Wikipedia:Mercat Cross

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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' Ask for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag on this page. This wiki follaes the [[m:bot policy|staundart bot policy]], an alloos [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] an [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval o some kinds o bot]]. Ither bots shoud apply ablo, an then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|ask a steward for access]] if there's nae objection.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==

''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 September 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 09:29, 9 October 2026 (UTC)
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== (In Inglis) Wikimedian of the year and Community Celebration ==

(In Inglis)
Hi and apologies for having to message in English. I wanted to make sure this community was aware of two events as I think it's important all of our UK language Wikipedias get fair representation!

Firstly we're accepting nominations for &quot;Wikimedian of the Year&quot; again. So if there is someone who does stellar work here, a newer editor who you'd like to celebrate or there's an organisation doing great work on Wiki you can nominate through this form: [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=google.com&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vZm9ybXMvZC9lLzFGQUlwUUxTY2l1NnBWN2ZwTXgxalVOWXd4RVNuZmtqVC1DR3dHeUxKMW5sMi1HMnRQU3YyUURRL3ZpZXdmb3Jt&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=dTNSS0Y0VllHVlJuRmx2Y3p0bUJYRDhPaGpXZFh4YzR2TTVUOGlOMHRXTT0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSciu6pV7fpMx1jUNYwxESnfkjT-CGwGyLJ1nl2-G2tPSv2QDQ/viewform] The more information you can give the panel in your nomination the better!

Secondly, our online community celebration is happening on 22nd November 11am to 1pm. You can register here [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=eventbrite.co.uk&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXZlbnRicml0ZS5jby51ay9lL29ubGluZS13aWtpbWVkaWEtdWstMjAyNi1jb21tdW5pdHktY2VsZWJyYXRpb24tdGlja2V0cy0xOTk1OTE3OTA2MTg2&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=L2g2dGhJQ2lYekFBVEQ4S1N1dUVuY056K0E5OUMyVUdsNE1yVUFRSnFjST0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2026-community-celebration-tickets-1995917906186]. If you'd potentially be interested in talking for 5 minutes about something you've been doing on wiki please email the organiser [mailto:rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk] and she can advise on if she is still accepting speakers. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:24, 13 October 2026 (UTC)

== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

* Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|sco}}.
* If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

* Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 October 2026 (UTC)
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== BroonieBot: Bot flag request ==

A'm askin for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. A'm its operator an A answer for ilka edit it maks. The scope is braid on purpose: it's for simple chynges that need daein on monie pages at aince.

'''Whit it wid dae'''
* Sort links efter a page is muived (broken links an double redirects), keepin the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates an categories, an muive pages, whaur a new title's been greed, then fix whit points tae them.
* Fix clear errors that's no a maitter o opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, an typos that's wrang in ony spellin.
* Style an spellin fixes that follae the wiki's ain guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that's been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] wi nae objection.

'''Whit it widnae dae'''
* Edit uiser pages (ither than its ain) or ony talk pages.

'''Hou it warks'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool A've written for the job. Ilka job is a short rule file wi examples it has tae pass, an the tool checks ilka kind o chynge itsel. A can share the source code wi onybody that's interestit.
* Ilka run is a dry run first. It willnae edit till A've signed aff thon exact set o chynges, an it checks ilka chynge again afore savin it. Ony run can be undone wi wan command.
* Bi default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; an titles o warks alane.
* It edits at a steady pace an backs aff when the servers is busy.
* Tae stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or chynge [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] frae 'oan' tae onythin else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch wis aff.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied frae here: it edited the 11 that needed it an left the ither 14 alane (poems, names lik ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions haurd cases].

If there's nae objection, A'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linkin back tae this.

A've ettled tae mak this detailt acause it's a generalised app raither nor a wan-aff script, but if there's ony mair questions A'm happy tae answer them.

'''English''' (for the stewards on Meta):

I'm asking for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. I'm its operator and I answer for every edit it makes. The scope is broad on purpose: it's for simple changes that need doing across many pages at once.

'''What it would do'''
* Fix links after a page is moved (broken links and double redirects), keeping the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates and categories, and move pages, where a new title has been agreed, then fix what points to them.
* Fix clear errors that aren't a matter of opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, and typos that are wrong in any spelling.
* Style and spelling fixes that follow the wiki's own guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that have been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] with no objection.

'''What it won't do'''
* Edit user pages (other than its own) or any talk pages.

'''How it works'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool I've written for the job. Each job is a short rule file with examples it must pass, and the tool checks each kind of change itself. I can share the source code with anyone who's interested.
* Every run is a dry run first. It won't edit until I've signed off that exact set of changes, and it checks each change again before saving it. Any run can be undone with one command.
* By default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and titles of works alone.
* It edits at a steady pace and backs off when the servers are busy.
* To stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or change [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] from 'oan' to anything else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch was off.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied from here: it edited the 11 that needed it and left the other 14 alone (poems, names like ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions hard cases].

If there are no objections, I'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linking back to this.

I've tried to make this detailed because it's a general-purpose application rather than a one-off script, but if there are any more questions I'm happy to answer them. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 13:42, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

== Invisible comments ==
A noticed that mony o our pages haes the followin invisible comment in their infoboxes: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
Think ye that it'd be guid if A (or a different body, disnae matter) craeftit a script that wud owerset it tae Scots in aw the airticles uisin it? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 04:08, 10 November 2026 (UTC)

== Barnstars ==
''(flittit frae Monospaced's uiser collogue page)''
There isnae ony barnstar templates here, an A think we sud mak ane. Sud we uise the Inglis version, or owerset it tae Scots, e.g. &quot;Bernstarn&quot; or summat. (Nae idea gin &quot;bernstarn&quot; is guid Scots, acause ma Scots in general isnae vera guid). [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 15:49, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

:A had tae luik up whit a [[:en:Barnstar|barnstar]] actually wis tae think whit it'd be in Scots, A've anely ever seen it on Wikipedia! It's gey American, an ither Wikipedias seem tae owerset it, sae we coud caw it somethin mair local. Braw idea, we should tak it up at the [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]]. A gree we should hae mair things lik that, wi airticles an aw, the noo they're aither guid or broken. 
:Yer Scots seems guid btw, it's hard tae get intae writin it formally whan we aw maistly spik it. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 16:08, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::A'm American an A'v ne'er seen them ootside Wikipedia an aw. They're maistly a rural American thing. Sae aye, A think ye'r richt that we sud owerset it. Afore A pit a proposal on the Mercat Cross, whit owerset(s) of &quot;barnstar&quot; dae ye think are the best? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:18, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:::[[Uiser_collogue:Cobra_3000#A_barnstar_for_you!]] We'v eesed barnstars afore [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:35, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks, A didnae ken. We sud make Category:Bernstern awairds actually exist, but. Create a wee bit mair templates an aw, acause jist ane template fur iss is a wee bit lackin. [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:48, 9 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' Ask for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag on this page. This wiki follaes the [[m:bot policy|staundart bot policy]], an alloos [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] an [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval o some kinds o bot]]. Ither bots shoud apply ablo, an then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|ask a steward for access]] if there's nae objection.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==

''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 September 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=31067433 --&gt;

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 09:29, 9 October 2026 (UTC)
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== (In Inglis) Wikimedian of the year and Community Celebration ==

(In Inglis)
Hi and apologies for having to message in English. I wanted to make sure this community was aware of two events as I think it's important all of our UK language Wikipedias get fair representation!

Firstly we're accepting nominations for &quot;Wikimedian of the Year&quot; again. So if there is someone who does stellar work here, a newer editor who you'd like to celebrate or there's an organisation doing great work on Wiki you can nominate through this form: [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=google.com&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vZm9ybXMvZC9lLzFGQUlwUUxTY2l1NnBWN2ZwTXgxalVOWXd4RVNuZmtqVC1DR3dHeUxKMW5sMi1HMnRQU3YyUURRL3ZpZXdmb3Jt&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=dTNSS0Y0VllHVlJuRmx2Y3p0bUJYRDhPaGpXZFh4YzR2TTVUOGlOMHRXTT0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSciu6pV7fpMx1jUNYwxESnfkjT-CGwGyLJ1nl2-G2tPSv2QDQ/viewform] The more information you can give the panel in your nomination the better!

Secondly, our online community celebration is happening on 22nd November 11am to 1pm. You can register here [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=eventbrite.co.uk&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXZlbnRicml0ZS5jby51ay9lL29ubGluZS13aWtpbWVkaWEtdWstMjAyNi1jb21tdW5pdHktY2VsZWJyYXRpb24tdGlja2V0cy0xOTk1OTE3OTA2MTg2&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=L2g2dGhJQ2lYekFBVEQ4S1N1dUVuY056K0E5OUMyVUdsNE1yVUFRSnFjST0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2026-community-celebration-tickets-1995917906186]. If you'd potentially be interested in talking for 5 minutes about something you've been doing on wiki please email the organiser [mailto:rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk] and she can advise on if she is still accepting speakers. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:24, 13 October 2026 (UTC)

== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

* Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|sco}}.
* If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

* Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 October 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;

== BroonieBot: Bot flag request ==

A'm askin for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. A'm its operator an A answer for ilka edit it maks. The scope is braid on purpose: it's for simple chynges that need daein on monie pages at aince.

'''Whit it wid dae'''
* Sort links efter a page is muived (broken links an double redirects), keepin the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates an categories, an muive pages, whaur a new title's been greed, then fix whit points tae them.
* Fix clear errors that's no a maitter o opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, an typos that's wrang in ony spellin.
* Style an spellin fixes that follae the wiki's ain guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that's been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] wi nae objection.

'''Whit it widnae dae'''
* Edit uiser pages (ither than its ain) or ony talk pages.

'''Hou it warks'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool A've written for the job. Ilka job is a short rule file wi examples it has tae pass, an the tool checks ilka kind o chynge itsel. A can share the source code wi onybody that's interestit.
* Ilka run is a dry run first. It willnae edit till A've signed aff thon exact set o chynges, an it checks ilka chynge again afore savin it. Ony run can be undone wi wan command.
* Bi default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; an titles o warks alane.
* It edits at a steady pace an backs aff when the servers is busy.
* Tae stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or chynge [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] frae 'oan' tae onythin else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch wis aff.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied frae here: it edited the 11 that needed it an left the ither 14 alane (poems, names lik ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions haurd cases].

If there's nae objection, A'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linkin back tae this.

A've ettled tae mak this detailt acause it's a generalised app raither nor a wan-aff script, but if there's ony mair questions A'm happy tae answer them.

'''English''' (for the stewards on Meta):

I'm asking for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. I'm its operator and I answer for every edit it makes. The scope is broad on purpose: it's for simple changes that need doing across many pages at once.

'''What it would do'''
* Fix links after a page is moved (broken links and double redirects), keeping the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates and categories, and move pages, where a new title has been agreed, then fix what points to them.
* Fix clear errors that aren't a matter of opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, and typos that are wrong in any spelling.
* Style and spelling fixes that follow the wiki's own guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that have been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] with no objection.

'''What it won't do'''
* Edit user pages (other than its own) or any talk pages.

'''How it works'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool I've written for the job. Each job is a short rule file with examples it must pass, and the tool checks each kind of change itself. I can share the source code with anyone who's interested.
* Every run is a dry run first. It won't edit until I've signed off that exact set of changes, and it checks each change again before saving it. Any run can be undone with one command.
* By default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and titles of works alone.
* It edits at a steady pace and backs off when the servers are busy.
* To stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or change [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] from 'oan' to anything else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch was off.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied from here: it edited the 11 that needed it and left the other 14 alone (poems, names like ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions hard cases].

If there are no objections, I'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linking back to this.

I've tried to make this detailed because it's a general-purpose application rather than a one-off script, but if there are any more questions I'm happy to answer them. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 13:42, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

== Invisible comments ==
A noticed that mony o our pages haes the followin invisible comment in their infoboxes: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
Think ye that it'd be guid if A (or a different body, disnae matter) craeftit a script that wud owerset it tae Scots in aw the airticles uisin it? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 04:08, 10 November 2026 (UTC)

== Barnstars ==
''(flittit frae Monospaced's uiser collogue page)''
There isnae ony barnstar templates here, an A think we sud mak ane. Sud we uise the Inglis version, or owerset it tae Scots, e.g. &quot;Bernstarn&quot; or summat. (Nae idea gin &quot;bernstarn&quot; is guid Scots, acause ma Scots in general isnae vera guid). [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 15:49, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

:A had tae luik up whit a [[:en:Barnstar|barnstar]] actually wis tae think whit it'd be in Scots, A've anely ever seen it on Wikipedia! It's gey American, an ither Wikipedias seem tae owerset it, sae we coud caw it somethin mair local. Braw idea, we should tak it up at the [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]]. A gree we should hae mair things lik that, wi airticles an aw, the noo they're aither guid or broken. 
:Yer Scots seems guid btw, it's hard tae get intae writin it formally whan we aw maistly spik it. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 16:08, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::A'm American an A'v ne'er seen them ootside Wikipedia an aw. They're maistly a rural American thing. Sae aye, A think ye'r richt that we sud owerset it. Afore A pit a proposal on the Mercat Cross, whit owerset(s) of &quot;barnstar&quot; dae ye think are the best? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:18, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:::[[Uiser_collogue:Cobra_3000#A_barnstar_for_you!]] We'v eesed barnstars afore [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:35, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks, A didnae ken. We sud make Category:Bernstern awairds actually exist, but. Create a wee bit mair templates an aw, acause jist ane template fur iss is a wee bit lackin. [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:48, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:Jist flittit iss tae Mercat Cross, it's a mair appropriate place at iss point [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 13:00, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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[[File:Mercat Cross, Edinburgh.jpg|right|200px]]
Walcome tae the Mercat Cross! This is the airt tae tauk aboot the technical wirkins o the Wikipedia.

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #add8e6; padding: 5px 15px; border-radius: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;Tae raise or discuss spellin o Scots wirds, an which we shuid be uisin, please gaun tae '''[[Wikipedia: Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]]'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* '''sco:''' Ask for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag on this page. This wiki follaes the [[m:bot policy|staundart bot policy]], an alloos [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] an [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval o some kinds o bot]]. Ither bots shoud apply ablo, an then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|ask a steward for access]] if there's nae objection.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

*Archives: [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/1|1]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/2|2]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/3|3]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/4|4]] · [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5|5]] ·

{{TOC limit|2}}

&lt;!--Automatic archive configuration begins --&gt;
{{Uiser:MABot/config
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}} &lt;!-- Automatic archive configuration ends --&gt;

== (In Inglis) Wikimedian of the year and Community Celebration ==

(In Inglis)
Hi and apologies for having to message in English. I wanted to make sure this community was aware of two events as I think it's important all of our UK language Wikipedias get fair representation!

Firstly we're accepting nominations for &quot;Wikimedian of the Year&quot; again. So if there is someone who does stellar work here, a newer editor who you'd like to celebrate or there's an organisation doing great work on Wiki you can nominate through this form: [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=google.com&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly9kb2NzLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vZm9ybXMvZC9lLzFGQUlwUUxTY2l1NnBWN2ZwTXgxalVOWXd4RVNuZmtqVC1DR3dHeUxKMW5sMi1HMnRQU3YyUURRL3ZpZXdmb3Jt&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=dTNSS0Y0VllHVlJuRmx2Y3p0bUJYRDhPaGpXZFh4YzR2TTVUOGlOMHRXTT0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSciu6pV7fpMx1jUNYwxESnfkjT-CGwGyLJ1nl2-G2tPSv2QDQ/viewform] The more information you can give the panel in your nomination the better!

Secondly, our online community celebration is happening on 22nd November 11am to 1pm. You can register here [https://eu-west-1.protection.sophos.com/?d=eventbrite.co.uk&amp;u=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXZlbnRicml0ZS5jby51ay9lL29ubGluZS13aWtpbWVkaWEtdWstMjAyNi1jb21tdW5pdHktY2VsZWJyYXRpb24tdGlja2V0cy0xOTk1OTE3OTA2MTg2&amp;i=NjVhZmE0ZjY3MDExZmY1Y2Q3NDE3Yjkx&amp;t=L2g2dGhJQ2lYekFBVEQ4S1N1dUVuY056K0E5OUMyVUdsNE1yVUFRSnFjST0=&amp;h=bd583ddd03f94a8cbac9e5cc60b9867f&amp;s=AVNPUEhUT0NFTkNSWVBUSVZrWAEExVy8KX0niY8TC-lq0ekobLfFOBZ_rOXRtXVTPA https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2026-community-celebration-tickets-1995917906186]. If you'd potentially be interested in talking for 5 minutes about something you've been doing on wiki please email the organiser [mailto:rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk rupal.karia@wikimedia.org.uk] and she can advise on if she is still accepting speakers. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:24, 13 October 2026 (UTC)

== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

* Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|sco}}.
* If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

* Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 October 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;

== BroonieBot: Bot flag request ==

A'm askin for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. A'm its operator an A answer for ilka edit it maks. The scope is braid on purpose: it's for simple chynges that need daein on monie pages at aince.

'''Whit it wid dae'''
* Sort links efter a page is muived (broken links an double redirects), keepin the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates an categories, an muive pages, whaur a new title's been greed, then fix whit points tae them.
* Fix clear errors that's no a maitter o opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, an typos that's wrang in ony spellin.
* Style an spellin fixes that follae the wiki's ain guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that's been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] wi nae objection.

'''Whit it widnae dae'''
* Edit uiser pages (ither than its ain) or ony talk pages.

'''Hou it warks'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool A've written for the job. Ilka job is a short rule file wi examples it has tae pass, an the tool checks ilka kind o chynge itsel. A can share the source code wi onybody that's interestit.
* Ilka run is a dry run first. It willnae edit till A've signed aff thon exact set o chynges, an it checks ilka chynge again afore savin it. Ony run can be undone wi wan command.
* Bi default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; an titles o warks alane.
* It edits at a steady pace an backs aff when the servers is busy.
* Tae stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or chynge [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] frae 'oan' tae onythin else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch wis aff.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied frae here: it edited the 11 that needed it an left the ither 14 alane (poems, names lik ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions haurd cases].

If there's nae objection, A'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linkin back tae this.

A've ettled tae mak this detailt acause it's a generalised app raither nor a wan-aff script, but if there's ony mair questions A'm happy tae answer them.

'''English''' (for the stewards on Meta):

I'm asking for the bot flag on [[User:BroonieBot|BroonieBot]]. I'm its operator and I answer for every edit it makes. The scope is broad on purpose: it's for simple changes that need doing across many pages at once.

'''What it would do'''
* Fix links after a page is moved (broken links and double redirects), keeping the text the reader sees.
* Rename templates and categories, and move pages, where a new title has been agreed, then fix what points to them.
* Fix clear errors that aren't a matter of opinion: broken markup, broken file links, citation template errors, and typos that are wrong in any spelling.
* Style and spelling fixes that follow the wiki's own guidance ([[Wikipedia:Style Haundbeuk|Style Haundbeuk]], [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar|Spellin an grammar]]), or that have been raised at [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle|Spellin Fettle]] or [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] with no objection.

'''What it won't do'''
* Edit user pages (other than its own) or any talk pages.

'''How it works'''
* It runs on a Python command-line tool I've written for the job. Each job is a short rule file with examples it must pass, and the tool checks each kind of change itself. I can share the source code with anyone who's interested.
* Every run is a dry run first. It won't edit until I've signed off that exact set of changes, and it checks each change again before saving it. Any run can be undone with one command.
* By default it leaves quotations, text in &lt;nowiki&gt;{{lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and titles of works alone.
* It edits at a steady pace and backs off when the servers are busy.
* To stop it, leave a message on [[User talk:BroonieBot]] or change [[User:BroonieBot/Run]] from 'oan' to anything else ('aff', for example).

'''Tests'''
* A single page on test.wikipedia: [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783658&amp;oldid=783657 edit], [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:BroonieBot/Test_1&amp;diff=783659&amp;oldid=783658 undo], &lt;nowiki&gt;{{nobots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; skipped, stopped when the switch was off.
* A rehearsal on 25 pages copied from here: it edited the 11 that needed it and left the other 14 alone (poems, names like ''Tam o' Shanter'', quotations). [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/BroonieBot Its edits]; [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BroonieBot/Stage/Exceptions hard cases].

If there are no objections, I'll ask a steward on Meta for the bot flag, linking back to this.

I've tried to make this detailed because it's a general-purpose application rather than a one-off script, but if there are any more questions I'm happy to answer them. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 13:42, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

== Invisible comments ==

A noticed that mony o our pages haes the followin invisible comment in their infoboxes: &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
Think ye that it'd be guid if A (or a different body, disnae matter) craeftit a script that wud owerset it tae Scots in aw the airticles uisin it? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 04:08, 10 November 2026 (UTC)

== Barnstars ==

''(flittit frae Monospaced's uiser collogue page)''
There isnae ony barnstar templates here, an A think we sud mak ane. Sud we uise the Inglis version, or owerset it tae Scots, e.g. &quot;Bernstarn&quot; or summat. (Nae idea gin &quot;bernstarn&quot; is guid Scots, acause ma Scots in general isnae vera guid). [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 15:49, 9 November 2026 (UTC)

:A had tae luik up whit a [[:en:Barnstar|barnstar]] actually wis tae think whit it'd be in Scots, A've anely ever seen it on Wikipedia! It's gey American, an ither Wikipedias seem tae owerset it, sae we coud caw it somethin mair local. Braw idea, we should tak it up at the [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]]. A gree we should hae mair things lik that, wi airticles an aw, the noo they're aither guid or broken. 
:Yer Scots seems guid btw, it's hard tae get intae writin it formally whan we aw maistly spik it. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 16:08, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::A'm American an A'v ne'er seen them ootside Wikipedia an aw. They're maistly a rural American thing. Sae aye, A think ye'r richt that we sud owerset it. Afore A pit a proposal on the Mercat Cross, whit owerset(s) of &quot;barnstar&quot; dae ye think are the best? [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:18, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:::[[Uiser_collogue:Cobra_3000#A_barnstar_for_you!]] We'v eesed barnstars afore [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 16:35, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks, A didnae ken. We sud make Category:Bernstern awairds actually exist, but. Create a wee bit mair templates an aw, acause jist ane template fur iss is a wee bit lackin. [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 16:48, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:Jist flittit iss tae Mercat Cross, it's a mair appropriate place at iss point [[Uiser:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[Uiser collogue:Grilledcheeseisgreat|tauk]]) 13:00, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Pier</title>
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[[File:Suontee in Joutsa.jpg|right|thumb|300px| A pier in Lake Suontee in Joutsa, Finland]]

[[Image:Lake mapourika NZ.jpeg|thumb|right|A semple pier on [[Lake Mapourika]] in [[New Zealand]]]]
[[Image:Southend Pier.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Southend Pier]] in Ingland is the langest pleasure pier in the warld, at 1.34 miles (2158 m)]]

A '''pier''' is a raised structure, includin [[brig]] an biggin supports an [[walkway]]s, ower watter, teepically supportit bi widely spread piles or [[column|pillars]]. The lichter structure o a pier allaws tides an currents tae flow almaist unhindered, whauras the mair solit foundations o a [[quay]] or the closely-spaced piles o a [[wharf]] can act as a [[fleet-dyke]], an are consequently mair liable tae siltin. Piers can range in size an complexity frae a semple lichtweight widden structure tae major structures extendit ower a mile oot tae sea.

Piers hae been biggit for several different purposes, an acause thir different purposes hae distinct regional variances, the term ''pier'' tends tae hae different nuances o meanin in different pairts o the warld. Sicweys in [[North Americae]] an [[Australie]], whaur mony ports wur, till recently, biggit on the multiple pier model, the term tends tae imply a current or umwhile cargo-handlin facility. In [[Europe]] housomeivver, whaur ports hae tended tae uise basins an river-side quays rather than piers, the term is principally associatit wi the image o a [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[yatlin]] pleasure pier. Housomeivver, the earliest piers pre-date the Victorian age.

==Types o pier==
Piers can be categorized intae different groupins accordin tae the principal purpose. Housomeivver thare is considerable owerlap atween thir categories. For ensaumple, pleasure piers aften an aa allou for the dockin o pleasure steamers an ither seemilar craft, whilst wirkin piers hae aften been convertit tae leisure uise efter bein rendered obsolete bi advanced developments in cargo-handlin technology.

===Wirkin piers===
Wirkin piers wur biggit for the handlin o passengers an cargo ontae an off ships or (as at [[Wigan Pier]]) canal boats. Workin piers themselves faw intae twa different groups. Langer individual piers are aften foond at ports wi lairge [[tide|tidal ranges]], wi the pier stretchin far eneuch aff shore tae reach deep watter at law tide. Sic piers providit an economical alternative tae [[impounded dock]]s whaur cargo volumes wur law, or whaur specialist bulk cargo wis handled, sic as at [[coal pier]]s. The ither form o wirkin pier, aften cawed the finger pier, wis biggit at ports wi smawer tidal ranges. Here the principal advantage wis tae gie a greater available quay lenth for ships tae berth against compared tae a linear littoral quayside, an sic piers are uisuallie muckle shorter. teepically each pier wad cairy a single [[transit shed]] the lenth o the pier, wi ships berthin bow or stern in tae the shore. Some major ports consistit o lairge nummers o sic piers linin the foreshore, classic ensaumples bein the [[Hudson River]] frontage o [[New York Ceety|New York]], or the [[The Embarcadero (San Francisco)|Embarcadero]] in [[San Francisco]].

The advent o [[container shippin]], wi its need for lairge container handlin spaces adjacent tae the shippin berths, haes made wirkin piers obsolete for the handlin o general cargo, awtho some still survive for the handlin o passenger ships or bulk cargos. Ane ensaumple, is in uise in [[Progreso, Yucatán]], whaur a pier extends mair nor 4 mile intae the [[Gulf o Mexico]], makin it the langest pier in the warld. The Progreso Pier supplies muckle o the peninsula wi transportation for the fishin an cargo industries an serves as a port for lairge [[cruise ships]] in the aurie. Mony ither workin piers hae been demolished, or remain derelict, but some hae been recycled as pleasure piers. The best kent ensaumple o this is [[Pier 39]] in San Francisco.

At [[Southport Spit, Queensland|Southport]] an the [[Tweed River (New Sooth Wales)|Tweed River]] on the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] in [[Australie]], thare ar piers that support equipment for a saund bipassin seestem that maintains the [[coastal management|heal o sandy beaches]] an [[Navigability|navigation channels]].

===Pleasure piers===
[[Image:llandudno Pier.jpg|thumb|left| Victorian pier at Llandudno, North Wales]]Pleasure piers wur first biggit in [[Ingland]], during the 19t century. The earliest structures wur [[Ryde Pier]], biggit in  1813/4, [[Trinity Chain Pier|Leith Trinity Chain Pier]], biggit in 1821,wis as a workin pier fir ferries afore chynging tae a pleasure pier an [[The Royal Suspension Chain Pier|Brighton Chain Pier]], biggit in 1823. Ae the auldest o thir piers still remains. At that time the introduction o the [[railwey]]s for the first time permittit mass tourism tae dedicatit seaside resorts. Housomeivver, the lairge tidal ranges at mony sic resorts meant that for muckle o the day, the sea wis no visible frae dry land. The pleasure pier wis the resorts' answer, permittin holiday makers tae promenade ower an alangside the sea at aw times.  [[Soothend Pier|The langest Pleasure pier in the warld]] is at [[Soothend-on-sea]], [[Essex]], an extends 2,158 metres (1.34&amp;nbsp;mi) intae the [[Thames estuary]]. The langest pier on the West Coast o the Unitit States is the [[Oceanside Pier]].

Pleasure piers aften include ither amusements an [[theatre]]s as pairt o the attraction. Sic a pier mey be open air, closed, or pairtly open, paritly closed. Whiles a pier haes twa decks.

Earlie pleasure piers wur o [[wood]]en construction, wi [[iron]] structures bein introduced wi the construction in 1855 o Margate Jetty, in [[Margate]], Ingland. Margate wis wrecked in storms in 1978 an wis niver repaired. The auldest iron pleasure pier still remainin is in [[Soothport]], Ingland, an dates frae 1860 - housomeivver the warlds auldest iron pier dates frae 1834 an is in [[Gravesend, Kent]]. Gravesham council hae recently purchased an refurbished this passenger pier.

===Fishin piers===
Mony piers are biggit for the purpose of providin land locked anglers access tae fishin grunds that are itherwise inaccessible.

==Piers o the warld==
[[Image:Kilcreggan Pier - geograph.org.uk - 761016.jpg|thumb|300px|Kilcreggan Pier]]
===Scotland===
*[[Dunoon]]
*[[Kilcreggan]]
*[[Rothesay]]
===Ingland===
[[Image:Hythe-pier.jpg|thumb|300px|The shore at Hythe]]
*[[Blackpool]]
*[[Bournemooth]]
*[[Brichton]] (wi photograph)
*[[Burnham-on-Sea]]
*[[Cromer]]
*[[Clacton]]
*[[Cleethorpes]]
*[[Clevedon Pier|Clevedon]]
*[[Eastbourne]]
*[[Great Yarmooth]]
*[[Lowestoft]]
*[[Paignton]]
*[[Ryde Pier]]
*[[Sandoun]]
*[[Sautburn-by-the-Sea]]
*[[Soothend-on-Sea]]
*[[Soothport]]
*[[Soothwold]]
*[[Swanage]]
*[[Teignmouth]]
*[[Totland, Isle o Wicht|Totland]], [[Isle o Wicht]]
*[[Weston-super-Mare]]
*[[Yarmooth, Isle o Wicht|Yarmooth]]

===Wales===
[[Image:Sunset pier.jpg|thumb|250px|Sundoun Shore]]
*[[Aberystwyth]]
*[[Bangor, Wales|Bangor]]
*[[Colwyn Bay]]
*[[Llandudno]]
*[[Mumbles]]
*[[Penarth]]

===Lave o the warld===
[[Image:pl sop molo 2004.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Sopot]] Langest widden shore in Europe - 450 metre fae baunk, 650 hale]]
*Belgium: [[Blankenberge]], [[Nieuwpoort]]
*Denmark: [[Copenhagen]]
*Lithuanie: [[Palanga]]
*Netherlands: [[Scheveningen]] - haes twa decks, the upper ane open air, the lawer ane closed
*Poland: [[Sopot]], [[Gdansk]]-[[Brzezno]], [[Miedzyzdroje]] ([http://webmedia.pl/comnet/images/galeria/molo2.jpg Photo of the pier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040724165815/http://webmedia.pl/comnet/images/galeria/molo2.jpg |date=2004-07-24 }})
*Swaden: [[Malmö]]
*USA:
*Atlantic stron
**[[Asbury Park, New Jersey]]
*[[Gulf o Mexico]] coast
**[[Pensacola Beach, Floridae]]
*Pacific stron
**[[Avila Beach, Californie]]
**[[Cayucos, California]]
**[[Huntington Beach, Californie]]
**[[Oakland, Californie]]
**[[Pismo Beach, Californie]]
**[[San Diego, Californie]]
**[[San Francisco, Californie]]
**[[Santa Barbara, Californie]]
**[[Santa Cruz, Californie]]
**[[Santa Monica, Californie]]  ''See Forby: [[Santa Monica Pier]]''
**[[Venice, Californie]]
**[[Ventura, Californie]]
**[[Olympia, Washington]]
**[[Seattle, Washington]]
**[[Tacoma, Washington]]
*Midwest
**[[Navy Pier]], [[Chicago, Illinois]]

==Fremmit Airtins==
*[http://www.piers.co.uk National Piers Society]
{{Commonscat|Piers}}

[[Category:Piers| ]]
[[Category:Coastal construction]]
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'''Clayton James Cosgrove''' (born [[31 October]] [[1969]]) is a [[New Zealand]] politeecian, an umwhile member o the kintra’s pairlament in Wellington, representin the Labour Pairty.  He is a consteetuency member unner the proportional representation seestem, representin Waimakariri.

{{Stub/NewZealand}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosgrove, Clayton}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:New Zealand fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:New Zealand Labour Pairty MPs]]
[[Category:Members o the Cabinet o New Zealand]]
[[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]]
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[[Category:New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates]]
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'''Clayton James Cosgrove''' (born 31 October 1969) is a New Zealand politeecian, an umwhile memmer o the kintra’s pairlament in Wellington, representin the Labour Pairty.  He is a consteetuency memmer unner the proportional representation seestem, representin Waimakariri.

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[[Category:Members o the New Zealand Hoose o Representatives]]
[[Category:New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates]]
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[[Image:Clayton Cosgrove.jpg|thumb|right|Clayton Cosgrove. Photograph bi Gabriel Pollard.]]
'''Clayton James Cosgrove''' (born 31 October 1969) is a New Zealand politeecian, an umwhile memmer o the kintra’s pairlament in Wellington, representin the Labour Pairty.  He is a consteetuency memmer unner the proportional representation seestem, representin Waimakariri.

{{Stub/NewZealand}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosgrove, Clayton}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:New Zealand fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:New Zealand Labour Pairty MPs]]
[[Category:Members o the Cabinet o New Zealand]]
[[Category:Varsity o Canterbury alumni]]
[[Category:Members o the New Zealand Hoose o Representatives]]
[[Category:New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates]]
[[Category:Fowk associatit wi the 2011 Christchurch yirdquauk]]
[[Category:New Zealand leet MPs]]
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand politeecians]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peterhead F.C.</title>
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    <id>4084</id>
    <redirect title="Peterheid" />
    <revision>
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      <parentid>909780</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T05:50:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
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      <comment>Reguidin tae [[Peterheid]]</comment>
      <origin>927987</origin>
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      <text bytes="23" sha1="fo3usjp6wwgt47s33nodvyphsb0yy3u" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Peterheid]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ffa Coffi Pawb</title>
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    <id>4180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927741</id>
      <parentid>898401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:25:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927741</origin>
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      <text bytes="1259" sha1="3w6i1s742z516lrm5juclrkl3r1oscy" xml:space="preserve">'''Ffa Coffi Pawb''' wis a [[Wales|Welsh]] baund, active frae 1986 tae 1992. Its [[Welsh leid|Welsh]] nem means &quot;Awbody's Coffee Beans&quot;, tho it soonds lik &quot;Fuck Aff, Awbody&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/ffa-coffi-pawb/pages/biography.shtml|title=BBC Wales - Music - Ffa Coffi Pawb - Biography|website=BBC|access-date=2020-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; The members were Gruff Rhys an Dafydd Ieuan, baith later o Super Furry Animals, wi Rhodri Puw an Dewi Emlyn.

The baund released three albums, ''Clymhalio'', ''Dalec Peilon'' an ''Hei Vidal!''. In 2004 a compilation o the baund's best tracks wis released unner the title ''Am Byth'' on the Placid Casual label.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/ffacoffipawb/ BBC Ffa Coffi Pawb Steid]
* [http://www.placidcasual.com Placid Casual] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809030338/http://www.placidcasual.com/ |date=2007-08-09 }}
* [http://www.ffacoffipawb.com Ffa Coffi Pawb @ WelshBands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220172044/http://www.ffacoffipawb.com/ |date=2010-02-20 }}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Welsh-leid baunds]]
[[Category:Welsh muisical groups]]
[[Category:Super Furry Animals]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ulstèr-Scotch leid</title>
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    <id>4914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927828</id>
      <parentid>925559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:06:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>formattin</comment>
      <origin>927828</origin>
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      <text bytes="8927" sha1="l577e4k8ywr4djwhna4lhx4wr05mbkc" xml:space="preserve">{{Ulster Scots}}[[File:MoatRoadBallyhalbert.jpg|thumb|A sign in baith Inglis an Scots in [[Ballyhalbert]], [[Coonty Doun]]]]

'''Ulster Scots''', ca'aed '''Ulstèr-Scotch''' an '''Ullans''', ïs tha [[byleid|dialect]] o tha [[Scots leid]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Falconer|first=Gavin|date=2007-01-01|title=Public policy and Scots in Northern Ireland|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&amp;sw=w&amp;issn=02640198&amp;v=2.1&amp;it=r&amp;id=GALE%7CA179735532&amp;sid=googleScholar&amp;linkaccess=abs|journal=Scottish Language|language=English|volume=26|pages=33–52}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; spak ïn [[Ulster]] ([[Norlin Airlan]] an tha [[Republic o Ireland|Republic o Airlan]]). Ït is maistly spak bae tha [[Ulster-Scots fowk]] yit mony wirds, lik ''glaikit'' an ''wee'', hae been borraed intae the ilkaday speak o ither fowks. Policies at forder [[Erse leid|Erse]] an Ulster-Scots is tae be promuived in Norlin Airlan syne 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=What's in the draft Stormont deal? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-51059789 |accessdate=26 June 2020 |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=10 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The leid can be pairtit intae three kynds: '''Westren Ulster Scots''' in [[Coontie Derry|Coonties Derry]] an [[Coontie Dunnygal|Dunnygal]], '''Central Ulster Scots''' in [[Coontie Antrim]], an '''Eastren Ulster Scots''' in [[Coontie Doun]] an [[The Ards]].

==Speaker population an spreid==
Estimates o the amoont o Ulster Scots spikkers chynge; fae a weel-hertit estimate o anent 100,000 tae a laich ane o aboot 30,000 in the Northren Ireland ''Life and Times'' leuk o 1999. [[Loyalists]] is mair likely tae spik it nor [[naitionalists]].{{cn}}

Ulster Scots is spak maistly in east [[Coonty Antrim]], north [[Coonty Doun]], north-east [[Coonty Lunnonderry]], the Laggan aurie o [[Coonty Donegal]] an in the fishin veelages o the Mourne coast.

==Govrenmental kennin==
[[Image:Multilingual sign Department Culture Leisure Arts Northern Ireland.jpg|thumb|200px|A sign for the ''Männystrie o Fowkgates, Airts an Aisedom'' o Northren Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;''Fowkgates'' is a [[neologism]], the tradeetional Scots wird is ''cultur'' [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?query=culture&amp;sset=1&amp;fset=20&amp;printset=20&amp;searchtype=full&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=dboth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313205044/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?query=culture&amp;sset=1&amp;fset=20&amp;printset=20&amp;searchtype=full&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=dboth|date=2007-03-13}} (Cf. ''pictur'' [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=721&amp;startset=29470508&amp;query=PICTER&amp;fhit=pictur&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313170917/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=721&amp;startset=29470508&amp;query=PICTER&amp;fhit=pictur&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit|date=2007-03-13}}). The Scots for leisure is ''leisur''(''e'') [{{IPA|'li:ʒər}}], ''aisedom'' (''easedom'' [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=994&amp;startset=10381976&amp;query=EASEDOM&amp;fhit=easedom&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313205033/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=994&amp;startset=10381976&amp;query=EASEDOM&amp;fhit=easedom&amp;dregion=entry&amp;dtext=snd#fhit|date=2007-03-13}}) differs in meanin.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

===North/Sooth Co-operation Order 1999===
In the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northren Ireland Order 1999 Ulster Scots is defined as: ''the variety of the Scots language which has traditionally been used in parts of Northern Ireland and in Donegal in Ireland''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-10-04|title=2002_5e_MIN-LANG_PR_UK|url=http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local_and_regional_Democracy/Regional_or_Minority_languages/Documentation/1_Periodical_reports/2002_5e_MIN-LANG_PR_UK.asp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031004200549/http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local_and_regional_Democracy/Regional_or_Minority_languages/Documentation/1_Periodical_reports/2002_5e_MIN-LANG_PR_UK.asp|archive-date=2003-10-04|access-date=2023-07-21|website=Council of Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The defineetion fae the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northren Ireland Order 1999 abuin wis uised in the [[1 Julie]] [[2005]] ''Second Periodical Report'' bi the Unitit Kinrick tae the Secretar General o the Cooncil o Europe shawin hou the UK meets its obligations unner the European Chairter for Regional an Minoritie Leids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Regional or Minority languages|url=http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local_and_regional_Democracy/Regional_or_Minority_languages/2_Monitoring/2.2_States_Reports/UK_report2.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129193507/http://www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Local_and_regional_Democracy/Regional_or_Minority_languages/2_Monitoring/2.2_States_Reports/UK_report2.pdf|archive-date=2007-11-29|access-date=2023-07-21|website=Council of Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Guid Friday Agreement===
[[File:Boord o Ulster-Scotch.jpg|thumb|The logo o the Boord o Ulster Scots]]

The 1998 [[Guid Friday Agreement]] awns Ulster Scots as ''&quot;part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland&quot;'', an established the [[Ulster-Scots Agency]] (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) an aw. The Northren Ireland Asssemblie, stelt bi the Guid Friday Agreement, gies Ulster Scots speakers information in thair awn leid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/leaflets/YourAssemblyLeaflet_UlsterScots.htm |title=Northren Ireland Assemblie Wabsteid |access-date=2011-03-23 |archive-date=2011-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424091147/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/leaflets/YourAssemblyLeaflet_UlsterScots.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===European Chairter for Regional and Minoritie Leids===
The declaration made bi the Unitit Kinrick Govrenment adae wi the [[European Chairter for Regional an Minoritie Leids]] is as follaes:

&lt;blockquote&gt;The United Kingdom declares, in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Charter that it recognises that Scots and Ulster Scots meet the Charter's definition of &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt; regional or minority &lt;u&gt;language&lt;/u&gt; for the purposes of Part II of the Charter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&amp;CV=1&amp;NA=&amp;PO=999&amp;CN=999&amp;VL=1&amp;CM=9&amp;CL=ENG |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-12-19 |archive-date=2011-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709023931/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&amp;CV=1&amp;NA=&amp;PO=999&amp;CN=999&amp;VL=1&amp;CM=9&amp;CL=ENG |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==Teachin the Ulster Scots leid==
The Institute o Ulster Scots Studies wis established in 2001 bi the Ulster Varsity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.arts.ulster.ac.uk/ulsterscots/intro.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-03-23 |archive-date=2011-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524052224/http://www.arts.ulster.ac.uk/ulsterscots/intro.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[BBC Northren Ireland]] hae a section on thair wabsteid on learnin Ulster Scots, an the Boord o Ulster Scots hae makkit a few buiks in Ulster Scots.

