Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1697 925728 919582 2026-11-04T21:19:19Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Henry Ford 1888.jpg|thumb|right|Henry Ford]] '''Henry Ford''' (30 Julie 1863 – 7 Aprile 1947) wis the foonder o the [[Ford Motor Company]] an is creditit wi holpin mak a [[middle cless]] in [[United States|American]] society. He wis ane o the first til applee [[assembly line]] manufacturin ti the mass production o cheap [[Caur (vehicle)|caurs]]. This feat didna juist revolutionise industrial production in the United States an the lave o the warld, but haed a fluence ower modren cultur ti sic an extent that monie social theorists identifee's this phase o economic an social history as "[[Fordism]]." == Fremmit Airtins == * [http://www.colegiosaofrancisco.com.br/gem/artigos/index.php Fordismo (Português)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214044951/http://www.colegiosaofrancisco.com.br/gem/artigos/index.php |date=2005-12-14 }} * [http://www.hfha.org/ The Henry Ford Heritage Association] * ''The Nation'', asd24, 2000. * [http://www.detnews.com/2001/hometech/0112/12/d01-364560.htm Review of]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Henry Ford an the Jews * [http://www.kuhistory.com/proto/story.asp?id=42 Airticle anent the 1916 Peace Ship expedition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205202145/http://www.kuhistory.com/proto/story.asp?id=42 |date=2005-02-05 }} * Full text o ''[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/7213 My Life and Work] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012023511/http://gutenberg.net/etext/7213 |date=2008-10-12 }}'' frae [[Project Gutenberg]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040825075040/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/llt/51/pauwels.html American Corporate Support for the Nazis] * [http://www.quotationsbook.com/authors/2560/Henry_Ford Notable quotations an speech excerpts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130152900/http://quotationsbook.com/authors/2560/Henry_Ford/ |date=2015-01-30 }} === Patents === * [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=610040.WKU.&OS=PN/610040&RS=PN/610040 US610040] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216025921/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=610040.WKU.&OS=PN%2F610040&RS=PN%2F610040 |date=2018-12-16 }} -- [[Carburettor]] * [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=686046.WKU.&OS=PN/686046&RS=PN/686046 US686046] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216193313/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=686046.WKU.&OS=PN%2F686046&RS=PN%2F686046 |date=2018-12-16 }} -- [[Chassis|Motor carriage]] == References == * Lee, Albert; ''Henry Ford and the Jews''; Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1980; ISBN 0-8128-2701-5 * Baldwin, Neil; ''Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate''; PublicAffairs, 2000; ISBN 1-58648-163-0 * Ford, Henry an Crowther, Samuel; ''My Life and Work'' * Wallace, Max ''The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich''; ISBN 0-312-33531-8 * Bryan, Ford R. ''Henry's Lieutenants'', 1993; ISBN 0-8143-2428-2 {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, Henry}} [[Category:1863 births]] [[Category:1947 daiths]] [[Category:19t-century American Episcopalians]] [[Category:20t-century American Episcopalians]] [[Category:American automotive ingineers]] [[Category:American foonders o automobile manufacturers]] [[Category:American fowk o Belgian strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American steel industry businessfowk]] [[Category:Automotive pioneers]] [[Category:Chief executives in the automobile industry]] [[Category:Daiths frae cerebral hemorrhage]] [[Category:Ford executives]] [[Category:Georgists]] [[Category:Henry Ford faimily|Henry Ford]] [[Category:Henry Ford| ]] [[Category:History o the Unitit States (1865–1918)]] [[Category:International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees]] [[Category:Laund speed record fowk]] [[Category:Motorsports Hall of Fame of America inductees]] [[Category:Fowk frae Dearborn, Michigan]] [[Category:Propagandists]] [[Category:Protocols o the Elders o Zion]] [[Category:Recipients o the Grand Cross o the Order o the German Eagle]] [[Category:Unitit States presidential candidates, 1916]] a7dgfzl7wkwe40906peuokfdke87ory 0 2155 925734 911662 2026-11-04T21:25:38Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots|date=October 2020}}[[File:Ernest Rutherford LOC.jpg|thumb|160px|right|Ernest Rutherford]] {{Nobel}} The Richt Honourable '''Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford o Nelson,''' [[Privy Cooncil o the Unitit Kinrick|PC]], OM, FRS (30 August 1871–19 October 1937), wis a [[New Zealand]]-born [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetish]] nuclear physicist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-01|title=Ernest Rutherford|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/ernest-rutherford|url-status=live|access-date=2023-03-21|website=Science History Institute|publisher=Science History Institute|language=en}}</ref> He wis kent as the "faither" o [[nuclear physics]], pioneered the [[Bohr model|orbital theory]] o the [[atom]], in his kenspeckle diskiverie o rutherford scatterin aff the nucleus wi his gowd foil experiment.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rutherford, Ernest: Gold foil experiment|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/124956|access-date=2023-03-21|website=Britannica Kids|language=en-US}}</ref> Rutherford wis born at Spring Grove (nou in [[Brightwater]]), naur [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]. He studied at Nelson College an wan a scholarship for studie at Canterbury College, Varsity o New Zealand, wi three degrees an twa year o resairch at the forefront o electrical technology.<ref name=":0" /> [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] winner in chemistry 1908.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/summary/|access-date=2023-03-21|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref> == Fremmit airtins == {{commons|Ernest Rutherford}} * ''Rutherford Scientist Supreme''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=John, December 27-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45307315|title=Rutherford : scientist supreme|date=1999|publisher=AAS Publications|isbn=0-473-05700-X|location=Christchurch, N.Z.|oclc=45307315}}</ref>[http://www.rutherford.org.nz] * Dictionary of New Zealand Biography entry<ref>{{Cite web|last=Campbell|first=John|date=January 2002|title=Rutherford, Ernest|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3r37/rutherford-ernest|url-status=live|website=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography}}</ref> [https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3r37/rutherford-ernest] * Public Broadcasting Service 'Science Odyssey People and Discoveries'<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Ernest Rutherford|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpruth.html|access-date=2023-03-21|website=www.pbs.org}}</ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpruth.html] * On the anniversary of Ernest Rutherford's discoveries<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-31|title=EDGE #365 On the Anniversary of Ernest Rutherford's Find + 12 stories - Brian Sweeney, Magazine|url=https://www.nzedge.com/magazine/edge-366/|access-date=2023-03-21|website=NZEDGE|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321220555/https://www.nzedge.com/magazine/edge-366/|url-status=dead}}</ref> http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/rutherford.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302102542/http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/rutherford.html |date=2009-03-02 }} * http://www.orcbs.msu.edu/radiation/radhistory/ernestrutherford.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604051314/http://www.orcbs.msu.edu/radiation/radhistory/ernestrutherford.html |date=2004-06-04 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rutherford, Ernest}} [[Category:1871 births]] [[Category:1937 daiths]] [[Category:New Zealand nuclear physicists]] [[Category:Breetish chemists]] [[Category:Breetish physicists]] [[Category:Breetish Nobel laureates]] [[Category:New Zealand physicists]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]] [[Category:Recipients o the Copley Medal]] [[Category:Preses o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Members o the Pontifical Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Honorary Members o the Roushie Academy o Sciences (1917–1925)]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Academics o the Victoria Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Barons in the Peerage o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Knichts Bachelor]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:New Zealand Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Buirials at Wastmeenster Aibey]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o New Zealand]] [[Category:Faraday Lecturers]] [[Category:Correspondin Members o the Roushie Academy o Sciences (1917–1925)]] [[Category:New Zealand recipients o a Breetish peerage]] {{Stub/UK}} {{Stub/NZ}} {{Stub/Scieence}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] jz625fmslu2ax6l4e0j5z3h5nsvnovo 0 5603 925738 565321 2026-11-04T21:30:20Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925738 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nick Griffin.jpg|thumb|Nick Griffin]] '''Nicholas John Griffin''' (born 1 Mairch 1959) is the umwhile leader o the [[Breetish Naitional Pairty]], a [[faur-richt]] [[naitionalism|naitionalist]] pairty in the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Griffin, Nick}} [[Category:1959 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:MEPs for the Unitit Kinrick 2009–14]] [[Category:Breetish fascists]] [[Category:Breetish anti-communists]] {{Stub/UK}} 41kg44qcxa7gtuobcsmr9ikmclf4qap 0 8468 925731 903123 2026-11-04T21:22:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the astronaut|Michael Collins (astronaut)}} {{Infobox officeholder | nickname = [[The Big Fellae]] | name = Michael Collins<br /><small>{{lang-ga|Míceál Ó Coileáin}}</small> | image = Michael Collins.jpg | image_size = | caption = Michael Collins in 1919 | office2 = [[Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State|Chairman of the Provisional Government]]<ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=0&HouseNum=1&MemberID=201&ConstID=42|title=Mr. Michael Collins|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=1 June 2009|archive-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226043112/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/tds/?term=%2Fie%2Foireachtas%2Fhouse%2Fdail%2F1|url-status=dead}}</ref> | termstart2 = Januar 1922 | termend2 = 22 August 1922 | preceded2 = ''Office created'' | succeeded2 = [[W. T. Cosgrave]] | office3 = [[Meenister for Finance (Ireland)|Meenister for Finance]] | termstart3 = 2 Apryle 1919 | termend3 = 22 August 1922 | preceded3 = [[Eoin MacNeill]] | succeeded3 = W. T. Cosgrave | office4 = [[Meenister for Juistice an Equality|Meenister for Hame Affairs]] | termstart4 = 22 Januar 1919 | termend4 = 1 Apryle 1919 | preceded4 = New office | succeeded4 = [[Arthur Griffith]] | office5 = [[Teachta Dála]] | termstart5 = Mey 1921 | termend5 = August 1922 | constituency5 = {{unbulleted list | [[Armagh (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Armagh]], | [[Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West]] }} | termstart6 = December 1918 | termend6 = Mey 1921 | constituency6 = [[South Cork (UK Pairlament constituency)|Cork South]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|10|16|df=y}} | birth_place = Sam's Cross, [[Coonty Cork]], <!-- NOTE: Please do NOT add United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland here, the established practice is to use geographic terms -->Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|1922|8|22|1890|10|16|df=y}} | death_place = [[Béal na Bláth]], Coonty Cork, Ireland {{KIA}} | party = [[Sinn Féin]] | alma_mater = [[King's College London]] | signature = Michael Collins signature.png | allegiance = {{unbulleted list | [[Erse Republic|Revolutionary Erse Republic]] | [[Erse Republican Britherheid]] | [[Erse Volunteers]] | [[Irish Republican Army]] | [[Naitional Airmy (Ireland)|Naitional Airmy]] }} | rank = [[Commander-in-chief]] | serviceyears = 1909–22 | battles = {{unbulleted list | [[Pace Risin]] | [[Erse War o Unthirldom]] | [[Erse Ceevil War]] }} }} '''Michael John ("Mick") Collins''' (Erse: Mícheál Seán Ó Coileáin; 16 October 1890 - 22 August 1922) wis an Erse revolutionar leader, Meenister for Finance o the First Dail in 1919 an Director o Intelligence for the IRA durin the [[Erse Weir o Unthirldom]]. He wis shotten an killt durin the Erse Ceevil War in 1922. == Bairnheid an youth == He wis born in Sam's Cross in [[Wast Cork]], Ireland on 12t October 1890. He wis the youngest o aicht bairns. His faither dee'd whan the young Michael wis anely sax year auld. Whan he wis young he developpit a stark feelin o naitionalism. Whan he wis 15 year auld, he flittit tae [[Lunnon]] and bidit wi his sister while studyin at [[Keeng's College, Lunnon]]. In 1906 he jynit the Breetish Ceevil Service, an tae pass the exam he haed tae ruise the Breetish Empire. He wis than empolyit bi the Post Offish. He than jynit the [[Erse Republican Britherheid]], a saicret Erse naitionalist society. == Politics == === Pace Risin === Michael Collins wis inrowit in the [[Pace Risin]] in 1916, fechtin wi [[Patrick Pearse]] an ithers in the [[General Post Ofeesh]], Dublin. He wis reestit an he wis sent tae [[Frongoch Internment Camp]]. In thare his guideship shawit an efter release he becam a leadin feegur in Sinn Fein. === First Dail === In 1918 he wis electit as MP for Cork Sooth. Housomeiver, as wi aw Sinn Fein MPs, he daed nae tak his seat in Westminster but set up a Pairlament in Dublin insteid. The cried the nou Pairlament Dail Eireann (Erse for Assemly o Ireland) an met in Dublin for the first time in 1919. == Erse Weir o Unthirldom == Durin the weir Collins wis keppit verra busy. He gart a group o assassins kill Breetish spies, he organisit the Irish Republican Airmy an he wis smugglin wappens intae Ireland for the weir. He wis responsible for the creation o the Fleein Columns o the IRA. Efter the weir, Collins wis inrowit in the negotiations of the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]]. == Anglo-Irish Treaty == The Treaty proponed the creation o an [[Erse Free State]] but that Ireland wis parteetionit [[Northren Ireland]] bade in the Unitit Kinrick. Forby, Ireland wad be a dominion o Breetain an nae independent. This wis naur passit bi 64 votes tae 57 in the Dail, an the Republicans wis spleet. Michael Collins gree'd wi the treaty whilk meant he wis on the pro-Treaty side o the resultin [[Erse Ceevil Weir]]. == Erse Ceevil War an daith == In 1922 the anti-Treaty IRA stertit a Ceevil Weir bi occupeein the Fower Coorts in Dublin (even tho Collins wis saicretly plannin a guerilla weir agin Nothren Ireland). Collins didnae want tae stairt a weir, but the Breetish warnished him that, if he didnae dae somethin aboot the IRA, thay wad. Unner Collins the Free State troops teuk back guidal o Dublin but anti-Treaty sodgers still haudit Munster an ither auries an aw. Collins pat hissel in danger bi veesitin the Sooth o the kintra in a shottie fur tae negotiate a parley wi Tom Barry an Tom Hales. At the veelage o Beal na mBlath, his convoy wis attackit an he wis shotten and killt. == See an aw == *[[Erse Weir o Unthirldom]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== * {{in|en}} [http://www.michaelcollinscentre.com/index.html Michael Collins Centre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301105029/http://www.michaelcollinscentre.com/index.html |date=2012-03-01 }} * {{in|en}} [http://generalmichaelcollins.com/ Collins 22 Society] {{Commonscat}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Collins, Michael}} [[Category:1890 births]] [[Category:1922 daiths]] [[Category:Alumni o King's College London]] [[Category:Assassinatit Erse politeecians]] [[Category:Buirials at Glasnevin Seemetry]] [[Category:Collins faimily|Michael]] [[Category:Daiths bi fireairm in Ireland]] [[Category:Early Sinn Féin TDs]] [[Category:GAA fowk frae Lunnon]] [[Category:Guerrilla warfare theorists]] [[Category:Heids o Erse proveesional govrenments]] [[Category:IRA Directorate o Intelligence (1917–22) members]] [[Category:Erse naitionalists]] [[Category:Irish Republican Army (1919–22) members]] [[Category:Erse republicans]] [[Category:Erse revolutionaries]] [[Category:Members o the 1st Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 2nt Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 3rd Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the Erse Republican Britherheid]] [[Category:Members o the Hoose o Commons o Northren Ireland 1921–25]] [[Category:Members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Cork constituencies]] [[Category:Meenisters for Finance (Ireland)]] [[Category:Meenisters for Juistice (Ireland)]] [[Category:Naitional Airmy (Ireland) generals]] [[Category:Fowk frae Coonty Cork]] [[Category:Fowk o the Pace Risin]] [[Category:Fowk o the Erse Ceevil War (Pro-Treaty side)]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Coonty Cork]] [[Category:Sinn Féin MPs (pre-1921)]] [[Category:UK MPs 1918–1922]] [[Category:Members o the Hoose o Commons o Northren Ireland for Armagh constituencies]] {{Stub/Ireland}} b7wr8s4oe3ljxf0ckn43dwf328hdx2k 0 9020 925740 925385 2026-11-04T23:48:07Z ~2026-58762-94 139763 ye 925740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = Roman Empire | common_name = Roman Empire | native_name = {{unbulleted list |item3_style=font-size:80%;padding-top:0.15em;line-height:1.15em | {{native phrase|la|Imperium Romanum}} | '''''{{lang|la|Senatus Populusque Romanus}}''''' ([[SPQR]])<br />{{smaller|{{nobold|Roman [[Senate o the Roman Republic|Senate]] an Fowk}}<ref group="n">Ither weys o referrin tae the "Roman Empire" amang the Romans an Greeks themselves includit ''{{lang|la|Res publica Romana}}'' or ''{{lang|la|Imperium Romanorum}}'' (an aa in Greek: {{lang|grc|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} – {{grc-tr|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} – ["Dominion (Leeterally 'kinrick' but an aa interpretit as 'empire') o the Romans"]) an ''Romania''. ''{{lang|la|Res publica}}'' means Roman "commonweel" <!--?: Usually,--> an can refer to baith the Republican an the Imperial eras. ''{{lang|la|Imperium Romanum}}'' (or ''{{lang|la|Romanorum}}'') refers tae the territorial extent o Roman authority. ''{{lang|la|Populus Romanus}}'' ("the Roman fowk") wis/is eften uised [[Metonym|tae indicate the Roman state]] in matters involvin ither naitions. The term ''Romania'', ineetially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as a [[Collective noon|collective name]] for its indwallers, appears in Greek an Laitin soorces frae the 4t century onwart an wis eventually carried ower tae the [[Eastren Roman Empire]] (see R. L. Wolff, "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople" in ''Speculum'' 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 an especially pp. 2–3).</ref>}} | {{native phrase|grc|Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|grc|''Basileía Rhōmaíōn''}}}} }} | continent=Eurasie |region=[[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]] |status=Empire | life_span = {{line-height|1.3em|{{nowrap|27  BC  – 395  AD}}<br />{{nowrap|395 – 480 {{small|{{nobold|([[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren]])}}}}}}<br />{{nowrap|395}} – 1453 {{small|{{nobold|([[Eastren Roman Empire|Eastren]])}}}}}} | p1=Roman Republic |image_p1=[[File:Consul et lictores.png|30px|link=Roman Republic]] | s1=Wastren Roman Empire |image_s1=[[File:Julius Nepos Tremissis.jpg|30px|link=Wastren Roman Empire]] | s2=Eastren Roman Empire |image_s2=[[File:Constantine multiple CdM Beistegui 233.jpg|30px|link=Byzantine Empire]] | image_coat=Augustus Aureus infobox version.png | symbol_type = ''[[Aureus]]'' o [[Augustus]] | image_flag = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg | flag_border = no | flag_size = 100px | flag_type = [[Vexilloid]] | image_map = Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png | image_map_caption = The Roman Empire in 117 AD, at its greatest extent at the time o [[Trajan]]'s daith (its [[vassal]]s in pink).<ref>{{cite book|author=Bennett, Julian |title=Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk_tofvS8EsC|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-16524-2}}. Fig. 1. Regions east o the [[Euphrates]] river war held anerly in the years 116–117.</ref> | capital = [[Roum]] (27 BC – AD 410)<br> [[Mediolanum]] (286–402, [[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren]])<br> [[Augusta Treverorum]] <br> [[Sirmium]] <br> [[Ravenna]] (402–476, Wastren)<br> [[Nicomedia]] (286–330, [[Eastren Roman Empire|Eastren]])<br> [[Constantinople]] (330–1453, Eastren)<br> [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] (663–669, Eastren) | common_languages = {{plainlist}} * [[Laitin]] <small>(offeecial till 610)</small> * [[Greek leid|Greek]] <small>(offeecial efter 610)</small> * [[Leids o the Roman Empire|Regional{{\}}local leids]] | religion = {{unbulleted list | {{longitem|{{small|Afore AD 380''':'''}} [[Imperial cult (auncient Roum)|Imperial cult]]-driven [[Releegion in auncient Rome|polytheism]]}} | {{small|Frae AD 380''':'''}} [[State kirk o the Roman Empire|Christianity]] }} | government_type = [[Mixed govrenment|Mixed]], functionally [[absolute monarchy]] | title_leader = [[Roman emperor#Titles an poseetions|Emperor]] | year_leader1 = {{nowrap|27  BC  – AD 14}} |leader1 = [[Augustus]] {{smaller|(first)}} | year_leader2 = 98–117 |leader2 = [[Trajan]] | year_leader3 = 284–305 |leader3 = [[Diocletian]] | year_leader4 = 306–337 |leader4 = [[Constantine I]] | year_leader5 = 379–395 |leader5 = [[Theodosius I]]<ref group="n">The final emperor tae rule ower aw o the Roman Empire's territories afore its conversion tae a diarchy.</ref> | year_leader6 = 474–480 |leader6 = [[Julius Nepos]]<ref group="n">Offeecially the final emperor o the Wastren empire.</ref> | year_leader7 = 527–565 |leader7 = [[Justinian I]] | year_leader8 = 976–1025 |leader8 = [[Basil II]] | year_leader9 = 1449–1453 |leader9 = [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]]<ref group="n">Last emperor o the Eastren (Byzantine) empire.</ref> | legislature = [[Senate o the Roman Empire|Senate]] | era = [[Clessical era]] tae [[Late Middle Ages]] | date_pre = 32–30 BC |event_pre = [[Final War o the Roman Republic|Final War o the<br />Roman Republic]] | year_start = 30–2 BC |event_start = [[Constitutional reforms o Augustus|Empire established]] | date_event1 = 330 |event1 = [[Constantinople#306–337|Constantinople]]<br />becomes capital | date_event2 = 395 |event2 = {{nowrap|[[Wastren Roman Empire#Final diveesion|Final]] [[Greek East an Laitin Wast|East Wast]] divide}} | date_event3 = 476 |event3 = [[Faw o the Wastren Roman Empire]] | date_event4 = 1202–1204 |event4 = [[Fowert Crusade]] |date_event5 = 1261 |event5 = Reconquest o Constantinople | year_end = 1453 |date_end=29 May |event_end=[[Faw o Constantinople]] | stat_year1 = 25 BC<ref name="size">{{cite journal |journal=Social Science History |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |year=1979 |page=125|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|publisher=Duke University Press |authorlink=Rein Taagepera}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.2307/1971891 | jstor=1971891 | title=Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_population-and-development-review_1977-09_3_3/page/253 | journal=Population and Development Review | volume=3 | issue=3 | pages=253 | year=1977 | last1=Durand | first1=John D. }}</ref> |stat_area1 = 2750000 |stat_pop1 = 56800000 | stat_year2 = AD 117<ref name="size"/><ref name="cliodynamics.info">{{cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D|title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires|journal=Journal of world-systems research|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|page=222|url=http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf|accessdate=6 February 2016|issn=1076-156X|archive-date=2016-05-17|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517210851/http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|stat_area2 = 5000000 |stat_pop2 = | stat_year3 = AD 390<ref name="size"/> |stat_area3 = 4400000 |stat_pop3 = | currency = [[Sestertius]],<ref group="n">Abbreviatit "HS". Prices an values are uisually expressed in sesterces.</ref> [[Aureus]], [[Solidus (cunyie)|Solidus]], [[Solidus (cunyie)|Nomisma]] }} The '''Roman Empire''' (or '''Impire''') wis a gey muckle [[empire]] wi its caipital in [[Roum]], ringed ower bi an [[emperor]]. The first [[emperor]] o Rome wis jack david mcdonald, efter cried Augustus, frae the year [[27 BC]]. Afore that, Rome haed been a [[republic]] ringed ower bi a cooncil cried the "[[Roman Senate|Senate]]". The Roman Empire wis maist muckle whan ringed ower bi [[Trajan]] ben the year 117. Efter him, [[Hadrian]] shapit it less muckle, an shapit [[Hadrian's waw]] ben the nor o Ingland. Mony modren kintras are on land that wis aince pairt o the Roman Empire, includin [[Ingland]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Fraunce]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Turkey]], [[Germany]], [[Egyp]], an the north coast o [[Africae]]. The leid o the Roman Empire wis [[Laitin]]. The wastren pairt o the Roman Empire conteena'd for nearhaund 1000 year, an the eastren pairt, includin [[Greece]] an [[Turkey]], conteena'd for aboot a thoosand year mair. The eastren pairt wis cried the [[Byzantine Empire]] - fer the auld name o the kintra - wi a caipital at [[Constantinople]]. ==History== [[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Augustus o Prima Porta]]''<br />(early 1st century AD)]] Roum haed began expandin shortly efter the foondin o the republic in the 6t century BC, tho it did nae expand ootside the [[Italian Peninsula]] till the 3rd century BC. Then, it wis an "empire" lang afore it haed an emperor.<ref>[[#Kelly|Kelly]], pp. 4ff.</ref><ref name=n1>[[#Nicolet|Nicolet]], pp. 1, 15</ref><ref>Brennan, T. Corey (2000) ''The Praetorship in the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press. p. 605.</ref><ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 39–40.</ref> The Roman Republic wis nae a naition-state in the modren sense, but a network o touns left tae rule themsels (tho wi varyin degrees o unthirldom frae the [[Roman Senate]]) an provinces admeenistert bi militar commanders. It wis ruled, nae bi emperors, but bi annually electit [[Roman magistrate|magistrates]] ([[Roman Consul]]s abuin aw) in conjunction wi the senate.<ref name="Ando p. 179">[[#Potter2009|Potter (2009)]], p. 179.</ref> For various raisons, the 1st century BC wis a time o poleetical an militar upheaval, that ultimately led tae rule bi emperors.<ref name=n1/><ref name=Hekster>Hekster, Olivier and Kaizer, Ted (2011). Preface to ''Frontiers in the Roman World. Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durhan, 16–19 April 2009)''. Brill. p. viii.</ref><ref>[[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999) ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press. p. 114</ref><ref>Eder, W. (1993) "The Augustan Principate as Binding Link," in ''Between Republic and Empire''. University of California Press. p. 98. {{ISBN|0520084470}}.</ref> The consuls' militar pouer restit in the Roman legal concept o ''[[imperium]]'', that leeterally means "command" (tho teepically in a militar sense).<ref>Richardson, John (2011) "''Fines provinciae''", in ''Frontiers in the Roman World''. Brill. p. 10.</ref> Occasionally, successfu consuls wad gien the honourar teetle ''[[imperator]]'' (commander), an this is the oreegin o the wird ''emperor'' (an ''empire'') syne this teetle (amang ithers) wis ayeweys bestowed tae the early emperors upon thair accession.<ref>Richardson, John (2011) "''Fines provinciae''", in ''Frontiers in the Roman World''. Brill. pp. 1–2.</ref> Rome suffered a lang series o internal conflicts, conspeeracies an [[Roman ceevil wars|ceevil wars]] frae the late seicont century BC onwart, while greatly extendin its pouer ayont Italy. This wus the period o the [[Creesis o the Roman Republic]]. Taewart the end o this era, in 44 BC, [[Julius Caesar]] wis briefly perpetual [[Roman dictator|dictator]] afore bein [[Assassination o Julius Caesar|assassinatit]]. The faction o his assassins wis driven frae Roum an defeatit at the [[Battle o Philippi]] in 42 BC bi an airmy led bi [[Mark Antony]] an Caesar's adoptit son [[Augustus|Octavian]]. Antony an Octavian's diveesion o the Roman warld atween themsels did nae last an Octavian's forces defeatit thae o Antony an [[Cleopatra]] at the [[Battle o Actium]] in 31 BC. In 27 BC the [[Senate an Fowk o Roum]] made Octavian ''[[princeps]]'' ("first ceetizen") wi [[proconsul]]ar ''[[imperium]]'', sicweys beginnin the [[Principate]] (the first epoch o Roman imperial history, uisually datit frae 27 BC tae AD 284), an gae him the name "[[Augustus (honoureefic)|Augustus]]" ("the veneratit"). Tho the auld constitutional machinery remeened in place, Augustus cam tae predominate it. Awtho the republic stuid in name, contemporaries o Augustus knew it wis juist a veil an that Augustus haed aw meaninfu authority in Roum.<ref>Syme, Ronald (1939) ''The Roman Revolution''. Oford: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4.</ref> Syne his rule endit a century o ceevil wars an begoud an unprecedentit period o peace an prosperity, he wis sae luved that he cam tae hauld the pouer o a monarch ''[[de facto]]'' if nae ''[[de jure]]''. In the years o his rule, a new constitutional order emerged (in pairt organically an in pairt bi design), sae that, upon his daith, this new constitutional order operatit as afore whan [[Tiberius]] wis acceptit as the new emperor. The 200 year that begoud wi Augustus's rule is tradeetionally regairdit as the ''[[Pax Romana]]'' ("Roman Peace"). In this period, the cohesion o the empire wis fordered bi a degree o social stability an economic prosperity that Roum haed niver afore experienced. Uprisins in the provinces war infrequent, but pit doun "mercilessly an swiftly" whan thay occurred.<ref>Boatwright, Mary T. (2000) ''Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire''. Princeton University Press. p. 4.</ref> The saxty years o [[Jewish–Roman wars]] in the seicont hauf o the 1st century an the first hauf o the 2nt century war exceptional in thair duration an veeolence.<ref>[[#Potter2009|Potter (2009)]], p. 571.</ref> The success o Augustus in establishin principles o dynastic succession wis leemitit bi his ootleevin a nummer o talentit potential heirs. The [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] lastit for fower mair emperors—[[Tiberius]], [[Caligula]], [[Claudius]] an [[Nero]]—afore it yieldit in 69 AD tae the strife-torn [[Year o Fower Emperors]], frae which [[Vespasian]] emerged as veector. Vespasian becam the foonder o the brief [[Flavian dynasty]], tae be follaed bi the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]] that produced the "[[Five Good Emperors]]": [[Nerva]], [[Trajan]], [[Hadrian]], [[Antoninus Pius]] an the filosofically-inclined [[Marcus Aurelius]]. In the view o the Greek historian [[Dio Cassius]], a contemporary observer, the accession o the emperor [[Commodus]] in 180 AD merkit the strynd "frae a kinrick o gowd tae ane o roust an airn".<ref>Dio Cassius [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/72*.html#36 72.36.4], Loeb edeetion translatit E. Cary</ref> In 212, in the ring o [[Caracalla]], [[Roman ceetizenship]] wis grantit tae aw freeborn indwallers o the empire. But despite this gestur o universality, the [[Severan dynasty]] wis camsteirie—an emperor's ring wis endit routinely bi his murther or execution—an, follaein its collapse, the Roman Empire wis engulfed bi the [[Creesis o the Third Century]], a period o invasions, ceevil strife, economic disorder, an plague.<ref>Brown, P., The World of Late Antiquity, London 1971, p. 22.</ref> In definin [[periodisation|historical epochs]], this creesis is whiles viewed as merkin the transeetion frae [[Clessical Antiquity]] tae [[Late Antiquity]]. [[Aurelian]] (reigned 270–275) brocht the empire back frae the brink an stabilised it. [[Diocletian]] completit the wirk o fully restorin the empire, but declined the role o ''princeps'' an becam the first emperor tae be addressed regularly as ''domine'', "master" or "laird".<ref>Adrian Goldsworth, ''How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower'' (Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 405–415.</ref> This merked the end o the [[Principate]], an the beginnin o the [[Dominate]]. Diocletian dividit the empire intae fower regions, ilk ruled bi a separate emperor, the [[Tetrarchy]].<ref>Potter, David. The Roman Empire at Bay. 296–98.</ref> Confident that he fixed the disorders that war plaguin Roum, he abdicatit alang wi his co-emperor, an the Tetrarchy suin collapsed. Order wis eventually restored bi [[Constantine the Great]], that becam the first emperor tae convert tae [[Christianity]], an that established [[Constantinople]] as the new caipital o the eastren empire. In the decades o the [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinian]] an [[Valentinian dynasty|Valentinian dynasties]], the empire wis dividit alang an east–wast axis, wi dual pouer centres in Constantinople an Roum. The ring o [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]], that attemptit tae restore [[Releegion in auncient Roum|Clessical Roman]] an [[Hellenistic releegion]], anly briefly interruptit the succession o Christian emperors. [[Theodosius I]], the last emperor tae rule ower baith East an Wast, dee'd in 395 AD efter makkin Christianity the [[State kirk o the Roman Empire|offeecial releegion]] o the empire.<ref>Starr, Chester G. (1974) ''A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition.'' Oxford University Press. pp. 670–678.</ref> The [[Wastren Roman Empire]] begoud tae [[Faw o the Wastren Roman Empire|disintegrate]] in the early 5t century. The empire in the East—eften kent as the [[Byzantine Empire]], but referred tae in its time as the Roman Empire or bi various ither names—haed a different fate. It survived for awmaist a millennium efter the faw o its [[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren coonterpairt]] an becam the maist stable Christian [[realm]] in the Middle Ages. ==Society== The Roman Empire wis remerkably multicultural, wi "a rather astonishing cohesive capacity" tae creaut a sense o shared identity while encompassin diverse fowks within its poleetical seestem ower a lang span o time.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 12.</ref> The Roman attention tae creautin public monuments an communal spaces appen tae aw—sic as [[Forum (Roman)|forums]], [[Leet o Roman amphitheatres|amphitheatres]], [[circus (biggin)|racetracks]] an [[thermae|baths]]—helped foster a sense o "Romanness".<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 16.</ref> Roman society haed multiple, owerlappin social hierarchies that modren concepts o "cless" mey nae represent accurately.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 9.</ref> The twz decades o ceevil war frae that Augustus rose tae sole pouer left tradeetional society in Roum in a state o confuision an upheaval,<ref name=Garnsey>Garnsey, Peter and Saller, Richard (1987) ''The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture''. University of California Press. pp. 107–111.</ref> but did nae effect an immediate [[redistribution o walth]] an social pouer. Frae the perspective o the lawer clesses, a peak wis merely addit tae the social pyramid.<ref>Noreña, Carlos F. (2011) ''Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power''. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.</ref> Personal relationships—[[Patronage in auncient Roum|patronage]], friendship ''(amicitia)'', faimily, [[Mairiage in auncient Roum|mairiage]]—conteena'd tae influence the wirkins o politics an govrenment, as thay haed in the Republic.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 4–5.</ref> Bi the time o [[Nero]], houiver, it wis nae unusual tae find a umwhile sclave that wis richer nor a freeborn ceetizen, or an [[equestrian order|equestrian]] that exercised greater pouer nor a senator.<ref>[[#Winterling|Winterling]], pp. 11, 21.</ref> The blurrin or diffuision o the Republic's mair rigid hierarchies led tae increased [[social mobility]] unner the Empire,<ref>Saller, Richard P. (1982, 2002) ''Personal Patronage under the Early Empire''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123, 176, 183</ref><ref>Duncan, Anne (2006) ''Performance and Identity in the Classical World''. Cambridge University Press. p. 164.</ref> baith upwart an dounwart, tae an extent that exceedit that o aw ither weel-documentit auncient societies.<ref>Reinhold, Meyer (2002) ''Studies in Classical History and Society''. Oxford University Press. pp. 25ff. and 42.</ref> Weemen, freedmen, an sclaves haed opportunities tae profit an exercise influence in weys previously less available tae them.<ref>[[#Boardman|Boardman]], p. 18.</ref> Social life in the Empire, pairteecularly for thae that's personal resoorces war leemitit, wis forder fostered bi a proleeferation o [[associations in Auncient Roum|voluntar associations]] an [[confraternity|confraternities]] (''[[collegium|collegia]]'' an ''[[Sodales|sodalitates]]'') formed for various purposes: perfessional an tred guilds, veterans' groups, releegious sodalities, drinkin an dinin clubs,<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 17, 20.</ref> performing airts troupes,<ref>[[#Millar|Millar]], pp. 81–82</ref> an [[buirial society|buirial societies]].<ref>Carroll, Maureen (2006) ''Spirits of the Dead: Roman Funerary Commemoration in Western Europe''. Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46.</ref> ==Govrenment an militar== ===Central govrenment=== {{See also|Roman emperor}} The dominance o the emperor wis based on the consolidation o certaint pouers frae several republican offices, includin the inviolability o the [[Plebeian Tribune|tribunes o the fowk]] an the authority o the [[Roman Censors|censors]] tae manipulate the hierarchy o Roman society.<ref name="Abbott, 354">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 354</ref> The emperor an aw made himsel the central releegious authority as [[Pontifex Maximus]], an centralised the richt tae declare war, ratifee treaties, an negotiate wi furrin leaders.<ref name="Abbott, 345">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 345</ref> While thir functions war clearly defined in the [[Principate]], the emperor's pouers ower time becam less constitutional an mair monarchical, culminatin in the [[Dominate]].<ref name="Abbott, 341">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 341</ref> ===Militar=== [[File:Roman Empire 125.png|thumb|upright=1.35|The Roman empire unner [[Hadrian]] (ruled 117–138) shawin the location o the Roman legions deployed in AD 125]] The sodgers o the Imperial Roman airmy war perfaisionals that volunteered for 20 year o active duty an five as reserves. The transeetion tae a perfaisional militar haed began in the late Republic, an wis ane o the mony profoond shifts awey frae republicanism, unner that an airmy o [[conscripts]] haed exercised thair responsibilities as ceetizens in defendin the hameland in a campaign against a specific threit. For Imperial Rome, the militar wis a full-time career in itsel.<ref>[[#Edmondson|Edmondson]], pp. 111–112.</ref> The primar mission o the Roman militar o the early empire wis tae preserve the [[Pax Romana]].<ref>Hekster, Olivier J. (2007) "Fighting for Rome: The Emperor as a Military Leader," in ''Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC–AD 476)''. Brill. p. 96.</ref> The three major divisions o the military war: * the gairison at Roum, that includes baith the [[Praetorian Gaird|Praetorians]] an the ''[[vigiles]]'' that functioned as polis an firefechters; * the provincial airmy, comprisin the [[Roman legions]] an the auxiliaries providit bi the provinces ''([[auxilia]]''); * the [[Roman navy|navy]]. ==Daily life== In the ceety o Rome, maist fowk leeved in multistory flats ''([[insulae]])'' that war eften dirty an nae sauf. Public facilities—sic as baths ''([[thermae]])'', toilets that war flushed wi rinnin watter ''(latrinae)'', conveniently locatit basins or elaborate foontains ''([[nymphaeum|nymphea]])'' deliveringfresh watter,<ref name=brenda>Longfellow, Brenda (2011) ''Roman Imperialism and Civic Patronage: Form, Meaning and Ideology in Monumental Fountain Complexes''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. {{ISBN|0521194938}}</ref> an lairge-scale enterteenments siv as [[chariot races]] an [[gladiator|gladiator combat]]—war aimed primarily at the common fowk that leeved in the ''insulae''.<ref>Jones, Mark Wilson (2000) ''Principles of Roman Architecture.'' New Haven: Yale University Press.</ref> Seemilar facilities war constructit in ceeties ootthrou the Empire, an some o the best-preserved Roman structurs are in Spain, soothren Fraunce, an northren Africae. ===Fuid=== Maist flats in Roum lackit kitchens, tho a charcoal [[brazier]] coud be uised for rudimentary cuikery.<ref>[[#Stambaugh|Stambaugh]], pp. 144, 178</ref><ref>Hinds, Kathryn (2010) ''Everyday Life in the Roman Empire''. Marshall Cavendish. p. 90.</ref> Prepared fuid wis sauld at pubs an bars, inns, an fuid staws ''([[taberna]]e, cauponae, [[popina]]e, [[thermopolium|thermopolia]])''.<ref>[[#Holleran|Holleran]], p. 136ff.</ref> [[Cairyoot]] an restaurant dinin war for the lawer clesses; [[fine dinin]] coud be socht anly at preevat dinner pairties in a few hooses wi a [[chef]] ''(archimagirus)'' an trained kitchen staff,<ref>[[#Gagarin|Gagarin]], p. 299.</ref> or at banquets hostit bi social clubs ''([[collegium (auncient Roum)|collegia]])''.<ref>Faas, Patrick (1994, 2005) ''Around the Roman Table: Food and Feasting in Ancient Rome''. University of Chicago Press. p. 29.</ref> Maist fowk wad hae consumed at least 70% o thair daily [[calorie]]s in the form o cereals an [[legumes]].<ref name="Garnsey p. 681">[[#Boardman|Boardman]], p. 681.</ref> ''Puls'' ([[pottage]]) wis conseedert the aboreeginal fuid o the Romans.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''Natural History'' 19.83–84; Emily Gowers, ''The Loaded Table: Representation of Food in Roman Literature'' (Oxford University Press, 1993, 2003), p. 17</ref><ref>[[#Gagarin|Gagarin]], p. 198.</ref> The basic grain pottage coud be elaboratit wi chappit vegetables, bits o meat, cheese, or yerbs tae produce dishes seemilar tae [[polenta]] or [[risotto]].<ref>[[#Stambaugh|Stambaugh]], p. 144.