | Financial District, San Francisco | neighbourhuid<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco | neighborhood<br/>central business district<br/>neighborhood in San Francisco |- class='wd_q5997' | [[fine-structur constant]] | fine-structure constant | Fine-structur constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>[[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]<br/>coupling constant | dimensionless quantity<br/>physical constant<br/>coupling constant |- class='wd_q5450695' | [[Finnan haddie]] | Finnan haddie | Finnan haddie | [[fuid]] | food |- class='wd_q33328' | [[Finnic leids]] | Finnic | Finnic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q1412' | [[Finnish leid|Finnish]] | Finnish | Finnish leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q25519942' | [[Firmicutes]] | Bacillota | Firmicutes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q29269' | [[First Chechen War]] | First Chechen War | First Chechen War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q7166256' | [[First Lady o the Unitit States]] | First Lady of the United States | First Lady o the Unitit States | title<br/>poseetion | title<br/>position |- class='wd_q152' | [[fish]] | fish | Fish | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name<br/>paraphyletic group |- class='wd_q2736' | [[Fitba|fitbaa]] | association football | Fitba | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>team sport<br/>spectator sport |- class='wd_q242115' | [[Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period]] | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period | decad<br/>historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad | decad<br/>historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>group<br/>pentad |- class='wd_q59577' | [[flatfish]] | flatfish | Flatfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5401971' | [[fleein saucer]] | flying saucer | Fleein saucer | | |- class='wd_q776670' | [[Florida panther]] | Florida panther | Florida panther | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25314' | [[flouerin plant]] | Q25314 | Flouerin plant | clade | clade |- class='wd_q318588' | [[FN P90]] | FN P90 | FN P90 | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q27671' | [[FN SCAR]] | SCAR | FN SCAR | firearm family | firearm family |- class='wd_q107027' | [[Foraminifera]] | Foraminifera | Foraminifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5467258' | [[Forbes Masson]] | Forbes Masson | Forbes Masson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1436754' | [[Ford Comète]] | Ford Comète | Ford Comète | car model | car model |- class='wd_q3866345' | [[Ford flatheid V8 ingine]] | Ford flathead V8 engine | Ford flatheid V8 ingine | ingine faimily | engine family |- class='wd_q52628184' | [[Ford V-8]] | Ford V-8 | Ford V-8 | | |- class='wd_q1437035' | [[Ford Vedette]] | Ford Vedette | Ford Vedette | car model | car model |- class='wd_q26896' | [[foumaw]] | Northern Fulmar | Foumaw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q148' | [[Republic o the Fowk o Cheena|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]] | People's Republic of China | Republic o the Fowk o Cheena | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q208258' | [[France Gall]] | France Gall | France Gall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q450675' | [[Pape Francis|Francis]] | Pope Francis | Pape Francis | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3046878' | [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk o Scotland]] | Free Church of Scotland | Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900) | Christian Church | Christian Church |- class='wd_q49220' | [[Fremont, Californie|Fremont]] | Fremont | Fremont, Californie | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California | big city<br/>sanctuary city<br/>city of California |- class='wd_q30971' | [[French Polynesie]] | French Polynesia | French Polynesie | French owerseas collectivity | overseas collectivity of France |- class='wd_q72292' | [[Fridtjof Nansen]] | Fridtjof Nansen | Fridtjof Nansen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22670' | [[Friedrich Schiller]] | Friedrich Schiller | Friedrich Schiller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128269' | [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]] | Frisco | Frisco, Texas | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q192534' | [[Fuerteventura]] | Fuerteventura | Fuerteventura | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q853718' | [[Fun and Fancy Free]] | Fun and Fancy Free | Fun and Fancy Free | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q34750' | [[Fuxin]] | Fuxin | Fuxin | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q991' | [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | Fyodor Dostoyevsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q40349' | [[Gagra Destrict]] | Gagra District | Gagra Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q124946' | [[gairdenin]] | gardening | Gairdenin | [[habby]]<br/>branch of agriculture | hobby<br/>branch of agriculture |- class='wd_q9307' | [[Galicie leid|Galicie]] | Galician | Galicie leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q309467' | [[Gallimimus]] | Gallimimus | Gallimimus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q23572' | [[Game of Thrones]] | Game of Thrones | Game of Thrones | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q11523' | [[gamma ray]] | gamma ray | Gamma ray | [[electromagnetic radiation]] | electromagnetic radiation |- class='wd_q8010' | [[Ganger crossin]] | pedestrian crossing | Ganger crossin | | |- class='wd_q1366959' | [[Garda Síochána]] | Garda Síochána | Garda Síochána | [[polis]]<br/>national police | police<br/>national police |- class='wd_q184586' | [[Gareth Bale]] | Gareth Bale | Gareth Bale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q643373' | [[garfish]] | Garfish | Garfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5524423' | [[Gartnait, Yerl o Mar]] | Gartnait, Earl of Mar | Gartnait, Yerl o Mar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q182333' | [[gas constant]] | molar gas constant | Gas constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q193470' | [[gas turbine]] | gas turbine | Gas turbine | | |- class='wd_q187138' | [[Gasherbrum I]] | Gasherbrum | Gasherbrum I | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q186853' | [[Gasherbrum II]] | Gasherbrum II | Gasherbrum II | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q174296' | [[Gaur]] | Bos gaurus | Gaur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9441' | [[Gautama Buddha]] | The Buddha | Gautama Buddha | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q190858' | [[Gazelle|Gazella]] | Gazella | Gazelle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q775' | [[Gelderland]] | Gelderland | Gelderland | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands |- class='wd_q207043' | [[Gemsbok]] | Gemsbok | Gemsbok | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q81965' | [[General Motors]] | General Motors | General Motors | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q213381' | [[generation]] | generation | Generation | | |- class='wd_q976748' | [[Generation III reactor]] | Generation III reactor | Generation III reactor | nuclear reactor generation | nuclear reactor generation |- class='wd_q71' | [[Geneva]] | Geneva | Geneva | municipality o Swisserland<br/>college toun<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>cantonal caipital o Swisserland<br/>city of Switzerland | municipality of Switzerland<br/>college town<br/>big city<br/>cantonal capital of Switzerland<br/>city of Switzerland |- class='wd_q680916' | [[Gentbrugge]] | Gentbrugge | Gentbrugge | municipality section | municipality section |- class='wd_q5683' | [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] | Geoffrey Chaucer | Geoffrey Chaucer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q136736' | [[Geographic Names Information System]] | Geographic Names Information System | Geographic Names Information System | online database<br/>geographical names database | online database<br/>geographical names database |- class='wd_q653421' | [[Geordie]] | Geordie | Geordie | [[Byleid|dialect]] | dialect |- class='wd_q9235' | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5535907' | [[George (dug)|George]] | George | George (dug) | [[dug]] | dog |- class='wd_q3078573' | [[George Campbell Hay]] | George Campbell Hay | George Campbell Hay | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5540112' | [[George H. W. Bush bowkin incident]] | George H. W. Bush vomiting incident | George H. W. Bush bowkin incident | vomitin | vomiting |- class='wd_q368519' | [[George MacDonald]] | George MacDonald | George MacDonald | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q434118' | [[George Pell]] | George Pell | George Pell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181677' | [[George R. R. Martin]] | George R. R. Martin | George R. R. Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269412' | [[George V]] | George V | George V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q296898' | [[George Washington Carver]] | George Washington Carver | George Washington Carver | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208112' | [[gerenuk]] | gerenuk | Gerenuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q56039' | [[German reunification]] | German reunification | German reunification | poleetical union<br/>reunion | political union<br/>reunion |- class='wd_q42884' | [[Germans]] | Germans | Germans | nation<br/>[[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>human population<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q183' | [[Germany]] | Germany | Germany | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q156844' | [[Getúlio Vargas]] | Getúlio Vargas | Getúlio Vargas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157407' | [[Geum urbanum]] | Geum urbanum | Geum urbanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22169' | [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]] | GNU Free Documentation License | GNU Free Documentation License | copyleft license | copyleft license |- class='wd_q45529' | [[ghaist]] | ghost | Ghaist | | |- class='wd_q17134' | [[gharial]] | Gharial | Gharial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q180415' | [[Ghazni Province]] | Ghazni Province | Ghazni Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q1296' | [[Ghent]] | Ghent | Ghent | municipality o Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>Belgian municipality wi ceety privileges | municipality of Belgium<br/>carfree city<br/>big city<br/>Belgian municipality with the title of city |- class='wd_q65324805' | [[Gie wey sign]] | Q65324805 | Gie wey sign | | |- class='wd_q21997528' | [[Gilderoy]] | Gilderoy | Gilderoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43284' | [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]] | Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgo biloba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15083' | [[giraffe]] | northern giraffe | Giraffe | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q50005' | [[Giulio Andreotti]] | Giulio Andreotti | Giulio Andreotti | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192131' | [[Giuseppe Meazza]] | Giuseppe Meazza | Giuseppe Meazza | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2920231' | [[Givat Washington]] | Givat Washington | Givat Washington | nan-profit organisation<br/>college<br/>human settlement | nonprofit organization<br/>college<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q156207' | [[Gladiolus]] | Gladiolus | Gladiolus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q372311' | [[Glenn Close]] | Glenn Close | Glenn Close | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2341962' | [[Glossary o rail transport terms]] | glossary of rail transport terms | Glossary o rail transport terms | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q40807' | [[God Save the King]] | God Save the King | God Save the King | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q2875' | [[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]] | Gone with the Wind | Gone with the Wind (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q288138' | [[Gordy]] | Gordy | Gordy | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q6025' | [[Gorno-Altaysk]] | Gorno-Altaysk | Gorno-Altaysk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q137474876' | [[Gos]] | Eurasian Goshawk | Gos | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25287' | [[Gothenburg]] | Gothenburg | Gothenburg | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety<br/>urban area in Sweden | big city<br/>port city<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q7188' | [[govrenment]] | government | Govrenment | type of organization | type of organization |- class='wd_q320632' | [[Gowden taid|gowden toad]] | golden toad | Gowden taid | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q123141' | [[gowdfish]] | goldfish | Gowdfish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5377' | [[Gowf]] | golf | Gowf | type o sport<br/>[[habby]]<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club | type of sport<br/>hobby<br/>Olympic sport<br/>sport with racquet/stick/club |- class='wd_q205648' | [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]] | Granada | Granada, Nicaragua | [[Municipalities o Nicaragua]] | municipality of Nicaragua |- class='wd_q215250' | [[gray tod]] | Gray fox | Gray tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58715' | [[Great Leap Forward]] | Great Leap Forward | Great Leap Forward | campaign | campaign |- class='wd_q1768199' | [[Great Russian Encyclopedia]] | Great Russian Encyclopedia | Great Russian Encyclopedia | [[wabsteid]]<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work | website<br/>national encyclopedia<br/>multi-volume work |- class='wd_q199427' | [[Great white pelican|Great White Pelican]] | Great White Pelican | Great white pelican | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179537' | [[Greek fire]] | Greek fire | Greek fire | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q182062' | [[Greek War o Unthirldom]] | Greek War of Independence | Greek War o Unthirldom | war of national liberation<br/>historical period | war of national liberation<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q207347' | [[green anaconda]] | green anaconda | Green anaconda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q420840' | [[Green bee-eater|Green Bee-eater]] | Asian Green Bee-eater | Green bee-eater | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1544592' | [[Green Goddess]] | Q1544592 | Green Goddess | truck model | truck model |- class='wd_q763080' | [[Greenville, Ohio|Greenville]] | Greenville | Greenville, Ohio | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q769' | [[Grenada]] | Grenada | Grenada | [[kintra]]<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state | country<br/>island country<br/>Commonwealth realm<br/>sovereign state<br/>archipelagic state |- class='wd_q3388' | [[Grossglockner]] | Grossglockner | Grossglockner | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point | mountain<br/>highest point |- class='wd_q219565' | [[Grévy's zebra]] | Grevy's zebra | Grévy's zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q422071' | [[Guar gum]] | guar gum | Guar gum | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q206032' | [[Gucci Mane]] | Q206032 | Gucci Mane | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25230' | [[Guernsey]] | Guernsey | Guernsey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]<br/>bailiwick | Crown Dependencies<br/>bailiwick |- class='wd_q56428' | [[Guernésiais]] | Guernésiais | Guernésiais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q56385' | [[Gulf Arabic]] | Gulf Arabic | Gulf Arabic | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q654010' | [[Gulf o Khambhat]] | Gulf of Khambhat | Gulf o Khambhat | gulf | gulf |- class='wd_q187274' | [[Gulf o Sidra]] | Gulf of Sidra | Gulf o Sidra | bay<br/>gulf | bay<br/>gulf |- class='wd_q386777' | [[Gulripsh Destrict]] | Gulripsh District | Gulripsh Destrict | district of Abkhazia | district of Abkhazia |- class='wd_q12861' | [[gunpouder]] | gunpowder | Gunpouder | explosive material<br/>mixtur | explosive chemicals<br/>mixture |- class='wd_q844844' | [[Guy Fawkes Nicht]] | Guy Fawkes Night | Guy Fawkes Nicht | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q734' | [[Guyana]] | Guyana | Guyana | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q60654' | [[Gypjak]] | Gypjak | Gypjak | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q202406' | [[haddock]] | haddock | Haddock | [[taxon]]<br/>food product | taxon<br/>food product |- class='wd_q609630' | [[Haflinger]] | Haflinger | Haflinger | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q72818' | [[Hai Phong]] | Haiphong | Hai Phong | Municipalities o Vietnam<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | cities in Vietnam<br/>big city |- class='wd_q37707' | [[haiku]] | haiku | Haiku | poetic form<br/>poetry genre | poetic form<br/>poetry genre |- class='wd_q2840' | [[Haingles]] | influenza | Haingles | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign | type of disease<br/>symptom or sign |- class='wd_q2349386' | [[Hamish Henderson]] | Hamish Henderson | Hamish Henderson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7209' | [[Han dynasty]] | Han dynasty | Han dynasty | historical state<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state | historical country<br/>historical period<br/>Chinese dynasty<br/>historical Chinese state |- class='wd_q82199' | [[Hande Yener]] | Hande Yener | Hande Yener | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8222' | [[Hangul]] | Hangul | Hangul | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription | syllabary<br/>phonetic transcription<br/>featural writing system<br/>constructed writing system<br/>alphabetic writing system<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>phonemic transcription |- class='wd_q126631' | [[Hannah Montana]] | Hannah Montana | Hannah Montana | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q155794' | [[Hans Bethe]] | Hans Bethe | Hans Bethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42908' | [[Hanseatic League]] | Hanseatic League | Hanseatic League | organization<br/>[[confederation]] | organization<br/>confederation |- class='wd_q130881' | [[Hanukkah]] | Hanukkah | Hanukkah | public holiday<br/>[[haliday]]<br/>annual event | public holiday<br/>holiday<br/>annual event |- class='wd_q82261' | [[Haplorhini|Haplorrhini]] | Q82261 | Haplorhini | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2013262' | [[Harasta]] | Harasta | Harasta | [[ceety]]<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q83270' | [[Haurd rock|Hard rock]] | hard rock | Haurd rock | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q310260' | [[Harold Shipman]] | Harold Shipman | Harold Shipman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3458906' | [[Harrisburg, Oregon|Harrisburg]] | Harrisburg | Harrisburg, Oregon | city of Oregon | city of Oregon |- class='wd_q8337' | [[Harry Potter]] | Q8337 | Harry Potter | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series | canon<br/>heptalogy<br/>novel series<br/>children's book series |- class='wd_q15485284' | [[Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel]] | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q214861' | [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport]] | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport | Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport | internaitional airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | international airport<br/>airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q13371' | [[Harvard Varsity]] | Harvard University | Harvard Varsity | private varsity<br/>colonial colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution | private university<br/>colonial colleges<br/>research university<br/>private not-for-profit educational institution |- class='wd_q3128178' | [[Hassan-Taxi]] | Hassan Taxi | Hassan-Taxi | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q8418' | [[haundbaw]] | handball | Haundbaw | [[sport]]<br/>[[gemme]]<br/>type o sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>baw gemme | sport<br/>game<br/>type of sport<br/>Olympic sport<br/>ball game |- class='wd_q26198' | [[haver craw]] | carrion crow | Haver craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q754475' | [[Havre de Grace, Maryland|Havre de Grace]] | Havre de Grace | Havre de Grace, Maryland | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q16035842' | [[hearin loss]] | hearing loss | Hearin loss | heal problem | health problem |- class='wd_q4511497' | [[Heather Reid]] | Heather Reid | Heather Reid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155901' | [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] | Heckler & Koch MP5 | Heckler & Koch MP5 | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q7064' | [[Hedonism]] | hedonism | Hedonism | [[warld view]] | worldview |- class='wd_q349982' | [[Hegang]] | Hegang | Hegang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q48352' | [[heid o state]] | head of state | Heid o state | public offeecial<br/>type of position | public office<br/>type of position |- class='wd_q164061' | [[Helen o Troy]] | Helen of Troy | Helen o Troy | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character | legendary progenitor<br/>mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q26949' | [[Helianthus]] | Helianthus | Helianthus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2042538' | [[Hellenic leids]] | Hellenic | Hellenic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q173821' | [[Helmand Province]] | Helmand Province | Helmand Province | [[Provinces o Afghanistan]] | province of Afghanistan |- class='wd_q41688' | [[Hendrik Lorentz]] | Hendrik Lorentz | Hendrik Lorentz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82445' | [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q103556' | [[Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor | Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q60094' | [[Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor|Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] | Henry IV | Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q20203290' | [[Henry John Dobson]] | Henry John Dobson | Henry John Dobson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187765' | [[Henry Miller]] | Henry Miller | Henry Miller | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157661' | [[hepatitis A]] | hepatitis A | Hepatitis A | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q6853' | [[hepatitis B]] | hepatitis B | Hepatitis B | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q154869' | [[hepatitis C]] | hepatitis C | Hepatitis C | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q71016' | [[Herbert Kroemer]] | Herbert Kroemer | Herbert Kroemer | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q152491' | [[Herzliya]] | Herzliya | Herzliya | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1588936' | [[Heysham nuclear pouer station]] | Heysham nuclear power stations | Heysham nuclear pouer station | place<br/>group | geographic location<br/>group |- class='wd_q878223' | [[Hieland]] | highland | Hieland | landscape<br/>terrain type | landscape<br/>terrain type |- class='wd_q644305' | [[Hillman Avenger]] | Hillman Avenger | Hillman Avenger | car model | car model |- class='wd_q188754' | [[Himeji Castle]] | Himeji Castle | Himeji Castle | Japanese castle<br/>château<br/>hirayamajiro | Japanese castle<br/>château<br/>hirayamajiro |- class='wd_q11051' | [[Hindustani leid|Hindustani]] | Hindustani | Hindustani leid | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>''[[:d:Q25568481|Q25568481]]'' | natural language<br/>modern language<br/>Q25568481 |- class='wd_q1765322' | [[Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point A nuclear power station | Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q5767271' | [[Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station]] | Hinkley Point C nuclear power station | Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q11401' | [[Hip hop muisic|hip hop]] | hip-hop | Hip hop muisic | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q213336' | [[Hippopotamidae]] | Hippopotamidae | Hippopotamidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5768716' | [[Hipódromo (Santurce)|Hipódromo]] | Hipódromo | Hipódromo (Santurce) | subbarrio of Puerto Rico | subbarrio of Puerto Rico |- class='wd_q48332' | [[Hiragana]] | hiragana | Hiragana | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system | syllabary<br/>unicase alphabet<br/>natural writing system |- class='wd_q309' | [[history]] | history | History | ambiguous Wikidata item | ambiguous Wikidata item |- class='wd_q188660' | [[hoatzin]] | Hoatzin | Hoatzin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q130875' | [[Hohenstaufen]] | House of Hohenstaufen | Hohenstaufen | ryal hoose | royal house |- class='wd_q65324818' | [[Holborn Street railwey Station]] | Holborn Street railway station | Holborn Street railwey Station | former railway station | former railway station |- class='wd_q1624389' | [[Holden Statesman]] | Holden Caprice | Holden Statesman | car model | car model |- class='wd_q10259' | [[Holi]] | Holii | Holi | festival<br/>spring festival | festival<br/>spring festival |- class='wd_q1138378' | [[Hollywood Hills]] | Hollywood Hills | Hollywood Hills | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles | district or neighborhood of Los Angeles |- class='wd_q2763' | [[Holocaust]] | The Holocaust | Holocaust | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence | racism<br/>genocide<br/>crime against humanity<br/>hate crime<br/>state crime<br/>key event<br/>ethnic violence |- class='wd_q165058' | [[Holodomor]] | Holodomor | Holodomor | genocide<br/>faimin<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime | genocide<br/>famine<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>communist crime |- class='wd_q12548' | [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]] | Holy Roman Empire | Halie Romane Rik | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q16984765' | [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]] | The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982 | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument | Order in Council<br/>UK Statutory Instrument |- class='wd_q9584' | [[Honda]] | Honda | Honda | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | automobile manufacturer<br/>public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q726' | [[Horse]] | horse | Horse | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q84122' | [[Horus]] | Horus | Horus | war deity | war deity |- class='wd_q23558' | [[House (TV series)|House]] | House M.D. | House (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q5927904' | [[Huchoun]] | Huchoun | Huchoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q981981' | [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] | Hugh MacDiarmid | Hugh MacDiarmid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25405' | [[Huidit craw|Huidit Craw]] | Hooded Crow | Huidit craw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q38994' | [[Human Development Index]] | Human Development Index | Human Development Index | index number<br/>wellbeing index | index number<br/>wellbeing index |- class='wd_q16390' | [[Humphrey Bogart]] | Humphrey Bogart | Humphrey Bogart | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30535' | [[huntin hawk]] | Peregrine Falcon | Huntin hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q16422' | [[Hurricane Katrina]] | Hurricane Katrina | Hurricane Katrina | hurricane | hurricane |- class='wd_q2409' | [[hydrochloric acid]] | hydrochloric acid | Hydrochloric acid | type of mixture of chemical entities | type of mixture of chemical entities |- class='wd_q42046' | [[Hyena]] | Hyaenidae | Hyena | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53099' | [[Hyrax]] | Hyracoidea | Hyrax | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q981993' | [[Ian Charleson]] | Ian Charleson | Ian Charleson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q129727' | [[Ibeirien lynx|Iberie lynx]] | Iberian lynx | Ibeirien lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179503' | [[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]] | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190910' | [[Ice Age: The Meltdown]] | Ice Age: The Meltdown | Ice Age: The Meltdown | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q1325808' | [[Ice creestals|ice creestal]] | ice crystal | Ice creestals | | |- class='wd_q194515' | [[Ichthyosaur|Ichthyosauria]] | Ichthyosauria | Ichthyosaur | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q248339' | [[Ignition coil]] | ignition coil | Ignition coil | | |- class='wd_q221378' | [[Ile shale]] | oil shale | Ile shale | | |- class='wd_q276093' | [[IMI Galil]] | IWI Galil | IMI Galil | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q132576' | [[Impala]] | impala | Impala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q668' | [[Indie]] | India | Indie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q729553' | [[Indien leopard|Indie leopard]] | Indian leopard | Indien leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q103817' | [[indigenous fowks]] | indigenous people | Indigenous fowks | | |- class='wd_q81096' | [[ingineer]] | engineer | Ingineer | [[profession]]<br/>[[academic degree]]<br/>poseetion | profession<br/>academic degree<br/>position |- class='wd_q81900' | [[ink-fish]] | Teuthida | Ink-fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1735' | [[Innsbruck]] | Innsbruck | Innsbruck | [[ceety]]<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality o Austrick<br/>district of Austria<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>toun wi toun richts an privileges | city<br/>statutory city of Austria<br/>municipality of Austria<br/>district of Austria<br/>big city<br/>place with town rights and privileges |- class='wd_q1390' | [[Insect]] | insect | Insect | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1869874' | [[insomnia]] | insomnia | Insomnia | type of disease<br/>symptom type | type of disease<br/>symptom type |- class='wd_q78928288' | [[Intellivision Amico]] | Intellivision Amico | Intellivision Amico | product model | product model |- class='wd_q182473' | [[Intercontinental Cup]] | Intercontinental Cup | Intercontinental Cup | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship | international association football clubs cup<br/>defunct association football competition<br/>club world championship |- class='wd_q3476589' | [[Interrogation scene]] | interrogation scene | Interrogation scene | | |- class='wd_q6060054' | [[Inverclyde Line]] | Inverclyde Line | Inverclyde Line | railway line | railway line |- class='wd_q392110' | [[IONIS Education Group]] | IONIS Education Group | IONIS Education Group | joint-stock company | joint-stock company |- class='wd_q11135' | [[IP address]] | IP address | IP address | | |- class='wd_q114065797' | [[Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests|Iran's 2022 kintrawide protests]] | Mahsa Amini protests | Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>[[protest]] | rebellion<br/>demonstration<br/>protest |- class='wd_q7170257' | [[Persie pop muisic|Iranian pop]] | Iranian pop | Persie pop muisic | [[muisic genre]]<br/>musical scene | music genre<br/>musical scene |- class='wd_q4165309' | [[Iraq Inquiry]] | Iraq Inquiry | Iraq Inquiry | public inquiry | public inquiry |- class='wd_q205047' | [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] | Kurdistan Region of Iraq | Iraqi Kurdistan | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area | autonomous region<br/>Kurdish-inhabited area |- class='wd_q273331' | [[Irrawaddy dowphin]] | Irrawaddy dolphin | Irrawaddy dowphin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83566' | [[Isabel Allende]] | Isabel Allende | Isabel Allende | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45859' | [[Isabella I o Castile|Isabella o Castile]] | Isabella I of Castile | Isabella I o Castile | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q189387' | [[Ischia]] | Ischia | Ischia | volcanic island | volcanic island |- class='wd_q2429253' | [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]] | Islamic State | Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state | caliphate<br/>Islamic state<br/>armed organization<br/>self-proclaimed state<br/>quasi-state |- class='wd_q28065409' | [[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]] | Isle of Dogs | Isle of Dogs (film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q25276' | [[isotope]] | isotope | Isotope | second-order class | second-order class |- class='wd_q42180' | [[Israel Kamakawiwoʻole]] | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | Israel Kamakawiwoʻole | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1674974' | [[Isuzu Piazza]] | Isuzu Piazza | Isuzu Piazza | car model | car model |- class='wd_q192786' | [[Italian cuisine]] | Italian cuisine | Italian cuisine | national cuisine | national cuisine |- class='wd_q50001' | [[Italians]] | Italians | Italians | [[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]]<br/>[[fowk]] | human population<br/>ethnic group<br/>people |- class='wd_q174971' | [[Itō Hirobumi]] | Itō Hirobumi | Itō Hirobumi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q49113' | [[Ivy League]] | Ivy League | Ivy League | college athletic conference | college athletic conference |- class='wd_q1700920' | [[J. Michael Kosterlitz]] | J. Michael Kosterlitz | J. Michael Kosterlitz | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9773' | [[J]] | J/j | J | | |- class='wd_q167852' | [[Jabir ibn Hayyan]] | Jabir ibn Hayyan | Jabir ibn Hayyan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16568' | [[Jacksonville, Florida]] | Q16568 | Jacksonville, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q130631' | [[Jacques Derrida]] | Jacques Derrida | Jacques Derrida | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37899' | [[Jagdterrier]] | Jagdterrier | Jagdterrier | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q6122893' | [[Jaguar Land Rover]] | Jaguar Land Rover | Jaguar Land Rover | subsidiary company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | subsidiary company<br/>business |- class='wd_q182304' | [[Jaguarundi]] | Jaguarundi | Jaguarundi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9232' | [[Jainism]] | Jainism | Jainism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q3630' | [[Jakarta]] | Jakarta | Jakarta | [[Provinces o Indonesie]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | province of Indonesia<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>Daerah Khusus<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q487640' | [[Jalal-Abad Region|Jalal-Abad Province]] | Jalal-Abad Region | Jalal-Abad Region | [[Regions o Kyrgyzstan]] | region of Kyrgyzstan |- class='wd_q33377' | [[Jalandhar]] | Jalandhar | Jalandhar | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q277579' | [[James Dewar]] | James Dewar | James Dewar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q648516' | [[James Douglas, Laird o Douglas]] | James Douglas, Lord of Douglas | James Douglas, Laird o Douglas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q140393' | [[James Hunt]] | Q140393 | James Hunt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6882' | [[James Joyce]] | James Joyce | James Joyce | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8962' | [[James Prescott Joule]] | James Prescott Joule | James Prescott Joule | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q184746' | [[Jane Goodall]] | Jane Goodall | Jane Goodall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131324' | [[Janet Jackson]] | Janet Jackson | Janet Jackson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213726' | [[Jankel Adler]] | Jankel Adler | Jankel Adler | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1645980' | [[Jatt]] | Jats | Jatt | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q229507' | [[Jayne Mansfield]] | Jayne Mansfield | Jayne Mansfield | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q246087' | [[Jbeil Destrict]] | Jbeil District | Jbeil Destrict | [[Destricts o Lebanon]] | district of Lebanon |- class='wd_q128543' | [[Jean Chrétien]] | Jean Chrétien | Jean Chrétien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45682' | [[Jean Sibelius]] | Jean Sibelius | Jean Sibelius | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162708' | [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] | Jean-Bedel Bokassa | Jean-Bédel Bokassa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q28180' | [[Jefferson City]] | Jefferson City | Jefferson City | [[Caipital|caipital ceety]]<br/>coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | capital city<br/>county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q189895' | [[Jennifer Jones (actress)|Jennifer Jones]] | Jennifer Jones | Jennifer Jones (actress) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q291169' | [[Jeremy Corbyn]] | Jeremy Corbyn | Jeremy Corbyn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q658527' | [[Jericho Govrenorate]] | Jericho Governorate | Jericho Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Palestine]] | governorate of the State of Palestine |- class='wd_q187822' | [[Jerome Isaac Friedman]] | Jerome Isaac Friedman | Jerome Isaac Friedman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6184230' | [[Jerry Parr]] | Jerry Parr | Jerry Parr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q785' | [[Jersey]] | Jersey | Jersey | [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]] | Crown Dependencies |- class='wd_q454251' | [[Jimmy Johnstone]] | Jimmy Johnstone | Jimmy Johnstone | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q165467' | [[Jimmy Page]] | Jimmy Page | Jimmy Page | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181' | [[Jimmy Wales]] | Jimmy Wales | Jimmy Wales | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6204319' | [[Jo Jorgensen]] | Jo Jorgensen | Jo Jorgensen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188793' | [[Joan Capdevila]] | Joan Capdevila | Joan Capdevila | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4922257' | [[Joanne Missingham]] | Joanne Missingham | Joanne Missingham | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10940' | [[jockstrap]] | jockstrap | Jockstrap | [[Cleidin|claes]] | clothing |- class='wd_q449402' | [[Jodie Whittaker]] | Jodie Whittaker | Jodie Whittaker | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6279' | [[Joe Biden]] | Joe Biden | Joe Biden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5879' | [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q324028' | [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q298243' | [[John Hannah]] | John Hannah | John Hannah | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q918672' | [[John Kerr]] | John Kerr | John Kerr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6247276' | [[John Maxwell]] | John Maxwell | John Maxwell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1588306' | [[John Walker (naitural historian)|John Walker]] | John Walker | John Walker (naitural historian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42775' | [[Johnny Cash]] | Johnny Cash | Johnny Cash | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q231318' | [[Johor Bahru]] | Johor Bahru | Johor Bahru | city of Malaysia | city of Malaysia |- class='wd_q855' | [[Joseph Stalin]] | Joseph Stalin | Joseph Stalin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q213844' | [[Judith Malina]] | Judith Malina | Judith Malina | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2986022' | [[Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide]] | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide | Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide | armed organization | armed organization |- class='wd_q214028' | [[Julie Revolution]] | July Revolution | Julie Revolution | [[Revolution]] | revolution |- class='wd_q161333' | [[Juncus acutiflorus]] | Juncus acutiflorus | Juncus acutiflorus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q297838' | [[Jusepe de Ribera]] | Jusepe de Ribera | Jusepe de Ribera | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185117' | [[Justin Mairtyr|Justin Martyr]] | Justin Martyr | Justin Mairtyr | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q951930' | [[Juviles]] | Juviles | Juviles | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q56430' | [[Jèrriais]] | Jèrriais | Jèrriais | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>natural language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q181227' | [[Jörmungandr]] | Jörmungandr | Jörmungandr | meethological serpent<br/>Norse meethical animal<br/>eschatological figure | mythological serpent<br/>Norse mythical animal<br/>eschatological figure |- class='wd_q29466' | [[Kaaba]] | Kaaba | Kaaba | sacred place | sacred place |- class='wd_q152659' | [[Kafr Qasim]] | Kafr Qasim | Kafr Qasim | [[ceety]]<br/>city council | city<br/>city council |- class='wd_q179570' | [[Kairouan]] | Kairouan | Kairouan | municipality of Tunisia | municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q179959' | [[kakapo]] | Kakapo | Kakapo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q605160' | [[Kamëz]] | Kamëz | Kamëz | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>average city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>average city |- class='wd_q5070208' | [[kangaroo]] | kangaroo | Kangaroo | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q181557' | [[Kaohsiung]] | Kaohsiung | Kaohsiung | special municipality | special municipality |- class='wd_q36121' | [[Kapampangan leid]] | Kapampangan | Kapampangan leid | leid | language |- class='wd_q192273' | [[Karelie]] | Karelia | Karelie | historical region<br/>cultural region | historical region<br/>cultural region |- class='wd_q3037' | [[Kathmandu]] | Kathmandu | Kathmandu | [[ceety]]<br/>[[municipality]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>largest city | city<br/>municipality<br/>federal capital<br/>big city<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q134301' | [[Katyn massacre]] | Katyn massacre | Katyn massacre | war crime<br/>[[mass murther]]<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre | war crime<br/>mass murder<br/>mass killings under communist regimes<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q46702' | [[Kavajë]] | Kavajë | Kavajë | [[ceety]]<br/>human settlement<br/>small city | city<br/>human settlement<br/>small city |- class='wd_q20064322' | [[Kavurma]] | kavurma | Kavurma | cold cut | cold cut |- class='wd_q6379727' | [[Kawasaki 454 LTD]] | Kawasaki 454 LTD | Kawasaki 454 LTD | motorcycle model | motorcycle model |- class='wd_q164234' | [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa]] | Kawasaki | Kawasaki, Kanagawa | [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]<br/>satellite city<br/>city designated by government ordinance | city of Japan<br/>satellite city<br/>city designated by government ordinance |- class='wd_q239928' | [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] | Kay Bailey Hutchison | Kay Bailey Hutchison | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181598' | [[Keeng Lear]] | King Lear | Keeng Lear | dramatic work | dramatic work |- class='wd_q31747665' | [[King o Ingland|Keeng o Ingland]] | Q31747665 | King o Ingland | | |- class='wd_q378560' | [[Leest o pechtish kings|Keeng o the Pechts]] | list of kings of the Picts | Leest o pechtish kings | poseetion<br/>Wikimedia information list | position<br/>Wikimedia information list |- class='wd_q182209' | [[keeng penguin]] | King Penguin | Keeng penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q564288' | [[Keeng Wu o Qin]] | King Wu of Qin | Keeng Wu o Qin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q470072' | [[Keeng Zhou o Shang]] | King Zhou of Shang | Keeng Zhou o Shang | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q79915' | [[keeng's fisher]] | Common Kingfisher | Keeng's fisher | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q547122' | [[Keith O'Brien]] | Keith O'Brien | Keith O'Brien | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q387278' | [[Kellas cat]] | Kellas cat | Kellas cat | hybrid | hybrid |- class='wd_q294436' | [[Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q868654' | [[Kelso, Washington|Kelso]] | Kelso | Kelso, Washington | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q3194941' | [[Kelso RFC]] | Kelso RFC | Kelso RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q298263' | [[Kenneth MacAlpin]] | Kenneth MacAlpin | Kenneth MacAlpin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1740370' | [[Kezia Dugdale]] | Kezia Dugdale | Kezia Dugdale | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42034' | [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]] | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | Khadija bint Khuwaylid | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1429685' | [[Khagrachari Destrict]] | Khagrachari District | Khagrachari Destrict | district of Bangladesh | district of Bangladesh |- class='wd_q696241' | [[Khanate o Kokand]] | Khanate of Kokand | Khanate o Kokand | khanate<br/>historical state | khanate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q6320' | [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]<br/>[[autonomous okrugs o Roushie]] | federal subject of Russia<br/>autonomous district of Russia |- class='wd_q310114' | [[Khartoum North]] | Khartoum North | Khartoum North | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q33614' | [[Khoisan leids]] | Khoisan | Khoisan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q109092' | [[Kilkenny]] | Kilkenny | Kilkenny | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland | city<br/>town<br/>Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland<br/>town council in the Republic of Ireland |- class='wd_q329477' | [[kilometre zero]] | kilometre zero | Kilometre zero | | |- class='wd_q254630' | [[kinkajou]] | kinkajou | Kinkajou | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107299' | [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]] | Kingdom of Northumbria | Kinrick o Northumbrie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q45670' | [[Kinrick o Portugal]] | Kingdom of Portugal | Kinrick o Portugal | kingdom<br/>dual monarchy<br/>historical state<br/>colonial power | kingdom<br/>dual monarchy<br/>historical country<br/>colonial power |- class='wd_q833607' | [[Kirk's dik-dik]] | Kirk's dik-dik | Kirk's dik-dik | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q208329' | [[Kirkwaa]] | Kirkwall | Kirkwaa | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q83232' | [[Kiruna]] | Kiruna | Kiruna | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden | human settlement<br/>urban area in Sweden |- class='wd_q33583' | [[Kirundi]] | Kirundi | Kirundi | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q501543' | [[Kiryat Malakhi]] | Kiryat Malachi | Kiryat Malakhi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q745751' | [[kit tod]] | kit fox | Kit tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q107061' | [[Kite (geometry)|kite]] | kite | Kite (geometry) | | |- class='wd_q80357904' | [[Klepetan an Malena]] | Klepetan and Malena | Klepetan an Malena | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo | individual animal<br/>dyad<br/>animal duo |- class='wd_q36101' | [[koala]] | koala | Koala | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q211042' | [[kodkod]] | kodkod | Kodkod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q378846' | [[koi]] | koi | Koi | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q779745' | [[Koinobori]] | koinobori | Koinobori | banner (flag) | banner (flag) |- class='wd_q4504' | [[Komodo draigon]] | Komodo dragon | Komodo draigon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48472' | [[Konye-Urgench]] | Köneürgenç | Konye-Urgench | city of Turkmenistan<br/>archaeological site | city of Turkmenistan<br/>archaeological site |- class='wd_q1579864' | [[Korowai fowk]] | Korowai people | Korowai fowk | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians | ethnic groups in Indonesia<br/>native Indonesians |- class='wd_q659042' | [[Korydallos]] | Korydallos | Korydallos | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q116341' | [[Korçë]] | Korçë | Korçë | [[ceety]]<br/>[[toun]]<br/>human settlement | city<br/>town<br/>human settlement |- class='wd_q28729' | [[Kozhikode]] | Kozhikode | Kozhikode | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q925042' | [[Krampus]] | Krampus | Krampus | figure used in threatening children<br/>Popanz<br/>meethical character<br/>folklore character | figure used in threatening children<br/>Q2104078<br/>mythical character<br/>folklore character |- class='wd_q1768091' | [[Kuressaare Castle]] | Kuressaare Castle | Kuressaare Castle | [[castle]] | castle |- class='wd_q15470' | [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]] | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Catalonia | big city<br/>municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q1038912' | [[La Costa Partido]] | La Costa Partido | La Costa Partido | [[municipality]]<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province | municipality<br/>partido of Buenos Aires Province |- class='wd_q549267' | [[Laacher See]] | Laacher See | Laacher See | volcanic crater lake | volcanic crater lake |- class='wd_q9630' | [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]] | Labour Party | Labour Pairty (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q36196' | [[Judaeo-Spaingie|Ladino leid]] | Judaeo-Spanish | Judaeo-Spaingie | dialect family | dialect family |- class='wd_q172284' | [[Lady and the Tramp]] | Lady and the Tramp | Lady and the Tramp | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q6470210' | [[Lady Grizel Baillie]] | Grizel Baillie | Lady Grizel Baillie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q162356' | [[Lady Jane Grey]] | Lady Jane Greykjbh | Lady Jane Grey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q53662' | [[Laika]] | Laika | Laika | [[dug]]<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal | dog<br/>Soviet space dog<br/>individual animal |- class='wd_q12585' | [[Laitin Americae]] | Latin America | Laitin Americae | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q15523' | [[Loch Como|Lake Como]] | Lake Como | Loch Como | glacial lake | glacial lake |- class='wd_q462804' | [[Lakewood, Colorado|Lakewood]] | Lakewood | Lakewood, Colorado | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q21742' | [[Lamiales]] | Q21742 | Lamiales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48780586' | [[Larry Dean (comedian)|Larry Dean]] | Larry Dean | Larry Dean (comedian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185' | [[Larry Sanger]] | Larry Sanger | Larry Sanger | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q14480' | [[Las Cabras]] | Las Cabras | Las Cabras | commune o Chile<br/>city in Chile | commune of Chile<br/>city in Chile |- class='wd_q3241535' | [[Latino Moderne]] | Latino moderne | Latino Moderne | [[constructit leid]] | constructed language |- class='wd_q697175' | [[launch vehicle]] | launch vehicle | Launch vehicle | | |- class='wd_q26538' | [[Lauraceae]] | Lauraceae | Lauraceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171892' | [[Lavandula]] | Lavandula | Lavandula | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164321' | [[law o cosines]] | law of cosines | Law o cosines | theorem | theorem |- class='wd_q42497' | [[Lawer Austrick]] | Lower Austria | Lawer Austrick | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region | federal state of Austria<br/>historical region |- class='wd_q294144' | [[Lea Salonga]] | Lea Salonga | Lea Salonga | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9624' | [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]] | Liberal Democrats | Leeberal Democrats (UK) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q6216' | [[leeberalism]] | liberalism | Leeberalism | [[Poleetical philosophy|poleetical filosofie]]<br/>social philosophy<br/>poleetical ideology | political philosophy<br/>social philosophy<br/>political ideology |- class='wd_q1023630' | [[leet o current heids o state an govrenment]] | List of current heads of state and government | Leet o current heids o state an govrenment | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q11750' | [[Leet o kintras]] | list of sovereign states | Leet o kintras | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q260023' | [[Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area|leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi aurie]] | list of countries and dependencies by area | Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area | Wikimedia ranked list | Wikimedia ranked list |- class='wd_q182162' | [[Leet o Swadish monarchs]] | list of Swedish monarchs | Leet o Swadish monarchs | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q2364801' | [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey]] | list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey | Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q789447' | [[Caurie-fistit|left-haundit]] | left-handedness | Caurie-fistit | handedness | handedness |- class='wd_q186462' | [[Lemuridae]] | Lemuridae | Lemuridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1817577' | [[Leng Tch'e]] | Leng Tch'e | Leng Tch'e | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q7243' | [[Leo Tolstoy]] | Leo Tolstoy | Leo Tolstoy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1728820' | [[Leo Varadkar]] | Leo Varadkar | Leo Varadkar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192695' | [[Leon M. Lederman]] | Leon M. Lederman | Leon M. Lederman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42627' | [[leopard cat]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | Leopard cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q93259' | [[Lesser Antilles]] | Lesser Antilles | Lesser Antilles | airchipelago | archipelago |- class='wd_q83193' | [[lettuce]] | Lactuca sativa | Lettuce | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q363778' | [[Lewis an Harris]] | Lewis and Harris | Lewis an Harris | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q38082' | [[Lewis Carroll]] | Lewis Carroll | Lewis Carroll | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19875108' | [[Leyland 4-tonne truck]] | Leyland 4-tonne truck | Leyland 4-tonne truck | truck model<br/>military vehicle model | truck model<br/>military vehicle model |- class='wd_q31746' | [[Lezgian leid]] | Lezgian | Lezgian leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1129737' | [[Lezgins]] | Lezgins | Lezgins | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q4612907' | [[LGBT richts muivement]] | LGBTQ movements | LGBT richts muivement | social movement<br/>field of work | social movement<br/>field of work |- class='wd_q202435' | [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]] | lieutenancy area of Scotland | Lieutenancy areas o Scotland | | |- class='wd_q747404' | [[Limescale]] | limescale | Limescale | | |- class='wd_q165838' | [[limnologie]] | limnology | Limnologie | special field<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q80839' | [[lingua franca]] | lingua franca | Lingua franca | type of language | type of language |- class='wd_q8162' | [[lingueestics]] | linguistics | Lingueestics | special field<br/>field o study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline | field of study<br/>academic major<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q157896' | [[Linum catharticum]] | Linum catharticum | Linum catharticum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q388' | [[Linux]] | Linux | Linux | [[saftware]] | software |- class='wd_q140' | [[lion]] | lion | Lion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q287975' | [[Liopleurodon]] | Liopleurodon | Liopleurodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q3490' | [[Lipetsk]] | Lipetsk | Lipetsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q11367' | [[lipid]] | lipid | Lipid | imprecise class of chemical entities | imprecise class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q18858' | [[Little whaup]] | Eurasian Whimbrel | Little whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8172269' | [[Liv and Maddie]] | Liv and Maddie | Liv and Maddie | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q6660222' | [[Liz Lochhead]] | Liz Lochhead | Liz Lochhead | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q203137' | [[Loch Inari]] | Lake Inari | Loch Inari | [[loch]]<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond | lake<br/>reservoir<br/>lake or pond |- class='wd_q7240' | [[Lockheed Martin]] | Lockheed Martin | Lockheed Martin | public company<br/>defense contractor | public company<br/>defense contractor |- class='wd_q207540' | [[Lod]] | Lod | Lod | [[ceety]]<br/>depopulated Palestinian village | city<br/>depopulated Palestinian village |- class='wd_q230493' | [[Long Beach]] | Long Beach | Long Beach | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q23393' | [[Lord's Prayer]] | Lord's Prayer | Lord's Prayer | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament | excerpt<br/>logion<br/>Christian prayer<br/>prayer in the New Testament |- class='wd_q177854' | [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] | Lorenzo de' Medici | Lorenzo de' Medici | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q65' | [[Los Angeles]] | Los Angeles | Los Angeles | charter ceety | charter city |- class='wd_q152463' | [[Louis the German]] | Louis the German | Louis the German | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43668' | [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] | Louisville | Louisville, Kentucky | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q1358865' | [[Lucenzo]] | Lucenzo | Lucenzo | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41805' | [[Lucia de Berk]] | Lucia de Berk | Lucia de Berk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q47916' | [[Lucknow]] | Lucknow | Lucknow | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city | big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q9325' | [[Lufthansa]] | Lufthansa | Lufthansa | airline<br/>public company | airline<br/>public company |- class='wd_q134279' | [[Luhansk]] | Luhansk | Luhansk | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine | city or town<br/>city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q26901' | [[Luis Antonio Tagle]] | Luis Antonio Tagle | Luis Antonio Tagle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q191634' | [[Luiz Felipe Scolari]] | Luiz Felipe Scolari | Luiz Felipe Scolari | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1159913' | [[Luna 1]] | Luna 1 | Luna 1 | lunar probe<br/>artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>flyby probe | lunar probe<br/>artificial satellite of the Sun<br/>flyby probe |- class='wd_q84' | [[Lunnon]] | London | Lunnon | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>poleetical diveesion<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>political territorial entity<br/>financial center<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q187136' | [[Luoyang]] | Luoyang | Luoyang | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>former capital | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city<br/>former capital |- class='wd_q212725' | [[Lupang Hinirang]] | Lupang Hinirang | Lupang Hinirang | [[Naitional anthem]] | national anthem |- class='wd_q937595' | [[Lusitano]] | Lusitano | Lusitano | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q164193' | [[Lviv Oblast]] | Lviv Oblast | Lviv Oblast | oblast o Ukraine | oblast of Ukraine |- class='wd_q132687' | [[Lycalopex]] | South American foxes | Lycalopex | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q173651' | [[African wild dug|Lycaon pictus]] | African wild dog | African wild dug | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13182' | [[lychee]] | Litchi chinensis | Lychee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q201989' | [[Lyme disease]] | Lyme disease | Lyme disease | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q677014' | [[Lynx]] | Lynx | Lynx | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q131680' | [[Lystrosaurus]] | Lystrosaurus | Lystrosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q484675' | [[Léon: The Professional]] | Léon: The Professional | Léon: The Professional | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q3920' | [[Lüneburg]] | Lüneburg | Lüneburg | destrict caipital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic ceety<br/>college toun<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony | district capital<br/>major regional center<br/>Hanseatic city<br/>college town<br/>large independent city of Lower Saxony<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony |- class='wd_q878309' | [[Lý dynasty]] | Ly dynasty | Lý dynasty | dynasty<br/>historical state | dynasty<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q246154' | [[M (James Bond)|M]] | M | M (James Bond) | feectional human<br/>film character | fictional human<br/>film character |- class='wd_q170318' | [[M16 rifle|M16]] | M16 rifle | M16 rifle | firearm model | firearm model |- class='wd_q310041' | [[Macadamia]] | Macadamia | Macadamia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q405487' | [[Macanese fowk]] | Macanese | Macanese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q360317' | [[Mackem]] | Mackem | Mackem | nickname | nickname |- class='wd_q23193' | [[Macropodidae]] | Macropodidae | Macropodidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174322' | [[Macropus]] | Macropus | Macropus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188965' | [[Madame de Pompadour]] | Madame de Pompadour | Madame de Pompadour | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3276756' | [[Magenta]] | magenta | Magenta | primary colour | primary color |- class='wd_q16727932' | [[Maggie Chapman]] | Maggie Chapman | Maggie Chapman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172653' | [[Maggie Smith]] | Q172653 | Maggie Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q12519' | [[Magna Carta]] | Magna Carta | Magna Carta | charter | charter |- class='wd_q1307177' | [[Magneto]] | magneto | Magneto | | |- class='wd_q120228' | [[Magnoliaceae]] | Magnoliaceae | Magnoliaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1137750' | [[Magnox]] | Magnox | Magnox | Generation I reactor | Generation I reactor |- class='wd_q106807' | [[Magnus Carlsen]] | Magnus Carlsen | Magnus Carlsen | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q522317' | [[Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney | Magnus Erlendsson, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3277252' | [[Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney]] | Magnus II, Earl of Orkney | Magnus II, Yerl o Orkney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1191' | [[Maharashtra]] | Maharashtra | Maharashtra | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q26055' | [[Mairtin (bird)|mairtin]] | Common House Martin | Mairtin (bird) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q192710' | [[Malayan tapir]] | Malayan tapir | Malayan tapir | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q833' | [[Malaysie]] | Malaysia | Malaysie | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental | country<br/>sovereign state<br/>country sometimes considered transcontinental |- class='wd_q15944677' | [[Malaysie–Turkey relations]] | Malaysia–Turkey relations | Malaysie–Turkey relations | bilateral relation | bilateral relation |- class='wd_q156551' | [[Malvaceae]] | Malvaceae | Malvaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9347' | [[Malé]] | Malé | Malé | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city<br/>national capital | city<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city<br/>national capital |- class='wd_q131038' | [[Mamenchisaurus]] | Mamenchisaurus | Mamenchisaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q132676' | [[Mamoudzou]] | Mamoudzou | Mamoudzou | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q170070' | [[Manaslu]] | Manaslu | Manaslu | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q502269' | [[Manassas Park, Virginie|Manassas Park]] | Manassas Park | Manassas Park, Virginie | independent ceety<br/>independent city in Virginia | independent city in the United States<br/>independent city in Virginia |- class='wd_q40236' | [[Manaus]] | Manaus | Manaus | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil | big city<br/>municipality of Brazil |- class='wd_q145665' | [[Manchu fowk]] | Manchu | Manchu fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q125337' | [[Mandarin oranger]] | Citrus reticulata | Mandarin oranger | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q223587' | [[Mansoura]] | Mansoura | Mansoura | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1208529' | [[manual transmission]] | manual transmission | Manual transmission | | |- class='wd_q5816' | [[Mao Zedong]] | Mao Zedong | Mao Zedong | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q167651' | [[Maoism]] | Maoism | Maoism | poleetical ideology | political ideology |- class='wd_q42292' | [[maple]] | Acer | Maple | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3289612' | [[Marcelline Akinocho]] | Marcelline Akinocho | Marcelline Akinocho | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22951255' | [[Marcus Rashford]] | Marcus Rashford | Marcus Rashford | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q202342' | [[Margaret Court]] | Margaret Court | Margaret Court | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2415217' | [[Margaret Oliphant]] | Margaret Oliphant | Margaret Oliphant | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7416' | [[Margaret Thatcher]] | Margaret Thatcher | Margaret Thatcher | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q192421' | [[margay]] | margay | Margay | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11666' | [[Maria Sharapova]] | Maria Sharapova | Maria Sharapova | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131706' | [[Maria Theresa]] | Maria Theresa of Austria | Maria Theresa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q107041' | [[Marianne Beuchert]] | Marianne Beuchert | Marianne Beuchert | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q467538' | [[Marisol Valles Garcia]] | Marisol Valles Garcia | Marisol Valles Garcia | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q22694' | [[marjoram]] | marjoram | Marjoram | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6766286' | [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin]] | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | Marjorie Housepian Dobkin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q187927' | [[Markhor]] | Markhor | Markhor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25336' | [[marsupial]] | marsupial | Marsupial | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57689' | [[Martin McGuinness]] | Martin McGuinness | Martin McGuinness | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11820' | [[Martin Van Buren]] | Martin Van Buren | Martin Van Buren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q642878' | [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] | Marvel Cinematic Universe | Marvel Cinematic Universe | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>shared universe<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q3296149' | [[Mary Brunton]] | Mary Brunton | Mary Brunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174662' | [[Mary McAleese]] | Mary McAleese | Mary McAleese | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41342' | [[Mary Tyler Moore]] | Mary Tyler Moore | Mary Tyler Moore | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11423' | [[mass]] | mass | Mass | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity | ISQ base quantity<br/>kind of quantity |- class='wd_q5676' | [[Matsuo Bashō|Matsuo Basho]] | Matsuo Bashō | Matsuo Bashō | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131230' | [[Mauna Kea]] | Mauna Kea | Mauna Kea | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q159762' | [[Mauna Loa]] | Mauna Loa | Mauna Loa | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform | shield volcano<br/>volcanic landform |- class='wd_q49747' | [[Maurice Maeterlinck]] | Maurice Maeterlinck | Maurice Maeterlinck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q111' | [[Maurs]] | Mars | Maurs | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System | superior planet<br/>inner planet of the Solar System |- class='wd_q9021' | [[Max Planck]] | Max Planck | Max Planck | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44319' | [[Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie]] | Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria | Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150726' | [[Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor]] | Maximilian I | Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25814075' | [[First May meenistry|May meenistry]] | First May ministry | First May meenistry | Cabinet of the United Kingdom | Cabinet of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q1484' | [[Mayon Volcano]] | Mayon Volcano | Mayon Volcano | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>summit | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>summit |- class='wd_q308864' | [[Mazandaran Province]] | Mazandaran Province | Mazandaran Province | [[Provinces o Iran]] | province of Iran |- class='wd_q3235204' | [[Mazda Lantis]] | Mazda Lantis | Mazda Lantis | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5253543' | [[Mazda Navajo]] | Mazda Navajo | Mazda Navajo | car model | car model |- class='wd_q482988' | [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]] | Poland Is Not Yet Lost | Mazurek Dąbrowskiego | [[Naitional anthem]]<br/>musical work/composition | national anthem<br/>musical work/composition |- class='wd_q201815' | [[McDonnell Douglas]] | McDonnell Douglas | McDonnell Douglas | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>umwhile entity | aerospace manufacturer<br/>defense contractor<br/>former entity |- class='wd_q151432' | [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q62161' | [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | McDonnell Douglas MD-11 | aircraft faimily | aircraft family |- class='wd_q51697' | [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] | McKinney | McKinney, Texas | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q69488' | [[MDMA]] | MDMA | MDMA | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers | pharmaceutical product<br/>group of stereoisomers |- class='wd_q42229' | [[Mel Gibson]] | Mel Gibson | Mel Gibson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q432473' | [[Melania Trump]] | Melania Trump | Melania Trump | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q33349' | [[Melitopol]] | Melitopol | Melitopol | city of regional significance of Ukraine | city of regional significance of Ukraine |- class='wd_q253918' | [[Melodic daith metal]] | melodic death metal | Melodic daith metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q47859' | [[Mentha]] | Q47859 | Mentha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156153' | [[Menyanthes|Menyanthes trifoliata]] | Menyanthes trifoliata | Menyanthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178197' | [[Mercenar|Mercenary]] | mercenary | Mercenar | [[profession]] | profession |- class='wd_q1747363' | [[Meriden, Wast Midlands|Meriden]] | Meriden | Meriden, Wast Midlands | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q81102410' | [[Messier 81]] | Messier 81 | Messier 81 | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy | active galactic nucleus<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>astrophysical X-ray source<br/>infrared source<br/>Seyfert 2 galaxy |- class='wd_q14026' | [[Messier 82]] | Messier 82 | Messier 82 | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies | irregular galaxy<br/>interacting galaxy<br/>starburst galaxy<br/>edge-on galaxy<br/>luminous infrared galaxy<br/>astronomical radio source<br/>interacting galaxies |- class='wd_q380' | [[Meta Platforms]] | Meta Platforms | Meta Platforms | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>technology company | public company<br/>online service provider<br/>business<br/>technology company |- class='wd_q283789' | [[Metal rectifier]] | metal rectifier | Metal rectifier | | |- class='wd_q15920' | [[Metallica]] | Metallica | Metallica | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q14982' | [[methanol]] | methanol | Methanol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q179200' | [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | film production company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | film production company<br/>business |- class='wd_q16665897' | [[Metropolis o Lyon]] | Metropolis of Lyon | Metropolis o Lyon | [[metropolis]]<br/>métropole<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status | metropolis<br/>métropole<br/>territorial collectivity of France with special status |- class='wd_q174273' | [[meyflee]] | Ephemeroptera | Meyflee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13357' | [[Meänkieli leid]] | Meänkieli | Meänkieli leid | [[Byleid|dialect]]<br/>leid<br/>minority language<br/>modern language | dialect<br/>language<br/>minority language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q128933' | [[Michaëlle Jean]] | Michaëlle Jean | Michaëlle Jean | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q10731' | [[Mick Foley]] | Mick Foley | Mick Foley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6838600' | [[Mickey Cobras]] | Mickey Cobras | Mickey Cobras | gang | gang |- class='wd_q188443' | [[Micronaition|Micronation]] | micronation | Micronaition | former or current state | former or current state |- class='wd_q46384' | [[microphone]] | microphone | Microphone | | |- class='wd_q7204' | [[Middle East]] | Middle East | Middle East | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region | cultural region<br/>transcontinental region |- class='wd_q18661' | [[Middlesbrough F.C.]] | Middlesbrough F.C. | Middlesbrough F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q54238' | [[Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut|Middlesex Coonty]] | Middlesex County | Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut | county of Connecticut | county of Connecticut |- class='wd_q355382' | [[Midge Ure]] | Midge Ure | Midge Ure | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q24313' | [[Mike Pence]] | Mike Pence | Mike Pence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185572' | [[Mikel Arteta]] | Mikel Arteta | Mikel Arteta | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q30487' | [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] | Mikhail Gorbachev | Mikhail Gorbachev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37836' | [[Milwaukee]] | Milwaukee | Milwaukee | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-class city | county seat<br/>big city<br/>first-class city |- class='wd_q49740' | [[Minecraft]] | Minecraft | Minecraft | [[video gemme]]<br/>esports discipline | video game<br/>esports discipline |- class='wd_q3352' | [[Miranda (muin)|Miranda]] | Miranda | Miranda (muin) | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon | moon of Uranus<br/>regular moon |- class='wd_q5104' | [[Miranda Cosgrove]] | Miranda Cosgrove | Miranda Cosgrove | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3818116' | [[Misao Okawa]] | Misao Okawa | Misao Okawa | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q178665' | [[Mitanni]] | Mitanni | Mitanni | kingdom<br/>historical state | kingdom<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q185126' | [[Mithridates VI o Pontus]] | Mithridates VI of Pontus | Mithridates VI o Pontus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q183275' | [[Mitsubishi]] | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | corporate group<br/>conglomerate<br/>umbrella brand<br/>privately held company<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939855' | [[Mitsubishi Freeca]] | Mitsubishi Freeca | Mitsubishi Freeca | car model | car model |- class='wd_q12244224' | [[Moez Kamoun]] | Moez Kamoun | Moez Kamoun | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6892571' | [[Mohammad bin Salman]] | Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud | Mohammad bin Salman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q310592' | [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]] | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | Mohammad-Ali Rajai | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11369' | [[molecule]] | molecule | Molecule | group or class of chemical entities | group or class of chemical entities |- class='wd_q15624' | [[Molins de Rei]] | Molins de Rei | Molins de Rei | municipality of Catalonia | municipality of Catalonia |- class='wd_q3074303' | [[Momoko Kōchi]] | Momoko Kōchi | Momoko Kōchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q116' | [[monarch]] | monarch | Monarch | ryal or noble rank<br/>poseetion | noble title<br/>position |- class='wd_q159496' | [[Moneses]] | Moneses | Moneses | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q33750' | [[Mongolic leids]] | Mongolic | Mongolic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9246' | [[Mongolien leid|Mongolie leid]] | Mongolian | Mongolien leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q41975' | [[Mongols]] | Mongols | Mongols | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q78961' | [[Monocotyledon|monocots]] | Q78961 | Monocotyledon | clade | clade |- class='wd_q6901674' | [[Monolit]] | Monolit | Monolit | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q179678' | [[monosodium glutamate]] | monosodium L-glutamate | Monosodium glutamate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q21790' | [[Monotreme]] | monotreme | Monotreme | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q72303' | [[Moont Ararat]] | Mount Ararat | Moont Ararat | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]] | volcano<br/>mountain<br/>stratovolcano |- class='wd_q215471' | [[Moont Hermon]] | Mount Hermon | Moont Hermon | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place | mountain<br/>highest point<br/>biblical place |- class='wd_q172070' | [[Moont Kenyae]] | Mount Kenya | Moont Kenyae | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q60967' | [[Moont Kinabalu]] | Mount Kinabalu | Moont Kinabalu | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>WWF ecoregion | mountain<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q120306' | [[Moont Logan]] | Mount Logan | Moont Logan | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q4777' | [[Moont Roraima]] | Mount Roraima | Moont Roraima | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>tepui | mountain<br/>tepui |- class='wd_q18391151' | [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]] | Moorside Nuclear Project | Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station | [[pouer station]] | power station |- class='wd_q1020416' | [[Morazán, El Progreso|Morazán]] | Morazán | Morazán, El Progreso | municipality of Guatemala | municipality of Guatemala |- class='wd_q3901' | [[Moroni, Comoros]] | Moroni | Moroni, Comoros | [[ceety]]<br/>federal caipital<br/>human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>federal capital<br/>human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q312131' | [[Mosasaurus]] | Mosasaurus | Mosasaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q20511863' | [[Moses Housepian]] | Moses Housepian | Moses Housepian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q175117' | [[Moskva River]] | Moskva River | Moskva River | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q188982' | [[Mount Erebus]] | Mount Erebus | Mount Erebus | [[Volcanae]]<br/>[[Moontain|muntain]] | volcano<br/>mountain |- class='wd_q405' | [[Muin]] | Moon | Muin | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon | regular moon<br/>planetary-mass moon<br/>planetary moon |- class='wd_q1438673' | [[Mulguy]] | Milngavie | Mulguy | [[toun]]<br/>small burgh | town<br/>small burgh |- class='wd_q111444' | [[Mull]] | Isle of Mull | Mull | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q612229' | [[Municipalities o Estonie]] | municipality of Estonia | Municipalities o Estonie | | |- class='wd_q3500564' | [[Municipalities o Nuevo León]] | Municipalities of Nuevo León | Municipalities o Nuevo León | Dayana | Dayana |- class='wd_q819825' | [[muntain bluebird]] | Sialia currucoides | Muntain bluebird | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q233956' | [[Muriel Spark]] | Muriel Spark | Muriel Spark | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q209341' | [[Musala]] | Musala | Musala | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak | mountain<br/>two-thousander<br/>ultra-prominent peak<br/>highest point<br/>main peak |- class='wd_q211848' | [[mustang]] | mustang | Mustang | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q5415' | [[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]] | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q210975' | [[Mycoplasma]] | Mycoplasma | Mycoplasma | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41572' | [[Mykolaiv]] | Mykolaiv | Mykolaiv | city in Ukraine | city in Ukraine |- class='wd_q843892' | [[Myricaceae]] | Myricaceae | Myricaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q839805' | [[Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina|Myrtle Beach]] | Myrtle Beach | Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q849822' | [[Mägo de Oz]] | Mägo de Oz | Mägo de Oz | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q932791' | [[Nae true Scotsman]] | no true Scotsman | Nae true Scotsman | | |- class='wd_q168193' | [[Najaf]] | Najaf | Najaf | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q517' | [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] | Napoleon | Napoleon | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9174561' | [[Nardus]] | Nardus | Nardus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q217096' | [[Naruhito]] | Naruhito | Naruhito | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q159426' | [[narwhal]] | narwhal | Narwhal | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23197' | [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] | Nashville | Nashville, Tennessee | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q26334' | [[National Rail]] | National Rail | National Rail | transport network<br/>brand name | transport network<br/>brand name |- class='wd_q7184' | [[NATO]] | NATO | NATO | intergovrenmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition | intergovernmental organization<br/>international organization<br/>military alliance<br/>multinational military coalition |- class='wd_q4508' | [[Navy]] | navy | Navy | | |- class='wd_q37400' | [[Naypyidaw]] | Naypyidaw | Naypyidaw | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>planned national capital<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q4796' | [[Naypyidaw Union Territory]] | Naypyidaw Union Territory | Naypyidaw Union Territory | union territory of Myanmar | union territory of Myanmar |- class='wd_q683695' | [[Nazareth (baund)|Nazareth]] | Nazareth | Nazareth (baund) | rock baund | rock band |- class='wd_q75818970' | [[Neale Hanvey]] | Neale Hanvey | Neale Hanvey | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q181843' | [[necrophilia]] | necrophilia | Necrophilia | | |- class='wd_q6988888' | [[Neil M. Gunn]] | Neil M. Gunn | Neil M. Gunn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q16528' | [[Nelumbo nucifera]] | Nelumbo nucifera | Nelumbo nucifera | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5185' | [[nematode]] | Nematoda | Nematode | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5186' | [[Nematomorpha]] | Nematomorpha | Nematomorpha | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185631' | [[Nemertea]] | Nemertea | Nemertea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q185747' | [[Nemesis (meethologie)|Nemesis]] | Nemesis | Nemesis (meethologie) | [[Oceanid|Okeanid]]<br/>Greek deity | Oceanids<br/>Greek deity |- class='wd_q153996' | [[Nena]] | Nena | Nena | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q217530' | [[Nepenthes]] | Nepenthes | Nepenthes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7408434' | [[Nevada City, Nevada|Nevada City]] | Nevada City | Nevada City, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q207794' | [[Nevis]] | Nevis | Nevis | [[island]]<br/>constituent state<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion | island<br/>federated state<br/>first-level administrative division |- class='wd_q34404' | [[New Orleans]] | New Orleans | New Orleans | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>consolidatit ceety–coonty | city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>consolidated city-county |- class='wd_q60' | [[New York Ceety]] | New York City | New York Ceety | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>[[metropolis]]<br/>[[global ceety]]<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety<br/>ceeties in New York<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>metropolis<br/>global city<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>port city<br/>city in the state of New York<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q131364' | [[New York Knicks]] | New York Knicks | New York Knicks | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q142794' | [[Neymar]] | Neymar | Neymar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q154958' | [[Nickelodeon]] | Nickelodeon | Nickelodeon | specialty channel<br/>televeesion station<br/>cable channel | specialty channel<br/>television station<br/>cable channel |- class='wd_q30302391' | [[Nicolas van Beveren]] | Nicolas van Beveren | Nicolas van Beveren | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q80968' | [[nihilism]] | nihilism | Nihilism | doctrine | doctrine |- class='wd_q813935' | [[Nihon Shoki]] | Nihon Shoki | Nihon Shoki | historical non-fiction work | historical non-fiction work |- class='wd_q152218' | [[Nine Years' War]] | Nine Years' War | Nine Years' War | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q50825725' | [[Ninja (streamer)|Ninja]] | Ninja | Ninja (streamer) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q19610114' | [[Nintendo Switch]] | Q19610114 | Nintendo Switch | product model | product model |- class='wd_q83320' | [[nitric acid]] | nitric acid | Nitric acid | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q162867' | [[nitroglycerin]] | nitroglycerin | Nitroglycerin | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q35637' | [[Nobel Peace Prize]] | Nobel Peace Prize | Nobel Peace Prize | peace award | peace award |- class='wd_q7047857' | [[Nokhur|Nohur]] | Nohur | Nokhur | village of Turkmenistan | village of Turkmenistan |- class='wd_q34708' | [[Norfolk (disambiguation)|Norfolk]] | Norfolk | Norfolk (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q40347' | [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]] | Norman | Norman, Oklahoma | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1999640' | [[Norman Lloyd]] | Norman Lloyd | Norman Lloyd | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q160318' | [[Norodom Sihanouk]] | Norodom Sihanouk | Norodom Sihanouk | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188779' | [[Norse fowk]] | Norwegians | Norse fowk | nation<br/>[[population]]<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>human population<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q23086' | [[North Yorkshire]] | North Yorkshire | North Yorkshire | ceremonial county of England | ceremonial county of England |- class='wd_q190978' | [[Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team|Northren Ireland naitional fitbaa team]] | Northern Ireland men's national association football team | Norlin Airlan natiounal fitba team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q23079' | [[Northumberland]] | Northumberland | Northumberland | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area | ceremonial county of England<br/>non-metropolitan county<br/>unitary authority area |- class='wd_q1552306' | [[Eastren esk|Notophthalmus viridescens]] | Notophthalmus viridescens | Eastren esk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q6458' | [[Nova]] | nova | Nova | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type | astronomical phenomenon<br/>astronomical object type |- class='wd_q11429' | [[nuclear fission]] | nuclear fission | Nuclear fission | nuclear reaction | nuclear reaction |- class='wd_q134447' | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant | Nuclear pouer station | | |- class='wd_q19921' | [[nuclear winter]] | nuclear winter | Nuclear winter | scientific hypothesis | scientific hypothesis |- class='wd_q489898' | [[Nukus]] | Nukus | Nukus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q242419' | [[numbat]] | numbat | Numbat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2004891' | [[numerical linear algebra]] | numerical linear algebra | Numerical linear algebra | aurie o mathematics | branch of mathematics |- class='wd_q541182' | [[numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]] | numerical method for ordinary differential equations | Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations | | |- class='wd_q147030' | [[Nymphaea alba]] | Nymphaea alba | Nymphaea alba | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q375095' | [[Obligado]] | Obligado | Obligado | municipality of Paraguay | municipality of Paraguay |- class='wd_q131012' | [[Occam's razor]] | Occam's razor | Occam's razor | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law | aphorism<br/>philosophical razor<br/>heuristic argument<br/>epigrammatic law |- class='wd_q182090' | [[oceanic climate]] | oceanic climate | Oceanic climate | category in the Köppen climate classification systems | category in the Köppen climate classification systems |- class='wd_q33261' | [[ocelot]] | ocelot | Ocelot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25331' | [[Odense]] | Odense | Odense | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | big city |- class='wd_q35160' | [[Odyssey]] | Odyssey | Odyssey | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q82037' | [[okapi]] | Okapia johnstoni | Okapi | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q34863' | [[Oklahoma City]] | Oklahoma City | Oklahoma City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1271501' | [[Old Blind Dogs]] | Old Blind Dogs | Old Blind Dogs | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q183529' | [[Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex]] | Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex | Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex | multi-purpose stadium | multi-purpose stadium |- class='wd_q51053' | [[Olivar]] | Olivar | Olivar | commune o Chile | commune of Chile |- class='wd_q208561' | [[olive baboon]] | olive baboon | Olive