==A Preein o Ulser Scots==
''The Muse Dismissed'' (Hugh Porter 1780–1839)

:Be hush'd my Muse, ye ken the morn
:Begins the shearing o' the corn,
:Whar knuckles monie a risk maun run,
:An' monie a trophy's lost an' won,
:Whar sturdy boys wi' might and main
:Shall camp, till wrists an' thumbs they strain,
:While pithless, pantin' wi' the heat,
:They bathe their weazen'd pelts in sweat
:To gain a sprig o' fading fame,
:Before they taste the dear-bought cream—
:But bide ye there, my pens an' papers,
:For I maun up, an' to my scrapers—
:Yet, min', my lass— ye maun return
:This very night we cut the churn.
:I want hom tha nite tae me ma
:an shea sae up da da

[[Image:Plaque poetry Writers Square Belfast Robert Huddlestone.jpg|thumb|Poetry bi Robert Huddlestone (1814-1887) inscribed in a causey stane in Writers' Square, Belfast]]

==References==
&lt;references/&gt;

==See forby==
*[[Ulster-Scots fowk]]
*[[Ulster Scots Agency]]
*[[Depairtment o Cultur Airts an Leisur|Depairtment o Cultur Airts an Leisur (''Männystrie o Fowkgates, Airts an Aisedom'' in Ulstèr-Scotch)]]

==Fremmit airtins==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181224221612/https://www.ulsterscotsagency.com/%20 The Ulster-Scots Agency]
* [http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/EagleFalconer2004.pdf Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch: ''An English Name for a Scots Organization?'' (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709231107/http://www.scots-online.org/airticles/EagleFalconer2004.pdf |date=2010-07-09 }}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/ulsterscots/ BBC wabsteid anent the Ulster Scots leid]

[[Category:Leids o Northren Ireland]]
[[Category:Leids o Ireland]]
[[Category:Scots dialects]]
[[Category:Ulster Scots leid|+]]
[[Category:Ulster]]


{{Stub/NIreland}}
{{Stub/Ireland}}
{{Stub/Leid}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Belgium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4952</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927781</origin>
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      <text bytes="8320" sha1="3qu4fdodsbp1h0p9e8gt2zfg4nggprq" xml:space="preserve">{{Coord|50|50|N|4|00|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Kinrick o Belgium
|native_name = {{vunblist|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|nl|Koninkrijk België}} |{{native name|fr|Royaume de Belgique}} |{{native name|de|Königreich Belgien}}}}
|common_name = Belgium
|image_flag = Flag of Belgium.svg
|flag_caption = Flag
|image_coat = Great Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg

|symbol_type = Coat o airms
|national_motto = {{native phrase|nl|&quot;Eendracht maakt macht&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native phrase|fr|&quot;L'union fait la force&quot;|italics=off}}&lt;br /&gt;{{native phrase|de|&quot;Einigkeit macht stark&quot;|italics=off}}
|englishmotto = &quot;Unity maks Strenth&quot;
|national_anthem = &quot;[[La Brabançonne]]&quot;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em;height:10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:La Brabançonne.oga]]&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map = EU-Belgium.svg
|image_map2 = Belgium - Location Map (2013) - BEL - UNOCHA.svg
|map_caption = {{map caption |country={{nobold|Belgium}}|location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green}}
|official_languages = [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]&lt;br&gt;[[French leid|French]]&lt;br&gt;[[German leid|German]]
|demonym = Belgian
|capital = [[Ceety o Brussels|Brussels]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|50|51|N|4|21|E|type:city}}
|largest_city = caipital
|government_type = [[Federalism|Federal]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentary]]&lt;br&gt;[[constitutional monarchy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Government type: Belgium|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=19 December 2011|archive-date=2012-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207225832/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207225832/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html |date=2012-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_title1 = [[Monarchy o Belgium|Monarch]]
|leader_name1 = [[Philippe o Belgium|Philippe]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Belgium|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Bart De Wever]]
|legislature = [[Belgian Federal Pairlament|Federal Pairlament]]
|upper_house = [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]]
|lower_house = [[Chaumer o Representatives (Belgium)|Chaumer o Representatives]]
|area_km2 = 30,528
|area_sq_mi = 11,787
|area_rank = 140t
|percent_water = 6.4
|population_census = 11,250,585&lt;ref name=Population&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/population-bevolking-20160101.pdf|title=Bevolkingscijfers per provincie en per gemeente op 1 januari 2016/Chiffres de la population par province et par commune, a la date du 1er Janvier 2016|publisher=[[Statistics Belgium]], [[Federal Public Service Economy]]|date=24 January 2016|accessdate=24 March 2016|format=PDF|archive-date=2016-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418050745/http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/fr/pop/statistiques/population-bevolking-20160101.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_census_year = 1 Januar 2016
|population_census_rank = 75t
|population_density_km2 = 363.6
|population_density_rank = 23rd
|population_density_sq_mi = 941.68
|GDP_PPP_year = 2016
|GDP_PPP = $508.598 billion&lt;ref name=IMF&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=66&amp;pr1.y=9&amp;c=124&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLUR&amp;grp=0&amp;a=|title=Belgium|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=24 Mey 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|GDP_PPP_rank = 38t
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $44,881&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20t
|GDP_nominal_year = 2016
|GDP_nominal = $470.179 billion&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_rank = 23rd
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $41,491&lt;ref name=IMF/&gt;
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 17t
|Gini_year = 2011
|Gini = 26.3
|Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=eurogini&gt;{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=13 August 2013|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_year = 2014
|HDI_change = increase
|HDI = 0.890
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2015|publisher=United Nations|format=PDF|accessdate=14 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|HDI_rank = 21st
|sovereignty_type = [[Belgian Revolution|Unthirldom]]
|sovereignty_note = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick o the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|established_event1 = Declared
|established_date1 = 4 October 1830
|established_event2 = [[Treaty o Lunnon, 1839|Recognised]]
|established_date2 = 19 Apryle 1839
|established_event3 = [[Enlairgement o the European Union#Foondin members|Foondit]] the [[European Economic Commonty|EEC]] (nou the [[European Union|EU]])
|established_date3 = 1 Januar 1958
|currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])
|currency_code = EUR
|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Belgium|+32]]
|cctld = [[.be]]
|footnote_a = The flag's offeecial proportions o 13:15 are rarely seen; proportions o 2:3 or similar are more common.
|footnote_b = The [[Brussels]] region is the ''de facto'' caipital, but the [[Ceety o Brussels]] municipality is the ''de jure'' caipital&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Belgian Constitution|date=May 2014|publisher=Belgian House of Representatives|location=Brussels, Belgium|page=63|url=http://www.const-court.be/en/basic_text/belgian_constitution.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=10 September 2015|archive-date=2015-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810142522/http://www.const-court.be/en/basic_text/belgian_constitution.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|footnote_c = The [[.eu]] domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither European Union member states.
}}
[[File:Belgium provinces regions striped.png|thumb|Territorial organization]]
The '''Kinrick o Belgium''' ([[Dutch leid|Dutch]]: ''Koninkrijk België''; [[French leid|French]]: ''Royaume de Belgique''; [[German leid|German]]: ''Königreich Belgien'') is a kintra in northwastren [[Europe]] that haes laund mairches wi the [[Netherlands]], [[Fraunce]], [[Luxembourg]] an [[Germany]]. Belgium proclaimed its unthirldom, an sae its foondaition, in Juin [[1831]]. It wis ane o the foondin members o the [[European Union]]. Belgium haes three main pairts: [[Flanders]], whar folk speak Dutch, [[Wallonia]], whar French is the mither tung, an [[Brussels]], which is bilingual. There is a German-speakin community in Wallonia an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;Belgian Constitution&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.const-court.be/en/basic_text/belgian_constitution.pdf|title=The Belgian Constitution|date=May 2014|publisher=Belgian House of Representatives|location=Brussels, Belgium|page=5|quote=Article 3: Belgium comprises three Regions: the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels Region. Article 4: Belgium comprises four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking region, the French-speaking region, the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital and the German-speaking region.|access-date=10 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810142522/http://www.const-court.be/en/basic_text/belgian_constitution.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2015|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Belgium]]
[[Category:Wastren European kintras]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
[[Category:Kintras borderin the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Dutch-speakin kintras]]
[[Category:French-speakin kintras]]
[[Category:German-speakin kintras]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:Member states o La Francophonie]]
[[Category:Member states o NATO]]
[[Category:Member states o the Cooncil o Europe]]
[[Category:Member states o the European Union]]
[[Category:Member states o the Dutch Leid Union]]
[[Category:Member states o the Union for the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1830]]</text>
      <sha1>3qu4fdodsbp1h0p9e8gt2zfg4nggprq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Middle East</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5153</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927792</id>
      <parentid>911131</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:43:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927792</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1113" sha1="8eolnmr7j9wrazy7g7118doegscfujg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Middle East (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|200px|Cairt o the Middle East]]
The '''Middle East''' or '''Soothwastren Asie''' is an aurie o laund an a group o kintras in [[Wastren Asie]] in the continent o [[Asie]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor=25741178|title=Constructing and naturalizing the Middle Easr|first=Karen|last=Culcasi|journal=[[Geographical Review]]|volume=100|issue=4|year=2010|pages=583–597|doi=10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00059.x|bibcode=2010GeoRv.100..583C |s2cid=154611116}}&lt;/ref&gt; The kintras is jyned acause they share [[history]] an maist o the fowk o thir kintras is [[Muslim]]s.

Middle Eastren kintras includes:
*[[Bahrain]]
*[[Cyprus]]
*[[Egyp]]
*[[Iran]]
*[[Iraq]]
*[[Israel]]
*[[Jordan]]
*[[Kuwait]]
*[[Lebanon]]
*[[Oman]]
*[[State o Palestine|Palestine]] ([[Wast Baunk]] an [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]])
*[[Qatar]]
*[[Saudi Arabie]]
*[[Syrie|Sirie]]
*The [[Unitit Arab Emirates]]
*[[Turkey]]
*[[Yemen]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See forby==
*[[Central Asie]]
*[[East Asie]]
*[[Sooth Asie]]
*[[Sootheast Asie]]

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Asie]]
[[Category:Middle East]]


{{Stub/Asie}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>University o Saunt Aundraes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927878</id>
      <parentid>925032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1472" sha1="8kxl0kt8ihhaj62g0px2drx79tzl5b5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:St Andrews University Classics Building.jpg|280px|thumb|St Aundraes University clessics biggin]]
The '''University o St Aundraes''' ({{lang-en|University of Saint Andrews}}) is the auldest [[university]] in [[Scotland]] an thrid auldest in the Inglis-speakin warld, haein been foondit atween 1410 an 1413. The university is situate in the wee toun o [[Saunt Aundraes]], in [[Fife]], on the aest coast o Scotland.

The University o St Aundraes aucht its oreegin tae a society shapit in 1410 bi Lawrence o Lindores, abbot o [[Scone]] an a puckle ithers. 

The University librar that nou includes the aulder college librars, wis foondit aboot the mids o the 17t century, rebiggit in 1764, an bettert in 1829 an 1889 - 1890. 

The modren biggins, in the [[Jacobean style]], wis erectit atween 1827 an 1847. in 1890 University College Dundee becam affiliate tae the University o St Aundraes. It is considered ane o the mairmuckle universities in the Unitit Kinrick, wi graduates sic as [[John Knox]] an [[Prince William, Duik o Rothesay]].
[[File:St Andrews - St Salvator's Hall 01.JPG|thumb|St Salvator's Hall]]
{{Commonscat|University of St Andrews}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St Aundraes, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o St Aundraes| ]]
[[Category:1413 establishments]]
[[Category:Eddication in Fife]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 15t century]]
[[Category:Varsities in Scotland]]
[[Category:15t-century establishments in Scotland]]

{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927880</id>
      <parentid>927878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes]] til [[University o Saunt Aundraes]]</comment>
      <origin>927878</origin>
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      <text bytes="1472" sha1="8kxl0kt8ihhaj62g0px2drx79tzl5b5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:St Andrews University Classics Building.jpg|280px|thumb|St Aundraes University clessics biggin]]
The '''University o St Aundraes''' ({{lang-en|University of Saint Andrews}}) is the auldest [[university]] in [[Scotland]] an thrid auldest in the Inglis-speakin warld, haein been foondit atween 1410 an 1413. The university is situate in the wee toun o [[Saunt Aundraes]], in [[Fife]], on the aest coast o Scotland.

The University o St Aundraes aucht its oreegin tae a society shapit in 1410 bi Lawrence o Lindores, abbot o [[Scone]] an a puckle ithers. 

The University librar that nou includes the aulder college librars, wis foondit aboot the mids o the 17t century, rebiggit in 1764, an bettert in 1829 an 1889 - 1890. 

The modren biggins, in the [[Jacobean style]], wis erectit atween 1827 an 1847. in 1890 University College Dundee becam affiliate tae the University o St Aundraes. It is considered ane o the mairmuckle universities in the Unitit Kinrick, wi graduates sic as [[John Knox]] an [[Prince William, Duik o Rothesay]].
[[File:St Andrews - St Salvator's Hall 01.JPG|thumb|St Salvator's Hall]]
{{Commonscat|University of St Andrews}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:St Aundraes, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o St Aundraes| ]]
[[Category:1413 establishments]]
[[Category:Eddication in Fife]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 15t century]]
[[Category:Varsities in Scotland]]
[[Category:15t-century establishments in Scotland]]

{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Byleid</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7344</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927818</id>
      <parentid>896060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:59:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <comment>Remove unreferenced template. Soorces addit in the last edit.</comment>
      <origin>927818</origin>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="53grmy3o52auohzuhl4r19v905rjkbi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:English Dialects.jpg|thumb|240px|Byleids o [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]]]
A '''byleid''', whiles cryed a '''dialect''' an aa, is a variety o a [[leid]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=dialect|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095715725|access-date=2024-06-27|website=Oxford Reference|language=en|doi=10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095715725}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the name gien tae a variety o spaek that isna conseidert tae differ eneuch frae the &quot;staundart&quot; variety o a leid for tae be cryed a leid o its ain.

Hou muckle differs there maun be afore a dialect becomes a leid is gey subjective an aften lippens on [[Politics|poleitical]] conseiderations (the debate ower whither [[Scots leid|Scots]] is a leid o its ain or juist a dialect o [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] is a prime exemplar).&lt;!-- we aa come doun on ae side o this debate o coorse --&gt; This gies rise tae the saw that &quot;a leid is juist a dialect wi an [[airmy]] an a [[navy]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=McWhorter|first=John|date=2016-01-19|title=There's No Such Thing as a ’Language’|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/01/difference-between-language-dialect/424704/|access-date=2024-06-27|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; — that is, ae variety o langage is mair like tae be cryed a ''leid'' gin it's spak in an unthirlt [[kintra]], an mair like tae be cryed a ''dialect'' gin it's spak in ae region o a lairger kintra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Language vs. Dialect: What's the Difference?|url=https://www.helloglobo.com/blog/language-vs.-dialect-whats-the-difference|access-date=2024-06-27|website=www.helloglobo.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Acause o this difeiculty, monie [[lingueistics|linguists]] disna like tae uise the terms &quot;leid&quot; an &quot;dialect&quot;, an wad liefer talk anent &quot;varieties o langage&quot; juist.

==See an aw==
*[[Anglo-Cornish]]
*[[Bungee leid]]
*[[Glaswegian]]
*[[Hieland Inglis]]
*[[Northumbrie byleid]]
*[[Yorkshire byleid]]

[[Category:Dialects| ]]
[[Category:Leid]]
[[Category:Leid varieties an styles]]
[[Category:Lexicology]]
{{stub/Leid}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Proveesional IRA</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8304</id>
    <redirect title="Irish Republican Army" />
    <revision>
      <id>927970</id>
      <parentid>795098</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T23:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
        <id>6792</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Irish Republican Army]]</comment>
      <origin>927970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="pl2m13rt3ou2uk4jbce4crc48mbt25e" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Irish Republican Army]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bill Clinton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927797</id>
      <parentid>907194</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:48:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927797</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6262" sha1="1zld8q5fh32okqiil3ex251yaztdnag" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox president
|name          = Bill Clinton
|image         = Bill Clinton.jpg
|order         = [[Leet o Preses o the Unitit States|42nt]]
|office        = Preses o the Unitit States
|vicepresident = [[Al Gore]]
|term_start    = Januar 20, 1993
|term_end      = Januar 20, 2001
|predecessor   = [[George H. W. Bush]]
|successor     = [[George W. Bush]]
|order1        = 40t an 42nt [[Leet o Govrenors o Arkansas|Governor o Arkansas]]
|lieutenant1   = {{Ublist|[[Winston Bryant]]|[[Jim Guy Tucker]]}}
|term_start1   = Januar 11, 1983
|term_end1     = December 12, 1992
|predecessor1  = [[Frank D. White]]
|successor1    = [[Jim Guy Tucker]]
|lieutenant2   = [[Joe Purcell]]
|term_start2   = Januar 9, 1979
|term_end2     = Januar 19, 1981
|predecessor2  = Joe Purcell {{small|(Actin)}}
|successor2    = Frank D. White
|office3       = 50t [[Arkansas Attorney General|Attorney General o Arkansas]]
|governor3     = {{Ublist|[[David Pryor]]|Joe Purcell {{small|(Actin)}}}}
|term_start3   = Januar 3, 1977
|term_end3     = Januar 9, 1979
|predecessor3  = [[Jim Guy Tucker]]
|successor3    = Steve Clark
|birth_name    = William Jefferson Blythe III
|birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1946|8|19}}
|birth_place   = [[Hope, Arkansas]], U.S.
|party         = [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]]
|spouse        = {{Marriage|[[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Rodham]]|October 11, 1975}}
|children      = [[Chelsea Clinton]]
|parents       = {{Ublist|[[William Jefferson Blythe Jr.]]|[[Virginia Clinton Kelley|Virginia Cassidy]]}}
|residence     = [[Chappaqua, New York]]
|education     = [[Georgetown Varsity]] {{small|[[Bachelor o Science]] in Foreign Service (BSFS)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[University College, Oxford]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Yale Varsity]] {{small|([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}}
|signature     = Signature of Bill Clinton.svg
|signature_alt = Cursive signature o Bill Clinton in ink
}}

'''William Jefferson Clinton''' (born '''William Jefferson Blythe III''' on [[19 August|August 19]], [[1946]] in Hope, [[Arkansas]]) wis the 42nt [[Preses o the Unitit States]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=William J. Clinton|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-j-clinton/|access-date=2023-03-23|website=The White House|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908213839/https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-j-clinton/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; frae 1993 tae [[2001]] wi [[Al Gore]] as Vice Preses, efter defeatin [[George H. W. Bush]] in the 1992 election; he defeatit Bob Dole in the [[1996]] election. [[George W. Bush]] succeedit him in [[2001]]. He representit the [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic Pairty]], an wis previously Governor o [[Arkansas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

He is marriet tae [[Hillary Clinton]], [[Unitit States]] Senator frae [[New York]] ([[2001]] tae [[2009]]) an Unitit States Secretar o State unner [[Barack Obama]] ([[2009]] tae [[2013]]). She is the Democrats' candidate in the [[Unitit States presidential election, 2016]], runnin against [[Donald Trump]]. They hae a dochter, Chelsea Clinton (born 1980).

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Commonscat}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Clinton, Bill}}
[[Category:Bill Clinton| ]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:20t-century American writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American writers]]
[[Category:20t-century Baptists]]
[[Category:21st-century Baptists]]
[[Category:20t-century American politeecians]]
[[Category:21st-century American politeecians]]
[[Category:Alumni o Varsity College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Ambassadors o the Unitit States tae Haiti]]
[[Category:American autobiografers]]
[[Category:American gun control advocates]]
[[Category:American heal activists]]
[[Category:American humanitarians]]
[[Category:American memoirists]]
[[Category:American poleetical writers]]
[[Category:American male writers]]
[[Category:Arkansas Attorneys General]]
[[Category:Arkansas Democrats]]
[[Category:Arkansas lawyers]]
[[Category:American saxophonists]]
[[Category:American fowk o Scotch-Erse strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]]
[[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]]
[[Category:American Rhodes Scholars]]
[[Category:Baptists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Candidates in Unitit States elections, 1980]]
[[Category:Clinton Foundation fowk]]
[[Category:Collars o the Order o the White Lion]]
[[Category:Democratic Pairty Preses o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Democratic Pairty state govrenors o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) presidential nominees]]
[[Category:Disbarred lawyers]]
[[Category:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni]]
[[Category:Faimily o Bill an Hillary Clinton]]
[[Category:Fellaes o the American Academy o Airts an Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellaes o University College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Govrenors o Arkansas]]
[[Category:Grammy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Grand Companions o the Order o Logohu]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses o the Naitional Order o Honour an Merit]]
[[Category:Hot Springs High School (Arkansas) alumni]]
[[Category:Impeached Preses o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:LGBT richts activists frae the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Lewinsky scandal]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Hope, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Hot Springs, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Preses o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Order o the Cross o Terra Mariana, 1st Cless]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Presidential Medal o Distinction o Israel]]
[[Category:Recipients o St. George's Order o Victory]]
[[Category:Politeecians frae Little Rock, Arkansas]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal o Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:Rodham faimily]]
[[Category:Spooses o New York politeecians]]
[[Category:Spooses o Unitit States Cabinet members]]
[[Category:Spooses of Unitit States Senators]]
[[Category:Unitit Nations offeecials]]
[[Category:Unitit States presidential candidates, 1992]]
[[Category:Unitit States presidential candidates, 1996]]
[[Category:Unitit States presidential electors, 2016]]
[[Category:Varsity o Arkansas fowk]]
[[Category:Writers frae Arkansas]]
[[Category:Yale Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Phi Beta Kappa members]]


{{Stub/USPoliteecian}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1832</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10401</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927732</id>
      <parentid>841676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:10:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sud be &quot;Pape&quot;. Iss disnae even follae Inglis graimmar that it appears tae be translatit frae, let allane Scots graimmar an aw.</comment>
      <origin>927732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1249" sha1="se46w1a1yd4osfed1q3y86pvy90vo3e" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}
{{Year dab|1832}}
{{Year nav|1832}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
'''1832''' is a year o the Gregorian calender.

== Events ==

* The Champâ is far aw times absorbit bi [[Viêt Nam]].

* [[Victor Hugo]] writes &quot;Le Roi s'amuse&quot; (&quot;the King Takes Leisure&quot;, &quot;The King's fool&quot; as translated in English).

* 28t o January, Italy crisis begins(1832-1838) : the Austrickian let gang in 6000 men in Bologne tae establish anew order in Pape states.

* 6t o January: [[Gustave Doré]], the warldwide kent French painter is born.

* 22t February : Cholera enters in Europ, first cases seen in [[Fraunce]].
* 4t June : The Reform Act gives tae [[Bourgeoisie|Middle Classes]] the recht tae vote. Sure we interpret it wi the class theory as a pawer taken frae Nobles tae Bourgeois.&lt;ref&gt;Marx's interpretation can be foond in the '''[[Communist Manifesto]]''' or in &quot;The Class Struggle Situation in England&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

 [[File:Paul Gustave Dore Raven24.jpg|thumb|The paintin o Gustave Doré illustratin the story o [[Edgar Allan Poe|Allan Poe]] ''[[The Corbie]].'']]

== See an aw ==

*[[:Category:1832 births]]
*[[:Category:1832 daiths]]
*[[Years o the XIXt an XXt Centuries]]

== References ==

&lt;references/&gt;
{{Commonscat}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1832}}
[[Category:1832]]</text>
      <sha1>se46w1a1yd4osfed1q3y86pvy90vo3e</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Guyana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927944</id>
      <parentid>897208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T20:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927944</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8300" sha1="bbv0x2ghb2xey42brp3uaoctik6hxvp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox country
| coordinates = {{Coord|6|46|N|58|10|W|type:city}}
| leader_name2 = [[Moses Nagamootoo]]
| conventional_long_name = Co-operative Republic o Guyana
| image_flag = Flag of Guyana.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg
| common_name = Guyana
| national_motto = &quot;One People, One Nation, One Destiny&quot;
| national_anthem = ''[[Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;[[File:National Anthem of Guyana.ogg]]&lt;/center&gt;
| image_map = Guyana (orthographic projection).svg
| capital = [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]
| largest_city = caipital
| official_languages = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
| languages_type = [[Vernacular|Vernacular&lt;br /&gt;leid]]
| languages = [[Guyanese Creole]]
| regional_languages =
 {{collapsible list
  |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 9 leids
  |[[Kapóng leid|Akawaio]]
  |[[Macushi leid|Macushi]] |[[Waiwai leid|Waiwai]] |[[Arawakan leids|Arawak]]
  |[[Patamona leid|Patamona]] |[[Warao leid|Warrau]] |[[Carib leid|Carib]]
  |[[Wapishana fowk|Wapishana]] |[[Cariban leids|Arekuna]]
 }}
|languages2_type = Ither leids
|languages2 =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|title = 6 leids
|[[Caribbean Hindustani#Guyanese Hindustani|Guyanese Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)]]
|[[Tamil leid|Tamil]]
|[[Cheenese leid|Cheenese]]
|[[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]
|[[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]
|[[Yoruba leid|Yoruba]]
}}
| ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 43.45% [[Indo-Guyanese|Indian]]
  | {{nowrap|30.2% [[Afro-Guyanese|Black (African)]]}}
  | 16.73% [[Multiracial|Mixed]] (includin [[Dougla]]s)
  |  9.16% [[Indigenous fowks in Guyana|Indigenous Amerindian]]
  |  0.2% [[Portuguese Guyanese|Portuguese]] 
  |  0.19% [[Cheenese Guyanese|Chinese]]
  | 0.06% [[White Caribbeans|European]] (non-[[Portuguese Guyanese|Portuguese]])
  |  0.01% Ithers &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=CHAPTER II: POPULATION COMPOSITION|url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf|website=StatisticsGuyana|publisher=[[Government of Guyana]]|access-date=2017-09-02|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2002
| religion = {{vunblist |57.4% [[Christian]]| 28.4% [[Hinduism|Hindu]]| 7.2% [[Islam|Muslim]]| 0.5% [[Rastafarian]]| 0.1% [[Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í]]| 1.3% Ither|0.9% Nae Statit|1.4% None}}
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-09-02 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| demonym = Guyanese
| government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Presidential seestem|presidential]] [[republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[Preses o Guyana|Preses]]
| leader_name1 = [[Irfaan Ali]]
| leader_title2 = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Guyana|Prime Meenister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mark Phillips (Guyana)|Mark Phillips]]
| legislature = [[Naitional Assembly (Guyana)|Naitional Assembly]]
| established_event1 = [[Dutch colonization o the Guianas|Dutch Guiana]]
| sovereignty_type = Formation
| established_event2 = [[Breetish Guiana]]
| established_date1 = 1667–1814
| established_event3 = [[Unthirldom]] frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]] becomin [[Guyana (Commonweel realm)|Commonweel Realm o Guyana]]
| established_date2 = 1814–1966
| established_event4 = Republic
| established_date3 = 26 Mey 1966
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution o Guyana|Current constitution]]}}
| established_date4 = 23 Februar 1970
| established_date5 = 6 October 1980
| area_km2 = 214,970
| area_rank = 85t
| area_sq_mi = 83,000
| percent_water = 8.4
| population_estimate = 735,909&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html |title=The World Factbook: Guyana |publisher=CIA |accessdate=6 January 2014 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054920/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gy.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_census = 747,884&lt;ref name=&quot;2012Census&quot;&gt;[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guyana.aspx Guyana 2012 Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806161129/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/guyana.aspx |date=6 August 2014 }} GeoHive– Guyana. Retrieved 2 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year = 2016
| population_estimate_rank = 165t
| population_census_year = 2012
| population_density_km2 = 3.502
| population_density_rank = 232nt or 8t least-densely populatit in the warld
| population_density_sq_mi = 9.071
| GDP_PPP = $6.093 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year = 2016
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7,919&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal = $3.456 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot; /&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year = 2016
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,492&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2016&amp;ey=2020&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=336&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=25&amp;pr.y=14 |title=Guyana |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=18 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini = 44.5
| Gini_year = 1998
| Gini_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;Gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |accessdate=22 July 2015 |publisher=World Bank |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archivedate=9 February 2015 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI = 0.638
| HDI_year = 2015
| HDI_change = steady
|HDI_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;HDI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title = 2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate = 21 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank = 127t
| currency = [[Guyanese dollar]]
| currency_code = GYD
| time_zone = GYT (Guyana Time)
| utc_offset = -4
| drives_on = caur
| calling_code = [[+592]]
| cctld = [[.gy]]
| area_magnitude = 1 E11
}}
[[File:Guyana regions numbered (GINA).png|thumb|Territorial organization]]
'''Guyana''', offeecially kent as the '''Co-operative Republic o Guyana''', an previously kent as Breetish Guiana, is a state on the northren coast o [[Sooth Americae]] that is culturally pairt o the Anglophone [[Caribbean]]. Guyana is a umwhile colony o the Breetish, Dutch an, for a brief period, the French. It is the anely state o the [[Commonwalth o Naitions]] on mainland Sooth Americae, an is forby a member o the [[Caribbean Commonty]] (CARICOM), that haes its secretariat heidquarters in Guyana's caipital, Georgetoun. Guyana achieved unthirldom frae the Unitit Kinrick on [[26 Mey]] 1966 an becam a republic on [[23 Februar]] 1970.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1101219008|title=The Commonwealth yearbook.|publisher=Hanson Cooke Ltd for the Commonwealth Secretariat|others=Commonwealth Secretariat|isbn=978-1-908609-19-9|location=London|chapter=Guyana: country profile|oclc=1101219008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gallarie ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Demerara.JPG
File:20191122 Guyana 0082 Georgetown sRGB (49295764796).jpg
File:Guyana Parliament Building.jpg
File:Stabroek Market.JPG
File:St. Andrew's Kirk (22872384204).jpg
File:Georgetown (23544733932).jpg
File:One Day Cricket - panoramio.jpg
File:Kaieteur Falls (14054005082).jpg
File:Lethem Guyana Kunuku Mountains.jpg
File:Rupununi River.jpg
File:4 day trip to La Selva Lodge on the Napo River in the Amazon jungle of E. Ecuador - Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) - (26592958760).jpg|Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin)
File:Shell Beach - panoramio (5).jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Guyana| ]]
[[Category:Kintras in Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1966]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Member states o the Commonweel o Naitions]]
[[Category:Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation]]
[[Category:Member states o the Union o Sooth American Naitions]]


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    <title>Daihatsu Taft</title>
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      <text bytes="2096" sha1="nk40qr9va5rhvbeswr611flrr5ankoz" xml:space="preserve">'''Daihatsu Taft''' is a [[fower-wheel-drive]] vehicle biggit bi [[Daihatsu]] atween 1974 an 1984.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/company/car_model/car_old.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20201101105147/https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/company/car_model/car_old.html | archivedate = 2020-11-01 | title = 懐かしのクルマ（販売終了車種） | trans-title = Nostalgic Cars (discontinued models) | language = ja | publisher = Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. }}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis forby kent as the Daihatsu Scat in some markets. The Daihatsu Taft is seemilar tae [[Suzuki Jimny]] an wis later replaced bi the [[Daihatsu Fourtrak]].

The first Taft wis the F10 introduced in 1974. It wis equipped wi a 1.0L petrol ingine an a 4-speed transmission wi a 2-range transfer case. The F10 wis available in short-wheel-base (SWB) softtop an hardtop versions.

[[Image:Daihatsu Taft F50 25d.JPG|thumb|1979 Daihatsu F50]]
[[Image:Daihatsu Taft 4x4.JPG|thumb|Daihatsu Taft F50 Off Road Prepared]]

Aroond 1977, the F10 wis replaced wi the F20 series wi the 1.6L 12R petrol ingine. Aroond the same time the F50 2.5L DG diesel version wis introduced. Baith models featurt an improved transmission an wur available in SWB softtop an hardtop versions. In 1979, trayback/ute versions o the F20 an F50 wur introduced as the F25 an F55 models.
Aroond 1983, updated F20/F25 models wur introduced wi an optional Deluxe version an optional 5-speed gearbox. At the same time the F50/F55 models wur replaced wi the F60/F65 wi a 2.8L DL diesel, wi the same Deluxe model version an optional 5-speed gearbox.

Atween 1981 an 1984, Toyota sauld a rebadged Taft kent as the Toyota Blizzard. Fitted wi the 2.2L L-series diesel, the LD10 Blizzard featurt the same optional Deluxe model fitout as the Taft.

In 1984, the Taft/Scat models wur replaced wi the Daihatsu Fourtrak (Daihatsu Rocky in Australie).
In Indonesie, the Daihatsu Fourtrak is still kent as the Daihatsu Taft GT.

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Daihatsu vehicles|Taft]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1974]]
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    <title>Westfield Megabusa</title>
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      <comment>Rewrite, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2199" sha1="51j4qnmzcdau7cd9zetyco81h1w3gc8" xml:space="preserve">{{Needs Mair Soorces|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image        = Westfield Megabusa.jpg
| name         = Westfield Megabusa
| manufacturer = [[Westfield Sportscars]]
| production   = 2000 &amp;ndash; present
| class        = [[Sports caur]]
| layout       = Front ingine, rear-wheel drive
| body_style   = Clubman
| engine       = {{convert|1300|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}} watter-cooled 4-stroke 16-valve DOHC inline-fower {{convert|178|bhp|abbr=on}} @ 9,800&amp;nbsp;rpm
| transmission = 6-speed constant-mesh sequential manual
| length       = {{convert|3340|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| width        = {{convert|1610|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| weight       = Frae {{convert|440|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
}}
The '''Westfield Megabusa''' is a caur makkit in Britain an inspired bi the [[Lotus Seven]]. It haes a 1,299&amp;nbsp;cc motorbike ingine, taen frae the Suzuki Hayabusa, an a sax-speed sequential gearbox.&lt;ref name=&quot;official_page&quot;&gt;{{cite web
| title = Westfield Megabusa - Showroom
| work = Westfield Sportscars Ltd.
| url = http://www.westfield-sportscars.co.uk/SErange/megabusa.html
| access-date = 31 August 2007
| archive-date = 18 December 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081218114532/http://www.westfield-sportscars.co.uk/SErange/megabusa.html
| url-status = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; In some European kintras the Megabusa is a track caur that is legal on the road.

==Extras available==
*Front anti-roll bar
*Oval wide-track front wishbones wi a cantilever inboard anti-roll bar
*Rear anti-roll bar
*Rear arches that can be taen aff
*Rear FW body stylin
*Quick-release steerin wheel
*Trimmed racin seats
*RAC specification roll bar
*Full FIA roll cage
*Uprated suspension frae Nitron Racing Shocks
*Fower-pynt 3&quot; race harnesses
*Limitit-slip differential
*Fully electrically heatit screen
*Wather tonneau cover
*Full trim interior
*Epoxy-coatit aluminium panels

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Westfield Megabusa}}
* [http://www.westfield-sportscars.co.uk Westfield Sportscars Ltd.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907194329/https://westfield-sportscars.co.uk/ |date=2019-09-07 }}

[[Category:Westfield vehicles|Megabusa]]

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  <page>
    <title>Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas</title>
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      <text bytes="2166" sha1="tk5p3mdvdk4yi49bm4hx8ekxlk103ka" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno
| other_name             = (Juján)
| settlement_type        = Toun
| pushpin_map            = Ecuador
| coordinates            = {{coord|01|55|S|079|31|W|region:EC_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes  = &lt;ref name=&quot;GEOnet&quot;&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA8839C1A53774E0440003BA962ED3|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Guayas, Ecuador}}. Retrieved 4 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_type       = Kintra
| subdivision_name       = [[Ecuador]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Ecuador|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Guayas Province|Guayas]]
| subdivision_type2      = Canton
| subdivision_name2      = [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton|A. Baquerizo Moreno]] (Juján)
| area_total_km2         = 1.25
| population_footnotes   = &lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;&gt;[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ecuador/towns/guayas/090250/ Citypopulation.de] Population and area of Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total       = 6035
| population_as_of       = 2022 census
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Köppen climate clessification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec1        = Aw
}}

'''Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno'''&lt;ref name=&quot;GEOnet&quot; /&gt; is a [[toun]] in [[Guayas Province|Guayas province]] in [[Ecuador]]. It is on the mairch atween the Guayas an [[Los Ríos Province|Los Ríos]] provinces. It wis gien its official nem in honour o [[Alfredo Baquerizo|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] (1859 – 1951), three times Preses o Ecuador. It is kent as '''Juján''' an aw,&lt;ref&gt;{{GEOnet2|32FA8839C1A63774E0440003BA962ED3|Juján, Guayas, Ecuador}}. Retrieved 4 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; a nem that comes frae a local [[tree]]. It wis foondit in 1892 bi José Domingo Delgado (1844–1938).

At the 2010 census the toun's official population wis 8,343, an bi the 2022 census it haed gane doun tae 6,035.&lt;ref name=&quot;pop&quot;/&gt; It is the seat o the [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton|Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno]] canton (kent as Juján forby), that wis creatit in 1986.

==See an aw==
*[[Puerto Baquerizo Moreno]]

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:Populatit places in Guayas Province]]
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  <page>
    <title>Peterheid</title>
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      <comment>Mellin content fae https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterhead_F.C.&amp;oldid=909780</comment>
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      <text bytes="1924" sha1="cs8b1n8gwqdex5a856akdfvfgjf55co" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Buchanhaven, Peterhead.jpg|thumb|The Buchanhaven aurie o Peterheid frae the north bank o the River Uige]]
[[File:Peterhead, Broad Street.jpg|thumb|Braid Street, Peterheid, 1976]]
'''Peterheid''' ({{lang-en|Peterhead}}, {{lang-gd|Ceann Phàdraig / Inbhir Ùigidh}}) is the mukkilest toun in [[Aiberdeenshire]], [[Scotland]]. Hit byds on the coast o the [[German Ocean]] an is the aestrenmaist toun on mainland Scotland. The aestrenmaist pynt is a hauf-iland cawed Keith Inch, whilk is pairt o Peterheid haven. At the tyd o the 2001 Census hit haed aboot 17,947 indwallers.
[[File:Robert Brandard (1805 - 1862)- Peterhead - ABDAG017330 - Aberdeen City Council (Archives, Gallery and Museums Collection).jpg|left|thumb|Peterheid pre 1862 by Robert Brandard (1805-1862) in Aiberdeen Art Gallery]]
Peterheid wis foondit bi fishermen an wis maistlins an ettilt toun. In 1593 the biggin o Peterheid's first haven, Port Henry, forderd the growthe o Peterheid as a wechtie fishin an tredin port. A lifeboat station wis set up in 1865. In the 1970s thar wis a new speal o growthe whan the naurby St Fergus gas terminal wis biggit an the toun becam a mukkil steid for the ayl industrie.

Atwein 1952 an 2005, thar wis a [[Ryal Air Force]] base cawed ''RAF Buchan'' naur the toun. Peterheid umwhyl haed twa railwey hauts, ''Peterheid'' an ''Peterheid Docks'', but baith ar nou shut.

The toun is aften eik-named ''The Blue Toon'' an hits indwallers as ''Blue Tooners''. The local fitba team, Peterhead F.C., pleys its gemms at Bawmuir Pairk.

==See an aa==
*[[Peterheid prison]]

{{#invoke:coordinates|coord|display=title}}

[[Category:Peterheid| ]]
[[Category:Touns in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Ports an herbours o Scotland]]
[[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the North Sea]]
[[Category:Fishin commonties in Scotland]]
[[Category:Post touns in the AB postcode aurie]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
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  <page>
    <title>Collogue:University o Saunt Aundraes</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:Varsity o Saunt Aundraes]] til [[Collogue:University o Saunt Aundraes]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Gadabay Rayon</title>
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      <comment>marked status as desd</comment>
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      <text bytes="1859" sha1="el831f6sxk23a1exc4hqy2hk2bvm383" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gadabay
| type = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Azerbaijan|Rayon]]
| image_map = Gadabay District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
| map_caption = Map o Azerbaijan showin Gadabay rayon
| subdivision_type = Kintra
| subdivision_name = [[Azerbaijan]]
| population_as_of = 2010 est.
| population_total = 94,200
| area_total_km2 = 1,290
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =  232
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 2100
| seat_type = Caipital
| seat = [[Gadabay (ceety)|Gadabay]]
}}

'''Gadabay''' ({{lang-az|Gədəbəy}}; {{lang-ru|Гедабек, Гедабекский район}},  ''Gadabek''; mair common traditional Roushie spellin Кедабек, Кедабекский район) is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Azerbaijan|rayon]] o [[Azerbaijan]] renouned for its tatties an its gowd fields. The famous [[Siemens AG|Siemens company]] wirkit here in the Tsarist era claimin that they wur exportin [[copper]]. Housomeivver it haes been racently revealt that in fact they wur acqually secretly exportin [[gowd]]. The gowd minin operation haes racently resumit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anglo-Asian Mining Website|url=http://www.aamining.com/contribute/gedabek.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105223405/http://www.aamining.com/contribute/gedabek.php|archive-date=2010-01-05|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demographics==
===Ethnic Groups===
* [[Azeris]] 99,29%
* Ither 0,71% (maistly ethnic Roushies, some o wham belangs the [[Molokan]] releegious minority, bidin in veelages lik [[Slavyanka, Azerbaijan|Slavyanka]])

===Releegion===
* [[Muslim]] 99,9%
* Ither 0,1%

===Language===
* [[Azerbaijani leid]] 100%

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Azerbaijan}}
{{Gadabay Rayon}}

{{coord missing|Azerbaijan}}

{{Stub/Azerbaijan}}
[[Category:Destricts o Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Gadabay Rayon| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Govisümber Province</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33429</id>
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      <id>927847</id>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3186" sha1="3v04fp3d2094p2pcs7zo6ibnb3vjpz8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name = Govisümber Province
| native_name = Говьсүмбэр аймаг&lt;br&gt;{{MongolUnicode|ᠭᠣᠪᠢ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷ}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ}}
| native_name_lang = mn
| settlement_type = [[Provinces o Mongolie|Province]]
| image_skyline = At Choir Mongolia (11532660476).jpg
| image_caption = Railwey station at Choir
| image_flag = Mn flag govisümber aimag.svg
| image_shield = Mn coa govisümber aimag.svg
| image_map = Govisümber in Mongolia.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|46|30|N|108|30|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Kintra
| subdivision_name = Mongolie
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date|1994}}
| seat_type =Capital
| seat =[[Choir, Mongolia|Choir]] 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 5541.80
| population_total = 16924
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[UTC+08:00]]
| area_code = +976 7054xxxx
| registration_plate = ГС_
| iso_code = MN-064
| website = http://www.govisumber.gov.mn/
}}
'''Govisümber''' ({{lang-mn|Говьсүмбэр}}, literally [[Gobi]]-[[Sümber]]) is ane o the 21 [[Provinces o Mongolie|aimags]] (provinces) o [[Mongolie]]. It is locatit in the centre o the kintra. Its caipital is [[Choir, Mongolie|Choir]].
{{Stub/Asie}}[[File:Mongolia Govisumber sum map.png|thumb|right|250px|Sums o Govisümber]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ The [[Sums o Mongolie|Sums]] o Govisümber Aimag&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cxls0x239.xls |title=Govisümber Aimag Statistical Office |access-date=2012-05-11 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722220419/http://www.statis.mn/portal/content_files/comppmedia/cxls0x239.xls |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! Sum
! [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
! Population (2003)
! Population (2008)
! Aurie (km²)
! Density (/km²)
! Sum centre population (2002) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://gate1.pmis.gov.mn/govisumber/index.php?m63 |title=Govisümber aimag official site |access-date=2012-05-11 |archive-date=2007-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924203447/http://gate1.pmis.gov.mn/govisumber/index.php?m63 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Bayantal, Govisümber|Bayantal]]    ||  {{lang|mn|Баянтал  }}||838||851||916.06||0.92||120
|-
| [[Shiveegovi, Govisümber|Shiveegovi]]||  {{lang|mn|Шивээговь  }}||2,685||2,745||857.55 ||3.20||1,800
|-
| [[Sümber, Govisümber|Sümber]]        ||  {{lang|mn|Сүмбэр  }}||8,996||9,719||3768.19||2.58||7,998 * (2006&lt;ref&gt;[http://pmis.gov.mn/govi-sumber/www/content.php?id=25 Govisümber Aimag offeecial steid]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;)
|-
|}
&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; - The aimag caipital [[Choir, Mongolie|Choir]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Govisumber Province
|North     = 
|Northeast = [[Khentii Province]]
|East      = 
|Southeast = [[Dornogovi Province]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Dundgovi Province]]
|West      = 
|Northwest = [[Tov Province]]
}}

{{Provinces o Mongolie}}

[[Category:Govisümber Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces o Mongolie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Santander, Colombie</title>
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        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
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      <comment>/* See an aw */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7017" sha1="pfjvwyx0t8o1do5gbsdaq19bjfr59m9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox department
| name                    = Depairtment o Santander
| native_name             = Departamento de Santander
| native_name_lang        = es&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code --&gt;
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Flag of Santander (Colombia).svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of Santander Department.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = ''Santandereanos siempre adelante''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Spaingie leid|Spaingie:]] ''Fowk o Santander aye aheid'')&lt;/small&gt;
| anthem                  = [[wikisource:es:Himno de Santander|Himno de Santander]]
| image_map               = Santander in Colombia (mainland).svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Santander shown in red
| coordinates             = {{coord|7|8|N|73|0|W|region:CO_type:adm2nd|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintras]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Colombie}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Colombie|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Andean Natural Region, Colombie|Andean Region]]
| parts_type              = Lairgest ceety
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Bucaramanga]]
| established_title       = Established
| established_date        = 13 Mey 1857
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Colombie|Provinces]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 8
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipalities]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 87
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| seat                    = [[Bucaramanga]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Colombie Leeberal Pairty]]
| leader_title            = [[Leet o govrenors o the Santander Depairtment|Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = Horacio Serpa Uribe
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 30537
| area_rank               = [[Leet o Colombie depairtments bi aurie|12]]
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref&gt;http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/regiones/santander/santander.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 2.057.789
| population_as_of        = 2005
| population_rank         = [[Leet o Colombie depairtments bi population|6]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[UTC-05]]
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:CO|CO-SAN]]
| website                 = [http://www.gobernaciondesantander.gov.co/ gobernaciondesantander.gov.co]
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Santander''' is a [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Colombie]]. Santander inheritit the name o ane o the nine oreeginal states o the [[Unitit States o Colombie]]. It is locatit in the central northren pairt o the kintra, east o the [[Magdalena River]], bordered tae the sooth an sootheast bi [[Boyacá]], tae the northeast bi [[Norte de Santander]], tae the north bi [[Cesar, Colombie|Cesar]], an tae the wast bi [[Bolívar, Colombie|Bolivar]] an [[Antioquia]]. Its caipital is the ceety o [[Bucaramanga]].