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{reflist}} ===Soorces=== {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |ref=Abbott|author = Abbott, Frank Frost |year=1901 |title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions |publisher=Elibron Classics |isbn=0-543-92749-0 |authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * {{cite book|ref=Boardman|editor=Boardman, John |title=The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pPxAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=Vol. 11|isbn=0521263352}} * {{cite book|ref=Edmondson|author=Edmondson, J.C. |chapter=Dynamic Arenas: Gladiatorial Presentations in the City of Rome and the Construction of Roman Society during the Early Empire|title=Roman Theater and Society|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year= 1996}} * {{cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj69DAEACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517072-6|editor=Gagarin, Michael|ref=Gagarin}} * {{cite book|ref=Holleran|author=Holleran, Claire |title=Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oO7NwmbyxwAC|date=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-969821-9}} * {{cite book|last=Huzar|first=Eleanor Goltz|title=Mark Antony: a Biography|translator=|editor=|year=1978|orig-year=|location=Minneapolis|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|ISBN=0-8166-0863-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos8_zvVYDUC|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Kelly|author=Kelly, Christopher |title=The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900192803916|publisher=Oxford University Press|year= 2007|isbn=0192803913}} * {{cite journal|ref=Millar| doi=10.2307/300073 | jstor=300073 | title=Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status | journal=Journal of Roman Studies | volume=73 | pages=76 | year=2012 | last1=Millar | first1=Fergus }} * {{cite book|last=Mommsen|first=Theodore|title=The provinces of the Roman empire from Caesar to Diocletian|translator=William P. Dickson|editor=William P. Dickson|year=2005|orig-year=1909|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|publisher=University of Michigan Library|ISBN=|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/genpub/abq2762.0001.001/332?page=root;size=100;view=image|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Nicolet|author=Nicolet, Claude |title=Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7IQpCaCpQ1MC|year=1991|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-10096-3}} * {{cite book|ref=Peachin|editor=Peachin, Michael |title=The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDSI1V12ueIC|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-518800-4}} * {{cite book|ref=Potter2009|editor=Potter, David S. |title=A Companion to the Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4ZmqsyC5kEC|date=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-9918-6}} * {{cite book|ref=Stambaugh|author=Stambaugh, John E. |title=The Ancient Roman City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0mZufizhH0C|date=1988|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-3692-3}} * {{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Richard, D.|title=Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC|translator=|editor=|year=1990|orig-year=|location=Toronto|publisher=University of Toronto Press|ISBN=0-8020-2682-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDU5DwAAQBAJ|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Winterling|author=Winterling, Aloys |title=Politics and Society in Imperial Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_35eZH6_vT8C|date=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-7969-0}} {{refend}} {{Commonscat|Roman Empire}} [[Category:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] [[Category:Auncient Italian history]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras on the Italian Peninsula]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras in Asie]] [[Category:States o Auncient Africae]] [[Category:Superpouers]] [[Category:20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire|*]] [[Category:27 BC establishments]] [[Category:1st-century BC establishments in Italy]] [[Category:States an territories established in the 1st century BC]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in the 5t century]] [[Category:476 disestablishments in the Roman Empire|*]] [[Category:470s disestablishments in Europe]] [[Category:5t-century disestablishments in Italy]] [[Category:1453 disestablishments in Europe]] sscqhl2wq19fzaupixopxtcgo4tgncw 925741 925740 2026-11-04T23:57:00Z CiphriusKane 74958 Revertit edit o ~2026-58762-94, chynged back tae last version bi CiphriusKane 925380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = Roman Empire | common_name = Roman Empire | native_name = {{unbulleted list |item3_style=font-size:80%;padding-top:0.15em;line-height:1.15em | {{native phrase|la|Imperium Romanum}} | '''''{{lang|la|Senatus Populusque Romanus}}''''' ([[SPQR]])<br />{{smaller|{{nobold|Roman [[Senate o the Roman Republic|Senate]] an Fowk}}<ref group="n">Ither weys o referrin tae the "Roman Empire" amang the Romans an Greeks themselves includit ''{{lang|la|Res publica Romana}}'' or ''{{lang|la|Imperium Romanorum}}'' (an aa in Greek: {{lang|grc|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} – {{grc-tr|Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων}} – ["Dominion (Leeterally 'kinrick' but an aa interpretit as 'empire') o the Romans"]) an ''Romania''. ''{{lang|la|Res publica}}'' means Roman "commonweel" <!--?: Usually,--> an can refer to baith the Republican an the Imperial eras. ''{{lang|la|Imperium Romanum}}'' (or ''{{lang|la|Romanorum}}'') refers tae the territorial extent o Roman authority. ''{{lang|la|Populus Romanus}}'' ("the Roman fowk") wis/is eften uised [[Metonym|tae indicate the Roman state]] in matters involvin ither naitions. The term ''Romania'', ineetially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as a [[Collective noon|collective name]] for its indwallers, appears in Greek an Laitin soorces frae the 4t century onwart an wis eventually carried ower tae the [[Eastren Roman Empire]] (see R. L. Wolff, "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople" in ''Speculum'' 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 an especially pp. 2–3).</ref>}} | {{native phrase|grc|Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|grc|''Basileía Rhōmaíōn''}}}} }} | continent=Eurasie |region=[[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]] |status=Empire | life_span = {{line-height|1.3em|{{nowrap|27  BC  – 395  AD}}<br />{{nowrap|395 – 480 {{small|{{nobold|([[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren]])}}}}}}<br />{{nowrap|395}} – 1453 {{small|{{nobold|([[Eastren Roman Empire|Eastren]])}}}}}} | p1=Roman Republic |image_p1=[[File:Consul et lictores.png|30px|link=Roman Republic]] | s1=Wastren Roman Empire |image_s1=[[File:Julius Nepos Tremissis.jpg|30px|link=Wastren Roman Empire]] | s2=Eastren Roman Empire |image_s2=[[File:Constantine multiple CdM Beistegui 233.jpg|30px|link=Byzantine Empire]] | image_coat=Augustus Aureus infobox version.png | symbol_type = ''[[Aureus]]'' o [[Augustus]] | image_flag = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg | flag_border = no | flag_size = 100px | flag_type = [[Vexilloid]] | image_map = Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png | image_map_caption = The Roman Empire in 117 AD, at its greatest extent at the time o [[Trajan]]'s daith (its [[vassal]]s in pink).<ref>{{cite book|author=Bennett, Julian |title=Trajan: Optimus Princeps : a Life and Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qk_tofvS8EsC|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-16524-2}}. Fig. 1. Regions east o the [[Euphrates]] river war held anerly in the years 116–117.</ref> | capital = [[Roum]] (27 BC – AD 410)<br> [[Mediolanum]] (286–402, [[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren]])<br> [[Augusta Treverorum]] <br> [[Sirmium]] <br> [[Ravenna]] (402–476, Wastren)<br> [[Nicomedia]] (286–330, [[Eastren Roman Empire|Eastren]])<br> [[Constantinople]] (330–1453, Eastren)<br> [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] (663–669, Eastren) | common_languages = {{plainlist}} * [[Laitin]] <small>(offeecial till 610)</small> * [[Greek leid|Greek]] <small>(offeecial efter 610)</small> * [[Leids o the Roman Empire|Regional{{\}}local leids]] | religion = {{unbulleted list | {{longitem|{{small|Afore AD 380''':'''}} [[Imperial cult (auncient Roum)|Imperial cult]]-driven [[Releegion in auncient Rome|polytheism]]}} | {{small|Frae AD 380''':'''}} [[State kirk o the Roman Empire|Christianity]] }} | government_type = [[Mixed govrenment|Mixed]], functionally [[absolute monarchy]] | title_leader = [[Roman emperor#Titles an poseetions|Emperor]] | year_leader1 = {{nowrap|27  BC  – AD 14}} |leader1 = [[Augustus]] {{smaller|(first)}} | year_leader2 = 98–117 |leader2 = [[Trajan]] | year_leader3 = 284–305 |leader3 = [[Diocletian]] | year_leader4 = 306–337 |leader4 = [[Constantine I]] | year_leader5 = 379–395 |leader5 = [[Theodosius I]]<ref group="n">The final emperor tae rule ower aw o the Roman Empire's territories afore its conversion tae a diarchy.</ref> | year_leader6 = 474–480 |leader6 = [[Julius Nepos]]<ref group="n">Offeecially the final emperor o the Wastren empire.</ref> | year_leader7 = 527–565 |leader7 = [[Justinian I]] | year_leader8 = 976–1025 |leader8 = [[Basil II]] | year_leader9 = 1449–1453 |leader9 = [[Constantine XI Palaiologos|Constantine XI]]<ref group="n">Last emperor o the Eastren (Byzantine) empire.</ref> | legislature = [[Senate o the Roman Empire|Senate]] | era = [[Clessical era]] tae [[Late Middle Ages]] | date_pre = 32–30 BC |event_pre = [[Final War o the Roman Republic|Final War o the<br />Roman Republic]] | year_start = 30–2 BC |event_start = [[Constitutional reforms o Augustus|Empire established]] | date_event1 = 330 |event1 = [[Constantinople#306–337|Constantinople]]<br />becomes capital | date_event2 = 395 |event2 = {{nowrap|[[Wastren Roman Empire#Final diveesion|Final]] [[Greek East an Laitin Wast|East Wast]] divide}} | date_event3 = 476 |event3 = [[Faw o the Wastren Roman Empire]] | date_event4 = 1202–1204 |event4 = [[Fowert Crusade]] |date_event5 = 1261 |event5 = Reconquest o Constantinople | year_end = 1453 |date_end=29 May |event_end=[[Faw o Constantinople]] | stat_year1 = 25 BC<ref name="size">{{cite journal |journal=Social Science History |title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D |first=Rein |last=Taagepera |volume=3 |issue=3/4 |year=1979 |page=125|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|publisher=Duke University Press |authorlink=Rein Taagepera}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.2307/1971891 | jstor=1971891 | title=Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_population-and-development-review_1977-09_3_3/page/253 | journal=Population and Development Review | volume=3 | issue=3 | pages=253 | year=1977 | last1=Durand | first1=John D. }}</ref> |stat_area1 = 2750000 |stat_pop1 = 56800000 | stat_year2 = AD 117<ref name="size"/><ref name="cliodynamics.info">{{cite journal|last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D|title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires|journal=Journal of world-systems research|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|page=222|url=http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf|accessdate=6 February 2016|issn=1076-156X|archive-date=2016-05-17|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517210851/http://peterturchin.com/PDF/Turchin_Adams_Hall_2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|stat_area2 = 5000000 |stat_pop2 = | stat_year3 = AD 390<ref name="size"/> |stat_area3 = 4400000 |stat_pop3 = | currency = [[Sestertius]],<ref group="n">Abbreviatit "HS". Prices an values are uisually expressed in sesterces.</ref> [[Aureus]], [[Solidus (cunyie)|Solidus]], [[Solidus (cunyie)|Nomisma]] }} The '''Roman Empire''' (or '''Impire''') wis a gey muckle [[empire]] wi its caipital in [[Roum]], ringed ower bi an [[emperor]]. The first [[emperor]] o Rome wis [[Augustus|Octavian]], efter cried Augustus, frae the year [[27 BC]]. Afore that, Rome haed been a [[republic]] ringed ower bi a cooncil cried the "[[Roman Senate|Senate]]". The Roman Empire wis maist muckle whan ringed ower bi [[Trajan]] ben the year 117. Efter him, [[Hadrian]] shapit it less muckle, an shapit [[Hadrian's waw]] ben the nor o Ingland. Mony modren kintras are on land that wis aince pairt o the Roman Empire, includin [[Ingland]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Fraunce]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Turkey]], [[Germany]], [[Egyp]], an the north coast o [[Africae]]. The leid o the Roman Empire wis [[Laitin]]. The wastren pairt o the Roman Empire conteena'd for nearhaund 1000 year, an the eastren pairt, includin [[Greece]] an [[Turkey]], conteena'd for aboot a thoosand year mair. The eastren pairt wis cried the [[Byzantine Empire]] - fer the auld name o the kintra - wi a caipital at [[Constantinople]]. ==History== [[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Augustus o Prima Porta]]''<br />(early 1st century AD)]] Roum haed began expandin shortly efter the foondin o the republic in the 6t century BC, tho it did nae expand ootside the [[Italian Peninsula]] till the 3rd century BC. Then, it wis an "empire" lang afore it haed an emperor.<ref>[[#Kelly|Kelly]], pp. 4ff.</ref><ref name=n1>[[#Nicolet|Nicolet]], pp. 1, 15</ref><ref>Brennan, T. Corey (2000) ''The Praetorship in the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press. p. 605.</ref><ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 39–40.</ref> The Roman Republic wis nae a naition-state in the modren sense, but a network o touns left tae rule themsels (tho wi varyin degrees o unthirldom frae the [[Roman Senate]]) an provinces admeenistert bi militar commanders. It wis ruled, nae bi emperors, but bi annually electit [[Roman magistrate|magistrates]] ([[Roman Consul]]s abuin aw) in conjunction wi the senate.<ref name="Ando p. 179">[[#Potter2009|Potter (2009)]], p. 179.</ref> For various raisons, the 1st century BC wis a time o poleetical an militar upheaval, that ultimately led tae rule bi emperors.<ref name=n1/><ref name=Hekster>Hekster, Olivier and Kaizer, Ted (2011). Preface to ''Frontiers in the Roman World. Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durhan, 16–19 April 2009)''. Brill. p. viii.</ref><ref>[[Andrew Lintott|Lintott, Andrew]] (1999) ''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''. Oxford University Press. p. 114</ref><ref>Eder, W. (1993) "The Augustan Principate as Binding Link," in ''Between Republic and Empire''. University of California Press. p. 98. {{ISBN|0520084470}}.</ref> The consuls' militar pouer restit in the Roman legal concept o ''[[imperium]]'', that leeterally means "command" (tho teepically in a militar sense).<ref>Richardson, John (2011) "''Fines provinciae''", in ''Frontiers in the Roman World''. Brill. p. 10.</ref> Occasionally, successfu consuls wad gien the honourar teetle ''[[imperator]]'' (commander), an this is the oreegin o the wird ''emperor'' (an ''empire'') syne this teetle (amang ithers) wis ayeweys bestowed tae the early emperors upon thair accession.<ref>Richardson, John (2011) "''Fines provinciae''", in ''Frontiers in the Roman World''. Brill. pp. 1–2.</ref> Rome suffered a lang series o internal conflicts, conspeeracies an [[Roman ceevil wars|ceevil wars]] frae the late seicont century BC onwart, while greatly extendin its pouer ayont Italy. This wus the period o the [[Creesis o the Roman Republic]]. Taewart the end o this era, in 44 BC, [[Julius Caesar]] wis briefly perpetual [[Roman dictator|dictator]] afore bein [[Assassination o Julius Caesar|assassinatit]]. The faction o his assassins wis driven frae Roum an defeatit at the [[Battle o Philippi]] in 42 BC bi an airmy led bi [[Mark Antony]] an Caesar's adoptit son [[Augustus|Octavian]]. Antony an Octavian's diveesion o the Roman warld atween themsels did nae last an Octavian's forces defeatit thae o Antony an [[Cleopatra]] at the [[Battle o Actium]] in 31 BC. In 27 BC the [[Senate an Fowk o Roum]] made Octavian ''[[princeps]]'' ("first ceetizen") wi [[proconsul]]ar ''[[imperium]]'', sicweys beginnin the [[Principate]] (the first epoch o Roman imperial history, uisually datit frae 27 BC tae AD 284), an gae him the name "[[Augustus (honoureefic)|Augustus]]" ("the veneratit"). Tho the auld constitutional machinery remeened in place, Augustus cam tae predominate it. Awtho the republic stuid in name, contemporaries o Augustus knew it wis juist a veil an that Augustus haed aw meaninfu authority in Roum.<ref>Syme, Ronald (1939) ''The Roman Revolution''. Oford: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–4.</ref> Syne his rule endit a century o ceevil wars an begoud an unprecedentit period o peace an prosperity, he wis sae luved that he cam tae hauld the pouer o a monarch ''[[de facto]]'' if nae ''[[de jure]]''. In the years o his rule, a new constitutional order emerged (in pairt organically an in pairt bi design), sae that, upon his daith, this new constitutional order operatit as afore whan [[Tiberius]] wis acceptit as the new emperor. The 200 year that begoud wi Augustus's rule is tradeetionally regairdit as the ''[[Pax Romana]]'' ("Roman Peace"). In this period, the cohesion o the empire wis fordered bi a degree o social stability an economic prosperity that Roum haed niver afore experienced. Uprisins in the provinces war infrequent, but pit doun "mercilessly an swiftly" whan thay occurred.<ref>Boatwright, Mary T. (2000) ''Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire''. Princeton University Press. p. 4.</ref> The saxty years o [[Jewish–Roman wars]] in the seicont hauf o the 1st century an the first hauf o the 2nt century war exceptional in thair duration an veeolence.<ref>[[#Potter2009|Potter (2009)]], p. 571.</ref> The success o Augustus in establishin principles o dynastic succession wis leemitit bi his ootleevin a nummer o talentit potential heirs. The [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]] lastit for fower mair emperors—[[Tiberius]], [[Caligula]], [[Claudius]] an [[Nero]]—afore it yieldit in 69 AD tae the strife-torn [[Year o Fower Emperors]], frae which [[Vespasian]] emerged as veector. Vespasian becam the foonder o the brief [[Flavian dynasty]], tae be follaed bi the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty]] that produced the "[[Five Good Emperors]]": [[Nerva]], [[Trajan]], [[Hadrian]], [[Antoninus Pius]] an the filosofically-inclined [[Marcus Aurelius]]. In the view o the Greek historian [[Dio Cassius]], a contemporary observer, the accession o the emperor [[Commodus]] in 180 AD merkit the strynd "frae a kinrick o gowd tae ane o roust an airn".<ref>Dio Cassius [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/72*.html#36 72.36.4], Loeb edeetion translatit E. Cary</ref> In 212, in the ring o [[Caracalla]], [[Roman ceetizenship]] wis grantit tae aw freeborn indwallers o the empire. But despite this gestur o universality, the [[Severan dynasty]] wis camsteirie—an emperor's ring wis endit routinely bi his murther or execution—an, follaein its collapse, the Roman Empire wis engulfed bi the [[Creesis o the Third Century]], a period o invasions, ceevil strife, economic disorder, an plague.<ref>Brown, P., The World of Late Antiquity, London 1971, p. 22.</ref> In definin [[periodisation|historical epochs]], this creesis is whiles viewed as merkin the transeetion frae [[Clessical Antiquity]] tae [[Late Antiquity]]. [[Aurelian]] (reigned 270–275) brocht the empire back frae the brink an stabilised it. [[Diocletian]] completit the wirk o fully restorin the empire, but declined the role o ''princeps'' an becam the first emperor tae be addressed regularly as ''domine'', "master" or "laird".<ref>Adrian Goldsworth, ''How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower'' (Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 405–415.</ref> This merked the end o the [[Principate]], an the beginnin o the [[Dominate]]. Diocletian dividit the empire intae fower regions, ilk ruled bi a separate emperor, the [[Tetrarchy]].<ref>Potter, David. The Roman Empire at Bay. 296–98.</ref> Confident that he fixed the disorders that war plaguin Roum, he abdicatit alang wi his co-emperor, an the Tetrarchy suin collapsed. Order wis eventually restored bi [[Constantine the Great]], that becam the first emperor tae convert tae [[Christianity]], an that established [[Constantinople]] as the new caipital o the eastren empire. In the decades o the [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinian]] an [[Valentinian dynasty|Valentinian dynasties]], the empire wis dividit alang an east–wast axis, wi dual pouer centres in Constantinople an Roum. The ring o [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]], that attemptit tae restore [[Releegion in auncient Roum|Clessical Roman]] an [[Hellenistic releegion]], anly briefly interruptit the succession o Christian emperors. [[Theodosius I]], the last emperor tae rule ower baith East an Wast, dee'd in 395 AD efter makkin Christianity the [[State kirk o the Roman Empire|offeecial releegion]] o the empire.<ref>Starr, Chester G. (1974) ''A History of the Ancient World, Second Edition.'' Oxford University Press. pp. 670–678.</ref> The [[Wastren Roman Empire]] begoud tae [[Faw o the Wastren Roman Empire|disintegrate]] in the early 5t century. The empire in the East—eften kent as the [[Byzantine Empire]], but referred tae in its time as the Roman Empire or bi various ither names—haed a different fate. It survived for awmaist a millennium efter the faw o its [[Wastren Roman Empire|Wastren coonterpairt]] an becam the maist stable Christian [[realm]] in the Middle Ages. ==Society== The Roman Empire wis remerkably multicultural, wi "a rather astonishing cohesive capacity" tae creaut a sense o shared identity while encompassin diverse fowks within its poleetical seestem ower a lang span o time.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 12.</ref> The Roman attention tae creautin public monuments an communal spaces appen tae aw—sic as [[Forum (Roman)|forums]], [[Leet o Roman amphitheatres|amphitheatres]], [[circus (biggin)|racetracks]] an [[thermae|baths]]—helped foster a sense o "Romanness".<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 16.</ref> Roman society haed multiple, owerlappin social hierarchies that modren concepts o "cless" mey nae represent accurately.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], p. 9.</ref> The twz decades o ceevil war frae that Augustus rose tae sole pouer left tradeetional society in Roum in a state o confuision an upheaval,<ref name=Garnsey>Garnsey, Peter and Saller, Richard (1987) ''The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture''. University of California Press. pp. 107–111.</ref> but did nae effect an immediate [[redistribution o walth]] an social pouer. Frae the perspective o the lawer clesses, a peak wis merely addit tae the social pyramid.<ref>Noreña, Carlos F. (2011) ''Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power''. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.</ref> Personal relationships—[[Patronage in auncient Roum|patronage]], friendship ''(amicitia)'', faimily, [[Mairiage in auncient Roum|mairiage]]—conteena'd tae influence the wirkins o politics an govrenment, as thay haed in the Republic.<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 4–5.</ref> Bi the time o [[Nero]], houiver, it wis nae unusual tae find a umwhile sclave that wis richer nor a freeborn ceetizen, or an [[equestrian order|equestrian]] that exercised greater pouer nor a senator.<ref>[[#Winterling|Winterling]], pp. 11, 21.</ref> The blurrin or diffuision o the Republic's mair rigid hierarchies led tae increased [[social mobility]] unner the Empire,<ref>Saller, Richard P. (1982, 2002) ''Personal Patronage under the Early Empire''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123, 176, 183</ref><ref>Duncan, Anne (2006) ''Performance and Identity in the Classical World''. Cambridge University Press. p. 164.</ref> baith upwart an dounwart, tae an extent that exceedit that o aw ither weel-documentit auncient societies.<ref>Reinhold, Meyer (2002) ''Studies in Classical History and Society''. Oxford University Press. pp. 25ff. and 42.</ref> Weemen, freedmen, an sclaves haed opportunities tae profit an exercise influence in weys previously less available tae them.<ref>[[#Boardman|Boardman]], p. 18.</ref> Social life in the Empire, pairteecularly for thae that's personal resoorces war leemitit, wis forder fostered bi a proleeferation o [[associations in Auncient Roum|voluntar associations]] an [[confraternity|confraternities]] (''[[collegium|collegia]]'' an ''[[Sodales|sodalitates]]'') formed for various purposes: perfessional an tred guilds, veterans' groups, releegious sodalities, drinkin an dinin clubs,<ref>[[#Peachin|Peachin]], pp. 17, 20.</ref> performing airts troupes,<ref>[[#Millar|Millar]], pp. 81–82</ref> an [[buirial society|buirial societies]].<ref>Carroll, Maureen (2006) ''Spirits of the Dead: Roman Funerary Commemoration in Western Europe''. Oxford University Press. pp. 45–46.</ref> ==Govrenment an militar== ===Central govrenment=== {{See also|Roman emperor}} The dominance o the emperor wis based on the consolidation o certaint pouers frae several republican offices, includin the inviolability o the [[Plebeian Tribune|tribunes o the fowk]] an the authority o the [[Roman Censors|censors]] tae manipulate the hierarchy o Roman society.<ref name="Abbott, 354">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 354</ref> The emperor an aw made himsel the central releegious authority as [[Pontifex Maximus]], an centralised the richt tae declare war, ratifee treaties, an negotiate wi furrin leaders.<ref name="Abbott, 345">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 345</ref> While thir functions war clearly defined in the [[Principate]], the emperor's pouers ower time becam less constitutional an mair monarchical, culminatin in the [[Dominate]].<ref name="Abbott, 341">[[#Abbott|Abbott]], p. 341</ref> ===Militar=== [[File:Roman Empire 125.png|thumb|upright=1.35|The Roman empire unner [[Hadrian]] (ruled 117–138) shawin the location o the Roman legions deployed in AD 125]] The sodgers o the Imperial Roman airmy war perfaisionals that volunteered for 20 year o active duty an five as reserves. The transeetion tae a perfaisional militar haed began in the late Republic, an wis ane o the mony profoond shifts awey frae republicanism, unner that an airmy o [[conscripts]] haed exercised thair responsibilities as ceetizens in defendin the hameland in a campaign against a specific threit. For Imperial Rome, the militar wis a full-time career in itsel.<ref>[[#Edmondson|Edmondson]], pp. 111–112.</ref> The primar mission o the Roman militar o the early empire wis tae preserve the [[Pax Romana]].<ref>Hekster, Olivier J. (2007) "Fighting for Rome: The Emperor as a Military Leader," in ''Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC–AD 476)''. Brill. p. 96.</ref> The three major divisions o the military war: * the gairison at Roum, that includes baith the [[Praetorian Gaird|Praetorians]] an the ''[[vigiles]]'' that functioned as polis an firefechters; * the provincial airmy, comprisin the [[Roman legions]] an the auxiliaries providit bi the provinces ''([[auxilia]]''); * the [[Roman navy|navy]]. ==Daily life== In the ceety o Rome, maist fowk leeved in multistory flats ''([[insulae]])'' that war eften dirty an nae sauf. Public facilities—sic as baths ''([[thermae]])'', toilets that war flushed wi rinnin watter ''(latrinae)'', conveniently locatit basins or elaborate foontains ''([[nymphaeum|nymphea]])'' deliveringfresh watter,<ref name=brenda>Longfellow, Brenda (2011) ''Roman Imperialism and Civic Patronage: Form, Meaning and Ideology in Monumental Fountain Complexes''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. {{ISBN|0521194938}}</ref> an lairge-scale enterteenments siv as [[chariot races]] an [[gladiator|gladiator combat]]—war aimed primarily at the common fowk that leeved in the ''insulae''.<ref>Jones, Mark Wilson (2000) ''Principles of Roman Architecture.'' New Haven: Yale University Press.</ref> Seemilar facilities war constructit in ceeties ootthrou the Empire, an some o the best-preserved Roman structurs are in Spain, soothren Fraunce, an northren Africae. ===Fuid=== Maist flats in Roum lackit kitchens, tho a charcoal [[brazier]] coud be uised for rudimentary cuikery.<ref>[[#Stambaugh|Stambaugh]], pp. 144, 178</ref><ref>Hinds, Kathryn (2010) ''Everyday Life in the Roman Empire''. Marshall Cavendish. p. 90.</ref> Prepared fuid wis sauld at pubs an bars, inns, an fuid staws ''([[taberna]]e, cauponae, [[popina]]e, [[thermopolium|thermopolia]])''.<ref>[[#Holleran|Holleran]], p. 136ff.</ref> [[Cairyoot]] an restaurant dinin war for the lawer clesses; [[fine dinin]] coud be socht anly at preevat dinner pairties in a few hooses wi a [[chef]] ''(archimagirus)'' an trained kitchen staff,<ref>[[#Gagarin|Gagarin]], p. 299.</ref> or at banquets hostit bi social clubs ''([[collegium (auncient Roum)|collegia]])''.<ref>Faas, Patrick (1994, 2005) ''Around the Roman Table: Food and Feasting in Ancient Rome''. University of Chicago Press. p. 29.</ref> Maist fowk wad hae consumed at least 70% o thair daily [[calorie]]s in the form o cereals an [[legumes]].<ref name="Garnsey p. 681">[[#Boardman|Boardman]], p. 681.</ref> ''Puls'' ([[pottage]]) wis conseedert the aboreeginal fuid o the Romans.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''Natural History'' 19.83–84; Emily Gowers, ''The Loaded Table: Representation of Food in Roman Literature'' (Oxford University Press, 1993, 2003), p. 17</ref><ref>[[#Gagarin|Gagarin]], p. 198.</ref> The basic grain pottage coud be elaboratit wi chappit vegetables, bits o meat, cheese, or yerbs tae produce dishes seemilar tae [[polenta]] or [[risotto]].<ref>[[#Stambaugh|Stambaugh]], p. 144.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=n}} ==References== {{reflist}} ===Soorces=== {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book |ref=Abbott|author = Abbott, Frank Frost |year=1901 |title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions |publisher=Elibron Classics |isbn=0-543-92749-0 |authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * {{cite book|ref=Boardman|editor=Boardman, John |title=The Cambridge Ancient History: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pPxAAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=Vol. 11|isbn=0521263352}} * {{cite book|ref=Edmondson|author=Edmondson, J.C. |chapter=Dynamic Arenas: Gladiatorial Presentations in the City of Rome and the Construction of Roman Society during the Early Empire|title=Roman Theater and Society|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year= 1996}} * {{cite book|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj69DAEACAAJ|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517072-6|editor=Gagarin, Michael|ref=Gagarin}} * {{cite book|ref=Holleran|author=Holleran, Claire |title=Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oO7NwmbyxwAC|date=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-969821-9}} * {{cite book|last=Huzar|first=Eleanor Goltz|title=Mark Antony: a Biography|translator=|editor=|year=1978|orig-year=|location=Minneapolis|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|ISBN=0-8166-0863-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos8_zvVYDUC|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Kelly|author=Kelly, Christopher |title=The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900192803916|publisher=Oxford University Press|year= 2007|isbn=0192803913}} * {{cite journal|ref=Millar| doi=10.2307/300073 | jstor=300073 | title=Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status | journal=Journal of Roman Studies | volume=73 | pages=76 | year=2012 | last1=Millar | first1=Fergus }} * {{cite book|last=Mommsen|first=Theodore|title=The provinces of the Roman empire from Caesar to Diocletian|translator=William P. Dickson|editor=William P. Dickson|year=2005|orig-year=1909|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|publisher=University of Michigan Library|ISBN=|url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/genpub/abq2762.0001.001/332?page=root;size=100;view=image|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Nicolet|author=Nicolet, Claude |title=Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7IQpCaCpQ1MC|year=1991|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-10096-3}} * {{cite book|ref=Peachin|editor=Peachin, Michael |title=The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDSI1V12ueIC|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-518800-4}} * {{cite book|ref=Potter2009|editor=Potter, David S. |title=A Companion to the Roman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4ZmqsyC5kEC|date=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-9918-6}} * {{cite book|ref=Stambaugh|author=Stambaugh, John E. |title=The Ancient Roman City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0mZufizhH0C|date=1988|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-3692-3}} * {{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Richard, D.|title=Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC|translator=|editor=|year=1990|orig-year=|location=Toronto|publisher=University of Toronto Press|ISBN=0-8020-2682-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDU5DwAAQBAJ|postscript=.}} * {{cite book|ref=Winterling|author=Winterling, Aloys |title=Politics and Society in Imperial Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_35eZH6_vT8C|date=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-7969-0}} {{refend}} {{Commonscat|Roman Empire}} [[Category:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] [[Category:Auncient Italian history]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras on the Italian Peninsula]] [[Category:Umwhile kintras in Asie]] [[Category:States o Auncient Africae]] [[Category:Superpouers]] [[Category:20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire|*]] [[Category:27 BC establishments]] [[Category:1st-century BC establishments in Italy]] [[Category:States an territories established in the 1st century BC]] [[Category:States an territories disestablished in the 5t century]] [[Category:476 disestablishments in the Roman Empire|*]] [[Category:470s disestablishments in Europe]] [[Category:5t-century disestablishments in Italy]] [[Category:1453 disestablishments in Europe]] jnicmcj9purceeff4mlmvlwtmvonzfm 0 38970 925732 908583 2026-11-04T21:23:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | name = Sean Connery | honorific_suffix = | image = Sean Connery 1999 crop.jpg | caption = Connery in 1999 | birth_name = Thomas Sean Connery | birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|8|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Fountainbridge]], [[Edinburgh]], Scotland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|10|31|1930|8|25|df=y}} | death_place = [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], The Bahamas | net_worth = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1954–2012 | works = [[Sean Connery filmography|Full list]] | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Diane Cilento]]|1962|1973|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Micheline Roquebrune|1975}}}} | children = [[Jason Connery]] | relatives = [[Neil Connery]] (brother) | website = {{Official URL}} | signature = Signature of Sean Connery.svg | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = {{navy|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears = 1946–1949 | rank = [[Able seaman (rank)|Able Seaman]] | servicenumber = | unit = {{HMS|Formidable|67|6}} }} }} '''Sir Thomas Sean Connery''' (25 August 1930 - 31 October 2020)<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood hunks and heroes|url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodhunkshe0000cohe|last1=Cohen|first1=Susan|last2=Cohen|first2=Daniel|isbn=0-671-07528-4|oclc=12644589|location=New York City, New York|year=1985|publisher=Exeter Books|page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodhunkshe0000cohe/page/33 33]|language=Inglis}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Sean Connery: James Bond actor dies aged 90 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54761824 |accessdate=31 October 2020 |agency=BBC}}</ref> wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots]] actor. He wis weel-kent as bein the furst body tae play fictional British secret agent James Bond, kythin in seivin films atween 1962 an 1983.<ref name="NYT-20201031">{{cite news |last=Harmetz |first=Aljean |title=Sean Connery, Who Embodied James Bond and More, Dies at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/31/movies/sean-connery-dead.html |date=31 October 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=31 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="WP-20201031">{{cite news |last=Shapiro |first=T. Rees |title=Sean Connery, first James Bond of film, dies at 90 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/sean-connery-first-james-bond-of-film-dies-at-90/2020/10/31/6cbff0a6-1b75-11eb-82db-60b15c874105_story.html |date=31 October 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=31 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4799550.stm |title=Profile: Sean Connery|work=BBC News|accessdate=19 March 2007|date=12 March 2006}}</ref> In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in ''[[The Untouchables (film)|The Untouchables]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1987-O.html|title=popculture.com's Oscar Winners Archive|publisher=popculturemadness.com|accessdate=13 May 2008|language=Inglis|archive-date=2011-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301054111/http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1987-O.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> His film career awso includes sic films as ''[[Marnie (film)|Marnie]]'', ''[[The Name of the Rose (film)|The Name of the Rose]]'', ''[[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)|The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'', ''[[Highlander (film)|Highlander]]'', ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'', ''[[Dragonheart]]'', [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]] movie remake and ''[[The Rock (film)|The Rock]]''. He wis [[Knight Bachelor|knichtit]] in Julie 2000.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=55710|startpage=1|endpage=|supp=y|date=31 December 1999 |accessdate=18 May 2010|language=Inglis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seanconnery.com/biography/knighthood|title=Official website's entry on 2000 knighthood|publisher=seanconnery.com|accessdate=29 September 2007|language=Inglis}}</ref> Connery haes been polled as "The Greatest Living Scot"<ref name="Flockhart">{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10001248.html |title=Would The Greatest Living Scot Please Stand Up?; Here they are |date=25 January 2004 |accessdate=10 March 2010 |first=Susan |last=Flockhart |work=The Sunday Herald |language=Inglis |archive-date=2016-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911105554/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10001248.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> an "Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sir Sean Connery named Scotland's greatest living treasure|url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/282154-sir-sean-connery-named-scotlands-greatest-living-treasure/|date=25 November 2011|accessdate=6 August 2012|language=Inglis|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092622/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/282154-sir-sean-connery-named-scotlands-greatest-living-treasure/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[1989]], he wis proclaimed "Sexiest Man Alive" bi ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine an in [[1999]], at age 69, he wis votit "Sexiest Man of the Century". He's wis a supporter ay' [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers F.C]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Christie|first=Kevan|last2=Speirs|first2=Kathleen|date=2020-10-31|title=Sir Sean Connery ditched Celtic for Rangers - and here's the reason why|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/sir-sean-connery-ditched-celtic-22936203|access-date=2022-05-12|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> ==Daith== Connery deet on 31 October 2020 in Nassau in the Bahamas.<ref name="BBC" /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== *{{IMDb name|0000125}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Connery, Sean}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2020 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Actors awairdit Breetish knichtheids]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:BAFTA fellaes]] [[Category:Best Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Awaird Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Commandeurs o the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] [[Category:European Film Awairds winners (fowk)]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honourees]] [[Category:Knichts Bachelor]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Male actors frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots film producers]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Scots naitionalists]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Erse strynd]] {{Stub/Embra}} {{Stub/Actor}} i70ygmal5m192xjq13r5yv4mrliz1aq 925733 925732 2026-11-04T21:24:57Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox bodie | honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] | name = Sean Connery | image = Sean Connery 1999 crop.jpg | caption = Connery in 1999 | birth_name = Thomas Sean Connery | birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|8|25|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Fountainbridge]], [[Edinburgh]], Scotland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|10|31|1930|8|25|df=y}} | death_place = [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], The Bahamas | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1954–2012 | works = [[Sean Connery filmography|Full list]] | spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Diane Cilento]]|1962|1973|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Micheline Roquebrune|1975}}}} | children = [[Jason Connery]] | relatives = [[Neil Connery]] (brother) | website = {{Official URL}} | signature = Signature of Sean Connery.svg | module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = {{navy|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears = 1946–1949 | rank = [[Able seaman (rank)|Able Seaman]] | unit = {{HMS|Formidable|67|6}} }} }} '''Sir Thomas Sean Connery''' (25 August 1930 - 31 October 2020)<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood hunks and heroes|url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodhunkshe0000cohe|last1=Cohen|first1=Susan|last2=Cohen|first2=Daniel|isbn=0-671-07528-4|oclc=12644589|location=New York City, New York|year=1985|publisher=Exeter Books|page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodhunkshe0000cohe/page/33 33]|language=Inglis}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Sean Connery: James Bond actor dies aged 90 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54761824 |accessdate=31 October 2020 |agency=BBC}}</ref> wis a [[Scots fowk|Scots]] actor. He wis weel-kent as bein the furst body tae play fictional British secret agent James Bond, kythin in seivin films atween 1962 an 1983.