baboon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q282385' | [[Olive ridley sea turtle]] | Lepidochelys olivacea | Olive ridley sea turtle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q216929' | [[Oliver & Company]] | Oliver & Company | Oliver & Company | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q95068' | [[Olivia de Havilland]] | Olivia de Havilland | Olivia de Havilland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185165' | [[Olivia Newton-John]] | Olivia Newton-John | Olivia Newton-John | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q82765' | [[Olsztyn]] | Olsztyn | Olsztyn | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city |- class='wd_q19628' | [[Olympiacos F.C.]] | Olympiacos F.C. | Olympiacos F.C. | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q2221316' | [[Ommatoiulus sabulosus]] | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | Ommatoiulus sabulosus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5191' | [[Onychophora]] | Onychophora | Onychophora | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4169' | [[Ooter space]] | outer space | Ooter space | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q21834' | [[opossum]] | Q21834 | Opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2028096' | [[Orange]] | Orange | Orange | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1345321' | [[Orange Order]] | Orange Order | Orange Order | fraternal organization<br/>releegious organization | fraternal organization<br/>religious organization |- class='wd_q14420' | [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Order of the British Empire]] | Order of the British Empire | Order o the Breetish Empire | awaird<br/>chivalric order<br/>title o honor | award<br/>order of chivalry<br/>title of honor |- class='wd_q1642345' | [[Orkneyinga saga]] | Orkneyinga saga | Orkneyinga saga | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q33864' | [[Oromo leid]] | Oromo | Oromo leid | leid<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q1327535' | [[orpie]] | Hylotelephium telephium | Orpie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57751738' | [[Coronavirus|Orthocoronavirinae]] | Orthocoronavirinae | Coronavirus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3333484' | [[Orthodox Christianity]] | Eastern Orthodoxy | Orthodox Christianity | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family | Christian denomination<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q19497' | [[Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991)|Oscar]] | Oscar | Oscar (fitbawer, born 1991) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q46491' | [[Osiris]] | Osiris | Osiris | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>naitur deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>dying-and-rising deity<br/>nature deity |- class='wd_q1930' | [[Ottawa]] | Ottawa | Ottawa | federal caipital<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada | federal capital<br/>big city<br/>single-tier municipality<br/>census subdivision in Canada<br/>census division of Canada |- class='wd_q57065' | [[Otto Hahn]] | Otto Hahn | Otto Hahn | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q157106' | [[Ottonian dynasty]] | Ottonian dynasty | Ottonian dynasty | dynasty | dynasty |- class='wd_q209338' | [[Oxnard, Californie|Oxnard]] | Oxnard | Oxnard, Californie | ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q107635' | [[Paektu Muntain]] | Baekdu Mountain | Paektu Muntain | [[Moontain|muntain]]<br/>[[stratovolcano]]<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain | mountain<br/>stratovolcano<br/>territory<br/>sacred mountain |- class='wd_q506646' | [[Pailin]] | Pailin Province | Pailin | province of Cambodia | province of Cambodia |- class='wd_q11010' | [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]] | Parliament of the United Kingdom | Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature | parliament<br/>bicameral legislature |- class='wd_q166794' | [[Pallas's cat]] | Pallas's cat | Pallas's cat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4126704' | [[Common chimpanzee|Pan troglodytes]] | chimpanzee | Common chimpanzee | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q204888' | [[PAOK FC]] | PAOK FC | PAOK FC | men's association football team | men's association football team |- class='wd_q146391' | [[Papaver]] | Papaver | Papaver | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q178799' | [[Pape Benedict IX]] | Benedict IX | Pape Benedict IX | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q118081' | [[Pape Celestine V]] | Celestine V | Pape Celestine V | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q42887' | [[Pape Clement I]] | Clement | Pape Clement I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q170863' | [[Pape Clement VI]] | Clement VI | Pape Clement VI | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q227694' | [[Pape Gregory XII]] | Gregory XII | Pape Gregory XII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q179702' | [[Pape John XVIII]] | John XVIII | Pape John XVIII | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104798' | [[Pape Lando]] | Lando | Pape Lando | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q43954' | [[Pape Leo I]] | Leo I | Pape Leo I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q132113' | [[Pape Pontian]] | Pontian | Pape Pontian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1317905' | [[Papilio polymnestor]] | Papilio polymnestor | Papilio polymnestor | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q274388' | [[Paracel Islands]] | Paracel Islands | Paracel Islands | airchipelago<br/>disputed territory | archipelago<br/>disputed territory |- class='wd_q733' | [[Paraguay]] | Paraguay | Paraguay | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q663181' | [[Pararge aegeria]] | Speckled Wood | Pararge aegeria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q205716' | [[Parazoa]] | Q205716 | Parazoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q167646' | [[Paris (meethologie)|Paris]] | Paris | Paris (meethologie) | mythological Greek character | mythological Greek character |- class='wd_q794866' | [[Paris in the 20th Century]] | Paris in the Twentieth Century | Paris in the 20th Century | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q715935' | [[Park (Korean surname)|Park]] | Park | Park (Korean surname) | faimily name | family name |- class='wd_q31431' | [[Paurit|parrot]] | parrot | Paurit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q188614' | [[parsnip]] | Pastinaca sativa | Parsnip | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58680' | [[Pashto leid]] | Pashto | Pashto leid | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q28753' | [[Passer]] | Passer | Passer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q288419' | [[Pau FC]] | Foot club de Pau | Pau FC | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q3372291' | [[Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson]] | Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson | Paul an Erlend Thorfinnsson | brother duo | brother duo |- class='wd_q128529' | [[Paul Martin]] | Paul Martin | Paul Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25237' | [[pease]] | Pisum sativum | Pease | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184624' | [[peat]] | peat | Peat | | |- class='wd_q939' | [[Pedro I o Brazil|Pedro I]] | Pedro I of Brazil | Pedro I o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156774' | [[Pedro II o Brazil]] | Pedro II of Brazil | Pedro II o Brazil | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9147' | [[penguin]] | penguin | Penguin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q58' | [[Pintle|Penis]] | penis | Pintle | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]<br/>organ type | organ<br/>organ type |- class='wd_q702220' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch]] | Pennsylvania Dutch | Pennsylvanie Dutch | ethnographic group | ethnographic group |- class='wd_q7163723' | [[Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis]] | Pennsylvania Dutch English | Pennsylvanie Dutch Inglis | leid | language |- class='wd_q7165456' | [[People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie)]] | People's Alliance Party | People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie) | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q1232528' | [[Percheron]] | Percheron | Percheron | horse breed | horse breed |- class='wd_q127595' | [[Perciformes]] | Perciformes | Perciformes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q469706' | [[Percy Montgomery]] | Percy Montgomery | Percy Montgomery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q172118' | [[Percy Williams Bridgman]] | Percy Williams Bridgman | Percy Williams Bridgman | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q45967' | [[Persephone]] | Persephone | Persephone | Greek deity | Greek deity |- class='wd_q189762' | [[Peter Carl Fabergé]] | Peter Carl Fabergé | Peter Carl Fabergé | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2074518' | [[Peter Deuflhard]] | Peter Deuflhard | Peter Deuflhard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q825781' | [[Peugeot 405]] | Peugeot 405 | Peugeot 405 | car model | car model |- class='wd_q13423853' | [[PewDiePie]] | PewDiePie | PewDiePie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q104837' | [[Phase (maiter)|phase]] | phase | Phase (maiter) | | |- class='wd_q173227' | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant | Physical constant | | |- class='wd_q130336' | [[phenol]] | phenol | Phenol | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q34417' | [[Philip II o Spain]] | Philip II of Spain | Philip II o Spain | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1817' | [[Philip the Arab]] | Philip the Arab | Philip the Arab | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155004' | [[Philippe o Belgium]] | Philippe of Belgium | Philippe o Belgium | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q185213' | [[Philippine eagle]] | Philippine Eagle | Philippine eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q652973' | [[Buford, Wyoming|PhinDeli Town Buford]] | Buford | Buford, Wyoming | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q217679' | [[Phineas and Ferb]] | Phineas and Ferb | Phineas and Ferb | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q26913' | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | Phoca vitulina | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q164177' | [[Phoenix Suns]] | Phoenix Suns | Phoenix Suns | basketball team | basketball team |- class='wd_q23513' | [[Phong Nha-Ke Bang]] | Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park | Phong Nha-Ke Bang | national park of Vietnam | national park of Vietnam |- class='wd_q238147' | [[Pico de Orizaba]] | Citlaltepetl | Pico de Orizaba | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q26764' | [[Pieris brassicae]] | Pieris brassicae | Pieris brassicae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1064335' | [[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]] | Pig War | Pig War (1859) | [[war]]<br/>territorial dispute | war<br/>territorial dispute |- class='wd_q2756715' | [[Pimpa]] | Pimpa | Pimpa | comics character<br/>fictional dog | comics character<br/>fictional dog |- class='wd_q404116' | [[Pingdingshan]] | Pingdingshan | Pingdingshan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132825' | [[Pinophyta]] | conifer | Pinophyta | [[taxon]]<br/>monotypic taxon | taxon<br/>monotypic taxon |- class='wd_q12024' | [[Pine|Pinus]] | Pinus | Pine | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14371' | [[Pinwheel Galaxy]] | Pinwheel Galaxy | Pinwheel Galaxy | interacting galaxy | interacting galaxy |- class='wd_q156522' | [[Piperaceae]] | Piperaceae | Piperaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25634' | [[pirr-maw]] | Black-headed Gull | Pirr-maw | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q36071' | [[pistachio]] | Pistacia vera | Pistachio | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q45227' | [[Piston]] | piston | Piston | | |- class='wd_q1212935' | [[Efterbirth|placenta]] | placenta | Efterbirth | [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]<br/>organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ<br/>organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q25833' | [[Placentalia]] | Placentalia | Placentalia | clade | clade |- class='wd_q131040' | [[Placozoa]] | Placozoa | Placozoa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27098' | [[plaice]] | Pleuronectes platessa | Plaice | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245305' | [[plains zebra]] | Equus quagga | Plains zebra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q10251' | [[Plasma (pheesics)|plasma]] | plasma | Plasma (pheesics) | fundamental state o the matter<br/>classical state of matter | fundamental state of matter<br/>classical state of matter |- class='wd_q130948' | [[Plasmodium]] | Q130948 | Plasmodium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q15343' | [[platypus]] | platypus | Platypus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q63184502' | [[PlayStation 5]] | Q63184502 | PlayStation 5 | product model | product model |- class='wd_q1290516' | [[Plymouth Breeze]] | Plymouth Breeze | Plymouth Breeze | car model | car model |- class='wd_q19520' | [[Podolsk]] | Podolsk | Podolsk | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q33609' | [[polar beir]] | Ursus maritimus | Polar beir | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator | taxon<br/>apex predator |- class='wd_q35535' | [[polis]] | police | Polis | | |- class='wd_q933402' | [[Polis box]] | police box | Polis box | | |- class='wd_q7228412' | [[Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway]] | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q25356' | [[Populus]] | Populus | Populus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q125434' | [[Port Elizabeth]] | Gqeberha | Port Elizabeth | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>port ceety | city<br/>big city<br/>port city |- class='wd_q935482' | [[Port Orchard, Washington|Port Orchard]] | Port Orchard | Port Orchard, Washington | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q986325' | [[Port Safaga]] | Safaga | Port Safaga | [[ceety]]<br/>resort town<br/>port ceety | city<br/>resort town<br/>port city |- class='wd_q6106' | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] | Portland | Portland, Oregon | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of Oregon | county seat<br/>big city<br/>city of Oregon |- class='wd_q36433' | [[Porto]] | Porto | Porto | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Portugal | big city<br/>municipality of Portugal |- class='wd_q3799' | [[Porto-Novo]] | Porto-Novo | Porto-Novo | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q200464' | [[Portuguese Empire]] | Portuguese Empire | Portuguese Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q21648810' | [[Power Rangers (film)|Pouer Rangers]] | Power Rangers | Power Rangers (film) | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q11696' | [[Preses o the Unitit States|Preses o the Unitit States o Americae]] | President of the United States | Preses o the Unitit States | role<br/>elective office | role<br/>elective office |- class='wd_q377968' | [[Pressurized watter reactor]] | pressurized water reactor | Pressurized watter reactor | | |- class='wd_q951376' | [[Preston, Georgie|Preston]] | Preston | Preston, Georgie | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q319145' | [[Prime Meenister o Australie]] | Prime Minister of Australia | Prime Meenister o Australie | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q157115' | [[Primulaceae]] | Primulaceae | Primulaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152316' | [[Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex|Prince Harry o Wales]] | Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex | Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26337' | [[Blue shairk|Prionace glauca]] | Prionace glauca | Blue shairk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212405' | [[Procter & Gamble]] | Procter & Gamble | Procter & Gamble | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>enterprise | industrial manufacturing<br/>public company<br/>business<br/>enterprise |- class='wd_q484344' | [[Progressive metal]] | progressive metal | Progressive metal | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q273120' | [[protest]] | protest | Protest | form of event | form of event |- class='wd_q7251617' | [[Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707]] | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707 | Act of the Parliament of Scotland | Act of the Parliament of Scotland |- class='wd_q2294' | [[proton]] | proton | Proton | type of quantum particle | type of quantum particle |- class='wd_q5171' | [[Protostome|Protostomia]] | protostome | Protostome | [[taxon]]<br/>clade | taxon<br/>clade |- class='wd_q504628' | [[PIRA (Provos)|Proveesional Irish Republican Airmy]] | Provisional Irish Republican Army | PIRA (Provos) | paramilitary organization<br/>poleetical organisation | paramilitary organization<br/>political organization |- class='wd_q15119' | [[Province o Roum]] | Province of Rome | Province o Roum | former province of Italy | former province of Italy |- class='wd_q5098' | [[Provinces o Indonesie]] | province of Indonesia | Provinces o Indonesie | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country |- class='wd_q841753' | [[Provinces o Iraq]] | governorate of Iraq | Provinces o Iraq | | |- class='wd_q50399' | [[Provinces o Mongolie]] | province of Mongolia | Provinces o Mongolie | | |- class='wd_q191093' | [[Provinces o Sooth Africae]] | province of South Africa | Provinces o Sooth Africae | type o admeenistrative diveesions | administrative territorial entity type |- class='wd_q134390' | [[Provinces o the Netherlands]] | province of the Netherlands | Provinces o the Netherlands | | |- class='wd_q190545' | [[Prunus]] | Prunus | Prunus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37453' | [[Prunus armeniaca]] | Prunus armeniaca | Prunus armeniaca | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19119' | [[pseudoscorpion]] | pseudoscorpion | Pseudoscorpion | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q166843' | [[Psidium guajava]] | Psidium guajava | Psidium guajava | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q366886' | [[psychopathy]] | psychopathy | Psychopathy | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait | personality disorder<br/>personality type<br/>personality trait |- class='wd_q904250' | [[Psychotria]] | Psychotria | Psychotria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q245060' | [[Pteranodon]] | Q245060 | Pteranodon | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q848656' | [[pudú]] | Pudú | Pudú | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270748' | [[Puma (genus)|Puma]] | Puma | Puma (genus) | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1045888' | [[Puncak Jaya]] | Puncak Jaya | Puncak Jaya | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q1538' | [[Pune]] | Pune | Pune | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q1797' | [[Pupienus]] | Pupienus | Pupienus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q50415393' | [[Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal]] | poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal | Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident | attempted murder<br/>poisoning<br/>international incident |- class='wd_q1627100' | [[Putting Pants on Philip]] | Putting Pants on Philip | Putting Pants on Philip | short film | short film |- class='wd_q18808' | [[Pyongyang]] | Pyongyang | Pyongyang | [[ceety]]<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>first-level admeenistrative diveesion<br/>largest city | city<br/>direct-controlled municipality<br/>big city<br/>first-level administrative division<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q25307' | [[Pyot]] | Eurasian Magpie | Pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q244236' | [[Qabala]] | Qabala | Qabala | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q170208' | [[Quaiker|Quaker]] | Quakers | Quaiker | [[releegion]]<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family | religion<br/>worldview<br/>Christian denominational family |- class='wd_q944' | [[quantum mechanics]] | quantum mechanics | Quantum mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics | physical theory<br/>branch of mechanics |- class='wd_q2145' | [[Quebec Ceety]] | Quebec City | Quebec Ceety | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec | big city<br/>city or town of Quebec<br/>territory outside RCM in Quebec |- class='wd_q5218' | [[Quechuan leids]] | Quechua | Quechuan leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language | language family<br/>natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q9439' | [[Queen Victoria]] | Victoria | Queen Victoria | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18723' | [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Pairk Rangers F.C.]] | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | Queens Park Rangers F.C. | association fitbaa club | association football club |- class='wd_q131186' | [[queir]] | choir | Queir | type of musical group | type of musical group |- class='wd_q2900' | [[Quito]] | Quito | Quito | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q742082' | [[R. R. McIan]] | R. R. McIan | R. R. McIan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q121439' | [[raccoon]] | raccoon | Raccoon | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q570611' | [[Radegast (god)|Radegast]] | Radogost | Radegast (god) | Slavic deity | Slavic deity |- class='wd_q3332922' | [[radioactive decay]] | radioactive decay | Radioactive decay | | |- class='wd_q10132' | [[Rafael Nadal]] | Rafael Nadal | Rafael Nadal | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q388201' | [[Railwey electrification seestem]] | railway electrification system | Railwey electrification seestem | | |- class='wd_q1523' | [[Ramesses II]] | Ramesses II | Ramesses II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q174461' | [[Ranchi]] | Ranchi | Ranchi | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital | big city<br/>state capital |- class='wd_q213356' | [[Ranunculus repens]] | Ranunculus repens | Ranunculus repens | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190444' | [[Rare-earth element]] | rare earth element | Rare-earth element | | |- class='wd_q840849' | [[ratite]] | Struthioniformes | Ratite | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27102' | [[Couter neb|Razorbill]] | Razorbill | Couter neb | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q9510' | [[Reality]] | reality | Reality | concept<br/>psychology concept | concept<br/>psychology concept |- class='wd_q174102' | [[refractive index]] | refractive index | Refractive index | | |- class='wd_q9794' | [[reggae]] | reggae | Reggae | [[muisic genre]] | music genre |- class='wd_q207350' | [[Rehovot]] | Rehovot | Rehovot | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q79794' | [[reid deer]] | red deer | Reid deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q53462' | [[reid kangaroo]] | Macropus rufus | Reid kangaroo | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q41960' | [[reid panda]] | Red Panda | Reid panda | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8332' | [[reid tod]] | red fox | Reid tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q232906' | [[reid-crouned crane]] | Red-crowned Crane | Reid-crouned crane | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q26545' | [[reidcoll]] | Armoracia rusticana | Reidcoll | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27631' | [[Remembrance Day]] | Remembrance Day | Remembrance Day | public holiday | public holiday |- class='wd_q28113354' | [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal]] | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | Renewable Heat Incentive scandal | political scandal | political scandal |- class='wd_q9191' | [[René Descartes]] | René Descartes | René Descartes | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q3427179' | [[Renée Simonot]] | Renée Simonot | Renée Simonot | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q971' | [[Republic o the Congo]] | Republic of the Congo | Republic o the Congo | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q748139' | [[Reversi]] | Othello | Reversi | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board | solved game<br/>mind sport<br/>game on cell board |- class='wd_q157649' | [[Sumac|Rhus]] | Rhus | Sumac | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q22691' | [[Ribes]] | Ribes | Ribes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q42244' | [[ribosome]] | ribosome | Ribosome | cellular component | cellular component |- class='wd_q44546' | [[Ric Flair]] | Ric Flair | Ric Flair | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q151973' | [[Richard Burton]] | Richard Burton | Richard Burton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7326502' | [[Richard Holland]] | Richard Holland | Richard Holland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q128799' | [[Ricky Martin]] | Q128799 | Ricky Martin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1771398' | [[Riffa]] | Riffa | Riffa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q185385' | [[ring-tailed lemur]] | ring-tailed lemur | Ring-tailed lemur | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q224557' | [[Rio]] | Rio | Rio | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q19724' | [[River Mersey]] | River Mersey | River Mersey | main stem | main stem |- class='wd_q2304466' | [[River Sooth Esk]] | River South Esk | River Sooth Esk | [[river]] | river |- class='wd_q1249255' | [[Riyadh Region|Riyadh Province]] | Riyadh Province | Riyadh Region | ''[[:d:Q15728204|Q15728204]]'' | Q15728204 |- class='wd_q7339733' | [[Roamin' in the gloamin]] | Roamin' In The Gloamin' | Roamin' in the gloamin | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q83338' | [[Robin Williams]] | Robin Williams | Robin Williams | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1631437' | [[Rock-a-Doodle]] | Rock-a-Doodle | Rock-a-Doodle | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q94893' | [[Rockstar North]] | Q94893 | Rockstar North | [[video gemme developer]] | video game developer |- class='wd_q457786' | [[Rodrigo Duterte]] | Rodrigo Duterte | Rodrigo Duterte | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q218' | [[Roumainie|Romanie]] | Romania | Roumainie | [[kintra]]<br/>[[naition state]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>nation state<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q250049' | [[Romanie mafia]] | Romanian mafia | Romanie mafia | | |- class='wd_q9960' | [[Ronald Reagan]] | Ronald Reagan | Ronald Reagan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7365246' | [[Ronald Ross]] | Ronald Ross | Ronald Ross | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1525' | [[roondaboot]] | roundabout | Roondaboot | | |- class='wd_q1754320' | [[Rootes Group]] | Rootes Group | Rootes Group | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team | brand<br/>automobile manufacturer<br/>auto racing team |- class='wd_q46299' | [[Rosaceae]] | Rosaceae | Rosaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21895' | [[Rosales]] | Q21895 | Rosales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3442214' | [[Rosalie Lamorlière]] | Rosalie Lamorlière | Rosalie Lamorlière | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7474' | [[Rosalind Franklin]] | Rosalind Franklin | Rosalind Franklin | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q208060' | [[Rose-ringed parakeet|Rose-ringed Parakeet]] | Rose-ringed Parakeet | Rose-ringed parakeet | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q295212' | [[Rosen Plevneliev]] | Rosen Plevneliev | Rosen Plevneliev | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q338878' | [[rosids]] | Q338878 | Rosids | clade | clade |- class='wd_q2624680' | [[Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service]] | Federal State Statistics Service | Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) | statistical service<br/>Federal service (Russian Federation) |- class='wd_q49542' | [[Roushies|Roushie fowk]] | Russians | Roushies | [[ethnic group]]<br/>[[fowk]] | ethnic group<br/>people |- class='wd_q4120572' | [[Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley]] | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q602740' | [[Rubus]] | Rubus | Rubus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q5849' | [[Rugby union]] | rugby union | Rugby union | type o sport<br/>team sport | type of sport<br/>team sport |- class='wd_q304290' | [[Rugrats]] | Rugrats | Rugrats | animated television series | animated television series |- class='wd_q151993' | [[Ruhr]] | Ruhr Region | Ruhr | conurbation<br/>[[Metropolitan area|metropolitan aurie]]<br/>functional urban area | conurbation<br/>metropolitan area<br/>functional urban area |- class='wd_q160173' | [[Ruse, Bulgarie|Ruse]] | Ruse | Ruse, Bulgarie | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria | border city<br/>big city<br/>municipality seat<br/>oblast seat<br/>city in Bulgaria |- class='wd_q146030' | [[Rutaceae]] | Rutaceae | Rutaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11116' | [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q232260' | [[Ruth Rendell]] | Ruth Rendell | Ruth Rendell | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2727336' | [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland]] | Royal Standard of Scotland | Ryal Staundart o Scotland | royal standard | royal standard |- class='wd_q192682' | [[Ryan Reynolds]] | Ryan Reynolds | Ryan Reynolds | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2746' | [[Ryazan]] | Ryazan | Ryazan | admeenistrative-territorial entity o Roushie<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | administrative divisions of Russia<br/>big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q658065' | [[Rydberg constant]] | Rydberg constant | Rydberg constant | [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]] | physical constant |- class='wd_q240051' | [[Ryoko Tani]] | Ryoko Tani | Ryoko Tani | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q29272' | [[Ryugyong Hottle|Ryugyong Hotel]] | Ryugyong Hotel | Ryugyong Hottle | skyscraper<br/>hottle<br/>mixed-use development | skyscraper<br/>hotel<br/>mixed-use development |- class='wd_q6897416' | [[Ryukyu Isles]] | Ryukyu Islands | Ryukyu Isles | island group | island group |- class='wd_q2109400' | [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson]] | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | Rögnvald Kali Kolsson | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q295994' | [[Rüppell's tod]] | Rüppell's fox | Rüppell's tod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76338' | [[Sabine Lisicki]] | Sabine Lisicki | Sabine Lisicki | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q18013' | [[Sacramento, Californie|Sacramento]] | Sacramento | Sacramento, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q16049782' | [[Sadaf Taherian]] | Sadaf Taherian | Sadaf Taherian | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q188336' | [[Safed]] | Safed | Safed | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q147538' | [[Define:Saft drink|saft drink]] | soft drink | Define:Saft drink | type of drink | type of drink |- class='wd_q677952' | [[Saint-Florent]] | Saint-Florent | Saint-Florent | [[veelage]]<br/>commune o Fraunce | village<br/>commune of France |- class='wd_q589980' | [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]] | Saint-Pierre | Saint-Pierre, Martinique | commune o Fraunce | commune of France |- class='wd_q134635' | [[Saitama]] | Saitama | Saitama | [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]<br/>satellite city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital | city of Japan<br/>satellite city<br/>big city<br/>city designated by government ordinance<br/>city for international conferences and tourism<br/>educational town<br/>prefectural capital of Japan<br/>de facto national capital |- class='wd_q76833058' | [[Salaam Kivu International Film Festival]] | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | Salaam Kivu International Film Festival | film festival | film festival |- class='wd_q610524' | [[Salamina, Caldas|Salamina]] | Salamina | Salamina, Caldas | [[Municipalities o Colombie]] | municipality of Colombia |- class='wd_q36050' | [[Willae|Salix]] | Salix | Willae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23337' | [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake Ceety]] | Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | county seat<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q623222' | [[Sam & Cat]] | Sam & Cat | Sam & Cat | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q12150341' | [[Samanid Empire]] | Samanid Empire | Samanid Empire | [[Abbasid Caliphate]]<br/>historical state | Abbasid Caliphate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q17422' | [[Same-sex mairiage|Same-sex mairage]] | same-sex marriage | Same-sex mairiage | legal relationship | legal relationship |- class='wd_q56463' | [[Sami leids]] | Sámi | Sami leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q16193885' | [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | Samia Suluhu Hassan | Samia Suluhu Hassan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7410064' | [[Samoé]] | Samoé | Samoé | subprefecture of Guinea | subprefecture of Guinea |- class='wd_q1132747' | [[Samue]] | samue | Samue | | |- class='wd_q50139' | [[San Benedetto dei Marsi]] | San Benedetto dei Marsi | San Benedetto dei Marsi | comune o Italy | comune of Italy |- class='wd_q16553' | [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]] | San Jose | San Jose, Californie | coonty seat<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>charter ceety | county seat<br/>big city<br/>charter city |- class='wd_q173718' | [[San José]] | San José | San José | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q21010219' | [[San Juan, Nevada|San Juan]] | San Juan | San Juan, Nevada | [[Ghaist toun]] | ghost town |- class='wd_q41211' | [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] | San Juan | San Juan, Puerto Rico | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | municipality of Puerto Rico<br/>big city |- class='wd_q2067282' | [[San Julián de los Prados]] | San Julián de los Prados | San Julián de los Prados | [[kirk]]<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) | church building<br/>basilica<br/>Monument (Spain) |- class='wd_q78980' | [[San Luis Potosí]] | San Luis Potosí | San Luis Potosí | state of Mexico | state of Mexico |- class='wd_q40791' | [[Sandra Bullock]] | Sandra Bullock | Sandra Bullock | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2430789' | [[Santa Cruz, Pernambuco|Santa Cruz]] | Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz, Pernambuco | municipality o Brazil | municipality of Brazil |- class='wd_q12354937' | [[Santa Inés Yatzeche]] | Santa Inés Yatzeche Municipality | Santa Inés Yatzeche | [[Municipalities o Mexico]] | municipality of Mexico |- class='wd_q59669' | [[Sao Vang Airport]] | Tho Xuan Airport | Sao Vang Airport | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome | airport<br/>commercial traffic aerodrome |- class='wd_q26316' | [[Sapindales]] | Q26316 | Sapindales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q158981' | [[Sapotaceae]] | Sapotaceae | Sapotaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q270878' | [[Sarah McLeod]] | Sarah McLeod | Sarah McLeod | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83891' | [[Sasanian Empire]] | Sasanian Empire | Sasanian Empire | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q131532' | [[Sassafras]] | Sassafras | Sassafras | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2107439' | [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]] | Satellite Beach | Satellite Beach, Florida | ceety o the Unitit States | city in the United States |- class='wd_q44269' | [[Saunt Nicholas]] | Saint Nicholas | Saunt Nicholas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11254' | [[saut]] | table salt | Saut | mixtur<br/>ingredient | mixture<br/>ingredient |- class='wd_q1135526' | [[sautie]] | common dab | Sautie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q182599' | [[sautwatter crocodile]] | Crocodylus porosus | Sautwatter crocodile | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7428063' | [[Save Ulster from Sodomy]] | Save Ulster from Sodomy | Save Ulster from Sodomy | political campaign | political campaign |- class='wd_q838665' | [[Saxicola rubicola]] | European Stonechat | Saxicola rubicola | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156146' | [[Saxifraga]] | Saxifraga | Saxifraga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2543932' | [[Saxifragaceae]] | Saxifragaceae | Saxifragaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21855' | [[Saxifragales]] | Saxifragales | Saxifragales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1167098' | [[Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides|Scalpay]] | Scalpay | Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2300959' | [[Scarsdale]] | Scarsdale | Scarsdale | toun o the Unitit States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York | town in the United States<br/>village of New York<br/>town of New York<br/>coterminous town-village of New York |- class='wd_q483941' | [[Schindler's List]] | Schindler's List | Schindler's List | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q13430975' | [[Scotch ale]] | Scotch ale | Scotch ale | beer style | beer style |- class='wd_q18356161' | [[ScotRail]] | ScotRail | ScotRail | railway company<br/>brand | railway company<br/>brand |- class='wd_q3915671' | [[Scots Cant]] | Scottish Cant | Scots Cant | mixed language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant | mixed language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>thieves' cant |- class='wd_q24083592' | [[Scots Leebertarian Pairty]] | Scottish Libertarian Party | Scots Leebertarian Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q10658' | [[Scots National Pairty]] | Scottish National Party | Scots National Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q683800' | [[Scots Pairlament election, 2003|Scots pairlamentary walin]] | 2003 Scottish Parliament general election | Scots Pairlament election, 2003 | Scottish Parliament election | Scottish Parliament election |- class='wd_q7438105' | [[Scots place names in Canadae]] | Scottish place names in Canada | Scots place names in Canadae | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q39035' | [[Scots Tarrie]] | Scottish Terrier | Scots Tarrie | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q7437788' | [[Scottish Industrial Railway Centre]] | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Scottish Industrial Railway Centre | Heritage railwey | heritage railway |- class='wd_q267380' | [[Scottish Oils]] | Anglo-Persian Oil Company | Scottish Oils | company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]]<br/>oil company | company<br/>business<br/>oil company |- class='wd_q37260' | [[scrievin]] | writing | Scrievin | [[habby]]<br/>skill | hobby<br/>skill |- class='wd_q159115' | [[Scrophularia nodosa]] | Scrophularia nodosa | Scrophularia nodosa | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q163865' | [[scruibie]] | scurvy | Scruibie | type of disease | type of disease |- class='wd_q35367' | [[Sea o Marmara]] | Sea of Marmara | Sea o Marmara | inland sea | adjacent sea |- class='wd_q19106' | [[sea speeder]] | Pycnogonida | Sea speeder | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25928' | [[sea-pyot]] | Eurasian Oystercatcher | Sea-pyot | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q4573' | [[Sean Connery]] | Sean Connery | Sean Connery | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1127591' | [[Seanad Éireann]] | Seanad Éireann | Seanad Éireann | senate<br/>elected legislative house | senate<br/>elected legislative house |- class='wd_q5083' | [[Seattle]] | Seattle | Seattle | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q1098925' | [[Section 28]] | Section 28 | Section 28 | clause<br/>section | clause<br/>section |- class='wd_q1063567' | [[Sellafield]] | Sellafield | Sellafield | nuclear facility<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | nuclear facility<br/>business |- class='wd_q1939117' | [[Semanteec chynge]] | semantic change | Semanteec chynge | | |- class='wd_q9715' | [[semen]] | semen | Semen | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity | body fluid<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q911008' | [[Sepang]] | Sepang District | Sepang | district of Malaysia | district of Malaysia |- class='wd_q102251' | [[Sephardi Jews]] | Sephardi Jews | Sephardi Jews | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q1442' | [[Septimius Severus]] | Septimius Severus | Septimius Severus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9299' | [[Serbie leid]] | Serbian | Serbie leid | leid<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety | language<br/>pluricentric language variant<br/>standard variety |- class='wd_q9301' | [[Serbo-Croatie|Serbo-Croatian]] | Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatie | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>macrolanguage<br/>pluricentric language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q127885' | [[Serbs]] | Serbs | Serbs | nation<br/>[[ethnic group]] | nation<br/>ethnic group |- class='wd_q7454994' | [[Sermon on the Mound]] | Sermon on the Mound | Sermon on the Mound | oration | oration |- class='wd_q51640' | [[Sermon on the Mount|Sermon on the Munt]] | Sermon on the Mount | Sermon on the Mount | sermon | sermon |- class='wd_q42699' | [[Serval]] | serval | Serval | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2763698' | [[sesame]] | Sesamum indicum | Sesame | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q290' | [[sex]] | sex | Sex | medical attribute | medical attribute |- class='wd_q12198' | [[Sexually transmit tribble|sexually transmittit disease]] | sexually transmitted infection | Sexually transmit tribble | mode of transmission | mode of transmission |- class='wd_q18700' | [[shaebill]] | Shoebill | Shaebill | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q83672' | [[Shah Jahan]] | Shah Jahan | Shah Jahan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9535' | [[Shah Rukh Khan]] | Shah Rukh Khan | Shah Rukh Khan | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q59100' | [[Shantou]] | Shantou | Shantou | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191455' | [[Shapur I]] | Shapur I | Shapur I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q234860' | [[Shapur II]] | Shapur II | Shapur II | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q482752' | [[sharia]] | sharia | Sharia | legal order<br/>form o rule<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term | legal system<br/>form of government<br/>academic discipline<br/>Islamic term |- class='wd_q7368' | [[sheep]] | sheep | Sheep | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q235478' | [[Shelley Duvall]] | Shelley Duvall | Shelley Duvall | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q39357' | [[Shih Tzu]] | Shih Tzu | Shih Tzu | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q715710' | [[Shikra]] | Accipiter badius | Shikra | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q57410' | [[Shimon Peres]] | Shimon Peres | Shimon Peres | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105124' | [[Shishapangma]] | Shishapangma | Shishapangma | [[Moontain|muntain]] | mountain |- class='wd_q239505' | [[Shivaji]] | Shivaji | Shivaji | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q131375' | [[shogi]] | shogi | Shogi | chess variant | chess variant |- class='wd_q652695' | [[shortbreid]] | shortbread | Shortbreid | | |- class='wd_q131136' | [[Shot starn]] | meteor | Shot starn | meteor shower | meteor shower |- class='wd_q549' | [[Siamese fechtin fish|Siamese fichtin fish]] | Siamese fighting fish | Siamese fechtin fish | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1928719' | [[Side-valve ingine]] | flathead engine | Side-valve ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q190516' | [[Sika deer]] | sika deer | Sika deer | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116209' | [[Silene]] | Silene | Silene | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q116269' | [[silicon dioxide]] | silicon dioxide | Silicon dioxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2166799' | [[Simon Mann]] | Simon Mann | Simon Mann | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q483312' | [[Singmogil]] | Singmogil | Singmogil | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days | national day<br/>public holiday<br/>Korean anniversary days |- class='wd_q191114' | [[Sita]] | Sita | Sita | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed | Hindu deity<br/>human whose existence is disputed |- class='wd_q234597' | [[sitatunga]] | sitatunga | Sitatunga | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q55063313' | [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]] | Sizewell C nuclear power station | Sizewell C nuclear pouer station | [[Nuclear pouer station]] | nuclear power plant |- class='wd_q1074' | [[skin]] | skin | Skin | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q8102' | [[slang]] | slang | Slang | register<br/>usage | register<br/>usage |- class='wd_q589187' | [[Sliders (TV series)]] | Sliders | Sliders (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q25421' | [[smaw douker]] | Little Grebe | Smaw douker | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q30197' | [[snaw leopard]] | snow leopard | Snaw leopard | [[taxon]]<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species | taxon<br/>apex predator<br/>flagship species |- class='wd_q170177' | [[White oul|snawy oul]] | Snowy Owl | White oul | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q190570' | [[sniper rifle]] | sniper rifle | Sniper rifle | weapon type | weapon type |- class='wd_q134430' | [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]] | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q34396' | [[Saip|soap]] | soap | Saip | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item | cleaning product<br/>personal hygiene item |- class='wd_q146313' | [[Sobek]] | Sobek | Sobek | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>watter deity | Ancient Egyptian deity<br/>deity<br/>water deity |- class='wd_q39420' | [[Sochi]] | Sochi | Sochi | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia | city or town<br/>city/town in Russia |- class='wd_q36380' | [[Society o Jesus]] | Society of Jesus | Society o Jesus | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group o humans | organization<br/>Catholic order<br/>group of humans |- class='wd_q190227' | [[sodium carbonate]] | sodium carbonate | Sodium carbonate | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q2314' | [[sodium chloride]] | sodium chloride | Sodium chloride | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q102769' | [[sodium hydroxide]] | sodium hydroxide | Sodium hydroxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q388108' | [[Sohag]] | Sohag | Sohag | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q26675' | [[solan guiss]] | Northern Gannet | Solan guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21723' | [[Solanales]] | Solanales | Solanales | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146555' | [[Solanum]] | Q146555 | Solanum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147707' | [[Solanum dulcamara]] | Solanum dulcamara | Solanum dulcamara | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48440' | [[Solar radius]] | solar radius | Solar radius | unit of length | unit of length |- class='wd_q170731' | [[solubility]] | solubility | Solubility | | |- class='wd_q47539' | [[Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone]] | South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone | Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone | organization | organization |- class='wd_q27449' | [[Soothern Europe]] | Southern Europe | Soothern Europe | geographic region | region |- class='wd_q475449' | [[Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat]] | southern hairy-nosed wombat | Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q7354' | [[Soothren Ocean]] | Southern Ocean | Soothren Ocean | [[ocean]] | ocean |- class='wd_q157964' | [[Sorbus]] | Sorbus | Sorbus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76593978' | [[Sores of Emmanuel]] | Sores of Emmanuel | Sores of Emmanuel | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q12111' | [[Sorghum]] | Sorghum | Sorghum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q105060' | [[Sosnowiec]] | Sosnowiec | Sosnowiec | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi powiat richts<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>urban gmina | city<br/>city with powiat rights in Poland<br/>big city<br/>urban municipality of Poland |- class='wd_q1415615' | [[Sounds of a Playground Fading]] | Sounds of a Playground Fading | Sounds of a Playground Fading | [[album]] | album |- class='wd_q62372' | [[South Jamaica, Queens|South Jamaica]] | South Jamaica | South Jamaica, Queens | neighbourhuid | neighborhood |- class='wd_q1045096' | [[South Kensington]] | South Kensington | South Kensington | aurie o Lunnon | area of London |- class='wd_q15180' | [[Soviet Union]] | Soviet Union | Soviet Union | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q5916' | [[spaceflicht]] | spaceflight | Spaceflicht | | |- class='wd_q10859' | [[Spainish Ceevil War|Spaingie Ceevil War]] | Spanish Civil War | Spainish Ceevil War | civil war | civil war |- class='wd_q1321' | [[Spainish leid|Spainish]] | Spanish | Spainish leid | natural language<br/>leid<br/>modern language<br/>human language | natural language<br/>language<br/>modern language<br/>human language |- class='wd_q928333' | [[Spaingie immigration tae Mexico|Spainyie immigration tae Mexico]] | Spaniards in Mexico | Spaingie immigration tae Mexico | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q193340' | [[Spark plug]] | spark plug | Spark plug | | |- class='wd_q28922' | [[sparrae]] | Passeridae | Sparrae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q160114' | [[spearimint]] | Mentha spicata | Spearimint | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25439' | [[specht]] | Q25439 | Specht | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11455' | [[Special relativity]] | special relativity | Special relativity | [[Physical law|pheesical law]]<br/>scientific theory | physical law<br/>scientific theory |- class='wd_q158767' | [[spelt]] | Triticum spelta | Spelt | [[taxon]]<br/>grain crop | taxon<br/>grain crop |- class='wd_q25814' | [[Spermatophyte]] | Q25814 | Spermatophyte | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q21162' | [[Spitsbergen]] | Spitsbergen | Spitsbergen | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q2913554' | [[Frasers Group|Sports Direct]] | Frasers Group | Frasers Group | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | brick and mortar<br/>public company<br/>business |- class='wd_q49158' | [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] | Springfield | Springfield, Massachusetts | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q25380' | [[Spur-hawk]] | Eurasian Sparrowhawk | Spur-hawk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q170334' | [[Srebrenica massacre|Srebrenica genocide]] | Srebrenica massacre | Srebrenica massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre | genocide<br/>war crime<br/>crime against humanity<br/>massacre |- class='wd_q41963' | [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]] | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte | de jure national capital | de jure national capital |- class='wd_q3581844' | [[St James's Kirk, Liège]] | St James's Church | St James's Kirk, Liège | [[kirk]]<br/>abbey<br/>religious building | church building<br/>abbey<br/>religious building |- class='wd_q941325' | [[Stamford, New York|Stamford]] | Stamford | Stamford, New York | toun o the Unitit States<br/>town of New York | town in the United States<br/>town of New York |- class='wd_q756442' | [[Stane o Scuin]] | Stone of Scone | Stane o Scuin | stane | stone |- class='wd_q18847' | [[stank-hen]] | Common Moorhen | Stank-hen | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q250429' | [[Stap sign]] | stop sign | Stap sign | | |- class='wd_q149116' | [[Staphylococcaceae]] | Staphylococcaceae | Staphylococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q462' | [[Star Wars]] | Star Wars | Star Wars | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise | media franchise<br/>brand<br/>film franchise |- class='wd_q35657' | [[state o the Unitit States]] | U.S. state | State o the Unitit States | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad | designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country<br/>Pentacontad |- class='wd_q12483' | [[Stateestics]] | statistics | Stateestics | academic major | academic major |- class='wd_q14388' | [[Stegosaurus]] | Stegosaurus | Stegosaurus | fossil taxon | fossil taxon |- class='wd_q206' | [[Stephen Harper]] | Stephen Harper | Stephen Harper | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q76366' | [[Sterna]] | Sterna | Sterna | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25882' | [[Stibble guiss]] | Greylag Goose | Stibble guiss | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q186212' | [[Stirling ingine]] | Stirling engine | Stirling ingine | | |- class='wd_q2232618' | [[Stirrup cup]] | stirrup cup | Stirrup cup | parting tradition | parting tradition |- class='wd_q292265' | [[Stoja|Stoja Novaković]] | Stoja Novaković | Stoja | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2404900' | [[Stoke Dry]] | Stoke Dry | Stoke Dry | [[veelage]]<br/>[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]] | village<br/>civil parish |- class='wd_q178942' | [[storm cock]] | Mistle Thrush | Storm cock | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13158' | [[straeberry]] | strawberry | Straeberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q48365' | [[Strait o Magellan]] | Strait of Magellan | Strait o Magellan | strait | strait |- class='wd_q169358' | [[stratovolcano]] | stratovolcano | Stratovolcano | | |- class='wd_q140018' | [[Streptococcaceae]] | Streptococcaceae | Streptococcaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2746295' | [[Stuart Murdoch (muisicker)|Stuart Murdoch]] | Stuart Murdoch | Stuart Murdoch (muisicker) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1022' | [[Stuttgart]] | Stuttgart | Stuttgart | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>circle ceety<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality | major regional center<br/>financial center<br/>big city<br/>City district in Baden-Württemberg<br/>state capital in Germany<br/>urban municipality in Germany<br/>Option municipality |- class='wd_q172741' | [[Subaru]] | Subaru | Subaru | division<br/>automobile manufacturer | division<br/>automobile manufacturer |- class='wd_q11002' | [[succar]] | sugar | Succar | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances | commodity<br/>excipient<br/>sweetener<br/>group or class of chemical substances |- class='wd_q44914' | [[Sudoku]] | sudoku | Sudoku | [[Guddock|Güdic]]<br/>[[habby]]<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle | riddle<br/>hobby<br/>mind sport<br/>logic puzzle |- class='wd_q49101' | [[Suez Creesis|Suez Crisis]] | Suez Crisis | Suez Creesis | military expedition<br/>offensive | military expedition<br/>offensive |- class='wd_q380764' | [[Sukhothai Province]] | Sukhothai | Sukhothai Province | [[Provinces o Thailand]] | province of Thailand |- class='wd_q40811' | [[Sukhumi]] | Sokhumi | Sukhumi | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q525' | [[Sun]] | Sun | Sun | G-type main-sequence starn | G-type main-sequence star |- class='wd_q275163' | [[Sunda cloodit leopard]] | Sunda clouded leopard | Sunda cloodit leopard | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q269728' | [[Sunda pangolin]] | Sunda pangolin | Sunda pangolin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q183259' | [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | electronic device model | electronic device model |- class='wd_q1065079' | [[Supporters' Shield]] | Supporters' Shield | Supporters' Shield | association football trophy or award | association football trophy or award |- class='wd_q10798' | [[Pig]] | Q10798 | Pig | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3551021' | [[Sussan Taunton]] | Sussan Taunton | Sussan Taunton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q26629' | [[Swart-back]] | Great Black-backed Gull | Swart-back | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q165141' | [[Swisserland naitional fitbaw team|Swisserland naitional fitbaa team]] | Switzerland men's national football team | Swisserland naitional fitbaw team | men's national association football team | men's national association football team |- class='wd_q7659945' | [[Sydney Goodsir Smith]] | Sydney Goodsir Smith | Sydney Goodsir Smith | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2573367' | [[Sydney Roosters]] | Sydney Roosters | Sydney Roosters | rugby league team | rugby league team |- class='wd_q188446' | [[Sylvia atricapilla]] | Sylvia atricapilla | Sylvia atricapilla | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q207592' | [[Sylvia Kristel]] | Sylvia Kristel | Sylvia Kristel | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q212676' | [[Symon Petliura]] | Symon Petliura | Symon Petliura | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1141086' | [[Synagogue o Besançon]] | Synagogue of Besançon | Synagogue o Besançon | [[synagogue]] | synagogue |- class='wd_q37437' | [[syntax]] | syntax | Syntax | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics | language subsystem<br/>branch of linguistics |- class='wd_q26736' | [[Clove|Syzygium aromaticum]] | clove | Clove | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q174' | [[São Paulo]] | São Paulo | São Paulo | [[ceety]]<br/>megacity<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality o Brazil<br/>largest city | city<br/>megacity<br/>big city<br/>municipality of Brazil<br/>largest city |- class='wd_q175' | [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] | São Paulo | São Paulo (state) | federative unit of Brazil<br/>[[States o Brazil|state o Brazil]] | federative unit of Brazil<br/>state of Brazil |- class='wd_q6512' | [[Søren Kierkegaard]] | Søren Kierkegaard | Søren Kierkegaard | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q155658' | [[T-72]] | T-72 | T-72 | combat vehicle family | combat vehicle family |- class='wd_q170596' | [[T. E. Lawrence]] | T. E. Lawrence | T. E. Lawrence | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2161' | [[Tacitus]] | Tacitus | Tacitus | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q750259' | [[Tafilah Govrenorate]] | Tafilah Governorate | Tafilah Govrenorate | [[Govrenorates o Jordan]] | governorate of Jordan |- class='wd_q7676492' | [[Taito Phillip Field]] | Taito Phillip Field | Taito Phillip Field | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q865' | [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]] | Taiwan | Taiwan (kintra) | island country<br/>sovereign state<br/>local govrenment<br/>state wi leemitit recogneetion<br/>political entity<br/>continental country | island country<br/>sovereign state<br/>local government<br/>state with limited recognition<br/>political entity<br/>continental country |- class='wd_q22502' | [[Taiwan]] | Taiwan Island | Taiwan | [[island]] | island |- class='wd_q72778' | [[Taiyuan]] | Taiyuan | Taiyuan | prefecture-level city of China<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | prefecture-level city of China<br/>big city |- class='wd_q132956' | [[Taklamakan Desert]] | Taklamakan | Taklamakan Desert | desert | desert |- class='wd_q205792' | [[Tamanrasset]] | Tamanrasset | Tamanrasset | [[ceety]]<br/>commune of Algeria | city<br/>commune of Algeria |- class='wd_q3036410' | [[Tammy Duckworth]] | Tammy Duckworth | Tammy Duckworth | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83367' | [[Tanakh]] | Tanakh | Tanakh | biblical canon<br/>[[Haly beuk]]<br/>miscellany<br/>series | biblical canon<br/>religious text<br/>miscellany<br/>series of creative works |- class='wd_q271771' | [[Tanta]] | Tanta | Tanta | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>big city |- class='wd_q191827' | [[Taoiseach]] | Taoiseach | Taoiseach | public offeecial | public office |- class='wd_q1642670' | [[Tarhuna]] | Tarhuna | Tarhuna | [[ceety]]<br/>municipality of Libya | city<br/>municipality of Libya |- class='wd_q233608' | [[Tarpan]] | Equus ferus ferus | Tarpan | extinct taxon | extinct taxon |- class='wd_q155814' | [[tarragon]] | tarragon | Tarragon | [[species]] | species |- class='wd_q174916' | [[Tartus]] | Tartus | Tartus | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>populated place in Syria | city<br/>big city<br/>populated place in Syria |- class='wd_q134964' | [[Tasmainien deil|Tasmanie deil]] | Tasmanian devil | Tasmainien deil | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27355' | [[Taxus]] | Taxus | Taxus | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q428606' | [[TE10]] | Soviet Railways ТЭ10 | TE10 | locomotive class | locomotive class |- class='wd_q37226' | [[teacher]] | teacher | Teacher | [[profession]]<br/>poseetion<br/>occupation | profession<br/>position<br/>occupation |- class='wd_q38954' | [[Teide]] | Teide | Teide | [[Volcanae]]<br/>active volcano<br/>laundmark | volcano<br/>active volcano<br/>architectural landmark |- class='wd_q848096' | [[telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick]] | telephone numbers in the United Kingdom | Telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick | Wikimedia leet airticle | Wikimedia list article |- class='wd_q41403' | [[Teletubbies]] | Teletubbies | Teletubbies | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q15416' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | television program | Telly programme | type of television program | type of television program |- class='wd_q6666976' | [[Template:Abkhazia-note]] | Template:Abkhazia note | Template:Abkhazia-note | Wikimedia template | Wikimedia template |- class='wd_q76280' | [[tench]] | tench | Tench | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q13695' | [[Tenochtitlan]] | Tenochtitlan | Tenochtitlan | city-state<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>altepetl | city-state<br/>big city<br/>altepetl |- class='wd_q36656' | [[Ter Sami leid]] | Ter Sami | Ter Sami leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q9384' | [[testicle]] | testicle | Testicle | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q201701' | [[Tetraodontidae]] | Tetraodontidae | Tetraodontidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q19159' | [[tetrapod]] | Q19159 | Tetrapod | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25392' | [[teuchit]] | Northern Lapwing | Teuchit | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q172691' | [[Thar Desert]] | Thar Desert | Thar Desert | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion | desert<br/>WWF ecoregion |- class='wd_q113700' | [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]] | The Avengers | The Avengers (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q45354' | [[The Doors]] | The Doors | The Doors | muisic baund | musical group |- class='wd_q180089' | [[The Economist]] | The Economist | The Economist | [[wabsteid]]<br/>magazine | website<br/>magazine |- class='wd_q40302' | [[The Fox and the Hound]] | The Fox and the Hound | The Fox and the Hound | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q7739604' | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | The High Life | The High Life (1994 TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q7744143' | [[The Kerry Recruit]] | The Kerry Recruit | The Kerry Recruit | musical work/composition | musical work/composition |- class='wd_q27950674' | [[The Last of Us Part II]] | Q27950674 | The Last of Us Part II | [[video gemme]] | video game |- class='wd_q36479' | [[The Lion King]] | The Lion King | The Lion King | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q190135' | [[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]] | The Little Mermaid | The Little Mermaid (1989 film) | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q26220165' | [[The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen]] | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen | paintin | painting |- class='wd_q2089577' | [[The Pebble and the Penguin]] | The Pebble and the Penguin | The Pebble and the Penguin | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q18536' | [[The Shard]] | The Shard | The Shard | skyscraper<br/>office biggin | skyscraper<br/>office building |- class='wd_q232737' | [[The Walking Dead (TV series)|The Walking Dead]] | The Walking Dead | The Walking Dead (TV series) | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q1140649' | [[The Wicker Man]] | The Wicker Man | The Wicker Man | [[film]] | film |- class='wd_q21997690' | [[The Wigtown Martyrs]] | Wigton Martyrs | The Wigtown Martyrs | | |- class='wd_q156574' | [[Theaceae]] | Theaceae | Theaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q184232' | [[Theia]] | Theia | Theia | [[Titan (meethologie)|Titan]] | titan |- class='wd_q44003' | [[Theodor Herzl]] | Theodor Herzl | Theodor Herzl | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q13195257' | [[Cauld Kail in Aberdeen|There's Ca'd Kail in Aberdeen]] | Q13195257 | Cauld Kail in Aberdeen | | |- class='wd_q264766' | [[Theresa May]] | Theresa May | Theresa May | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q9270' | [[Thimphu]] | Thimphu | Thimphu | [[ceety]]<br/>admeenistrative diveesion<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | city<br/>administrative territorial entity<br/>big city |- class='wd_q9438' | [[Thomas Aquinas]] | Thomas Aquinas | Thomas Aquinas | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q269593' | [[Thompson submachine gun]] | Thompson submachine gun | Thompson submachine gun | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q42952' | [[Thor]] | Thor | Thor | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity | thunder deity<br/>Norse deity |- class='wd_q942508' | [[Thorax (insect anatomy)|thorax]] | thorax | Thorax (insect anatomy) | | |- class='wd_q719528' | [[Thorfinn the Michty]] | Thorfinn the Mighty | Thorfinn the Michty | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1412119' | [[Threads (1984 film)]] | Threads | Threads (1984 film) | television film | television film |- class='wd_q34124' | [[Tigrinya leid|Tigrinya]] | Tigrinya | Tigrinya leid | leid<br/>modern language | language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q124739' | [[Tijuana]] | Tijuana | Tijuana | [[ceety]]<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico | city<br/>locality of Mexico<br/>city in Mexico |- class='wd_q127849' | [[Tilia]] | Tilia | Tilia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q179257' | [[Timbaland]] | Q179257 | Timbaland | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q11471' | [[time]] | time | Time | scalar pheesical quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region | scalar quantity<br/>independent variable<br/>spatiotemporal region |- class='wd_q132572' | [[Tiraspol]] | Tiraspol | Tiraspol | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town | big city<br/>municipality of Moldova<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q26956' | [[Titlin]] | Meadow Pipit | Titlin | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q376038' | [[Toco toucan|Toco Toucan]] | Toco Toucan | Toco toucan | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8331' | [[Tod]] | fox | Tod | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q205662' | [[Tokugawa shogunate]] | Tokugawa shogunate | Tokugawa shogunate | govrenment agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical state | government agency<br/>shogunate<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q287657' | [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | Tokugawa Yoshinobu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q90561312' | [[Captain Tom|Tom Moore]] | Tom Moore | Captain Tom | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q263802' | [[Tom Watson (Labour politeecian)|Tom Watson]] | Tom Watson | Tom Watson (Labour politeecian) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q41057' | [[Topeka]] | Topeka | Topeka | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q142349' | [[Toronto Argonauts]] | Toronto Argonauts | Toronto Argonauts | Canadian football team | Canadian football team |- class='wd_q38991' | [[Tosa (dug)]] | Tosa | Tosa (dug) | dog breed | dog breed |- class='wd_q187278' | [[Toy Story 3]] | Toy Story 3 | Toy Story 3 | animatit film | animated film |- class='wd_q243543' | [[Toyota Corolla]] | Toyota Corolla | Toyota Corolla | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q153681' | [[Trabant]] | Trabant | Trabant | car model series | car model series |- class='wd_q351303' | [[track]] | Track | Track | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q39495' | [[Tractor]] | tractor | Tractor | type of vehicle | type of vehicle |- class='wd_q7831651' | [[Tractor vapourisin ile]] | tractor vaporising oil | Tractor vapourisin ile | | |- class='wd_q907112' | [[Transnistrie]] | Transnistria | Transnistrie | landlockt kintra<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state wi leemitit recogneetion | landlocked country<br/>unitary state<br/>military occupation<br/>social state<br/>secular state<br/>de facto regime<br/>occupied territory<br/>state with limited recognition |- class='wd_q682403' | [[Treatie o Union 1707]] | Treaty of Union | Treatie o Union 1707 | treaty | treaty |- class='wd_q1237' | [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] | Trentino-South Tyrol | Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | autonomous region with special statute | autonomous region with special statute |- class='wd_q327362' | [[triiodothyronine]] | triiodothyronine | Triiodothyronine | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q4140065' | [[Trinidad James]] | Trinidad James | Trinidad James | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q1568779' | [[Tripoli (disambiguation)|Tripoli]] | Tripoli | Tripoli (disambiguation) | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q1363' | [[Tripura]] | Tripura | Tripura | state of India | state of India |- class='wd_q2006725' | [[Triumph Acclaim]] | Triumph Acclaim | Triumph Acclaim | car model | car model |- class='wd_q1798248' | [[Triumph TR4A]] | Triumph TR4A | Triumph TR4A | car model | car model |- class='wd_q5639' | [[trolleybus]] | trolleybus | Trolleybus | bus type | bus type |- class='wd_q408352' | [[Trump]] | Trump | Trump | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q186096' | [[Tsardom o Roushie]] | Tsardom of Russia | Tsardom o Roushie | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q462843' | [[Tu Youyou]] | Tu Youyou | Tu Youyou | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q44989' | [[Tulsa]] | Tulsa | Tulsa | coonty seat<br/>ceety o the Unitit States<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | county seat<br/>city in the United States<br/>big city |- class='wd_q165118' | [[Tunicate]] | Tunicata | Tunicate | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q3572' | [[Tunis]] | Tunis | Tunis | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipality of Tunisia | big city<br/>municipality of Tunisia |- class='wd_q213827' | [[Turaco]] | Turaco | Turaco | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212798' | [[Turbellaria]] | Turbellaria | Turbellaria | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q256' | [[Turkis leid|Turkis]] | Turkish | Turkis leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q43022' | [[Turkis coffee]] | Turkish coffee | Turkis coffee | | |- class='wd_q874' | [[Turkmenistan]] | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan | [[kintra]]<br/>landlockt kintra<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>landlocked country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q147520' | [[Typha latifolia]] | Typha latifolia | Typha latifolia | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q27112' | [[Tytonidae]] | Tytonidae | Tytonidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q2670398' | [[Tzoran-Kadima]] | Tzoran-Kadima | Tzoran-Kadima | human settlement | human settlement |- class='wd_q203312' | [[Uccle]] | Uccle | Uccle | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q7876900' | [[Udal law]] | Udal law | Udal law | legal system | legal system |- class='wd_q10647' | [[UK Unthirldom Pairty]] | UK Independence Party | UK Unthirldom Pairty | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q52933' | [[Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden]] | Ulrika Eleonora I of Sweden | Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q6511' | [[Ulysses (novelle)|Ulysses]] | Ulysses | Ulysses (novelle) | leeterary wirk | literary work |- class='wd_q27138' | [[Unaizah]] | Unaizah | Unaizah | human settlement<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers | human settlement<br/>big city |- class='wd_q208650' | [[Uniformitarianism]] | uniformitarianism | Uniformitarianism | principle<br/>philosophical theory | principle<br/>philosophical theory |- class='wd_q588834' | [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]] | Union City | Union City, New Jersey | ceety in New Jersey | city in New Jersey |- class='wd_q1622507' | [[Unitarian Universalism]] | Unitarian Universalism | Unitarian Universalism | [[releegion]] | religion |- class='wd_q42183' | [[United States Whig Party]] | Whig Party | United States Whig Party | [[poleetical pairty]] | political party |- class='wd_q216996' | [[Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea]] | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty | United Nations treaty<br/>multilateral treaty |- class='wd_q30' | [[Unitit States]] | United States | Unitit States | [[kintra]]<br/>sovereign state | country<br/>sovereign state |- class='wd_q139718826' | [[Unitit States UAP files]] | United States UFO files | Unitit States UAP files | release | release |- class='wd_q168383' | [[Universal Studios]] | Universal Pictures | Universal Studios | film studio<br/>film production company | film studio<br/>film production company |- class='wd_q34113' | [[Uralic leids]] | Uralic | Uralic leids | [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]] | language family |- class='wd_q9382' | [[urinary bladder]] | urinary bladder | Urinary bladder | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q105650' | [[urology]] | urology | Urology | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline | medical specialty<br/>academic discipline |- class='wd_q151179' | [[Ustaše]] | Ustaše | Ustaše | poleetical organisation<br/>terrorist organization | political organization<br/>terrorist organization |- class='wd_q6940' | [[UTC+07:00]] | UTC+07:00 | UTC+07:00 | time zone named for a UTC offset | time zone named for a UTC offset |- class='wd_q155644' | [[Uzi]] | Uzi | Uzi | weapon family | weapon family |- class='wd_q724736' | [[V ingine]] | V engine | V ingine | engine configuration | engine configuration |- class='wd_q134808' | [[vaccine]] | vaccine | Vaccine | remedy | remedy |- class='wd_q5079636' | [[Vaccinium]] | Vaccinium | Vaccinium | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q37587' | [[Valentine's Day]] | Valentine's Day | Valentine's Day | [[haliday]] | holiday |- class='wd_q157819' | [[Valeriana officinalis]] | Valeriana officinalis | Valeriana officinalis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q23800' | [[Valletta]] | Valletta | Valletta | [[ceety]]<br/>local council of Malta | city<br/>local council of Malta |- class='wd_q166879' | [[Van der Waals radius]] | van der Waals radius | Van der Waals radius | physical phenomenon | physical phenomenon |- class='wd_q24639' | [[Vancouver]] | Vancouver | Vancouver | border city<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>municipal government<br/>city in British Columbia | border city<br/>big city<br/>municipal government<br/>city in British Columbia |- class='wd_q725493' | [[Vaquita]] | Vaquita | Vaquita | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q79980' | [[Varanasi]] | Varanasi | Varanasi | [[ceety]]<br/>holy city | city<br/>holy city |- class='wd_q192334' | [[University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university | public educational institution of the United States<br/>public research university |- class='wd_q735505' | [[vas deferens]] | vas deferens | Vas deferens | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity | organ type<br/>class of anatomical entity |- class='wd_q275787' | [[Vatican euro cunyies]] | Vatican euro coin | Vatican euro cunyies | coin type | coin type |- class='wd_q179734' | [[Vatnajökull]] | Vatnajökull | Vatnajökull | ice cap | ice cap |- class='wd_q181138' | [[veganism]] | veganism | Veganism | [[ideology]]<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction | ideology<br/>lifestyle<br/>social movement<br/>epistemological viewpoint<br/>dietary restriction |- class='wd_q251368' | [[Venom]] | Venom | Venom | Wikimedia disambiguation page | Wikimedia disambiguation page |- class='wd_q11699' | [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]] | Vice President of the United States | Vice Preses o the Unitit States | vice preses<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office | vice president<br/>president of the senate<br/>elective office |- class='wd_q119069' | [[Vicente Fernández]] | Vicente Fernández | Vicente Fernández | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q156390' | [[Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden|Victoria, Croun Princess o Sweden]] | Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden | Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q4533' | [[Victorious]] | Victorious | Victorious | televeesion series | television series |- class='wd_q167797' | [[vicuña]] | vicuña | Vicuña | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q8740' | [[Vietnam War]] | Vietnam War | Vietnam War | proxy war | proxy war |- class='wd_q9199' | [[Vietnamese leid|Vietnamese]] | Vietnamese | Vietnamese leid | natural language<br/>modern language | natural language<br/>modern language |- class='wd_q216151' | [[Vietnamese fowk]] | Vietnamese people | Vietnamese fowk | [[ethnic group]] | ethnic group |- class='wd_q157144' | [[Vinnytsia]] | Vinnytsia | Vinnytsia | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast | big city<br/>city of regional significance of Ukraine<br/>city or town<br/>centre of oblast |- class='wd_q164447' | [[Viola lutea]] | Viola lutea | Viola lutea | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q156060' | [[Violaceae]] | Violaceae | Violaceae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q543788' | [[Violet Jacob]] | Violet Jacob | Violet Jacob | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163656' | [[Viperidae]] | viper | Viperidae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q147267' | [[Virginie opossum]] | Didelphis virginiana | Virginie opossum | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11380' | [[Vishnu]] | Q11380 | Vishnu | Hindu deity<br/>legendar figur | Hindu deity<br/>legendary figure |- class='wd_q34956' | [[vitamin]] | vitamin | Vitamin | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group | group of chemical entities<br/>nutrient group |- class='wd_q102217' | [[Vitebsk]] | Vitebsk | Vitebsk | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city of oblast subordinance | big city<br/>city of oblast subordinance |- class='wd_q191019' | [[Vitis]] | Vitis | Vitis | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q14318' | [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]] | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Vitoria-Gasteiz | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q185864' | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | Viverridae | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q380330' | [[Vlad II Dracul]] | Vlad II Dracul | Vlad II Dracul | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83546' | [[Vladimir-Suzdal]] | Grand Principality of Vladimir | Vladimir-Suzdal | vassal state<br/>historical state | vassal state<br/>historical country |- class='wd_q10952397' | [[Vole]] | vole | Vole | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q56402691' | [[Volkswagen Taos]] | Volkswagen Taos | Volkswagen Taos | car model | car model |- class='wd_q185194' | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | Vulpes | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q501499' | [[Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai]] | Vyatskoye | Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai | [[veelage]] | village |- class='wd_q623169' | [[Wallaby]] | wallaby | Wallaby | organisms known by a particular common name | organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q8704' | [[Walt Disney]] | Walt Disney | Walt Disney | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q7965336' | [[Walter Kennedy]] | Walter Kennedy | Walter Kennedy | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q311237' | [[Walther PP]] | Walther PP | Walther PP | weapon model | weapon model |- class='wd_q182865' | [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | War in Afghanistan (2001–present) | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q185729' | [[War on Terror]] | War on Terrorism | War on Terror | [[war]] | war |- class='wd_q362' | [[Warld War II]] | World War II | Warld War II | world war<br/>historical period | world war<br/>historical period |- class='wd_q1201263' | [[Warlord Era]] | Warlord Era | Warlord Era | historical period | historical period |- class='wd_q2028786' | [[Warne, North Carolina|Warne]] | Warne | Warne, North Carolina | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q126399' | [[Warner Bros.]] | Warner Bros. Entertainment | Warner Bros. | film production company<br/>entertainment company | film production company<br/>entertainment company |- class='wd_q42486' | [[Warstlin]] | wrestling | Warstlin | type o sport | type of sport |- class='wd_q3566734' | [[Watsonian RFC]] | Watsonian FC | Watsonian RFC | rugby union team | rugby union team |- class='wd_q81041' | [[watter cycle]] | water cycle | Watter cycle | | |- class='wd_q1024911' | [[Welshpool]] | Welshpool | Welshpool | community<br/>town of the United Kingdom | community<br/>town of the United Kingdom |- class='wd_q846421' | [[West Hollywood]] | West Hollywood | West Hollywood | gay village<br/>ceety o the Unitit States | gay village<br/>city in the United States |- class='wd_q3567454' | [[West of Scotland F.C.]] | West of Scotland FC | West of Scotland F.C. | rugby union club | rugby union club |- class='wd_q7986162' | [[West Park, New York|West Park]] | West Park | West Park, New York | unincorporatit commonty | unincorporated community |- class='wd_q6592290' | [[Westfield Megabusa]] | Westfield Megabusa | Westfield Megabusa | car model | car model |- class='wd_q6592255' | [[Westfield SEight]] | Westfield SEight | Westfield SEight | car model | car model |- class='wd_q7988934' | [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building]] | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | office biggin | office building |- class='wd_q18854' | [[whaup]] | Eurasian Curlew | Whaup | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q1371617' | [[whiff]] | megrim | Whiff | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q28106837' | [[Whistlin deuk]] | Eurasian Wigeon | Whistlin deuk | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q212552' | [[white eel]] | European conger | White eel | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q25438' | [[White-tailed eagle|White-tailed Eagle]] | White-tailed Eagle | White-tailed eagle | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q171' | [[Wiki]] | wiki | Wiki | type of website | type of website |- class='wd_q4656249' | [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]] | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikipedia:Five pillars | Wikimedia project namespace | Wikimedia project page |- class='wd_q3125700' | [[Wild haggis]] | wild haggis | Wild haggis | animal frae a wirk o feection | fictional species of animal |- class='wd_q169950' | [[Wildfire]] | wildfire | Wildfire | fire incident type | fire incident type |- class='wd_q866755' | [[Willa Muir]] | Willa Muir | Willa Muir | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q105825' | [[William Hurt]] | William Hurt | William Hurt | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q150652' | [[William I, German Emperor]] | Wilhelm I | William I, German Emperor | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q163415' | [[William Shockley]] | William Shockley | William Shockley | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018623' | [[William Soutar]] | William Soutar | William Soutar | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8018838' | [[William Stewart (makar)|William Stewart]] | William Stewart | William Stewart (makar) | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q37594' | [[William the Conqueror]] | William the Conqueror | William the Conqueror | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q382601' | [[William Wilton]] | William Wilton | William Wilton | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q2581473' | [[Willie Rennie]] | Willie Rennie | Willie Rennie | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q25399' | [[Willie-wagtail]] | White Wagtail | Willie-wagtail | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q146661' | [[wineberry]] | Ribes rubrum | Wineberry | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q152220' | [[Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty|Wirkers' Pairty o Kurdistan]] | Kurdistan Workers' Party | Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization | terrorist organization<br/>armed organization |- class='wd_q47253' | [[wirm]] | worm | Wirm | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name | grade<br/>organisms known by a particular common name |- class='wd_q754668' | [[witchie]] | Maniola jurtina | Witchie | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q76462' | [[Wolfgang Ketterle]] | Wolfgang Ketterle | Wolfgang Ketterle | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q211764' | [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]] | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | municipality o Belgium | municipality of Belgium |- class='wd_q23175' | [[wombat]] | Vombatidae | Wombat | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q11838775' | [[Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant]] | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant | [[taxon]] | taxon |- class='wd_q129165' | [[Xerxes I]] | Xerxes I | Xerxes I | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q158888' | [[Yamaha Motor Company]] | Yamaha Motor Company | Yamaha Motor Company | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer | public company<br/>motorcycle manufacturer |- class='wd_q37995' | [[Yangon]] | Yangon | Yangon | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar | city<br/>big city<br/>state capital<br/>largest city<br/>town in Myanmar |- class='wd_q377' | [[Yanka Kupala]] | Yanka Kupala | Yanka Kupala | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q8050101' | [[Yasushi Yamaguchi]] | Yasushi Yamaguchi | Yasushi Yamaguchi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q577' | [[year]] | year | Year | unit o time | unit of time |- class='wd_q267584' | [[Yemen Arab Republic]] | Yemen Arab Republic | Yemen Arab Republic | historical state | historical country |- class='wd_q50422' | [[Yeonje-gu]] | Yeonje District | Yeonje-gu | district of Busan | district of Busan |- class='wd_q1277359' | [[Yerl o Mar]] | Earl of Mar | Yerl o Mar | ryal or noble rank | noble title |- class='wd_q1010108' | [[Yerlston]] | Earlston | Yerlston | [[toun]]<br/>parish | town<br/>parish |- class='wd_q188120' | [[Yoichiro Nambu]] | Yoichiro Nambu | Yoichiro Nambu | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q5449' | [[Yoshkar-Ola]] | Yoshkar-Ola | Yoshkar-Ola | ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>city or town | big city<br/>city or town |- class='wd_q866' | [[YouTube]] | YouTube | YouTube | [[wabsteid]]<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform | website<br/>online video platform<br/>online community<br/>video streaming service<br/>live streaming service<br/>user-generated content platform |- class='wd_q10305' | [[Zaragoza]] | Zaragoza | Zaragoza | municipality of Spain | municipality of Spain |- class='wd_q319896' | [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]] | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | Ze'ev Jabotinsky | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q34201' | [[Zeus]] | Zeus | Zeus | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god | thunder deity<br/>King of the Gods<br/>Greek deity<br/>Olympian god |- class='wd_q197471' | [[Zhao Wei]] | Zhao Wei | Zhao Wei | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q835435' | [[Zhou dynasty (690–705)]] | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | Zhou dynasty (690–705) | historical state<br/>Chinese dynasty | historical country<br/>Chinese dynasty |- class='wd_q2392142' | [[Zifta]] | Zefta | Zifta | [[ceety]] | city |- class='wd_q890120' | [[Zimbabwe Rhodesie]] | Zimbabwe Rhodesia | Zimbabwe Rhodesie | historical unrecognized state | historical unrecognized state |- class='wd_q190077' | [[zinc oxide]] | zinc oxide | Zinc oxide | type of chemical entity | type of chemical entity |- class='wd_q43501' | [[zoo]] | zoo | Zoo | type of park | type of park |- class='wd_q35811' | [[Zoroaster]] | Zoroaster | Zoroaster | [[bodie]]<br/>religious character | human<br/>religious character |- class='wd_q210207' | [[Árpád]] | Árpád | Árpád | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q83259' | [[École Normale Supérieure]] | École Normale Supérieure | École Normale Supérieure | organization<br/>École normale supérieure | organization<br/>école normale supérieure |- class='wd_q273604' | [[École normale supérieure de Cachan]] | École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay | École normale supérieure de Cachan | heicher eddication organization<br/>École normale supérieure<br/>eddicational institution | higher education institution<br/>école normale supérieure<br/>educational institution |- class='wd_q293928' | [[Öckerö Municipality]] | Öckerö Municipality | Öckerö Municipality | [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality o Swaden]] | municipality of Sweden |- class='wd_q171291' | [[Ötzi]] | Ötzi | Ötzi | [[bodie]] | human |- class='wd_q54158' | [[Łódź Voivodeship]] | Łódź Voivodeship | Łódź Voivodeship | [[Voivodeships o Poland]] | voivodeship of Poland |- class='wd_q133118' | [[Şanlıurfa]] | Şanlıurfa | Şanlıurfa | [[ceety]]<br/>ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey | city<br/>big city<br/>metropolitan municipality in Turkey |} ---- &sum; 2311 items. {{Wikidata list end}} 4bun7s1fshuckqje6ownfgux8389mv0 Scots inventions an diskiveries 0 229493 925697 923779 2026-11-03T18:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 925697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maxwell'sEquations.svg|right|thumb|{{Quote|"the maist significant event of the 19t yearhunner will be judged as [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell]]'s diskivery o the laws o electrodynamics"|[[Richard Feynman]]<ref>[https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_01.html#Ch1-S6-p4 The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. II Ch. 1: Electromagnetism]</ref>}}]]   '''Scottish inventions an diskiveries''' are objects, processes or techniques aither pairtly or halely inventit, innovatit, or diskivert bi a body born in or descendit frae [[Scotland]]. In some cases, an invention's Scots natur is pitten bi the fact that it pit intae existence in Scotland (e.g., animal cloning), bi fowk no frae Scotland wirkin in the kintra. Aften, things that are diskivert for the first time are cried "[[Invention|inventions]]" an aw an in mony cases thare isnae a clear line atweesh the twa. The Scots hae massive pride in the history o Scots inventions an diskiveries. Thare are a lot o beuks scrieved juist on the subject, as weel as a hale wheen o websites pittin doun inventions an diskiveries frae Scotland wi some degree o science. E'en afore the Industrial Revolution, Scots hae been at the forebreest o innovation an diskivery throu a nummer o depairtments. Some of the maist relevant products o Scots ingenuity include [[James Watt]]'s steam ingine, impruivin on Thomas Newcomen's,<ref name="James Watt">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - James Watt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> the [[bicycle]],<ref name="Kirkpatrick Macmillan">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - Kirkpatrick Macmillan|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/macmillan_kirkpatrick.