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
===Provinces===
The depairtment is subdividit intae [[province]]s:

* [[Metropolitan Province]]
* [[North Soto Province]]
* [[Comunera Province]]
* [[Guanentá Province]]
* [[Vélez Province]]
* [[García Rovira Province]]
* [[Mares Province]]
* [[Carare-Opón Province]]

===Municipalities===
{{columns
|col1 = 
* [[Aguada, Colombie|Aguada]]
* [[Albania, Santander|Albania]]
* [[Aratoca]]
* [[Barbosa, Santander|Barbosa]]
* [[Barichara]]
* [[Barrancabermeja]]
* [[Betulia, Santander|Betulia]]
* [[Bolívar, Santander|Bolívar]]
* '''[[Bucaramanga]]'''
* [[Cabrera, Santander|Cabrera]]
* [[California, Santander|California]]
* [[Capitanejo, Colombie|Capitanejo]]
* [[Carcasi]]
* [[Cepita]]
* [[Cerrito, Santander|Cerrito]]
* [[Charala]]
* [[Charta]]
* [[Chima (toun)|Chima]]
* [[Chipata, Santander|Chipata]]
* [[Cimitarra]]
* [[Concepción, Santander|Concepción]]
* [[Confines]]
* [[Contratación]]
|col2 = 
* [[Coromoro]]
* [[Curiti]]
* [[El Carmen, Santander|El Carmen]]
* [[El Guacamayo]]
* [[El Peñón, Santander|El Peñón]]
* [[El Playón, Colombie|El Playón]]
* [[Encino, Santander|Encino]]
* [[Enciso, Colombie|Enciso]]
* [[Florián]]
* [[Floridablanca, Santander|Floridablanca]]
* [[Galan, Santander|Galan]]
* [[Gambita]]
* [[Girón, Santander|Girón]]
* [[Guaca, Santander|Guaca]]
* [[Guadalupe, Santander|Guadalupe]]
* [[Guapota]]
* [[Guavata]]
* [[Guepsa]]
* [[Hato, Santander|Hato]]
* [[Jesus María, Santander|Jesus María]]
* [[Jordan, Santander|Jordan]]
* [[La Belleza]]
* [[Landazuri]]
|col3 =
* [[La Paz, Santander|La Paz]]
* [[Lebrija, Santander|Lebrija]]
* [[Los Santos, Santander|Los Santos]]
* [[Macaravita]]
* [[Málaga, Santander|Málaga]]
* [[Matanza, Santander|Matanza]]
* [[Mogotes]]
* [[Molagavita]]
* [[Ocamonte]]
* [[Oiba]]
* [[Onzaga]]
* [[Palmar, Santander|Palmar]]
* [[Palmas Socorro]]
* [[Paramo, Santander|Paramo]]
* [[Piedecuesta]]
* [[Pinchote]]
* [[Puente Nacional, Santander|Puente Nacional]]
* [[Puerto Parra]]
* [[Puerto Wilches]]
* [[Rionegro, Santander|Rionegro]]
* [[Sabana de Torres]]
* [[San Andrés, Santander|San Andrés]]
* [[San Benito, Santander|San Benito]]
|col4 =
* [[San Gil]]
* [[San Joaquín, Santander|San Joaquín]]
* [[San José Miranda]]
* [[San Miguel, Santander|San Miguel]]
* [[Santa Bárbara, Santander|Santa Bárbara]]
* [[Santa Helena del Opón]]
* [[San Vicente de Chucurí]]
* [[Simacota]]
* [[Socorro, Santander|Socorro]]
* [[Suaita]]
* [[Sucre, Santander|Sucre]]
* [[Surata]]
* [[Tona, Santander|Tona]]
* [[Valle San José]]
* [[Vélez, Santander|Vélez]]
* [[Vetas]]
* [[Villanueva, Santander|Villanueva]]
* [[Zapatoca]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{commons category}}
* {{es icon}} [http://www.gobernaciondesantander.gov.co/santander/portal/ Govrenment o Santander offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610180108/http://www.gobernaciondesantander.gov.co/santander/portal/ |date=2007-06-10 }}
* [http://visitasantander.co/guide/index/en#!/guide/home/en Offeecial wabsteid o Santander Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504030734/http://visitasantander.co/guide/index/en#!/guide/home/en |date=2012-05-04 }}
{{wikivoyage|Santander, Colombia}}

{{Depairtments o Colombie}}

[[Category:Santander, Colombie| ]]
[[Category:Depairtments o Colombie]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1857]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Digital object identifier</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38229</id>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <comment>Remove Fix Scots: the Scots is fine</comment>
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      <text bytes="638" sha1="439p8rjm83dy00sg4iida96are73ol0" xml:space="preserve">A '''digital object identifier''' (DOI) is a chairacter string (a &quot;digital identifier&quot;) uised tae uniquely identify an object sic as an electronic [[document]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is a DOI?|url=https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/what-is-a-doi/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817020953/https://www.doi.org/the-identifier/what-is-a-doi/|archive-date=2023-08-17|access-date=2023-10-26|website=www.doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Digital Object Identifier}}
[[Category:Academic publishin]]
[[Category:Electronic documents]]
[[Category:Identifiers]]
[[Category:Index (publishin)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fridtjof Nansen</title>
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      <text bytes="2318" sha1="ed73o4jng9w1wbppqg1361iz6e5ab58" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fridtjof Nansen LOC 03377u-3.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Fridtjof Nansen]]
{{Nobel}}'''Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen''' ({{IPAc-en
|icon|ˈ|f|r|ɪ|d|.|tʃ|ɒ|f|_|ˈ|n|æ|n|s|ən}} {{respell|FRID|choff}} {{respell|NAN|sən}}; 10 October 1861&amp;nbsp;– 13 Mey 1930) wis a [[Norawa|Norse]] explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian an [[Leet o Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Nobel Peace Prize laureate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ryne&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last = Ryne | first = Linn | title = Fridtjof Nansen: Man of many facets | url = http://www.mnc.net/norway/Nansen.htm | publisher = Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs | access-date = 25 August 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190915182025/http://www.mnc.net/norway/Nansen.htm | archive-date = 15 September 2019 | url-status = live }}&lt;/ref&gt; In his youth a champion skier an ice skater, he led the team that makkit the first crossin o the [[Greenland]] interior in 1888, an won internaitional fame efter reachin a record northren latitude o 86°14′ durin his [[Nansen's Fram expedition|Nor' Powl expedition]] o 1893–96.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ryne&quot; /&gt; Awtho he retired frae exploration efter his return tae Norawa, his techniques o polar traivel an his innovations in equipment an [[claes]] influencit a generation o subsequent Arctic an [[Antarctic]] expeditions.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nansen, Fridtjof}}
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1930 daiths]]
[[Category:Commandeurs o the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Explorers o the Arctic]]
[[Category:Fedrelandslaget]]
[[Category:Franz Josef Land]]
[[Category:Fridtjof Nansen| ]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross o the Ryal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Kara Sea]]
[[Category:Knichts o the Order o the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:League o Naitions fowk]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Norse explorers]]
[[Category:Norse Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Norse politeecians]]
[[Category:Norse scientists]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Bærum]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Oslo]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Cullum Geographical Medal]]
[[Category:Rectors o the Varsity o St Andras]]
[[Category:Rectors o varsities an colleges in Norawa]]
[[Category:Varsity o Oslo faculty]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Honorary Members o the St Petersburg Academy o Sciences]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Agarak (clachan), Syunik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>39231</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Drap Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1613" sha1="3p0sw2l903wa27fynt3bs432wfv9acp" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Agarak
|native_name =Ագարակ 
|settlement_type        = [[Commonty (Armenie)|commonty]]
|pushpin_map            =Armenia
|mapsize                =150px
|subdivision_type       = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Armenie}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Armenie|Marz (Province)]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Syunik Province|Syunik]]
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =
|established_date       = 
|area_total_km2           = 16.60
|area_footnotes           = &lt;ref&gt;{{ARMENIAarea|Syunik}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_as_of         = 2010
|population_total =183
|population_density_km2   =auto
|timezone =&amp;nbsp;
|utc_offset             = +4
|timezone_DST           =&amp;nbsp;
|utc_offset_DST         = +5
|coordinates            = {{coord|39|12|14|N|46|32|50|E|region:AM|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 
|area_code              = 
|website                = 
|footnotes              = {{GEOnet2|32FA881E75813774E0440003BA962ED3}}
}}
'''Agarak''' ({{lang-hy|Ագարակ}}, [[Latin alphabet|Romanised]] as '''Aqarak''') is a clachan an [[Commonty (Armenie)|rural commonty]] (municipality) in the [[Syunik Province]] o [[Armenie]]. The [[Naitional Statistical Service o the Republic o Armenie]] (ARMSTAT) reportit Agarak's population as 183 in 2010,&lt;ref&gt;{{ARMSTATdata|44}}&lt;/ref&gt; doun frae 190 at the 2001 census.&lt;ref&gt;{{ArmenianCensus|210}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Syunik}}

[[Category:Commonties in Syunik Province]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Syunik Province]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Black</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40012</id>
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      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1129" sha1="jolwol99syfdujh0ni2wejejshs08zj" xml:space="preserve">{{About|the colour}}
{{colourswatch|black}}
'''Black''' is the [[colour]] o [[coal]], [[ebony]], an the nicht sky.  It is the daurkest colour, the result o the absence o or complete absorption o licht. It is the opposite o [[white]].&lt;ref&gt;''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary''. 5th Edition (2002): &quot;Opposite to white: colourless from the absence or complete absorption of light. Also, so near this as to have no distinguishable colour, very dark.&quot;  See also ''Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language'' (1964): &quot;The darkest color.&quot;  ''Le Petit Larousse Illustré'', (1997) &quot;Se dit de la couleur la plus foncée, due à l'absence ou à l'absorption totale des rayons lumineux.&quot; (&quot;Said of the very darkest colour, due to the absence or complete absorption of all rays of light.&quot;)&lt;/ref&gt;

In Europe an the Unitit States, it is the colour maist commonly associatit wi mourning, the end, secrets, magic, pouer, violence, evil, an elegance.&lt;ref&gt;Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur - effets et symboliques'' (pp. 105−127) {{fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Fitmerks==
{{Reflist}}

{{colours}}

[[Category:Colours]]


{{Stub/Unc}}</text>
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    <title>Abreus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>135002</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="3219" sha1="nsug01cct1f6zunhuuqhggjplcpr5t3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement fur aw fields an descriptions o uise--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|official_name          = Abreus
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Cuba|Municipality]]
&lt;!-- images an maps  -----------&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Cuba
|pushpin_label_position = none
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location o Abreus in [[Cuba]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 280
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Cuba}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Cuba|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cienfuegos Province|Cienfuegos]]
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1840&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_footnotes           =&lt;ref name=statoids/&gt;
|area_total_km2           = 564
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=atenas/&gt;
|population_total               = 30330
|population_density_km2         = 53.8
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset             = -5
|coordinates ={{coord|22|16|50|N|80|34|4|W|region:CU|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 60
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; ithers --------&gt;
|area_code              = +53-432
}}
'''Abreus''' is a municipality an ceety in the [[Cienfuegos Province]] o [[Cuba]].

The municipality is dividit intae the [[barrio]]s o Abreus.&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;

It wis foondit in 1840.&lt;ref name=guije&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|title=Abreus|author=Guije.com|accessdate=2007-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221925/http://guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|archivedate=2007-10-12|url-status=live}} {{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demografics==
In 2004, the municipality o Abreus haed a population o 30,330.&lt;ref name=atenas&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| title=2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality| author=Atenas.cu| year=2004| access-date=2007-10-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm| archivedate=2007-09-27| url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-10-30 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |url-status=live}} {{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi a total aurie o {{convert|564|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=statoids&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html|title=Municipios of Cuba|author=Statoids|year=2003|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012141831/http://statoids.com/ycu.html|archive-date=2007-10-12|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; it haes a population densitie o {{convert|53.8|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}.

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Cuba]]
*[[Leet o ceeties in Cuba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities in Cienfuegos}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Cienfuegos Province]]</text>
      <sha1>nsug01cct1f6zunhuuqhggjplcpr5t3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927954</id>
      <parentid>927939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:54:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2839" sha1="e4io24k7rm2zesb9pje2s1g631ix37x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name          = Abreus
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Cuba|Municipality]]
|pushpin_map            = Cuba
|pushpin_label_position = none
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location o Abreus in [[Cuba]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 280
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Cuba}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Cuba|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cienfuegos Province|Cienfuegos]]
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1840&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;
|area_footnotes           =&lt;ref name=statoids/&gt;
|area_total_km2           = 564
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=atenas/&gt;
|population_total               = 30330
|population_density_km2         = 53.8
|timezone               = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset             = -5
|coordinates ={{coord|22|16|50|N|80|34|4|W|region:CU|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 60
|area_code              = +53-432
}}
'''Abreus''' is a municipality an ceety in the [[Cienfuegos Province]] o [[Cuba]].

The municipality is dividit intae the [[barrio]]s o Abreus.&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;

It wis foondit in 1840.&lt;ref name=guije&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|title=Abreus|author=Guije.com|accessdate=2007-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221925/http://guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|archivedate=2007-10-12|url-status=live}} {{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demografics==
In 2004, the municipality o Abreus haed a population o 30,330.&lt;ref name=atenas&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| title=2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality| author=Atenas.cu| year=2004| access-date=2007-10-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm| archivedate=2007-09-27| url-status=dead}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-10-30 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |url-status=live}} {{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi a total aurie o {{convert|564|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=statoids&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html|title=Municipios of Cuba|author=Statoids|year=2003|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012141831/http://statoids.com/ycu.html|archive-date=2007-10-12|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; it haes a population densitie o {{convert|53.8|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}.

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Cuba]]
*[[Leet o ceeties in Cuba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities in Cienfuegos}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Cienfuegos Province]]</text>
      <sha1>e4io24k7rm2zesb9pje2s1g631ix37x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927981</id>
      <parentid>927954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T01:27:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atlantic306</username>
        <id>30244</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Demografics */ fixed reference</comment>
      <origin>927981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2551" sha1="ttk020pdtol3pzky5y5sca8sc4rzzbc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name          = Abreus
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Cuba|Municipality]]
|pushpin_map            = Cuba
|pushpin_label_position = none
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location o Abreus in [[Cuba]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 280
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Cuba}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Cuba|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Cienfuegos Province|Cienfuegos]]
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 1840&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;
|area_footnotes           =&lt;ref name=statoids/&gt;
|area_total_km2           = 564
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=atenas/&gt;
|population_total               = 30330
|population_density_km2         = 53.8
|timezone               = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset             = -5
|coordinates ={{coord|22|16|50|N|80|34|4|W|region:CU|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 60
|area_code              = +53-432
}}
'''Abreus''' is a municipality an ceety in the [[Cienfuegos Province]] o [[Cuba]].

The municipality is dividit intae the [[barrio]]s o Abreus.&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;

It wis foondit in 1840.&lt;ref name=guije&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|title=Abreus|author=Guije.com|accessdate=2007-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221925/http://guije.com/pueblo/municipios/vabreu/index.htm|archivedate=2007-10-12|url-status=live}} {{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Demografics==
In 2004, the municipality o Abreus haed a population o 30,330.&lt;ref name=atenas&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| title=2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality| author=Atenas.cu| year=2004| access-date=2007-10-07| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714001016/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm| archivedate=14 July 2006|url-status=dead}}{{Es icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi a total aurie o {{convert|564|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=statoids&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html|title=Municipios of Cuba|author=Statoids|year=2003|access-date=2007-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012141831/http://statoids.com/ycu.html|archive-date=2007-10-12|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; it haes a population densitie o {{convert|53.8|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}.

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Cuba]]
*[[Leet o ceeties in Cuba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities in Cienfuegos}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Cienfuegos Province]]</text>
      <sha1>ttk020pdtol3pzky5y5sca8sc4rzzbc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Moranbong-guyok</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44490</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927924</id>
      <parentid>919006</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:23:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>remuived citation that cannae be accessed ony mair, baith on the internet an Web Archive, mendit an ither citation an aw</comment>
      <origin>927924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3731" sha1="1dj7qtsawqg0ojp5jhcozo6fh5669hu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Korean settlement
|title=Moranbong-guyŏk
|img=Moranbong_in_Pyongyang.jpg
|imgcaption=[[Moranbong Hill]]
|hanja={{linktext|牡丹|峰|區|域}}
|hangul=모란봉구역
|rr=Moranbong-guyeok
|mr=Moranbong-guyŏk
|area_km2=
|pop=
|popden_km2=
|divs=15 admeenistrative ''dong''
|map=
}}

'''Moranbong-guyŏk''', is ane o the 19 guyŏk which constitute the ceety o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]].  It is locatit north o [[Chung-guyok]], the ceety's central destrict, an is bordered tae the north bi [[Sosong-guyok|Sosong]] an [[Taesong-guyok]]s, tae the east bi the [[Taedong River]], an the wast bi the [[Potong River]] an [[Potonggang-guyok]]. It is namit efter [[Moran Hill]] locatit in the destrict's wast aurie (&quot;Moran&quot; means [[peony]]). It was designatit a guyŏk in October 1960 bi the Pyongyang Ceety Fowkcommittee.

==Overview==
A lairge pairt o the destrict is taken up bi the [[Moranbong Park]], Pyongyang's lairgest recreation aurie. The pairk contains mony significant historic relics, includin vestiges o the auld [[Pyongyang Castle]] waws an various ornamental pavilions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219195853/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The destrict is hame tae the [[Kim Il-sung Stadium]] an aw, built durin the Japanese occupation period an the steid o [[Kim Il-sung|Kim]]'s first speech efter the leeberation o Pyongyang. The [[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Pyongyang Airch o Triumph]], the warld's lairgest such arch, is locatit in the destrict.

==Transport==
The [[Pyongyang Metro]] runs throu this destrict, wi stops at Tongil, Kaeson, Chonu, an Chonsung Stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001237/http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

It is connected tae [[Rungra Island]] an [[Taedonggang-guyŏk]] (on the Taedong's left bank) bi the [[Rungra Bridge]].{{Citation needit}}

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
Moranbong-guyok is dividit intae fifteen admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]]. The lairgest neebourheids (Inhung, Pipa, an Kinmaul) are further dividit in two parts for administrative purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i005.htm|title=북한 지명 사전|access-date=2026-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713115932/http://nk.joins.com/map/i005.htm|archive-date=2011-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]
![[Hanja|Hancha]]
|-
|Changhyŏn-dong||장현동||{{linktext|長|峴|洞}}
|-
|[[Chilsongmun|Ch'ilsongmun]]-dong||칠성문동||{{linktext|七|星|門|洞}}
|-
|Chinhŭng-dong||진흥동||{{linktext|進|興|洞}}
|-
|Chŏnsŭng-dong||전승동||{{linktext|戰|勝|洞}}
|-
|Chŏnu-dong||전우동||{{linktext|戰|友|洞}}
|-
|Hŭngbu-dong||흥부동||{{linktext|興|富|洞}}
|-
|Inhŭng-dong||인흥동||{{linktext|仁|興|洞}}
|-
|[[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Kaesŏn]]-dong||개선동||{{linktext|凱|旋|洞}}
|-
|Kinmaŭl-dong||긴마을동||{{linktext|긴|마을|洞}}
|-
|Minhŭng-dong||민흥동||{{linktext|民|興|洞}}
|-
|Pip'a-dong||비파동||{{linktext|琵琶|洞}}
|-
|Puksae-dong||북새동||{{linktext|北|塞|洞}}
|-
|Sŏhŭng-dong||서흥동||{{linktext|西|興|洞}}
|-
|Sŏngbuk-dong||성북동||{{linktext|城|北|洞}}
|-
|[[Gye Wolhyang|Wŏlhyang]]-dong||월향동||{{linktext|月|香|洞}}
|}

==Sources==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Pyongyang}}

[[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]]</text>
      <sha1>1dj7qtsawqg0ojp5jhcozo6fh5669hu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927966</id>
      <parentid>927924</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T22:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927966</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3695" sha1="1zq1t0sx6fkydx9xipua6bed11iuf21" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Korean settlement
|title=Moranbong-guyŏk
|img=Moranbong_in_Pyongyang.jpg
|imgcaption=[[Moranbong Hill]]
|hanja={{linktext|牡丹|峰|區|域}}
|hangul=모란봉구역
|rr=Moranbong-guyeok
|mr=Moranbong-guyŏk
|divs=15 admeenistrative ''dong''
}}

'''Moranbong-guyŏk''', is ane o the 19 guyŏk which constitute the ceety o [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]].  It is locatit north o [[Chung-guyok]], the ceety's central destrict, an is bordered tae the north bi [[Sosong-guyok|Sosong]] an [[Taesong-guyok]]s, tae the east bi the [[Taedong River]], an the wast bi the [[Potong River]] an [[Potonggang-guyok]]. It is namit efter [[Moran Hill]] locatit in the destrict's wast aurie (&quot;Moran&quot; means [[peony]]). It was designatit a guyŏk in October 1960 bi the Pyongyang Ceety Fowkcommittee.

==Overview==
A lairge pairt o the destrict is taken up bi the [[Moranbong Park]], Pyongyang's lairgest recreation aurie. The pairk contains mony significant historic relics, includin vestiges o the auld [[Pyongyang Castle]] waws an various ornamental pavilions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219195853/http://north.nricp.go.kr/nrth/kor/inx/index.jsp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The destrict is hame tae the [[Kim Il-sung Stadium]] an aw, built durin the Japanese occupation period an the steid o [[Kim Il-sung|Kim]]'s first speech efter the leeberation o Pyongyang. The [[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Pyongyang Airch o Triumph]], the warld's lairgest such arch, is locatit in the destrict.

==Transport==
The [[Pyongyang Metro]] runs throu this destrict, wi stops at Tongil, Kaeson, Chonu, an Chonsung Stations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-16 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001237/http://www.pyongyang-metro.com/metromaps.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

It is connected tae [[Rungra Island]] an [[Taedonggang-guyŏk]] (on the Taedong's left bank) bi the [[Rungra Bridge]].{{Citation needit}}

==Admeenistrative diveesions==
Moranbong-guyok is dividit intae fifteen admeenistrative destricts kent as [[Dong (admeenistrative diveesion)|dong]]. The lairgest neebourheids (Inhung, Pipa, an Kinmaul) are further dividit in two parts for administrative purposes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i005.htm|title=북한 지명 사전|access-date=2026-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713115932/http://nk.joins.com/map/i005.htm|archive-date=2011-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
![[Hangul|Chosŏn'gŭl]]
![[Hanja|Hancha]]
|-
|Changhyŏn-dong||장현동||{{linktext|長|峴|洞}}
|-
|[[Chilsongmun|Ch'ilsongmun]]-dong||칠성문동||{{linktext|七|星|門|洞}}
|-
|Chinhŭng-dong||진흥동||{{linktext|進|興|洞}}
|-
|Chŏnsŭng-dong||전승동||{{linktext|戰|勝|洞}}
|-
|Chŏnu-dong||전우동||{{linktext|戰|友|洞}}
|-
|Hŭngbu-dong||흥부동||{{linktext|興|富|洞}}
|-
|Inhŭng-dong||인흥동||{{linktext|仁|興|洞}}
|-
|[[Airch o Triumph (Pyongyang)|Kaesŏn]]-dong||개선동||{{linktext|凱|旋|洞}}
|-
|Kinmaŭl-dong||긴마을동||{{linktext|긴|마을|洞}}
|-
|Minhŭng-dong||민흥동||{{linktext|民|興|洞}}
|-
|Pip'a-dong||비파동||{{linktext|琵琶|洞}}
|-
|Puksae-dong||북새동||{{linktext|北|塞|洞}}
|-
|Sŏhŭng-dong||서흥동||{{linktext|西|興|洞}}
|-
|Sŏngbuk-dong||성북동||{{linktext|城|北|洞}}
|-
|[[Gye Wolhyang|Wŏlhyang]]-dong||월향동||{{linktext|月|香|洞}}
|}

==Sources==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Pyongyang}}

[[Category:Destricts o Pyongyang]]</text>
      <sha1>1zq1t0sx6fkydx9xipua6bed11iuf21</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Las Tunas (ceety)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44954</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927822</id>
      <parentid>927690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:01:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4634" sha1="6fpmgqg4p4n6ph36dm414vw29zj21lv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = Victoria de Las Tunas
|other_name             = &lt;small&gt;(Las Tunas)&lt;/small&gt;
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Cuba|Municipality]]
|image_skyline          = Las Tunas CF9A5628.jpg
|imagesize              = 280
|image_caption          = Las Tunas
|pushpin_map            = Cuba
|pushpin_label_position = none
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location o Victoria de Las Tunas in [[Cuba]]
|pushpin_mapsize        = 280
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Cuba}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces o Cuba|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Las Tunas Province|Las Tunas]]
|established_title      = Estaiblisht
|established_date       = 1759&lt;ref name=guije/&gt;
|area_footnotes           =&lt;ref name=statoids/&gt;
|area_total_km2           = 891
|population_as_of               = 2004
|population_footnotes           = &lt;ref name=atenas/&gt;
|population_total               = 171957
|population_density_km2         = auto
|population_demonym             = Tunero/a
|timezone               = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset             = -5
|coordinates            = {{coord|20|57|35|N|76|57|16|W|region:CU|display=inline}}
|elevation_m            = 92
|postal_code_type       = Postal code
|postal_code            = 75100-75500
|area_code              = +53 31
}} 
'''Las Tunas'''&lt;ref name=statoids/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{es icon}} [http://www.tunet.cult.cu/pagsec/institut/histor/index.htm Historical site of the city of Las Tunas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116182605/http://www.tunet.cult.cu/pagsec/institut/histor/index.htm |date=2012-11-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Source: ''Mapa de Carreteras de Cuba'' (Road map of Cuba). Ediciones GEO, [[Havana]] 2011 - ISBN 959-7049-21-X&lt;/ref&gt; is a ceety an municipality in central-eastren [[Cuba]]. It is the caipital o the [[Las Tunas Province]] an wis namit ''Victoria de Las Tunas'' frae 1869 tae 1976.&lt;ref&gt;{{es icon}} [http://www.ecured.cu/index.php/Las_Tunas_%28Municipio%29#Origen_y_evoluci.C3.B3n.C2.A0_del_nombre.C2.A0_de_Las_Tunas Las Tunas: origin and evoltion of the name] ([[EcuRed]])&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geografie==
The municipality is dividit intae the [[barrio]]s o Primero, Segundo, Antonio Machado, Arenas, Caisimú, Cauto del Paso, Cuaba, Curana, Dumañuecos, Ojo de Agua, Oriente, Palmarito, Playuelas an San José de la Plata.&lt;ref name=&quot;guije&quot;&gt;{{es icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.guije.com/pueblo/municipios/ovictoria/index.htm |title=Victoria de Las Tunas |author=Guije.com |accessdate=2007-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ceety o Victoria de las Tunas is locatit in alang the [[Carretera Central (Cuba)|Carretera Central]] (heich-gate), atween the ceeties o [[Camagüey]], [[Holguín]] an [[Bayamo]].

==History==
The ceety wis foondit in 1796 aroond the Pairish o San Jerónimo. In 1853, efter a Ryal Decree, it receivit the title o &quot;ceety&quot;. In 1976, follaein the suppression o the [[Oriente Province]] an its split up, Las Tunas became the caipital o the new an homonym province.

==Demografics==
In 2004, the municipality o Victoria de Las Tunas haed a population o 187,438.&lt;ref name=&quot;atenas&quot;&gt;{{es icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA%20No_3balance.htm |title=2004 Population trends, by Province and Municipality |author=Atenas.cu |year=2004 |accessdate=2007-10-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927111826/http://www.atenas.inf.cu/todo/Estadisticas/TABLA+No_3balance.htm |archivedate=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wi a total aurie o {{convert|891|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=&quot;statoids&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.statoids.com/ycu.html |title=Municipios of Cuba |author=Statoids |year=2003 |accessdate=2007-10-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; it haes a population densitie o {{convert|210.4|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}.

==Climate==
{{Weather box|location = Victoria de las Tunas, Cuba
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan high C = 28
|Feb high C = 29
|Mar high C = 30
|Apr high C = 31
|May high C = 31
|Jun high C = 32
|Jul high C = 33
|Aug high C = 33
|Sep high C = 32
|Oct high C = 31
|Nov high C = 29
|Dec high C = 28
|Jan low C = 19
|Feb low C = 19
|Mar low C = 20
|Apr low C = 21
|May low C = 22
|Jun low C = 23
|Jul low C = 24
|Aug low C = 24
|Sep low C = 23
|Oct low C = 23
|Nov low C = 21
|Dec low C = 20
|date=December 2011}}

==See an aw==
{{Portal|Cuba}}
*[[Municipalities o Cuba]]
*[[Leet o ceeties in Cuba]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{es icon}} [http://www.guije.com/pueblo/aoriente/victoria/index.htm Ceety wabpage]

{{Provinces o Cuba|+capitals|province=Las Tunas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Las Tunas}}
[[Category:Populatit places in Las Tunas Province]]</text>
      <sha1>6fpmgqg4p4n6ph36dm414vw29zj21lv</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Human Development Index</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>45818</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927814</id>
      <parentid>895886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927814</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1314" sha1="dgnopjr8w9wk1250p7io2nafy9scky5" xml:space="preserve">The '''Human Development Index''' ('''HDI''') is a composite statistic o life expectancy, eddication, an income [[Index (economics)|indices]] tae rank kintras intae fower tiers o [[Human development (humanity)|human development]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/ |title=The Human Development concept |publisher=UNDP |accessdate=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:2019 UN Human Development Report (inequality-adjusted).svg|thumb|Warld map shawin the inequality-adjustit Human Development Index categories (based on 2018 data, published in 2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;UNDP2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2019_overview_-_english.pdf |title= Human Development Report 2019 – &quot;Human Development Indices and Indicators&quot;|publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]]|pages=22–25 |accessdate=9 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background:none;&quot;
|-
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
{{Legend|#003135|0.800–1.000 (very heich)}}
{{Legend|#00726a|0.700–0.799 (heich)}}
{{Legend|#00bfac|0.550–0.699 (medium)}}
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
{{Legend|#ace8d4|0.350–0.549 (law)}}
{{Legend|#a0a0a0|Nae data}}
|}|430px]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Stub}}
[[Category:Internaitional rankins]]</text>
      <sha1>dgnopjr8w9wk1250p7io2nafy9scky5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cocula, Guerrero</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46977</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927933</id>
      <parentid>790341</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T18:46:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{unsoorced}}, addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4754" sha1="dy612hswp65wjkmcywb6neqquyjlnob" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--&gt;
&lt;!-- Basic info  ----------------&gt;
|name          =   Cocula
|settlement_type        =Municipal seat an ceety
|other_name             =
|native_name            =  &lt;!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --&gt;
|nickname               = 
|motto                  =
&lt;!-- images and maps  -----------&gt;
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          =
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|dot_x =  |dot_y =
|pushpin_map            = Mexico &lt;!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Mexico}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Guerrero]]
|subdivision_type2      = Municipality
|subdivision_name2      = [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero|Cocula]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
&lt;!-- Politics -----------------&gt;
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  &lt;!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --&gt;
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|leader_title4          =
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|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (town) --&gt;
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  &lt;!-- Incorporated (city) --&gt;
|established_date3      =
&lt;!-- Area    ---------------------&gt;
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                = 
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = 
|area_land_km2            = &lt;!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--&gt;
|area_water_km2           =
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|area_land_sq_mi          =
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|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
&lt;!-- Population   -----------------------&gt;
|population_as_of               =2005 
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               =
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
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|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
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|population_blank2_title        =Religions
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
&lt;!-- General information  ---------------&gt;
|timezone               =
|utc_offset             = 
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|18|14|N|99|40|W|region:MX-GRO|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  &lt;!--for references: use &lt;ref&gt; &lt;/ref&gt; tags--&gt;
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
&lt;!-- Area/postal codes &amp; others --------&gt;
|postal_code_type       =  &lt;!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --&gt;
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
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|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}{{Unsoorced}}
'''Cocula''' is a toun in the [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|Mexican state]] o [[Guerrero]].
It is the municipal seat o [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero]].

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Guerrero]]

&lt;!-- Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages                                                                                                                                               --&gt;
{{Stub/Mexico}}


{{Guerrero}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Guerrero]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927956</id>
      <parentid>927933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:58:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1255" sha1="f5jgy4o7f3fs4v2ku98ws3pf8iupj7c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name          =   Cocula
|settlement_type        =Municipal seat an ceety
|imagesize              = 300px
|pushpin_map            = Mexico
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Mexico}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Guerrero]]
|subdivision_type2      = Municipality
|subdivision_name2      = [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero|Cocula]]
|population_as_of               =2005 
|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
|population_blank2_title        =Religions 
|coordinates            = {{coord|18|14|N|99|40|W|region:MX-GRO|display=inline}}
}}{{Unsoorced}}
'''Cocula''' is a toun in the [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|Mexican state]] o [[Guerrero]].
It is the municipal seat o [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero]].

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Guerrero]]

&lt;!-- Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages                                                                                                                                               --&gt;
{{Stub/Mexico}}


{{Guerrero}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Guerrero]]</text>
      <sha1>f5jgy4o7f3fs4v2ku98ws3pf8iupj7c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927957</id>
      <parentid>927956</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:58:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>927957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1256" sha1="aij507wln09kdw35gbqwjguxn6drng2" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name          =   Cocula
|settlement_type        =Municipal seat an ceety
|imagesize              = 300px
|pushpin_map            = Mexico
|pushpin_label_position =above
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Mexico
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|Mexico}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Guerrero]]
|subdivision_type2      = Municipality
|subdivision_name2      = [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero|Cocula]]
|population_as_of               =2005 
|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
|population_blank2_title        =Religions 
|coordinates            = {{coord|18|14|N|99|40|W|region:MX-GRO|display=inline}}
}}
'''Cocula''' is a toun in the [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|Mexican state]] o [[Guerrero]].
It is the municipal seat o [[Cocula Municipality, Guerrero]].

==See an aw==
*[[Municipalities o Guerrero]]

&lt;!-- Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages                                                                                                                                               --&gt;
{{Stub/Mexico}}


{{Guerrero}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Guerrero]]</text>
      <sha1>aij507wln09kdw35gbqwjguxn6drng2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Missy Franklin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927946</id>
      <parentid>926234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:23:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>noticed graimar error, mendit that ane an addit {{fixscots}}</comment>
      <origin>927946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12155" sha1="a5471qqxh8toifgccq6c7hnk2g561ja" xml:space="preserve">{{about|the American swimmer|the Harvard professor|Melissa Franklin}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born Mey 10, 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist.  She currently haulds the [[Leet o warld records in swimmin|warld record]] in the 200-meter backstroke ([[short course]] an [[long course]]) an the [[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|American record]] in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke (long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=''Swimming World Magazine''|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=''[[Swimming World Magazine]]''|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o which war gowd. She swept the women's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke. Franklin's success hae earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as well as the [[Leet o FINA Athletes o the Year#Swimming|FINA Swimmer o the Year]] Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the [[Soummin at the Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]], the [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|FINA Warld Championships]] an the short course [[FINA Warld Swimming Championships (25 m)|FINA Warld Championships]].

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>a5471qqxh8toifgccq6c7hnk2g561ja</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927947</id>
      <parentid>927946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:26:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>formattin</comment>
      <origin>927947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12150" sha1="nlhogkr4ha9osh1vbrhi6oe1w3cvb0n" xml:space="preserve">{{about|the American swimmer|the Harvard professor|Melissa Franklin}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born Mey 10, 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the [[Leet o warld records in swimmin|warld record]] in the 200-meter backstroke ([[short course]] an [[long course]]) an the [[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|American record]] in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke (long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o which war gowd. She swept the women's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke. Franklin's success hae earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as well as the [[Leet o FINA Athletes o the Year#Swimming|FINA Swimmer o the Year]] Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the [[Soummin at the Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]], the [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|FINA Warld Championships]] an the short course [[FINA Warld Swimming Championships (25 m)|FINA Warld Championships]].

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>nlhogkr4ha9osh1vbrhi6oe1w3cvb0n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927948</id>
      <parentid>927947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:45:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>dmy</comment>
      <origin>927948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12149" sha1="lp31dlgkavf7oy4760460xwq3ya9b02" xml:space="preserve">{{about|the American swimmer|the Harvard professor|Melissa Franklin}}
{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the [[Leet o warld records in swimmin|warld record]] in the 200-meter backstroke ([[short course]] an [[long course]]) an the [[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|American record]] in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke (long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o which war gowd. She swept the women's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-meter an 200-meter backstroke. Franklin's success hae earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as well as the [[Leet o FINA Athletes o the Year#Swimming|FINA Swimmer o the Year]] Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the [[Soummin at the Simmer Olympics|2012 Simmer Olympics]], the [[FINA Warld Aquatics Championships|FINA Warld Championships]] an the short course [[FINA Warld Swimming Championships (25 m)|FINA Warld Championships]].