<ref name="NYT-20201031">{{cite news |last=Harmetz |first=Aljean |title=Sean Connery, Who Embodied James Bond and More, Dies at 90 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/31/movies/sean-connery-dead.html |date=31 October 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=31 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="WP-20201031">{{cite news |last=Shapiro |first=T. Rees |title=Sean Connery, first James Bond of film, dies at 90 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/sean-connery-first-james-bond-of-film-dies-at-90/2020/10/31/6cbff0a6-1b75-11eb-82db-60b15c874105_story.html |date=31 October 2020 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |accessdate=31 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4799550.stm |title=Profile: Sean Connery|work=BBC News|accessdate=19 March 2007|date=12 March 2006}}</ref> In 1988, Connery won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in ''[[The Untouchables (film)|The Untouchables]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1987-O.html|title=popculture.com's Oscar Winners Archive|publisher=popculturemadness.com|accessdate=13 May 2008|language=Inglis|archive-date=2011-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301054111/http://www.popculturemadness.com/Trivia/Oscars/Top-1987-O.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> His film career awso includes sic films as ''[[Marnie (film)|Marnie]]'', ''[[The Name of the Rose (film)|The Name of the Rose]]'', ''[[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)|The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', ''[[The Hunt for Red October (film)|The Hunt for Red October]]'', ''[[Highlander (film)|Highlander]]'', ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'', ''[[Dragonheart]]'', [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]] movie remake and ''[[The Rock (film)|The Rock]]''. He wis [[Knight Bachelor|knichtit]] in Julie 2000.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=55710|startpage=1|endpage=|supp=y|date=31 December 1999 |accessdate=18 May 2010|language=Inglis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seanconnery.com/biography/knighthood|title=Official website's entry on 2000 knighthood|publisher=seanconnery.com|accessdate=29 September 2007|language=Inglis}}</ref> Connery haes been polled as "The Greatest Living Scot"<ref name="Flockhart">{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10001248.html |title=Would The Greatest Living Scot Please Stand Up?; Here they are |date=25 January 2004 |accessdate=10 March 2010 |first=Susan |last=Flockhart |work=The Sunday Herald |language=Inglis |archive-date=2016-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911105554/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10001248.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> an "Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sir Sean Connery named Scotland's greatest living treasure|url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/282154-sir-sean-connery-named-scotlands-greatest-living-treasure/|date=25 November 2011|accessdate=6 August 2012|language=Inglis|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092622/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/282154-sir-sean-connery-named-scotlands-greatest-living-treasure/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[1989]], he wis proclaimed "Sexiest Man Alive" bi ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine an in [[1999]], at age 69, he wis votit "Sexiest Man of the Century". He's wis a supporter ay' [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers F.C]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Christie|first=Kevan|last2=Speirs|first2=Kathleen|date=2020-10-31|title=Sir Sean Connery ditched Celtic for Rangers - and here's the reason why|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/sir-sean-connery-ditched-celtic-22936203|access-date=2022-05-12|website=Daily Record|language=en}}</ref> ==Daith== Connery deet on 31 October 2020 in Nassau in the Bahamas.<ref name="BBC" /> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Fremmit airtins== *{{IMDb name|0000125}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Connery, Sean}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2020 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Scots male actors]] [[Category:Actors awairdit Breetish knichtheids]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:BAFTA fellaes]] [[Category:Best Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Awaird Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Commandeurs o the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] [[Category:European Film Awairds winners (fowk)]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honourees]] [[Category:Knichts Bachelor]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Male actors frae Edinburgh]] [[Category:Scots film producers]] [[Category:Scots male film actors]] [[Category:Scots male stage actors]] [[Category:Scots male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Scots male vyce actors]] [[Category:Scots naitionalists]] [[Category:Scots fowk o Erse strynd]] {{Stub/Embra}} {{Stub/Actor}} dg76aj2pf01fevei9k81d52iautkeam 0 53269 925730 923205 2026-11-04T21:22:08Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 925730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |birthname=Sarah Louise Heath | image = Sarah Palin by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg | caption = Palin speakin at the 2012 [[Conservative Poleetical Action Conference|CPAC]] in Washington, D.C. | name = Sarah Palin | order1 = 9t | office1 = Govrenor o Alaska | term_start1 = December 4, 2006 | term_end1 = Julie 26, 2009 | lieutenant1 = [[Sean Parnell]] | predecessor1 = [[Frank Murkowski]] | successor1 = [[Sean Parnell]] | order2 = | office2 = Chairperson o the [[Alaska Ile an Gas Conservation Commission]] | term_start2 = Februar 19, 2003 | term_end2 = Januar 23, 2004 | governor2 = [[Frank Murkowski]] | predecessor2 = Camille Oechsli Taylor<ref name="AOGCC who">{{cite web | url=http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/WhoWeAre/terms.html | title=Commissioners - Terms in Office | publisher=Alaska Department of Administration | work=Alaska Oil & Gas Conservation Commission | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60oVljLyn?url=http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/WhoWeAre/terms.html | archivedate=2011-08-09 | accessdate=February 8, 2010 | url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/WhoWeAre/terms.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-28 |archive-date=2011-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924215935/http://doa.alaska.gov/ogc/WhoWeAre/terms.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | successor2 = John K. Norman<ref name="AOGCC who"/> | office3 = Mayor o [[Wasilla, Alaska]] | term_start3 = October 14, 1996 | term_end3 = October 14, 2002 | predecessor3 = [[John Stein (mayor)|John Stein]] | successor3 = [[Dianne M. Keller]] | office4 = Member o the<br />[[Wasilla, Alaska|Wasilla]] Ceety Cooncil frae Seat E | term_start4 = October 19, 1992 | term_end4 = October 14, 1996 | predecessor4 = Dorothy Smith | successor4 = Colleen Cottle | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|2|11|mf=y}}<ref name="nga">{{cite web|accessdate=May 19, 2010|url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=864bb9006da3f010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5cJoxdls2?url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=864bb9006da3f010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD|archivedate=2008-11-14|publisher=[[National Governors Association]]|work=Governor's Information|title=Alaska Governor Sarah Palin|url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Sandpoint, Idaho|Sandpoint]], [[Idaho]], U.S. |ethnicity=Inglis, Erse an German<ref name="stock">{{cite news|accessdate=April 25, 2009|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/republicans/2646949/Sarah-Palin-profile-Former-beauty-queen-was-an-unlikely-choice.html|title=Sarah Palin profile: Former beauty queen was an unlikely choice|date=August 29, 2008|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London, UK|first=Toby|last=Harnden|archive-date=2010-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530080909/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/uselection2008/republicans/2646949/Sarah-Palin-profile-Former-beauty-queen-was-an-unlikely-choice.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | nationality = American | residence = [[Wasilla, Alaska]] | party = [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] | occupation = [[Local news]] [[sportscasting|sportscaster]]<br />[[Commercial fishin|Commercial fisherman]]<br />[[Politeecian]] <br>[[Author]]<br />[[Poleetical commentator]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/01/11/palin-join-fox-news-contributor/ |title=Palin to Join Fox News as Contributor |publisher=FOXNews.com |date=January 11, 2010 |accessdate=May 19, 2010 |archive-date=2010-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115203653/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/01/11/palin-join-fox-news-contributor/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> | profession = | alma_mater = [[Varsity o Idaho]]<small> - ([[Bachelor o Science|B.S.]], 1987)</small><ref name="stateBio">{{cite web|url=http://gov.state.ak.us/bio.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417165654/http://gov.state.ak.us/bio.php|archivedate=2008-04-17|title=About the Governor|work=Office of Alaska Governor|accessdate=October 19, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> | spouse = [[Todd Palin]]<small> (m. August 29, 1988)</small> | children = Track <small>(b. 1989)</small><br>[[Bristol Palin|Bristol]]<small> (b. 1990)</small><br>Willow <small>(b. 1994)</small><br>Piper <small>(b. 2001)</small><br>Trig<small> (b. 2008)</small><ref name="nytimes bio">{{cite news | url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/sarah_palin/index.html?scp=1-spot&sq=sarah%20palin%20&st=cse |author=New York Times staff| title=Times Topics, People, Sarah Palin | work=Biography | accessdate=May 30, 2010}}</ref> | religion = [[Non-denominational Christianity|Non-denominational Christian]]<ref name="NewtonTIME">{{cite news | first = Jay | last = Newton-Small | title = Transcript: Time's interview with Sarah Palin | date = August 29, 2008 | url = http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1837536,00.html | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | accessdate = May 29, 2010 | archive-date = 2012-06-06 | archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/68EC1Pxt5?url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1837536,00.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="energized">{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-08-30-1495391136_x.htm|title=Evangelicals energized by McCain-Palin ticket|last=Gorski|first=Eric|date=August 30, 2008|publisher=USA Today|accessdate= February 7, 2010}}</ref> | signature = Sarah palin signature.svg | footnotes = | box_width = 300px }} '''Sarah Louise Palin''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Sarah-Louise-Palin-en-US-pronunciation.ogg|ˈ|p|eɪ|l|ɨ|n}}; née '''Heath'''; born 11 Februar 11 1964) is an American politeecian, commentator an author who served as the 9t [[Govrenor o Alaska]], frae 2006 tae 2009. As the [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican Pairty]] nominee for [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|Vice Preses]] in the [[Unitit States presidential election, 2008|2008 presidential election]] alangside [[Arizona]] [[Unitit States Senate|Senator]] [[John McCain]], she wis the first Alaskan on the naitional ticket o a major pairty an first Republican woman nominatit for the vice presidency. Her beuk ''[[Going Rogue: An American Life|Going Rogue]]'' haes sauld mair nor twa million copies. Syne Januar 2010, she haes providit poleetical commentary for [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], an hostit a telly shaw, ''[[Sarah Palin's Alaska]]''. Five million viewers tuned in for the first episode, a record for [[TLC (TV channel)|TLC]]. She wis electit tae [[Wasilla, Alaska|Wasilla]] Ceety Cooncil in 1992 an acame mayor o Wasilla in 1996. In 2003, efter an unsuccessful run for [[Lieutenant Govrenor o Alaska|lieutenant govrenor]], she wis appyntit Chairman o the [[Alaska Ile an Gas Conservation Commission]], responsible for owerseein the state's ile an gas fields for safety an efficiency. The youngest person an first woman tae be electit [[Govrenor o Alaska]], Palin held the affice frae December 2006 till [[Resignation o Sarah Palin|her resignation]] in Julie 2009. She haes syne endorsed an campaigned for the [[Tea Pairty movement]], as well as [[Mama grizzly|several candidates]] in the [[Unitit States elections, 2010|2010 midterm elections]]. Frae the time o her Vice Presidential nomination in 2008, Palin wis considered a potential candidate for the [[Unitit States presidential election, 2012|2012 presidential election]] till she annoonced in October 2011 that she would nae run. In Januar 2016 she declarit her support for [[Donald Trump]]'s campaign tae acome [[Preses o the Unitit States]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Govrenors o Alaska}} {{AK Republican gubernatorial nominees}} {{USRepVicePresNominees}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Palin, Sarah}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:21st-century American writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Alaska ceety cooncil members]] [[Category:Alaska Republicans]] [[Category:American beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:American broadcast news analysts]] [[Category:American evangelicals]] [[Category:American fishers]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American poleetical pundits]] [[Category:American poleetical writers]] [[Category:American televeesion sports annooncers]] [[Category:Fowk frae Alaska]] [[Category:Fowk frae Idaho]] [[Category:Weemen mayors o places in the Unitit States]] [[Category:American weemen state govrenors]] [[Category:Conservatism in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Converts tae evangelical Christianity frae Roman Catholicism]] [[Category:Female Unitit States vice-presidential candidates]] [[Category:Fox News Channel fowk]] [[Category:Govrenors o Alaska]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Mayors o Wasilla, Alaska]] [[Category:Palin faimily|Sarah]] [[Category:Parteecipants in American reality televeesion series]] [[Category:Fowk frae Sandpoint, Idaho]] [[Category:Fowk frae the Municipality o Skagway Borough, Alaska]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wasilla, Alaska]] [[Category:Republican Pairty state govrenors o the Unitit States]] [[Category:Republican Pairty (Unitit States) vice presidential nominees]] [[Category:State cabinet secretaries o Alaska]] [[Category:Tea Pairty movement]] [[Category:Unitit States vice-presidential candidates, 2008]] [[Category:Varsity o Hawaii at Hilo alumni]] [[Category:Varsity o Idaho alumni]] [[Category:Weemen in Alaska politics]] [[Category:Weemen writers frae Alaska]] [[Category:Weemen writers frae Idaho]] [[Category:Writers frae Alaska]] [[Category:Writers frae Idaho]] aubx8wwj24k2jftxigz5zyv4rww6px4 0 67346 925724 925714 2026-11-04T21:16:05Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fixscots}} {{Infobox film | name = Beauty and the Beast | image = Beautybeastposter.jpg | caption = North American theatrical [[Film poster#Teaser poster|teaser poster]] bi [[John Alvin]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=Artist created many famous film posters|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314184353/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/10/local/me-alvin10|archivedate=March 14, 2010 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=Februar 10, 2008|accessdate=Februar 10, 2008}}</ref> | director = {{Plainlist| * [[Gary Trousdale]] * [[Kirk Wise]] }} | producer = [[Don Hahn]] | screenplay = [[Linda Woolverton]] | story = {{Plainlist| * [[Roger Allers]] * [[Brenda Chapman]] * [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]] * [[Burny Mattinson]] * Kevin Harkey * [[Brian Pimental]] * Bruce Woodside * [[Joe Ranft]] * Tom Ellery * [[Kelly Asbury]] * Robert Lence }} | based on = {{based on|''[[Beauty and the Beast]]''|[[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]]}} | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Paige O'Hara]] * [[Robby Benson]] * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] * [[Jerry Orbach]] * [[David Ogden Stiers]] * [[Angela Lansbury]] * [[Rex Everhart]] * [[Jesse Corti]] }} | narrator = [[David Ogden Stiers]] <small>(prologue)</small> | muisic = [[Alan Menken]] <!-- Do nae add Howard Ashman; this field anly calls for muisic composers. --> | editing = [[John Carnochan]] | production companies = {{Plainlist| * [[Walt Disney Pictures]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55212|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=March 28, 2017}}</ref> * [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]]<ref name=numbers>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Beauty-and-the-Beast-(1991)#tab=summary|title=Beauty and the Beast (1991)|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|accessdate=April 3, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Silver Screen Partners|Silver Screen Partners IV]]<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Pictures]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|1991|9|29|[[New York Film Festival]]|1991|11|22|United States}} <!-- First and Country of Origin releases anly per WP:FILMRELEASE. --> | runtime = 84 meenits<!--Theatrical runtime: 84:16--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | title=''Beauty and the Beast'' (U) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=February 5, 1992 | accessdate=September 28, 2016 | archive-date=2016-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002071613/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/beauty-and-beast-film | url-status=dead }}</ref> | kintra = Unitit States | leid = Inglis | budget = $25 million<ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast.htm|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $425 million<ref name="box office" /> }} '''''Beauty and the Beast''''' is a 1991 American [[Animation|animatit]] muisical romantic fantasie drama film produced bi Walt Disney Featur Animation an released bi [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. The 30t Disney animatit featur film an the third released durin the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale o the same name bi [[Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont]], who wis an aa credited in the Inglis version as well as in the French version,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Jeanne-Marie|last=Le Prince de Beaumont|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/beauty.html|journal=The Young Misses Magazine|title=Containing Dialogues between a Governess and Several Young Ladies of Quality Her Scholars|edition=4|volume=1|location=London|year=1783|pages=45–67}}</ref> an ideas frae the [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|1946 French film]] directed bi [[Jean Cocteau]].<ref>[http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html Toacorn.com: Dining and Entertainment section: "''Beauty and the Beast'' stellar" Play review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708215712/http://www.toacorn.com/news/2007/0802/dining_and_entertainment/048.html |date=2008-07-08 }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast'' focuses on the relationship atween the Beast (vyce o [[Robby Benson]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a prince who is magically transformed intae a monster as punishment for his arrogance, an Belle (vyce o [[Paige O'Hara]]),<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. Tae acome a prince again, Beast must learn tae luve Belle an earn her luve in return tae avoid remainin a monster forever. The film featurs the vyces o [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]], [[Jerry Orbach]], [[David Ogden Stiers]], an [[Angela Lansbury]] an aw.<ref name="Beauty and the Beast">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|title=Beauty and the Beast|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|accessdate=May 9, 2016|archive-date=2020-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726191025/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/68299/Beauty-And-The-Beast/full-credits.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Walt Disney]] first attemptit unsuccessfully tae adapt ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae an animatit film durin the 1930s an 1950s. Follaein the success o ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decidit tae adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum oreeginally conceived as a non-muisical. Disney chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] eventually dismissed Purdum's idea an ordered that the film be a muisical seemilar tae ''The Little Mermaid'' insteid. The film wis directit bi [[Gary Trousdale]] an [[Kirk Wise]], wi a screenplay bi [[Linda Woolverton]] story first creditit tae [[Roger Allers]].<ref name="Beauty and the Beast"/> Lyricist [[Howard Ashman]] an componer [[Alan Menken]] wrote the film's sangs. Ashman, who addeetionally served as the film's executive producer, died o [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]-relatit complications aicht months afore the film's release, an the film is sicweys dedicatit tae his memory. ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered as an unfinished film at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991, followed bi its theatrical release as a completit film at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] on November 13. The film wis a box office success, grossing $425 million warldwide on a $25 million budget. ''Beauty and the Beast'' received positive reviews frae critics; it won the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] an acame the first animatit film tae be nominated for the [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]. It wan the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] an [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] for its title song. In Apryle 1994, ''Beauty and the Beast'' acame Disney's first animatit film tae be adapted intae a [[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Broadway musical]]. The success o the film spawned twa [[direct-to-video]] follae-ups: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997) an ''[[Belle's Magical World|Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World]]'' (1998). This wis followed bi a spin-off television series, ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]''. An [[IMAX]] version wis released in 2002 that included "[[Human Again (Beauty and the Beast)|Human Again]]", a new five-minute musical sequence. Efter the success of the 3D re-release o ''[[The Lion King]]'', the film wis reissued in 3D in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title='Beauty and the Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', 'Finding Nemo', 'Monsters, Inc.' get 3-D re-releases|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/10/04/disney-3d-beauty-beast-mermaid|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=October 27, 2011|date=October 4, 2011|first=Grady|last=Smith}}</ref> In 2002, the film wis selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] bi the [[Library of Congress]] for bein "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|live-action remake]] o the film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017. ==Plot== <!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, plot summaries for feature films are to be between 400 to 700 words only. --> In [[Rococo]]-era Fraunce, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cauld-hearted prince an enchanted rose for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him intae a monstrous beast and casts a spell on the castle. She gies him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, alang with the rose. The prince is warned that, unless he learns to luve anither and earn thair luve in return afore the rose's last petal faws on his 21st birthday, he will lose his humanity forever Ten years later, Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances frae Gaston, an arrogant muscular hunter. Lost in the forest while traivelin to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's faither Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. Efter Maurice befriends the castle's servants, houiver, the Beast imprisons him. Belle ventures out in sairch for him and finds him locked in the castle's dungeon. The Beast agrees to let her tak Maurice's place. Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treatit to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders intae the forbidden West Wing, the Beast, enraged, frightens her intae the woods. She is cornered bi wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her bi shawin his extensive library. Returning tae the veelage, Maurice is unable to convince the townsfolk to rescue Belle and is left out in the woods. Gaston, sulking ower Belle's rejections, decides to send Maurice to an insane asylum if Belle refuses Gaston's proposal again. Efter sharin a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle discovers her faither's predicament uisin the magic mirror. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giein her the mirror to remember him with. Back at her veelage, Belle proves Maurice's sanity bi revealing the beast in the mirror tae the townsfolk. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston haes her thrown intae her basement with her faither and rallies the villagers to follae him tae the castle to slay the Beast. With Chip's aid, Maurice and Belle escape and Belle rushes back tae the castle. During the battle, the servants fend off the villagers. Gaston attacks the Beast in his touer, who is too depressed to fecht back, but regains his will upon seein Belle return. He spares Gaston's life afore reuniting with Belle. Houiver, Gaston stabs the Beast, but he loses his footing and faws to his daith.{{refn|Speaking together, with some crosstalk, [[Gary Trousdale]], [[Kirk Wise]], [[Don Hahn]] and [[Alan Menken]] confirmed on the audio commentary that Gaston died after he fell off the rooftops.<ref name="dvdcommentary"/>|group=lower-alpha}} The Beast dies as the last petal faws. When Belle tearfully professes her luve to him, the curse is undone, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, whaur thay dance happily. ==Cast== * [[Paige O'Hara]] as Belle<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/moviedetail.aspx?id=1& |title=10 Top 10 |publisher=AFI |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A [[bibliophilia|bibliophilic]] young woman who seeks adventure, an offers her ain freedom tae the Beast in return for her faither's. In thair effort to enhance the character frae the oreeginal story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her ain beauty and made her "a little odd".<ref name="makingof">{{cite video|title=Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast |medium=VCD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=2002}}</ref> Wise recalls castin O'Hara acause o a "unique tone" she haed, "a little bit of [[Judy Garland]]", efter whose appearance Belle wis modeled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/160 160]–2 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> [[James Baxter (animator)|James Baxter]] and [[Mark Henn]] served as the supervising animators for Belle. * [[Robby Benson]] as The Prince / Beast <ref name="autogenerated3" /> – A young prince who is transformed intae a beast bi an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. He haes the heid structur and horns of an [[American bison]], the arms and body o a [[bear]], the lugs o a [[deer]], the eyebrows o a [[gorilla]], the jaws, teeth, an mane o a [[lion]], the tusks o a [[wild boar]] and the legs and tail o a [[wolf]]. [[Chris Sanders (director)|Chris Sanders]], ane of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, an fish afore coming up with something close tae the final design. [[Glen Keane]], supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design bi going tae the zoo and studyin the ainimals on which the Beast wis based.<ref name="dvdcommentary">Trousdale, Gary; Wise, Kirk; Hahn, Don; and Menken, Alan (2002). DVD audio commentary for ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition.'' Walt Disney Home Entertainment</ref> Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,316461,00.html |title=Oh, You Beast: Robby Benson roars to his roots – The former teen idol is the voice of Beast in ''Beauty and the Beast'' |last=Cagle |first=Jess |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 13, 1991 |accessdate=February 2, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209041804/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C316461%2C00.html |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson's vyce haed the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" and that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> * [[Richard White (actor)|Richard White]] as [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]]<ref name="autogenerated3"/> – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's haund in marriage and is determined nae to let anyone else win her hert. He serves as a [[Foil (literature)|foil]] personality tae the Beast, who wis ance as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, [[Andreas Deja]], wis pressed bi Jeffrey Katzenberg to mak Gaston handsome in contrast tae the traditional appearance o a Disney villain, an assignment he foond difficult at first. In the beginnin, Gaston is depicted as mair o a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle wad luve a Beast mair nor him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher= Hyperion |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/178 178] |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> * [[Jerry Orbach]] as Lumière<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |title=The 50 Best Animated Movie Characters &#124; 39. Lumiere &#124; Empire |publisher=www.empireonline.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928021942/http://www.empireonline.com/features/50-greatest-animated-characters/default.asp?film=39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> – The kynd-hearted but rebellious [[valet]] of the Beast's, who haes been transformed intae a caunlestick. He haes a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, whiles causin tension atween them, but the Beast eften turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. [[Nik Ranieri]] served as the supervising animator for Lumière. * [[David Ogden Stiers]] as Cogsworth<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |title=David Ogden Stiers Comes Out After Decades in the Closet - Yahoo Voices |publisher=voices.yahoo.com |first=Robert |last=Dougherty |date=March 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |archivedate=January 18, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118095950/http://voices.yahoo.com/david-ogden-stiers-comes-out-after-decades-the-3269942.html?cat=7 |date=2014-01-18 }}</ref> – [[Majordomo]], the heid of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who haes been transformed intae a clock. He is extremely loyal tae the Beast sae as to save himsel and anyone else ony trouble, eften leadin to friction atween himsel and Lumière. [[Will Finn]] served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers an aa narrates the prologue. * [[Angela Lansbury]] as Mrs. Potts<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander |first=Bryan |url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Angela-Lansbury-Proud-To-Be-Mrs-Potts-from-Beauty-and-the-Beast-Forever-104510974.html |title=Angela Lansbury Proud To Be Mrs. Potts from "Beauty and the Beast" Forever |publisher=NBC Bay Area |date=May 30, 2012 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle cook, turned intae a teapot, who takes a mitherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went throu several names for Mrs. Potts, sic as "Mrs. Chamomile", afore Ashman suggestit the uise of semple and concise names for the household objects.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> [[David Pruiksma]] served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts. * [[Bradley Pierce]] as Chip<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/bradley_michael_pierce/ |title=Bradley Pierce |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Mrs. Potts' son, who haes been turned intae a teacup. Oreeginally intendit to anly hae ane line, the filmmakers war impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Muisic Box character.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Pruiksma an aa served as the supervising animator for Chip. * [[Rex Everhart]] as Maurice<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Belle's inventor faither. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to big in reality, but his loyal dochter believes he will be famous ane day. [[Ruben A. Aquino]] served as the supervising animator for Maurice. * [[Jesse Corti]] as Le Fou<ref name="autogenerated3" /> – Gaston's eften abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Le Fou. * [[Hal Smith (actor)|Hal Smith]] as Philippe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/hal_smith/ |title=Hal Smith |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – Belle's [[Belgian horse]]. [[Russ Edmonds]] served as the supervising animator for Philippe. * [[Jo Anne Worley]] as the Wardrobe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jo_anne_worley/ |title=Jo Anne Worley |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's authority ower fashion, an a umwhile opera sangster, who haes been turned intae a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe wis introduced bi visual development person Sue C. Nichols tae the then entirely male cast of servants, an wis oreeginally a mair integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is kent as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mooth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the anly major enchanted object character whose human form daes nae appear in the film. [[Tony Anselmo]] served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe. * [[Mary Kay Bergman]] and [[Kath Soucie]] as the Bimbettes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/kath_soucie/ |title=Kath Soucie |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – A trio of veelage maidens who constantly fawn ower Gaston, kent as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation. * [[Brian Cummings]] as the Stove<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/brian_cummings/ |title=Brian Cummings |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's [[chef]] who haes been transformed intae a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. * Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alvin-epstein/ |title=Alvin Epstein |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a beuk shop in Belle's home toun. * [[Tony Jay]] as Monsieur D'Arque<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tony_jay/ |title=Tony Jay |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle. * Alec Murphy as the Baker<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/alec_murphy/ |title=Alec Murphy |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The ainer o a bakery in Belle's home toun. * [[Kimmy Robertson]] as the Featherduster<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman/ |title=Mary Kay Bergman |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archive-date=2017-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128061611/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/mary_kay_bergman |url-status=dead }}</ref> – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who haes been turned intae a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name gien to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake. * [[Frank Welker]] as Sultan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.01/5.01pages/welkerfilmography.php3 |title=Frank Welker Filmography |publisher=Awn.com |date= |accessdate=April 12, 2014}}</ref> – The castle's pet dug turned intae a [[footstool]]. ==Production== ===Early versions=== Efter the success of ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' in 1937, [[Walt Disney]] sought out ither stories to adapt intae featur films, with ''Beauty and the Beast'' being amang the stories he considered.<ref name="makingof"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions From Bosko to Bart Simpson |url=https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito |last=Sito |first=Tom |year=2006 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-2407-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/drawinglineuntol00sito/page/301 301]}}</ref> Attempts to develop the ''Beauty and the Beast'' story intae a film war made in the 1930s and 1950s, but war ultimately gien up acause it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.<ref name="makingof" /> Peter M. Nichols states Disney mey later hae been discouraged bi [[Jean Cocteau]] haein already done [[Beauty and the Beast (1946 film)|his 1946 version]].<ref name="Nichols">{{cite book |title=The New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies |url=https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich |first=Peter M. |last=Nichols |year=2003 |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |isbn=0-8050-7198-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/childrensmoviesc00nich/page/27 27]–30}}</ref> Decades later, during the production of ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected ''Beauty and the Beast'' as a project for the satellite animation studio it haed set up in London, England to work on ''Roger Rabbit''. [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]], who haed directed the animated portions of ''Roger Rabbit'', wis approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his lang-gestating project ''[[The Thief and the Cobbler]]''. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, Inglis animation director Richard Purdum, an work began under producer [[Don Hahn]] on a non-musical version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' set in 19t century Fraunce.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty">{{cite video|people=[[Don Hahn|Hahn, Don]] |title=[[Waking Sleeping Beauty]] |medium=Documentary film |publisher=Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |location=Burbank, California |date=2009 }}</ref> At the behest of Disney CEO [[Michael Eisner]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first Disney animated film to uise a screenwriter. This wis an unusual production muive for an animated film, which is tradeetionally developit on [[storyboard]]s rather than in scripted form. [[Linda Woolverton]] wrote the oreeginal draft of the story afore storyboarding began, an worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.<ref name="story">{{cite book|last=Thomas |first=Bob |year=1991 |title=Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast |url=https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom |publisher=Hyperion |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/disneysartofanim00thom/page/142 142]–7 |isbn=1-56282-899-1}}</ref> ===Script rewrite and musicalization=== [[File:Jeffrey Katzenberg 2010 Shrek Shankbone.jpg|thumb|upright|Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch.]] Upon seein the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] ordered that the film be scrapped and stairtit ower frae scratch. A few months efter stairtin anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio haed approached [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] to direct the film, but thay turned down the offer, saying thay war "tired" efter juist haein finished directing Disney's recent success ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''. Disney then hired first-time featur directors [[Kirk Wise]] and [[Gary Trousdale]]. Wise and Trousdale haed previously directed the animated sections of ''[[Cranium Command]]'', a short film for a Disney [[EPCOT]] theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters [[Howard Ashman]] and [[Alan Menken]], who haed written the song score for ''The Little Mermaid'', to turn ''Beauty and the Beast'' intae a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as ''Mermaid''. Ashman, who at the time haed learned he wis dying of complications frae AIDS, haed been wirkin with Disney on a pet project of his, ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', and anly reluctantly agreed to jyne the strugglin production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing heal, pre-production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis moved frae London tae the [[Residence Inn]] in [[Fishkill, New York]], close to Ashman's New York City home.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> Here, Ashman and Menken jynt Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, an Woolverton in retooling the film's script.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> Syne the oreeginal story haed anly twa major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience throu the film, an added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.<ref name="makingof" /> Thir ideas war somewhat seemilar to elements of the 1946 French film version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat seemilar to Gaston,<ref>{{cite book|first=Jerome |last=Griswold |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecQuvwSSgzEC&pg=RA1-PA249&dq=%22gaston%22%22beauty+and+the+beast%22%22avenant%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22gaston%22%22beauty%20and%20the%20beast%22%22avenant%22 |title=The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbook |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2004 |page=249 |isbn=1-55111-563-8}}</ref> as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/fva/c/La_Belle_et_la_Bete_780.html |title=La Belle et la Bete |first=Kim |last=Humphreville |work=WCSU |accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref> The animated objects war, houiver, gien distinct personalities in the Disney version. Bi early 1990, Katzenberg haed approved the revised script, an storyboarding began again.<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="story" /> The production flew story artists back and forth atween California and New York for storyboard approvals frae Ashman, tho the team wis nae told the reason why.<ref name="makingof" /> ===Castin and recording=== Disney haed oreeginally considered castin [[Jodi Benson]] frae ''The Little Mermaid'' as Belle.<ref name="disneyvoiceactors">{{cite web|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S|title=Voice Guide to Disney Animated Films and Characters|work=Disney Voice Actors A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc|accessdate=June 21, 2013|page=158|year=2011}}</ref> Thay eventually decidit upon Broadway actress and sangster [[Paige O'Hara]] in favor of haein a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".