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> macadamisation (no tae be conflummixit wi tarmac o tarmacadam<ref name="John McAdam">{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: John Loudon Mcadam (British inventor)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/353599/John-Loudon-McAdam|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref>), [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s invention o the first practical telephone,<ref name="AHP">{{Cite web|title=Scottish Science Hall of Fame - Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)|url=http://www.nls.uk/scientists/biographies/alexander-graham-bell/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011165704/http://digital.nls.uk/scientists/biographies/alexander-graham-bell/index.html|archive-date=2010-10-11|access-date=2010-02-20}}</ref> [[John Logie Baird]]'s invention o the telly,<ref name="John Logie Baird">{{Cite web|title=BBC - History - John Logie Baird|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/baird_logie.shtml|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> [[Alexander Fleming]]'s diskivery o [[penicillin]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: Sir Alexander Fleming - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> an [[insulin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: John Macleod Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> The follaein is a list o inventions, innovations, or diskiveries that are kent as bein frae Scotland. == Road transport innovations == * Macadamised roads (the basis for, but no speceefically, tarmac): John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836)<ref name="John McAdam"/> * The [[Bicycle|pedal bicycle]]: Pitten tae baith Kirkpatrick Macmillan (1813–1878)<ref name="Kirkpatrick Macmillan"/> an Thomas McCall (1834–1904) * The pneumatic tyre: Robert William Thomson an [[John Boyd Dunlop]] (1822–1873)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robert William Thomson, Scotland's forgotten inventor|url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/Scotland-History/RobertWilliamThomson.htm|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The overhead valve ingine: David Dunbar Buick (1854–1929)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pelfrey|first=William|title=Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History|url=https://archive.org/details/billyalfredgener0000pelf|publisher=AMACOM|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8144-2961-7}}</ref> == Civil engineering innovations == * Tubular steel: Sir William Fairbairn (1789–1874)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Sir William Fairbairn|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst137.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The [[Fawkirk Wheel|Fawkirk wheel]]: Stairtin designs bi Nicoll Russell Studios, Architects, [[RMJM]] an ingineers Binnie, Black, an Veatch (Appent 2002)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Falkirk Wheel & Visitor Centre|url=http://www.rmjm.com/portfolio/the-falkirk-wheel-and-visitor-centre-scotland/|access-date=2015-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SKF Evolution online|url=http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=391&lan=en-gb|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120215825/http://evolution.skf.com/zino.aspx?articleID=391&lan=en-gb|archive-date=2010-11-20|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The pautent slip for dockin veshels: Thomas Morton (1781–1832)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clydesite Magazine: The Real Inventor of the Patent Slip|url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/articles/patent.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509063734/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/articles/patent.asp|archive-date=2006-05-09|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The Drummond Light: Thomas Drummond (1797–1840)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Thomas Drummond|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst134.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * [[Canaul|Canal]] design: Thomas Telford (1757–1834) * Dock design impruivements: John Rennie (1761–1821) * Crane design impruivements: James Bremner (1784–1856) * "Trac Rail Transposer", a machine tae pit doun rail track pautentit in 2005, uised by [[Network Rail]] in the Unitit Kinrick an the New York Toun Subway in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 June 2016|title=Ayrshire brothers' invention to transform America's railways|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-36459486|access-date=7 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=6 January 2014|title=Laying lines|url=http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=19184&issueid=539|journal=Railway Strategies|issue=103|access-date=7 June 2016|archive-date=2022-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426070900/http://www.railwaystrategies.co.uk/article-page.php?contentid=19184&issueid=539|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=US Patent Application No: 2008/0072,783 - Railway Rail Handling Apparatus and Method|url=http://www.patentbuddy.com/Patent/20080072783|access-date=7 June 2016|website=PatentBuddy}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aviation innovations == * Aircraft design: Frank Barnwell (1910) Estaiblishin the core aspects o aircraft design at the [[Varsity o Glesga]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: World Changing:: Establishing fundamental principles in aircraft design|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=4|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk}}</ref> == Pouer innovations == * Condensin steam engine impruivements: [[James Watt]] (1736–1819)<ref name="James Watt"/> * Thermodynamic cycle: [[William John Macquorn Rankine]] (1820–1872)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William John Macquorn Rankine|url=http://www.iesis.org/presidents.html|access-date=2014-01-13}}</ref> * Coal-gas lichtin: William Murdoch (1754–1839)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Murdoch - The Scot Who Lit The World|url=http://www.williammurdoch.com/|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The [[Stirling ingine|Stirling heat ingine]]: Rev. Robert Stirling (1790–1878)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Scotland: Significant Scots - Robert Stirling|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/stirling_robert.htm|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * Carbon brushes for dynamos: George Forbes (1849–1936)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Prof. George Forbes|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst1517.html|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The Clerk cycle gas ingine: Sir Dugald Clerk (1854–1932)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Sir Dugald Clerk|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/121330/Sir-Dugald-Clerk|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The wave-pou0ered [[electric generator]]: bi South African Engineer Stephen Salter in 1977<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2008|title=How Stuff Works: Could Salter's Duck have solved the oil crisis?|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/salters-duck.htm|access-date=2010-06-14}}</ref> * The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter ("red sea snake" wave energy device): Richard Yemm, 1998<ref name="ScotGov">{{Cite web|date=28 March 2012|title=Pelamis founder honoured for key role in marine energy|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2012/03/SaltirePrizeMedalYemm280032012|access-date=2012-03-29|publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> == Shipbuilding innovations == * Europe's first passenger steamboat: Henry Bell (1767–1830)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Significant Scots: Henry Bell|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/bell_henry.htm|access-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> * The first [[Airn|iron]]&#x2013;hulled steamship: Sir William Fairbairn (1789–1874)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gazetteer for Scotland: Overview of Sir William Fairbairn|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst137.html|access-date=2010-06-16}}</ref> * The first practical screw propeller: Robert Wilson (1803–1882)  * Marine ingine innovations: James Howden (1832–1913) * John Elder an Charles Randolph (Marine Compound expansion ingine) == Militar innovations == * Lieutenant-General Sir David Henderson twa area: ** Field intelligence. Argied for the estaiblishin Intelligence Corps. Scrieved ''Field Intelligence: Its Principles and Practice'' (1904) and ''The Art of Reconnaissance'' (1907) on the tactical intelligence o modren warfare.<ref name="worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk">{{Cite web|title=Establishing the Royal Air Force|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=59|website=World Changing|publisher=University of Glasgow}}</ref> * [[Intelligence]]: Allan Pinkerton developit the still relevant intelligence techniques of "shadowin" (surveillance) an "pittin yersel in a role" (unnerkiver wirk) in his time as heid o the Union Intelligence Service. == Weichtie industry innovations == * Coal minin extractin in the sea on an artificial island bi Sir George Bruce of Carnock (1575). Kent as ane o the industrial wunners o the late medieval period. * Makin cast steel frae wrought iron: David Mushet (1772–1847)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electric Scotland: Significant Scots - David Mushet|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/mushet_david.htm|access-date=2010-06-17}}</ref> * Wrought iron sash bars for gless hooses: [[John Claudius Loudon|John C. Loudon]] (1783–1865) * The hot blast uin: James Beaumont Neilson (1792–1865) * The steam haimer: James Nasmyth (1808–1890) * Wire raip: [[Robert Stirling Newall]] (1812–1889) * Steam ingine impruivements: William Mcnaught (1831–1881) * The Fairlie, a narrow gauge, dooble-bogie [[Locomotive|railway ingine]]: Robert Francis Fairlie (1831–1885) * Cordite - Sir James Dewar, Sir Frederick Abel (1889) == Agricultural innovations == * Threshing machine impruivements: James Meikle (c.1690-c.1780) & Andrew Meikle (1719–1811) * Hollow pipe [[Cundie|drainage]]: Sir Hew Dalrymple, Lord Drummore (1700–1753) * The Scotch plough: James Anderson o Hermiston (1739–1808) * Deanstonisation soil-drainage seestem: James Smith (1789–1850) * The mechanical reapin machine: Rev. Patrick Bell (1799–1869) * The Fresno scraper: James Porteous (1848–1922)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Fresno Scraper - American Society of Mechanical Engineers|url=http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5550.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209065640/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5550.pdf|archive-date=2011-02-09|access-date=2010-11-12}}</ref> * The Tuley tree shelter: Graham Tuley in 1979 == Communication innovations == * [[Telephone]]: [[Alexander Graham Bell]] (1847-1922) * Print stereoteepin: William Ged (1690–1749)<ref>{{Cite web|title=William Ged (Scottish goldsmith)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/227656/William-Ged|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * Roller prentin: Thomas Bell (patented 1783)<ref>{{Cite web|title=roller printing (textile industry)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507124/roller-printing|access-date=2010-06-13}}</ref> * The adhesive postage stamp an the postmerk: claimed bi James Chalmers (1782–1853)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arbroath & District Stamp & Postcard Club|url=http://www.scotstamps.co.uk/arbroath.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806014915/http://www.scotstamps.co.uk/arbroath.htm|archive-date=2010-08-06|access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref> * The Waverley pen nib innovations: Duncan Cameron (1825–1901) The weel kent "Waverley" was sindry in design wi a narrow waist an an upturnt tip designed tae mak the ink flow mair smuith on the paper.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MacNiven and Cameron|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/MacNiven_and_Cameron|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> * Universal Standard Time: Sir [[Sandford Fleming]] (1827–1915) * Light signalling between ships: Admiral Philip H. Colomb (1831–1899) * The underlying principles o [[radio]]: [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * The Kinetoscope, a motion picture camera: devised in 1889 by William Kennedy Dickson (1860-1935) * The teleprinter: Frederick G. Creed (1871–1957) * The [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC): John Reith, 1st Baron Reith (1922) its founder, first general manager and director-general of the British Broadcasting Corporation<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Reith|url=https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/john-reith|access-date=18 July 2019|website=History of the BBC}}</ref> * RADAR: A significant contribution made by Robert Watson-Watt (1892–1973) alongside Englishman Henry Tizard (1885-1959) and others<ref name="Robert Watson-Watt">{{Cite web|title=Radar Personalities: Sir Robert Watson-Watt|url=http://www.radarpages.co.uk/people/watson-watt/watson-watt.htm|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> * The automated teller machine and Personal Identification Number system: James Goodfellow (born 1937)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who Invented the ATM? The James Goodfellow Story|url=http://www.atmmachine.com/goodfellow_atminventor.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728013121/http://www.atmmachine.com/goodfellow_atminventor.html|archive-date=2011-07-28|access-date=2011-08-26}}</ref> == Publishin firsts == * The first edeetion o the [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopedia Britannica]] (1768–81) * The first textbook on surgery in Inglis (1597) * The first modren pharmacopaedia, William Cullen (1776). The book endit up bein 'Europe's principal text on the classifeein an treatment o disease'. His ideaes keep gaun wi the terms nervous energy an neuroses (a word that Cullen coined). * The first [[Postcaird|postcairds]] an pictur postcairds in the UK * The eddicational foondin o Ophthalmology: Stewart Duke-Elder in his first o it's kind wark includin ‘Textbook of Ophthalmology and fifteen volumes of System of Ophthalmology' (Scots: Textbook o Ophthalmology an fifteen vollum o Seestem o Ophthalmology)<ref name="Lyle, T. K. 1980">{{Cite journal|last=Lyle|first=T. K.|last2=Miller|first2=S.|last3=Ashton|first3=N. H.|year=1980|title=William Stewart Duke-Elder. 22 April 1898-27 March 1978|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=26|page=85|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1980.0003|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Cultur an the airts == * Scottish National Portrait Gallery, designed bi Sir Robert Rowand Anderson (1889): the warld's first purpose-biggit portrait gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scottish National Portrait Gallery {{!}} National Galleries of Scotland|url=http://www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/about-the-portrait-gallery/|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.nationalgalleries.org|language=en}}</ref> == Scientific innovations == * Logarithms: [[John Napier]] (1550–1617) * [[Economics|Modren Economics]] foondit bi [[Adam Smith]] (1776) 'The faither of Modren Economics'<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davis|first=William L|last2=Figgins|first2=Bob|last3=Hedengren|first3=David|last4=Klein|first4=Daniel B.|title=Economic Professors' Favorite Economic Thinkers, Journals, and Blogs|url=http://econjwatch.org/articles/economics-professors-favorite-economic-thinkers-journals-and-blogs-along-with-party-and-policy-views|journal=Econ Journal Watch|volume=8|issue=2|pages=126–146}}</ref> with the publication of The Wealth of Nations. (Scots: The Walth o nations)<ref>E. K. Hunt (2002). History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective, p.3. {{ISBN|0-7656-0606-2}}</ref> * Modren Sociology: [[Adam Ferguson]] (1767) ‘The Faither o Modren Sociology’ wi his wark An Essay on the History of Civil Society (Scots: An Essay on the History o Civil Societie)<ref>Willcox, William Bradford; Arnstein, Walter L. (1966). The Age of Aristocracy, 1688 to 1830. Volume III of A History of England, edited by Lacey Baldwin Smith (Sixth Edition, 1992 ed.). Lexington, Massachusetts. p. 133. {{ISBN|0-669-24459-7}}.</ref> * Hypnotism: James Braid (1795–1860) the Faither o Hypnotherapy * Tropical medicine: [[Patrick Manson|Sir Patrick Manson]] kent as the faither o Tropical Medicine * Modren [[Geology]]: [[James Hutton]] ‘The Foonder o Modren Geology’<ref>{{Cite web|last=American Museum of Natural History|author-link=American Museum of Natural History|year=2000|title=James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology|url=http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225940/http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/p_hutton.html|archive-date=2016-03-03|website=Earth: Inside and Out|quote=The result, therefore, of this physical enquiry," Hutton concluded, "is that we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end.}}</ref><ref>Kenneth L. Taylor (September 2006). "Ages in Chaos: James Hutton and the Discovery of Deep Time". The Historian (abstract) (Book review of Stephen Baxter, {{ISBN|0-7653-1238-7}}).</ref> * The theory of [[Uniformitarianism]]: James Hutton (1788): an important principle o Geology the features o the geologic time taks millions o years. * The theory o electromagnetism: [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * The diskivery o the Componin o Saturn's Rings [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1859): pit doun thit the rings o Saturn war componed wi sindry wee pairticles, aw gaun aroond the planet on thair ain. At the time it wis thoucht thit the rings war solid. The Maxwell Ringlet an Maxwell Gap war named in his honor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk}}</ref> * The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution bi [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1860): the basis o the kinetic theory o gases, thit speeds o molecules in a gas will chynge at different temperaturs. The oreeginal theory first pit forrit bi Maxwell an confirmt later on in conjunction wi [[Ludwig Boltzmann]]. * Popularisin the decimal point: [[John Napier]] (1550–1617) * The first theory o the Higgs boson bi Inglis born <ref>{{Cite news|last=Macdonald|first=Kenneth|date=2013-04-10|title=Behind the scenes at the Universe|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-22073080|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> Peter Higgs particle-physics theorist at the Varsity o Embro (1964)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter Higgs and the Higgs Boson|url=https://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/higgs|website=School of Physics and Astronomy}}</ref> * The Gregorian telescope: James Gregory (1638–1675) * The diskivery o [[Proxima Centauri]], the closest kent star tae the [[Sun]], bi Robert Innes (1861–1933)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Davidson, M.|year=1933|title=Anzeige des Todes von Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes|journal=Astronomische Nachrichten|volume=249|issue=2–3|pages=51–52|bibcode=1933AN....249...51D|doi=10.1002/asna.19332490203}}</ref> * One of the earliest measurements o distance tae the Alpha Centauri star seestem, the closest sic seestem ootside the [[Solar Seestem]], bi Thomas Henderson (1798–1844) * The discovery of Centaurus A, a well-known starburst galaxy in the [[constellation]] of [[Centaurus]], by James Dunlop (1793–1848)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~hcs/Cen-A/cen-a-history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101085746/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~hcs/Cen-A/cen-a-history.html|archive-date=2013-01-01|access-date=2013-06-08}}</ref> * The diskivery o the Horsehead Nebula in the [[constellation]] o [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]], bi Williamina Fleming (1857–1911)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kass-Simon|first=Gabriele|url=https://archive.org/details/womenofsciencer000kass|title=Women of Science: Righting the Record|last2=Farnes|first2=Patricia|last3=Nash|first3=Deborah|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0253208132|page=[https://archive.org/details/womenofsciencer000kass/page/92 92]|url-access=registration}}</ref> * The world's first oil refinery an a process for extractin paraffin frae coal pittin doun the foondations for the modren oil industry: James Young (1811–1883)<ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-11-08|title=Founder of the modern oil industry to be honoured|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-15648088}}</ref> * Identifyin the minerals yttrialite, thorogummite, aguilarite and nivenite: bi William Niven (1889)<ref>Wicks, Robert S. and Harrison, Roland H. (1999). Buried Cities, Forgotten Gods: William Niven's Life of Discovery and Revolution in Mexico and the American Southwest, Texas Tech University Press. {{ISBN|0-89672-414-X}}</ref> * The concept o latent heat bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * Diskiverin the properties o [[Caurbon dioxide|Carbon dioxide]] bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * The concept o [[Heat capacity]] bi French-born Joseph Black (1728–1799) * The pyroscope, atmometer an aethrioscope scientific instruments: Sir [[John Leslie (physicist)|John Leslie]] (1766–1832) * Identifyin the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]] in leevin [[Cell (biology)|cells]]: Robert Brown (1773–1858) * An early version o the Incandescent light bulb: James Bowman Lindsay (1799-1862) * [[Colloid|Colloid chemistry]]: Thomas Graham (1805–1869) * The [[kelvin]] [[SI]] unit o [[Temperatur|temperature]] bi Irishman William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824–1907) * Pittin thegither the diagramatic seestem for representin chemical bonds: Alexander Crum Brown (1838–1922) * Creeminal fingerprinting: Henry Faulds (1843–1930) * The [[Noble gas|noble gases]]: Sir [[William Ramsay]] (1852–1916) * The clood chamber recordin o [[Atom|atoms]]: [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]] (1869–1959)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: C.T.R. Wilson Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/wilson-bio.html|access-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> * The diskivery o the ''Wave o Translation'', leadin tae the modren general theory o solitons bi John Scott Russell (1808-1882)<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Scott Russell and the solitary wave|url=https://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~chris/scott_russell.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.macs.hw.ac.uk}}</ref> * Statistical graphics: William Playfair foonder o the first statistical line chairts, bar chairts, an pie charts in (1786) an (1801) kent as a scientific ‘milestone’ in statistical graphs an data visualin<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spence|first=Ian|year=2005|title=No Humble Pie: The Origins and Usage of a statistical Chart|url=http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/~spence/Spence%202005.pdf|journal=Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics|volume=30|issue=4|pages=353–368|doi=10.3102/10769986030004353|access-date=2022-05-12|archive-date=2007-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320232857/http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/~spence/Spence%202005.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * The Arithmetic mean [[density]] o the Earth: Nevil Maskelyne conductit the Schiehallion experiment conductit at the [[Scotland|Scots]] ben o [[Schiehallion]], [[Perthshire]] 1774<ref>Maskelyne, N. (1772). "A proposal for measuring the attraction of some hill in this Kingdom". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' 65: 495–499. {{Bibcode|1775RSPT...65..495M}}</ref> * The first isolation o methylated sugars, trimethyl an tetramethyl glucose: James Irvine<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirst|first=E. L.|year=1953|title=James Colquhoun Irvine, 1877-1952|journal=Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry|volume=8|pages=xi–xvii|doi=10.1016/S0096-5332(08)60096-X|isbn=9780120072088|pmid=13138381}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Read|first=J|year=1952|title=Sir James Irvine, K.B.E., F.R.S|journal=Nature|volume=170|issue=4314|pages=13–14|bibcode=1952Natur.170...13R|doi=10.1038/170013a0|pmid=14957005|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Diskivery o the Japp–Klingemann reaction: tae synthesize hydrazones frae β-keto-acids (or β-keto-esters) an aryl diazonium salts 1887<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robert Japp|first=Francis|last2=Klingemann|first2=Felix|year=1887|title=Ueber Benzolazo- und Benzolhydrazofettsäuren|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425485|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2942–2944|doi=10.1002/cber.188702002165}}</ref> * Pioneerin wark on nutrition an poverty: John Boyd Orr (1880–1971)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica: Lord Boyd Orr|url=http://cache.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/76466/John-Boyd-Orr-Baron-Boyd-Orr-of-Brechin-Mearns|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110914041530/http://cache.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/76466/John-Boyd-Orr-Baron-Boyd-Orr-of-Brechin-Mearns|archive-date=September 14, 2011}}</ref> * Ferrocene synthetic substances: Peter Ludwig Pauson in 1955 * The first cloned mammal ([[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly the Sheep]]): Was conductit in The [[Roslin Institute]] resairch centre in 1996 bi English scientists Ian Wilmut (born 1944) an Keith Campbell (1954–2012). * The seismometer innovations thereof: [[James David Forbes]] * Metaflex fabric innovations thereof: [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes|University of St. Andrews]] (2010) appleein the first manufacturin fabrics thit chynge licht bi bendin it aroond a subject. Afore this, sic licht chynge atoms aboot war sortit on flat haurd surfaces. The team at St Andrews are the first tae come up wi the concept tae fabric.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scientists reveal material for 'invisibility cloak' &#124; Scotland &#124; News &#124; STV<!-- Bot generated title -->|url=http://news.stv.tv/internet-technology/206620-scientists-reveal-material-for-invisibility-cloak/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110015012/http://news.stv.tv/internet-technology/206620-scientists-reveal-material-for-invisibility-cloak/|archive-date=November 10, 2010}}</ref> * Tractor beam innovations thereof: [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes|St. Andrews University]] (2013) the warld's first tae succeed in pittin thegither a wirkin Tractor beam thit pulls objects on a microscopic level<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 January 2013|title=Star-Trek style tractor beam created by scientists|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-21187598}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brzobohatý|first=O.|last2=Karásek|first2=V.|last3=Šiler|first3=M.|last4=Chvátal|first4=L.|last5=Čižmár|first5=T.|last6=Zemánek|first6=P.|date=2013-01-20|title=Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a 'tractor beam'|journal=Nature Photonics|language=En|volume=7|issue=2|pages=123–127|bibcode=2013NaPho...7..123B|doi=10.1038/nphoton.2012.332|issn=1749-4885}}</ref> * Macaulayite: Dr. Jeff Wilson o the Macaulay Institute, [[Aiberdeen|Aberdeen]]. * Diskivery o Catacol whitebeam bi Scottish Natural Heritage an the Ryal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (1990s): a rare tree endemic an unique tae the Isle o Arran in the sooth wast o Scotland. The trees war confirmt tae be a distinct species bi DNA testin.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Trees on Arran 'are a whole new species'|language=en|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/sci-tech/trees-on-arran-are-a-whole-new-species-1-904428|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> * The first positive displacement liquid flowmeter, the reciprocatin piston meter bi Thomas Kennedy Snr.