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>lp31dlgkavf7oy4760460xwq3ya9b02</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927949</id>
      <parentid>927948</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927949</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11836" sha1="b98jw1w0byu0x4y5ik49uoon8swj29i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o that war gowd. She swept the women's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Swimmer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>b98jw1w0byu0x4y5ik49uoon8swj29i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927950</id>
      <parentid>927949</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:50:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11836" sha1="pibx825sksv7638k86nyki364p44ugv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox soummer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o that war gowd. She swept the women's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Swimmer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>pibx825sksv7638k86nyki364p44ugv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927951</id>
      <parentid>927950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:52:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendit Scots</comment>
      <origin>927951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11835" sha1="kk9klrs4ixshkkzr9nqmt6kzhfyu1it" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox soummer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|soummer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. The nou, she haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-metre medley relay an aa (short course an lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin wan a tot o five medals, fower o that wis gowd. She swept the wummen's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earnt her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Soummin Warld]]'''s Warld Soummer o the Year an the American Soummer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Soummer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes wan twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>kk9klrs4ixshkkzr9nqmt6kzhfyu1it</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927952</id>
      <parentid>927951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:53:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>927952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="11836" sha1="ogkdlc04e5iypdi64qjeujal2hshbu9" xml:space="preserve">{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox soummer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|soummer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. The nou, she haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-metre medley relay an aa (short course an lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin wan a tot o five medals, fower o that wis gowd. She swept the wummen's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earnt her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Soummin Warld]]'''s Warld Soummer o the Year an the American Soummer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Soummer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes wan twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o Americas records in swimmin|AM]]''', '''[[Leet o Unitit States records in swimmin|NR]]'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|August 3, 2012 
|'''[[Leet o warld records in swimmin|WR]]'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships]]
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#100 m freestyle|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup]]
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool#200 m freestyle|2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 200 metres backstroke|Backstroke]] (sc)
|2:00.03
|[[2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup#200 m backstroke|2011 Warld Cup]]
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|[[Warld record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay|Medley relay]] (sc)
|3:45.56
|[[2011 Duel in the Pool]]
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|2012 Simmer Olympics]]
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>ogkdlc04e5iypdi64qjeujal2hshbu9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927953</id>
      <parentid>927952</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:53:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927953</origin>
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      <text bytes="10817" sha1="na9m1gq7jkg3kqlqo9k932sm2eclheo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}&lt;!-- Do nae add Canadae here.  This parameter is the kintra she competes unner. --&gt;
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Weemen's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Championships - Long Course|Warld Championships (LC)]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships|2011 Shanghai]]| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay|4×200 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay|4×100 m freestyle]]}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| [[Soummin at the 2011 Warld Aquatics Championships – Weemen's 50 metre backstroke|50 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m)|Warld Championships (SC)]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2010 FINA Short Course Warld Championships|2010 Dubai]]|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 200 metre backstroke|200 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|[[2010 FINA Warld Swimmin Championships (25 m) – Weemen's 4 x 100 metre medley relay|4×100 m medley]]}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-meter medley relay an aa (short course an long course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o that war gowd. She swept the weemen's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Swimmer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Long course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''AM''', '''NR'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|August 3, 2012 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|2011 Duel in the Pool
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke (sc)
|2:00.03
|2011 Warld Cup
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|Medley relay (sc)
|3:45.56
|2011 Duel in the Pool
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>na9m1gq7jkg3kqlqo9k932sm2eclheo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927959</id>
      <parentid>927953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T22:00:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9591" sha1="i2bv1oyns8s87xj3i7371eof0ii9fb4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox swimmer
| name           = Missy Franklin 
| image          = Missy Franklin 3.jpg
| image_size     = 225
| alt            = Missy Franklin 
| caption        = Franklin in 2012
| fullname       = Melissa Jeanette Franklin
| nicknames      = Missile Missy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=oly&amp;id=8217392 | title='Missile Missy' is tearing up Olympic pool | publisher=[[ESPN]] | work=sports.espn.go.com | date=31 July 2012 | accessdate=3 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Missy the Missile
| nationality    = {{USA}}
| strokes        = [[Backstroke]], [[Freestyle swimmin|freestyle]]
| club           = Colorado Stars (STAR-CO)
| collegeteam    = [[Californie Gowden Bears|University o Californie, Berkeley]]
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1995|5|10|mf=y}}
| birth_place    = [[Pasadena, Californie]]
| residence      = [[Centennial, Colorado]]
| death_date     =
| death_place    =
| height         = 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
| weight         = {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Weemen's [[Soummin (sport)|soummin]]}}
{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}
{{MedalOlympics}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Simmer Olympics|2012 London]]|[[Soummin at the 2012 Simmer Olympics – Weemen's 100 metre backstroke|100 m backstroke]]}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|200 m backstroke}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold|2012 London|4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalBronze|2012 London|4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalCompetition|Warld Championships (LC)}}
{{MedalGold|2011 Shanghai| 200 m backstroke}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | 4×200 m freestyle}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Shanghai | 4×100 m medley}}
{{MedalSilver| 2011 Shanghai | 4×100 m freestyle}}
{{MedalBronze|2011 Shanghai| 50 m backstroke}}
{{MedalCompetition|Warld Championships (SC)}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|200 m backstroke}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Dubai|4×100 m medley}}
}}{{Fix Scots|date=November 2026}}

'''Melissa Jeanette Franklin''' (born 10 Mey 1995) is an American [[soummin (sport)|swimmer]] an fower-time [[Olympic Gemmes|Olympic]] gowd medallist. She currently haulds the warld record in the 200-metre backstroke ([[short course]] an [[lang course]]) an the American record in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke (lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first= |last=|title=FINA World Cup, Berlin: Missy Franklin Downs World Record During Day One Finals|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/28410.asp?q=-FINA-World-Cup,-Berlin:-Missy-Franklin-Downs-World-Record-During-Day-One-Finals|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=2011-10-22 |accessdate=2011-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/results/records/AmericanRecords_LCM.pdf|title=Women's long course meters American records as of July 30, 2011|publisher =''Swimming World Magazine''|accessdate=2011-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;  As a memmer o the U.S. Naitional Team, she haulds the warld record in the 4×100-metre medley relay an aa (short course an lang course).&lt;ref name=&quot;Franklin WR 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Duel in the Pool: World Record Opens Night One|url=http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/29070.asp?q=-Duel-in-the-Pool:-World-Record-Opens-Night-One|publisher=[[Swimming World Magazine]]|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her Olympic debut at the [[2012 Simmer Olympics]] at age 17, Franklin won a tot o five medals, fower o that war gowd. She swept the weemen's backstroke events, winnin gowd in baith the 100-metre an 200-metre backstroke. Franklin's success haes earned her ''[[Soummin World Magazine|Swimmin Warld]]'''s Warld Swimmer o the Year an the American Swimmer o the Year awaird in 2012 as weel as the FINA Swimmer o the Year Awaird in 2011 an 2012. In tot, she haes won twal medals in internaitional competeetion: seiven gowd, three siller, an twa bronze spannin the 2012 Simmer Olympics, the FINA Warld Championships an the short course FINA Warld Championships.

==Personal bests==
{|
|-
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Lang course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  50&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''28.01'''
|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships
|Julie 28, 2011  
|
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''58.33'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Julie 30, 2012 
|'''AM''', '''NR'''
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:04.06'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|August 3, 2012 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''53.52'''
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Julie 28, 2012 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:55.06'''
|2011 Warld Aquatics Championships
|Julie 28, 2011
|
|}
||
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |  Short course
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
| '''Event'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Time'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Meet'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Date'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''Note(s)'''
|- bgcolor=&quot;#eeeeee&quot;
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''56.73'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m backstroke || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''2:00.03'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 22, 2011 
|'''WR'''
|-
|  100&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''52.09'''
|2011 FINA Swimmin Warld Cup
|October 23, 2011 
|
|-
|  200&amp;nbsp;m freestyle || align=&quot;center&quot; | '''1:53.19'''
|2011 Duel in the Pool
|December 17, 2011 
|
|}
|}

==Warld records==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|- &quot;
!No.
!Distance
!Event
!Time
!Meet
!Location
!Date
!Age
!Note(s)
!Ref
|-
|1
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke (sc)
|2:00.03
|2011 Warld Cup
|Berlin, Germany
|October 22, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|a|a|a}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Berlin/C73A1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Individual)_116_Heat1_Women_200_Back.pdf|title=2011 FINA Swimming World Cup – 200 m backstroke (final)|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2
|4×100&amp;nbsp;m
|Medley relay (sc)
|3:45.56
|2011 Duel in the Pool
|Atlanta, Georgie, US
|December 16, 2011
|16
|{{ref label|b|b|b}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://omegatiming.com/swimming/racearchives/2011/Duel/C73B1_Results%20(One%20Heat%20-%20Relay)_101_Heat1_Women_4x100_Medley.pdf|title=2011 Duel in the Pool – 4×100 m medley relay|publisher=Omega Timing|accessdate=2012-05-06}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|3
|200&amp;nbsp;m
|Backstroke 
|2:04.06
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 3, 2012
|17
|
|&lt;ref name=&quot;backstroke 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Swimming: Franklin wins 200m backstroke gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|newspaper =Chicago Tribune|publisher =Reuters|date =2012-08-03|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69iafneZE?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-oly-swim-sww2babre8721cf-20120803,0,4957597.story|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|4
||4×100&amp;nbsp;m 
|Medley relay
|3:52.05
|2012 Simmer Olympics
|Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick
|August 04, 2012
|17
|{{ref label|c|c|c}} 
|&lt;ref name=&quot;medley 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Franklin helps U.S. women take medley gold|last =|first =|url =http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|newspaper =Newsday|publisher =Associated Press|date =2012-08-04|archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/69imh7doF?url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/franklin-helps-u-s-women-take-medley-gold-1.3883146|archivedate =2012-08-06|accessdate =2012-08-06|url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

:{{note label|a|a|a}} Record set in a short course pool.
:{{note label|b|b|b}} Short course record wi [[Natalie Coughlin]], [[Rebecca Soni]], an [[Dana Vollmer]].  Franklin swam the freestyle leg (anchor leg) in a time o 51.32.
:{{note label|c|c|c}} Record set wi Rebecca Soni, Dana Vollmer, an [[Allison Schmitt]].  Franklin swam the backstroke leg (lead-aff  leg) in a time o 58.50.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Freemit airtins==
 
* [http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312  Missy Franklin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531170554/http://www.usaswimming.org/DesktopModules/BioViewManaged.aspx?personid=7418ae3a-418c-4e08-96e7-8b8833106195&amp;TabId=1453&amp;Mid=10312 |date=2012-05-31 }} &amp;ndash; Naitional Team swimmer profile at USASwimming.org
* {{Twitter|FranklinMissy|Missy Franklin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Missy}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Californie]]
[[Category:American Christians]]
[[Category:American soummers]]
[[Category:American female backstroke soummers]]
[[Category:American female freestyle soummers]]
[[Category:American fowk o Canadian strynd]]
[[Category:Medallists at the FINA Warld Soummin Championships (25 m)]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic gowd medallists for the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Olympic medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Olympic soummers o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Aurora, Colorado]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Pasadena, Californie]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2012 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Soummers at the 2016 Simmer Olympics]]
[[Category:Warld Aquatics Championships medallists in soummin]]
[[Category:Warld record hauders in soummin]]</text>
      <sha1>i2bv1oyns8s87xj3i7371eof0ii9fb4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pape Francis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>49542</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927774</id>
      <parentid>904195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:31:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927774</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4147" sha1="0tqn95p2lgfn921wmosc2866epzxmag" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Christian leader
|type             = Pape
|honorific-prefix = [[Pape]]
|name             = Francis
|title                = [[Diocese o Roum|Bishop o Roum]]
|image            = Pope Francis Korea Haemi Castle 19 (cropped).jpg
|term_start       = 13 Mairch 2013
|predecessor      = [[Pape Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
|ordination       = 13 December 1969
|ordained_by      = [[Ramón José Castellano]]
|consecration     = 27 Juin 1992
|consecrated_by   = [[Antonio Quarracino]]
|cardinal         = 21 Februar 2001
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pape John Paul II|John Paul II]]
|birth_name       = Jorge Mario Bergoglio
|birth_date       = {{birth date|df=no|1936|12|17}}
|birth_place      = [[Flores, Buenos Aires|Flores]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinae]]
|death_date       = 21 Aprile 2025
|death_place      = [[Vatican Ceety]]
|parents          = Mario José Bergoglio and Regina María Bergoglio (née Sívori)
|residence        = [[Domus Sanctae Marthae]]
|nationality      = Argentine (wi Vatican ceetizenship)
|previous_post    = [[Provincial superior]] o the [[Society o Jesus]] in Argentinae {{small|(1973–79)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Buenos Aires|Auxiliary Bishop o Buenos Aires]] {{small|(1992–97)}}&lt;br /&gt;Teetular Bishop o [[Auca (teetular diocese)|Auca]] {{small|(1992–97)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Roman Catholic Airchdiocese o Buenos Aires|Airchbeeshop o Buenos Aires]] {{small|(1998–2013)}}&lt;br /&gt;Cardinal-Priest o [[San Roberto Bellarmino (kirk)|San Roberto Bellarmino]] {{small|(2001–13)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Ordinariate for the faithfu o eastren rite|Ordinary o the Ordinariate for the Faithfu o the Eastren Rites in Argentinae]] {{small|(1998–2013)}}&lt;br /&gt;Preses o the [[Argentine Episcopal Conference]] {{small|(2005–11)}}
|death_date={{death date and age|2025|4|21|1936|12|17|df=yes}}}}
[[File:Coat of arms of Franciscus.svg|thumb|left]]
'''Pape Francis''' ({{lang-la|Franciscus}}; {{lang-it|Francesco}}; born '''Jorge Mario Bergoglio''',{{efn|Pronunciation: {{IPA-es|ˈxorxe ˈmaɾjo βerˈɣoɣljo|}} (Spaingie), {{IPA-it|berˈɡɔʎʎo|}} (Italian)}} 17 December 1936 - 21 Aprile 2025)&lt;ref name=&quot;APDeath&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Winfield |first=Nicole |date=21 April 2025 |title=Pope Francis, first Latin American pontiff who ministered with a charming, humble style, dies at 88 |url=https://apnews.com/article/vatican-pope-francis-dead-01ca7d73c3c48d25fd1504ba076e2e2a |location=Vatican City |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=21 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis the 266th Pape. He becam Pape in Mairch 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;jesuit.org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Jesuit Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis |url=https://www.jesuit.org/2013/03/13/jesuit-argentine-cardinal-jesuit-bergoglio-elected-pope-takes-name-francis-i |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316025854/https://www.jesuit.org/2013/03/13/jesuit-argentine-cardinal-jesuit-bergoglio-elected-pope-takes-name-francis-i |archive-date=16 March 2013 |publisher=jesuit.org |access-date=16 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; efter the retirement o [[Pape Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] in Februar.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Francis}}
[[Category:Pape Francis| ]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:20t-century Roman Catholic airchbeeshops]]
[[Category:21st-century papes]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholic airchbeeshops]]
[[Category:Anti–daith penalty activists]]
[[Category:Anti-poverty advocates]]
[[Category:Airchbeeshops o Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Argentinae–Haly See relations]]
[[Category:Argentine cardinals]]
[[Category:Argentine emigrants tae Italy]]
[[Category:Argentine Jesuits]]
[[Category:Argentine fowk o Italian strynd]]
[[Category:Argentine fowk o Ligurie strynd]]
[[Category:Argentine papes]]
[[Category:Cardinals creautit bi Pape John Paul II]]
[[Category:Christian humanists]]
[[Category:Jesuit cardinals]]
[[Category:Jesuit papes]]
[[Category:Jesuit theologians]]
[[Category:Jesuit provincial superiors]]
[[Category:2025 daiths]]
[[Category:Papal names]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Fowk o Piedmontese strynd]]
[[Category:Papes]]
{{Stub}}
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  <page>
    <title>Ocelot</title>
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      <text bytes="4849" sha1="ljq7gfvc8k0846axqlaugpssmexmy2e" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite iucn |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |publisher=[[IUCN]] |author=Paviolo, A. |author2=Crawshaw, P. |author3=Caso, A. |author4=de Oliveira, T. |author5=Lopez-Gonzalez, C.A. |author6=Kelly, M. |author7=De Angelo, C. |author8=Payan, E. |last-author-amp=yes |year=2016 |volume=2015 |title=''Leopardus pardalis''|page=e.T11509A97212355 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T11509A50653476.en |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11509/97212355}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg
| genus = Leopardus
| species = pardalis&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 |page=539 |id=14000103 |heading=Species ''Leopardus pardalis''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = Subspeshies
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;mammal&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=J. L. |last2=Gardner|first2=G. L. |title=''Leopardus pardalis'' |journal=[[Mammalian Species]] |year=1997 |issue=548 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.2307/3504082 |jstor=3504082}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms = ''Felis buffoni'' &lt;small&gt;Brass,&amp;nbsp;1911&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Felis chati'' &lt;small&gt;[[John Edward Gray|Gray]],&amp;nbsp;1827&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Felis hamiltonii'' &lt;small&gt;J. B. Fischer,&amp;nbsp;1829&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Felis mexicana'' &lt;small&gt;[[Robert Kerr (writer)|Kerr]],&amp;nbsp;1792&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Felis pardalis'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Leopardus griseus'' &lt;small&gt;Gray,&amp;nbsp;1842&lt;/small&gt;
| range_map = Ocelot_distribution.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution o the Ocelot, 2016&lt;ref name=iucn /&gt;
}}
The '''ocelot''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|s|əl|ɒ|t}}; ''Leopardus pardalis''), kent as the '''dwarf leopard''' an aa, is a wild [[Felidae|cat]] distributit extensively ower [[Sooth Americae]] includin the islands o [[Trinidad]] an [[Isla Margarita|Margarita]], [[Central Americae]], an [[Mexico]]. It haes been reportit as far north as [[Texas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;bucknell1&quot;&gt;[http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000107 Mammal Species of the World – Browse: melanurus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321174547/http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000107 |date=2012-03-21 }}. Bucknell.edu. Retrieved on 2012-04-10.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;theanimalfiles1&quot;&gt;[http://www.theanimalfiles.com/mammals/carnivores/ocelot.html Ocelot]. The Animal Files. Retrieved on 2012-04-10.&lt;/ref&gt; North o Mexico, it is foond regularly anly in the extreme soothren pairt o Texas,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/texas/animals/art25117.html |title=The Nature Conservancy in Texas – Mammals – Ocelot |publisher=nature.org |access-date=2013-07-12 |archive-date=2009-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220164209/http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/texas/animals/art25117.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; altho thare are rare sichtins in soothren Arizona.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/mna/image_info.cfm?species_id=130 |title=North American Mammals – Carnivora – Felidae – ''Leopardus pardalis'' |publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History |accessdate=2010-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The ocelot is similar in appearance tae a domestic [[cat]]. Its [[fur]] resembles that o a [[cloodit leopard]] or [[jaguar]] an wis ance regardit as particularly valuable. As a result, hundreds o thoosands o ocelots wur ance killed for thair fur. The feline wis classified as a &quot;vulnerable&quot; [[endangered species]] frae 1972 till 1996, an is nou ratit &quot;least concern&quot; bi the 2008 [[IUCN Reid Leet]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://lynx.uio.no/lynx/catsgportal/cat-website/catfolk/ocelot01.htm CSG Species Accoonts: Ocelot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013061249/http://lynx.uio.no/lynx/catsgportal/cat-website/catfolk/ocelot01.htm |date=2007-10-13 }}
* [http://www.exoticcatz.com/spocelotstinner.html Ocelot Behavior &amp; Care, bi Mindy Stinner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326061720/http://www.exoticcatz.com/spocelotstinner.html |date=2010-03-26 }}
*[http://www.ecology.info/ecology-ocelot-margay.htm Ecology o the Ocelot an Margay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826231426/http://ecology.info/ecology-ocelot-margay.htm |date=2013-08-26 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q33261}}

[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Leopardus]]
[[Category:Mammals o Central Americae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guatemala]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guyana]]
[[Category:Mammals o Mexico]]
[[Category:Mammals o North Americae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Megafauna o North Americae]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Nahuatl wirds an phrases]]
[[Category:Pet mammals]]</text>
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    <title>Hyrax</title>
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{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Hyraxes
| image = Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax.jpg
| image_caption = Yellae-spottit hyrax (''[[Heterohyrax brucei]]'')
| taxon = Hyracoidea
| authority = [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], 1869
| display parents = 3
| subdivision_ranks = [[Faimily (biology)|Faimilies]]
| subdivision =
* {{extinct}}[[Pliohyracidae]]
* '''Procaviidae'''
}}
A '''hyrax''' (frae Greek {{lang|grc|ὕραξ}} &quot;shrewmouse&quot;) is ony [[species]] o fairly smaa, thickset, herbivorous [[mammal]]s in the [[Order (biology)|order]] '''Hyracoidea'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hyracoidea |encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |volume=15&amp;nbsp;Mammals |publisher=Gale Publishing |edition=online}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[rock hyrax]] ''Procavia capensis'', the [[Yellae-spottit Rock Hyrax|yellae-spottit rock hyrax]] ''Heterohyrax brucei'', the [[Wastren Tree Hyrax|wastren tree hyrax]] ''Dendrohyrax dorsalis'', an the [[Soothren Tree Hyrax|soothren tree hyrax]], ''Dendrohyrax arboreus'' live in [[Africae]] an the [[Middle East]].

Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund creatures wi short tails.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |editor-last1 = Wilson |editor-first1 = Don E. |editor-last2 = Mittermeier |editor-first2 = Russell A. |title = Handbook of the Mammals of the World |date = 2011 |volume = 2 |location = Barcelona, ES  |publisher = Lynx Edicions |page = 29 |isbn = 978-84-96553-77-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maist measure atween 30 an 70&amp;nbsp;cm lang an weigh atween 2 an 5&amp;nbsp;kg. Thay are eften mistaken for [[rodent]]s, but in actuality are mair closely relatit tae [[elephants]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hyraxes| ]]
[[Category:Mammals o Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Soothwast Asie]]
{{Stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1693" sha1="a2vq7rws6u49kyel9ffljjicgdluvg0" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Hyraxes
| image = Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax.jpg
| image_caption = Yellae-spottit hyrax (''[[Heterohyrax brucei]]'')
| taxon = Hyracoidea
| authority = [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], 1869
| display parents = 3
| subdivision_ranks = [[Faimily (biology)|Faimilies]]
| subdivision =
* {{extinct}}[[Pliohyracidae]]
* '''Procaviidae'''
}}
A '''hyrax''' (frae Greek {{lang|grc|ὕραξ}} &quot;shrewmouse&quot;) is ony [[species]] o fairly smaa, thickset, herbivorous [[mammal]]s in the [[Order (biology)|order]] '''Hyracoidea'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hyracoidea |encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |volume=15&amp;nbsp;Mammals |publisher=Gale Publishing |edition=online}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[rock hyrax]] ''Procavia capensis'', the [[Yellae-spottit Rock Hyrax|yellae-spottit rock hyrax]] ''Heterohyrax brucei'', the [[Wastren Tree Hyrax|wastren tree hyrax]] ''Dendrohyrax dorsalis'', an the [[Soothren Tree Hyrax|soothren tree hyrax]], ''Dendrohyrax arboreus'' live in [[Africae]] an the [[Middle East]].

Hyraxes are well-furred, rotund creatures wi short tails.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book |editor-last1 = Wilson |editor-first1 = Don E. |editor-last2 = Mittermeier |editor-first2 = Russell A. |title = Handbook of the Mammals of the World |date = 2011 |volume = 2 |location = Barcelona, ES  |publisher = Lynx Edicions |page = 29 |isbn = 978-84-96553-77-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maist measure atween 30 an 70&amp;nbsp;cm lang an weigh atween 2 an 5&amp;nbsp;kg. Thay are eften mistaken for [[rodent]]s, but in actuality are mair closely relatit tae [[elephants]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hyraxes| ]]
[[Category:Mammals o Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Soothwast Asie]]
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    <title>Puma (genus)</title>
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      <text bytes="2368" sha1="ppk36k9094iegbk1iybucbp9rcued21" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = ''Puma''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Carnivora | id = 14000203 | pages = 544–545 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = CMM_MountainLion.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Felidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Felinae]]
| genus = '''''Puma'''''
| genus_authority = [[William Jardine (naituralist)|Jardine]], 1834
| range_map = Puma (genus) range.png
| range_map_caption = ''Puma'' ranges
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'' &lt;br/&gt;
{{extinct}}''[[Puma pardoides]]''&lt;br&gt;
''[[Jaguarundi|Puma yagouaroundi]]''
| synonyms = 
''Herpailurus'' &lt;small&gt;Severtzow, 1858&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Viretailurus'' &lt;small&gt;Hemmer, 1965&lt;/small&gt;
| type_species = ''[[Cougar|Felis concolor]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771
}}

'''''Puma''''' is a genus in [[Felidae]] that contains the [[cougar]] (forby kent as the puma, amang ither names) an the [[jaguarundi]], an mey include several puirly kent [[Auld Warld]] fossil representatives (for ensaumple, ''[[Panthera pardoides|Puma pardoides]]'', or &quot;Owen's panther,&quot; a lairge cougar-lik cat o Eurasie's [[Pleistocene]]) an aa.&lt;ref&gt;Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an &quot;[[Panthera]]&quot; schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen'' 122, 324–336.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. &amp; Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma ''Puma pardoides'' (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian ([[Upper Pliocene]]) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, [[Transcaucasia]]) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. ''Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen'' 233, 197–233.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Species==
*''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Cougar
*{{extinct}}''[[Puma pardoides]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Richard Owen|Owen]], 1846)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Owen's Panther
*''[[Jaguarundi|Puma yagouaroundi]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy]], 1803)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Jaguarundi

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* {{commonscat-inline|Puma|''Puma''}}
* {{wikispecies-inline|Puma}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puma (Genus)}}
[[Category:Puma (genus)| ]]
[[Category:Quechua wirds an phrases]]
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      <text bytes="2368" sha1="rv8ol1sodx6hjj2rsdltbgw2z01loiu" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = ''Puma''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Carnivora | id = 14000203 | pages = 544–545 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = CMM_MountainLion.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Felidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Felinae]]
| genus = '''''Puma'''''
| genus_authority = [[William Jardine (naituralist)|Jardine]], 1834
| range_map = Puma (genus) range.png
| range_map_caption = ''Puma'' ranges
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'' &lt;br/&gt;
{{extinct}}''[[Puma pardoides]]''&lt;br&gt;
''[[Jaguarundi|Puma yagouaroundi]]''
| synonyms = 
''Herpailurus'' &lt;small&gt;Severtzow, 1858&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
''Viretailurus'' &lt;small&gt;Hemmer, 1965&lt;/small&gt;
| type_species = ''[[Cougar|Felis concolor]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771
}}

'''''Puma''''' is a genus in [[Felidae]] that contains the [[cougar]] (forby kent as the puma, amang ither names) an the [[jaguarundi]], an may include several puirly kent [[Auld Warld]] fossil representatives (for ensaumple, ''[[Panthera pardoides|Puma pardoides]]'', or &quot;Owen's panther,&quot; a lairge cougar-lik cat o Eurasie's [[Pleistocene]]) an aa.&lt;ref&gt;Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an &quot;[[Panthera]]&quot; schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). ''Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen'' 122, 324–336.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. &amp; Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma ''Puma pardoides'' (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian ([[Upper Pliocene]]) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, [[Transcaucasia]]) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. ''Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen'' 233, 197–233.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Species==
*''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Cougar
*{{extinct}}''[[Puma pardoides]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Richard Owen|Owen]], 1846)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Owen's Panther
*''[[Jaguarundi|Puma yagouaroundi]]'' &lt;small&gt;([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy]], 1803)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Jaguarundi

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* {{commonscat-inline|Puma|''Puma''}}
* {{wikispecies-inline|Puma}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puma (Genus)}}
[[Category:Puma (genus)| ]]
[[Category:Quechua wirds an phrases]]
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  <page>
    <title>Felinae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7652" sha1="lurnwyggo4yrgwvnognpry2b5etvb9p" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Felinae&lt;ref name=MSW3&gt;{{MSW3 Wozencraft|pages = 532–545}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|fossil_range = [[Miocene]]–[[Holocene]], {{Fossilrange|9|0}}
| image = jaguarundi-s.jpg
| image_caption = [[Jaguarundi]] (''Puma yagouaroundi'')
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = 
''[[Acinonyx]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Caracal]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Catopuma]]'' &lt;br /&gt;
''[[Felis]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Leopardus]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Nimravides]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Serval|Leptailurus]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Lynx]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Pallas's Cat|Otocolobus]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Marbled Cat|Pardofelis]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Prionailurus]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[African Gowden Cat|Profelis]]''&lt;br /&gt;
''[[Puma (genus)|Puma]]''
}}

'''Felinae''' is a [[subfaimily]] o the [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Felidae]], which includes the genera an species leetit belaw. Maist memmers o the ''Felinae'' are smaa tae middlin cats, altho the group daes include some mair muckle ainimals, sic as the [[cougar]] an [[cheetah]].&lt;ref name=Catsg2017&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Breitenmoser-Würsten |first2=C. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Gentry |first4=A. |last5=Werdelin |first5=L. |last6=Wilting |first6=A. |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=N. |last8=Abramov |first8=A. V. |last9=Christiansen |first9=P. |last10=Driscoll |first10=C. |last11=Duckworth |first11=J. W. |last12=Johnson |first12=W. |last13=Luo |first13=S.-J. |last14=Meijaard |first14=E. |last15=O'Donoghue |first15=P. |last16=Sanderson |first16=J. |last17=Seymour |first17=K. |last18=Bruford |first18=M. |last19=Groves |first19=C. |last20=Hoffmann |first20=M. |last21=Nowell |first21=K. |last22=Timmons |first22=Z. |last23=Tobe |first23=S. |date=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=11−63 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Genera==

{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''Genus ''[[Acinonyx]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Joshua Brookes|Brookes]], 1828&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Acinonyx aicha]]'' &lt;small&gt;Geraads, 1997&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]]
** ''[[Acinonyx intermedius]]'' &lt;small&gt;Thenius, 1954&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]]
** ''[[Cheetah|Acinonyx jubatus]]'' &lt;small&gt;Schreber, 1775&lt;/small&gt; – cheetah
** ''[[Acinonyx kurteni]]'' &lt;small&gt;Christiansen an Mazák, 2008&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]]
** ''[[Giant cheetah|Acinonyx pardinensis]]'' &lt;small&gt;Croizet an Joubert, 1928&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]] – giant cheetah
* '''Genus ''[[Caracal]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1843&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Caracal|Caracal caracal]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1776&lt;/small&gt; – caracal
* '''Genus ''[[Catopuma]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Bay cat|Catopuma badia]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1874&lt;/small&gt; – bay cat
** ''[[Asian gowden cat|Catopuma temminckii]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]] &amp; [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1827&lt;/small&gt; – Asian gowden cat
* '''Genus ''[[Felis]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Felis attica]]'' &lt;small&gt; [[Johann Andreas Wagner|Wagner]], 1857&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]]
** ''[[Cheenese muntain cat|Felis bieti]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Alphonse Milne-Edwards|Milne-Edwards]], 1892&lt;/small&gt; – Cheenese muntain cat
** ''[[Cat|Felis catus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758&lt;/small&gt; – domestic cat
** ''[[Jungle cat|Felis chaus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1777&lt;/small&gt; – jungle cat
** ''[[Felis lunensis]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Ugolino Martelli|Martelli]], 1906&lt;/small&gt; [[Extinction|†]] – Martelli's cat
** ''[[Saund cat|Felis margarita]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Victor Loche|Loche]], 1858&lt;/small&gt; – saund cat
** ''[[Black-fitit cat|Felis nigripes]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[William John Burchell|Burchell]], 1824&lt;/small&gt; – black-fitit cat
** ''[[Wildcat|Felis silvestris]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1775&lt;/small&gt; – wildcat
* '''Genus ''[[Leopardus]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1842&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Pantanal cat|Leopardus braccatus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1889&lt;/small&gt; – pantanal cat
** ''[[Colocolo|Leopardus colocolo]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Juan Ignacio Molina|Molina]], 1782&lt;/small&gt; – colocolo
** ''[[Geoffroy's cat|Leopardus geoffroyi]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Alcide d'Orbigny|d'Orbigny]] &amp; [[Paul Gervais|Gervais]], 1844&lt;/small&gt; – Geoffroy's cat
** ''[[Kodkod|Leopardus guigna]]'' &lt;small&gt;Molina, 1782&lt;/small&gt; – kodkod
** ''[[Andean muntain cat|Leopardus jacobitus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Emilio Cornalia|Cornalia]], 1865&lt;/small&gt; – Andean muntain cat
** ''[[Pampas cat|Leopardus pajeros]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1816&lt;/small&gt; – pampas cat
** ''[[Ocelot|Leopardus pardalis]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758&lt;/small&gt; – ocelot
** ''[[Oncilla|Leopardus tigrinus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1775&lt;/small&gt; – oncilla
** ''[[Margay|Leopardus wiedii]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Heinrich Rudolf Schinz|Schinz]], 1821&lt;/small&gt; – margay
|
* '''Genus ''[[Leptailurus]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Serval|Leptailurus serval]]'' &lt;small&gt;Schreber, 1776&lt;/small&gt; – serval
* '''Genus ''[[Lynx]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Robert Kerr (writer)|Kerr]], 1792&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Canadae lynx|Lynx canadensis]]'' &lt;small&gt;Kerr, 1792&lt;/small&gt; – Canadian lynx
** ''[[Euraisien lynx|Lynx lynx]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758&lt;/small&gt; – Eurasie lynx
** ''[[Ibeirien Lynx|Lynx pardinus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1827&lt;/small&gt; – Ibeirien lynx
** ''[[Bobcat|Lynx rufus]]'' &lt;small&gt;Schreber, 1777&lt;/small&gt; – bobcat
* '''Genus †''[[Miracinonyx]]'''''
**†''[[Miracinonyx trumani]]''
**†''[[Miracinonyx inexpectatus]]''
**†''[[Miracinonyx studeri]]''
* '''Genus ''[[Pallas's Cat|Otocolobus]]'''''
** ''[[Pallas's cat|Otocolobus manul]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776&lt;/small&gt; – Pallas's cat
* '''Genus ''[[Marbled Cat|Pardofelis]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Marbled cat|Pardofelis marmorata]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[William Charles Linnaeus Martin|Martin]], 1837&lt;/small&gt; – marbled cat
* '''Genus ''[[Prionailurus]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[Leopard cat|Prionailurus bengalensis]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Robert Kerr (writer)|Kerr]], 1792&lt;/small&gt; – leopard cat
** ''[[Flat-heidit Cat|Prionailurus planiceps]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Nicholas Aylward Vigors|Vigors]] &amp; [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1827&lt;/small&gt; – flat-heidit cat
** ''[[Rusty-spottit cat|Prionailurus rubiginosus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1831&lt;/small&gt; – rusty-spottit cat
** ''[[Fishin cat|Prionailurus viverrinus]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Edward Turner Bennett|Bennett]], 1833&lt;/small&gt; – fishin cat
* '''Genus ''[[African gowden Cat|Profelis]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858&lt;/small&gt;
** ''[[African gowden cat|Profelis aurata]]''  &lt;small&gt;[[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1827&lt;/small&gt; – African gowden cat
* '''Genus ''[[Puma (genus)|Puma]]''''' &lt;small&gt;[[William Jardine (naituralist)|Jardine]], 1834&lt;/small&gt;
**''[[Cougar|Puma concolor]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771&lt;/small&gt; – cougar
**''[[Jaguarundi|Puma yagouaroundi]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy]], 1803&lt;/small&gt; – jaguarundi
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Wikispecies-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q42602}}

[[Category:Felines]]
[[Category:Taxa named bi Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Toco toucan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>55723</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927858</id>
      <parentid>817817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:17:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927858</origin>
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      <text bytes="1940" sha1="l002hsr48or5ilhnd5fsg5gh8l34r3a" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Toco toucan
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN2012&gt;{{IUCN|id=100600876 |title=''Ramphastos toco'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Ramphastos toco -Birdworld, Farnham, Surrey, England-8a.jpg
| image_caption=At [[Birdworld]], Surrey, Ingland
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Piciformes]]
| familia = [[Toucan|Ramphastidae]]
| genus = ''[[Ramphastos]]''
| species = '''''R. toco'''''
| binomial = ''Ramphastos toco''
| binomial_authority = [[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Statius Müller]], 1776
| range_map =Toco toucan range.PNG
| range_map_caption=Distribution o the Toco Toucan
}}

The '''toco toucan''' (''Ramphastos toco''), kent as the '''Toucan''' or '''common toucan''' an aw, is the lairgest an probably the best kent [[species]] in the [[toucan]] faimily. It is foond in semi-open habitats throughoot a lairge pairt o central an eastren [[Sooth Americae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ramphastos_toco/ | title=Ramphastos toco (Toco toucan) | website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a common attraction in [[zoo]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ramphastos]]
[[Category:Birds o Sooth Americae|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o the Cerrado|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o the Pantanal|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Marajó Island|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o the Guianas|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Argentinae|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Bolivie|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Brazil|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Paraguay|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Peru|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Guyana|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o Suriname|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds o French Guiana|Toucan, Toco]]
[[Category:Birds kept as pets]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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    <title>Template:Year dab</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>56605</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>379547</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sud be &quot;anent&quot; no &quot;aboot&quot;</comment>
      <origin>927731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="487" sha1="28ix4ofvouxous7j6nf40eapzdr49ec" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Hatnote|This airticle is anent the year {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}. {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (number)|For the nummer see [[{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (nummer)]].}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|For {{{2}}}, see [[{{{3}}}]].}} {{#if:{{{4|}}}|For {{{4}}}, see [[{{{5}}}]].}} {{#if:{{{6|}}}|For {{{6}}}, see [[{{{7}}}]].}} {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (disambiguation)|For ither uises, see [[{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (disambiguation)]].}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>for -&gt; fur</comment>
      <origin>927733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="487" sha1="ms4qgfdnxnpwsvfbyn3xdgbseowdh90" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{Hatnote|This airticle is anent the year {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}. {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (number)|Fur the nummer see [[{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (nummer)]].}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}|Fur {{{2}}}, see [[{{{3}}}]].}} {{#if:{{{4|}}}|Fur {{{4}}}, see [[{{{5}}}]].}} {{#if:{{{6|}}}|Fur {{{6}}}, see [[{{{7}}}]].}} {{#ifexist:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (disambiguation)|For ither uises, see [[{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (disambiguation)]].}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
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  <page>
    <title>Serval</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56646</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927857</id>
      <parentid>909847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927857</origin>
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      <text bytes="2839" sha1="6q65cgwwnlc87l3s0menwgic3spo72f" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| image = Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpg
| image_caption = A serval in [[Serengeti Naitional Pairk]], Tanzanie
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Thiel, C. |title=''Leptailurus serval'' |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2015 |page=e.T11638A50654625 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |date=2015 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11638/50654625 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T11638A50654625.en |access-date=29 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus = Leptailurus
| parent_authority = [[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858
| species = serval
| display_parents = 3
| authority = ([[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1776)
| synonyms = {{collapsible list
|''Felis capensis'' &lt;small&gt;(Forster, 1781)&lt;/small&gt; 
|''F. galeopardus'' &lt;small&gt;([[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1820)&lt;/small&gt; 
|''F. ogilbyi'' &lt;small&gt;([[Heinrich Rudolf Schinz|Schinz]], 1844)&lt;/small&gt; 
|''F. serval'' &lt;small&gt;(Schreber, 1776)&lt;/small&gt;
|''F. servalinus'' &lt;small&gt;([[William Ogilby|Ogilby]], 1839)&lt;/small&gt;
|''F. algiricus'' &lt;small&gt;(J. B. Fischer, 1829)&lt;/small&gt;
|''F. senegalensis'' &lt;small&gt;([[René Lesson|Lesson]], 1839)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
| range_map = Serval_distribution.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of Serval, 2015&lt;ref name=iucn/&gt;
}}
The '''serval''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɜr|v|əl}} (''Leptailurus serval'') is a middlin [[Africae|Africa]]n wild [[Felidae|cat]]. DNA studies hae shawn that the serval is closely relatit tae the [[African gowden cat]] an the [[caracal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | year = 2006 | title = The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-01-06_311_5757/page/72 | journal = Science | volume = 311| pages = 73–77 | doi = 10.1126/science.1122277 | pmid=16400146 | last1 = Johnson | first1 = W. E. | issue = 5757 | last2 = Eizirik | first2 = E | last3 = Pecon-Slattery | first3 = J | last4 = Murphy | first4 = WJ | last5 = Antunes | first5 = A | last6 = Teeling | first6 = E | last7 = O'Brien | first7 = SJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q42699}}

[[Category:Felines]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1776]]
[[Category:Mammals o Algerie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Angolae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Botswana]]
[[Category:Mammals o Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Democratic Republic o the Congo]]
[[Category:Fauna o East Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Kenyae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Morocco]]
[[Category:Mammals o Namibie]]
[[Category:Fauna o the Sahara]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Tanzanie]]
[[Category:Fauna o Wast Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Zambie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Africae]]
[[Category:Pet mammals]]
[[Category:Monotypic mammal genera]]
[[Category:Mammals o Uganda]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Myricaceae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58074</id>
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      <id>927746</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927746</origin>
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      <text bytes="1135" sha1="hkwn7berp7x29xtf85sm01d8szlxa75" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Myrica faya.jpg
|image_caption = ''Myrica faya''
|taxon = Myricaceae
|authority = A.Rich. ex Kunth
|type_genus = ''Myrica''
|type_genus_authority = L.
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = ''Canacomyrica'' &lt;small&gt;Guillaumin&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''Comptonia'' &lt;small&gt;L'Hér.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''Myrica'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
}}
'''Myricaceae''' is a sma faimily o [[dicotyledon]]ous [[Buss|busses]] an sma [[tree]]s in the order [[Fagales]]. There are three genera in the faimily,&lt;ref name = powo&gt;{{cite web |title=Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126721-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; awthou some [[Botany|botanists]] pit mony species frae ''Myrica'' intae a fowert genus, ''Morella''. Aboot 35 species are uisually acceptit in ''Myrica'', ane in ''Canacomyrica'' an ane in ''Comptonia''.

Weel-kent members o this faimily are bayberry an sweetfern.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q843892}}

[[Category:Myricaceae| ]]
[[Category:Rosid faimilies]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Circaea lutetiana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927724</id>
      <parentid>840851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T12:55:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927724</origin>
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      <text bytes="1528" sha1="hrpsw90t4tmmhcpsg6gqdttp0mjxbyq" xml:space="preserve">{{italic title}}
{{Taxobox
|name = Enchanter's nichtshade
|image = Illustration Circaea lutetiana0 clean.jpg
|image_caption = Botanical drawin frae ''Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz'' (1885)
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Flouerin plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_subclassis = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|familia = Onagraceae
|genus = ''Circaea''
|species = '''''C. lutetiana'''''
|binomial = ''Circaea lutetiana''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Circaea lutetiana''''' ('''enchanter's nichtshade''') is a [[plant]] in the evenin primrose faimily, Onagraceae. It is a native o Europe, Middle Asia an Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=CILU|title=Plants Profile for Circaea lutetiana (broadleaf enchanter's nightshade)|website=plants.usda.gov|access-date=2016-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The genus nem comes frae the enchantress Circe in Greek mythology. The species nem comes frae Lutetia, the Laitin nem for Paris, that wis whiles cried the &quot;Witch City&quot;. For aa its nem, the plant isnae especially poisonous, but it hauds a lot o the astringent tannin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.alchemy-works.com/circaea_lutetiana.html Alchemy works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095412/http://www.alchemy-works.com/circaea_lutetiana.html |date=2011-09-27 }} Accessed July 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q163955}}

[[Category:Onagraceae]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1753]]
{{stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Links</comment>
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{{Taxobox
|name = Enchanter's nichtshade
|image = Illustration Circaea lutetiana0 clean.jpg
|image_caption = Botanical drawin frae ''Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz'' (1885)
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Flouerin plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_subclassis = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|familia = Onagraceae
|genus = ''Circaea''
|species = '''''C. lutetiana'''''
|binomial = ''Circaea lutetiana''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Circaea lutetiana''''' ('''enchanter's nichtshade''') is a [[plant]] in the evenin primrose faimily, Onagraceae. It is a native o Europe, Middle Asia an Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=CILU|title=Plants Profile for Circaea lutetiana (broadleaf enchanter's nightshade)|website=plants.usda.gov|access-date=2016-06-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The genus nem comes frae the enchantress [[Circe]] in [[Greek mythology]]. The species nem comes frae Lutetia, the Laitin nem for [[Paris]], that wis whiles cried the &quot;Witch City&quot;. For aa its nem, the plant isnae especially poisonous, but it hauds a lot o the astringent tannin.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.alchemy-works.com/circaea_lutetiana.html Alchemy works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927095412/http://www.alchemy-works.com/circaea_lutetiana.html |date=2011-09-27 }} Accessed July 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q163955}}

[[Category:Onagraceae]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1753]]
{{stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ciconiiformes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>59821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927852</id>
      <parentid>916540</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:16:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927852</origin>
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      <text bytes="1740" sha1="pj6qjpaj5w473avwlubvrxuc3vers7d" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Stork
| fossil_range = [[Early Oligocene]] tae present {{fossilrange|30|0}}
| image = Mycteria leucocephala - Pak Thale.jpg
| image_caption = [[Pentit stork]]
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1854&lt;ref name=&quot;SN&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=80129&amp;tree=0.1 | title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves | accessdate=11 June 2012 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | date=14 August 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon | archive-date=2008-05-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505214909/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=80129&amp;tree=0.1 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| taxon = Ciconiidae
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1840&lt;ref name=&quot;SN&quot; /&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
*''[[Anastomus]]''
*''[[Ciconia]]''
*''[[Ephippiorhynchus]]''
*''[[Jabiru]]''
*''[[Leptoptilos]]''
*''[[Mycteria]]''
}}
Tradeetionally, the [[order (biology)|order]] '''Ciconiiformes''' haes includit sindry muckle, lang-legged wadin birds wi muckle bills: [[stork]]s, [[heron]]s, [[egret]]s, [[ibis]]es, [[spuinbill]]s, an several ithers. At present the only faimily retained in the order is the storks, [[Ciconiidae]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.021| pmid=23562800| title=Beyond phylogeny: Pelecaniform and ciconiiform birds, and long-term niche stability| journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=68| issue=2| pages=229–238| year=2013| last1=Gibb| first1=Gillian C.| last2=Kennedy| first2=Martyn| last3=Penny| first3=David| bibcode=2013MolPE..68..229G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q28507}}

[[Category:Ciconiidae| ]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>60174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927838</id>
      <parentid>913162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:10:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927838</origin>
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      <text bytes="2456" sha1="1hkynowvrtfjjyl95xpa7a15i2m8c4e" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}

[[File:lifeboat.17-31.underway.arp.jpg|thumb|At 17 metres lang, the Severn-class lifeboats are the lairgest class o UK lifeboat.]]
A '''boat''' is a wattercraft o ony size designed tae float or plane, tae wirk or travel on watter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of boat {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/boat|access-date=2023-01-23|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; For smaa boats, this is typically inland ([[loch]]s) or in protecit coastal areas. Houaniver, boats sicklik the whaulboat wur designed tae be operatit frae a [[ship]] in an affshore environment. In [[Navy|naval]] terms, a boat is a vessel smaa eneuch tae be carried aboard anither vessel (a ship). Anither less restrictive defineetion is a vessel that can be liftit oot o the watter. Some defineetions dinna mak a distinction in size, as 1000-fit bulk freichters on the Great Lochs are cried oreboats.