<ref name="o'haranbc">{{cite web|last=Huver|first=Scott|title="Beauty and the Beast 3D" Gives Original Star Paige O'Hara a Whole New Perspective|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/popcornbiz/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Gives-Original-Star-Paige-OHara-a-New-Perspective-137157048.html|work=NBC Chicago|publisher=NBCUniversal Media, LLC|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> Accordin to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara wis gien the role acause she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",<ref name="o'harasentinel">{{cite web|last=Rusoff|first=Jane Wollman|title=Beauty & The Bridge First She Charmed Us With Her Voice In Beauty And The Beast. Now Fort Lauderdale's Paige O'hara Takes On A Very Different Role In A Film About Chappaquiddick.|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|work=Sun-Sentinel|publisher=The Sun-Sentinel|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=November 22, 1992|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111605/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-22/features/9203020414_1_ted-kennedy-paige-o-hara-chappaquiddick-island/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> reminiscent to that of American actress and sangster [[Judy Garland]].<ref name="o'haraboxoffice">{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Amy |title=Meet Paige O'Hara: The Voice—And More—Of Disney's Smartest Heroine |url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |work=Boxoffice |publisher=Boxoffice Media |accessdate=June 21, 2013 |date=January 13, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |archivedate=December 21, 2014 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221102310/http://pro.boxoffice.com/articles/2012-01-meet-paige-ohara-the-voice-and-more-of-disneys-smartest-heroine |date=2014-12-21 }}</ref> O'Hara, who, efter readin aboot the film in ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="o'haradisneydreaming">{{cite web|title=Interview With Paige O'Hara, The Voice Of Belle In "Beauty and the Beast"|url=http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast/|work=Disney Dreaming|publisher=DisneyDreaming.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 5, 2010|archive-date=2012-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312203952/http://www.disneydreaming.com/2010/10/05/interview-with-paige-ohara-the-voice-of-belle-in-beauty-and-the-beast|url-status=dead}}</ref> competit for the role against 500 hopefuls,<ref name="o'haraonthebox">{{cite web|last=Sands|first=Jez|title=Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview|url=http://blog.onthebox.com/2010/10/25/beauty-and-the-beast-paige-ohara-interview/|work=On the Box|publisher=OntheBox.com|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=October 25, 2010}}</ref> believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her [[cast recording]] of the musical ''[[Show Boat]]'' proved integral in her being cast.<ref name="bwayworldo'hara">{{cite web|last=Cerasaro|first=Pat|title=SPOTLIGHT ON BEAUTY & THE BEAST 3D: Paige O'Hara|url=http://broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111626/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/SPOTLIGHT-ON-BEAUTY-THE-BEAST-3D-Paige-OHara-20120125|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Animation=== Production of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis tae be completit on a compressed timeline of twa years rather than the traditional fower-year Disney Featur Animation production schedule; this wis due tae the loss of production time spent developin the earlier Purdum version of the film.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Most of the production wis done at the main Featur Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in [[Glendale, California]]. A smawer team at the [[Disney-MGM Studios]] [[theme park]] in [[Lake Buena Vista, Florida]] assisted the California team on several scenes, parteecularly the "Be Our Guest" nummer.<ref name="makingof" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the seicont film, efter ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', produced uisin [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS (Computer Animation Production System)]], a digital scanning, ink, paint, an compositing system of software and hardware developit for Disney bi [[Pixar]].<ref name="makingof" /><ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and coloured line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned haund inking for [[xerography]] in the late 1950s. CAPS an aa allowed the production crew to simulate [[multiplane]] effects: placin characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and muivin them towards/away frae the camera on the [[Z-axis]] to gie the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> In addition, CAPS allowed an easier combination of haund-drawn airt with [[computer-generated imagery]], which afore haed tae be [[plotter|plotted]] to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted tradeetionally.<ref name="makingof" /><ref>(2006) Audio Commentary bi John Musker, Ron Clements, and Alan Menken. Bonus material frae ''The Little Mermaid: Platinum Edition'' [DVD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment.</ref> This technique wis put to significant uise during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance throu a computer-generated ballroom as the camera [[Camera dolly|dollies]] aroond them in simulated 3D space.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> The filmmakers haed oreeginally decidit against the uise of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology haed improved, decidit it coud be uised for the ane scene in the ballroom.<ref name="Nichols" /> The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.<ref>Kanfer (1997), p. 228.</ref> ===Muisic=== Ashman and Menken wrote the ''Beauty'' song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the openin [[operetta]]-styled "[[Belle (Disney song)|Belle]]" being thair first composition for the film. Ither songs included "[[Be Our Guest]]," sung (in its oreeginal version) to Maurice bi the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "[[Gaston (song)|Gaston]]," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growin luve frae the objects' perspective, the luve ballad "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)]]" and the climactic "[[The Mob Song]]." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while vyce and song recording began in New York City.<ref name="makingof" /> The ''Beauty'' songs war maistly recorded live with the orchestra and the vyce cast performing simultaneously rather than [[overdub]]bed separately, in order to gie the songs a [[cast album]]-lik "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> During the course of production, mony changes war made tae the structur of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. Efter screening a maistly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story airtist Bruce Woodside suggestit that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her faither. Wise and Trousdale agreed, an the sequence and song war retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went throu a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Oreeginally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it wis changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did nae think her vyce wis suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least ane tak and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the ane tak asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" wis dropped frae the film afore animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems aboot the timeline ower which the story takes place.<ref name="makingof" /> This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "[[Something There]]," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of thair growin fondness for ilk ither, wis componed late in production and inserted intae the script in place of "Human Again."<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Menken wad later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of ''Beauty and the Beast'', and anither revised version of the song wis added tae the film itself in a new sequence creatit for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /><ref name="makingof" /> Ashman died of AIDS-relatit complications at the age of 40 on Mairch 14, 1991, aicht months afore the film's release. He never saw the finished film, tho he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on ''Aladdin'' wis completit bi anither lyricist, [[Tim Rice]]. Afore Ashman's daith, members of the film's production team visited him efter the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commentin that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute tae the lyricist wis included at the end of the credits crawl: "''To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991''."<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /> A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed bi [[Céline Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]] ower the end credits, wis released as a commercial single frae the film's [[Beauty and the Beast (soundtrack)|soundtrack]], supported with a muisic video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts aroond the world. The song became Dion's seicont single to land within the top-10 of the [[The Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], peaking at nummer nine. The song peaked at nummer three on the [[Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks|''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary]] chart. In Canadae, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at nummer twa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1992/Billboard-1992-03-28.pdf|title=Hits of the World|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|page=38|date=March 28, 1992|accessdate=May 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Nanda Lwin]]|title=Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide|publisher=Music Data Canada|year=1999|isbn= 1-896594-13-1}}</ref> Ootside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twinty in Australie, Netherlands, an Ireland. The song sauld ower a million copies warldwide.<ref>{{Cite book|title = A Century of American Popular Music|last = Jasen|first = David A|publisher = Routledge|year = 2013|isbn = 9781135352646|location = United Kingdom|pages = 19|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ucVYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=beauty+and+the+beast+celine+dion&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EN5pVffPENW0yATKnoP4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=beauty%20and%20the%20beast%20celine%20dion&f=false}}</ref> This version of the song wis an aa nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, an it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance. ==Release== In a first-time accomplishment for [[The Walt Disney Company]], an unfinished version of ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis shawn at the [[New York Film Festival]] on September 29, 1991.<ref name="nyfilmfesitivallatimes">{{cite news|last=Haithman|first=Diane|title=Unfinished 'Beauty' to Make Splashy Debut : Movies: The New York Film Festival will premiere Disney's animated work-in-progress on Sept. 29.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-08-17/entertainment/ca-693_1_new-york-film-festival|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 17, 1991}}</ref> The film wis deemed a "[[work in progress]]" acause roughly anly 70% of the animation haed been completit; storyboards and pencil tests war uised in replacement of the remainin 30%.<ref name="filmfestivalnytimes">{{cite news|last=Honan|first=William H.|title=At the New York Film Festival, Works on Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/movies/at-the-new-york-film-festival-works-on-art.html|work=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=August 19, 1991}}</ref> Additionally, certaint segments of the film that haed already been finished war reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, ''Beauty and the Beast'' received a 10-minute-lang staundin ovation frae the film festival audience.<ref name="wakingsleepingbeauty" /><ref name="beautyreviewjournal">{{cite web|last=Cling|first=Carol|title=More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=Stephens Media LLC|accessdate=June 18, 2013|date=April 21, 2013|archive-date=2013-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425082850/http://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/more-20-years-after-beauty-and-beast-paige-ohara-still-remembered-voice|url-status=dead}}</ref> The completit film wis an aa screened out of competeetion at the [[1992 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |title=Beauty and the Beast |accessdate=August 16, 2009 |work=Festival de Cannes |archive-date=2015-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617124649/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/f3c5b65c-be71-4f69-a7ae-19bc7a8aae65/year/1992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The finished film premiered at the [[El Capitan Theatre]] in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginnin a leemitit release afore expanding wide on November 22.<ref name="beautyreviewjournal" /> ===Re-issues=== The film wis [[film preservation|restored]] and [[remaster]]ed for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in [[IMAX]] theatres in a [[special edition]] edit, includin a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation wis cleaned up, a new sequence set tae the deleted song "Human Again" wis inserted intae the film's seicont act, an a new digital master frae the oreeginal [[Computer Animation Production System|CAPS]] production files wis uised to mak the heich resolution IMAX film negative.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Ball |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/beauty-and-the-beast-added-to-national-film-registry/ |title=Beauty and The Beast Added to National Film Registry |publisher=Animation Magazine |date=December 18, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A sing alang edition of the film, hosted bi [[Jordin Sparks]], wis released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior tae the shawin of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes leuk at the newly restored film and the makin of her new ''Beauty and the Beast'' muisic video. There wis an aa commentary frae producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside leuk at how the animation wis creatit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/beauty-and-the-beast-sing-a-long-disney/48819/|title=Disney to Release Sing-Along BEAUTY AND THE BEAST for Limited Run |work=Collider |date=September 27, 2010|first=Jason|last=Barr|accessdate=January 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parents/index.ssf/2010/09/dress_up_sing_along_to_beauty.html|title=Dress up, sing along to 'Beauty and the Beast' this week |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=September 27, 2010|first=Martha|last=Mueller Neff|accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> A [[Disney Digital 3D]] version of the film, the seicont o a tradeetionally animated film, wis oreeginally scheduled tae be released in US theatres on Februar 12, 2010, but the project wis postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/digital/markets-festivals/disney-retools-animation-slate-1118022620/|title=Disney retools animation slate 3D ''Beauty'' reboot, ''Newt'' yanked from schedule |work=Variety |first=Andrew |last=Stewart |date=August 5, 2010 |accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, Disney annoonced that the [[3D film|3D]] version of the film wad mak its American debut at Hollywood's [[El Capitan Theatre]] frae September 2–15, 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-to-be-screened-in-3d-in-hollywood-182060 | title=Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" To Be Screened in 3D in Hollywood | publisher=Playbill | date=August 25, 2011 | accessdate=June 17, 2015 | author=Hetrick, Adam}}</ref> Disney spent less nor $10 million on the 3D conversion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/01/box-office-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast.html|title=Movie Projector: 'Beauty and the Beast', 'Contraband' fight for No. 1|last=Kaufman|first=Amy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 12, 2012|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}</ref> Efter the successfu 3D re-release of ''[[The Lion King]]'', Disney annoonced a wide 3D re-release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' in North America beginnin Januar 13, 2012.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/04/disney-re-releasing-films-3d_n_994701.html Disney Re-Releasing Films In 3D: 'Beauty & The Beast', 'The Little Mermaid', Others Coming Back]</ref> ===Home media=== The film wis released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as pairt of the [[Walt Disney Classics]] series, an wis later put on [[Moratorium (entertainment)|moratorium]] on Apryle 30, 1993; it wis nae included in the [[Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection]] line. This version contains a minor edit tae the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for twa frames during his climactic faw to his daith war removed for the oreeginal home video release. No sic edit wis made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival wis an aa released on VHS and Laserdisc at this time;<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> houiver, said version wis the anly ane available on the latter format until the faw of 1993, when the completit theatrical version wis released. This meisur wis to diminish the threat of video pirates makin copies derived frae the laserdisc (which are nae copy-pertected) and selling them in international markets, whaur the film wis yet tae be available for home release.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-02/entertainment/ca-103_1_laser-discs]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-31 |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902075304/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-10-05/features/9310050060_1_discs-full-animation-new-releases |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition'', as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/lairge-format is cried, wis released on twa-disc "[[Walt Disney Platinum and Diamond Editions|Platinum Edition]]" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extendit IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the oreeginal theatrical version, an the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "[[Disney Vault]]" moratorium status in Januar 2003, alang with its direct-to-video follae-ups ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]''. The film wis released frae the vault on October 5, 2010 as the seicont of Disney's [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Diamond Editions|Diamond Editions]], in the form o a three-disc [[Blu-ray Disc]] and DVD combination pack<ref name="gustin">{{cite news|last=Gustin|first=Maija|title=Movie Rewind: Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Observer|date=October 1, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051531/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/scene/movie-rewind-beauty-and-the-beast-1.1659560| archivedate= October 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>— the first release of ''Beauty and the Beast'' on home video in heich-definition format.<ref name="lufkin">{{cite web|last=Lufkin |first=Bryan |title='Beauty And The Beast' Stars: Where Are They Now? |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |publisher=Starpulse |accessdate=October 1, 2010 |date=October 1, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004143919/http://www.starpulse.com/news/Bryan_Lufkin/2010/10/01/beauty_and_the_beast_stars_where_are_t |archivedate=October 4, 2010 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> This edition conseests o fower versions of the film: the oreeginal theatrical version, an extendit version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-anly version, an a fowert iteration displaying the storyboards via [[picture-in-picture]] alongside the oreeginal theatrical version.<ref name="lang">{{cite news|last=Lang|first=George|title=Blu-ray Review: "Beauty and the Beast: Diamond Edition"|url=http://www.newsok.com/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition/article/3500073?custom_click=headlines_widget|accessdate=October 1, 2010|newspaper=The Oklahoman (NewsOK)|date=October 1, 2010|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801175757/http://oklahoman.com/article/3500073/blu-ray-review-beauty-and-the-beast-diamond-edition?custom_click=headlines_widget|url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sauld 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=United States Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528191334/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=United States Combined DVD and Blu-ray Sales Chart for Week Ending October 10, 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|date=October 17, 2010|archive-date=2017-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003857/https://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/packaged-media-sales-chart/2010/10/10|url-status=dead}}</ref> It wis the seicont best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top-Selling Blu-rays in the United States 2010|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|accessdate=August 6, 2016|publisher=The Numbers|archive-date=2017-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309032358/http://www.the-numbers.com/home-market/bluray-sales/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> A twa-disc DVD edition wis released on November 23, 2010.<ref name="gustin" /> A five-disc combo pack, featurin [[Blu-ray 3D]], Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a [[digital copy]], wis released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical tae the oreeginal Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went intae the Disney Vault alang with the twa sequels on Apryle 30, 2012.<ref name="blu-ray1">{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Beauty-and-the-Beast-3D-Blu-ray/19471/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 3D Blu-ray: Diamond Edition |publisher=Blu-ray.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> A 25t anniversary [[List of Walt Disney and Buena Vista video releases#Signature Collection|Signature Edition]] wis released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and wis followed bi Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.<ref name="blu-ray2">{{cite web|url=http://comicbook.com/2016/06/24/beauty-and-the-beast-25th-anniversary-edition-officially-announc/ |title=Beauty and the Beast 25th Anniversary Edition Officially Announced |author=Lucas Siegel |publisher=Comicbook.com |date=June 24, 2016 |accessdate=June 24, 2016}}</ref> Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, an debuted at nummer 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks oweraw disc sales, behind ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' and ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/ninja-turtles-and-beauty-and-the-beast-split-top-disc-sales-honors-1201873237/ |title=‘Ninja Turtles’ and ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Split Top Disc Sales Honors |publisher=Variety |date=2016-09-29 |accessdate=2016-09-29}}</ref> ==Reception and legacy== ===Critical response=== Review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gies the film an approval rating of 93% and an average of 8.4 based on reviews frae 103 critics. The website's general consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, ''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beauty_and_the_beast_1991/ |title= Beauty and the Beast (1991) |work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher = Flixster, Inc |accessdate= February 1, 2014}}</ref> The film an aa holds a 95/100 on [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title=Beauty and the Beast Reviews |publisher=Metacritic |accessdate=December 14, 2016}}</ref> Audiences polled bi [[CinemaScore]] gae the film a rare "A+" grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563|title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office|author=Pamela McClintock|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=August 19, 2011|accessdate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the film with the follaein statement, "Two years ago, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''... Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with ''Beauty and the Beast''."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/13/movies/review-film-disney-s-beauty-and-the-beast-updated-in-form-and-content.html|title=Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content|author=[[Janet Maslin]]|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 13, 1991|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> Awarding the film a perfect score of fower stars, [[Roger Ebert]] of the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' compared ''Beauty and the Beast'' positively to ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'', writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991 |title = Beauty And The Beast|website = Chicago Sun-Times|publisher = Ebert Digital LLC| date = November 11, 1991|accessdate = February 1, 2014 |authorlink = Roger Ebert |last = Ebert|first = Roger}}</ref> In 2001 Ebert again gae the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fragoso |first=Sam |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-imax-2002 |title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX) Movie Review (2002) |publisher=Roger Ebert |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] of ''[[ReelViews]] ''rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "''Beauty and the Beast'' attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.reelviews.net/reelviews/beauty-and-the-beast |title = Beauty and the Beast |accessdate = December 30, 2013 |work = ReelViews |year = 1991 |authorlink = James Berardinelli|last = Berardinelli|first = James}}</ref> The uise of computer animation, parteecularly in the ballroom sequence, wis singled out in several reviews as ane of the film's hielichts.<ref name="dvdcommentary" /> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' gae the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htm |title='Beauty and the Beast' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Janet Maslin of ''The New York Times'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin |first=Janet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE2DF1330F930A25752C1A967958260 |title=Movie Review - Beauty and the Beast - Review/Film; Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated in Form and Content |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 13, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Dave Kehr of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' gae the film three out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents..... But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."<ref>{{cite news|author=Dave Kehr|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|title=Tame Beast|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=November 22, 1991|accessdate=March 19, 2014|archive-date=2015-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526234340/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150935_1_rex-everhart-paige-o-hara-disney-ranks|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' gae the film fower out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this ''Beauty and the Beast'' has a beauty of a bite."<ref>{{cite news |author=Jay Boyar |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |title='Beauty And The Beast': Lovely Tale Of Redemption |newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102120527/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9111210086_1_hideous-beast-untamed-beauty-linda-woolverton |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Hartl of ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' gae the film three and a hauf stars out of fower, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartl |first=John |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |title=Entertainment & the Arts &#124; A Classic Feel Already - Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's `Beast' |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223213/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19911122&slug=1318824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gene Siskel]], an aa of the ''Chicago Tribune'', gae the film fower out of fower stars, saying "''Beauty and the Beast'' is one of the year`s most entertaining films for both adults and children."<ref>{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |authorlink=Gene Siskel |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |title='Beauty And The Beast' Has A Song In Its Heart |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |publisher=[[Tribune Company]] |date=November 22, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527081251/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-11-22/entertainment/9104150936_1_beast-water-tower-addams-family |url-status=dead }}</ref> On thair ''Beauty and the Beast'' edition of ''Siskel & Ebert'', baith Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for [[Academy Award|Oscar]] consideration as [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture of the Year]]." Michael Sragow of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' gae the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."<ref>{{cite web|last=Sragow |first=Michael |url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |title=Beauty and the Beast |publisher=The New Yorker |date=December 2, 1991 |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123175952/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/film/beauty_and_the_beast |archivedate=January 23, 2008}}</ref> Eric Smoodin writes in his beuk ''Animating Cultur'' that the studio wis tryin to mak up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Animating Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |year=1993 |publisher=Rutger's University Press |isbn=0-8135-1948-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/animatingculture0000smoo/page/189 189]}}</ref> Smoodin an aa states that, in the wey it haes been viewed as bringin thegither traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".<ref>Smoodin (1993), p. 190.</ref> Animation historian [[Michael Barrier (historian)|Michael Barrier]] wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than ither "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age |url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr |last=Barrier |first=Michael |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-503759-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/hollywoodcartoon00barr/page/571 571]}}</ref> David Whitley writes in ''The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation'' that Belle is different frae earlier Disney heroines in that she is maistly free frae the burdens of domestic housework, awtho her role is somewhat undefined in the same wey that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley an aa notes ither themes and modren influences, sic as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards naitur, the cyborg-lik servants, an the faither's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.<ref>{{cite book|title=The idea of Nature in Disney Animation |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit |last=Whitley |first=David |year=2008 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-0-7546-6085-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofnatureindi0000whit/page/44 44]–57}}</ref> In 2010, [[IGN]] named ''Beauty and the Beast'' as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of ''[[WALL-E]]'', ''[[The Incredibles]]'', ''[[Toy Story 2]]'', and ''[[The Iron Giant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html |title=Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time |first1=Scott |last1=Collura |first2=Matt |last2=Fowler |first3=Eric |last3=Goldman |first4=Jesse |last4=Schedeen |first5=Phil |last5=Pirrello |first6=Cindy |last6=White |work=IGN |date=June 24, 2010 |accessdate=July 15, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100717064805/http://movies.ign.com/articles/650/650717p5.html| archivedate= July 17, 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Several critics regaird the 1991 animated film as superior tae the [[Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)|2017 live-action remake]]. [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation syne "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips an aa wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-beauty-and-the-beast-review-20170313-column.html |title='Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=March 14, 2017|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref> Dana Schwartz of the ''Observer'' criticized some of the 2017 film changes tae the characters lik Gaston and the Beast as regressive bi watterin down thair distinguishing personalities frae the 1991 film, an aa arguing that added backstory tae the characters in 2017 version ending up failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-changes-dan-stevens-emma-watson/]</ref> David Sims of ''The Atlantic'' wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it’s so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it’s hard not to notice".<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-remake-review/519603/]</ref> ===Box office=== During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145,863,363 in revenues in North America and $351,863,363 warldwide.<ref name="box office" /> It ranked as the third maist-successfu film of 1991 in North America, surpassed anly bi the simmer blockbusters ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' and ''[[Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1991&p=.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> At the time ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the maist successfu animated Disney film release, an the first animated film to reach $100 million in North America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/daily/movies/100million/article.htm|title=$100 Million Movies|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}</ref><ref name="http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large">{{cite web |url=http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |title=Disney's Animated "Beauty and the Beast" Celebrates 10th Anniversary with Worldwide Large Format Debut at Record 100 Theaters on Jan. 1 |publisher=The Tech Museum |accessdate=May 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |archivedate=January 3, 2013 |df= }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103194800/http://www.thetech.org/about-us/media-room/disneys-animated-beauty-and-beast-celebrates-10th-anniversary-worldwide-large |date=2013-01-03 }}</ref> In its [[IMAX]] re-release, it earned $25,487,190 in North America and $5,546,156 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $31,033,346.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautybeastimax.htm|publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]|title=Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)|accessdate=October 6, 2011}}</ref> It an aa earned $9,818,365 frae its 3D re-release overseas.<ref name="box office" /> During the openin weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, ''Beauty and the Beast'' grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind ''[[Contraband (2012 film)|Contraband]]'', and achieved the heichest openin weekend for an animated film in Januar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/box-office-report-contraband-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Box office report: 'Contraband' tops 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' with $24.1 mil |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=John |last=Young |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3348&p=.htm |title=Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend |publisher=Box Office Mojo |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The film wis expected to mak $17.5 million ower the weekend, houiver, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/01/15/beauty-and-the-beast-gives-3-d-another-big-boost-but-is-this-really-about-3-d-or-is-it-just-about-nostalgia |title='Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia? |work=Entertainment Weekly |publisher=Time |first=Josh |last=Rottenberg |date=January 15, 2012 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The re-release ended its run on Mey 3, 2012, an earned $47,617,067, which brocht the film's tot gross in North America to $218,967,620.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=beautyandthebeast3d.htm | title = Beauty and the Beast (3D) | work = [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> It made an estimatit $206,000,000 in ither territories, for a warldwide tot of $424,967,620.<ref name="box office" /> ===Accolades=== {{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}} Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" won the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], while Menken's score won the award for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Twa ither Menken and Ashman songs frae the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", war an aa nominated for Best Original Song.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that wad be repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Dreamgirls (film)|Dreamgirls]]'' (2006), and ''[[Enchanted (2007 film)|Enchanted]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars1992" /> Academy rules hae syne been changed to leemit each film to twa nominations in this category, due tae the consecutive unintentional failures of ''Dreamgirls'' and ''Enchanted'' to win the award.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> The film wis an aa nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] and [[Academy Award for Sound|Best Sound]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It wis the first animated film ever tae be nominated for Best Picture, an remained the anly animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field wis widened to ten nominees, an it remains the anly animated film nominated for the award when it haed five nominees.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It became the first musical in twal years tae be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture of the Year, follaein ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), and the last ane tae be nominated until ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' (2001), ten years later.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> It lost the Best Picture award to ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> With sax nominations, the film currently shares the record for the [[List of Academy Award records#Film records|maist nominations]] for an animated film with ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), awtho, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, ''Beauty and the Beast''{{'}}s nominations span anly fower categories, while ''WALL-E''{{'}}s nominations civer sax individual categories.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> While ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' wis the first tae be nominated, ''Beauty and the Beast'' became the first animated film to win the [[Golden Globe]] Award for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]].<ref name="Oscars1992" /> This feat wis later repeated bi ''[[The Lion King]]'' and ''[[Toy Story 2]]''.<ref name="Oscars1992" /> {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Award ! Date of ceremony ! Category ! Recipients and nominees ! Result |- | rowspan="6" | [[Academy Awards]]<ref name="Oscars1992">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1992 |title=The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners |accessdate=October 22, 2011|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | [[64th Academy Awards|Mairch 30, 1992]] | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | [[Don Hahn]] | rowspan="2" {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] | [[Terry Porter (sound engineer)|Terry Porter]], [[Mel Metcalfe]], [[David J. Hudson]] & [[Doc Kane]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Muisic, Original Score]] | [[Alan Menken]] | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Muisic, Original Song]] | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | [[Alan Menken]] & [[Howard Ashman]]<br />For the song "Belle" | {{nom}} |- | [[Chicago Film Critics Association]] | Februar 1992 | [[Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] | | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association]] | rowspan="2" | 1992 | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] | | {{no|3rd place}} |- | [[Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | | rowspan="3" {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" | [[Golden Globe Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|author=RopeofSilicon.com LLC |url=http://www.ropeofsilicon.com/goldenglobes/1992-golden-globe-award-winners/ |title=1992 Golden Globe Award Winners |publisher=Rope of Silicon |date=January 18, 1992 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> | rowspan="4" | [[49th Golden Globe Awards|Januar 18, 1992]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy|Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy]] | Don Hahn |- | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken |- | rowspan="2" | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song – Motion Picture]] | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Be Our Guest]]" | {{nom}} |- | Alan Menken and Howard Ashman<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" | [[Grammy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |title=1993 Grammy Nominations &#124; Grammy nominees - Baltimore Sun |publisher=Articles.baltimoresun.com |date=January 8, 1993 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-08/features/1993008073_1_eric-clapton-celine-dion-dion-and-peabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="8" | [[35th Annual Grammy Awards|Februar 18, 1993]] | [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] | | {{nom}} |- | [[Grammy Award for Record of the Year|Record of the Year]] | [[Celine Dion]] and [[Peabo Bryson]]<br />For the song "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]" | {{nom}} |- | Best Album for Childer | | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance bi a Group or Duo With Vocal | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Song of the Year | For "Beauty and the Beast" | {{nominated}} |- | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture | Alan Menken | rowspan="4" {{won}} |- | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | For "Beauty and the Beast" |- | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] | [[1991 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards|December 14, 1991]] | [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film|Best Animated Film]] | [[Gary Trousdale]] and [[Kirk Wise]] |- | [[Producers Guild of America]] | Mairch 4, 1992 | [[Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture|Darryl F. Zanuck Award for Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures]] | Don Hahn | {{nom}} |- |} In 2002, ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis added tae the United States [[National Film Registry]] as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In Juin 2008, the [[American Film Institute]] revealed its "[[AFI's 10 Top 10|Ten Top Ten]]" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of ower 1,500 fowk frae the creative community. ''Beauty and the Beast'' wis acknowledged as the 7t best film in the animation genre.