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glenfield Valves Limited|url=http://www.glenfield.co.uk/history/|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.glenfield.co.uk|archive-date=2018-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926123841/http://www.glenfield.co.uk/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sports innovations == Scots hae taen a muckle pairt in the invention an early development o twa-three sports: * Australian rules fitba Scots were at the forefront wi mony innovations in the early version o the gemme, includin the foondin o the Essendon Football Club byithe McCracken familie frae Ayrshire<ref>{{Cite web|title=Australian Rules Football. History And Origins.|url=http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/origins-australian-rules-football.htm|access-date=2018-11-14|website=www.collegesportsscholarships.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Blueseum - History of the Carlton Football Club {{!}} Theophilis S. Marshall|url=http://www.blueseum.org/tiki-index.php?page=Theophilis+S.+Marshall|access-date=2018-11-14|website=Blueseum - History of the Carlton Football Club|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Search of the Blue and White - Heritage Guide to The Geelong College|url=https://gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au/wiki/IN-SEARCH-of-the-BLUE-and-WHITE.ashx|access-date=2021-07-13|website=gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au|archive-date=2021-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713095422/https://gnet.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au/wiki/IN-SEARCH-of-the-BLUE-and-WHITE.ashx|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Twa-three modren athletics events, i.e. shot put an the hammer thraw, come frae [[Hieland gemmes|Hieland Gemmes]] an [[Scotland]] frae the early 12t yearhunner. * [[Curlin]] * Gaelic haundba The modren gemme o handball wis first recordit in Scotland in 1427, whan King James I, an ardent haundba player, haed his men block up a cellar windae in his palace courtyard thit was gittin in the wey o his gemme. * Cycling, invention o the pedal-cycle * [[Gowf]] (see Gowf in Scotland) * 1848: [[Fitba|Association fitba]]'s Glesgae rules (lairgely the sport's rules as we ken thaim the day) estaiblishit at [[Glesga Varsity|Glesga Vaersity]]. * [[Ice hockey|Ice Hockey]], inventit bi the Scots regiments in Atlantic Canada bi playin Shinty on frozent lochs. * [[Shinty]] The history o Shinty as a non-staundardtised sport come frae before Scotland as a Nation. The rules war staindardised in the 19t yearhunner bi Archibald Chisholm * [[Seivins|Rugby seivens]]: Ned Haig an David Sanderson (1883)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Origins of Sevens Rugby|url=http://www.sevensrugby.co.za/history.htm|access-date=2010-11-12}}</ref> * The Dugout was inventit bi [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen FC]] Coach Donald Colman in the 1920s * The warld's first Robot Olympics thit teuk place in Glesga in 1990. == Medical innovations == * Stairtin the uise o surgical anaesthesia wi Chloroform: First in 1842 bi Robert Mortimer Glover than pit tae uise on humans bi Sir [[James Young Simpson]] (1811–1870) First use o chloroform in dentistry bi Francis Brodie Imlach * The Saline drip bi Dr Thomas Latta o [[Leith]] in 1831/32 * The hypodermic syringe: Alexander Wood (1817–1884) * First diagnostic uise o an ultrasound scanner: Ian Donald (1910–1987) * Independent diskivery o inoculation for smallpox: Johnnie Notions ({{Circa|1730|1803}})<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Brian|date=July 1998|title=Camphor, Cabbage Leaves and Vaccination: the Career of Johnie 'Notions' Williamson of Hamnavoe, Eshaness, Shetland|url=https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/vol28_3.1_10.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|publisher=Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|volume=28|issue=3|pages=395–406|pmid=11620446|access-date=14 January 2021|via=|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731014908/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/vol28_3.1_10.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Diskivery o hypnotism (November 1841): James Braid (1795–1860)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Scottish Inventions & The Inventors Behind Them|url=https://www.scottish-at-heart.com/scottish-inventions.html|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> * General anaesthetic: Pioneered bi Scotsman [[James Young Simpson]] an Inglisman John Snow<ref name="bbc_johnsnow">{{Cite web|title=John Snow (1813 - 1858)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/snow_john.shtml|access-date=2010-12-06|publisher=BBC}}</ref> * Identifeein the [[Midge|mosquito]] as the carrier for malaria: Sir Ronald Ross (1857–1932) * Funnin the cause for brucellosis: Sir David Bruce (1855–1931) * Diskiverin the vaccine for typhoid fever: Sir [[William Boog Leishman|William B. Leishman]] (1865–1926) * Electrocardiography: Alexander Muirhead (1869)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alexander Muirhead|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Alexander_Muirhead|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.gracesguide.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> * Diskivery o [[Staphylococcus]]: Sir Alexander Ogston (1880)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Newsom|first=S. W. B.|date=2008-12-01|title=Ogston's coccus|url=https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(08)00396-4/abstract|journal=Journal of Hospital Infection|language=en|volume=70|issue=4|pages=369–372|doi=10.1016/j.jhin.2008.10.001|issn=0195-6701|pmid=18952323}}</ref> * Diskiverin [[insulin]]: [[John Macleod (pheesiologist)|John J R Macleod]] (1876–1935) wi ithers<ref name="insulin">{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: John Macleod - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> The diskivery led him tae be gien the awaird for Nobel prize in Medicine in 1923.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/|access-date=2011-03-11|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> * [[Penicillin]]: Sir [[Alexander Fleming]] (1881–1955)<ref name="penicillin">{{Cite web|title=Nobelprize.org: Sir Alexander Fleming - Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-bio.html|access-date=2008-12-31}}</ref> * First uise o X-ray cinematography: John Macintyre (1896); the first muivin real time X-ray eemage an the first KUB X-ray diagnostic eemage o a kidney stane in situ<ref name="universitystory.gla.ac.uk" /> * Estaiblishment o staundardised Ophthalmology: Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, a pioneerin Ophthalmologist in the 1930-50s<ref name="Lyle, T. K. 1980"/> * The first hospital Radiation therapy uinit: John Macintyre (1902); tae gie a haun wi the diagnosis an treatment for injuries an illness at Glesga Ryal Infirmary<ref name="universitystory.gla.ac.uk">{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of John Macintyre|url=http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH3015&type=P|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk}}</ref> * The ''Haldane effect'', a property o hemoglobin: Descrived first bi John Scott Haldane (1907)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boycott|first=A. E.|last2=Damant|first2=G. C. C.|last3=Haldane|first3=J. S.|year=1908|title=Prevention of compressed air illness|journal=J. Hygiene|volume=8|issue=3|pages=342–443|doi=10.1017/S0022172400003399|pmc=2167126|pmid=20474365}}</ref> * The first Decompression tables: John Scott Haldane (1908); tae calculate the safe retour o deep-sea divers tae surface atmospheric pressur<ref>Hellemans, Alexander; Bunch, Bryan (1988). The Timetables of Science. Simon & Schuster. p. 411. {{ISBN|0-671-62130-0}}.</ref> * Oxygen therapy: John Scott Haldane (1922), wi the publishin o ‘The Therapeutic Administration of Oxygen Therapy’, stairtin the modren era o Oxygen therapy<ref>The History of Respiratory Therapy: Discovery and Evolution by Dennis W. Glover p37 {{ISBN|1-4490-1491-7}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4490-1491-9}}</ref> * Transplant rejection: Professor Thomas Gibson (1940s) the first medical doctor tae unnerstaun the relationship atweesh donor graft tissue an host tissue rejection an tissue transplantation bi his work on aviation burns victims durin World War II<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: World Changing:: Developing our understanding of tissue transplantation|url=http://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=53|access-date=2018-11-20|website=www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk|archive-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072534/https://www.worldchanging.glasgow.ac.uk/article/?id=53|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Diskiverin an effective tuberculosis treatment: Sir John Crofton in the 1950s * Developin the first beta-blocker drugs: Sir James W. Black in 1964; revolutionised the medical management for angina<ref name="pmid10378820">{{Cite journal|last=van der Vring JA|date=June 1999|title=Combination of calcium channel blockers and beta blockers for patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris: a double-blind parallel-group comparison of different classes of calcium channel blockers. The Netherlands Working Group on Cardiovascular Research (WCN)|journal=Angiology|volume=50|issue=6|pages=447–454|doi=10.1177/000331979905000602|pmid=10378820}}</ref> an is seen as ae o the maist important contreebutions tae clinical medicine an [[pharmacology]] o the 20t yearhunner.<ref name="pmid9456487">{{Cite journal|last=Stapleton MP|year=1997|title=Sir James Black and propranolol. The role of the basic sciences in the history of cardiovascular pharmacology|journal=Texas Heart Institute Journal|volume=24|issue=4|pages=336–42|pmc=325477|pmid=9456487}}</ref> In 1988 Black wis gien the awaird for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. * Developin modren asthma therapy based on baith bronchodilation (salbutamol) an anti-inflammatory steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate): Sir David Jack (1972) * Chainsaw inventit bi surgeons John Aitken an James Jeffray for widenin the birth canal during difficult childbirth<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Skippen|first=M.|last2=Kirkup|first2=J.|last3=Maxton|first3=R. M.|last4=McDonald|first4=S. W.|year=2004|title=The chain saw--a Scottish invention - PubMed|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15209147/|journal=Scottish Medical Journal|volume=49|issue=2|pages=72–75|doi=10.1177/003693300404900218|pmid=15209147|access-date=2022-04-03}}</ref> * Glasgow coma scale: Graham Teasdale an Bryan J. Jennett (1974)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glasgow Coma Scale - Coma Science Group|url=http://www.coma.ulg.ac.be/images/gcs_comments.pdf|access-date=2010-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209065640/http://www.coma.ulg.ac.be/images/gcs_comments.pdf|archive-date=2011-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Glasgow Outcome Scale: Bryan J. Jennett & Sir Michael Bond (1975): diagnostic tuil for patients wi brain injuries, sic as cerebral traumas<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Glasgow Outcome Scale — 40 years of application and refinement|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/121690/1/121690.pdf|url-status=live|website=University of Glasgow}}</ref> * Diskiverin an developin the anesthetic drug Propofol: Dr. John B. Glen (1977); a surgical anesthetic uised aw aboot the warld, common in general surgery cases. In 2018 Dr. Glen wis gien a Lasker Award.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lasker Awards Given for Work in Genetics, Anesthesia and Promoting Women in Science|language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/11/health/lasker-awards-genetics-anesthesia-women.html|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> * Glasgow Anxiety Scale: J.Mindham an C.A Espie (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mindham J, Espie CA|year=2003|title=Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID): development and psychometric properties of a new measure for use with people with mild intellectual disability|journal=J Intellect Disabil Res|volume=47|issue=Pt 1|pages=22–30|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00457.x|pmid=12558692}}</ref> * Glasgow Depression Scale: Fiona Cuthill (2003); the first accurate self-report scale tae measure the levels o depression in fowk wi lairnin disabilities<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cuthill|first=Fiona M.|last2=Espie|first2=Colin A.|last3=Cooper|first3=Sally-Anne|date=April 13, 2003|title=Development and psychometric properties of the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability: Individual and carer supplement versions|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=182|issue=4|pages=347–353|doi=10.1192/bjp.182.4.347|pmid=12668412|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Diskiverin the Human papillomavirus [[vaccine]]: Ian Frazer (2006); the seicont cancer forfendin vaccine, an the warld's first vaccine made tae forfend a cancer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-24|title=Professor Ian Frazer recalls 'lucky' discovery of cervical cancer vaccine|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-25/ian-frazer-recalls-lucky-discovery-of-cervical-cancer-vaccine/8385872|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU}}</ref> * Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS): Strathclyde Varsity (2014); a laser an nanoparticle test tae airt oot Meningitis or multiple pathogenic agents at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-02-12|title=Lasers used for meningitis test|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-26146806|access-date=2018-11-20}}</ref> == Household innovations == * The [[telly]]: [[John Logie Baird]] (1923) * The [[refrigerator]]: William Cullen (1748)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the refrigerator and freezer about.com:inventors|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm|access-date=2010-06-13|archive-date=2020-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531033655/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-refrigerator-and-freezers-4072564|url-status=dead}}</ref> * The first [[Toaster|electric bread toaster]]: Alan MacMasters (1893) * The flush toilet: Alexander Cumming (1775) * The vacuum flask: Sir [[James Dewar]] (1847–1932) * The first distiller tae triple distill Irish whiskey:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jameson Irish Whiskey - Welcome to the Home of the world’s number one Irish whiskey<!-- Bot generated title -->|url=http://www.jamesonwhiskey.com/Home.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320165717/http://www.jamesonwhiskey.com/Home.aspx|archive-date=2009-03-20|access-date=2009-03-18}}</ref>John Jameson (Whisky distiller) * The piano fitpedal: John Broadwood (1732–1812) * The first automatit can-fillin machine John West (1809–1888)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cunningham|first=Glenn|year=1953|title=Oregon's First Salmon Canner, "Captain" John West|journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly|volume=54|issue=3|pages=240–248|jstor=20612107}}</ref> * The waterpruif macintosh: Charles Macintosh (1766–1843) * The kaleidoscope: Sir [[David Brewster]] (1781–1868) * Keiller's marmalade Janet Keiller (1797) - The first recipe o rind suspendit marmalade or Dundee marmalade producit in [[Dundee]]. * The modren lawnmower: Alexander Shanks (1801–1845) * The Lucifer friction match: Sir Isaac Holden (1807–1897) * The self filling pen: Robert Thomson (1822–1873) * Cotton-reel [[Yairn|thread]]: J &amp;amp; J Clark of [[Paisley]] * Lime cordial: Lauchlan Rose in 1867 * Bovril beef howkin: John Lawson Johnston in 1874 * The electric clock: Alexander Bain (1840) * Chemical Telegraph (Automatic Telegraphy) Alexander Bain (1846) In Ingland Bain's telegraph wis uised on the wires o the Electric Telegraph Company tae a limitit stent, an in 1850 it wis uised in America. == Wapens innovations == * The carronade cannon: Robert Melville (1723–1809)<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - ''A History Of The World'' - Object: A model Carronade|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/1Wxny91wQwqMqDKE2lXRSQ|access-date=2010-06-16}}</ref> * The Ferguson rifle: Patrick Ferguson in 1770 * The Lee bolt seestem as uised in the Lee–Metford an Lee–Enfield series rifles: James Paris Lee * The Ghillie suit first uised bi the Lovat Scouts * The percussion cap: inventit bi Scots Presbyterian clergyman Alexander Forsyth == Miscellaneous innovations == * Boys' Brigade: Sir William Alexander Smith<ref>[http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?articleId=7d8af2f30030024&sectionId=60 Raynor, Tauria (2008-10-30). "Boys' Brigade want alumni to return for a special anniversary". The Royal Gazette] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720212603/http://www.royalgazette.com/siftology.royalgazette/Article/article.jsp?articleId=7d8af2f30030024&sectionId=60 |date=2009-07-20 }}. Retrieved 2008-10-30.</ref> * [[Bank o Ingland|Bank of England]] devised by William Paterson * Bank of France devised by John Law * Grand Theft Auto: developit bi Scots game developers [[Rockstar North|DMA Design]] (kent later on as [[Rockstar North]]) * The industrialisation an modernisation o Japan bi Thomas Blake Glover<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thomas Glover {{!}} mitsubishi.com|url=https://www.mitsubishi.com/en/profile/history/series/thomas/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.mitsubishi.com|language=en}}</ref> * Colour photography: the first kent permanent colour photograph wis taen bi [[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879) * [[Buick|Buick Motor Company]] bi David Dunbar Buick * ''New York Herald'' newspaper bi James Gordon Bennett, Sr. * Pinkerton National Detective Agency bi Allan Pinkerton * ''Forbes'' magazine bi B. C. Forbes * The estaiblishin o a staundardised botanical institute: [[Isaac Bayley Balfour]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Paterson|first=Leonie|date=2015-03-31|title=Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour (1853-1922)|url=https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/14510|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Botanics Stories|language=en-US}}</ref> * Lunnon Schuil o Hygiene &amp;amp; Tropical Medicine: fooondit bi [[Patrick Manson|Sir Patrick Manson]] in 1899 * Barr's [[Irn-Bru]], saft drink producit bi Barr's in [[Cummernaud|Cumbernauld]] Scotland an exportit aw aroond the warld. The drink is that widely popular in Scotland that it ootsells baith American colas [[Coca-Cola]] an [[Pepsi]] an ranks 3rd maist popular drink in the UK wi Coca-Cola an Pepsi takkin the first twa spot.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-02-01|title=15 things you (probably) didn't know about Irn-Bru - Scotsman Food and Drink|language=en-US|work=Scotsman Food and Drink|url=http://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-irn-bru/|access-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119062704/http://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-irn-bru/|archive-date=2017-11-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> * == References == {{Reflist|3}} * [http://www.visitscotland.com/aboutscotland/history/scottishinventions Visit Scotland - Scottish Inventions] {{En}} === Publications === * Great Scottish Discoveries and Inventions {{En}}, Bill Fletcher, William W. Fletcher, John Harrold, Drew, 1985, University of California, {{ISBN|0-86267-084-5}}, {{ISBN|978-0-86267-084-9}} * Great Scottish inventions and discoveries: a concise guide : a selection of Scottish inventions and discoveries made over a period stretching back to the fifteenth century {{En}}, John Geddes, Northern Books, 1994 * Scottish Inventors {{En}}, Alistair Fyfe, HarperCollins, 1999, {{ISBN|0-00-472326-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-00-472326-6}} * The Scottish invention of America, democracy and human rights: a history of liberty and freedom from the ancient Celts to the New Millennium {{En}}, Alexander Leslie Klieforth, Robert John Munro, University Press of America, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7618-2791-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7618-2791-7}} * Philosophical chemistry in the Scottish enlightenment: the doctrines and discoveries of William Cullen and Joseph Black {{En}}, Arthur L. Donovan == Freemit Airtins == * [http://www2006.org/top20/inventions/ Tap Twinty Scots Inventions] {{En}}, 15t Internaitional Warld Wide Web Conference, Edinburgh, 2006 * [http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/education/inventors.html Scottish Inventors . . . who keep the world in touch] {{En}}, Global Friends of Scotland (a [[Scots Govrenment|Scottish Executive]] website) * [http://www.scottish-inventions.org.uk/welcome_frame.htm Scottish Inventors and their Inventions] {{En}}, Kenmay Academy [[Category:Scots inventions]] bfxyv748kw6tymjahl31gyn858adcns French Thrid Republic 0 232344 925691 922678 2026-11-03T16:03:07Z PurpleDinosaur585 129975 925691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Government of France atween 1870 and 1940}} {{Infobox country | native_name = {{lang|fr|République française}} | conventional_long_name = Republic of France | common_name = France | image_flag = Flag of France.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the III French Republic.svg | flag_border = aye | national_motto = {{Lang|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]}}<br/>("Liberty, Equality, Fraternity") | national_anthem = {{Lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]}}{{Center|[[File:La Marseillaise (1914 Recording).ogg]]}} | image_map2_size = 250px | image_map = French Republic 1939.svg | image_map_caption = The Republic of France in August 1939 {{Plainlist| *{{Legend|#336733|Metropolitan France}} *{{Legend|#48a448|French protectorates}} }} | image_map2 = France 1939.png | image_map2_caption = Launds and auchts of the Republic in 1939 {{Plainlist| *'''Dairk blue:''' [[Metropolitan France|Metropolitan territory]] *'''Licht blue:''' [[French colonial empire|Colonies]], [[League of Nations mandate|mandates]], and [[Protectorate#Protectorate|protectorates]] }} | largest_city = capital | capital = [[Pairis]] | coordinates = {{Coord|48|52|13|N|02|18|59|E|type:country|display=inline,title}} | common_languages = [[the French leid|French]] (official)<br>[[Gallo-Romance langages|Gallo-Romance]]<br>[[Occitano-Romance]]<br>[[Gallo-Italic]] | religion = {{Plainlist| *[[Roman Catholicism]] ([[Concordat of 1801]] ontil 1905) *[[Protestantism]] **[[Calvinism]] **[[Lutheranism]] *[[Judaism]] *[[Islam]] }} | government_type = [[Unitary pairliamentary republic]] * (unner a [[interlocutory government]] {{small|''(4 September 1870 tae 13 Februar 1871)''}}) | title_leader = [[Praisident of France|Praisident]] | leader1 = [[Louis-Jules Trochu]] | year_leader1 = 1870–1871 (''foremaist'') | leader2 = [[Albert Lebrun]] | year_leader2 = 1932–1940 (''hindmaist'') | title_deputy = [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Prime Minister]] | deputy1 = [[Louis Jules Trochu]] | year_deputy1 = 1870–1871 (''foremaist'') | deputy2 = [[Paul Reynaud]] | year_deputy2 = 1940 (''hindmaist'') | legislature = [[Pairliament of France|Pairliament]] | house1 = [[Senate of France|Senate]] | house2 = [[Chaumer of Deputes of France|Chaumer of Deputes]] | stat_year1 = 1870 | stat_year2 = 1894 (Metropolitan France) | stat_area2 = 536464 | stat_year3 = 1938 (as weel as colonies) | stat_pop3 = 150,000,000<ref>{{Cite book |first=Herbert Ingram |last=Priestley |title=France overseas: A Study of Modern Imperialism |date=1938 |pages=440–441}}</ref> | stat_area3 = 13500000{{Sfn|Aldrich|1996|p=304}}<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Melvin E. |editor-last=Page |title=Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&pg=PA218 |year=2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=218 |isbn=9781576073353 |access-date=23 December 2021 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119170748/https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&pg=PA218 |url-status=live }}</ref> | currency = [[French franc]] |type_house1=Ower Hous|type_house2=Lawer Hous}} The '''Third Republic of France''' (French: ''Troisième République'', whiles written as ''La III<sup>e</sup> République'') wis the system of government adoptit in [[Fraunce|France]] frae 4 September 1870, whan the [[Seicont French Empire|Saicont Empire of France]] collapsed durin the Franco-Prussian Weir, or 10 Julie 1940, efter the Faw of France in [[Warld War II|Warld Weir II]] resultit in the foundin of the Vichy government. The Third Republic of France wis a [[Pairlamentary republic|pairliamentary republic]]. The airly days of the Third Republic of France wir dominatit bi political stramash brocht on wi the Franco-Prussian Weir of 1870-1871, whilk the Third Republic keepit up efter the faw of Emperor [[Napoleon III]] in 1870. Social squabash and the Pairis Commune preceidit the hindmaist defait. The [[German Empire|Empire of Germany]], made kent bi the invaders in the [[Pailace o Versailles|Pailace of Versailles]], teuk the pairts of France kent as [[Alsace]] (keepin the [[Territoire de Belfort]]) and [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] (the nor-aest pairt, kent the day as the {{interleid airtin|depairtment of Moselle|en|Moselle}}). The airly governments of the Third Republic of France considered re-foundin the monarchy, but disagreeances as tae the naitur of thon monarchy and the richtfu beirer of the croun cuidna be sattle’t. Ower the heids of this, the Third Republic, oreiginally ettled tae be an {{interleid airtin|interlocutory government|en|Provisional_government}}, insteid became the permanent form of government in France. The French constitutional laws of 1875 laid doun the mak-up of the Third Republic. It wis made up of a Chaumer of Deputes and a Senate tae mak the law-makkin brainch of government and a praisident tae sair as heid of state. Caws for the re-foundin of the monarchy dominatit the offices of the first twa praisidents, {{interleid airtin|Adolphe Thiers|en|Adolphe Thiers}} and {{interleid airtin|Patrice de MacMahon|en|Patrice de MacMahon}}. Housomever, growin support for the republican form of government amang the French popular and a tring of republican praisidents in the 1880s slawly smoored howps of a restauration wi the republic bein seen as, in the wirds of Thiers, “the form of government that divides us the laest”. The Third Republic estaiblished a fouth of [[French colonial empire|French colonial auchts]], amang thaim {{interleid airtin|French Indochina|en|French Indochina}}, {{interleid airtin|French Madagascar|en|French Madagascar}}, [[French Polynesie|French Polynesia]], and muckle territories in {{interleid airtin|Wast Africa|en|French_West_Africa}} durin the {{interleid airtin|Scramble for Africa|en|Scramble for Africa}}, aw of thaim gotten in the hindmaist twa decades of the 19t century. The airly years of the 20t century wir dominatit bi the {{interleid airtin|Democratic Republican Alliance|en|Democratic_Republican_Alliance}}, whilk stertit aff as a centre-left political alliance, but ower time became the main centre-richt pairty. The period frae the stert of [[Warld War I|Warld Weir I]] tae the late 1930s featured shairply polarised politics, atween the Democratic Republic Alliance and the {{interleid airtin|Radicals|en|Radical_Party_(France)}}. The government fell less nor a year efter the oncome of Warld Weir II, whan the Nazis occupied the feck of France, and wis replaced bi the rival governments of [[Charles de Gaulle]]’s Free France ((''La France libre'') and [[Philippe Pétain]]'s [[French State]] (''L'État français''). Out-throu the 19t and 20t centuries, the colonial empire of France wis the saicont mucklest colonial empire in the warld anely ahint the [[Breetish Empire|Empire of Britain]]; it raxed ower 13,500,000 km<sup>2</sup> (5,200,000 sq mi) of land at its heicht in the 1920s and 1930s. Journalist Raymond Recouly wrate in 1931 that of aw the Pouers in Europe, anely France cuid offer baith a sonsie metropolitan and colonial militar career.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Recouly|first=R.|title=Joffre|publisher=[[Éditions des Portiques]]|year=1931|location=Paris}}</ref> In terms of population houaniver, on the eve of Warld Weir II, France and its colonial auchts totted anely 150 million indwallers, forbye 330 million for [[Breetish Indie|British India]] alane. Adolphe Thiers cried republicanism in the 1870s “the form of government that divides France the laest”; housomever, the politics unner the Third Republic wis shairply polarised. On the left stuid reformist France, heir tae the [[French Revolution]]. On the richt stuid conservative France, ruitit in the paisantry, the [[Catholic Kirk]], and the airmy.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maurice|first=Larkin|title=Religion, Politics and Preferment in France since 1890: La Belle Époque and its Legacy|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-521-52270-0|pages=3}}</ref> Maugre France’s shairply dividit electorate and constant ettles tae whummle it, the Third Republic held on for 70 year, whilk maks it the langest-lestin system of government in France syne the faw of the ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' in 1789.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Michael P.|title="The Night the Old Regime Ended: August 4, 1789 and the French Revolution|publisher=[[Penn State University Press]]}}</ref> == References == [[Category:French Third Republic|French Third Republic]] [[Category:Historie|Historie]] [[Category:Fraunce|Fraunce]] 2vouequzo9xevjwxxobpmp3cjamzlae Template:Featurt airticle/November 2026 10 234226 925693 2026-11-03T16:18:41Z CiphriusKane 74958 Reguidin tae [[Template:Featurt airticle/November 2020]] 925693 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Featurt airticle/November 2020]] 5ukhkxdtlse04x2jiwlpxh721chnnn8 Lekhwiya SC 0 234227 925720 2026-11-04T11:37:49Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Lekhwiya SC]] til [[Al Duhail SC]] 925720 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Al Duhail SC]] kdv5945b723b7mox2bn8m3vlw98j15n