Boats come in sindry shapes, sizes an construction due tae intendit purpose, available materials an local tradeetions. Canoe type boats hae a lang history an various versions are uised oothrou the warld for transportation, fishin or sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The History Of The Canoe And Kayak Go Back Many Years {{!}} Lovers Key Adventures|url=https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/history-of-the-canoe-and-kayak/|access-date=2023-01-23|website=https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123200744/https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/history-of-the-canoe-and-kayak/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fishin boats vary widely in style in pairt tae match local condeetions. Pleasure boats represent a less practical approach, includin ski boats, pontoon boats, sailboats. Hoose boats mey be a vacation or provide lang-term hoosin. Smaa boats provide transport or flit cargo (lichterin) frae bigger ships. Lifeboats are an important safety meisur.

== images==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Porto Venere Yacht and Sails.jpg
File:BOUALAML.the boat south mediterranean-Maghrebis.2.jpg
EgyptTombOarboat.jpg
Historic Center of Quito - World Heritage Site by UNESCO - Photo 437.jpg
A boat in India.JPG
Canoe-01.jpg|
Babur crossing the river Son.jpg|
Tug Boat NY 1.jpg
DerelictBoatFollyIs.jpg
File:The boat south mediterranean-Maghrebis.jpg
Boating in fair weather.jpg
Jiajing Emperor on his state barge.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Boats| ]]
[[Category:Wattercraft]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927845</id>
      <parentid>927838</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Clarify inland lochs, presumably owerset fae 'lake'. Lochs can be sea or freshwatter.</comment>
      <origin>927845</origin>
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      <text bytes="2454" sha1="jif7qbdwpfd0rx5sbtpcovcbp6y55k5" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}

[[File:lifeboat.17-31.underway.arp.jpg|thumb|At 17 metres lang, the Severn-class lifeboats are the lairgest class o UK lifeboat.]]
A '''boat''' is a wattercraft o ony size designed tae float or plane, tae wirk or travel on watter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of boat {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/boat|access-date=2023-01-23|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; For smaa boats, this is typically inland [[loch]]s or in protecit coastal areas. Houaniver, boats sicklik the whaulboat wur designed tae be operatit frae a [[ship]] in an affshore environment. In [[Navy|naval]] terms, a boat is a vessel smaa eneuch tae be carried aboard anither vessel (a ship). Anither less restrictive defineetion is a vessel that can be liftit oot o the watter. Some defineetions dinna mak a distinction in size, as 1000-fit bulk freichters on the Great Lochs are cried oreboats.

Boats come in sindry shapes, sizes an construction due tae intendit purpose, available materials an local tradeetions. Canoe type boats hae a lang history an various versions are uised oothrou the warld for transportation, fishin or sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The History Of The Canoe And Kayak Go Back Many Years {{!}} Lovers Key Adventures|url=https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/history-of-the-canoe-and-kayak/|access-date=2023-01-23|website=https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123200744/https://www.loverskeyadventures.com/history-of-the-canoe-and-kayak/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fishin boats vary widely in style in pairt tae match local condeetions. Pleasure boats represent a less practical approach, includin ski boats, pontoon boats, sailboats. Hoose boats mey be a vacation or provide lang-term hoosin. Smaa boats provide transport or flit cargo (lichterin) frae bigger ships. Lifeboats are an important safety meisur.

== images==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Porto Venere Yacht and Sails.jpg
File:BOUALAML.the boat south mediterranean-Maghrebis.2.jpg
EgyptTombOarboat.jpg
Historic Center of Quito - World Heritage Site by UNESCO - Photo 437.jpg
A boat in India.JPG
Canoe-01.jpg|
Babur crossing the river Son.jpg|
Tug Boat NY 1.jpg
DerelictBoatFollyIs.jpg
File:The boat south mediterranean-Maghrebis.jpg
Boating in fair weather.jpg
Jiajing Emperor on his state barge.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Boats| ]]
[[Category:Wattercraft]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Çorlu</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>927923</id>
      <parentid>875337</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:16:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927923</origin>
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      <text bytes="3313" sha1="d5a5vvmj0x95k8vd8tdxnfoemsbbj1b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement &lt;!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--&gt;
|official_name = Çorlu
|settlement_type =
|timezone=[[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset=+2
|map_caption =Location o Çorlu within Turkey.
|timezone_DST=[[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+3
|image_skyline = EmlakKonutFraBroen.jpg
|image_caption = ''Emlak Konutları'' towerblocks―a prominent site of the city
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type = Emblem o the ceety
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{TUR}}
|subdivision_type1=[[Regions o Turkey|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Marmara Region]]
|subdivision_type2=[[Provinces o Turkey|Province]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tekirdağ]]
| area_footnotes          = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title       = Destrict
| area_blank1_km2         = {{Turkey district areas|Tekirdağ|Çorlu}}
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Tekirdağ}}
| population_urban        = {{Turkey district populations|Tekirdağ|Çorlu|şehir}}
| population_as_of        = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1       = {{Turkey district populations|Tekirdağ|Çorlu|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2  = auto
  |pushpin_map =Turkey
|pushpin_label_position = &lt;!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --&gt;
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location o Çorlu
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|coordinates             = {{coord|41|09|N|27|48|E|region:TR|display=inline}}
|elevation_m =10
|postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]
|postal_code = 59860 (North) an 59861 (Sooth)
  |area_code = 0282
  |blank_info = 59
|blank_name=[[Turkis car nummer plates|Licence&amp;nbsp;plate]]
|leader_name = [[Ünal Baysan]]
|leader_party= [[Republican Fowk's Pairty (Turkey)|CHP]]
|leader_title= Mayor
|leader_title1 = Govrenor
|leader_name1 = Erhan ÖZDEMİR
|website = [http://www.corlu-bld.gov.tr corlu-bld.gov.tr]
}}

'''Çorlu'''  ({{IPA-tr|ˈtʃoɾɫu|pron|CorluPronun.ogg}}) is a northwastren [[Republic o Turkey|Turkis]] ceety in inland [[Eastren Thrace]] that faws unner the admeenistration o the [[Tekirdağ Province|Province o Tekirdağ]]. It is a rapidly developin industrial center biggit on flatland locatit aff the {{European route E|80}}/[[File:O3-TR sign.svg|34px|link=Otoyol 3]] heichway atween [[Istanbul]] an Turkey's border wi [[Greece]] an [[Bulgarie]]. As o 2012 census, the population o the ceety is 235,354 - a bit mair nor triple the 1990 figure o 74,681.

==Sister ceeties==

* {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Aden]], Yemen
* {{flagicon|Macedonia}} [[Kumanovo]], [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]]
* {{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Thies]], Senegal
* {{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Ebolowa]], Cameroon
* {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Bandaressalam]], Comoros
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], Turkey
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Montgomery, Alabama]], USA
* {{flagicon|Grenada}} [[Grenville, Grenada]]
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Luxor]], Egyp
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Alert, Nunavut]], Canadae

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Stub/Turkey}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Corlu}}
[[Category:Touns in Turkey]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Tekirdağ Province]]
[[Category:Jewish commonties in Turkey]]
[[Category:Destricts o Tekirdağ Province]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T22:05:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3035" sha1="9966p74iwx3qxxh193063rncmz8aztg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement 
|official_name = Çorlu
|timezone=[[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset=+2
|map_caption =Location o Çorlu within Turkey.
|timezone_DST=[[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+3
|image_skyline = EmlakKonutFraBroen.jpg
|image_caption = ''Emlak Konutları'' touerblocks―a prominent steid o the ceety
|blank_emblem_type = Emblem o the ceety
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{TUR}}
|subdivision_type1=[[Regions o Turkey|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Marmara Region]]
|subdivision_type2=[[Provinces o Turkey|Province]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Tekirdağ]]
| area_footnotes          = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title       = Destrict
| area_blank1_km2         = {{Turkey district areas|Tekirdağ|Çorlu}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Tekirdağ}}
| population_urban        = {{Turkey district populations|Tekirdağ|Çorlu|şehir}}
| population_as_of        = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1       = {{Turkey district populations|Tekirdağ|Çorlu|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2  = auto
  |pushpin_map =Turkey
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location o Çorlu
|coordinates             = {{coord|41|09|N|27|48|E|region:TR|display=inline}}
|elevation_m =10
|postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]
|postal_code = 59860 (North) an 59861 (Sooth)
  |area_code = 0282
  |blank_info = 59
|blank_name=[[Turkis car nummer plates|Licence&amp;nbsp;plate]]
|leader_name = [[Ünal Baysan]]
|leader_party= [[Republican Fowk's Pairty (Turkey)|CHP]]
|leader_title= Mayor
|leader_title1 = Govrenor
|leader_name1 = Erhan ÖZDEMİR
|website = [http://www.corlu-bld.gov.tr corlu-bld.gov.tr]
}}

'''Çorlu'''  ({{IPA-tr|ˈtʃoɾɫu|pron|CorluPronun.ogg}}) is a northwastren [[Republic o Turkey|Turkis]] ceety in inland [[Eastren Thrace]] that faws unner the admeenistration o the [[Tekirdağ Province|Province o Tekirdağ]]. It is a rapidly developin industrial center biggit on flatland locatit aff the {{European route E|80}}/[[File:O3-TR sign.svg|34px|link=Otoyol 3]] heichway atween [[Istanbul]] an Turkey's border wi [[Greece]] an [[Bulgarie]]. As o 2012 census, the population o the ceety is 235,354 - a bit mair nor triple the 1990 figure o 74,681.

==Sister ceeties==

* {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Aden]], Yemen
* {{flagicon|Macedonia}} [[Kumanovo]], [[Republic o Macedonie|Macedonie]]
* {{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Thies]], Senegal
* {{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Ebolowa]], Cameroon
* {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Bandaressalam]], Comoros
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Sinop, Turkey|Sinop]], Turkey
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Montgomery, Alabama]], USA
* {{flagicon|Grenada}} [[Grenville, Grenada]]
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Luxor]], Egyp
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Alert, Nunavut]], Canadae

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Stub/Turkey}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Corlu}}
[[Category:Touns in Turkey]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Tekirdağ Province]]
[[Category:Jewish commonties in Turkey]]
[[Category:Destricts o Tekirdağ Province]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samanid Empire</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>927784</id>
      <parentid>913968</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:36:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927784</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5120" sha1="8802v7v4rchvcegas4qv5j68l4irzzb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name            = سامانیان
|conventional_long_name = Samani
|common_name            = Samani
|continent              = Asia
|country                = [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]
|era                    = Medieval
|government_type        = Emirate
|year_start             = 819
|year_end               = 999
|p1                     = Saffarid dynasty
|flag_p1                = Saffarid dynasty 861-1003.png
|p2                     = Abbasid Caliphate
|flag_p2                = Abbasids850.png
|p3                     = Alids of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan
|flag_p3                = Alavids-map.png
|s1                     = Ghaznavid dynasty
|flag_s1                = Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
|s2                     = Karakhanids
|flag_s2                = KaraKhanidAD1000.png
|s3                     = Banu Ilyas
|flag_s3                = BanuIlyasMapHistoryofIran.png
|image_map              = Samanid dynasty (819–999).GIF
|image_map_caption      = The Samanid Empire at its greatest extent under [[Isma'il ibn Ahmad]]
|capital                = [[Balkh]], [[Bukhara]]
|common_languages       = [[Persie leid|Persian]] (&lt;small&gt;releegious decree/mither tongue&lt;/small&gt;),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Persian Prose Literature.&quot; World Eras. 2002. HighBeam Research. (September 3, 2012);&quot;''Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and Buyids (945–1055)...''&quot;. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3034700041.html]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Elton L. Daniel, ''History of Iran'', (Greenwood Press, 2001), 74.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Arabic]] (&lt;small&gt;art/science&lt;/small&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;''The Samanids'', '''The David Collection'''. [http://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/samanids/coins Islamic dynasties]&lt;/ref&gt;
|religion               = [[Sunni Islam]]
|leader1                = [[Yahya ibn Asad]]
|leader2                = [[Abd al-Malik II (Samanid emir)|'Abd al-Malik II]]
|year_leader1           = 819–855
|year_leader2           = 999
|title_leader           = [[Emir]]
|stat_year1   = 928 est.
|stat_area1   = 2850000
|today = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left; |title=&amp;nbsp; |{{flag|Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||{{flag|Uzbekistan}} }}
}}
The '''Samani dynasty''' ({{lang-fa|سامانیان}}, {{lang-tg|Сомониён}} - ''Sāmāniyān''), forby kent as the '''Samanid Empire''', or simply '''Samanids''' (819–999),&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007, ''Samani Dynasty'', [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9065183/Samanid-Dynasty LINK]&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]&lt;ref&gt;Rene Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes:A History of Central Asia'', transl. Naomi Walford, (Rutgers University Press, 2002), 143.&lt;/ref&gt; Persian [[Empire]]&lt;ref&gt;The Encyclopaedia of Islam (article by Clifford Edmund Bosworth) writes: SAMANIDS, a Persian dynasty which ruled in Transoxania and then in Khurasan also, at first as subordinate governors of the Tahirids [q. v. ] and then later autonomous, virtually independent rulers (204-395/819-1005)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
*A historical atlas of Uzbekistan, By Aisha Khan, Published by The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 0-8239-3868-9, ISBN 978-0-8239-3868-1, pg. 23;
*The Cambridge History of Iran, By Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6, pg. 164;
*The New Encyclopædia Britannica, By Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987, ISBN 0-85229-443-3, ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7, pg. 891;
*The monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana, By Sheila Blair, Published by BRILL, 1992, ISBN 90-04-09367-2, ISBN 978-90-04-09367-6, pg. 27.&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Central Asia]], named efter its foonder [[Saman Khuda]], that convertit tae [[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elton L. Daniel pg. 74&quot;&gt;The History of Iran By Elton L. Daniel, pg. 74&lt;/ref&gt; despite bein frae [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] theocratic nobility. It wis a native Persie dynasty in [[Greater Iran]] an [[Central Asie]] efter the foonderin o the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persie empire]] caused bi the [[Islamic conquest o Persie|Arab conquest]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:States an territories established in 819]]
[[Category:875 establishments]]
[[Category:999 disestablishments]]
[[Category:History o Iran]]
[[Category:History o Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Dynasties o Afghanistan]]
[[Category:History o Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:History o Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:History o Pakistan]]
[[Category:History o Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:History o Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Muslim dynasties]]
[[Category:History o Islam]]
[[Category:Samanids| ]]
[[Category:Iranian dynasties]]
{{stub/Asie}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927807</id>
      <parentid>927784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:53:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>impruived citation</comment>
      <origin>927807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5210" sha1="ihmch8scv291m5kkir12dxe0oer46ul" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name            = سامانیان
|conventional_long_name = Samani
|common_name            = Samani
|continent              = Asia
|country                = [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]
|era                    = Medieval
|government_type        = Emirate
|year_start             = 819
|year_end               = 999
|p1                     = Saffarid dynasty
|flag_p1                = Saffarid dynasty 861-1003.png
|p2                     = Abbasid Caliphate
|flag_p2                = Abbasids850.png
|p3                     = Alids of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan
|flag_p3                = Alavids-map.png
|s1                     = Ghaznavid dynasty
|flag_s1                = Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
|s2                     = Karakhanids
|flag_s2                = KaraKhanidAD1000.png
|s3                     = Banu Ilyas
|flag_s3                = BanuIlyasMapHistoryofIran.png
|image_map              = Samanid dynasty (819–999).GIF
|image_map_caption      = The Samanid Empire at its greatest extent under [[Isma'il ibn Ahmad]]
|capital                = [[Balkh]], [[Bukhara]]
|common_languages       = [[Persie leid|Persian]] (&lt;small&gt;releegious decree/mither tongue&lt;/small&gt;),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Persian Prose Literature.&quot; World Eras. 2002. HighBeam Research. (September 3, 2012);&quot;''Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and Buyids (945–1055)...''&quot;. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3034700041.html]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Elton L. Daniel, ''History of Iran'', (Greenwood Press, 2001), 74.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Arabic]] (&lt;small&gt;art/science&lt;/small&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;''The Samanids'', '''The David Collection'''. [http://www.davidmus.dk/en/collections/islamic/dynasties/samanids/coins Islamic dynasties]&lt;/ref&gt;
|religion               = [[Sunni Islam]]
|leader1                = [[Yahya ibn Asad]]
|leader2                = [[Abd al-Malik II (Samanid emir)|'Abd al-Malik II]]
|year_leader1           = 819–855
|year_leader2           = 999
|title_leader           = [[Emir]]
|stat_year1   = 928 est.
|stat_area1   = 2850000
|today = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left; |title=&amp;nbsp; |{{flag|Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flag|Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||{{flag|Uzbekistan}} }}
}}
The '''Samani dynasty''' ({{lang-fa|سامانیان}}, {{lang-tg|Сомониён}} - ''Sāmāniyān''), forby kent as the '''Samanid Empire''', or simply '''Samanids''' (819–999),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samanid dynasty {{!}} History, Pottery, Art, Architecture, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samanid-dynasty|url-status=live|access-date=2026-11-10|website=Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]&lt;ref&gt;Rene Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes:A History of Central Asia'', transl. Naomi Walford, (Rutgers University Press, 2002), 143.&lt;/ref&gt; Persian [[Empire]]&lt;ref&gt;The Encyclopaedia of Islam (article by Clifford Edmund Bosworth) writes: SAMANIDS, a Persian dynasty which ruled in Transoxania and then in Khurasan also, at first as subordinate governors of the Tahirids [q. v. ] and then later autonomous, virtually independent rulers (204-395/819-1005)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
*A historical atlas of Uzbekistan, By Aisha Khan, Published by The Rosen Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 0-8239-3868-9, ISBN 978-0-8239-3868-1, pg. 23;
*The Cambridge History of Iran, By Richard Nelson Frye, William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20093-8, ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6, pg. 164;
*The New Encyclopædia Britannica, By Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987, ISBN 0-85229-443-3, ISBN 978-0-85229-443-7, pg. 891;
*The monumental inscriptions from early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana, By Sheila Blair, Published by BRILL, 1992, ISBN 90-04-09367-2, ISBN 978-90-04-09367-6, pg. 27.&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Central Asia]], named efter its foonder [[Saman Khuda]], that convertit tae [[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Elton L. Daniel pg. 74&quot;&gt;The History of Iran By Elton L. Daniel, pg. 74&lt;/ref&gt; despite bein frae [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] theocratic nobility. It wis a native Persie dynasty in [[Greater Iran]] an [[Central Asie]] efter the foonderin o the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persie empire]] caused bi the [[Islamic conquest o Persie|Arab conquest]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:States an territories established in 819]]
[[Category:875 establishments]]
[[Category:999 disestablishments]]
[[Category:History o Iran]]
[[Category:History o Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Dynasties o Afghanistan]]
[[Category:History o Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:History o Kyrgyzstan]]
[[Category:History o Pakistan]]
[[Category:History o Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:History o Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Muslim dynasties]]
[[Category:History o Islam]]
[[Category:Samanids| ]]
[[Category:Iranian dynasties]]
{{stub/Asie}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ylilauta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>62907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927740</id>
      <parentid>868495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:22:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>A'v ne'er seen that spellin, it disnae make ony sense wi graimmar, DSL leets it as a variant of &quot;ane&quot; an aw, sae makin it the normal spellin</comment>
      <origin>927740</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1556" sha1="kjmtifouw99wyvuya3ubu2lxospynw8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox wabsteid
|name           = Ylilauta
|logo           = 
|screenshot     = 
|caption        = 
|url            = http://ylilauta.org/
|commercial     = Aye
|type o steid   = Eimagebaird fur tae rander mony a swabjict
|leid           = The Finnish leid is alirt; Inglis is uisit in pairtal. 
''|registration = Ane kin coff a gild (premium) accoont, fur tae hae muckle orra a feiture.
|awner          = Aleksi Kinnunen
|author         = Aleksi Kinnunen
|launch date    = {{Start date and age|February 20, 2011}}
|current status = Active
| alexa = {{increase}} 45,138 ({{as of|2013|9|14|alt=September 2013}}) &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|Finland}} 176 ({{as of|2013|9|14|alt=September 2013}}) &lt;br&gt; &lt;ref name='alexa'&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ylilauta.org| title= Ylilauta.org Site Info| publisher= [[Alexa Internet]]| accessdate= 2013-09-14| archive-date= 2012-08-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120802190823/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ylilauta.org| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Ylilauta''' is a [[Finnish]] eimagebaird foondit oan the 20th o Februair, 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ylilauta.org|url=http://ylilauta.org/?english|accessdate=2013-11-30}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; , tae souder twa bityme eimagebairds; Kotilauta an Lauta.net. Biyon bi Ylilauta aes the maist athego eimagebaird oan Finland's pairt o the wab, an wis the fowert maist rakit wasteid in Finland fur 2011.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Finnish wabsteids]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927823</id>
      <parentid>927740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:02:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927823</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1499" sha1="m7g4bmhnhe8enfvxi6tu6xav415mltz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox wabsteid
|name           = Ylilauta
|url            = http://ylilauta.org/
|commercial     = Aye
|type o steid   = Eimagebaird fur tae rander mony a swabjict
|leid           = The Finnish leid is alirt; Inglis is uisit in pairtal. 
''|registration = Ane kin coff a gild (premium) accoont, fur tae hae muckle orra a feiture.
|awner          = Aleksi Kinnunen
|author         = Aleksi Kinnunen
|launch date    = {{Start date and age|February 20, 2011}}
|current status = Active
| alexa = {{increase}} 45,138 ({{as of|2013|9|14|alt=September 2013}}) &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|Finland}} 176 ({{as of|2013|9|14|alt=September 2013}}) &lt;br&gt; &lt;ref name='alexa'&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ylilauta.org| title= Ylilauta.org Site Info| publisher= [[Alexa Internet]]| accessdate= 2013-09-14| archive-date= 2012-08-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120802190823/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/ylilauta.org| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Ylilauta''' is a [[Finnish]] eimagebaird foondit oan the 20th o Februair, 2011&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ylilauta.org|url=http://ylilauta.org/?english|accessdate=2013-11-30}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; , tae souder twa bityme eimagebairds; Kotilauta an Lauta.net. Biyon bi Ylilauta aes the maist athego eimagebaird oan Finland's pairt o the wab, an wis the fowert maist rakit wasteid in Finland fur 2011.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Finnish wabsteids]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic nummer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>63873</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927804</id>
      <parentid>923826</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:51:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1255" sha1="p5na076r2cn536q4weiqqd740xyy6ze" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Atomic number depiction.svg|thumb|300px|right|An explanation o the superscripts an subscripts seen in atomic nummer notation. Atomic nummer is the nummer o protons, an tharefore the tot positive charge, in the atomic nucleus.]]
In [[chemistry]] an [[physics]], the '''atomic nummer''' (cried the '''proton nummer''' an aa) is the nummer o [[proton]]s foond in the [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]] o an [[atom]] an tharefore identical tae the [[charge nummer]] o the nucleus. It is conventionally representit bi the symbol '''''Z'''''. The atomic nummer uniquely identifies a [[chemical element]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/atomicmassnumber.htm | title=Atomic Number and Mass Numbers | publisher=ndt-ed.org | access-date=17 February 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212155836/http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/atomicmassnumber.htm | archive-date=12 February 2014 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In an atom o [[electric charge|neutral charge]], the atomic nummer is equal tae the nummer o [[electron]]s.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atomic Nummer}}
[[Category:Chemical properties]]
[[Category:Nuclear physics]]
[[Category:Atoms]]

{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asparagus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>64632</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927821</id>
      <parentid>877369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:01:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>slightly mendin Scots as much as a limitit skill can; as weel as a bit of prose cleanup that's guid fur baith Scots an Inglis prose.</comment>
      <origin>927821</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2382" sha1="tewaxmlte4let19lkrpzytxdv3xnox1" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots}}
{{Speciesbox
|taxon = Asparagus officinalis
|image = Asparagus-Bundle.jpg
|image_width = 120px
|image_caption = A bundle o cultivatit asparagus
|authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Asparagus officinalis''''' is a spring vegetable, a flouerin [[perennial]]&lt;ref
 name=&quot;prota&quot;&gt;{{Cite book
 |title=Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables
 |editor1-last=Grubben
 |editor1-first=G.J.H.
 |editor2-last=Denton
 |editor2-first=O.A.
 |year=2004
 |publisher=PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
plaunt species in the genus ''Asparagus''. It ance wis clessifeed in the [[lily]] faimily, like its ''[[Allium]]'' cousins, [[ingan]]s an [[garlic]], but the [[Liliaceae]] hae been split, sae the ingan-lik plants are nou in the faimily [[Amaryllidaceae]] an asparagus in the [[Asparagaceae]]. ''Asparagus officinalis'' is native tae maist o Europe, northren Africae an wastren Asie.&lt;ref
 name=fe&gt;{{Cite web
 |url=http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&amp;GENUS_XREF=Asparagus&amp;SPECIES_XREF=officinalis&amp;TAXON_NAME_XREF=&amp;RANK=
 |title=Asparagus officinalis
 |work=Flora Europaea
 |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
 |accessdate=2010-05-19
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref
 name=empp&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=38660&amp;PTRefFk=500000
 |title=Asparagus officinalis
 |work=Euro+Med Plantbase Project
 |publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem
 |accessdate=2010-05-19
 |archive-date=2011-08-11
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811083221/http://ww2.bgbm.org/_EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=38660&amp;PTRefFk=500000
 |url-status=dead
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref
 name=grin&gt;{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?300050
 |title=Asparagus officinalis
 |author=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program
 |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network
 |publisher=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory
 |location=Beltsville, Maryland
 |accessdate=2010-05-19
 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
It is widely cultivatit as a vegetable crop.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Asparagus]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants o Africae]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants o Asie]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants o Europe]]
[[Category:Stem vegetables]]
[[Category:Perennial vegetables]]
[[Category:Plants wi indehiscent fruit]]
[[Category:Flora o Nepal]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cassava</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>64650</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927812</id>
      <parentid>839903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927812</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2376" sha1="q79itxc5ku5pbk9w93wke0mpgkq2eze" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name = Cassava
|image =Manihot_esculenta_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-090.jpg
|image_caption=Leafs o the cassava plant
|image2 = Manihot esculenta 001.jpg
|image2_caption = A manioc tuber
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
|familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Crotonoideae]]
|tribus = [[Manihoteae]]
|genus = ''[[Manihot]]''
|species = '''''M. esculenta'''''
|binomial = ''Manihot esculenta''
|binomial_authority = [[Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz|Crantz]]
}}
[[File:Manihot esculenta MHNT.BOT.2004.0.508.jpg|thumb|''Manihot esculenta'']]

'''Cassava''' ('''''Manihot esculenta'''''), forby cried '''manioc''', '''yuca''', '''balinghoy''', '''mogo''',  '''mandioca''', '''kamoteng kahoy''', '''tapioca-ruit''' (predominantly in [[Indie]]) an '''manioc ruit''', a widdy [[shrub]] o the [[Euphorbiaceae]] (spurge) faimily native tae [[Sooth Americae]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Olsen |first1=K. M. |last2=Schaal |first2=B. A. |title=Evidence on the origin of cassava: phylogeography of ''Manihot esculenta'' |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=5586–5591 |year=1999 |pmid=10318928 |pmc=21904 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.5586O |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.10.5586 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; is extensively cultivatit as an annual [[agricultur|crap]] in [[tropical]] an [[subtropical]] regions for its edible [[starch]]y [[tuberous ruit]], a major soorce o [[carbohydrate]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO-2016&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Cassava|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations (FAO) |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/gcds/|access-date=24 November 2011|archive-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118061344/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/gcds/}}&lt;/ref&gt; It differs frae the similar spelt [[yucca]], an unrelatit fruit-bearin shrub in the [[Asparagaceae]] faimily. Cassava, whan dried tae a poudery (or pearly) extract, is cried [[tapioca]]; its fermentit, flaky version is named [[garri]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Flora o Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Ruit vegetables]]
[[Category:Staple fuids]]
[[Category:Tropical agricultur]]
[[Category:Biofuels]]
[[Category:Fermentit beverages]]
{{stub/Plaunt}}
{{stub/Fuid}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>War on Terror</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927793</id>
      <parentid>909370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:45:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927793</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8817" sha1="tqq2htluf1gaysb6sst04ogi6ibinxp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict=War on Terror
| image= [[File:War on Terror montage1.png|300px]]
| caption=Clockwise frae tap left: Eftermath o the [[11 September attacks]]; American infantry in [[Afghanistan]]; an American sodger an Afghan interpreter in [[Zabul Province]], Afghanistan; explosion o an Iraqi car bomb in [[Baghdad]]
|date=7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021&lt;br&gt;({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=7|year1=2001}}) Origins date tae the 1980s.
| place=Global (esp. Middle East, pairts o Asia an Africae, Europe an North Americae)
| casus=[[11 September attacks]]
| status=
'''[[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]:'''
*Faw o the [[Taliban]] government in Afghanistan
*Destruction o [[al-Qaeda]] camps
*[[Taliban insurgency]]
*[[War in North-Wast Pakistan]]
*[[Daith o Osama bin Laden|Killin o Osama bin Laden]]
'''[[Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen]]'''
*Ongangin insurgency
*Drone strikes bein conductit bi CIA
'''[[Iraq War|Iraq War (2003–2011)]]:'''
*Faw o the [[Ba'ath Pairty#Iraq based Ba'ath pairty|Ba'ath Pairty]] government in Iraq
*[[Execution o Saddam Hussein]]
*[[Elections in Iraq|Free elections]]
*Ongangin [[Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal)|insurgency]]
'''[[War in North-Wast Pakistan|War in North-Wast Pakistan (2004–present)]]:'''
*Ongangin insurgency
*Lairge pairt o FATA unner Taliban control
*Shiftin public support for the Pakistani government
*Drone strikes bein conductit bi CIA
'''Ither:'''
*[[Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn o Africa|OEF Horn o Africae]]
*[[Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines|OEF Philippines]]
*[[Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara|OEF Trans Sahara]]
*[[Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean an Central Americae|OEF Caribbean an Central Americae]]
|combatant1= 
'''NATO participants:'''
{{flag|NATO}}
*{{flagcountry|Unitit States}}
*{{flagcountry|Unitit Kinrick}}
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = full list
|{{flag|Albanie}}
|{{flag|Belgium}}
|{{flag|Bulgarie}}
|{{flag|Canadae}}
|{{flag|Croatie}}
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|{{flag|Estonie}}
|{{flag|Fraunce}}
|{{flag|Germany}}
|{{flag|Greece}}
|{{flag|Hungary}}
|{{flag|Iceland}}
|{{flag|Italy}}
|{{flag|Latvie}}
|{{flag|Lithuanie}}
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}
|{{flag|Norawa}}
|{{flag|Poland}}
|{{flag|Portugal}}
|{{flag|Romanie}}
|{{flag|Slovakie}}
|{{flag|Slovenie}}
|{{flag|Spain}}
|{{flag|Turkey}}
}}

'''Non-NATO parteecipants:'''
*{{flag|Afghanistan}}
*{{flag|Pakistan}}
*{{flag|Yemen}}
*{{flag|Iraq}}

{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = full list
|{{flag|Algerie}}
|{{flag|Armenie}}
|{{flag|Australie}}
|{{flag|Austrick}}
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{flag|Bahrain}}
|{{flag|Bosnie an Herzegovinae}}
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{flag|Burundi}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{flag|Colombie}}
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}
|{{flag|El Salvador}}
|{{flag|Finland}}
|{{flag|Georgie}}
|{{flag|Ireland}}
|{{flag|Japan}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{flag|Kenyae}}
|{{flag|Republic o Korea}}
|{{flag|Macedonie}}
|{{flag|Malaysie}}
|{{flag|Mali}}
|{{flag|Mauritanie}}
|{{flag|Mongolie}}
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|{{flag|Moldovae}}
|{{flag|New Zealand}}
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{flag|Niger}}
|{{flag|Nigerie}}
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{flag|Qatar}}
|{{flag|Rwanda}}
|{{flag|Russia}}
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{flag|Singapore}}
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{flag|Swaden}}
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|{{Flag|Tunisie}}
|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{flag|Unitit Arab Emirates}}
|{{flag|Uruguay}}
}}
----
'''Internaitional missions *:'''
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the International Security Assistance Force.svg}} [[Internaitional Security Assistance Force|NATO—ISAF]]
* [[Operation Enduring Freedom - Afghanistan: Allies|Operation Enduring Freedom Allies]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1992-1996; 2001).svg}} [[Northern Alliance]]
* [[File:MultinationalForce-IraqDUI.svg|24px]] [[Multi-Naitional Force&amp;nbsp;– Iraq]]
* [[File:CJTF-HOA insignia.jpg|24px]] [[Combined Jynt Task Force – Horn o Africae]]

(''* note: maist contreibutin naitions are includit in the internaitional operations'')
|combatant2='''Main targets:'''
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Taliban]]
{{collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = '''Ithers'''
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Islamic Movement o Uzbekistan]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]]
|{{flagicon image|ShababFlag.svg}} [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Courts Union.svg}} [[Islamic Courts Union]] (dis)
| [[Jundallah]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|[[Image:Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg|24px]] [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
||{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Abu Sayyaf]]
|{{flagicon image|}} [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]] (till 6 October 2012)
[[Image:MNLF flag.svg|22px]] [[Moro Naitional Liberation Front]]
|{{flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} [[Iraqi insurgency|Iraqi insurgents]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}}  [[Rajah Sulaiman movement]]
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} [[Saddamists|Iraqi Baath Pairty lyalists]]
|[[Supreme Command for Jihad an Liberation]]
}}

|commander1={{Flagicon|Unitit States}} [[General (Unitit States)|Gen.]] [[Tommy Franks]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2001–2003)}},&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[John Abizaid]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2003–2007)}},&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Unitit States}} [[Admiral (Unitit States)|Adm.]] [[William J. Fallon]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2007–2008)}},&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[David Petraeus]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2008–2010, ISAF commander 2010–2011)}},&lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[James Mattis]] {{Small|(CENTCOM commander 2010–present)}},&lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[Dan K. McNeill]] {{Small|(ISAF commander 2007–2008)}},&lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[David D. McKiernan]] {{Small|(ISAF commander 2008–2009)}},&lt;br&gt; {{Flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[Stanley A. McChrystal]] {{Small|(ISAF commander 2009–2010)}}&lt;br&gt; 
{{Flagicon|Unitit States}} Gen. [[John R. Allen]] {{Small|(ISAF commander 2011–present)}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] Gen. [[Pervez Musharraf]] {{Small|(umwhile airmy chief)}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] Lt Gen. [[Ahmad Shuja Pasha]] {{Small|(umwhile DG ISI)}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] Gen. [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]] {{Small|(current airmy chief)}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] Lt Gen. [[Zaheerul Islam]] {{Small|(DG ISI)}}    
|commander2=[[File:Flag of Taliban.svg|24px]] [[Mohammed Omar]]&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of Taliban.svg|24px]] [[Baitullah Mehsud]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of Taliban.svg|24px]] [[Mullah]] [[Dadullah]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt; [[Image:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Osama bin Laden]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]&lt;br&gt; [[Image:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Hakimullah Mehsud]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Abu Ayyub al-Masri]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt; [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|24px]] [[Anwar al-Awlaki]] {{KIA}}&lt;br&gt;[[File:Shabab.png|24px]] [[Moktar Ali Zubeyr]]&lt;br&gt;[[File:Shabab.png|24px]] [[Nasir al-Wuhayshi]]&lt;br&gt;[[File:Shabab.png|24px]] [[Abu Musab Abdel Wadoud]]
}}

The '''War on Terror''', cried the '''Global War on Terrorism''' ('''GWOT''') an aa, is a term commonly applied tae an internaitional militar campaign which stairtit as a result o the [[September 11 attacks|11 September 2001 terrorist attacks]] on the Unitit States. This resultit in an internaitional militar campaign tae eliminate [[al-Qaeda]] an ither militant organisations. The Unitit Kinrick an mony ither [[NATO]] an non-NATO naitions sic as Pakistan pairticipate in the conflict.&lt;ref name=&quot;WH 10-07-01&quot;&gt;[[ETA]]
{{cite press release
|publisher=The White House
|date=11 September 2001
|title=Presidential Address to the Nation
|url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/10/print/20011007-8.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:War On Terror}}
[[Category:2000s conflicts]]
[[Category:2010s conflicts]]
[[Category:2003 in Iraq]]
[[Category:2004 in Iraq]]
[[Category:2005 in Iraq]]
[[Category:2006 in Iraq]]
[[Category:2007 in Iraq]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda]]
[[Category:Coonter-terrorism policy o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Coonter-terrorism]]
[[Category:Global conflicts]]
[[Category:21st century in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:21st century in Iraq]]
[[Category:Iraq War]]
[[Category:Taliban]]
[[Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]
[[Category:War on Terror|*]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chamois</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="k8asp0ml6vacb3pqh413bna81vu8g8i" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = Chamois
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{Cite journal | author = Aulagnier, S. | author2 = Giannatos, G. | author3 = Herrero, J. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Rupicapra rupicapra'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2008 | page = e.T39255A10179647 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2008 | url = http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/39255/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39255A10179647.en | access-date = 11 January 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Gämse (Rupicapra rupicapra) Zoo Salzburg 2014 g-crop.jpg
| image_caption = At the [[Salzburg Zoo]]
| taxon = Rupicapra rupicapra
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| display_parents = 2
| synonyms = ''Capra rupicapra'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}
The '''chamois''' (''Rupicapra rupicapra'') is a [[gait-antelope]] [[speshies]] hamelt in muntains in [[Europe]], includin the [[Carpathien Muntains]] o [[Roumainie]], the European [[Alps]], the [[Tatra Muntains]], the [[Balkans]], pairts o [[Turkey]], an the [[Caucasus]]. The chamois haes an aa been introduced tae the [[Sooth Island]] o [[New Zealand]]. Some subspeshies o chamois are strictly pertectit in the EU unner the European [[Habitats Directive]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:HTML Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora at EUR-Lex]&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q131340}}

[[Category:Caprids]]
[[Category:Mammals o Europe]]
[[Category:Mammals o Soothwast Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Roushie]]
[[Category:Fauna o Central Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Italy]]
[[Category:Fauna o Italy]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Invasive animal species in New Zealand]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="2mozf7r98bp01nu7wy1521sftx4nzt9" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = Chamois
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{Cite journal | author = Aulagnier, S. | author2 = Giannatos, G. | author3 = Herrero, J. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Rupicapra rupicapra'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2008 | page = e.T39255A10179647 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2008 | url = http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/39255/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39255A10179647.en | access-date = 11 January 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Gämse (Rupicapra rupicapra) Zoo Salzburg 2014 g-crop.jpg
| image_caption = At the [[Salzburg Zoo]]
| taxon = Rupicapra rupicapra
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| display_parents = 2
| synonyms = ''Capra rupicapra'' {{small|Linnaeus,&amp;nbsp;1758}}
}}
The '''chamois''' (''Rupicapra rupicapra'') is a [[gait-antelope]] [[speshies]] hamelt in muntains in [[Europe]], includin the [[Carpathien Muntains]] o [[Roumainie]], the European [[Alps]], the [[Tatra Muntains]], the [[Balkans]], pairts o [[Turkey]], an the [[Caucasus]]. The chamois haes been introduced tae the [[Sooth Island]] o [[New Zealand]] an aw. Some subspeshies o chamois are strictly pertectit in the EU unner the European [[Habitats Directive]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:HTML Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora at EUR-Lex]&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q131340}}

[[Category:Caprids]]
[[Category:Mammals o Europe]]
[[Category:Mammals o Soothwast Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Roushie]]
[[Category:Fauna o Central Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Italy]]
[[Category:Fauna o Italy]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Invasive animal species in New Zealand]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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    <title>Battle o Gaugamela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3095" sha1="30rgprttqcw1ywvw1am8uoqwfn36vvl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Battle o Gaugamela
| partof      = [[Wars o Alexander the Great]]
| image       = [[Image:Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela).PNG|300px|]]
| caption     = Battle o Gaugamela, Flemish tapestry, first hauf o 18t century
| date        = October 1, 331 BC
| place       = Probably Tel Gomel (Gaugamela) near [[Mosul]], nae far frae [[Irbil]] (Arbela), which is a name o the battle (Battle o Arbela) an aw
| territory   = Alexander wins Babylon, hauf o Persie, pairts o Mesopotamie nae already unner his control an aw
| result      = Decisive Greek victory, Persian militar capabilities are crippled
| combatant1  = [[Hellenic League]]
| combatant2  = [[Achaemenid Empire]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Auncient Greece|Greek]] mercenaries
| commander1  = [[Alexander the Great]]&lt;br&gt; [[Hephaestion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Craterus]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Parmenion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Perdiccas]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Cleitus the Black|Cleitus]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Nearchus]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus]]
| commander2  = [[Darius III]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bessus]]&lt;br /&gt; Mazaeus&lt;br /&gt; [[Orontes II]]{{KIA}} &lt;br /&gt; [[Atropates]]
| strength1   = 47,000&lt;ref name=Moerbeek&gt;Moerbeek (1997) estimates 31,000 phalangites an 9,000 licht infantry.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=estimate&gt; and Warry (1998) estimates a tot size o 91,000, Welman 90,000, Delbrück (1978) 52,000, Thomas Harbottle 120,000,[http://www.lbdb.com/TMDisplayBattle.cfm?BID=94] Engels (1920) and Green (1990) no lairger nor 100,000.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;
| strength2   = 34,000&lt;ref&gt;http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/army-i&lt;/ref&gt;–100,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/alexander.htm Alexander Defeats the Persians, 331 BC], History.com website&lt;/ref&gt; (modren estimates)&lt;br/&gt;250,000–1,000,000 (auncient sources)
| casualties1 = 100 [[infantry]] an 1,000 [[cavalry]] &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Arrian]]); &lt;br&gt;300 infantry &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius Rufus]]); &lt;br&gt;500 infantry &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Diodorus Siculus]])
| casualties2 = 40,000 &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius Rufus]]) &lt;br&gt;47,000 &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae Welman)&lt;ref name=Welman&gt;Welman&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;90,000 &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Diodorus Siculus]]) &lt;br&gt;300,000+ captured &lt;br&gt;(accordin tae [[Arrian]])&lt;ref name=Anabasis&gt;[http://www.iranchamber.com/history/achaemenids/arrian_battle_of_gaugamela.php The Anabasis of Alexander: The Battle of Gaugamela]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
The '''Battle o Gaugamela''' ({{lang-el|Γαυγάμηλα}}) teuk place in 331 BC atween [[Alexander the Great]] an [[Darius III|Darius III o Persie]]. Cried the '''Battle o Arbela''' an aw, it wis a decisive victory for the Macedonians an led tae the faw o the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persie Empire]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.livius.org/articles/battle/gaugamela-331-bce/ &quot;Gaugamela (331 BCE)&quot;], livius.org&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle O Gaugamela}}
[[Category:Battles o Alexander the Great|Gaugamela]]
[[Category:Battles involvin the Achaemenid Empire]]
[[Category:331 BC]]
[[Category:Militar history o Iraq]]
[[Category:Erbil]]
[[Category:330s BC conflicts]]
{{stub/Iraq}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ankh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66879</id>
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      <text bytes="1198" sha1="1p0xh86u4dyk0a4vjhfx7qj5gneuqe9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ankh (SVG) 01.svg|thumb|alt=Ankh|Ankh]]
The '''ankh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|ŋ|k}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|ŋ|k}}; Egyptian {{IPA-sem|*ʕaːnax}}; U+2625 ☥ or U+132F9 𓋹), kent as '''key o life''', '''the key o the Nile''' or '''''crux ansata''''' (Laitin meanin &quot;cross wi a handle&quot;) an aw, wis the auncient [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]ic character that read &quot;life&quot;, a triliteral sign for the consonants [[Ayin|ꜥ]]-[[Nun (letter)|n]]-[[Ḫāʼ|ḫ]].