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |title=AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres |work=ComingSoon.net |date=June 17, 2008 |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 |accessdate=August 18, 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080818100312/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072| archivedate= August 18, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html |title=Top Ten Animation |accessdate=June 18, 2008 |publisher=American Film Institute| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080619174154/http://www.afi.com/10top10/animation.html| archivedate= June 19, 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In previous lists, it ranked nummer 22 on the Institutes's [[AFI's 100 Years of Musicals|leet of best musicals]] and nummer 34 on its [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|leet of the best romantic American films]].<ref name="autogenerated2002">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/passions.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 PASSIONS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 11, 2002 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|the leet of the greatest songs frae American films]], ''Beauty and the Beast'' ranked nummer 62.<ref name="autogenerated2004">{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/songs.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 SONGS |publisher=Afi.com |date=June 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] recognition:''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/movies400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – No. 34<ref name="autogenerated2002" /> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains]]: ** Belle – Nominated Hero<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: ** "Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62<ref name="autogenerated2004" /> ** "Be Our Guest" – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/songs400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2015-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023552/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals]] – No. 22<ref>{{cite web|author=American Film Institute |url=http://www.afi.com/100years/musicals.aspx |title=AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS |publisher=Afi.com |date=September 3, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – Nominated<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|accessdate=October 12, 2012|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921090928/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/Movies_ballot_06.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] – No. 7 Animated film<ref name="AFI" /> ==Adaptations== ===Broadway musical=== Accordin to an article in ''[[The Houston Chronicle]]'', "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by ''The New York Times'' theater critic [[Frank Rich]] that praised ''Beauty and the Beast'' as 1991's best musical.... [[Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)|Theatre Under The Stars]] executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of ''Beauty'' about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end.... When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."<ref name="chronicle">{{cite news | last =Evans| first =Everett| title =Disney Debut; First stage musical, ''Beauty'', will test waters in Houston | page =8|work=The Houston Chronicle| date =November 28, 1993| url = | accessdate = August 26, 2007}}</ref> A stage condensation of the film, directed bi Robert Jess Roth and choreographed bi [[Matt West]], baith of whom moved on tae the Broadway development, haed already been presented at [[Disneyland]] at what wis then cried the Videopolis stage.<ref name="chronicle" /> ''Beauty and the Beast'' premiered in a jynt production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Muisic Hall, [[Houston]], Texas, frae November 28, 1993, throu December 26, 1993.<ref name="chronicle" /> On Monday, Apryle 18, 1994, ''[[Beauty and the Beast (musical)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' premiered on Broadway at the [[Palace Theatre, New York|Palace Theatre]] in New York City to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://newsok.com/sigmund-romberg-beauty-and-the-beast/article/3835413|title = Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast|date = July 29, 2012|accessdate = |website = NewsOK.com|publisher = NewsOK.com|last = Rogers|first = Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/theater/beauty-moving-from-palace-to-the-fontanne.html|title = 'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = |website = The New York Times|publisher = The New York Times Company|last = |first = }}</ref> The show transferred tae the [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]] on November 11, 1999.<ref name="playbill1">{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/beauty-and-the-beast-celebrates-sixth-anniversary-april-18-88585 |first=Robert |last=Simonson |title=Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18 |publisher=Playbill |date=April 18, 2000 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> The commercial (tho nae critical) success of the show led to productions in the [[West End theatre|West End]], [[Toronto]], and all ower the world.<ref name="playbill1" /> The Broadway version, which ran for ower a decade, received a [[Tony Award]], and became the first o a whole line of Disney stage productions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/08/entertainment/la-et-tony-show-numbers-20110608 |title=Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success |work= Los Angeles Times |date=June 8, 2011 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |first=Patrick |last=Pacheco}}</ref> The oreeginal Broadway cast included [[Terrence Mann]] as the Beast, [[Susan Egan]] as Belle, [[Burke Moses]] as Gaston, [[Gary Beach]] as Lumière, [[Heath Lamberts]] as Cogsworth, [[Tom Bosley]] as Maurice, [[Beth Fowler]] as Mrs. Potts, an [[Stacey Logan]] as Babette the feather duster.<ref name="playbill1" /> Mony well-kent actors and singers an aa starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, includin [[Kerry Butler]], [[Debbie Gibson]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Andrea McArdle]], [[Jamie-Lynn Sigler]], [[Christy Carlson Romano]], [[Ashley Brown]], and [[Anneliese van der Pol]] as Belle; [[Chuck Wagner]], [[James Stacy Barbour|James Barbour]], and [[Jeff McCarthy]] as the Beast; [[Meshach Taylor]], [[Patrick Page]], [[Bryan Batt]], [[Jacob Young]], and [[John Tartaglia]] as Lumière; and [[Marc Kudisch]], [[Christopher Sieber]], and [[Donny Osmond]] as Gaston.<ref name="playbill1" /> The show ended its Broadway run on Julie 29, 2007 efter 46 previews and 5,461 performances.<ref name="playbill1" /> As of 2016, it is Broadway's [[List of the longest-running Broadway shows|ninth longest-running show]] in history.<ref name="playbill1" /> ===Live-action film=== In Juin 2014, [[Walt Disney Pictures]] annoonced that a live-action film adaptation of the oreeginal film wis in the works, with [[Bill Condon]] directing and [[Evan Spiliotopoulos]] writing the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/04/bill-condon-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014 |first=Lindsey |last=Bahr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/bill-condon-beauty-and-the-beast-disney-1201151834/ |title=Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=June 4, 2014 |accessdate=June 5, 2014}}</ref> Condon oreeginally planned on nae anly drawing inspiration frae the oreeginal film, but an aa to include maist, if nae all, of the Menken/Rice songs frae the Broadway musical, with the intention of makin the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|title='Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)|publisher=Hitfix|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 5, 2014|archive-date=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204007/http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/twilight-director-bill-condon-to-translate-disneys-beauty-and-the-beat-to-live-action#XlmGEuY4YfavH3C3.99|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, it wis annoonced that [[Stephen Chbosky]] (''[[The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)|The Perks of Being a Wallflower]]'') wad re-write the script.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/09/29/perks-of-being-a-wallflower-stephen-chbosky-beauty-and-the-beast |title='Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Nicole |last=Sperling |date=September 29, 2014 |accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref> In Januar 2015, [[Emma Watson]] annoonced on her [[Facebook]] page that she wad portray Belle in the new live action remake film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/01/26/emma-watson-will-be-disneys-new-belle-in-live-action-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast' |publisher=Entertainment Weekly |first=Esther |last=Zuckerman |date=January 26, 2015 |accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref> In Mairch 2015, [[Dan Stevens]], [[Luke Evans (actor)|Luke Evans]], [[Emma Thompson]], [[Josh Gad]], [[Audra McDonald]], and [[Kevin Kline]] jynt the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, LeFou, Garderobe, an Maurice, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/luke-evans-to-play-gaston-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-1201446186/ |title=Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=variety.com |date=March 4, 2015 |accessdate=March 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/disneys-beauty-beast-casts-dan-779323|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Hollywood Reporter|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/josh-gad-joining-disneys-live-781061?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A |title=Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=hollywoodreporter.com |date=March 13, 2015 |accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Thompson&Kline">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Esther|title=Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/16/emma-thompson-will-play-mrs-potts-disneys-beauty-and-beast|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> The follaein month, [[Ian McKellen]], [[Ewan McGregor]], [[Stanley Tucci]], and [[Gugu Mbatha-Raw]] jynt the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, an Plumette, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/428907-ian-mckellen-to-play-cogsworth-in-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast |title=Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=April 10, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/ewan-mcgregor-play-lumiere-beauty-790480 |title='Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/stanley-tucci-beauty-and-the-beast-casting-1201476986/ |title=Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)|publisher=Variety |date=April 21, 2015 |accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-gugu-mbatha-raw-plumette-1201470581 |title='Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE) |publisher=Variety |date=April 13, 2015 |accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> Composer [[Alan Menken]] returned to score the film's muisic, with new material written bi Menken and [[Tim Rice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Disney’s Live-Action ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Set for March 17, 2017|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-disney-live-action-2017-1201453646/|accessdate=March 16, 2015|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> In Juin 2015, Menken said the film wad nae include the songs that war written for the Broadway musical.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605 |title=Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included |publisher=broadwayworld.com |date=June 5, 2015 |accessdate=June 5, 2015 |archive-date=9 Juin 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609011837/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Alan-Menken-Confirms-3-New-Songs-for-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Film-Broadway-Tunes-Will-Not-Be-Included-20150605|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filmin began on Mey 18, 2015 in [[London]], and production offeecially wrapped in August 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collider.com/allegiant-movie-ending-beauty-and-the-beast-todd-lieberman/ |title=Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST |publisher=collider.com |date=March 7, 2015 |accessdate=March 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|accessdate=June 10, 2016|publisher=Broadway World|date=August 27, 2015|archive-date=29 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829231250/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Disneys-Live-Action-BEAUTY-AND-THE-BEAST-Officially-Wraps-Production-20150827|url-status=dead}}</ref> The film wis released on Mairch 17, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/420081-emma-thompson-and-kevin-kline-join-beauty-and-the-beast-release-date-set |title=Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set |publisher=comingsoon.net |date=March 16, 2015 |accessdate=March 16, 2015}}</ref> ==Merchandise== ''Beauty and the Beast'' merchandise civer a wide variety of products, amang them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic beuk based on the film published bi [[Disney Comics]], toys, childer's costumes, an ither items. In addition, the character of Belle haes been integrated intae the "[[Disney Princess]]" line of Disney's [[Disney Consumer Products|Consumer Products division]], and appears on merchandise relatit to that franchise.<ref name="disney1">{{cite web |url=http://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |title=Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog |publisher=Disneyparks.disney.go.com |date= |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817143054/https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2013/08/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-continues-inspiring-new-merchandise-coming-to-disney-parks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1995, a live-action childer's series entitled ''[[Sing Me a Story with Belle]]'' began running in syndication, remainin on the air throu 1999. Twa direct-to-video followups (which tak place during the timeline depicted in the oreeginal film) war produced bi [[Disney Television Animation|Walt Disney Television Animation]]: ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' in 1997 and ''[[Belle's Magical World]]'' in 1998; in contrast tae the universal acclaim of the oreeginal, reception tae the sequels wis extremely negative. [[Disney on Ice]] produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show wis sic a huge commercial and critical success, touring aroond the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special wis made when it toured Spain in 1994.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |title=You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It &#124; ARTery |publisher=Artery.wbur.org |date=February 15, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406080106/http://artery.wbur.org/2014/02/15/disney-on-ice |url-status=dead }}</ref> The show ended its run in 2006, efter 14 years.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ===Video gemmes=== There are several video gemmes that are loosely based on the film: The first video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty and the Beast'' and is an [[Action game|action]] [[Platform game|platformer]] developed bi [[Probe Software]]<ref name="MobyGames">{{cite web | url = http://www.mobygames.com/game/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast_| title = Release information | publisher = [[MobyGames]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008}}</ref> and published bi [[Hudson Soft]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]]. It wis released in Europe in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]] | accessdate = May 2, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231074633/http://gamefaqs.com/console/nes/data/587127.html | archivedate=December 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Gaston (Disney)|Gaston]] is the final boss of the game acause he wants to kill the Beast and mairy Belle.<ref name="MobyGames" /> The seicont video game based on the film wis titled ''Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest'' and is an action platformer for the [[Sega Genesis]]. Developed bi [[Software Creations (UK)|Software Creations]], the game wis released in North America in 1993.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = August 27, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324084458/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/genesis/data/586056.html | archivedate=March 24, 2009}}</ref> It is ane of twa video gemmes based on the film that [[Sunsoft]] published for the Genesis, the ither being ''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast''. Characters frae the film lik Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live [[happy ending|happily ever efter]]. To succeed, she must explore the veelage, forest, castle, an snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-gemmes while ducking or jumping ower enemies. Belle's heal is represented bi a stack of blue beuks, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, an ither hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and ither items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can uise a code to stairt the game at ony of the seven levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728235201/https://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-belles-quest/screenshots |url-status=dead }}</ref> The third video game based on the film wis titled '''Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast'' and is a [[side-scrolling]] video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/genesis/disneys-beauty-and-the-beast-roar-of-the-beast |title=Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993) |publisher=MobyGames |accessdate=August 14, 2011}}</ref> The fourth video game based on the film was titled ''Disney's Beauty and the Beast'' and is an action platformer for the [[SNES]]. It was developed by Probe Entertainment and published by Hudson Soft in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23, 1995. The game was published by [[Virgin Interactive]] in Japan on July 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html| title = Release information | publisher = [[GameFAQs]]| accessdate = May 16, 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930181734/http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/snes/data/588215.html | archivedate=September 30, 2009}}</ref> The entire game is played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston. The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.<ref>{{cite news|last= |first= |title=ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast|work=[[GamePro]]|issue=61|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|date=August 1994|page=58}}</ref> The fift video game based on the film wis titled ''Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure'' and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the [[Game Boy Color]]. It was released on October 25, 1999. The video game series ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", alang with several of the film's characters. In [[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|the first game]], the world haes been destroyed and Belle kidnapped bi the Heartless, led bi [[Maleficent]], but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with [[Sora (Kingdom Hearts)|Sora]] to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the ither captured princesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_1_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 1 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> In ''[[Kingdom Hearts II]]'', the world haes syne been restored follaein Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are haein difficulties due tae the enigmatic Xaldin of [[Organization XIII]] attemptin to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him intae a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora ance again to defeat Xaldin ance and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back intae the Prince. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days]]'', the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In ''[[Kingdom Hearts χ]]'', the world is featured again and follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice and the Wardrobe. Gaston and Maurice do not appear until ''Kingdom Hearts χ'', which takes place before the main series. After Gaston is defeated, the world's primary antagonist becomes Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of ''Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas''.<ref name="autogeneratedii">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/wikis/kingdom-hearts-ii/Part_2_-_Beast%27s_Castle |title=Part 2 - Beast's Castle - Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide |publisher=IGN |date=March 28, 2006 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> == Notes == {{notes}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{wikiquote}} {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website|http://movies.disney.com/beauty-and-the-beast}} * {{IMDb title|0101414|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Allrovi movie|4522|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|beauty_and_the_beast_1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Metacritic film|beauty-and-the-beast-1991|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Mojo title|beautyandthebeast|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Tcmdb title|68299|Beauty and the Beast}} * {{Bcdb title|5|Beauty and the Beast}} {{Walt Disney Animation Studios}} {{GoldenGlobeBestMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981-2000}} [[Category:1990s American animatit films]] [[Category:1991 animatit films]] [[Category:1990s comedy-drama films]] [[Category:1990s fantasie films]] [[Category:1990s muisical films]] [[Category:3D re-releases]] [[Category:American animatit fantasie films]] [[Category:American bairns' animatit films]] [[Category:American comedy-drama films]] [[Category:American muisical fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic fantasie films]] [[Category:American romantic muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit films aboot daith]] [[Category:Animatit muisical films]] [[Category:Animatit romance films]] [[Category:Annie Award winners]] [[Category:Best Animatit Featur Annie Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Muisical or Comedy Pictur Gowden Globe winners]] [[Category:Directorial debut films]] [[Category:Disney's Beauty and the Beast| ]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Films aboot bibliophilia]] [[Category:Films aboot shapeshifting]] [[Category:Films aboot narcissism]] [[Category:Films based on fairy tales]] [[Category:Films directit bi Gary Trousdale]] [[Category:Films directit bi Kirk Wise]] [[Category:Films featurin anthropomorphic chairacters]] [[Category:Films produced bi Don Hahn]] [[Category:Film scores bi Alan Menken]] [[Category:Films set in Fraunce]] [[Category:Films set in the 18th century]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]] [[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Sang Academy Awaird]] [[Category:IMAX films]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Joe Ranft]] [[Category:Screenplays bi Linda Woolverton]] [[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Animation Studios films]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:Witchcraft in film]] s15m9rlabukeoo13mr35xg6xomss0iy 0 80907 925735 849791 2026-11-04T21:27:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 925735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |image = Rachel Weisz 2012.jpg |caption = Weisz at a shawin o ''[[The Bourne Legacy (film)|The Bourne Legacy]]'' at the 2012 [[Deauville American Film Fest]]. |birth_name = Rachel Hannah Weisz |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|03|07|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Lunnon]], Ingland |citizenship = Inglis<br/>American |occupation = Actress, Fashion model |years_active = 1984–present (modelin)<br />1992–present (actin) |children = 1 |alma_mater = [[Trinity Hall, Cambrig]] |spouse = {{marriage| [[Daniel Craig]]|2011}} |partner = [[Darren Aronofsky]]<br />(2001–2010) }} '''Rachel Hannah Weisz''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|aɪ|s}} {{respell|VYS|'}};<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2009/05/rachel_weisz_is_going_to_start.html|title=Rachel Weisz Is Going to Start Correcting People on How to Pronounce Her Last Name|first=Kyle|last=Landman|work=New York|date=5 August 2009|accessdate=7 March 2011|archivedate=2012-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021113441/http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2009/05/rachel_weisz_is_going_to_start.html|deadurl=no|url-status=live}}</ref> born 7 Mairch 1970)<ref>Thare are conflictin soorces for the year o Weisz' birth. In pairticular her detailed biography o Weisz at the British Film Institute (Alexander Larman: [http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1174895/index.html ''Weisz, Rachel (1971–)'']) states 1971 an so daes [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/feb/03/film.edvulliamy a biographic article in ''The Guardian''] an several ither Breetish newspapers. In particular The ''Evening Standard'' o 6 Mairch 2006 (Nick Curtis: ''A Taxing Issue for Partygoers; the Oscars Diary'') claims that Weisz herself gies 1971 as her year o birth. Nevertheless accordin tae offeecial records her date o birth wis registered in 1970 (see [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/england-and-wales/results?recordType=GRO&route=X&event=B&fromYear=1968&toYear=1972&forenames=rachel%20hannah&surname=weisz&includeSurnameVariants=false&includeForenamesVariants=false&performExactSearch=false "Births from 1968 to 1972"] at http://www.findmypast.co.uk or General Records Office Reference: Name: Rachel Hannah Weisz, mothers maiden name: Teich, District: Westminster, Vol: 5e, Page: 2432). In addition the database entry o the Breetish Film Institute ({{cite web|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/389132|title=BFI Film & TV Database: WEISZ, Rachel|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=7 March 2011|archive-date=2011-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108014653/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/389132|url-status=dead}}) an a mair recent airticle in ''Time'' magazine (Mary Pols, 26 March 2012, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2109136,00.html "Rolling in The Deep"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814030640/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2109136,00.html |date=2013-08-14 }}) gie 1970 as well.</ref> is an Inglis film an theatre actress an umwhile fashion model. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Weisz, Rachel}} [[Category:Actresses frae Lunnon]] [[Category:Alumni o Trinity Hall, Cambridge]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actress Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actress Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Actors o Hungarian strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Hungarian-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:Inglis fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners]] [[Category:Inglis female models]] [[Category:Inglis film actresses]] [[Category:Inglis Jews]] [[Category:Inglis stage actresses]] [[Category:Breetish emigrants tae the Unitit States]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Austrick-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Hungarian-Jewish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American female models]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American Jews]] [[Category:American stage actresses]] [[Category:Evening Standard Awaird for Best Actress]] [[Category:Inglis televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Jewish Breetish actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:Jewish American actresses]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Benenden Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at North Lunnon Collegiate Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at St Paul's Girls' Schuil]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wastmeenster]] [[Category:1970 births]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis actresses]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis actresses]] [[Category:Jewish female models]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Kent]] l4c0o92s5axxrb7ymsy484hnta6oaxo 0 81994 925727 897455 2026-11-04T21:18:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spanish name|Cambiasso|Deleau}} {{Infobox fitbaw biography | name = Esteban Cambiasso | image = Esteban Cambiasso - 2011.jpg | caption = Cambiasso wi [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] in 2011 | fullname = Esteban Matías Cambiasso Deleau | height = {{Height|m=1.77|precision=0}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/esteban-cambiasso |title=Barclays Premier League Player Profile Esteban Cambiasso |date=2014 |work=web page |publisher=Premier League |accessdate=6 November 2012 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108051733/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/esteban-cambiasso |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|8|18|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], Argentinae | position = [[Defensive midfielder]] | youthyears1 = 1995–1996 | youthclubs1 = [[Argentinos Juniors]] | youthyears2 = 1996–1998 | youthclubs2 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid]] | years1 = 1996–1998 | clubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla|Real Madrid B]] | caps1 = 42 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 1998–2001 | clubs2 = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] | caps2 = 98 | goals2 = 14 | years3 = 2001–2002 | clubs3 = [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]] | caps3 = 37 | goals3 = 12 | years4 = 2002–2004 | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps4 = 41 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2004–2014 | clubs5 = [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] | caps5 = 315 | goals5 = 41 | years6 = 2014–2015 | clubs6 = [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] | caps6 = 31 | goals6 = 5 | years7 = 2015–2017 | clubs7 = [[Olympiacos F.C.|Olympiacos]] | caps7 = 28 | goals7 = 2 | totalcaps = 592 | totalgoals = 78 | nationalyears1 = 1995 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-17 fitbaw team|Argentinae U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 1997–1999 | nationalteam2 = [[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|Argentinae U20]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2000–2011 | nationalteam3 = [[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Argentinae]] | nationalcaps3 = 52 | nationalgoals3 = 5 | medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[U-20 Sooth American Championship]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[1997 Sooth American U-20 Championship|1997 Chile]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|U-20 Team]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[1999 Sooth American U-20 Championship|1999 Argentinae]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 Warld Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[1997 FIFA Warld Youth Championship|1997 Malaysie]]|[[Argentinae naitional unner-20 fitbaw team|U-20 Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2007 Copa América|2007 Venezuela]]|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|2005 Germany]]|[[Argentinae naitional fitbaw team|Team]]}} }} '''Esteban Matias Cambiasso Deleau''' (born 18 August 1980), nicknamed ''"Cuchu"'' ([[Rioplatense Spaingie]]: ''Auld man''), is an Argentine reteert [[association fitbaw|fitbaw]] [[Midfielder#Central midfielder|midfielder]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Navboxes colour |title=Awairds |bg=gold |fg=navy |list1= {{Pirata d'Oro}} {{Leicester City F.C. Player of the Year}} }} {{Navboxes colour |title= Argentinae squads |bg= #75aadb |fg= white |bordercolor= silver |list1= {{Argentina Squad Confederations Cup 2005}} {{Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup}} {{Argentina squad 2007 Copa América}} {{Argentina Squad 2011 Copa América}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambiasso, Esteban}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Buenos Aires]] [[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]] [[Category:Argentine fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Argentinae internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw midfielders]] [[Category:Argentinos Juniors fitbawers]] [[Category:Club Atlético Independiente fitbawers]] [[Category:Inter Milan players]] [[Category:Real Madrid Castilla fitbawers]] [[Category:Real Madrid CF players]] [[Category:River Plate fitbawers]] [[Category:Leicester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Olympiacos F.C. players]] [[Category:La Liga players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Superleague Greece players]] [[Category:2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:2007 Copa América players]] [[Category:2011 Copa América players]] [[Category:Argentine Primera División players]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Spain]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Italy]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Greece]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Italy]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in Spain]] [[Category:Argentine expatriate sportsfowk in the Unitit Kinrick]] nsgj6vas8uh4p9br4feqxvb00oqdz5t 0 82649 925725 925715 2026-11-04T21:16:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced|date=November 2026}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Bojayá |settlement_type = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun |image_map = Colombia - Chocó - Bojayá.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location o the municipality an toun o Bojayá in the Chocó Depairtment o Colombie. |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Colombie |subdivision_type = Kintra |subdivision_name = {{flag|Colombie}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Chocó]] |timezone = Colombie Staundart Time |utc_offset = -5 }} '''Bojayá''' ({{IPA-es|boxaˈʝa}}) is a toun in [[Chocó]], [[Colombie]]. It is locatit at aroond {{coord|6|31|25|N|76|58|28|W}}. The [[Bojayá massacre]] occurred here in 2002. ==References== {{Municipalities choco depairtment}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bojaya}} [[Category:Municipalities o Chocó]] [[Category:Populatit places in Chocó]] cmxhntsdx130jvc8moxsib0thusajwh 0 85429 925726 925719 2026-11-04T21:17:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced}} {{Infobox fitbaw club | clubname = Lekhwiya SC | fullname = Lekhwiya Sports Club | nickname = ''Internal Security Force'' <br> ''The Red Knights'' | founded = {{Start date and age|2009}} | ground = [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]] (Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Stadium)<br>[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] | capacity = 10,221 | chairman = <small>[[Sheikh]]</small> [[Abdullah bin Nasser bin Abdullah Al Ahmed Al Thani|Abdullah al Thani]] | manager = [[Nabil Maâloul]] | league = [[Qatar Stars League]] | season = 2025-26 | position = 5th | pattern_la1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes||pattern_b1=_whiteshoulders|pattern_ra1=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes | leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=FF0000|socks1=FF0000|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_white | pattern_la2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes|pattern_b2=_redshoulders|pattern_ra2=_shoulder_stripes_red_stripes | leftarm2=C0C0C0|body2=C0C0C0|rightarm2=C0C0C0|shorts2=C0C0C0|socks2=C0C0C0|pattern_so1=_3_stripes_red | website = http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ }} '''Lekhwiya Sports Club''' ({{lang-ar|نادي لخويا الرياضي}}) is a [[Qatar]]i [[sports club]], best kent for its [[fitbaw]] team, thit plays in the [[Qatar Stars League]]. The club is based in the ceety o [[Doha]] an plays its hame gemmes at [[Lekhwiya Sports Stadium]]. It is the first team in Qatari fitbaw tae win the first diveesion title on its debut saison. ==Achievements== *'''Qatargas League''' : Winners (1): 2009–10 *'''[[Qatar Stars League]]''' : Winners (8): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2022–23 *'''Crown Prince Cup''' : Winners (1): 2013 ==Freemit airtins== * [http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ Offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206051615/http://lekhwiyaclub.qa/ |date=2011-12-06 }} {{Stub/Sport}}{{Stub/Qatar}} [[Category:Lekhwiya SC| ]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Qatar]] [[Category:Fitbaw clubs in Doha]] [[Category:Association fitbaw clubs established in 2009]] [[Category:Multi-sport clubs in Qatar]] bs5yfzpo542g99qiqpdfr4ypvz8z177 0 152309 925723 925679 2026-11-04T21:14:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox fitbaw biography |name = Romelu Lukaku |image = Romelu Lukaku Fenerbahçe 20261103 (1).JPG |image_size = 200 |caption = Lukaku trainin wi [[Fenerbahçe S.K. (fitbaw)|Fenerbahçe]] in 2026 |fullname = Romelu Menama Lukaku<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=Romelu Menama Lukaku|url=http://www.soccerway.com/players/romelo-lukaku/79495/|work=Soccerway|publisher=Global Sports Media|accessdate=3 August 2011}}</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|05|13|df=y}}<ref name="Soccerway"/> |birth_place = [[Antwerp]], Belgium |height = {{convert|1.90|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/romelu-lukaku|title=Player Profile: Romelu Lukaku|publisher=Premier League|accessdate=31 July 2012|archive-date=2016-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529220526/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.html/romelu-lukaku|url-status=dead}}</ref> |position = [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Striker|Striker]] | currentclub = [[Inter Milan]] | clubnumber = 9 |youthyears1 = 1999–2003 |youthclubs1 = [[K. Rupel Boom F.C.|Rupel Boom]] |youthyears2 = 2003–2004 |youthclubs2 = KFC Wintam |youthyears3 = 2004–2006 |youthclubs3 = [[Lierse S.K.|Lierse]] |youthyears4 = 2006–2009 |youthclubs4 = [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] | years1 = 2009–2011 |clubs1 = [[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] |caps1 = 73 |goals1 = 33 | years2 = 2011–2014 |clubs2 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |caps2 = 10 |goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2012–2013 |clubs3 = → [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]] (loan) |caps3 = 35 |goals3 = 17 | years4 = 2013–2014 |clubs4 = → [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] (loan) |caps4 = 31 |goals4 = 15 | years5 = 2014–2017 |clubs5 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |caps5 = 110 |goals5 = 53 | years6 = 2017–2019 |clubs6 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |caps6 = 66 |goals6 = 28 | years7 = 2019– |clubs7 = [[Inter Milan]] |caps7 = 8 |goals7 = 5<!-- LEAGUE ONLY --> | nationalyears1 = 2008 | nationalteam1 = [[Belgium naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Belgium U15]] | nationalcaps1 = 4 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2011 | nationalteam2 = [[Belgium naitional unner-18 fitbaw team|Belgium U18]] | nationalcaps2 = 1 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2009 | nationalteam3 = [[Belgium naitional unner-21 fitbaw team|Belgium U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 5 | nationalgoals3 = 1 | nationalyears4 = 2010– | nationalteam4 = [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium]] | nationalcaps4 = 83 | nationalgoals4 = 51 | club-update = 12:38, 20 October 2019 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 20:55, 10 October 2019 (UTC) }} '''Romelu Menama Lukaku''' (born 13 Mey 1993) is a Belgian professional [[Association fitbaw|fitbawer]] wha plays as a [[Forrit (association fitbaw)#Striker|striker]] for [[Premier League]] club [[Chelsea]] an the [[Belgium naitional fitbaw team|Belgium naitional team]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Navboxes | title = Awairds | bg = Gold | list1 = {{2016–17 Premier League PFA Team of the Year}} {{Ebony Shoe}} {{Belgian First Division top scorers}} {{UEFA Europa League top scorers}} {{Everton F.C. Player of the Year}} {{Belgian Sportsperson of the Year}} }} {{Inter Milan squad}} {{Navboxes | title = Belgium squads | bg = #E20E0E | fg = #FDDA25 | bordercolor = black | list1 = {{Belgium squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Belgium squad UEFA Euro 2016}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lukaku, Romelu}} [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Antwerp]] [[Category:Sportsfowk frae Antwerp]] [[Category:Belgian fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium youth internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium unner-21 internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgium internaitional fitbawers]] [[Category:Belgian expatriate fitbawers]] [[Category:Association fitbaw forrits]] [[Category:R.S.C. Anderlecht players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] [[Category:West Bromwich Albion F.C. players]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:Belgian First Diveesion A players]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Belgian fowk o Democratic Republic o the Congo strynd]] [[Category:Expatriate fitbawers in Ingland]] [[Category:Belgian expatriates in Ingland]] [[Category:2014 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA Warld Cup players]] [[Category:Manchester United F.C. players]] [[Category:Inter Milan players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] ecbqup36qdtk46b7jhhrpzxtnzk18bs 0 154425 925736 888565 2026-11-04T21:28:25Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 925736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Gillian Anderson 2013 (cropped).jpg | caption = Anderson at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic Con International]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|8|9}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S. | residence = [[Lunnon]], Ingland, UK | alma_mater = [[DePaul Varsity]], B.F.A. 1990<br>[[National Theatre of Great Britain]] | occupation = Actress, activist, writer, producer, director | years_active = 1986–present | spouse = {{marriage|[[Clyde Klotz|Errol Clyde Klotz]]|1994|1997}}<br>{{marriage|Julian Ozanne|2004|2006}} | partner = Mark Griffiths (2006–12) | children = 3 | website = {{url|gilliananderson.ws/|GillianAnderson.ws}} }} '''Gillian Leigh Anderson''' (born 9 August 1968)<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who|surname=ANDERSON|othernames=Gillian Leigh|id=U259257|volume=2015|edition=online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_entertainment-weekly_2013-08-09_1271/page/22|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013|issue=1271|pages=22}}</ref> is an American-British film, telly an theatre actress, activist an writer. Her credits include the roles o [[Dana Scully|FBI Special Agent Dana Scully]] in the lang-runnin an widely popular series ''[[The X-Files]]'', ill-fatit socialite Lily Bart in [[Terence Davies]]' film ''[[The House of Mirth (2000 film)|The House of Mirth]]'' (2000), an Lady Dedlock in the successfu [[BBC]] production o Charles Dickens' ''[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]''. Amang ither honours, Anderson haes wan a [[Primetime Emmy Awairds|Primetime Emmy Awaird]], a [[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globe Awaird]] an twa [[Screen Actors Guild Awaird]]s. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, Gillian}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Actresses frae Grand Rapids, Michigan]] [[Category:Actresses frae Chicago]] [[Category:Actresses frae Illinois]] [[Category:Actresses frae Lunnon]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American feminists]] [[Category:American feminist writers]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American human richts activists]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American sel-help writers]] [[Category:American stage actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:American televeesion writers]] [[Category:American video gemme actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:American weemen activists]] [[Category:American weemen's richts activists]] [[Category:American weemen writers]] [[Category:Ainimal richts advocates]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Drama Actress Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:DePaul Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Eddication activists]] [[Category:Evening Standard Awaird for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:HIV/AIDS activists]] [[Category:Illinois Democrats]] [[Category:Indigenous richts activists]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Crouch End]] [[Category:Weemen science feection an fantasy writers]] [[Category:Weemen televeesion directors]] [[Category:Weemen televeesion writers]] [[Category:Writers frae Lunnon]] rqp430hcu4aab5bqd28n58erayc5h5o 925737 925736 2026-11-04T21:29:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image = Gillian Anderson 2013 (cropped).jpg | caption = Anderson at the 2013 [[San Diego Comic Con Internaitional]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|8|9}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], U.S. | residence = [[Lunnon]], Ingland | alma_mater = [[DePaul University]], B.F.A. 1990<br>[[Naitional Theatre o Great Breetain]] | occupation = Actress, activist, writer, producer, director | years_active = 1986–present | spouse = {{marriage|[[Clyde Klotz|Errol Clyde Klotz]]|1994|1997}}<br>{{marriage|Julian Ozanne|2004|2006}} | partner = Mark Griffiths (2006–12) | children = 3 | website = {{url|gilliananderson.ws/|GillianAnderson.ws}} }} '''Gillian Leigh Anderson''' (born 9 August 1968)<ref name=whoswho>{{Who's Who|surname=ANDERSON|othernames=Gillian Leigh|id=U259257|volume=2015|edition=online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_entertainment-weekly_2013-08-09_1271/page/22|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=August 9, 2013|issue=1271|pages=22}}</ref> is an American-British film, telly an theatre actress, activist an writer. Her credits include the roles o [[Dana Scully|FBI Special Agent Dana Scully]] in the lang-runnin an widely popular series ''[[The X-Files]]'', ill-fatit socialite Lily Bart in [[Terence Davies]]' film ''[[The House of Mirth (2000 film)|The House of Mirth]]'' (2000), an Lady Dedlock in the successfu [[BBC]] production o Charles Dickens' ''[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]''. Amang ither honours, Anderson haes wan a [[Primetime Emmy Awairds|Primetime Emmy Awaird]], a [[Gowden Globe Awairds|Gowden Globe Awaird]] an twa [[Screen Actors Guild Awaird]]s. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, Gillian}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Actresses frae Grand Rapids, Michigan]] [[Category:Actresses frae Chicago]] [[Category:Actresses frae Illinois]] [[Category:Actresses frae Lunnon]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:American feminists]] [[Category:American feminist writers]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American humanitarians]] [[Category:American human richts activists]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American sel-help writers]] [[Category:American stage actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:American televeesion writers]] [[Category:American video gemme actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:American weemen activists]] [[Category:American weemen's richts activists]] [[Category:American weemen writers]] [[Category:Ainimal richts advocates]] [[Category:Audio beuk narrators]] [[Category:Best Drama Actress Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:DePaul Varsity alumni]] [[Category:Eddication activists]] [[Category:Evening Standard Awaird for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:HIV/AIDS activists]] [[Category:Illinois Democrats]] [[Category:Indigenous richts activists]] [[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Female Actor in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Crouch End]] [[Category:Weemen science feection an fantasy writers]] [[Category:Weemen televeesion directors]] [[Category:Weemen televeesion writers]] [[Category:Writers frae Lunnon]] 9o46mg7z71ggwmwtbyz3vb2edzc2gso 0 171386 925729 911396 2026-11-04T21:21:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 925729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | name = Eric Idle | image = Eric Idle with Guitar 2012.jpg | caption = Idle in 2012 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|3|29}} | birth_place = [[Sooth Shields]], [[Coonty Durham]], Ingland, Unitit Kinrick | residence =[[Vermont]], [[Unitit States]] | alma_mater = [[Pembroke College, Cambrig]] | occupation = Actor, componer, comedian, muisicker, sangster-sangwriter, scriever | years_active = 1967–present | notable_works = [[Monty Python]], [[The Rutles]], ''[[Spamalot]]'' | spouse = {{marriage|[[Lyn Ashley]]|1969|1975|reason=divorced}}<br/>{{marriage|Tania Kosevich|1981}} | children = Carey (b. 1973)<br/>Lily (b. 1990) | parents = Nora Barron Idle <br/> Ernest Idle | website ={{url|ericidle.com/}} }} '''Eric Idle''' (born 29 Mairch 1943) is an Inglis comedian, actor, vyce actor, author, sangster-sangwriter, muisicker, writer an comedic componer. Idle is a member o the Breetish surreal comedy group [[Monty Python]], a member o [[The Rutles]] an the author o the Broadway muisical ''[[Spamalot]]''. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Idle, Eric}} [[Category:1943 births]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis male actors]] [[Category:20t-century componers]] [[Category:20t-century Inglis novelists]] [[Category:20t-century sangsters]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis male actors]] [[Category:21st-century componers]] [[Category:21st-century Inglis novelists]] [[Category:21st-century sangsters]] [[Category:Actors frae Coonty Durham]] [[Category:Alumni o Pembroke College, Cambridge]] [[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]] [[Category:Inglis comedy muisickers]] [[Category:Inglis comedy writers]] [[Category:Inglis dramatists an playwrichts]] [[Category:Breetish expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Inglis male film actors]] [[Category:Inglis male comedians]] [[Category:Inglis muisical theatre componers]] [[Category:Inglis male componers]] [[Category:Inglis male radio actors]] [[Category:Inglis sangster-sangwriters]] [[Category:Inglis male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Inglis televeesion writers]] [[Category:Inglis male vyce actors]] [[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Monty Python members]] [[Category:Muisickers frae Tyne an Wear]] [[Category:Fowk frae South Shields]] [[Category:Fowk frae Wolverhampton]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at the Royal Wolverhampton School]] [[Category:The Rutles members]] [[Category:Male screenwriters]] [[Category:Inglis male dramatists an playwrichts]] [[Category:Inglis male novelists]] 7ysi02xl9j591cyjc57b511bmu1x0r7 0 179508 925743 900520 2026-11-05T06:06:11Z MrKeefeJohn 65242 925743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_horse_and_the_hound_-_their_various_uses_and_treatment,_including_practical_illustrations_in_horsemanship_and_a_treatise_on_horse-dealing_(1842)_(14759672926).jpg|thumb|Illustration of a Galloway Pony from 1842.]] [[File:Galloway pony.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Galloway Pony.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Pictdrinkinghorn.jpg|thumb]] The '''Gallowa pownie''' is a wede awa horse breed, ance hamel tae [[Scotland]] an northren [[Ingland]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=says|first=SleepingDog|date=2024-06-10|title=Invisible Ancestor: The Galloway Nag and its Legacy|url=https://bellacaledonia.org.uk/2024/06/10/invisible-ancestor-the-galloway-nag-and-its-legacy/|access-date=2024-11-25|website=Bella Caledonia|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Equinest|first=The|date=2010-08-09|title=Galloway Pony|url=https://theequinest.com/breeds/galloway-pony|access-date=2024-11-25|website=Horse Breeds|language=en}}</ref> {{stub/Scotland}} == References == <references /> [[Category:Horse breeds oreeginatin in Scotland]] [[Category:Gallowa]] [[Category:Horse breeds]] nww7vz5l11y18j1qhyknspcho7ujoy3 0 187915 925739 880857 2026-11-04T21:31:04Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 925739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Stuart MacBride | image = Stuart MacBride 2019.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|2|27|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Dumbairton]], Scotland | occupation = [[Novelist]] | nationality = Scots | genre = [[Crime fiction|Crime]] / [[Science fiction|Sci-fi]] | notableworks = Logan McRae series | spouse = Fiona MacBride | website = {{URL|http://www.stuartmacbride.com}} }} '''Stuart MacBride''' is a Scots [[writer]], maist weel-kent fur his [[crime fiction|crime thriller]]s set in the "Granite Ceety" o [[Aiberdeen]] an featurin Detective Sergeant Logan McRae. He bides in northeast Scotland wi his wife Fiona an thair cat Grendal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lovereading.co.uk/author/796 |title=Stuart MacBride |publisher=Love Reading |accessdate=25 August 2007}}</ref> ==Biographie== Stuart MacBride wis born 27 Februar 1969 in [[Dumbairton]], Scotland and upbrocht in [[Aiberdeen]]. He had mony careers, includin cleanin cludgies ooterly, graphic an wab design, an computer programmin.<ref name="themysteryreader">{{cite web |url=http://www.themysteryreader.com/nf-macbride.html |title=New Faces 42 - Stuart MacBride |publisher=The Mystery Reader |first=Cathy |last=Sova |access-date=25 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927154246/http://www.themysteryreader.com/nf-macbride.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He studied airchitectur at [[Heriot-Watt Varsity]].<ref name="Wanner2013">{{cite book |last=Wanner |first=Len |title=The Crime Interviews: Volume One: Bestselling Authors Talk About Writing Crime Fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mc-cAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |year=2013 |publisher=Blasted Heath |isbn=978-1-908688-20-0 |p=30}}</ref> MacBride siccart a furthsettin deal wi his novelle ''Halfhead''; housomeiver, the publishers teuk an interest in ''Cold Granite'', concernin DS Logan McRae. He wis subscrieved fur a threy-beuk deal, that wis stentit tae sax beuks. In 2009, he wis subscrieved fur twa mair MacRae novelles as weel as twa standalane beuks.<ref name="Wanner2013" /> In a speir frae the Alibi telly channel, MacBride leetit R. D. Wingfield as a "literary inspiration".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alibi.uktv.co.uk/article/stuart-macbride-interview/ |title=Stuart MacBride interview |publisher=Alibi |access-date=9 July 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6isJZ9W30?url=http://alibi.uktv.co.uk/article/stuart-macbride-interview/ |archive-date=9 July 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> MacBride's novelles, in parteecular his MacRae beuks, hae been descrievit as tairtan noir.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Forshaw |first1=Barry |title=In the Cold Dark Ground, by Stuart MacBride - book review |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/in-the-cold-dark-ground-by-stuart-macbride-book-review-drop-of-the-hard-stuff-from-tartan-noir-a6789791.html |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=The Independent |date=29 December 2015}}</ref> MacBride wis ane o ten fowk furst addit tae the Aiberdeen Haw o Heroes<ref>{{cite news |title=Names chosen for city Hall of Heroes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-39102749 |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=BBC News |date=27 February 2017}}</ref> and wis crount Warld Stovies Champion in 2014. He wan Celebrity Mastermind in 2017 wi a speicialist subject on the life an wirks o [[A. A. Milne]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stephenson |first1=Hannah |title=The dark and light world of Stuart MacBride {{!}} Press and Journal |url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/lifestyle/books-reviews/1224579/dark-light-world-stuart-macbride/ |accessdate=9 November 2018 |work=Press and Journal |date=22 April 2017}}</ref> ==Bibiliographie== ===Logan McRae novelles=== * 2005 - ''Cold Granite'' * 2006 - ''Dying Light'' * 2007 - ''Broken Skin'' (publisht in Americae as ''Bloodshot'') * 2008 - ''Flesh House'' * 2009 - ''Blind Eye'' * 2010 - ''Dark Blood'' * 2011 - ''Shatter the Bones'' * 2012 - ''Partners in Crime'' (Twa Logan an Steel short stories: ''Bad Heir Day'' an ''Stramash'') * 2013 - ''Close to the Bone'' * 2014 - ''The 45% Hangover'' (A Logan an Steel novella) * 2015 - ''22 Dead Little Bodies'' (A Logan an Steel short novelle) * 2015 - ''The Missing and the Dead'' * 2016 - ''In the Cold Dark Ground'' * 2017 - ''Now We Are Dead'' * 2018 - ''The Blood Road'' * 2019 - ''All That's Dead'' ===Oldcastle novelles=== * 2012 - ''Birthdays for the Dead'' * 2014 - ''A Song for the Dying'' * 2017 - ''A Dark so Deadly'' ===Other works=== * 2008 - ''Sawbones'' * 2009 - ''Halfhead'' * 2011 - ''Twelve Days of Winter'' (e-beuk; released in print in 2012) ==Awairds== '''Wan''' * Barry Award fur Best First Novel, fur ''Cold Granite'' in 2006.<ref name="Barry">{{cite web |url=http://deadlypleasures.com/barry.html |title=Barry Awards |publisher=Deadly Pleasures Mystery Magazine |date= |access-date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423032903/http://www.deadlypleasures.com/barry.html |archive-date=23 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> * CWA Dagger in the Library Awaird, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/editors-choice/2010/05/09/best-selling-crime-author-stuart-macbride-on-secrets-of-new-novel-86908-22245766/ |title=Best-selling crime author Stuart MacBride on secrets of new novel |publisher=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|The Daily Record]] |work=[[Sunday Mail (Scotland)|Sunday Mail]] |first=Steve |last=Hendry |date=9 May 2010 |accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> * ITV3 Crime Thriller Award fur Breakthrough Author of the Year, fur ''Broken Skin'' in 2008.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Allen |first=Katie |title=Rankin and P D James pick up ITV3 awards |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/rankin-and-p-d-james-pick-itv3-awards.html |magazine=[[The Bookseller]] |date=6 October 2008 |accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> '''Nominate''' * International Thriller Writers Awards, Best Debut Novel, fur ''Cold Granite'' in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.thrillerwriters.org/thrillerfest/current-and-past-thriller-awards.html|title=Thriller Awards - ThrillerFest|publisher=[[International Thriller Writers]]|date=|access-date=18 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221174936/http://www.thrillerwriters.org/thrillerfest/current-and-past-thriller-awards.html|archive-date=21 February 2012|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.thrillerwriters.org/thrillerfest/current-and-past-thriller-awards.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-08-31 |archive-date=2012-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221174936/http://www.thrillerwriters.org/thrillerfest/current-and-past-thriller-awards.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> * Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, fur ''Cold Granite'' in 2006.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/brookmyre-and-macbride-crime-shortlist.html |title=Brookmyre and MacBride on crime shortlist |magazine=[[The Bookseller]] |date=19 June 2007 |accessdate=18 April 2012 |first=Anna |last=Richardson |authorlink=Anna Richardson}}</ref> * Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, fur ''Dying Light'' in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/Article.aspx/709275 |title=North-east crime writer on shortlist for major award |newspaper=[[The Press and Journal (Scotland)|Press and Journal]] |date=26 June 2008 |accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> * Barry Award fur Best British Crime Novel, fur ''Dying Light'' in 1007.<ref name="Barry"/> * Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, fur ''Broken Skin'' in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|first=Alison |last=Flood |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/01/theakstons-crime-novel-shortlist |title=Theakstons rounds up 14 suspects on crime novel award shortlist &#124; Books |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 June 2009 |accessdate=18 April 2012}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Macbride, Stuart}} [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Scots men novelists]] [[Category:Scots crime feection writers]] [[Category:Scots science feection writers]] [[Category:Fowk associatit wi Aiberdeen]] [[Category:Fowk frae Aiberdeen]] [[Category:Fowk frae Dumbairton]] [[Category:Barry Awaird winners]] [[Category:1969 births]] 6scrj88ceel9y3niwuzzedympc1021k 2 225865 925721 925340 2026-11-04T13:22:05Z ListeriaBot 30924 Wikidata list updated [V2] 925721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item (wdt:P495)* wd:Q22 } |sort=label |columns=label:label,P31,P18,P571,P577,P136 |thumb=128 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! instance o ! eemage ! date o foondation or creation ! date o publication ! genre |- | ''[[:d:Q16323131|100 Pipers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:100 Pipers bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4638043|44 Scotland Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48814513|5 Star Wrestling]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130348409|A Bear Named Wojtek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17517379|animated short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202866|animatit film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656103|A Cool Head]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30638714|A Dark so Deadly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q347332|A Disaffection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4656829|A Foot in the Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107680425|A frog he would a-wooing go]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1549" | 1549 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4657112|A Good Hanging and Other Stories]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3549611|A Legend of Montrose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Walter Scott Legend of Montrose Illustration.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q120097613|A little child the Saviour came]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408011|A Lost Lady of Old Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55081833|A Practical Guide to a Spectacular Suicide]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4659095|A Question of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659137|A Ramble Round the Globe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q103296523|A Rooster, "Gallas Furcatus," Forked Tail Wild Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103296534|A Rooster, "Gallus Oeneus," Wild Golden Cock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1802" | 1802 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4359779|A Song of Stone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[Science fiction|science feection]]<br/>''[[:d:Q197949|post-apocalyptic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4659839|A Stranger Came Ashore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-08-07 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]''<br/>[[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4660121|A Thread of Scarlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q141230061|A Treatise of the Scurvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:J. Lind; A treatise of the scurvy. Wellcome L0019183.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1753" | 1753 | ''[[:d:Q5977147|medical non-fiction literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4646807|A' Cleachdadh na Gàidhlig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137165572|Abaire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113336119|Abandoned Stars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5741069|rock baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010-06-15 | | [[Progressive metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q212348|Aberdeen Angus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Angus cattle 10.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Abernethy biscuit]] | | [[File:Abernethy Biscuits..jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138880137|Ablutions]]'' | ''[[:d:Q580807|albumen print]]'' | [[File:Ablutions (2015.67.61).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1870" | 1870 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96192714|Accidents and disasters on land]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Accidents and disasters on land.pdf|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4691060|Against a Dark Background]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-05 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399495|Ah, Chloris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11019883|Air ais air an Ran Dan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q13484144|Air Cuan Dubh Drilseach]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013<br/>2020 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53866684|Aironauts]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q141688218|Almirante Lobo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q671079|troopship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Spanish transport Almirante Lobo Jane's 1920.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10299630|Amélia II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia II (3º) croped.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749698|An Account of Capers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16821450|An Account of Corsica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:An Account of Corsica, title page.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138179461|An Luingeas Dorcha air Fàire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q135529092|Analecta Graeca Minora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790s | |- | ''[[:d:Q4751170|Anam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4753430|And the Land Lay Still]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104791679|Andrina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2851345|Anne of Geierstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Anne of G 1829.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108856925|Aon Teanga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4784939|Arbroath smokie]]'' | | [[File:Arbroath Smokies - geograph.org.uk - 481678.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121628098|Argyll aircraft engine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Argyll aircraft engine.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1252344|Armageddon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]''<br/>[[beer]] | [[File:Brewmeister Armageddon label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600426|Arms of Mary]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134556|single]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975<br/>1992 | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2047814|Palingsound]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q104099453|Art and archaeology papers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399249|Auld Gudeman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102961830|Autumn River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:Autumn River - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1979.0303P.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q793281|Ayrshire cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Biggle cow book (Plate III) (6835787694).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30646489|Bad Hotel]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q687397|Ballantine's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q883744|blended whiskey]]'' | [[File:Scotch Whisky (aka).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56275857|Band of the Royal Regiment of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1078286|military band]]'' | [[File:The Band of The Royal Regiment of Scotland.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q86752397|Bannan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108472340|Battalion of Flies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Bay City Rollers]] | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:BayCityRollers1976RobBogaerts.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]]<br/>''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837837|power pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76092|glam rock]]''<br/>[[pop muisic]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89285051|Beach Bounce]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-08-14 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q37619|Bearded Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Bearded Collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61642181|Beats]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-01-24<br/>2019-05-17<br/>2019-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4880450|Beggars Banquet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4883072|Bell's whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:BellScotch.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1851" | 1851 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816198|Belted Galloway]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Belted Galloway cow J4.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4885960|Ben Jonson Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399616|Bess the Gawkie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122310744|Big Crown: Showdown]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-12-14 | |- | ''[[:d:Q51756400|Big Gold Dream]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q26492705|Bird Magic No. 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | [[abstract airt]] |- | ''[[:d:Q471241|Bis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Bis Buffalo Bar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3612973|Black & Blue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4920219|Black & White]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black & White (whisky) bottle 04.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Black bun]] | | [[File:Black bun cut open.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16971600|Black Dog Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Black Dog Scotch Whisky Logo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4922585|Blackbird]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q21010853|drama]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25635147|Blas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11483816|annual event]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4925907|Bleeding Hearts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4927621|Blood Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q24256086|Bloons TD 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-19 | ''[[:d:Q1137896|tower defense]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q885603|Blue Angels Motorcycle Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q182391|motorcycle club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849110|outlaw motorcycle club]]'' | [[File:Blue Angels Erpe-Mere.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399465|Blue bonnets over the border]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297548|Blue Flower]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38450|Blue Paul Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4929839|Blue Shoes and Happiness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137649426|Blàrag a' Bhò]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4934527|Bob the Builder: Can We Fix It?]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-12 | ''[[:d:Q1153173|educational entertainment]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34222620|Bonnie Chirsty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37710|border collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Argentine border collie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407754|Border Life]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326445|Boreray sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Boreray Ewes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q141284867|Borges and Me]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2026" | 2026-08-15 | ''[[:d:Q628165|road movie]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102429885|coming-of-age film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q645928|biographical film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16845069|Bothy band]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3066180|bouncy techno]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106648058|Bowie family of Maryland]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | data-sort-value="1705" | 1705 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4952596|Boyracers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q223945|Bildungsroman]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21997425|Break the Chains]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109923688|Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q108611897|horse racing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q63610141|Breve Historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-03 | |- | [[Bridie]] | | [[File:Bridie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16846610|Brighton Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4975393|Brose]]'' | [[fuid]] | [[File:Atholl brose.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138773600|Brothers Reid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q103297846|Brount]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q32094891|Brut@l]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106511534|Bubba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15632617|feectional human]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569167|gemme character]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4982543|Buchanan's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4984149|Buddha Da]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20200837|Bunessan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1888" | 1888 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954518|Bunkered]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20638877|Butcher's Broom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | [[Butterie]] | | [[File:Aberdeen Buttery.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Caber toss]] | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Caber 2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5016556|Cado Belle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37888|Cairn Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Cairn-Terrier-Garten1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136001349|Cala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5019561|calf's liver and bacon]]'' | | [[File:Calf's liver, bacon and mash at Staplefield, West Sussex, England 1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128969|Calimero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q63952888|anime television series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5027077|Camp Coffee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle, essence (AM 629460).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5030993|Canal Dreams]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131303582|Canty]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q617216|caramel shortbread]]'' | | [[File:Millionaire's shortbread.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3221381|Castle Dangerous]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5050556|Castlemilk Moorit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Borris the ram shorn.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2277829|Catriona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Catriona (novel).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107537699|Chaotic Youth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621198|Chick's Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5098501|Children of This Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1069502|Chivas Regal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:Chivas regal 12yo.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1801" | 1801 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4021847|Christmas Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105702790|Christmas video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17352486|Chronicles of the Canongate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Chronicles of the Canongate 1st series.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | |- | [[Clapshot]] | | [[File:Clapshot and oatcakes.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q463230|claymore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]'' | [[File:Scottish claymore replica (Albion Chieftain)2.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Clootie dumplin]] | | [[File:Clootie dumpling.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25217364|Close to the Bone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5136184|Club Cupid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[reality telly]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115740539|Club Life]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-04-13 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | [[Clydesdale horse]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:3 Clydesdale horses.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Cock-a-leekie]] | | [[File:Cock-a-leekie Soup.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124851344|Come, Holy Spirit , descend on us]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585929|Come, Labor On]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1859" | 1859 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q122378424|Commands & Colors: Ancients]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-09-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28945174|CommonSpace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1153191|online newspaper]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156663|Complicity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5156775|composite rules shinty–hurling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5158085|Conall Cra Bhuidhe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827781|Conquer the Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5163254|Consolevania]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q747339|contra dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | [[File:Glen Echo Park contra dance.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139023201|Conversations in Gaelic and English]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q1346592|bitext]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410671|Corryvreckan]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3436601|Count Robert of Paris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales Volume 4.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1832" | 1832 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133224168|Countrywoman's Calendar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16952451|Crabbie's]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383629|Crabbit Granny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5180351|Cracked]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama]] |- | [[cranachan]] | ''[[:d:Q182940|dessert]]'' | [[File:Cranachan (4332953688).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002602|Crime]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109620644|Crimond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5188589|Crossfire]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57705951|Cruinn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136001121|Culla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | [[Cullen skink]] | [[soup]] | [[File:Cullen Skink.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849873|Cunningham]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202444|gien name]]'' | | | | |- | [[Curlin]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]'' | [[File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3007961|Cutty Sark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle of Cutty Sark Scotch Whisky with box.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-03-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126477332|Cygni: All Guns Blazing]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-08-06 | ''[[:d:Q1044478|shoot 'em up]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136410399|Côr Harmony]]'' | [[queir]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38336|Dandie Dinmont Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Dandie Dinmont Terrier 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4037031|Dark Planet: Battle for Natrolis]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q208189|real-time strategy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18350426|Dateline Scotland]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119585958|Day is Done]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5243100|Daybreak Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245078|Dead Air]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112031241|Dead Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Dead Pony (52072572184).jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3617562|Dead Souls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5245442|Dead Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5247573|Death of a Ladies' Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-07-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80657151|Debate Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q181761|deep-fried Mars bar]]'' | | [[File:DeepFriedMarsBar.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3301197|deep-fried pizza]]'' | ''[[:d:Q116392487|type of pizza]]'' | [[File:Deep Fried Pizza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251004|Deeside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5251821|Degrassi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | [[Dewar's]] | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:DewarsLogo.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1846" | 1846 | | |- | [[Dictionar o the Scots Leid]] | ''[[:d:Q3327521|online dictionary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131344705|dictionary of the Scots language]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9207544|Dimple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5280892|Dirk dance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107357104|type of dance]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66456966|Discovery and Excavation in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21834496|archaeology journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296225|Donkey Punch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297243|Doors Open]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q115803710|Doughnuts and Doom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-09-20 | ''[[:d:Q725377|graphic novel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2561438|slice of life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q18150777|Downfall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | [[Drambuie]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]'' | [[File:New drambuie bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1910" | 1910 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109405060|Dujanah]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-19 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17505244|Dumfries Courier]]'' | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809 | | |- | [[Dundee cake]] | | [[File:Dundee cake.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266163|Dunlop cheese]]'' | | [[File:Ayrshire's Dunlop Cheese.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56279760|Dàin do Eimhir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5325340|Eagleowl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Eagleowl promo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1317816|indie folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q959914|Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3002812|Edinburgh Crystal]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338215|Edinburgh Law Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746654|law review]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5338306|Edinburgh rock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confectionery]]'' | [[File:Edinburgh Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137360821|Eemis Stane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5357317|Electric Brae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q83742490|Enough of Him]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | [[Drama]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31970514|Epic Battle Fantasy 4]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q23916|adventure video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q112132374|Epic Battle Fantasy 5]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q5923834|Japanese role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2246627|Eriskay Pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Eriskay pony beinn sciathan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398772|Espedair Street]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5399160|Espresso Tales]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q1347298|serialized fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5399414|Essays on Philosophical Subjects]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524602|Ettrick Banks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22075098|Even Dogs in the Wild]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-11-05 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5420395|Exit Music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-09-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q102964839|Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Expulsion of the Moneylenders from the Temple - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1980.013.tif|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107529619|External Menace]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97621188|Fantasmagoria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102964931|Far from the Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5435395|Farl]]'' | [[breid]] | [[File:Ben W Bell Soda Bread Farl 05 June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q92480206|Fast & Furious: Adrenaline]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5437606|Father Hilary's Holiday]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437626|Father Malachy's Miracle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1931" | 1931 | |- | ''[[:d:Q33524785|Fee him, Father]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20012196|FFS]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:FFS (Franz Ferdinand & Sparks) @ Albert Hall, Manchester 25-8-2015 (20284011824).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15749735|Film-Philosophy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1256352|Filth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | [[Finnan haddie]] | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965122|Five Colours]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3797845|Fleshmarket Close]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5464691|Follow Follow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244114|For ever, Fortune]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1725" | 1725 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25171666|Forward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5479814|Francie and Josie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5493518|Fraochy Bay]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q411924|Frazier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5504828|fritter roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83450990|From Scenes Like These]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18611377|From The Doctor to my son Thomas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110879246|video work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q471839|science feection film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3088307|Fromage d'Ayrshire]]'' | | [[File:Block of Ayrshire cheese.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q141393885|Frontierer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506087|Frontline]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506409|fruit pudding]]'' | | [[File:Scottish breakfast pack.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5511555|Féillire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7832290|Gaelic folk music]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106537557|music by ethnic group]]''<br/>[[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16148439|Gaelic music]]'' | [[muisic genre]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516932|Gahn family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]]<br/>''[[:d:Q62274319|Swedish unintroduced noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q66760350|Galaxy Girls]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q505149|Gallagher and Lyle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109288825|male duo]]'' | [[File:Gallagher and Lyle On Stage In Greenock.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q613408|country rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5519004|Gallery Whispers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124609645|Galloway Adriatic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Galloway Adriatic.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12018056|Galloway Atlantic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15057021|engine model]]'' | [[File:Paired Galloway Atlantic engines in a Handley Page V1500.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q935155|Galloway cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:Galloway.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126326631|Galloway News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1868552|local newspaper]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138645059|Gangsta Bang - Introduction]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3414877|quest]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5523709|Garnock Way]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5564471|Girl in May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q19765983|romantic fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5416645|Glasgow Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1110794|daily newspaper]]''<br/>[[wabsteid]] | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382842|Glasgow's Docklands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | [[Glayva]] | | [[File:Glayva.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q154306|glen plaid]]'' | | [[File:Glen Plaid aka Prince of Wales check pattern.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1840" | 1840s | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5567537|Glen's Vodka]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2262510|Glue]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125700841|Gnoss]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q125027573|Go, labor on; spend, and be spent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q602446|lyrics]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q116953130|hymn text]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38686|Golden Retriever]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Golden Retriever Dukedestiny01 drvd.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5582797|Good Morning Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131538174|Good Words for the Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11780435|monthly magazine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1029418|children's magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584773|Gordon & MacPhail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>[[Business|buisiness]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38301|Gordon Setter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Orrvilas enska w800px.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Gowf]] | ''[[:d:Q31629|type o sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13137940|sport with racquet/stick/club]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212434|Olympic sport]]''<br/>[[habby]] | [[File:Golfer swing.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94830|Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-02-17 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]'' |- | [[Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony]] | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | [[File:GTA The Ballad of Gay Tony at Igromir 2009 (4081942358).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-10-29 | ''[[:d:Q343568|action-adventure game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85422949|video game with LGBT character]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4039669|Grant's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Full Range Grant's Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122362135|Grants Whisky Price in India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]'' | [[File:Grant's Whisky 01.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100414305|Greazy Puzzy Fuckerz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:GPF on The Black stage Defqon1 - 2024-06-30.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q388906|hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34523520|Gree, bairnies, gree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1546243|Grice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18786396|pig breed]]'' | [[File:Grice reconstructed.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17778527|Grieg]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q84224774|Guilt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-10-24<br/>2019-10-30<br/>2019-11-13 | ''[[:d:Q2101714|police film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130232|drama film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q136384475|Gun Ghaol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[metalcore]] |- | [[haggis]] | | [[File:Haggis Mo.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[haggis hurlin]] | [[sport]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877220|haggis pakora]]'' | | [[File:Haggis pakora.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639068|Haig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Bottle Haig Whiskey.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102965929|Half Mile Walk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5642753|Hallam Foe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-04-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q184865|hammer throw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:John Flanagan.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85234272|Hatted kit]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Hawick News]] | [[newspaper]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587139|Head for the Edge, Keep Walking]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109566683|Heavy Events]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1816033|competitive sport]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21654660|traditional sport]]'' | | data-sort-value="-1829" | -1829 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12059770|Hebridean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean ram.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10518891|Hebridean pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Hebridean pony 1905.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58903|Heelain cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]'' | [[File:HighlandCow.01.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124357837|Heisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q116792313|Henderson family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5713678|Hendrick's Gin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]''<br/>[[gin]] | [[File:Hendrick's gin 001.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600178|Hey, my bonnie wee lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5752197|Hide and Seek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[Hieland gemmes]] | ''[[:d:Q18608583|recurring sporting event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82821|tradition]]'' | [[File:2006 Highland Games (4000821702).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Hieland pownie]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Platier oye poney highland bis.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q165704|high jump]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Yelena Slesarenko jumping 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5757308|High Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4345100|Highland Laddie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q211025|march]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599840|Highland Minstrel Boy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5759100|Highland River]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Kenn and the Salmon.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5759332|Highlands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q7603925|documentary television program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q5774258|Historical fencing in Scotland]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138950054|Hoagie]]'' | | [[File:Hoagie wrap - interior.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979295|hodden]]'' | | [[File:Hodden Grey.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5883004|Hollywood Undercover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1951776|Hooper Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59557805|unreleased album]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2076441|How Late It Was, How Late]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q120784241|iBomber Defense Pacific]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-03-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5990951|If You Liked School You'll Love Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6008981|In Another Light]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22251966|In the Cold Dark Ground]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4171155|In the Company of Cheerful Ladies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16994870|In:Demand Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108784923|Industria]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-09-30<br/>2022-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6035751|Innes Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1950" | 1950 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6052728|International Research in Children's Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140814705|Interurban Developments Ltd]]'' | ''[[:d:Q783794|company]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2089936|consulting company]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69883|urban plannin]]'' | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-11 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121320619|Introduction to Data Mining]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107495778|Inyal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16827651|Iomain]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635039|Iomall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | [[Irn-Bru]] | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Barr IRN-BRU Sugar Free (3 of 3).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594312|Iron]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1676212|I’m Gonna Be (500 Miles)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6168304|Jazz Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28408003|John Burnet of Barns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386474|John Macnab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1232629|John Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2085381|publisher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1320047|book publisher]]'' | [[File:Murray John First.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1768" | 1768 | | |- | [[Johnnie Walker]] | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2424752|product]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Johnnie Walker Red Label.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127273724|Johnstone Pipe Band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20877127|Joseph Knight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-04-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6294829|Journal of Beckett Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15709992|Journal of Scottish Historical Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6296188|Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q773668|open-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131749566|Jules and Greg's Wild Swim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326476|Kailyard school]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3326717|literary movement]]'' | | data-sort-value="1880" | 1880 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6375447|Kate Crackernuts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 210 illustration in English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6383736|Keiller's marmalade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1252971|food manufacturer]]'' | [[File:Keillers marmalade cropped.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1797" | 1797 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114051611|Kelvingrove]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1821" | 1821 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6407655|Killie pie]]'' | | [[File:Killie Pies and Peas.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q83455708|Kinnaris Quintet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102966954|Knackers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | [[File:Knackers - Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery - 1971-070.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6423081|Knots and Crosses]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16871486|Knox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18344787|Lady Agnew of Lochnaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | [[File:John Singer Sargent - Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1892).jpeg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | | ''[[:d:Q134307|portrait]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q96278979|Lagavulin 16 years whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q902887|Islay single malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Single Islay Malt Whisky 16 years old.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q280|Lagavulin distillery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10373548|whisky distillery]]'' | [[File:Lagavulin Destillery.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6473776|Laidlaw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6474100|Laird of Burnbrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q355567|ryal or noble rank]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5737899|hereditary title]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6482902|Lanark: A Life in Four Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-01 | [[fantasie]] |- | ''[[:d:Q140681292|Las Vegas Tycoon]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102967917|Laughing - Crying]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16932445|Legit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6532725|Let It Bleed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113022702|LF System]]'' | ''[[:d:Q9212979|musical duo]]'' | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019 | | ''[[:d:Q20502|house]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q138798492|Liberty City Chapter 1: Gangsta Bang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q133296086|video game chapter]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6545063|Life and Work]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1879" | 1879 | | |- | [[Limmy's Show]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q9335576|comedy television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6552852|Lindsay of Evelix]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18759100|baronetcy]]''<br/>[[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138635047|Linne Dhomhain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48699803|Live at Five]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126364793|Locomotive No. 10 El Esla]]'' | ''[[:d:Q785745|tank locomotive]]'' | [[File:Locomotive No. 10 El Esla - Sabero 2024.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q52243731|Logan Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q52244260|Logan Water]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17015965|London Calling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q263673|lorne sausage]]'' | | [[File:Cooked Scottish square sausage.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3823287|Lot No. 249]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Doyle - Une momie qui ressuscite.djvu|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9103398|Love Fist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6619719|fictional musical ensemble]]'' | | | | [[Hivy metal muisic|heavy metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3265916|Luckenbooth brooch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q499916|brooch]]'' | [[File:Luckenbooth brooches .jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386804|Luckypenny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1720712|Luing cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208989|beef cattle]]'' | [[File:Luing Cattle.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235797|Machair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q23739|soap opera]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q108829896|Mackenzie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6724904|Maconochie]]'' | | [[File:Maconochie army ration, Musée Somme 1916, pic-110.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6726755|Made in Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134585656|Manual Of Bacteriological Technique and Special Bacteriology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1902" | 1902 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3992409|Marabou Stork Nightmares]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q109581872|experimental novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q919929|Marmion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Marmion 1st ed.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808 | ''[[:d:Q474090|narrative poetry]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114390692|Martyrdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386904|Marx the First]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25390447|Master Rallye]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q860750|racin video gemme]]'' |- | [[Maud]] | | [[File:Sir John Watson Gordon - James Hogg, 1770 - 1835. Poet; 'The Ettrick Shepherd' - Google Art Project.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Mealie]] | | [[File:Irish black and white pudding slices.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102320800|Mediaeval Scandinavia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112001238|Medicine Cabinet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6942541|musical collective]]'' | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6807652|Meeow!]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-05 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6815614|Memories and Portraits]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q135512349|Men in Love]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q787667|Middle of the Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Middle Of The Road 925-3455.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | [[pop muisic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q997481|bubblegum music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6843484|Midwinter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923 | |- | ''[[:d:Q343749|Milligan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1936983|Miniature Shetland pony]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96393620|Modern Studies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3860275|Molly's Lips]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q21030926|Monkey Shoulder]]'' | ''[[:d:Q944887|blended malt whisky]]'' | [[File:Monkey Shoulder Whisky.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148560|Morality for Beautiful Girls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3222487|More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Le dynamiteur.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6914355|Mortal Causes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6915172|Morvern Callar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6918341|Motormark]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q861823|electroclash]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56580|digital hardcore]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6935684|munchy box]]'' | | [[File:Munchy Box.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106306552|Murderous Pursuits]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-04-26 | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q6938794|Murmuring the Judges]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q62067286|Murray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82799|name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599929|My Highland home]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600031|My Nannie, O]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q61447836|My Romantic History]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35599707|My wife has ta'en the gee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16998421|Nae Danger]]'' | | [[File:Nae Danger Brosef.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106584188|Neon Podcast Evangelion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011790|anime and manga podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105885182|science fiction podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105908617|film and television podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55114857|Night Kaleidoscope]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126834917|No Scotland No Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2489759|football chant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114909458|sports anthem]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35734131|Nora's Vow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | [[North Ronaldsay sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:North ron sheep.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406327|North Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7062764|Nothing Human Left]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7065883|Now You See It]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114105442|NRP Albéria]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1286790|auxiliary vessel]]'' | [[File:Patrulha Albéria.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112920258|NRP Açor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202527|minesweeper]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308902|naval trawler]]'' | [[File:Caça-Minas Açor (2º) (1916-1918).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1906" | 1906 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113866724|NRP Tomás Andrea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2074370|minehunter]]'' | [[File:Caça-minas Thomáz Andréa (Tomás Andréa).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1907" | 1907 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4320515|oatmeal raisin cookie]]'' | | [[File:Oatmeal Cookies with orange zest, golden raisins, and chocolate chips.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62604270|Observation]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27670585|science fiction video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16874548|Ochiltree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29587083|Of the Balance of Trade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1752" | 1752 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7078954|Off the Ball]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140090056|Off The Boat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q98528277|Celtic folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q42967802|Ogilvie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16880666|Ogilvy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q844519|Oh No! More Lemmings]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3234969|Old Mortality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Tales of My Landlord 1st series 1st edition.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q102969297|On Imaginative Space]]'' | ''[[:d:Q429785|poster]]'' | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7094173|Only Fade Away]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7095381|Ooops!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q725120|OpenTTD]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>[[free saftware]] | [[File:Cardhill Transport, 2000-06-25.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q1198141|business simulation game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q106580670|Orphans of the Tide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-02-18<br/>2020-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q111984153|young adult fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7107453|Ossian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28452476|Out of Bounds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1646194|oxford]]'' | | [[File:Oxford cloth.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38980|Paisley Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q38672|dog type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Paisley1903.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7134646|Paragraph]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7140169|Partan bree]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102969608|Pastoral]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11060274|prent]]'' | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98382671|Petrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q65197873|Philp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3085519|pipe band]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105756498|type of musical group]]'' | [[File:00 1953 Folklore - bagpipe player.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q816195|plaid]]'' | | [[File:GrantPiper.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Plain laif]] | | [[File:Plain bread.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225175|Politics Now]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7225719|Pollok, Gilmour and Company]]'' | [[Business|buisiness]] | | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7228828|Poor Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q123322|Porno]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7232652|Portuguese Irregular Verbs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | ''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7234119|Postcode Challenge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7239029|Prayer for the Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1934" | 1934 | ''[[:d:Q21803247|military fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2068990|Prince Otto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Prince Otto (first edition) (title page).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885 | |- | ''[[:d:Q47074303|Pringle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3409032|unisex gien name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7246044|Private Angelo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q128758|satire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q908667|war novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q97356280|Project Moonbase]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105580963|music podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105011645|comedy podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q124356748|Psychoanalytic studies of personality]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20540385|non-fiction literary work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-01-01 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018459|Publications of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q953459|quaich]]'' | | [[File:Robinwoodquaich.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2469230|Quentin Durward]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q134717368|Quentin Durward (1912 edition)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | [[File:Quentin Durward 1823.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135209247|Quick As Thieves]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7283174|Ragnarawk]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q744038|role-playing video game]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q584105|music video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q28127686|Rather Be the Devil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7296891|Raw Spirit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | |- | [[Rebus (TV series)|Rebus]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1366112|drama television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107018559|Recent advances in surgery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018570|Records of the Scottish Church History Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | [[Red Kola]] | | | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | |- | [[Reestit mutton]] | | [[File:Reestit mutton in butcher's window, Lerwick - geograph.org.uk - 1590613.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130975239|Reforj]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q116278106|survival sandbox video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7309799|Reheated Cabbage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7312846|Rendition: Guantanamo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61475894|cancelled/unreleased video game]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q270948|action game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7316544|Resurrection Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q99630482|rivlin]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q141726074|Robbie McFadzean]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4502119|art group]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q98383631|Robot Three]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1951" | 1951 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312094|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Time Twister]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11835185|RollerCoaster Tycoon 2: Wacky Worlds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q9312099|RollerCoaster Tycoon: Corkscrew Follies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362712|Romanno Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7362837|Romanticism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64632119|Rosa ‘Alec’s Red’]]'' | ''[[:d:Q26817508|rose cultivar]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1825420|Rose's lime juice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114392939|drink brand]]'' | [[File:Rose's Lime Juice.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1867" | 1867 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107018832|Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh publication]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7374788|Royal Salute whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Chivas38years.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116609986|Rumahoy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Rumahoy.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | | ''[[:d:Q3389124|pirate metal]]''<br/>[[Fowk metal]]<br/>[[Pouer metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7380801|Rushen Coatie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Page 150 illustration in More English Fairy Tales.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132175284|Saber Came to Tea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48811805|Sacred Paws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sacred Paws at Rough Trade.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399865|Sae flaxen were her ringlets]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7398517|Safe as Houses]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17017964|Saints of the Shadow Bible]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-11-07 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q88296934|Saor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Saor Dark Troll 2023 02.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | | ''[[:d:Q65937017|atmospheric black metal]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7420877|Saorsa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q56289964|Sarah's Room]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110941133|Scathe]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27902416|Schaw Statutes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q234460|text]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1598" | 1598 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34221604|Scornfu' Nancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scot Squad]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | [[Scotch ale]] | ''[[:d:Q1998962|beer style]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896374|Scotch broth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18697490|lamb dish]]'' | [[File:Lunch at Inveraray Castle - Scotch broth (14342541740).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476136|Scotch Fancy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20011823|canary breed]]'' | [[File:Our canaries (18960100635).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotch pie]] | | [[File:Scotch pie.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q382947|Scotch whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q140937730|type of whisky]]'' | [[File:The World of Scotch Whisky.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Scotland]] | [[Kintras o the Unitit Kinrick|constituent kintra o the Unitit Kinrick]] | [[File:Scotland from satellite.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="843" | 843 | | |- | [[Scotland the Brave]] | [[Naitional anthem]] | [[File:Scotland the Brave.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3406251|Scotland Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435657|Scotland Tonight]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15607891|Scotland's Future]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107473448|Scotland's Home of the Year]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q125471642|Scotland's National]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125471605|national tartan]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1125192|Scots Confession]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183770|Christian creed]]'' | [[File:Scots Confession.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1560" | 1560 | |- | [[Scots Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Scotish terrier burleska 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7435802|Scotsmac]]'' | | | | | |- | [[Scotsport]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878361|Scottish Backhold]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q37929|Scottish Deerhound]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Deerhound 305.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437707|Scottish Dunface]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42636|Scottish Fold]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43577|cat breed]]'' | [[File:Purple-scottish-fold.png|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094259|Scottish Gaelic punk]]'' | [[muisic genre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28820001|musical scene]]'' | | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762641|The Scottish Historical Review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q627517|history journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1921" | 1921 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437800|Scottish Journal of Theology]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437854|Scottish Medical Journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q73897617|toll-access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5953270|hybrid open access journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16024164|medical journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24993955|Scottish Morning Roll]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1970833|Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69502940|polar expedition]]'' | [[File:Scotia on Laurie Island.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7437943|Scottish Review of Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163546|Secret of the Sands]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q124643088|Seeds of Desolation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[Daith metal]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113539840|Sena]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|Q98151017]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Sena (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10605137|Set in Darkness]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q633547|sgian-dubh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15142889|weapon family]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland (TV series)|Shetland]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17019069|Shetland cattle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12045585|cattle breed]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24036271|rare breed]]'' | [[File:Muscliff, Shetland Cattle - geograph.org.uk - 734933.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495670|Shetland duck]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110536225|duck breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7495662|Shetland Goose]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59453852|goose breed]]'' | | | | |- | [[Shetland pownie|Shetland pony]] | ''[[:d:Q1160573|horse breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland pony (2).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shetland sheep]] | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Shetland sheep moorit.