It represents the concept o eternal life, which is the general meanin o the seembol.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mark|first=Joshua J.|title=The Ankh|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Ankh/|access-date=2023-03-20|website=World History Encyclopedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Egyptian gods are aften portrayed carryin it bi its loop, or bearin ane in each haund, airms crossed ower thair chest.

[[Category:Cross seembols]]
[[Category:Egyptian artefact types]]
[[Category:Egyptian meethologie]]
[[Category:Egyptian wirds an phrases]]
[[Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
[[Category:Auncient Egyptian seembols]]
[[Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs: crowns-dress-staves]]
[[Category:Egyptian hieroglyphs-Gardiner leetit]]
[[Category:Releegious seembols]]
{{stub/Egyp}}</text>
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    <title>University of Saint Andras</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69697</id>
    <redirect title="University o Saunt Aundraes" />
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  <page>
    <title>Cirsium dissectum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927725</id>
      <parentid>817881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T12:55:29Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1069" sha1="q1tcl70zdmk1g22p0oi4mkrhy71olal" xml:space="preserve">{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = CirsiumDissectum.jpg
|genus = Cirsium
|species = dissectum
|authority = (L.) Hill (1768)
}}
'''''Cirsium dissectum''''', kent as '''meadow thristle''' an aw, is an upricht [[Perennial plant|perennial]] yerb. It is fund in [[Ingland]], [[Wales]], [[Ireland]], frae wastren [[Fraunce]] tae the [[Netherlands]], an in [[Germany]]. It grows in fens an the less acidic peat bogs: it likes damp, boggy grund.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Wild Flower Key&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Rose  |title=The Wild Flower Key |year=1981 |publisher=Frederick Warne &amp; Co|isbn=0-7232-2419-6 |pages=382–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The plant grows tae 15–50&amp;nbsp;cm. Its flouer heids are 2 tae 3&amp;nbsp;cm lang, wi dark reid or purpie florets, an it flouers frae Juin tae August.&lt;ref name=d&gt;[http://www.ukwildflowers.com/ Wildflowers of the  British Isles]&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q392283}}

[[Category:Cirsium|dissectum]]
[[Category:Yerbs]]
[[Category:Flora o Europe]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1753]]
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  <page>
    <title>Cochlearia anglica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69926</id>
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{{Taxobox
|image = Cochlearia anglica 01.jpg
|name = ''Cochlearia anglica''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Flouerin plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Brassicales]]
|familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
|genus = ''Cochlearia''
|species = '''''C. anglica'''''
|binomial = ''Cochlearia anglica''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Cochlearia anglica''''' is a species o [[Flouerin plant|flouerin plant]] in the faimily [[Brassicaceae]], kent bi the common names '''Inglis scurvy-gress'''&lt;ref name=BSBI07&gt;{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=https://bsbi.org/download/3542/ |format=xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-format=xls |archive-date=2015-06-26 |access-date=2014-10-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; an '''lang-leaved scurvy-gress'''. It grows on the coasts o Europe, abuin aw in the Breetish Isles. It can be etten, an, as its nem shows, it is rich in vitamin C. It haes spade-shapit leaves an white flouers.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Cochlearia+anglica Plants for a Future page]
*[http://www.ukwildflowers.com/Web_pages/cochlearia_anglica_english_scurvygrass.htm Photo]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q159831}}

[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Flora o the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1759]]
{{stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>University o Siena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>70165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927869</id>
      <parentid>691295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:20:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="1604" sha1="4jfd4tbmw0abobko7sera34yx6xd1wk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox varsity
|name = Varsity o Siena
|native_name = Università di Siena
|latin_name = Universitatis Senarum Studiorum
|image_name = 
|image_size = 
|motto = 
|mottoeng = 
|established = 1240
|type = Public
|endowment =
|faculty = 
|rector = Angelo Riccaboni
|students = 20,000 (2010)
|undergrad = 
|postgrad = 
|doctoral =
|city = [[Siena]]
|state =
|country = [[Italy]]
|campus = Urban
|free_label = Sports teams
|free = [http://www.cussiena.it// Cus Siena]
|affiliations = [[Coimbra Group]]
|website = [http://unisi.it/ unisi.it]
|logo =
}}

The '''University o Siena''' ({{lang-it|Università degli Studi di Siena}}, '''UNISI''') is a [[varsity|university]] locatit in [[Siena]], [[Italy]], foondit in 1240.&lt;ref name=unisi&gt;[http://www.unisi.it/ateneo/storia-dellateneo Storia dell'Ateneo] - Università di Siena&lt;/ref&gt; The University haes aboot 20,000 student in its 15 [[schuils|schuil]].

It haes branch centres in [[Arezzo]], [[Grosseto]], an [[San Giovanni Valdarno]]. It an aa haes a schuil o excellence cried [[Scuola superiore Santa Chiara dell'università di Siena]]. It is recognised as ane o [[Leet o auldest universities in continuous operation|auldest university]] in conteenous operation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[CategoryVarsity o Siena| ]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:University o Siena}}
[[Category:Coimbra Group|Siena]]
[[Category:Varsities in Italy|Siena]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13th century|Siena, Varsity o]]
[[Category:1240 establishments]]
[[Category:Eddication in Siena]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Siena]]
[[Category:Italian inventions]]</text>
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      <id>927870</id>
      <parentid>927869</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:21:18Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="1470" sha1="8cuzr6m9ayfs57gstj6b6af6n1degnd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox varsity
|name = University o Siena
|native_name = Università di Siena
|latin_name = Universitatis Senarum Studiorum
|established = 1240
|type = Public 
|rector = Angelo Riccaboni
|students = 20,000 (2010)
|city = [[Siena]]
|country = Italy
|campus = Urban
|free_label = Sports teams
|free = [http://www.cussiena.it// Cus Siena]
|affiliations = [[Coimbra Group]]
|website = [http://unisi.it/ unisi.it]
}}

The '''University o Siena''' ({{lang-it|Università degli Studi di Siena}}, '''UNISI''') is a [[varsity|university]] locatit in [[Siena]], [[Italy]], foondit in 1240.&lt;ref name=unisi&gt;[http://www.unisi.it/ateneo/storia-dellateneo Storia dell'Ateneo] - Università di Siena&lt;/ref&gt; The University haes aboot 20,000 student in its 15 [[schuils|schuil]].

It haes branch centres in [[Arezzo]], [[Grosseto]], an [[San Giovanni Valdarno]]. It an aa haes a schuil o excellence cried [[Scuola superiore Santa Chiara dell'università di Siena]]. It is recognised as ane o [[Leet o auldest universities in continuous operation|auldest university]] in conteenous operation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[CategoryVarsity o Siena| ]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:University o Siena}}
[[Category:Coimbra Group|Siena]]
[[Category:Varsities in Italy|Siena]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13th century|Siena, Varsity o]]
[[Category:1240 establishments]]
[[Category:Eddication in Siena]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Siena]]
[[Category:Italian inventions]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927871</id>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Varsity o Siena]] til [[University o Siena]]</comment>
      <origin>927870</origin>
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      <text bytes="1470" sha1="8cuzr6m9ayfs57gstj6b6af6n1degnd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox varsity
|name = University o Siena
|native_name = Università di Siena
|latin_name = Universitatis Senarum Studiorum
|established = 1240
|type = Public 
|rector = Angelo Riccaboni
|students = 20,000 (2010)
|city = [[Siena]]
|country = Italy
|campus = Urban
|free_label = Sports teams
|free = [http://www.cussiena.it// Cus Siena]
|affiliations = [[Coimbra Group]]
|website = [http://unisi.it/ unisi.it]
}}

The '''University o Siena''' ({{lang-it|Università degli Studi di Siena}}, '''UNISI''') is a [[varsity|university]] locatit in [[Siena]], [[Italy]], foondit in 1240.&lt;ref name=unisi&gt;[http://www.unisi.it/ateneo/storia-dellateneo Storia dell'Ateneo] - Università di Siena&lt;/ref&gt; The University haes aboot 20,000 student in its 15 [[schuils|schuil]].

It haes branch centres in [[Arezzo]], [[Grosseto]], an [[San Giovanni Valdarno]]. It an aa haes a schuil o excellence cried [[Scuola superiore Santa Chiara dell'università di Siena]]. It is recognised as ane o [[Leet o auldest universities in continuous operation|auldest university]] in conteenous operation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[CategoryVarsity o Siena| ]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:University o Siena}}
[[Category:Coimbra Group|Siena]]
[[Category:Varsities in Italy|Siena]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 13th century|Siena, Varsity o]]
[[Category:1240 establishments]]
[[Category:Eddication in Siena]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Siena]]
[[Category:Italian inventions]]</text>
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    <title>Dachshund</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>70621</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927805</id>
      <parentid>858104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927805</origin>
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      <text bytes="2159" sha1="o35g1aj2yo3v2rs190q7x1h7bza880q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Dogbreed
|name = Dachshund
|image = short-haired-Dachshund.jpg
|image_caption = A reid, smuith, staundart-sized dachshund
|country = [[Germany]]
|life_span = 12.7 years average&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/570|title=Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey|year=2006|publisher=The Kennel Club|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=2013-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813043548/http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/570|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|litter_size = 4–8
| fcigroup = 4
| fcisection = 1
|fcinum = 148
|fcistd = http://web.archive.org/web/20030318113950/http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/148gb99.doc
|akcgroup = Hoond
|akcstd = http://www.akc.org/breeds/recbreeds/dach.cfm
|ankcgroup = Group 4 – (Hoonds)
|ankcstd = [http://dachmwh.html/ miniature wire-haired]
|ckcgroup = Hoonds
|nzkcstd = [http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br428.html long-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br432.html smooth-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br436.html wire-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br440.html miniature long-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br444.html miniature smooth-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br448.html miniature wire-haired]{{dead link|date=October 2011}}
|ukcgroup = Scenthound Breeds
|ukcstd = http://www.ukcdogs.com/breeds/scenthounds/dachshund.std.shtml

|}}
The '''dachshund''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|d|æ|k|s|ən|d}} or {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|d|ɑː|k|s|h|ʊ|n|t}} {{Respell|DAHKS|huunt}} or {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|d|ɑː|k|s|ən|t}};&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dachshund?show=0&amp;t=1325077948 |title=Dachshund - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;) is a short-legged, lang-bodied [[dug breed]] belangin tae the [[hoond]] faimily.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dug breeds]]
[[Category:Companion dugs]]
[[Category:Dug breeds oreeginatin in Germany]]
[[Category:Scent hoonds]]
{{Stub/Canid}}</text>
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    <title>Thomas Aquinas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>927831</id>
      <parentid>918723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:07:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927831</origin>
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      <text bytes="4398" sha1="0q7jmuh7r4ad525i13njmt2a5fn7pkl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saint
|name=Saint Thomas Aquinas&lt;br&gt;OP
|image=Carlo Crivelli 007.jpg
|caption=An altarpiece in [[Ascoli Piceno]], Italy,&lt;br&gt;bi [[Carlo Crivelli]] (15t century)
|feast_day=28 Januar (7 Mairch, till 1969)
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Kirk]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Anglican Communion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lutheranism]]
|titles=Releegious, priest an&lt;br&gt;[[Doctor o the Kirk]]
|birth_date = 28 Januar 1225&lt;ref name=TGI&gt;{{cite book |title=St. Thomas Aquinas Philosophical Texts |url=https://archive.org/details/stthomasaquinasp0000thom_n3c0 |first=Thomas |last=Gilby |year=1951 |place=Oxford Univ. Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|birth_place = [[Roccasecca]], [[Kinrick o Sicily]]
|death_date = 7 Mairch 1274&lt;ref name=TGI/&gt;
|death_place = [[Fossanova Abbey|Fossanova]], [[Papal States]]
|canonized_date= Julie 18, 1323
|canonized_place=[[Avignon]], [[Papal States]],
|canonized_by= [[Pape John XXII]]
|attributes=The ''[[Summa Theologica|Summa theologiae]]'', a model kirk, the sun on the chest o a Dominican friar
|patronage=Academics; against storms; against lichtnin; apologists; Aquino, Italy; [[Belcastro, Italy]]; beuk sellers; Catholic academies, schuils, an varsities; chastity; Falerna, Italy; learnin; pencil makers; filosophers; publishers; scholars; students; Varsity o Sto. Tomas; [[Santo Tomas, Batangas|Sto. Tomas, Batangas]]; theologians.&lt;ref&gt;http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-thomas-aquinas/&lt;/ref&gt;
|major_shrine=[[:fr:Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins|Kirk of the Jacobins]], [[Toulouse]], Fraunce
}}
'''Thomas Aquinas''', [[Member o the Order o Preachers|OP]] ({{IPAc-en||ə|ˈ|k|w|aɪ|n|ə|s}}; 1225 – 7 Mairch 1274), kent as '''Thomas o Aquin''' or '''Aquino''' forby, wis an Italian&lt;ref name=JPC&gt;{{cite book |title=Saint Thomas Aquinas |url=https://archive.org/details/saintthomasaquin00conwuoft |first=John Placid, O.P., Father |last=Conway |year=1911 |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=RBV&gt;{{cite book |title=The Life and Labours of St. Thomas of Aquin: Vol.I |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelaboursofstt0001revr |first=Roger Bede |last=Rev. Vaughan |year=1871 |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[friar]] an [[priesthuid (Catholic Church)|priest]] an an gey influential [[filosopher]] an [[theologian]] in the tradition o [[scholasticism]], athin whilk he is kent as the &quot;''Doctor Angelicus''&quot;, &quot;''Doctor Communis''&quot;, an &quot;''Doctor Universalis''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;See Pius XI, ''Studiorum Ducem'' 11 (29 June 1923), AAS, XV (&quot;non modo Angelicum, sed etiam Communem seu Universalem Ecclesiae Doctorem&quot;). The title ''Doctor Communis'' dates to the fourteenth century; the title ''Doctor Angelicus'' dates to the fifteenth century, see Walz, ''Xenia Thomistica'', III, p. 164 n. 4. [[Tolomeo da Lucca]] writes in ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' (1317): “This man is supreme among modern teachers of philosophy and theology, and indeed in every subject. And such is the common view and opinion, so that nowadays in the University of Paris they call him the ''Doctor Communis'' because of the outstanding clarity of his teaching.” ''Historia Eccles.'' xxiii, c. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas Aquinas}}
[[Category:Thomas Aquinas| ]]
[[Category:1225 births]]
[[Category:1274 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Frosinone]]
[[Category:Members o the Dominican Order]]
[[Category:13t-century Laitin writers]]
[[Category:13t-century filosofers]]
[[Category:Aristotelian filosofers]]
[[Category:Christian apologists]]
[[Category:Divine command theory]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13t-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Empiricists]]
[[Category:Internaitional law scholars]]
[[Category:Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Italian filosofers]]
[[Category:Laitin commentators on Aristotle]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic filosofers]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic theologians]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Scholastic filosofers]]
[[Category:Seestematic theologians]]
[[Category:Varsity o Naples Federico II alumni]]
[[Category:Varsity o Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:Christian ethicists]]
[[Category:Dominican mystics]]
[[Category:Virtue ethicists]]
[[Category:Buirials in Toulouse]]
[[Category:Anglican saunts]]
[[Category:13t-century Christian saunts]]
[[Category:13t-century theologians]]
[[Category:Dominican saunts]]
[[Category:Medieval Italian saunts]]
[[Category:Doctors o the Kirk]]
{{stub/Releegion}}</text>
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      <text bytes="4398" sha1="ew260f2ewdrlygd1itlvz858x1ik8hz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saunt
|name=Saint Thomas Aquinas&lt;br&gt;OP
|image=Carlo Crivelli 007.jpg
|caption=An altarpiece in [[Ascoli Piceno]], Italy,&lt;br&gt;bi [[Carlo Crivelli]] (15t century)
|feast_day=28 Januar (7 Mairch, till 1969)
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Kirk]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Anglican Communion]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lutheranism]]
|titles=Releegious, priest an&lt;br&gt;[[Doctor o the Kirk]]
|birth_date = 28 Januar 1225&lt;ref name=TGI&gt;{{cite book |title=St. Thomas Aquinas Philosophical Texts |url=https://archive.org/details/stthomasaquinasp0000thom_n3c0 |first=Thomas |last=Gilby |year=1951 |place=Oxford Univ. Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|birth_place = [[Roccasecca]], [[Kinrick o Sicily]]
|death_date = 7 Mairch 1274&lt;ref name=TGI/&gt;
|death_place = [[Fossanova Abbey|Fossanova]], [[Papal States]]
|canonized_date= Julie 18, 1323
|canonized_place=[[Avignon]], [[Papal States]],
|canonized_by= [[Pape John XXII]]
|attributes=The ''[[Summa Theologica|Summa theologiae]]'', a model kirk, the sun on the chest o a Dominican friar
|patronage=Academics; against storms; against lichtnin; apologists; Aquino, Italy; [[Belcastro, Italy]]; beuk sellers; Catholic academies, schuils, an varsities; chastity; Falerna, Italy; learnin; pencil makers; filosophers; publishers; scholars; students; Varsity o Sto. Tomas; [[Santo Tomas, Batangas|Sto. Tomas, Batangas]]; theologians.&lt;ref&gt;http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-thomas-aquinas/&lt;/ref&gt;
|major_shrine=[[:fr:Ensemble conventuel des Jacobins|Kirk of the Jacobins]], [[Toulouse]], Fraunce
}}
'''Thomas Aquinas''', [[Member o the Order o Preachers|OP]] ({{IPAc-en||ə|ˈ|k|w|aɪ|n|ə|s}}; 1225 – 7 Mairch 1274), kent as '''Thomas o Aquin''' or '''Aquino''' forby, wis an Italian&lt;ref name=JPC&gt;{{cite book |title=Saint Thomas Aquinas |url=https://archive.org/details/saintthomasaquin00conwuoft |first=John Placid, O.P., Father |last=Conway |year=1911 |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=RBV&gt;{{cite book |title=The Life and Labours of St. Thomas of Aquin: Vol.I |url=https://archive.org/details/lifelaboursofstt0001revr |first=Roger Bede |last=Rev. Vaughan |year=1871 |place=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[friar]] an [[priesthuid (Catholic Church)|priest]] an an gey influential [[filosopher]] an [[theologian]] in the tradition o [[scholasticism]], athin whilk he is kent as the &quot;''Doctor Angelicus''&quot;, &quot;''Doctor Communis''&quot;, an &quot;''Doctor Universalis''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;See Pius XI, ''Studiorum Ducem'' 11 (29 June 1923), AAS, XV (&quot;non modo Angelicum, sed etiam Communem seu Universalem Ecclesiae Doctorem&quot;). The title ''Doctor Communis'' dates to the fourteenth century; the title ''Doctor Angelicus'' dates to the fifteenth century, see Walz, ''Xenia Thomistica'', III, p. 164 n. 4. [[Tolomeo da Lucca]] writes in ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' (1317): “This man is supreme among modern teachers of philosophy and theology, and indeed in every subject. And such is the common view and opinion, so that nowadays in the University of Paris they call him the ''Doctor Communis'' because of the outstanding clarity of his teaching.” ''Historia Eccles.'' xxiii, c. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas Aquinas}}
[[Category:Thomas Aquinas| ]]
[[Category:1225 births]]
[[Category:1274 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Frosinone]]
[[Category:Members o the Dominican Order]]
[[Category:13t-century Laitin writers]]
[[Category:13t-century filosofers]]
[[Category:Aristotelian filosofers]]
[[Category:Christian apologists]]
[[Category:Divine command theory]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:13t-century Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Empiricists]]
[[Category:Internaitional law scholars]]
[[Category:Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Italian filosofers]]
[[Category:Laitin commentators on Aristotle]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic filosofers]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic theologians]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Scholastic filosofers]]
[[Category:Seestematic theologians]]
[[Category:Varsity o Naples Federico II alumni]]
[[Category:Varsity o Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:Christian ethicists]]
[[Category:Dominican mystics]]
[[Category:Virtue ethicists]]
[[Category:Buirials in Toulouse]]
[[Category:Anglican saunts]]
[[Category:13t-century Christian saunts]]
[[Category:13t-century theologians]]
[[Category:Dominican saunts]]
[[Category:Medieval Italian saunts]]
[[Category:Doctors o the Kirk]]
{{stub/Releegion}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Varsity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="591" sha1="sj7iwooa61e2rpcdrcbg18it603wr9o" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1 oxford aerial panorama 2016.jpg|thumb|[[University o Oxford]]]]
[[File:University of Tartu Estonia optimized.jpg|thumb|[[Varsity o Tartu]]]]
A '''varsity''' ([[Laitin]]: &quot;universitas&quot;, &quot;a whole&quot;) is an [[eddicational institution|institution]] o [[heicher eddication]] an [[research]] which grants [[academic degree]]s in a variety o subjects an provides baith [[unnergraduate eddication]] an [[postgraduate eddication]].

[[Category:Eddicational stages]]
[[Category:Heicher eddication]]
[[Category:Types o varsity or college]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges|*]]
[[Category:Youth]]</text>
      <sha1>sj7iwooa61e2rpcdrcbg18it603wr9o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927873</id>
      <parentid>927868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:22:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>927873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="594" sha1="5h8je923c231gasxjpjl552stcenfr7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1 oxford aerial panorama 2016.jpg|thumb|[[University o Oxford]]]]
[[File:University of Tartu Estonia optimized.jpg|thumb|[[University o Tartu]]]]
A '''varsity''' ([[Laitin]]: &quot;universitas&quot;, &quot;a whole&quot;) is an [[eddicational institution|institution]] o [[heicher eddication]] an [[research]] which grants [[academic degree]]s in a variety o subjects an provides baith [[unnergraduate eddication]] an [[postgraduate eddication]].

[[Category:Eddicational stages]]
[[Category:Heicher eddication]]
[[Category:Types o varsity or college]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges|*]]
[[Category:Youth]]</text>
      <sha1>5h8je923c231gasxjpjl552stcenfr7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927916</id>
      <parentid>927873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:42:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="607" sha1="6w888ldr73xlwflo6th5w3iovrovpw3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1 oxford aerial panorama 2016.jpg|thumb|[[University o Oxford]]]]
[[File:University of Tartu Estonia optimized.jpg|thumb|[[University o Tartu]]]]
A '''varsity''' (frae [[Laitin]] ''universitas'', meanin &quot;a whole&quot;) is an [[eddicational institution|institution]] o [[heicher eddication]] an [[research]] which grants [[academic degree]]s in a variety o subjects an provides baith [[unnergraduate eddication]] an [[postgraduate eddication]].

[[Category:Eddicational stages]]
[[Category:Heicher eddication]]
[[Category:Types o varsity or college]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges|*]]
[[Category:Youth]]</text>
      <sha1>6w888ldr73xlwflo6th5w3iovrovpw3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mass</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>72087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927864</id>
      <parentid>880506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:19:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1012" sha1="a6xvv1maeunxktjdza2bj50arg87vxd" xml:space="preserve">In [[physics]], '''mass''' (frae [[Auncient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[:wikt:μᾶζα|μᾶζα]]}} &quot;barley cake, lump [o daich]&quot;) is a property o a [[physical body]] which determines the body's [[Inertia|resistance]] tae bein [[acceleration|acceleratit]] bi a [[force]] an the strength o its mutual [[gravitation]]al attraction wi ither bodies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Bray |first1=Nancy |title=Science |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/information/science_faq.html |website=NASA |access-date=20 March 2023 |date=28 April 2015 |quote=Mass can be understood as a measurement of inertia, the resistance of an object to be set in motion or stopped from motion. |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530095526/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/information/science_faq.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Clessical mechanics]]
[[Category:Mass| ]]
[[Category:Concepts in physics]]
[[Category:State functions]]
{{stub/Science}}</text>
      <sha1>a6xvv1maeunxktjdza2bj50arg87vxd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jimmy Wales</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927773</id>
      <parentid>909322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:31:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927773</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3360" sha1="c91d0kcucnrmqkg7frao13qfuboylzu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|name = Jimmy Wales
|image = Jimmy_Wales_-_August_2019_(cropped).jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|caption = Wales at the Wikimedia Conference 2013 buird meetin
|birth_name = Jimmy Donal Wales
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1966|8|7}}
|birth_place = [[Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville]], [[Alabama]], Unitit States
|other_names = Jimbo
|spouse = {{ubl|Pamela Green|(m. 1986, div)|Christine Rohan|(m. 1997, div)|[[Kate Garvey]]|(m. 2012)}}
|alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Auburn Varsity]]|[[Varsity o Alabama]]|[[Indiana Varsity Bloomington]]}}
|occupation = [[Internet entrepreneur]], umwhile a [[Trader (finance)|financial trader]]
|boards = {{ubl|[[Wikimedia Foondation]]|[[Creative Commons]]|[[Sunlight Foundation]]|(advisory buird)|[[MIT Center for Collective Intelligence]]|(advisory board)}}
|title= {{ubl|Preses o [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]]|(2004–present)|Chairman o [[Wikimedia Foondation]]|(2003–2006)|Chairman Emeritus, [[Wikimedia Foondation]]|(2006–present)}}
|successor = [[Florence Devouard]]
|residence = [[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]], Unitit Kinrick&lt;ref name=hough&gt;{{cite news|last=Hough|first=Stephen|title=Jimmy Wales: Wikipedia chief to advise Whitehall on policy|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9137339/Jimmy-Wales-Wikipedia-chief-to-advise-Whitehall-on-policy.html|accessdate=30 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=March 11, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|website = {{URL|https://jimmywales.com}}
}}

'''Jimmy Donal''' &quot;'''Jimbo'''&quot; '''Wales''' ({{IPAc-en|'|dʒ|ɪ|m|i|_|ˈ|d|oʊ|n|əl|_|ˈ|w|eɪ|l|z}}; born 7 August 1966) is an American [[Internet entrepreneur]] best kent as the co-foonder an promoter o the online non-profit encyclopaedie [[Wikipaedia]] an the for-profit [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]] wab-hostin company.&lt;ref name='WMF PR 2004-04-25'&gt;{{cite web|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_press_releases/500,000_Wikipedia_articles&amp;oldid=473206|title=Wikipedia: 50 languages, 1/2 million articles|accessdate=April 10, 2009|date=April 25, 2004|work=Wikimedia Foundation Press Release|publisher=[[Wikimedia Foondation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Economist2008&quot;&gt;{{cite news
|title=Brain scan: The free-knowledge fundamentalist
|url=https://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11484062
|work=The Economist
|date= June 5, 2008
|accessdate=June 9, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wales, Jimmy}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:American bloggers]]
[[Category:American businessfowk]]
[[Category:American libertarians]]
[[Category:Ashoka USA Fellaes-2010]]
[[Category:Auburn Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Berkman Fellaes]]
[[Category:Indiana Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Objectivists]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Huntsville, Alabama]]
[[Category:Fowk frae St. Petersburg, Florida]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize]]
[[Category:WEF YGL honorees]]
[[Category:Fandom (wabsteid)]]
[[Category:Wikimedia Foondation]]
[[Category:Wikimedia Foondation fowk]]
[[Category:American expatriates in the Unitit Kinrick]]
[[Category:Wikipaedia fowk]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:Members o the Creative Commons Buird o Directors]]
[[Category:American technology company foonders]]
[[Category:UNESCO Niels Bohr Medal recipients]]
[[Category:Internet Haw o Fame]]
[[Category:Creetics o alternative medicine]]

{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>c91d0kcucnrmqkg7frao13qfuboylzu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wiki</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73819</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927772</id>
      <parentid>837910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:31:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927772</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="730" sha1="o9nbi0epj16cpfqnvkmi1b70t3chwju" xml:space="preserve">A '''wiki''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-wiki.ogg|ˈ|w|ɪ|k|i}} {{respell|WIK|ee}}) is uisually a [[wab application]] which allaes fowk tae add, modify, or delete content in [[Collaborative saftware|collaboration]] wi ithers. The nem comes frae the [[Hawaiian leid|Hawaiian]] wird ''wiki'', meanin &quot;quick&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-06-06 |title=Wiki {{!}} Definition &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/wiki |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wikis| ]]
[[Category:Hawaiian wirds an phrases]]
[[Category:Human–computer interaction]]
[[Category:Hypertext]]
[[Category:Self-organization]]
[[Category:Social information processin]]</text>
      <sha1>o9nbi0epj16cpfqnvkmi1b70t3chwju</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>University of St Andrews</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74393</id>
    <redirect title="University o Saunt Aundraes" />
    <revision>
      <id>927893</id>
      <parentid>791157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:27:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>2526</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[University o Saunt Aundraes]]</comment>
      <origin>927893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="9cfq7y82kbhfv4sntiabnfsfnq4uov9" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Saunt Aundraes]]</text>
      <sha1>9cfq7y82kbhfv4sntiabnfsfnq4uov9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scraibster</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>74808</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927744</id>
      <parentid>876930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1137" sha1="b43jz1njwtgt16lf2t2ynf2klo1ijpa" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Scrabster2009-2.jpg|thumb|Scraibster Harbour]]
'''Scraibster''' ({{lang-gd|Sgrabastair/Sgrabstal}})&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=1142 |title=Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland |access-date=2014-05-18 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020412/http://www.gaelicplacenames.org/databasedetails.php?id=1142 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a sma settlement on [[Thursa Bay]] in [[Caithness]], on the north coast o [[Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scrabster from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst9371.html|access-date=2023-01-23|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its harbour is an important port for the Scots fishin industry, an ferries sail frae it tae [[Strumnis]] in [[Orkney]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|58|36|35|N|3|33|09|W|region:GB_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Caithness]]
[[Category:Fishin commonties in Scotland]]
[[Category:Enterprise auries o Scotland]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
      <sha1>b43jz1njwtgt16lf2t2ynf2klo1ijpa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munjeong-dong</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75320</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927734</id>
      <parentid>834430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:13:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2398" sha1="2f5ffkwxo1vkmltpbt6pqpsay51i9o2" xml:space="preserve">{{Otherplaces}}
{{Infobox Korean settlement
| title           = Munjeong-dong   
| img             = 
| imgcaption      = 
| hangul          = {{linktext|문|정|동}}
| hanja           = {{linktext|文|井|洞}}
| rr              = Munjeong-dong
| mr              = Munchŏng-tong
| area_km2        = 2.76
| pop             = 39813
| popnote         = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.board.BoardApp&amp;c=4002&amp;list_id=AG0406001000&amp;seq=41871&amp;file_yn=Y&amp;comment_yn=y&amp;cate_id=AG0307001000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913144243/http://songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.board.BoardApp&amp;c=4002&amp;list_id=AG0406001000&amp;seq=41871&amp;file_yn=Y&amp;comment_yn=y&amp;cate_id=AG0307001000 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popyear         = 2013
| popden_km2      = 
| popdennote      = 
| divs            = 
| map             = Munjeongdong-songpagu.png
|mapcaption       = 
}}

'''Munjeong''' is a neebourheid, ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'' o [[Songpa-gu]], [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;encyber&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=732242&amp;contentno=732242 |title=문정동 (Munjeong-dong 文井洞) |publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia |accessdate=2008-04-15 |language=Korean }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Songpa-gu office&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.menu.MenuApp&amp;c=1001&amp;cate_id=BC0801002000_2_|title=The origin of the name and timetable of ''Munjeong-dong'' (동명 유래/연혁)|publisher=Munjeong-dong resident center|accessdate=2008-04-15|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Transportation ==
* [[Munjeong Station]] o {{SMS line links|s08}}

==See an aw==
*[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{ko}} [http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.menu.MenuApp&amp;cate_id=BC0800000000 Munjeong resident center wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.songpa.go.kr/english/contents/010302.jsp# Songpa-gu map]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Songpa-gu|state=expanded}}

{{coord missing|Sooth Korea}}

{{Stub/Sooth Korea}}
[[Category:Neebourheids o Songpa-gu]]</text>
      <sha1>2f5ffkwxo1vkmltpbt6pqpsay51i9o2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927827</id>
      <parentid>927734</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:05:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2272" sha1="d8ju7iecbml1bhvqknoqvrkwc4zc0xj" xml:space="preserve">{{Otherplaces}}
{{Infobox Korean settlement
| title           = Munjeong-dong   
| hangul          = {{linktext|문|정|동}}
| hanja           = {{linktext|文|井|洞}}
| rr              = Munjeong-dong
| mr              = Munchŏng-tong
| area_km2        = 2.76
| pop             = 39813
| popnote         = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.board.BoardApp&amp;c=4002&amp;list_id=AG0406001000&amp;seq=41871&amp;file_yn=Y&amp;comment_yn=y&amp;cate_id=AG0307001000 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913144243/http://songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.board.BoardApp&amp;c=4002&amp;list_id=AG0406001000&amp;seq=41871&amp;file_yn=Y&amp;comment_yn=y&amp;cate_id=AG0307001000 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| popyear         = 2013
| map             = Munjeongdong-songpagu.png
}}

'''Munjeong''' is a neebourheid, ''[[dong (neebourheid)|dong]]'' o [[Songpa-gu]], [[Seoul]], [[Sooth Korea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;encyber&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=732242&amp;contentno=732242 |title=문정동 (Munjeong-dong 文井洞) |publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia |accessdate=2008-04-15 |language=Korean }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Songpa-gu office&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.menu.MenuApp&amp;c=1001&amp;cate_id=BC0801002000_2_|title=The origin of the name and timetable of ''Munjeong-dong'' (동명 유래/연혁)|publisher=Munjeong-dong resident center|accessdate=2008-04-15|language=Korean}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Transportation ==
* [[Munjeong Station]] o {{SMS line links|s08}}

==See an aw==
*[[Admeenistrative diveesions o Sooth Korea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{ko}} [http://www.songpa.go.kr/user.kdf?a=songpa.menu.MenuApp&amp;cate_id=BC0800000000 Munjeong resident center wabsteid]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.songpa.go.kr/english/contents/010302.jsp# Songpa-gu map]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Songpa-gu|state=expanded}}

{{coord missing|Sooth Korea}}

{{Stub/Sooth Korea}}
[[Category:Neebourheids o Songpa-gu]]</text>
      <sha1>d8ju7iecbml1bhvqknoqvrkwc4zc0xj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cicada</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927813</id>
      <parentid>908038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:56:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1415" sha1="ttm5qum9h9qrnny38iuxn88mb6aofpn" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name              = Cicada
| image             = Neotibicen linnei.jpg
| image_caption     = Annual cicada, ''[[Tibicen linnei]]''
| image2            = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption    = Cryin sang o ''[[Magicicada cassini]]''
| regnum            = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum            = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis           = [[Insect]]a
| ordo              = [[Hemiptera]]
| subordo           = [[Auchenorrhyncha]]
| infraordo         = [[Cicadomorpha]]
| superfamilia      = [[Cicadoidea]]
| familia           = '''Cicadidae'''
| familia_authority = [[John Obadiah Westwood|Westwood]], 1840
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilies]]
| subdivision       = [[Cicadinae]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tibiceninae]]&lt;br /&gt;Cicadettinae&lt;br /&gt;Tettigadinae&lt;br /&gt;See an aa airticle text.}}
'''Cicadas''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|k|ɑː|d|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|k|eɪ|d|ə}}), alternatively spelt '''Cicala''' or '''Cicale''', ar [[insect]]s in the order [[Hemiptera]], suborder [[Auchenorrhyncha]] (which wis umwhile includit in the nou invalid suborder [[Homoptera]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cicadas| ]]
[[Category:Auchenorrhyncha]]
[[Category:Insects as fuid]]
{{stub/Insect}}</text>
      <sha1>ttm5qum9h9qrnny38iuxn88mb6aofpn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>San Luis, Antioquia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>79836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927934</id>
      <parentid>645721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T19:08:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{unsoorced}}, addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2193" sha1="ricqsumxoo0ke7i6gd73ljod89qc34p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|name          = San Luis
|native_name             =
|nickname               = 
|motto                  = 
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 
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|image_flag             = 
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|image_map              = Colombia - Antioquia - San Luis.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location o the municipality an toun o San Luis in the Antioquia Depairtment o Colombie
|pushpin_map            = 
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption        =Location in Colombie
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Colombie}}
|subdivision_type1       =[[depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Antioquia]]
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|utc_offset             = -5
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|utc_offset_DST         = 
|elevation_m            =
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|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}{{Unsoorced}}
'''San Luis''' is a toun an [[municipality]] in the [[Colombie]] [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Antioquia]]. Pairt o the subregion o [[Eastren Antioquia]].
{{Stub/SoothAmericae}}{{Antioquia}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Antioquia]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Antioquia]]</text>
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|name          = San Luis
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|nickname               = 
|motto                  = 
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 
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|image_map              = Colombia - Antioquia - San Luis.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location o the municipality an toun o San Luis in the Antioquia Depairtment o Colombie
|pushpin_map            = 
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption        =Location in Colombie
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Colombie}}
|subdivision_type1       =[[depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Antioquia]]
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|coordinates            = {{coord|6|2|32|N|74|59|36|W|display=inline}}
|timezone               = Colombie Staundart Time
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|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           = 
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}{{Unsoorced}}
'''San Luis''' is a toun an [[municipality]] in the [[Colombie]] [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Antioquia]]. Pairt o the subregion o [[Eastren Antioquia]].
{{Stub/Colombie}}{{Antioquia}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Antioquia]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Antioquia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1044" sha1="tudbceatqj3kwtybmv3kvvqkd53cikc" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name          = San Luis
|settlement_type        = [[Municipalities o Colombie|Municipality]] an toun
|image_map              = Colombia - Antioquia - San Luis.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location o the municipality an toun o San Luis in the Antioquia Depairtment o Colombie
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption        =Location in Colombie
|subdivision_type       = Kintra
|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Colombie}}
|subdivision_type1       =[[depairtments o Colombie|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Antioquia]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|6|2|32|N|74|59|36|W|display=inline}}
|timezone               = Colombie Staundart Time
|utc_offset             = -5
}}
'''San Luis''' is a toun an [[municipality]] in the [[Colombie]] [[Depairtments o Colombie|depairtment]] o [[Antioquia]]. Pairt o the subregion o [[Eastren Antioquia]].
{{Stub/Colombie}}{{Antioquia}}

[[Category:Municipalities o Antioquia]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Antioquia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sodium carbonate</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927778</id>
      <parentid>914419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:33:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927778</origin>
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      <text bytes="9398" sha1="75ui7rsdt33h2sk6rcbos9yb2tvseqd" xml:space="preserve">{{chembox
| Watchedfields = chynged
| verifiedrevid = 464362057
| Name = Sodium carbonate
| ImageFileL1 = Sodium carbonate.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 80px
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula o sodium carbonate
| ImageFileR1 = Sodium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF-C.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 120px
| ImageNameR1 = Space-fillin model o sodium carbonate
| ImageFile2 = Uhličitan sodný.JPG
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| ImageName2 = Sample o sodium carbonate
| IUPACName = Sodium carbonate
| OtherNames = Soda ash, Washin soda, Soda crystals
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 497-19-8
| CASNo_Comment = (anhydrous)
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
| CASNo1 = 5968-11-6
| CASNo1_Comment = (monohydrate)
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite}}
| CASNo2 = 6132-02-1
| CASNo2_Comment = (decahydrate)
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite}}
| ChEMBL = 186314
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| PubChem = 10340
| PubChem_Ref = {{pubchemcite}}
| ChemSpiderID = 9916
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| RTECS = VZ4050000
| EC-number = 207-838-8
| UNII = 45P3261C7T
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| InChI = 1/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| InChIKey = CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-NUQVWONBAP
| ChEBI = 29377
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| SMILES = [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| MolarMass = 105.9888 g/mol
| Appearance = White solid, [[hygroscopic]]
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = 2.54 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (25 °C, anhydrous)&lt;br&gt; 1.92 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (856 °C)&lt;br&gt; 2.25 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (monohydrate)&lt;ref name=cod /&gt;&lt;br&gt; 1.51 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (heptahydrate)&lt;br&gt; 1.46 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (decahydrate)&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;
| Solubility = Decahydrate:&lt;br&gt; 7 g/100 mL (0 °C)&lt;br&gt; 16.4 g/100 mL (15 °C)&lt;br&gt; 34.07 g/100 mL (27.8 °C)&lt;br&gt; Heptahydrate:&lt;br&gt; 48.69 g/100 mL (34.8 °C)&lt;br&gt; Monohydrate:&lt;br&gt; 50.31 g/100 mL (29.9 °C)&lt;br&gt; 48.1 g/100 mL (41.9 °C)&lt;br&gt; 45.62 g/100 mL (60 °C)&lt;br&gt; 43.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)&lt;ref name=sioc&gt;{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1919|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|url = https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog|publisher = D. Van Nostrand Company|place = [[New York]]|edition = 2nd|page = [https://archive.org/details/solubilitiesino01seidgoog/page/n658 633]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| SolubleOther = Soluble in aq. [[alkali]]s,&lt;ref name=sioc /&gt; [[glycerol]]&lt;br&gt; Slichtly soluble in aq. [[alcohol]]&lt;br&gt; Insoluble in [[carbon disulfide|CS&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]], [[acetone]], alkyl [[acetate]]s, alcohol, [[benzonitrile]], liquid [[ammonia]]&lt;ref name=doc00&gt;{{cite book|title = A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic|url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchem00comerich|edition = 2nd|first = Arthur Messinger|last = Comey|first2 = Dorothy A.|last2 = Hahn|place = New York|publisher = The MacMillan Company|date = 1921-02|page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofchem00comerich/page/208 208]–209}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Solubility1 = 98.3 g/100 g (15.5 °C)&lt;ref name=doc00 /&gt;
| Solvent1 = glycerine
| Solubility2 = 3.46 g/100 g (20 °C)&lt;ref name=chemister /&gt;
| Solvent2 = ethanediol
| Solubility3 = 0.5 g/kg&lt;ref name=chemister /&gt;
| Solvent3 = dimethylformamide
| MeltingPtC = 851
| Melting_notes = &lt;br&gt; decompones (anhydrous)&lt;br&gt; {{convert|100|C|F K}}&lt;br&gt; decompones (monohydrate)&lt;br&gt; {{convert|33.5|C|F K}}&lt;br&gt; decompones (heptahydrate)&lt;br&gt; {{convert|34|C|F K}}&lt;br&gt; (decahydrate)&lt;ref name=crc&gt;{{CRC90}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=pphoic&gt;{{cite book|last = Pradyot|first = Patnaik|year = 2003|title = Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals|url = https://archive.org/details/Handbook_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_Patnaik|publisher = The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|isbn = 0-07-049439-8|page = [https://archive.org/details/Handbook_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_Patnaik/page/861 861]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| pKb = 3.67
| RefractIndex = 1.485 (anhydrous)&lt;br&gt; 1.420 (monohydrate)&lt;ref name=pphoic /&gt;&lt;br&gt; 1.405 (decahydrate)
| MagSus = −4.1·10&lt;sup&gt;−5&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/mol&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;
| Viscosity = 3.4 cP (887 °C)&lt;ref name=chemister /&gt;
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[Monoclinic]] (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)&lt;ref name=scr&gt;{{cite journal|title = Sodium carbonate revisited|first1 = Michal|last1 = Dusek|first2 = Gervais|last2 = Chapuis|first3 = Mathias|last3 = Meyer|first4 = Vaclav|last4 = Petricek|journal = [[Acta Crystallographica Section B]]|url = http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82110/files/publ_03_dusek_a.pdf|issn = 0108-7681|year = 2003|volume = 59|issue = 3|publisher = International Union of Crystallography|accessdate = 2014-07-25|pages = 337–352|doi = 10.1107/S0108768103009017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; [[Orthorhombic]] (monohydrate, heptahydrate)&lt;ref name=cod&gt;{{cite journal|title = Crystal Structure of Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate, Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O|first = J.P|last = Harper|journal = Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials|url = http://www.crystallography.net/1011295.html|publisher = De Gruyter|issn = 2196-7105|accessdate = 2014-07-25|pages = 266–273|year = 1936|volume = 95|issue = 1|doi = 10.1524/zkri.1936.95.1.266|editor-last1 = Antipov|editor-first1 = Evgeny|editor-last2 = Bismayer|editor-first2 = Ulrich|editor-last3 = Huppertz|editor-first3 = Hubert|editor-last4 = Petrícek|editor-first4 = Václav|editor-last5 = Pöttgen|editor-first5 = Rainer|editor-last6 = Schmahl|editor-first6 = Wolfgang|editor-last7 = Tiekink|editor-first7 = E.R.T.|editor-last8 = Zou|editor-first8 = Xiaodong|archive-date = 2014-07-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140728121658/http://www.crystallography.net/1011295.html|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=7h2o&gt;{{cite journal|title = Sodium Carbonate Heptahydrate|first1 = C.|last1 = Betzel|first2 = W.|last2 = Saenger|first3 = D.|last3 = Loewus|journal = Acta Crystallographica Section B|publisher = International Union of Crystallography|pages = 2802-2804|year = 1982|volume = 38|issue = 11|doi = 10.1107/S0567740882009996}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| SpaceGroup = C2/m, No. 12 (γ-form, anhydrous, 170&amp;nbsp;K)&lt;br&gt; C2/m, No. 12 (β-form, anhydrous, 628&amp;nbsp;K)&lt;br&gt; P2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;/n, No. 14 (δ-form, anhydrous, 110&amp;nbsp;K)&lt;ref name=scr /&gt;&lt;br&gt; Pca2&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, No. 29 (monohydrate)&lt;ref name=cod /&gt;&lt;br&gt; Pbca, No. 61 (heptahydrate)&lt;ref name=7h2o /&gt;
| PointGroup = 2/m (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous)&lt;ref name=scr /&gt;&lt;br&gt; mm2 (monohydrate)&lt;ref name=cod /&gt;&lt;br&gt; 2/m 2/m 2/m (heptahydrate)&lt;ref name=7h2o /&gt;
| LattConst_a = 8.920(7)&amp;nbsp;Å
| LattConst_b = 5.245(5)&amp;nbsp;Å
| LattConst_c = 6.050(5)&amp;nbsp;Å (γ-form, anhydrous, 295&amp;nbsp;K)&lt;ref name=scr /&gt;
| LattConst_beta = 101.35(8)
| Coordination = Octahedral (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, anhydrous)
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −1130.7 kJ/mol&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;&lt;ref name=chemister&gt;{{cite web|last = Anatolievich|first = Kiper Ruslan|website = http://chemister.ru|url = http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&amp;id=66|title = sodium carbonate|accessdate = 2014-07-25|archive-date = 2014-05-06|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140506120410/http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&amp;id=66|url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Entropy = 135 J/mol·K&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;
| DeltaGf = −1044.4 kJ/mol&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;
| HeatCapacity = 112.3 J/mol·K&lt;ref name=crc /&gt;
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/msdsfiles/msdssodiumcarb.htm#Material MSDS]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}&lt;ref name=&quot;sigma&quot;&gt;{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=451614|name=Sodium carbonate|accessdate=2014-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|319}}&lt;ref name=&quot;sigma&quot; /&gt;
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|305+351+338}}&lt;ref name=&quot;sigma&quot; /&gt;
| EUIndex = 011-005-00-2
| EUClass = {{Hazchem Xi}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA_Ref = &lt;ref name=css&gt;{{cite web|title = Material Safety Data Sheet – Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous|url = http://www.conservationsupportsystems.com/system/assets/msds/sodium_carbonate_msds.pdf|website = http://www.conservationsupportsystems.com|publisher = ConservationSupportSystems|accessdate = 2014-07-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| RPhrases = {{R36}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S22}}, {{S26}}
| LD50 = 4090 mg/kg (rat, oral) &lt;ref&gt;http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/497-19-8&lt;/ref&gt;
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Sodium bicarbonate]]
| OtherCations = [[Lithium carbonate]]&lt;br&gt; [[Potassium carbonate]]&lt;br&gt; [[Rubidium carbonate]]&lt;br&gt; [[Caesium carbonate]]
| OtherCompounds = [[Sodium sesquicarbonate]]&lt;br&gt; [[Sodium percarbonate]]
  }}
}}
'''Sodium carbonate''' (kent as '''washin soda''', '''soda ash''' an '''soda crystals''' an aw),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/soda-ash-statistics-and-information|title=Soda Ash Statistics and Information|publisher=United States Geographical Survey|access-date=2024-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, is a [[sodium]] [[saut (chemistry)|saut]] o [[carbonic acid]] (soluble in watter).&lt;ref name=sioc /&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodium Carbonate}}
[[Category:Caurbonates]]
[[Category:Hoosehaud chemicals]]
[[Category:Photografic chemicals]]
[[Category:Sodium compoonds]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Domestic pig</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927776</id>
      <parentid>922928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:32:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927776</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3035" sha1="gogxsb435n1qk39cmgf8has1rt6d8kw" xml:space="preserve">{{subspeciesbox
 | name                = Domestic pig
 | status              = DOM
 | image               = Sow with piglet.jpg
 | image_caption       = Female (sou) breistfeedin piglet
 | genus               = Sus
 | species             = scrofa
 | species_link        = Wild boar
 | subspecies          = domesticus
 | authority           = [[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777
 | synonyms_ref        = &lt;ref name=&quot;groves&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|author=Colin P. Groves |year=1995 |title=On the nomenclature of domestic animals |journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=137&amp;ndash;141 |doi= 10.5962/bhl.part.6749|url=http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/J%20Arch%20Sci.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408044739/http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/J%20Arch%20Sci.pdf |archivedate= 8 April 2011 |df= }} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12338062 Biodiversity Heritage Library]&lt;/ref&gt;
 | synonyms            = 
*''Sus domesticus'' &lt;small&gt;Erxleben, 1777&lt;/small&gt;
}}
The '''domestic pig''' ('''''Sus scrofa domesticus''''' or '''''Sus domesticus'''''), whiles cried '''swine''' or '''hog''', is a muckle, [[even-taed ungulate]]; it is considered a subspecies o the [[wild boar]] or a distinct species.&lt;ref name=&quot;gentry&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gentry |first1=Anthea |last2=Clutton-Brock |first2=Juliet |last3=Colin P. Groves |year=2004 |title=The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives |url=http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/J%20Arch%20Sci.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Archaeological Science]] |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=645–651 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006 |bibcode=2004JArSc..31..645G |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408044739/http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/J%20Arch%20Sci.pdf |archive-date=8 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It wis domesticatit frae the wild boar in the Near East, in or aroon the basin o the Tigris.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ottoni |first1=C |last2=Flink |first2=LG. |last3=Evin |first3=A. |last4=Geörg |first4=C. |last5=De Cupere |first5=B. |last6=Van Neer |first6=W. |last7=Bartosiewicz |first7=L. |last8=Linderholm |first8=A. |last9=Barnett |first9=R. |last10=Peters |first10=J |last11=Decorte |first11=R. |display-authors=6 |year=2013 |title=Pig Domestication and Human-Mediated Dispersal in Western Eurasia Revealed through Ancient DNA and Geometric Morphometrics |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=824–32 |doi=10.1093/molbev/mss261 |pmc=3603306 |pmid=23180578 |quote=our data suggest a narrative that begins with the domestication of pigs in Southwest Asia, at Upper Tigris sites including Çayönü Tepesi (Ervynck et al. 2001) and possibly Upper Euphrates sites including Cafer Höyük (Helmer 2008) and Nevalı Çori (Peters et al. 2005) }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q787|from2=Q15896091}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Domestic Pig}}
[[Category:Domestic pigs| ]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Fermstockin]]
[[Category:Pork]]
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    <title>Pig</title>
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      <text bytes="3356" sha1="nknyun1lxsy5x40b88u72g3ra8eawij" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Pig
| fossil_range = [[Early Pleistocene]] tae recent
| image = Sus Barbatus, the Bornean Bearded Pig (12616351323).jpg
| image_caption = [[Bornean beardit pig]] at the [[Lunnon Zoo]].
| taxon = Sus
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
*See text
}}
A '''pig''' is ony o the ainimals in the [[genus]] '''''Sus''''', within the [[even-taed ungulate]] [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Suidae]]. Pigs include the [[domestic pig]] an its auncestor, the common Eurasie [[wild boar]] (''[[Sus scrofa]]''), alang wi ither species; relatit craiturs ootside the genus include the [[peccary]], the [[babirusa]], an the [[Common warthog|warthog]]. Pigs, lik aw [[Suidae|suids]], are hamelt in the [[Auld Warld|Eurasian an African continents]]. Juvenile pigs are kent as piglets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/piglet |title=Piglet - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=31 August 2012 |accessdate=15 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pigs are heichly social an intelligent ainimals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Pigs Prove to Be Smart, if Not Vain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/10/science/10angier.html | work=The New York Times | first=Natalie|last=Angier|date=10 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wi aroond 1 billion individuals alive at ony time, the [[domestic pig]] is amang the maist populous muckle mammals in the warld.&lt;ref name=&quot;PSD Online - Custom Query&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdQuery.aspx|title=PSD Online - Custom Query|work=usda.gov|access-date=2018-02-13|archive-date=2010-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018161749/http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdQuery.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Swine Summary Selected Countries&quot;&gt;[http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdReport.aspx?hidReportRetrievalName=Swine+Summary+Selected+Countries&amp;hidReportRetrievalID=1649&amp;hidReportRetrievalTemplateID=7 Swine Summary Selected Countries] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329181120/http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdReport.aspx?hidReportRetrievalName=Swine+Summary+Selected+Countries&amp;hidReportRetrievalID=1649&amp;hidReportRetrievalTemplateID=7 |date=2012-03-29 }}, United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, (total number is Production (Pig Crop) plus Total Beginning Stocks)&lt;/ref&gt; Pigs are [[omnivore]]s an can consume a wide range o fuid.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://prezi.com/-hqscyhayi5x/pig-and-human-digestive-system/|title=Pig And Human Digestive System|work=prezi.com|accessdate=15 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biologically, pigs are verra seemilar tae humans, sicweys are frequently uised for human medical resairch.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/05/09/why-pigs-are-so-valuable-for-medical-research.html|title=Why pigs are so valuable for medical research|author=Loren Grush|work=Fox News|accessdate=15 April 2016|archive-date=2018-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806170657/http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/05/09/why-pigs-are-so-valuable-for-medical-research.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Pig and Piglets 2 (4265750034).jpg|left|thumb]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Pigs| ]]
[[Category:Coprophagous ainimals]]
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  <page>
    <title>Giraffe</title>
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| name = Giraffe&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Artiodactyla |id= 14200476 |page= 672 |heading= ''Giraffa camelopardalis''}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|status=VU
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref=&lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{IUCN2015.2|assessors=Muller, Z., Bercovitch, F., Fennessy, J., Brown, D., Brand, R., Brown, M., Bolger, D., Carter, K., Deacon, F., Doherty, J., Fennessy, S., Hussein, A.A., Lee, D., Marais, A., Strauss, M., Tutchings, A. &amp; Wube, T.|year=2016|id=9194|title=Giraffa camelopardalis|downloaded=2016-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Giraffe Mikumi National Park.jpg
| image_caption = A [[Masai giraffe]] in [[Mikumi Naitional Pairk]], [[Tanzanie|Tanzania]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
| familia = [[Giraffidae]]
| genus = ''[[Giraffa]]''
| range_map=Giraffa camelopardalis distribution.svg
| range_map_caption=Range cairt o the giraffe dividit bi subspecies.
| species = '''''G. camelopardalis'''''
| binomial = ''Giraffa camelopardalis''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
| subdivision = 9, see [[#Subspecies|text]]
}}
The '''giraffe''' (''Giraffa camelopardalis'') is an African [[even-taed ungulate]] [[mammal]], the tawest livin terrestrial animal an the biggest ruminant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Giraffe |url=https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/giraffe |website=San Diego Zoo Animals &amp; Plants |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Giraffes]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Fauna o East Africae]]
[[Category:Fauna o Wast Africae]]
[[Category:Fauna o Central Africae]]
[[Category:Fauna o Soothren Africae]]
[[Category:Yerbivorous ainimals]]
[[Category:Mammals o Africae]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Africae]]
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    <title>Morazán, El Progreso</title>
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      <text bytes="1911" sha1="otsqxio0hixcne3d2a58bt4eh1zx85n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Morazán
|image_size = 300px
|pushpin_map = Guatemala
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Guatemala.svg|25px]] [[Guatemala]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Depairtments o Guatemala|Depairtment]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Image:Flag of El Progreso Department.svg|25px]] [[El Progreso Depairtment|El Progreso]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Miguel Ángel Arriaza
|unit_pref = Metric
|coordinates = {{coord|14|55|58|N|90|08|35|W|region:GT|display=inline}}
|blank_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate clessification|Climate]]
|blank_info_sec1 = Aw
}}
'''Morazán''' ({{IPA-es|moɾaˈsan}}) is a [[municipality]] in the [[El Progreso Depairtment]] o [[Guatemala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.eleconomista.net/economia/Guatemala-Canicula-afectara-a-agricultores-de-tres-regiones-20170721-0130.html|title=Guatemala: Canícula afectará a agricultores de tres regiones|first=Carlos|last=Álvarez|work=ElEconomista.net|date=21 July 2017|access-date=28 February 2026|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Morazán is 349.5 m abuin [[sea level]], an its laund covers 329&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Fermin is the main trade, an a guid pairt o the fowk wirk fields that belang tae their faimilies.

A festival, the &quot;Feria del pueblo&quot;, is held ilka year frae 22 tae 26 December.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=es&amp;u=http://www.inforpressca.com/morazan/&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=translate&amp;resnum=5&amp;ct=result&amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3DMoraz%25C3%25A1n,%2Bguatemala%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGGL,GGGL:2007-39,GGGL:en Morazán Municipality]{{dead link|date=March 2026}}

{{El Progreso Depairtment}}

{{coord|14.9328|N|90.1431|W|source:kolossus-itwiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morazan, El Progreso}}
[[Category:Municipalities o the El Progreso Depairtment]]
[[Category:Populatit places in the El Progreso Depairtment]]</text>
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    <title>Aishwarya Rai Bachchan</title>
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      <text bytes="3729" sha1="r722xsv6md7vq9uusiosxydi77b4pos" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
|native_name = ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯಾ ರೈ ಬಚ್ಚನ್
|native_name_lang = TU
|image       = AishwaryaRai09.jpg
|caption     =  Rai at media meet on her birthday in 2013
|birth_date  = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1973|11|1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Early life&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/31slid6.htm |title=This Week in Entertainment |publisher=Rediff |date=1 November 1973 |accessdate=1 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|birth_place = [[Mangalore]], Karnataka, Indie
|residence   = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, Indie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070420/asp/frontpage/story_7672425.asp |title=The Telegraph&amp;nbsp;– Calcutta : Frontpage |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |location=Kolkata, India |date=20 April 2007 |accessdate=14 February 2011 |first=Pratim D. |last=Gupta |archive-date=2011-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629125800/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070420/asp/frontpage/story_7672425.asp |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|spouse      = {{marriage|[[Abhishek Bachchan]]|2007}}
|children    =  Aaradhya (dauchter, 2011)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/celebrities/201203287558/aishwarya-rai-baby-name |title=Aishwarya Rai and husband reveal baby daughter's name – |accessdate=28 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|occupation  = Actress, Model
|yearsactive = 1991–present
|signature   = Signature of Aishwarya Rai Bachchan.svg
}}
'''Aishwarya Rai''' (Tulu: ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯಾ ರೈ ಬಚ್ಚನ್) (born 1 November 1973),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aishwarya-rai-bachchcan-42nd-birthday-husband-abhishek-daughter-aaradhya/ |title=Aishwarya Rai Bachchcan to celebrate 42nd birthday with husband Abhishek and daughter Aaradhya |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=1 November 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104011114/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/aishwarya-rai-bachchcan-42nd-birthday-husband-abhishek-daughter-aaradhya/ |archive-date=4 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; kent as '''Aishwarya Rai Bachchan''' an aw, is an [[Indie|Indian]] [[film]] actress an model. She wan the Miss Warld 1994 pageant.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-throwback-thursday-here-s-looking-back-at-how-aishwarya-rai-made-india-proud-by-winning-the-miss-world-1994-title-2681704 |title=Throwback Thursday: Here's looking back at how Aishwarya Rai made India proud by winning the Miss World 1994 title |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=1 November 2018 |accessdate=21 November 2023|archive-date=23 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123003700/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-throwback-thursday-here-s-looking-back-at-how-aishwarya-rai-made-india-proud-by-winning-the-miss-world-1994-title-2681704|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Aishwarya}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Femina Miss Indie winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awairds winners]]
[[Category:Fowk named in the Panama Papers]]
[[Category:Indie female models]]
[[Category:Indie film actresses]]
[[Category:Indie Hindus]]
[[Category:Miss Warld 1994 delegates]]
[[Category:Miss Warld winners]]
[[Category:Officiers o the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Mangalore]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Mumbai]]
[[Category:Recipients o the Padma Shri]]
[[Category:Tulu fowk]]
[[Category:Varsity o Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses frae Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20t-century Indie actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indie actresses]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awairds winners]]
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    <title>Moravica Destrict</title>
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      <text bytes="4513" sha1="08jkb4gw8iicd7pfqehh0egk833ymt4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| name                    = Moravica Destrict
| native_name             = Моравички округ &lt;br&gt; Moravički okrug
| settlement_type         = [[Destricts o Serbie|Destrict]] o [[Serbie]]
&lt;!-- maps and coordinates ------&gt;
| image_map               = Moravica in Serbia.svg
| mapsize                 = 200px
| map_caption             = Location o Moravica Destrict in Serbie 
&lt;!-- location ------------------&gt;
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Serbie}}
| subdivision_type1       = 
| subdivision_name1       = 
&lt;!-- seat, smaller parts -------&gt;
| seat_type               = Admeenistrative centre
| seat                    = [[Čačak]]
&lt;!-- government type, leaders --&gt;
| leader_title            = Commissioner
| leader_name             = n/a
| total_type              = Total
| area_total_km2          = 3,016
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 212,603
| population_as_of        = 2011 census
| population_density_km2  = 70.5
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 1) --&gt;
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Municipalities o Serbie|Municipalities]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 3 an 1 [[Municipalities an ceeties o Serbie|ceety]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = Dounsets
| blank1_info_sec1        = 206 
| blank2_name_sec1        =  - [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|Ceeties an touns]]
| blank2_info_sec1        = 5
| blank3_name_sec1        =  - Veelages
| blank3_info_sec1        = 201
| website                 = 
}} &lt;!-- Infobox ends --&gt;

The '''Moravica Destrict''' ({{lang-sr|Моравички округ / Moravički okrug}}) is a destrict o Serbie locatit in the central pairts o [[Serbie]]. It haes a population o 212,603. The admeenistrative centre o the Moravica destrict is [[Čačak]].

==Municipalities==
The destrict encompasses the municipalities o:
* [[Čačak]]
* [[Gornji Milanovac]]
* [[Ivanjica]]
* [[Lučani]]

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the last offeecial census done in 2011, the Moravica Destrict haes 212,603 inhabitants. 53.8% o the population lives in the urban auries. Ethnic composition o the destrict:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
|-
|[[Serbs]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|206,303
|-
|[[Romani fowk in Serbie|Roma]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|849
|-
|[[Montenegrins o Serbie|Montenegrins]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|460
|-
|[[Macedonies in Serbie|Macedonians]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|183
|-
|[[Yugoslavs in Serbie|Yugoslavs]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|169
|-
|[[Croats o Serbie|Croats]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|158
|-
|[[Muslims (naitionality)|Muslims]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|52
|-
|Ithers||align=&quot;right&quot;|4,429
|-
|'''Total'''||align=&quot;right&quot;|212,603
|}

==Cultur an eddication==
In the monuments heritage o Čačak a special place tak the releegious biggin: monasteries an kirks. The ten monasteries o the Ovčarsko-Kablarska Gorge are referred tae as the Serbie Athos. Certain o thaim wur built in the time o the Serb gentry of the [[Nemanjić]], [[Lazarević]] an [[Branković]] dynasties. Ower hunderyears these ten monasteries safegairdit the auncient manuscripts, oot o which some wur written thare an aw. An aw, thare are twa faculties locatit in Čačak that are athin the [[Varsity o Kragujevac]]:
* [[:en:University of Kragujevac Faculty of Agronomy|Faculty o Agronomy]]
* [[:en:University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences|Faculty o Technical Sciences]]

==Economy==
Čačak is ane o the major economic centers o Serbie. Its economy is dominatit bi industrial production. Abuin aw, bi metal-processin (the &quot;Sloboda&quot; an &quot;Cer&quot; factories), paper production (Paper Factory), chemical industry (the &quot;1 Mey&quot;). It haes well developit agricultur an aw (&quot;Stocar&quot;).

==See an aw==
{{Commons category|Moravica District}}
* [[Destricts o Serbie]]
* [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Serbie]]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    =  {{flagicon|Serbie}}Moravica Destrict 
|North     =
|Northeast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Šumadija Destrict]]
|East      = 
|Sootheast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Raška Destrict]]
|Sooth     =
|Soothwast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Zlatibor Destrict]]
|Wast      = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Zlatibor Destrict]]
|Northwast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Kolubara Destrict]]
}}
{{Okruzi}}

Note: Aw offeecial material made bi Govrenment o Serbie is public bi law. Information wis taken frae {{url|http://www.srbija.gov.rs/}}.

{{coord|43|53|N|20|21|E|source:itwiki_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

[[Category:Moravica Destrict| ]]
[[Category:Destricts o Šumadija an Wastren Serbie]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4126" sha1="88au1t1kzsctt5g1g7coksz0ehszf7z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Moravica Destrict
| native_name             = Моравички округ &lt;br&gt; Moravički okrug
| settlement_type         = [[Destricts o Serbie|Destrict]] o [[Serbie]]
| image_map               = Moravica in Serbia.svg
| mapsize                 = 200px
| map_caption             = Location o Moravica Destrict in Serbie 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Serbie}}
| seat_type               = Admeenistrative centre
| seat                    = [[Čačak]]
| leader_title            = Commissioner
| leader_name             = n/a
| total_type              = Total
| area_total_km2          = 3,016
| population_total        = 212,603
| population_as_of        = 2011 census
| population_density_km2  = 70.5
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Municipalities o Serbie|Municipalities]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 3 an 1 [[Municipalities an ceeties o Serbie|ceety]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = Dounsets
| blank1_info_sec1        = 206 
| blank2_name_sec1        =  - [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|Ceeties an touns]]
| blank2_info_sec1        = 5
| blank3_name_sec1        =  - Veelages
| blank3_info_sec1        = 201
}} 

The '''Moravica Destrict''' ({{lang-sr|Моравички округ / Moravički okrug}}) is a destrict o Serbie locatit in the central pairts o [[Serbie]]. It haes a population o 212,603. The admeenistrative centre o the Moravica destrict is [[Čačak]].

==Municipalities==
The destrict encompasses the municipalities o:
* [[Čačak]]
* [[Gornji Milanovac]]
* [[Ivanjica]]
* [[Lučani]]

==Demographics==
Accordin tae the last offeecial census done in 2011, the Moravica Destrict haes 212,603 inhabitants. 53.8% o the population lives in the urban auries. Ethnic composition o the destrict:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Ethnic group
! Population
|-
|[[Serbs]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|206,303
|-
|[[Romani fowk in Serbie|Roma]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|849
|-
|[[Montenegrins o Serbie|Montenegrins]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|460
|-
|[[Macedonies in Serbie|Macedonians]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|183
|-
|[[Yugoslavs in Serbie|Yugoslavs]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|169
|-
|[[Croats o Serbie|Croats]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|158
|-
|[[Muslims (naitionality)|Muslims]]||align=&quot;right&quot;|52
|-
|Ithers||align=&quot;right&quot;|4,429
|-
|'''Total'''||align=&quot;right&quot;|212,603
|}

==Cultur an eddication==
In the monuments heritage o Čačak a special place tak the releegious biggin: monasteries an kirks. The ten monasteries o the Ovčarsko-Kablarska Gorge are referred tae as the Serbie Athos. Certain o thaim wur built in the time o the Serb gentry of the [[Nemanjić]], [[Lazarević]] an [[Branković]] dynasties. Ower hunderyears these ten monasteries safegairdit the auncient manuscripts, oot o which some wur written thare an aw. An aw, thare are twa faculties locatit in Čačak that are athin the [[Varsity o Kragujevac]]:
* [[:en:University of Kragujevac Faculty of Agronomy|Faculty o Agronomy]]
* [[:en:University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences|Faculty o Technical Sciences]]

==Economy==
Čačak is ane o the major economic centers o Serbie. Its economy is dominatit bi industrial production. Abuin aw, bi metal-processin (the &quot;Sloboda&quot; an &quot;Cer&quot; factories), paper production (Paper Factory), chemical industry (the &quot;1 Mey&quot;). It haes well developit agricultur an aw (&quot;Stocar&quot;).

==See an aw==
{{Commons category|Moravica District}}
* [[Destricts o Serbie]]
* [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Serbie]]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    =  {{flagicon|Serbie}}Moravica Destrict 
|North     =
|Northeast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Šumadija Destrict]]
|East      = 
|Sootheast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Raška Destrict]]
|Sooth     =
|Soothwast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Zlatibor Destrict]]
|Wast      = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Zlatibor Destrict]]
|Northwast = {{flagicon|Serbie}}[[Kolubara Destrict]]
}}
{{Okruzi}}

Note: Aw offeecial material made bi Govrenment o Serbie is public bi law. Information wis taken frae {{url|http://www.srbija.gov.rs/}}.

{{coord|43|53|N|20|21|E|source:itwiki_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

[[Category:Moravica Destrict| ]]
[[Category:Destricts o Šumadija an Wastren Serbie]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>13 Egeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>84182</id>
    <redirect title="Asteroid belt" />
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      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
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      <comment>Nae eneuch content ti support its ain airticle</comment>
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      <text bytes="27" sha1="0ydl01pj58wlabl6tkedvydsxthyujf" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[asteroid belt]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Platypus</title>
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      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1960" sha1="7iysjd8w7pwc8jqvhqqfcz0arz3v2t2" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| name = Platypus&lt;ref name=MSW3&gt;{{MSW3 Monotremata | id = 10300020 | page = 2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|9|0}} [[Miocene]] tae Recent
| image = Wild Platypus 4.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | authors = Woinarski, J. &amp; Burbidge, A.A. | title = ''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2016| page = e.T40488A21964009 | year = 2016| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40488A21964009.en }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| taxon = Ornithorhynchus anatinus
| parent_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach|Blumenbach]], 1800
| authority = ([[George Shaw|Shaw]], 1799)
| range_map = Distribution of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).png
| range_map_caption = Platypus range&lt;br /&gt;(reid — native, yellae — introduced)
}}
The '''platypus''' (''Ornithorhynchus anatinus''), cried the '''deuk-billed platypus''' an aa, is a [[semi-aquatic mammal|semiaquatic]] [[Monotreme|egg-layin mammal]] [[Endemic (ecology)|endemic]] tae eastren [[Austrailie]], includin [[Tasmanie|Tasmainie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DPIW&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/BHAN-53573T?open |title=Platypus |publisher=Department of Primary Industries and Water, Tasmania |date=31 August 2006 |access-date=12 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061009211345/http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/BHAN-53573T?open |archive-date= 9 October 2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1799]]
[[Category:Mammals o New South Wales]]
[[Category:Mammals o Queensland]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sooth Australie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Tasmanie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Victoria (Australie)]]
[[Category:Monotremes]]
[[Category:Venomous mammals]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Quaternary ainimals o Australie]]
[[Category:Quaternary ainimals o Oceanie]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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    <title>Streptococcaceae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>87167</id>
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      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1316" sha1="l7z6hxed90jdzraghpwrzqx15f40alk" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Streptococcus mutans Gram.jpg
| image_caption = ''Streptococcus mutans''
| taxon = Streptococcaceae
| authority = Deibel &amp; Seeley 1974
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ref = &lt;ref name=NCBI/&gt;&lt;ref name=LPSN/&gt;
| subdivision =
* ''Floricoccus''
* ''Lactococcus''
* ''Lactovum''
* ''Okadaella''
* ''[[Streptococcus]]''
| synonyms =
* &quot;Mogalliidae&quot; &lt;small&gt;corrig. Enderlein 1917&lt;/small&gt;
* &quot;Pseudostreptoideae&quot; &lt;small&gt;corrig. Enderlein 1917&lt;/small&gt;
* &quot;Streptococceae&quot; &lt;small&gt;De Toni &amp; Trevisan 1889&lt;/small&gt;
}}

'''Streptococcaceae''', frae [[Auncient Greek]] [[wikt:στρεπτός|στρεπτός]] (''streptós''), meanin &quot;twistit&quot;, an [[wikt:κόκκος|κόκκος]] (''kókkos''), meanin &quot;grain&quot;, are a faimily o gram-positive [[bacteria]] in the order Lactobacillales.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morris1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Christopher G. Morris|title=Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nauWlPTBcjIC&amp;pg=PA2110|year=1992|publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing|isbn=978-0-12-200400-1|page=2110}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amang its genera are ''Lactococcus'', ''Lactovum'' an ''[[Streptococcus]]''.


==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q140018}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Lactobacillales]]
[[Category:Streptococcaceae|*]]
{{Stub/Science}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>University o Paris</title>
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    <id>90071</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
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      <text bytes="1091" sha1="p0ml977odfherftv7ub9s9rf63f6oa4" xml:space="preserve">{{coord|48|50|55|N|2|20|36|E|region:FR-75_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox University
|name        = Varsity o Paris
|native_name = L'Université de Paris
|image_name  = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
|latin_name  = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
|motto       = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' ([[Laitin]])
|mottoeng    = Here an onywhaur on Yird
|established = Circa 1150–1793, 1896
|closed      = {{End date|1970}}
|type        = [[guild|Corporative]] frae c. 1150 tae 1793 an [[public varsity|public]] frae 1896 tae 1970
|city        = [[Paris]]
|country     = Fraunce
|campus      = Urban
}}
The '''University o Paris''' ({{lang-fr|L'Université de Paris}}), eften kent as the '''Sorbonne''' or '''la Sorbonne,''' wis notit as ane o the first varsities tae be established in Europe.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varsity O Paris}}
[[Category:Varsity o Paris|*]]
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      <minor />
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Varsity o Paris]] til [[University o Paris]]</comment>
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{{Infobox University
|name        = Varsity o Paris
|native_name = L'Université de Paris
|image_name  = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
|latin_name  = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
|motto       = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' ([[Laitin]])
|mottoeng    = Here an onywhaur on Yird
|established = Circa 1150–1793, 1896
|closed      = {{End date|1970}}
|type        = [[guild|Corporative]] frae c. 1150 tae 1793 an [[public varsity|public]] frae 1896 tae 1970
|city        = [[Paris]]
|country     = Fraunce
|campus      = Urban
}}
The '''University o Paris''' ({{lang-fr|L'Université de Paris}}), eften kent as the '''Sorbonne''' or '''la Sorbonne,''' wis notit as ane o the first varsities tae be established in Europe.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varsity O Paris}}
[[Category:Varsity o Paris|*]]
[[Category:1150 establishments]]
[[Category:1150s establishments]]
[[Category:12t-century establishments in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 12t century|Paris, Varsity o]]</text>
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{{Infobox University
|name        = Varsity o Paris
|native_name = L'Université de Paris
|image_name  = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
|latin_name  = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
|motto       = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' ([[Laitin]])
|mottoeng    = Here an onywhaur on Yird
|established = Circa 1150–1793, 1896
|closed      = {{End date|1970}}
|type        = [[guild|Corporative]] frae c. 1150 tae 1793 an [[public varsity|public]] frae 1896 tae 1970
|city        = [[Paris]]
|country     = Fraunce
|campus      = Urban
}}
The '''University o Paris''' ({{lang-fr|L'Université de Paris}}), eften kent as the '''Sorbonne''' or '''la Sorbonne,''' wis notit as ane o the furst universities tae be estaiblisht in Europe.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varsity O Paris}}
[[Category:Varsity o Paris|*]]
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{{Infobox University
|name        = University o Paris
|native_name = L'Université de Paris
|image_name  = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg
|latin_name  = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
|motto       = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' ([[Laitin]])
|mottoeng    = Here an onywhaur on Yird
|established = Circa 1150–1793, 1896
|closed      = {{End date|1970}}
|type        = [[guild|Corporative]] frae c. 1150 tae 1793 an [[public university|public]] frae 1896 tae 1970
|city        = [[Paris]]
|country     = Fraunce
|campus      = Urban
}}
The '''University o Paris''' ({{lang-fr|L'Université de Paris}}), eften kent as the '''Sorbonne''' or '''la Sorbonne,''' wis notit as ane o the furst universities tae be estaiblisht in Europe.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varsity O Paris}}
[[Category:Varsity o Paris|*]]
[[Category:1150 establishments]]
[[Category:1150s establishments]]
[[Category:12t-century establishments in Fraunce]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in the 12t century|Paris, Varsity o]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Misao Okawa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Drap Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2355" sha1="82rz2sak8bcpht1cnaw2tupr28oz3ak" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bodie
| name = Misao Okawa 
| native_name = 大川 ミサヲ
| native_name_lang = ja
| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|03|05}}
| birth_place = [[Kita-ku, Osaka|Tenma, Osaka]], Japan
| death_date = {{death date and age|2015|04|01|1898|03|05}}
| residence = [[Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka]], Japan
| known for = Auldest verified livin person
| spouse = Yukio Okawa (m. 1919–1931; his daith)
| children = 3 (2 livin)
| relatives= {{Unbulleted list 
| 4 grandchilder
| 6 great-grandchilder
}}
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Misao Okawa'''|大川 ミサヲ|Ōkawa Misao|sometimes [[Romanisation|romanised]] as '''Misawo Okawa'''; born 5 Mairch 1898; deed 1 Aprile 2015}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GRG&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Oldest Validated Living Supercentenarians|url=http://www.grg.org/Adams/E.HTM|publisher=[[Gerontology Research Group]]|accessdate=19 December 2012|archive-date=2007-12-01|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grg.org%2FAdams%2FE.HTM&amp;date=2007-12-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; wis a Japanese [[supercentenarian]] that wis, at the age o 117 year an 27 days, the [[Auldest fowk|warld's auldest livin person]], haudin the title sin the daith o 116-year-auld Japanese man [[Jiroemon Kimura]] on 12 Juin 2013,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-06-11/jiroemon-kimura-oldest-man-in-recorded-history-dies-at-age-116|title=Jiroemon Kimura, Oldest Man in Recorded History, Dies at 116|accessdate=12 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; til her daith on 1 Aprile 2015.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Koto Okubo]] | title =Auldest recognised verified livin wumman| years = 12 Januar 2013 – 1 Aprile 2015 | after = [[Gertrude Weaver]]}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Jiroemon Kimura]] | title = Auldest verified livin body | years = 12 Juin 2013 – 1 Aprile 2015 | after = [[Gertrude Weaver]]}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Jiroemon Kimura]] | title = Auldest verified livin Japanese | years = 12 Juin 2013 – 1 Aprile 2015 | after = Anonymous}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Tane Ikai]] | title = Auldest Japanese body iver | years = 28 August 2014 – 31 August 2017 | after = [[Nabi Tajima]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okawa, Misao}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:Japanese supercentenarians]]
[[Category:Female supercentenarians]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Osaka]]
[[Category:2015 daiths]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jörmungandr</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>93405</id>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="960" sha1="egz8llfvkajsy06pg8a7znxr1fe1lfr" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Johann Heinrich Füssli 011.jpg|thumb|&quot;Thor in [[Hymir]]'s boat battlin the Midgard Serpent&quot; (1788) bi [[Henry Fuseli]]]]
In [[Norse meethology]], '''Jörmungandr''' ({{lang-non|Jǫrmungandr}}, pronoonced {{IPA-non|ˈjɔrmuŋɡandr̥|}}, meanin &quot;huge monster&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/J%C7%ABrmungandr Rudolf Simek, ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology'' (1993)]&lt;/ref&gt;), aften written as '''Jormungand''', or '''Jörmungand''' an cried the '''Midgard Serpent''' ({{lang-non| Miðgarðsormr}}) or '''Warld Serpent''' an aa, is a [[sea serpent]], the middle bairn o the [[Jötunn|giantess]] [[Angrboða]] an [[Loki]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Norse paganism topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jormungandr}}
[[Category:Warld-beirin ainimals]]
[[Category:Craiturs in Norse meethologie]]
[[Category:Leegendar serpents]]
[[Category:Monsters]]
[[Category:Germanic leegendar craiturs]]
[[Category:Scandinavie leegendar craiturs]]
[[Category:Thor]]
{{stub}}</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Superflous wirds</comment>
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      <text bytes="954" sha1="sqtlpa7k50sv04hndiasgq5px7xxpik" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Johann Heinrich Füssli 011.jpg|thumb|&quot;Thor in [[Hymir]]'s boat battlin the Midgard Serpent&quot; (1788) bi [[Henry Fuseli]]]]
In [[Norse meethology]], '''Jörmungandr''' ({{lang-non|Jǫrmungandr}}, pronoonced {{IPA-non|ˈjɔrmuŋɡandr̥|}}, meanin &quot;huge monster&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/J%C7%ABrmungandr Rudolf Simek, ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology'' (1993)]&lt;/ref&gt;), aften written as '''Jormungand''', or '''Jörmungand''' an cried the '''Midgard Serpent''' ({{lang-non| Miðgarðsormr}}) or '''Warld Serpent''', is a [[sea serpent]], the middle bairn o the [[Jötunn|giantess]] [[Angrboða]] an [[Loki]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Norse paganism topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jormungandr}}
[[Category:Warld-beirin ainimals]]
[[Category:Craiturs in Norse meethologie]]
[[Category:Leegendar serpents]]
[[Category:Monsters]]
[[Category:Germanic leegendar craiturs]]
[[Category:Scandinavie leegendar craiturs]]
[[Category:Thor]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sparrae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>94690</id>
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      <text bytes="848" sha1="qnd5efihw10lzl91olxzeglu9w2fmy8" xml:space="preserve">{{stub/Ainimal}}