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Shinty]] | | [[File:CabersGlasgow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106586985|Shipwreck Island]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q1233720|young adult literature]]'' |- | [[shortbreid]] | | [[File:Shortbread fingers.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q180935|shot put]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Remigius Machura senior CZ championships in athletics Kladno 2005.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504321|Shrug]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Shrug - December 1994.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q20713615|SIA Scotch Whisky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]'' | [[File:SIA Scotch Whisky Bottle.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019022|Sidewalk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q179221|Silly Wizard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Silly Wizard2007.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748836|Simple Minds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:-NIMES -170618 Nimes SM2018 mk2 MG 9308-Edit.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977 | | ''[[:d:Q187760|new wave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q217467|art rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q379033|arena rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1298934|synthpop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q50399972|Sing on, sing on]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28407918|Sir Quixote of the Moors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q205234|siren]]'' | | [[File:Pneumatic siren.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1799" | 1799 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117743230|Six Four]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q959790|crime film]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3486108|Skagboys]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535484|Skinner's Ghosts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535486|Skinner's Mission]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7535488|Skinner's Ordeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535492|Skinner's Round]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535490|Skinner's Rules]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535493|Skinner's Trail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7535893|skirlie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q746549|dish]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q152532|Skol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15075508|beer brand]]'' | [[File:Skol table.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | | |- | [[Skye Tarrie]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Skye terrier 800.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124313941|Sleep, Dearie, Sleep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1229479|lamentation]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q114842527|Slow Roads]]'' | [[video gemme]]<br/>''[[:d:Q178285|freeware]]'' | | data-sort-value="2021" | 2021-06 | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q1610017|simulation video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q38790|Smooth Collie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:Smooth Collie 600.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135016000|Snake Venom Beer]]'' | [[beer]]<br/>''[[:d:Q687737|Bock]]'' | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q188407|Snow Patrol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Snow Patrol Band.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q502330|Soay sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15622363|sheep breed]]'' | [[File:Horned Soay ram close-up.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109647834|Solar Flux]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-10-24<br/>2013-12-19<br/>2018-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q54767|puzzle video game]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48700473|Soldier's Dream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7560123|Something Leather]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2036876|Sons and Daughters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Sons and Daughters - Stag and Dagger 2011 (01).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7562723|Soor ploom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5159627|confectionery]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7571846|sowans]]'' | [[fuid]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q122196512|Spalding family]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108412167|Spinning Coin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7579584|Sporting Lucas Terrier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7581984|SquareGo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-08 | ''[[:d:Q69662460|video game magazine]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7582190|Squeak!]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | [[Childer's telly series|childer's televeesion series]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4675044|St. Ives]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ives - frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232270|St. Ronan's Well]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:St Ronan 1824.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1823" | 1823-12-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16545107|Standing in Another Man's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-11-08 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7601283|starrie]]'' | | [[File:Star Rock.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q283638|Stealers Wheel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stealers Wheel - TopPop 1973 9.png|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | ''[[:d:Q484641|pop rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q31797868|STEALL]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1368848|literary magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7615983|Stewart of Balquhidder]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7619276|Stonemouth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012-04-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107570722|Stories of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24634210|podcast show]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q105011823|history podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106625351|society and culture podcast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106462625|places and travel podcast]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7620316|Stornoway black pudding]]'' | | [[File:Stornoway Black Pudding.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Stovies]] | [[fuid]] | [[File:Stovies.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7623883|Striking and Picturesque Delineations of the Grand, Beautiful, Wonderful, and Interesting Scenery Around Loch-Earn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1815" | 1815 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3976065|String Driven Thing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q649634|progressive folk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7624072|Strip Jack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7628082|Studies in World Christianity]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]'' | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394864|STV Appeal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-09-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394869|STV News]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1358344|news program]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7394875|STV Rugby]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7394876|STV Sports Centre]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4050322|Suffocate Me]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169930|Extended play]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7639411|Sunday Herald]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2302208|Sunday newspaper]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-02-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7639435|Sunday Live]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3655833|Sunset Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1932" | 1932 | |- | ''[[:d:Q138772740|SVR-Baureihe G4]]'' | ''[[:d:Q20650761|tender locomotive]]'' | [[File:SVR G4 Nr. 186 Lieferfoto.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16884098|Swanston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112039696|Swim School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Swim School (52074599463).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65958455|Sword of Asumi]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q689445|visual novel]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3502845|tablet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110220935|Sinterklaas candy]]'' | [[File:Butter tablet.JPG|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60754147|Talisk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:"Talisk and Gardiner Brothers presents Unleashed" concert 04.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q140088849|Tanzana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Tanzana - 482.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2023" | 2023 | | |- | [[Tartan]] | | [[File:Three tartans.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q944307|Tartan Noir]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q1328330|hardboiled]]'' |- | [[Tattie scone]] | | [[File:Scone varieties.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7691104|Tea Time for the Traditionally Built]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7691183|Teacher's Highland Cream]]'' | ''[[:d:Q40050|drink]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | [[File:Teacher's Highland Cream 20cl bottle 1.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4148516|Tears of the Giraffe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q54868317|Teenage Superstars]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | ''[[:d:Q93204|documentarie film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113539814|Tete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98151017|Q98151017]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1121471|paddle steamer]]'' | [[File:Lancha canhoneira Tete (1ª) (1871-1879).jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7711289|That Summer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2717772|The Abbot]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:The Abbot 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7712228|The Accounting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7712251|The Acid House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | ''[[:d:Q8253|feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7714323|The Arran Banner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q743137|The Associates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Billy-Mackenzie-Dundee-Scotland-1985.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979 | | ''[[:d:Q598929|post-punk]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3791280|The Bedroom Secrets of the Master Chefs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3232591|The Betrothed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Betrothed 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7717598|The Big Dish]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1983" | 1983 | | [[pop muisic]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7718176|The Bishop]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7718257|The Black Book]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224969|The Black Dwarf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Sir Walter Scott - Elshie, The Black Dwarf.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1816" | 1816-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1217958|The Blue Afternoon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2411893|The Body Snatcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Wrong Box and The Body-Snatcher book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-12 | ''[[:d:Q16575965|horror fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q34521753|The Book of Scottish Song]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7719471|The Botanist]]'' | | [[File:The Botanist Islay Dry Gin 03.tif|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q896059|The Boys of the Lough]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43343|fowk muisic]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35600286|The Bridal Day]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2659725|The Bride of Lammermoor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Charles Robert Leslie - Sir Walter Scott - Ravenswood and Lucy at the Mermaiden's Well - Bride of Lammermoor.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4304488|The Bridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34523326|The Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16849669|The Busconductor Hines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600393|The Bush aboon Traquair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720737|The Business]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7720943|The Cairngorms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1928" | 1928 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20617543|The Celtic Monthly]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1876" | 1876 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7721856|The Celtic View]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727087|The Complaints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7727319|The Cone Gatherers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19902801|The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Cookery Book of Lady Clark of Tillypronie cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909 | [[cuikin]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85806850|The Cotter's Saturday Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The toil-worn cottar....engraving by William Miller after Faed.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1786" | 1786 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727846|The Course of Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1827" | 1827 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7727866|The Courts of the Morning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16241321|The Crow Road]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7728533|The Cutting Room]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7728834|The Dancing Floor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926<br/>1926-07 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q48799259|The Dark Horse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | [[File:The Dark Horse Issue 17.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730406|The Divided Lady]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7730727|The Double Comfort Safari Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19362881|The dress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2927074|internet meme]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123261191|optical illusion image]]'' | [[File:Wikipe-tan wearing The Dress reduced.svg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4674957|The Ebb-Tide. A Trio and a Quartette]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson's new story, The ebb-tide.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1894" | 1894 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q52243476|The Emigrant's Farewell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1819" | 1819 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3209885|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Fair Maid of Perth Illustration 1859.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1828" | 1828-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7733256|The Falls]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16062387|The Field of Blood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85807163|The Fire Gospel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734296|The Five Thirty Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7734499|The Flood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3230799|The Fortunes of Nigel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Nigel 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q69780430|The Fourth Sacrifice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | ''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7735651|The Gallovidian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1899" | 1899 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106877405|The ghost]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | data-sort-value="1796" | 1796 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7736610|The Girl on the Stairs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5937792|crime fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7960828|The Good Husband of Zebra Drive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7738170|The Green Isle of the Great Deep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7738755|The Hanging Garden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2091094|The Heart of Midlothian]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Whistler James Arrangement in Yellow and Grey Effie Deans 1877.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1818" | 1818 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q109622189|The Hermit of Treig]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11578774|broadcasting program]]''<br/>[[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2022" | 2022-03-05 | |- | [[The High Life (1994 TV series)|The High Life]] | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7739651|The Highlander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1873" | 1873-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7739797|The History of Orkney Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q76780872|The Home of a Naturalist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q112983|memoir]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7740720|The House with the Green Shutters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16386409|The Island of Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1936" | 1936 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7743629|The Journal of Sir Walter Scott]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Journal of Sir Walter Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890 | ''[[:d:Q185598|diary]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q4148524|The Kalahari Typing School for Men]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7744522|The King Who Wished to Marry His Daughter]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50400004|The Laird o' Cockpen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q38063812|The Laird o' Lamington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843 | |- | ''[[:d:Q39071320|The Late Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7746381|The Law]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Law.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7747260|The Light Princess]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1864" | 1864 | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16386716|The Little Friend]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1929" | 1929 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7748150|The Loner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011-03-31 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20664530|crime literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3521717|The Mackenzies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7749994|The Man Who Wouldn't Stand Up]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2615930|The Master of Ballantrae]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Themasterofballantreacover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3232887|The Merry Men and Other Tales and Fables]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Merrymencover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1887" | 1887 | |- | ''[[:d:Q137362964|The Minstrel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1771" | 1771<br/>1774 | [[Poetry]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7751631|The Miracle at Speedy Motors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6585139|mystery fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q25171819|The Missing and the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2015" | 2015 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3224650|The Monastery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Monastery 1820.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1820" | 1820 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7752117|The Month of the Falling Leaves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q125415042|The monthly record of the Free Church of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q102974587|The Mountains of Holland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1062404|artist's book]]'' | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136468173|The Munros]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753075|The Naming of the Dead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2006" | 2006 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | [[The National]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014-11-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7753227|The National Youth Pipe Band of Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21997676|The Natural History of Aleppo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1756" | 1756 | |- | ''[[:d:Q89554752|The Nest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q67175872|thriller television series]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7754192|The Nightshift]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65121308|The Nine]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7754620|The Oban Times]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]''<br/>[[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399414|The Old Scottish Gentleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30504|The Pastels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Pastels.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982 | | ''[[:d:Q11366|alternative rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3225628|The Pirate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Pirate 1822.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111143082|pirate fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q133225145|The Place-Names of Dumfriesshire]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1935" | 1935 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7757907|The Power-House]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1916" | 1916 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2992437|The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1824" | 1824 | ''[[:d:Q110540276|satirical fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20669641|Gothic fiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20737414|philosophical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16259578|The Quarry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2013" | 2013-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7759357|The Rajah's Diamond]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:The Rajah's Diamond Cover.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878<br/>1878-06 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q27887393|The Red Chair]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3305213|paintin]]'' | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | | ''[[:d:Q170571|still life]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7760409|The Return of John MacNab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399585|The Rose of Allandale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762300|The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2011" | 2011 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762630|The Scots Independent]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3522619|The Scots Magazine]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1739" | 1739-02-09 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713036|The Scots Peerage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q277759|book series]]'' | [[File:The Scots Peerage book cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107019566|The Scottish educational journal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762640|The Scottish Golf Show]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7762742|The Sea-Maiden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Celtic Fairy Tales - Frontispiece.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18153910|The Sex Lives of Siamese Twins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7763696|The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | [[File:Thomas Barker (1769-1847) (style of) - A Shepherdess and Sheep - 960240 - National Trust.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[The Shetland Times]] | [[newspaper]] | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3235628|The Silverado Squatters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Silveradosquatters.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1883" | 1883 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7764640|The Skinny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005 | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399516|The Soldier's Grave]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18163405|The Spook School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:The Spook School (band).jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | | ''[[:d:Q842324|indie pop]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7766351|The Stars in the Bright Sky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2010" | 2010 | ''[[:d:Q6647667|high literature]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q151337|The State of the Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7766457|The Steep Approach to Garbadale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7766664|The Stooping Venus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20713321|The Strange Death of Labour Scotland]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2012" | 2012 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2468419|The Suicide Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Image taken from page 296 of 'The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond. (Extracted from “New Arabian Nights.)' (11230166996).jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1878" | 1878 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2414509|The Supernaturals]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7767999|The Tale of the Shifty Lad, the Widow's Son]]'' | ''[[:d:Q699|fairy tale]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17022016|The Tales of Para Handy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q170238|sitcom]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q952340|The Talisman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Talisman 1825.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1825" | 1825-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1438448|The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193495|monograph]]'' | [[File:Adam Smith Moral Sentiments 1759.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1759" | 1759 | ''[[:d:Q742609|human naitur]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7769008|The Three Hostages]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97823855|The Tourists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24862|short film]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q2537887|The Two Babylons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Two-babylons.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1853" | 1853 | ''[[:d:Q18536349|polemical lampoon]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019665|The Unicorn review]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3230605|The Valorous Years]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1940" | 1940 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7772590|The View from Daniel Pike]]'' | [[Telly programme|televeesion programme]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q35600464|The Widow's Lament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7775906|The World, the Flesh, and Father Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2753955|The Wrecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Robert Louis Stevenson, 1885.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | data-sort-value="1892" | 1892 | ''[[:d:Q21802675|adventure fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q3548866|The Wrong Box]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Thewrongboxcover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1889" | 1889 | ''[[:d:Q53094|black comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q15015194|Theory of the Earth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Trans Royal Society of Edinburgh cover.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q65580287|There Grows a Bonnie Brier Bush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q35599554|There lives a young lassie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7785209|Thirty-five years in the Punjab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7797011|Thoughts of My Cats]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | ''[[:d:Q213051|non-feection]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7801277|tiffin]]'' | | [[File:Scottish Tiffin.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q141662479|Till the Bells Ring]]'' | [[film]] | | data-sort-value="1925" | 1925 | data-sort-value="1926" | 1926-10-11<br/>1926-01-28 | ''[[:d:Q157443|comedy film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7802867|Tilllate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7810921|To Every Man a Penny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949 | |- | ''[[:d:Q130442608|Tongues.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7824261|Tooth and Nail]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | ''[[:d:Q186424|detective fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7824470|Top Club]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110363629|Torridon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10700627|Tottie family]]'' | [[Faimily|faimlie]] | [[File:Tottieska malmgården 2009b.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105722111|Towers of Everland]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q10915891|TRA Class BT40]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19832486|locomotive class]]'' | [[File:Taiwan Railway Steam Locomotive No. 71.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | [[Trainspotting (novel)|Trainspotting]] | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | ''[[:d:Q7834250|transgressive fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q107019751|Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3997517|Transition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009-09-03 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7834524|Translation and Literature]]'' | ''[[:d:Q737498|academic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5633421|scienteefic journal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2217301|serial]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1002697|periodical leiteratur]]'' | | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124720713|Transport Tycoon: World Editor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q209163|expansion add-on]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q848362|Tremulous]]'' | [[video gemme]] | [[File:Tremulous - alien base grenade.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="2005" | 2005-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q185029|first-person shuiter]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q748677|Turtlehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[Punk rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50399436|Two Original Songs by Tannahill]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17104407|Two Wings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2009" | 2009 | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56244892|Tytler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q101352|faimily name]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3965250|Under the Skin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000 | [[Science fiction|science feection]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7897476|Unsolved]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-01-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q34223348|Up amang yon cliffy rocks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3331189|edeetion]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7899993|Urban Realm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|magazine]]'' | | data-sort-value="1922" | 1922 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7900177|Urban the Ninth]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7875683|USS Yacona]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7605392|steam yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1303735|survey vessel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2601071|royal yacht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331795|patrol vessel]]'' | [[File:Iate Amélia III.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1518444|Vat 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q167270|trademark]]''<br/>[[Whisky]] | [[File:Whisky VAT69.jpg|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124045104|Verdict Guilty - 유죄 평결]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016-06-13<br/>2023-02-16<br/>2023-03-15<br/>2023-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q846224|fechtin gemme]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7923296|Vespers in Vienna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96414055|Vistas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q183504|indie rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1342485|Von Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61881575|Swedish noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4349149|nobility of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10536391|introduced nobility of Sweden]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q808113|Walking on Glass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985-03-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115046742|Walmer Castle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12859788|steamship]]'' | | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127032002|WARD (Scottish)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q87712836|Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q472055|strategy video gemme]]'' |- | [[Wast Hieland White Tarrie|Wast Hieland White Terrier]] | ''[[:d:Q39367|dog breed]]'' | [[File:West Highland White Terrier Krakow.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7973169|Watchman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7977735|We See Lights]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:We See Lights at the Leith Dockers Club.jpg|center|128px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q42201|independent music]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q1213386|Weir of Hermiston]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | [[File:Stevenson - Weir of Hermiston (1896).title.jpg|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1896" | 1896 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7989828|Westwind]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | ''[[:d:Q182015|thriller]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q17066530|When They Lay Bare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999 | |- | [[Whisky]] | | [[File:A Glass of Whiskey on the Rocks.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7887604|Whisky Galore]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1947" | 1947 | ''[[:d:Q193979|farce]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40831|comedy]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q7994093|Whit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7995483|White Trash]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | [[pop muisic]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60421981|Who's That Lady With My Man]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7366|sang]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134556|single]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976 | ''[[:d:Q517415|Europop]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58339|disco]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q55642686|Wigilia]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2014" | 2014 | ''[[:d:Q28026639|Christmas film]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q16531882|William Lawson's]]'' | ''[[:d:Q80359036|alcohol brand]]'' | | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50399803|Willie was a wanton wag]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17039057|Witch Hunt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8027856|Witch Wood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1927" | 1927 | ''[[:d:Q1196408|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q135975528|Without Permission]]'' | [[film]] | | | data-sort-value="2025" | 2025 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8028891|Wknd@stv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5398426|televeesion series]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2257155|Wolfstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | [[File:Stuart et Colin.JPG|center|128px]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | ''[[:d:Q2662148|Celtic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q606060|women's association football]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10708051|competition class]]'' | [[File:Pepi Piazza.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3003796|women's lacrosse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2312410|sports discipline]]'' | [[File:Womens lacrosse1.jpg|center|128px]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569843|Woodstock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q47461344|written work]]'' | [[File:Frontispiece 1863 Woodstock-neat.png|center|128px]] | | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-04-28 | ''[[:d:Q136472|historical fiction]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8036851|Worm of Linton]]'' | [[draigon]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130777372|Wrest]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017 | | ''[[:d:Q186472|folk rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q8038539|Writing on the Wall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q206159|psychedelic rock]]'' |- | ''[[:d:Q113301675|Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' | [[video gemme]] | | | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113644471|Ye Banks and Braes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1788" | 1788 | |- | ''[[:d:Q80133851|Young Hunting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105543609|musical work/composition]]'' | | | | [[Rock muisic|rock]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20714233|Your Cheatin' Heart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1259759|miniseries]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5839193|Éire Óg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27962852|Étrangers au paradis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7725634|leeterary wirk]]'' | | | data-sort-value="1959" | 1959 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97587415|Ímar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q215380|muisic baund]]'' | | data-sort-value="2016" | 2016 | | ''[[:d:Q854451|Celtic music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17018487|Scottish folk music]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771297|English folk music]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} gzupoy40u42231hpkwlu8us3lob1jj0 0 233954 925742 923848 2026-11-05T00:43:04Z NoahGeo 129838 925742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ryalty |embed= |name=Haakon VIII |title=Keeng o Norawa |image=File:King_Haakon_VIII_arrives_Stortinget_03_(1x3_cropped).jpg |caption=Haakon in 2026 |succession=Keeng o Norawa |reign=28 August 2026 - present |predecessor=Harald V |suc-type=Heir apparent |successor=Ingrid Alexandra |birth_name= |birth_date=20 Julie 1973 |birth_place=the Naitional infirmary, Oslo, Norawa |spouse= Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby |issue= Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra<br> Prince Sverre Magnus |full name=Haakon Magnus |house= Glücksburg }} '''Haakon VIII''' (Haakon Magnus, 20 Julie 1973) is the King o [[Norawa]], that haes been ringin sin 28 August 2026 efter the deith o his faither King [[Harald V o Norawa|Harald V.]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Doherty|first=Caitlin|last2=Yeung|first2=Tinshui|date=2026-08-28|title=King Haakon VIII takes the throne in Norway following death of Harald V - follow live|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/cm36lpzwglrwt|access-date=2026-08-28|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> He haes been mairit tae Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby syne 2001, thegither they hae twa bairns, Croun Princess Alexandra an Prince Sverre Magnus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frontpage|url=https://www.royalcourt.no/|access-date=2026-08-28|website=www.royalcourt.no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260828064407/https://www.royalcourt.no/|archive-date=2026-08-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haakon VIII wis the youngest bairn o King [[Harald V o Norawa|Harald V]], but acause o Norawas succession laws at the time o his birth, he teuk ower his aulder sister, Princess Märtha Louise in the line o succession. Syne then, the law has chynged an his dochter Ingrid Alexandra is the current Croun Princess. ==References== {{reflist}} 4p7mc5kzkxuozd756kv7p6ktm4s76ls 10 234228 925722 2026-11-04T20:08:07Z Cobra 3000 28371 Made page wi "{{FP |eemage=[[File:Palace of Justice, Bucharest - outdoor night photo.JPG|300px]] |descrive=The Palace o Juistice, in [[Bucharest]], in [[Romanie]]. }}" 925722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FP |eemage=[[File:Palace of Justice, Bucharest - outdoor night photo.JPG|300px]] |descrive=The Palace o Juistice, in [[Bucharest]], in [[Romanie]]. }} 76jkq4diaiprnug06kkhq75bsz2koz7