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Sparrows
| image = House Sparrow mar08.jpg
| image_caption = A male [[hoose sparrae]]
| display parents= 4
| taxon = Passeridae
| authority = [[Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger|Illiger]], 1811
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Passer]]''&lt;br/&gt;
''[[Petronia]]''&lt;br/&gt;
''[[Carpospiza]]''&lt;br/&gt;
''[[Hypocryptadius]]''&lt;br/&gt;
''[[snowfinch|Montifringilla]]''
}}
'''Sparraes''' are a [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] o smaa [[passerine]] [[bird]]s, '''Passeridae'''. They are kent as '''true sparraes''', or '''[[Auld Warld]] sparraes''' an aa, names uised for a pairteecular [[genus]] o the faimily, ''[[Passer]]'', forby.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|2005|p=17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Passeridae|*]]
[[Category:Bird faimilies]]
[[Category:Flora an fauna on Indian postage stamps]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boa constrictor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>94789</id>
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      <text bytes="3679" sha1="pf2x2ujnzex3u65rc5acx176pkwocwg" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| image = Boa constrictor, Vaňkovka, Brno (2).jpg
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]
| classis = [[Reptilia]]
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| subordo = [[Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Boidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Boinae]]
| genus = ''[[Boa (genus)|Boa]]''
| species = '''''B. constrictor'''''
| binomial = ''Boa constrictor''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]
| synonyms = * [''Boa''] ''Constrictor'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus, 1758&lt;/small&gt;
* [''Boa''] ''Orophias'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus, 1758&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor formosissimus'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor rex serpentum'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor auspex'' &lt;small&gt;Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor diviniloquus'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor orophias'' &lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* [''Boa''] ''constrictrix'' &lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; [[Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider|Schneider]], 1801&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boa diviniloqua'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; [[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] &amp; [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1844&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boa constrictor'' &lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1893&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boa diviniloqua'' &lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; Boulenger, 1893&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor constrictor'' &lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; Griffin, 1916&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Constrictor constrictor constrictor'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; [[Olive Griffith Stull|Stull]], 1935&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Boa constrictor constrictor'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&amp;ndash; [[Lothar Forcart|Forcart]], 1951&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McD99&quot;&gt;McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'', vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
The '''''Boa constrictor''''' is a species o muckle, hivy-bodied [[snake]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thespruce.com/snake-species-1239472 |title=Snake Species Commonly Kept as Pets |first=Adrienne |last=Kruzer |date=May 15, 2018 |website=The Spruce Pets |access-date=May 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817165752/https://www.thespruce.com/snake-species-1239472 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a member o the faimily [[Boidae]], an is native tae tropical [[Sooth Americae]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReptileDB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |editor-last=Uetz |editor-first=P. |editor-last2=Freed |editor-first2=P. |editor-last3=Aguilar |editor-first3=R. |editor-last4=Hošek |editor-first4=J. |year=2022 |title=''Boa constrictor'' |url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Boa&amp;species=constrictor |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=The Reptile Database |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009094210/https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Boa&amp;species=constrictor |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Boinae]]
[[Category:Boinae bi common name]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Bolivie]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Colombie]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Ecuador]]
[[Category:Reptiles o French Guiana]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Peru]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Suriname]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Trinidad an Tobago]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Venezuela]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Argentinae]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Belize]]
[[Category:Reptiles o El Salvador]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Guatemala]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Guyana]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Honduras]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Mexico]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Nicaragua]]
[[Category:Reptiles o Panama]]
[[Category:Snakes o Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Halie Romane Rik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>127523</id>
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      <text bytes="8207" sha1="mfzarykd6dz4kyjurhmryttofymaldi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Former Country
|conventional_long_name = Halie Romane Rik
|common_name = Halie Romane Rik
|native_name = ''Sacrum Romanum Imperium''
|continent = Europe
|region = Central Europe
|era = [[Middle Ages]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Early modren period]]
|status = Rik
|government_type = [[Elective monarchy]]
|year_start = 962
|year_end = 1806
|event_start = [[Otto I, Haly Roman Emperor|Otto I]] is [[Coronation o the Haly Roman Emperor|crowned Emperor o the Romans]]
|date_start = 2 Februar
|date_event1 = 2 Februar 1033
|event1 = [[Conrad II, Haly Roman Emperor|Conrad II]] assumes croun o [[Kinrick o Arles|Burgundy]]
|date_event2 = 25 September 1555
|event2 = [[Peace o Augsburg]]
|date_event3 = 24 October 1648
|event3 = [[Peace o Westphalie]]
|date_event4 = 2 December 1805
|event4 = [[Battle o Austerlitz]]
|date_end = 6 August
|event_end = [[Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor|Francis II]] abdicatit
|flag_p1 = Karl der Große 800.jpg
|p1      = Middle Francia
|flag_p2 = Ludwig der Deutsche.jpg
|p2      = East Francia
|s1 = Confederation o the Rhine
|flag_s1 = Flag of France.svg
|s2 = Austrick Empire
|flag_s2 = Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
|s3 = Auld Swiss Confederacy
|flag_s3 = Early Swiss cross.svg
|s4 = Kinrick o Proushie
|flag_s4 = Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg
|s5 = Kinrick o Saxony
|flag_s5 = State flag of Saxony before 1815.svg
|s6 = Duchy o Holstein
|flag_s6 = Holstein Arms.svg
|s7 = Duchy o Oldenburg
|flag_s7 = Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg
|s8 = Free an Hanseatic Ceety o Hamburg
|flag_s8 = Flag of Hamburg.svg
|s9 = Principality o Reuss-Greiz
|flag_s9 = Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg
|s10 = Duchy o Mecklenburg-Schwerin
|flag_s10 = Mecklenburg Landesflagge zur See Kaiserreich.svg
|s11 = Swadish Pomeranie
|flag_s11 = Naval ensign of Sweden.svg
|s12 = Electorate o Hesse
|flag_s12 = Flag of Hesse.svg
|s13 = Principality o Nassau-Orange-Fulda
|flag_s13 = Wappen Fürstentum Oranien-Nassau-Fulda.jpg
|s14 = Principality o Waldeck
|flag_s14 = Flag of Waldeck before 1830.svg
|s15 = Duchy o Saxe-Weimar
|flag_s15 = State flag of Saxony before 1815.svg
|s16 = Duchy o Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
|flag_s16 = VlagSGA.svg
|image_flag = Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor without haloes (1400-1806).svg{{!}}border
|flag = Banners o the Haly Roman Empire
|flag_type = Imperial Banner
|image_coat = Quaterionenadler David de Negker.svg
|symbol = Heraldry o the Haly Roman Empire
|symbol_type = Quaternion Eagle
|image_map = Holy Roman Empire ca.1600.svg
|image_map_caption = The Halie Romane Rik {{circa|1600}}, imposed ower current state borders
|capital = ''No offeecial caipital, sindry imperial seats''{{efn|The Empire haed no offeecial caipital, thou there war a nummer o imperial seat ceeties, which varied throuoot history: e.g. [[Vienna]] (Continuous Imperial [[Residenz]] Ceety, 1483–1806), [[Regensburg]] ([[Eternal Diet]], 1663–1806) an [[Prague]] (1346–1437, 1583–1611)&lt;br /&gt;}}
|common_languages = ''Sindry''{{efn|[[German leid|German]], [[Laitin]], [[Italian leid|Italian]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Pols leid|Pols]], [[Dutch leid|Dutch]], [[French leid|French]], [[Frisian leid|Frisian]], [[Slovene leid|Slovene]], [[Sorbian leids|Sorbian]] an ither leids.}}
|religion = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholicism]]{{efn|Roman Catholicism constitutit the single offeecial religion o the Empire till 1555.}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Protestantism]]{{efn|[[Lutheranism]] wis offeecially recognised in the [[Peace o Augsburg]] o 1555, an [[Calvinism]] in the [[Peace of Westphalia]] o 1648. Thae twa war the only offeecially recognised Protestant denominations, while sindry ither Protestant confessions such as [[Anabaptists|Anabaptism]], [[Arminianism]], etc. coexistit illegally within the Empire.}}
|legislature = [[Imperial Diet (Haly Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]]
|stat_pop1 = 5000000&lt;ref name=&quot;Ostrovski, Rome 1998, page 70&quot;&gt;&quot;Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages&quot;, Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 70&lt;/ref&gt;
|stat_year1 = 1200
|stat_pop2 = 16000000&lt;ref name=&quot;globalsecurity.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/hre-2.htm Holy Roman Empire – 1500 – The German Empire]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reich und Glaubensspaltung&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=DVYgJMQJVZEC&amp;pg=PA27 Reich und Glaubensspaltung, Deutschland 1500–1600 by Horst Rabe, p.27]&lt;/ref&gt;
|stat_year2 = 1500
|stat_pop3 = 21000000&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=8z9-V9f6w5EC&amp;pg=RA1-PT105 Introduction to Global Politics by Richard W. Mansbach,Kirsten L. Taylor]&lt;/ref&gt;
|stat_year3 = 1618
|stat_pop4 = 16000000&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;
|stat_year4 = 1648
|stat_pop5 = 26265000&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=0LFueQp0s50C&amp;pg=PA401 Nation und Nationalismus in Deutschland, 1770–1990 by Otto Dann]&lt;/ref&gt;
|stat_year5= 1786
|deputy1 = [[Otto I, Haly Roman Emperor|Otto I]] &lt;small&gt;(first)&lt;/small&gt;
|deputy2 = [[Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor|Francis II]] &lt;small&gt;(last)&lt;/small&gt;
|year_deputy1 = 962–973
|year_deputy2 = 1792–1806
|title_deputy = [[Haly Roman Emperor|Emperor]]
|today = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=&amp;nbsp;|{{flag|Austrick}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Belgium}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Croatie}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Czech Republic}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Fraunce}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Germany}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Italy}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Liechtenstein}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Luxembourg}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Monaco}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Netherlands}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Poland}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Slovenie}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flag|Swisserland}}}}
}}
The '''Halie Romane Empire''' or '''Rik'''{{efn|Scots spellins &quot;Rik&quot; an &quot;Cazard&quot; uised in {{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Philip |title=Ulster Scots ettles wi tha Thrittie Years' Weir |journal=CAIRN |date=1998 |volume=2 |page=15 |quote=Again aw thir fowk wes anither compluther o Catholic pouers that brocht in tha Alemans an Austrien provinces an wes awreadie langelt in tha Halie Romane Rik, alang wi tha rump o tha provinces o tha Spains Netherlans}}}} ([[Laitin leid|Laitin]]: ''Sacrum Romanum Imperium'', [[German leid|German]]: ''Heiliges Römisches Reich'') wis a multi-ethnic complex o territories in [[central Europe]] that developit during the [[Early Middle Ages]] an continued till its dissolution in 1806.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269851/Holy-Roman-Empire Holy Roman Empire], Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 15 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Infobox former monarchy 
| royal_title     = Emperor
| realm           = the Halie Romane Rik
| border          = imperial
| coatofarms        = Quaterionenadler David de Negker.svg
| coatofarmssize    = 150px
| image             = Kaiser_Franz_II_um_1800.jpg
| caption           = '''Francis II'''
| coatofarmscaption = '''Quaternion Eagle'''
| first_monarch     = [[Charlemagne]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(as Emperor o the Romans)&lt;/small&gt;
| last_monarch      = [[Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor|Francis II]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(as Electit Roman Emperor)&lt;/small&gt;
| style             = [[Imperial Majesty (style)|His Imperial Majesty]]
| appointer         = see [[Coronation o the Haly Roman Emperor]]
| began             = 25 December 800
| ended             = 6 August 1806
| pretender         = Poseetion abolished
}}
The leader o the rik wis kent as the ''Emperor'' or ''Kaiser'' (Cazard{{efn|Scots spellins &quot;Rik&quot; an &quot;Cazard&quot; uised in {{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Philip |title=Ulster Scots ettles wi tha Thrittie Years' Weir |journal=CAIRN |date=1998 |volume=2 |page=15 |quote=Freidrick wes a frein o Christiern IV, an his elecktion as king o Boheme in 1619 wes a direck challenge tae tha Catholic Airchduik Ferdinan o Austrick, that wes king o Boheme hisel forby bein Hailie Romane Cazard}}}}) (full title {{lang-de|Römisch-deutscher Kaiser}}, {{lang-la|Romanorum Imperator}}). Frae an [[autocracy]] in [[Carolingian]] times the teetle evolved intae an [[elected monarchy]] chosen bi the [[Prince-elector]]s. Till the [[Reformation]] the Emperor elect (''imperator electus'') wis required tae be crouned bi the [[Pape]] afore assumin the imperial title.
==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Umwhile empires]]
[[Category:Haly Roman Emperors|*]]
[[Category:Leets o monarchs|Haly Roman]]
[[Category:German monarchs]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Badock</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128359</id>
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      <text bytes="1405" sha1="ep4m8h1n79fir9sp5wda7c2rcsogl1i" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Badock
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{IUCN|id=22694160 |title=''Stercorarius skua'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Stercorarius skua collage, Runde, Norway 06-06.jpg 
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Charadriiformes]]
| familia = [[Stercorariidae]]
| genus = ''[[Stercorarius]]''
| species = '''''S. skua'''''
| binomial = ''Stercorarius skua''
| binomial_authority = [[Morten Thrane Brunnich|Brunnich]], 1764
}}
[[File:Stercorarius skua MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.139.8.jpg|thumb| ''Stercorarius skua'']]
The '''badock''' (''Stercorarius skua'') is a muckle [[seabird]] in the [[skua]] faimily Stercorariidae.&lt;ref name=ioc&gt;{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Noddies, gulls, terns, auks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/gulls/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=4 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Skuas]]
[[Category:Birds o Sooth Australie]]
[[Category:Birds o Europe]]
[[Category:Birds o North Africae]]
{{Stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Anton Chekhov</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>129259</id>
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      <text bytes="2864" sha1="3cvfluxj4c9kx1jkox043tqpg8iauhj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer
| name = Anton Chekhov
| image = Anton Chekhov with bow-tie sepia image.jpg
| alt = Chekhov seatit at a desk
| birth_name = Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1860|1|29}}
| birth_place = [[Taganrog]], [[Roushie Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1904|7|15|1860|1|29}}
| cause_of_death = [[Tuberculosis]]
| death_place = [[Badenweiler]], [[German Empire]]
| resting_place=[[Novodevichy Cemetery]], [[Moscow]]
| occupation = Pheesician, short story writer, playwricht
| nationality = Roushie
| awards = [[Pushkin Prize]]
| signature = Подпись Антон Чехов.png
| alma_mater = [[I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University|First Moscow State Medical University]]
}}
'''Anton Pavlovich Chekhov''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|ɛ|k|ɔː|f|,_|-|ɒ|f}};&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/chekhov &quot;Chekhov&quot;]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; {{lang-ru|link=no|Анто́н Па́влович Че́хов}}, {{IPA-ru|ɐnˈton ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕɛxəf|pron}}; 29 Januar 1860&lt;ref&gt;[[Auld Style an New Style dates|Auld Style date]] 17 Januar.&lt;/ref&gt; – 15 Julie 1904)&lt;ref&gt;[[Auld Style an New Style dates|Auld Style date]] 2 Julie.&lt;/ref&gt; wis a Roushie physician, [[playwricht]] an author that is considerit tae bi amang the greatest writers o short stories in history.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boyd 2004-07-03&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Boyd |first=William |author-link=William Boyd (writer) |title=A Chekhov lexicon |website=the Guardian |date=3 July 2004 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/classics |access-date=31 October 2023 |quote=Quite probably. the best short-story writer ever.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chekhov, Anton}}
[[Category:Anton Chekhov| ]]
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1904 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Taganrog]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Yekaterinoslav Governorate]]
[[Category:Pushkin Prize winners]]
[[Category:Medical writers]]
[[Category:Dramaturges]]
[[Category:Modrenism]]
[[Category:Moscow Airt Theater]]
[[Category:Moscow State Varsity alumni]]
[[Category:Roushie dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Roushie male dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:Roushie novelists]]
[[Category:Roushie male novelists]]
[[Category:Roushie physeecians]]
[[Category:Roushie short story writers]]
[[Category:Roushie atheists]]
[[Category:Roushie comedy an humour]]
[[Category:19t-century dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:20t-century dramatists an playwrichts]]
[[Category:19t-century novelists]]
[[Category:19t-century Roushie writers]]
[[Category:Roushie writers o Ukrainian strynd]]
[[Category:Daiths frae tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Infectious disease daiths in Germany]]
[[Category:Buirials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
[[Category:Roushie-leid writers]]
[[Category:Positivists]]
[[Category:Roushie male short story writers]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Asiatic lion</title>
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      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1678" sha1="9snz3q9yshiftp7esn1f8s4r6es7ob1" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Asiatic lion
| status = EN
| status_system=iucn3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{IUCN |assessors=Breitenmoser, U., Mallon, D. P., Ahmad Khan, J. and Driscoll, C. |year=2008 |id=15952 |title=Panthera leo ssp. persica |version=2014.3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| trend = stable
| image = Adult Asiatic Lion.jpg
| image_caption =Male
| image2= Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg
| image2_caption=Female
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Felidae]]
| genus = ''[[Panthera]]''
| species = ''[[Panthera leo|P. leo]]''
| subspecies = '''''P. l. persica'''''
| trinomial = ''Panthera leo persica''
| trinomial_authority = [[Johann Nepomuk Meyer|Meyer]], 1826
| synonyms = ''P. l. asiaticus'', ''P. l. bengalensis'', ''P. l. indica'', ''P. l. goojratensis''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Wozencraft|page=546|id=14000238}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| range_map = Map Guj Nat Parks Sanctuary.png
| range_map_caption = Current distribution o the Asiatic lion in the wild
}}
The '''Asiatic lion''' (''Panthera leo persica''), kent as the '''Indian lion''' or '''Persie lion''' an aa,&lt;ref&gt;Humphreys, P., Kahrom, E. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=esV0hccod0kC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA77#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran]. Images Publishing, Avon.&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[lion]] [[subspecies]] that exists as a single population in [[Indie]]'s [[Gujarat]] state.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lions]]
[[Category:Mammals o Indie|Lion, Asiatic]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Eurasie|Lion, Asiatic]]
[[Category:Felids o Indie]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1826]]
[[Category:Fauna o Gujarat]]
{{stub/Feline}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>University of Manchester</title>
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      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[University o Manchester]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="37" sha1="oesherfcvlu7ps713orgcogxm1tw4py" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Manchester]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>University o Manchester</title>
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      <text bytes="4152" sha1="85krj3y9tzrxmm8hpg1t0ewplomdyra" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name           = The Varsity o Manchester
| image_name     = 
| caption        = 
| motto          = {{lang-la|Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas}}
| mottosco       = &quot;Knawledge, Wisdom, Humanity&quot;
| established    = 2004 - Varsity o Manchester&lt;br&gt; Predecessor institutions:&lt;br&gt; 1956 – [[UMIST]]&lt;br&gt; 1904 – [[Victoria Varsity o Manchester]]&lt;br&gt; 1880 – [[Victoria Varsity (Unitit Kinrick)|Victoria Varsity]]&lt;br&gt; 1851 – [[Owens College]]&lt;br&gt; 1824 – [[Manchester Mechanics' Institute]]
| city           = [[Manchester]]
| country        = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
| endowment      = £188.9 million {{small|(as o 31 Julie 2015)}}&lt;ref name=finstat&gt;{{cite web|url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2015|publisher=University of Manchester|accessdate=10 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121450/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| campus         = Urban an Suburban
| academic_staff = 3,849&lt;ref&gt;Facts and Figures, The University of Manchester, 2013, p24&lt;/ref&gt;
| president      = Dame [[Nancy Rothwell]]&lt;ref name=rothswho&gt;{{Who's Who | surname = ROTHWELL | othernames = Dame Nancy (Jane) | id = U43057 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chancellor     = [[Lemn Sissay]] MBE&lt;ref name=lemnchanc&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-02-01|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016134036/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| affiliations   = [[Varsities Research Association]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Russell Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[European Varsity Association|EUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[N8 Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[North West Varsities Association|NWUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Association o Commonwealth Varsities|ACU]] &lt;br/&gt; [[EASN]]
| free_label     = [[Nobel Laureates]]
| free           = 25&lt;ref&gt;[[Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk]] ''Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk''&lt;/ref&gt;
| students       = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;{{HESA citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| colours        = Blue, gowd, purpie
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| website = [http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ manchester.ac.uk]
| logo    = 
}}
'''The University o Manchester''' ('''UoM''') is a [[public varsity|public]] [[research]] [[varsity|university]] in the [[ceety]] o [[Manchester]], [[Ingland]], formed in [[2004]] bi the merger o the '''[[University o Manchester Institute o Science an Technology]]''' (est. 1956)&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760.&lt;/ref&gt; which haed its ultimate origins in the Mechanics' Institute established in the ceety in 1824 an the '''[[Victoria University o Manchester]]''' foondit bi charter in 1904 efter the dissolution o the federal Victoria University (which an aa haed members in Leeds an Liverpool), but oreeginatin in Owens College, foondit in Manchester in 1851.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760 and vol.23, p.462.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[File:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|left|University o Manchester]]
[[File:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|thumb|left|Main building, UMIST]]
{{commons category|University of Manchester|Varsity o Manchester}}
{{coord|53|27|56|N|2|14|01|W|type:edu|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manchester, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Manchester]]
[[Category:Eddication in Manchester]]
[[Category:Varsity o Manchester| ]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 2004]]
[[Category:Russell Group]]
[[Category:2004 establishments]]</text>
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      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Varsity o Manchester]] til [[University o Manchester]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4152" sha1="85krj3y9tzrxmm8hpg1t0ewplomdyra" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name           = The Varsity o Manchester
| image_name     = 
| caption        = 
| motto          = {{lang-la|Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas}}
| mottosco       = &quot;Knawledge, Wisdom, Humanity&quot;
| established    = 2004 - Varsity o Manchester&lt;br&gt; Predecessor institutions:&lt;br&gt; 1956 – [[UMIST]]&lt;br&gt; 1904 – [[Victoria Varsity o Manchester]]&lt;br&gt; 1880 – [[Victoria Varsity (Unitit Kinrick)|Victoria Varsity]]&lt;br&gt; 1851 – [[Owens College]]&lt;br&gt; 1824 – [[Manchester Mechanics' Institute]]
| city           = [[Manchester]]
| country        = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
| endowment      = £188.9 million {{small|(as o 31 Julie 2015)}}&lt;ref name=finstat&gt;{{cite web|url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2015|publisher=University of Manchester|accessdate=10 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121450/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| campus         = Urban an Suburban
| academic_staff = 3,849&lt;ref&gt;Facts and Figures, The University of Manchester, 2013, p24&lt;/ref&gt;
| president      = Dame [[Nancy Rothwell]]&lt;ref name=rothswho&gt;{{Who's Who | surname = ROTHWELL | othernames = Dame Nancy (Jane) | id = U43057 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chancellor     = [[Lemn Sissay]] MBE&lt;ref name=lemnchanc&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-02-01|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016134036/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| affiliations   = [[Varsities Research Association]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Russell Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[European Varsity Association|EUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[N8 Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[North West Varsities Association|NWUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Association o Commonwealth Varsities|ACU]] &lt;br/&gt; [[EASN]]
| free_label     = [[Nobel Laureates]]
| free           = 25&lt;ref&gt;[[Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk]] ''Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk''&lt;/ref&gt;
| students       = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;{{HESA citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| colours        = Blue, gowd, purpie
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| website = [http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ manchester.ac.uk]
| logo    = 
}}
'''The University o Manchester''' ('''UoM''') is a [[public varsity|public]] [[research]] [[varsity|university]] in the [[ceety]] o [[Manchester]], [[Ingland]], formed in [[2004]] bi the merger o the '''[[University o Manchester Institute o Science an Technology]]''' (est. 1956)&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760.&lt;/ref&gt; which haed its ultimate origins in the Mechanics' Institute established in the ceety in 1824 an the '''[[Victoria University o Manchester]]''' foondit bi charter in 1904 efter the dissolution o the federal Victoria University (which an aa haed members in Leeds an Liverpool), but oreeginatin in Owens College, foondit in Manchester in 1851.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760 and vol.23, p.462.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[File:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|left|University o Manchester]]
[[File:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|thumb|left|Main building, UMIST]]
{{commons category|University of Manchester|Varsity o Manchester}}
{{coord|53|27|56|N|2|14|01|W|type:edu|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manchester, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Manchester]]
[[Category:Eddication in Manchester]]
[[Category:Varsity o Manchester| ]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 2004]]
[[Category:Russell Group]]
[[Category:2004 establishments]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4159" sha1="41w1hhsbyjtuelzkomccwx13etea28x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name           = The Varsity o Manchester
| image_name     = 
| caption        = 
| motto          = {{lang-la|Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas}}
| mottosco       = &quot;Knawledge, Wisdom, Humanity&quot;
| established    = 2004 - Varsity o Manchester&lt;br&gt; Predecessor institutions:&lt;br&gt; 1956 – [[UMIST]]&lt;br&gt; 1904 – [[Victoria Varsity o Manchester]]&lt;br&gt; 1880 – [[Victoria Varsity (Unitit Kinrick)|Victoria Varsity]]&lt;br&gt; 1851 – [[Owens College]]&lt;br&gt; 1824 – [[Manchester Mechanics' Institute]]
| city           = [[Manchester]]
| country        = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
| endowment      = £188.9 million {{small|(as o 31 Julie 2015)}}&lt;ref name=finstat&gt;{{cite web|url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2015|publisher=University of Manchester|accessdate=10 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121450/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| campus         = Urban an Suburban
| academic_staff = 3,849&lt;ref&gt;Facts and Figures, The University of Manchester, 2013, p24&lt;/ref&gt;
| president      = Dame [[Nancy Rothwell]]&lt;ref name=rothswho&gt;{{Who's Who | surname = ROTHWELL | othernames = Dame Nancy (Jane) | id = U43057 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chancellor     = [[Lemn Sissay]] MBE&lt;ref name=lemnchanc&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-02-01|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016134036/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| affiliations   = [[Varsities Research Association]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Russell Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[European Varsity Association|EUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[N8 Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[North West Varsities Association|NWUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Association o Commonwealth Varsities|ACU]] &lt;br/&gt; [[EASN]]
| free_label     = [[Nobel Laureates]]
| free           = 25&lt;ref&gt;[[Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk]] ''Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk''&lt;/ref&gt;
| students       = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;{{HESA citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| colours        = Blue, gowd, purpie
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| website = [http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ manchester.ac.uk]
| logo    = 
}}
'''The University o Manchester''' ('''UoM''') is a [[public varsity|public]] [[research|resairch]] [[varsity|university]] in the [[ceety]] o [[Manchester]], Ingland, formed in [[2004]] bi the merger o the '''[[University o Manchester Institute o Science an Technologie]]''' (est. 1956)&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760.&lt;/ref&gt; whilk haed its ultimate oreegins in the Mechanics' Institute estaiblisht in the ceety in 1824 an the '''[[Victoria University o Manchester]]''' foondit bi charter in 1904 efter the dissolution o the federal Victoria University (whilk an aa haed memmers in Leeds an Liverpuil), but oreeginatin in Owens College, foondit in Manchester in 1851.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760 and vol.23, p.462.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[File:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|left|University o Manchester]]
[[File:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|thumb|left|Main building, UMIST]]
{{commons category|University of Manchester|Varsity o Manchester}}
{{coord|53|27|56|N|2|14|01|W|type:edu|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manchester, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Manchester]]
[[Category:Eddication in Manchester]]
[[Category:Varsity o Manchester| ]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 2004]]
[[Category:Russell Group]]
[[Category:2004 establishments]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4137" sha1="0xoutsa61ik4pu19pv5sh4dnltztpls" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name           = The University o Manchester
| motto          = {{lang-la|Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas}}
| mottosco       = &quot;Knawledge, Wisdom, Humanity&quot;
| established    = 2004 - University o Manchester&lt;br&gt; Predecessor institutions:&lt;br&gt; 1956 – [[UMIST]]&lt;br&gt; 1904 – [[Victoria University o Manchester]]&lt;br&gt; 1880 – [[Victoria University (Unitit Kinrick)|Victoria University]]&lt;br&gt; 1851 – [[Owens College]]&lt;br&gt; 1824 – [[Manchester Mechanics' Institute]]
| city           = [[Manchester]]
| country        = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
| endowment      = £188.9 million {{small|(as o 31 Julie 2015)}}&lt;ref name=finstat&gt;{{cite web|url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2015|publisher=University of Manchester|accessdate=10 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121450/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| campus         = Urban an Suburban
| academic_staff = 3,849&lt;ref&gt;Facts and Figures, The University of Manchester, 2013, p24&lt;/ref&gt;
| president      = Dame [[Nancy Rothwell]]&lt;ref name=rothswho&gt;{{Who's Who | surname = ROTHWELL | othernames = Dame Nancy (Jane) | id = U43057 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chancellor     = [[Lemn Sissay]] MBE&lt;ref name=lemnchanc&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-02-01|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016134036/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| affiliations   = [[Universities Resairch Association]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Russell Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[European Varsity Association|EUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[N8 Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[North West Varsities Association|NWUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Association o Commonwealth Varsities|ACU]] &lt;br/&gt; [[EASN]]
| free_label     = [[Nobel Laureates]]
| free           = 25&lt;ref&gt;[[Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk]] ''Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk''&lt;/ref&gt;
| students       = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;{{HESA citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| colours        = Blue, gowd, purpie
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| website = [http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ manchester.ac.uk]
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'''The University o Manchester''' ('''UoM''') is a [[public varsity|public]] [[research|resairch]] [[varsity|university]] in the [[ceety]] o [[Manchester]], Ingland, formed in [[2004]] bi the merger o the '''[[University o Manchester Institute o Science an Technologie]]''' (est. 1956)&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760.&lt;/ref&gt; whilk haed its ultimate oreegins in the Mechanics' Institute estaiblisht in the ceety in 1824 an the '''[[Victoria University o Manchester]]''' foondit bi charter in 1904 efter the dissolution o the federal Victoria University (whilk an aa haed memmers in Leeds an Liverpuil), but oreeginatin in Owens College, foondit in Manchester in 1851.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760 and vol.23, p.462.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[File:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|left|University o Manchester]]
[[File:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|thumb|left|Main building, UMIST]]
{{commons category|University of Manchester|Varsity o Manchester}}
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| name           = The University o Manchester
| motto          = {{lang-la|Cognitio, sapientia, humanitas}}
| mottosco       = &quot;Knawledge, Wisdom, Humanity&quot;
| established    = 2004 - University o Manchester&lt;br&gt; Predecessor institutions:&lt;br&gt; 1956 – [[UMIST]]&lt;br&gt; 1904 – [[Victoria University o Manchester]]&lt;br&gt; 1880 – [[Victoria University (Unitit Kinrick)|Victoria University]]&lt;br&gt; 1851 – [[Owens College]]&lt;br&gt; 1824 – [[Manchester Mechanics' Institute]]
| city           = [[Manchester]]
| country        = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
| endowment      = £188.9 million {{small|(as o 31 Julie 2015)}}&lt;ref name=finstat&gt;{{cite web|url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|title=Financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2015|publisher=University of Manchester|accessdate=10 December 2015|archive-date=2015-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121450/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=26250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| campus         = Urban an Suburban
| academic_staff = 3,849&lt;ref&gt;Facts and Figures, The University of Manchester, 2013, p24&lt;/ref&gt;
| president      = Dame [[Nancy Rothwell]]&lt;ref name=rothswho&gt;{{Who's Who | surname = ROTHWELL | othernames = Dame Nancy (Jane) | id = U43057 | volume = 2015 | edition = online [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| chancellor     = [[Lemn Sissay]] MBE&lt;ref name=lemnchanc&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-02-01|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016134036/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=14746|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| affiliations   = [[Universities Resairch Association]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Russell Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[European Varsity Association|EUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[N8 Group]]&lt;br/&gt; [[North West Varsities Association|NWUA]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Association o Commonwealth Varsities|ACU]] &lt;br/&gt; [[EASN]]
| free_label     = [[Nobel Laureates]]
| free           = 25&lt;ref&gt;[[Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk]] ''Leet o Varsity o Manchester fowk''&lt;/ref&gt;
| students       = {{HESA student population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;{{HESA citation}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=0204}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| colours        = Blue, gowd, purpie
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'''The University o Manchester''' ('''UoM''') is a [[public varsity|public]] [[research|resairch]] [[varsity|university]] in the [[ceety]] o [[Manchester]], Ingland, formed in [[2004]] bi the merger o the '''[[University o Manchester Institute o Science an Technologie]]''' (est. 1956)&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760.&lt;/ref&gt; whilk haed its ultimate oreegins in the Mechanics' Institute estaiblisht in the ceety in 1824 an the '''[[Victoria University o Manchester]]''' foondit bi charter in 1904 efter the dissolution o the federal Victoria University (whilk haed memmers in Leeds an Liverpuil an aa), but oreeginatin in Owens College, foondit in Manchester in 1851.&lt;ref&gt;Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edn) vol.7 p.760 and vol.23, p.462.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[File:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|left|University o Manchester]]
[[File:UMIST main building Whitworth Street.jpg|thumb|left|Main building, UMIST]]
{{commons category|University of Manchester|Varsity o Manchester}}
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      <text bytes="5633" sha1="188h2j4pbqw38btvd55z1gwnewzcpzz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox philosopher
| region = [[Wastren philosophy]]
| era = [[17t-century philosophour]]
| image = Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Peintin o Blaise Pascal made bi François II Quesnel tae Gérard Edelinck in 1691.
| name = Blaise Pascal
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1623|6|19}}
| birth_place = [[Clermont-Ferrand]],&lt;br /&gt;[[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]], [[Airly modren Fraunce|Fraunce]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1662|8|19|1623|6|19}}
| death_place = Pairis, Fraunce
| residence = Fraunce
| nationality = French
| school_tradition = {{vunblist |[[Jansenism]] |Proto-[[existentialism]]}}
| main_interests = {{hlist |Theology |Mathematics |Philosophy |[[Naitural philosophy]]}}
| influences = {{hlist |[[St. Augustine o Hippo]] |[[Michel de Montaigne]] |[[René Descartes]] |[[Cornelius Jansen]] |[[Epictetus]]}}
| influenced = {{hlist |[[Antoine Arnauld]] |[[Pierre Duhem]] |[[William James]] |[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|G. W. Leibniz]] |[[Léon Brunschvicg]] |[[Alexis de Tocqueville]] |[[Henri Bergson]]}}
| notable_ideas = {{vunblist |[[Pascal's Wager]] |[[Pascal's triangle]] |[[Pascal's law]] |[[Pascal's theorem]]}}
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
}}
'''Blaise Pascal''' (19 Juin 1623 – 19 August 1662) wis a French [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], inventor, screiver, an Catholic philosophour. He wis a [[bairn prodigy]] that wis educate bi his faither, a tax uplifter in [[Rouen]]. Pascal's airliest wark wis in the naitural an applied sciences whaur he wis makkin wechty contributions tae the study o [[fluid]]s, an reddin the concepts o [[pressur|pressure]] an [[vacuum]] bi generalisin the wark o [[Evangelista Torricelli]]. Pascal wrate in defence o the [[scientific method]] forbye.

In 1642, while still a teenager, he stertit some pioneerin wark on rackonin machines. Efter three year o travail an 50 prototypes, he biggit 20 feinish't machines (cried Pascal's calculators an later Pascalines) ower the follaein 10 year,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |language=fr|title=Les machines arithmétiques de Blaise Pascal|first=Guy|last=Mourlevat|year=1988|publisher=La Française d'Edition et d'Imprimerie|location=Clermont-Ferrand|page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; estaiblishin him as ane o the first twa inventors o the [[mechanical calculator]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal|title=Schickard versus Pascal: An Empty Debate?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215848/http://metastudies.net/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.SchicardvsPascal |archive-date=2014-04-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |language=fr|title=Histoire des instruments et machines à calculer, trois siècles de mécanique pensante 1642–1942|first=Jean|last=Marguin|year=1994|publisher=Hermann|isbn=978-2-7056-6166-3|page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |language=fr|title=Le calcul simplifié|first=Maurice|last=d'Ocagne|year=1893|publisher=Gauthier-Villars et fils|page=245|url=http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/fpage.cgi?8KU54-2.5/248/150/369/363/369}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pascal wis an important mathematician, helpin create twa major new areas o research: he wrate a substantial treatise on the [[projective geometry]] whan he wis 16 year auld, an later correspondit wi [[Pierre de Fermat]] on [[probability theory]], strangly influencin the up-biggin o modren economics an [[social sciences|social science]]. Follaein [[Galileo Galilei]] an Torricelli, in 1647, he rebuttit [[Aristotle]]'s follaers that threapit that naitur abhors a vacuum. Pascal's results led tae mony threaps afore they wir accepit.

In 1646, he an his sister Jacqueline identified wi the religious muivement athin [[Catholicism]] kent bi its detractours as [[Jansenism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11511a.htm |title=Blaise Pascal |accessdate=23 February 2009 |work=Catholic Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Follaein a religious expairience in late 1654, he yokit tae screivin influential warks on the philosophy an the theology. His twa maist weil-kent warks date frae this period: the ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' an the ''[[Pensées]]'', the hinner-ane set in the stour atween Jansenists an [[Jesuits]]. In that year, he wrate a wechty treatise anent the arithmetical triangle forbye. Atween 1658 an 1659, he wrate anent the [[cycloid]] an its yaise in wirkin oot the volume o solids.

Aa throu his life Pascal wis in fail halth, maistly efter the age o 18; he dee'd juist twa month efter his 39t birthday.&lt;ref&gt;Hald, Anders ''A History of Probability and Statistics and Its Applications before 1750'', (Wiley Publications, 1990) pp.44&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pascal, Blaise}}
[[Category:1623 births]]
[[Category:1662 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Clermont-Ferrand]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholic writers]]
[[Category:Writers frae Auvergne]]
[[Category:17t-century French writers]]
[[Category:17t-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:17t-century philosophers]]
[[Category:Aphorists]]
[[Category:Blaise Pascal| ]]
[[Category:Christian apologists]]
[[Category:Christian humanists]]
[[Category:Christian meestics]]
[[Category:Christian philosophers]]
[[Category:Creetics o atheism]]
[[Category:Converts tae Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Fluid deenamicists]]
[[Category:French mathematicians]]
[[Category:French philosophers]]
[[Category:French pheesicists]]
[[Category:French scientists]]
[[Category:17t-century French theologians]]
[[Category:Hypochondriacs]]
[[Category:Jansenists]]
[[Category:Probability theorists]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers]]
[[Category:17t-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Buirials at Saint-Étienne-du-Mont]]</text>
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    <title>Unitit States Senate</title>
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      <text bytes="3012" sha1="cz40okaaqej4tolz3dn4x92cjp52ioz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = #22427B
| name           = Unitit States Senate
| legislature    = 118t Unitit States Congress
| coa_pic        = Seal of the United States Senate.svg
| coa_caption    = [[Seal o the Unitit States Senate|Seal o the U.S. Senate]]
| logo_pic       =  Flag of the United States Senate.svg{{!}}border
| logo_caption   = Banner o the U.S. Senate
| logo_alt       = Banner o the Unitit States Senate
| house_type     = Upper house
| body           = Unitit States Congress
| term_limits    = None
| new_session    = {{start date|2023|1|3}}
| leader1_type   = [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States|Preses]]
| leader1        = [[Kamala Harris]]
| party1         = ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
| election1      = 20 Januar 2021
| leader2_type   = [[Preses pro tempore o the Unitit States Senate|Preses pro tempore]]
| leader2           = [[Patty Murray]]
| party2            = ([[Democratic Pairty (United States)|D]])
| election2         = 3 Januar 2023
| leader3_type   = [[Majority Leader o the Unitit States Senate|Majority Leader]]
| leader3        = [[Chuck Schumer]]
| party3         = ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
| election3      = 3 Januar 2021
| leader4_type   = [[Minority Leader o the United States Senate|Minority Leader]]
| leader4        = [[Mitch McConnell]]
| party4         = ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
| election4      = 3 Januar 2021
| leader5_type = Majority Whip
| leader5 = [[Dick Durbin]]
| party5 = ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
| election5 = 3 Januar 2021
| leader6_type = Minority Whip
| leader6 = John Thune
| party6 = ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
| election6 = 3 Januar 2015
| members        = 100
| structure1 = 
| structure1_res = 250px
| political_groups1 = '''Majority''' (50)&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
* {{nowrap|{{Color box|#000090|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] (48)}}
*{{nowrap|{{colorbox|#cccccc}} [[Independent politeecian|Independent]] (3)}}
&lt;!-- '''Vacant'''
*{{nowrap|{{colorbox|#FFFFFF}} ''vacant'' (0)}} --&gt;
'''Minority (49)'''
* {{nowrap|{{Color box|#900000|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|Republican]] (49)}}
| term_length    = 6 years
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post votin|First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = 8 November 2022
| next_election1 = 5 November 2024
| session_room   = Senatefloor.jpg
| meeting_place  = {{br separated entries |[[Unitit States Senate chamber|Senate chamber]] |[[Unitit States Capitol]] |[[Washington, D.C.]], [[Unitit States]]}}
| website        = {{URL|http://www.senate.gov}}
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The '''United States Senate''' is a legislative chamber in the bicameral [[legislatur]] o the [[United States|Unitit States]], an thegither wi the [[Unitit States Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]] maks up the [[Unitit States Congress|U.S. Congress]].

{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Politics o the Unitit States]]</text>
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{{Infobox Philippine region
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| other_name               = Ilocos Region
| map_file                 = Ph_locator_region_1.png
| island_group             = [[Luzon]]
| center                   = [[San Fernando, La Union|San Fernando {{small|(La Union)}}]]
| area_km2                 = 13,012.60
| population_as_of         = 2010
| population               = 4748372
| provinces                = {{Collapsible list
 | titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
 | title                   = 4
 | [[Ilocos Norte]]
 | [[Ilocos Sur]]
 | [[La Union]]
 | [[Pangasinan]]
 }}
| cities                   = {{Collapsible list
 | titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
 | title                   = 9
 | [[Alaminos, Pangasinan|Alaminos]]
 | [[Batac]]
 | [[Candon]]
 | [[Dagupan]]
 | [[Laoag]]
 | [[San Carlos, Pangasinan|San Carlos]]
 | [[San Fernando, La Union|San Fernando]]
 | [[Urdaneta, Pangasinan|Urdaneta]]
 | [[Vigan]]
 }}
| municipalities           = 116
| barangays                = 3,265
| districts                = 12
| languages                = {{hlist | item-style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Ilokano language|Ilocano]] | [[Pangasinan leid|Pangasinan]] | [[Bolinao language|Bolinao]] | [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]] | [[Inglis leid|Inglis]] }}
}}

The '''Ilocos Region''' ({{lang-ilo|Rehion ti Ilocos or Deppaar ti Ilocos}}; {{lang-fil|Rehiyon ng Ilocos}}) is an [[Region o the Philippines|admeenistrative region]] o the Philippines, designatit as '''Region I''', occupeein the northwastren section o [[Luzon]]. It is bordered bi the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] tae the east, the [[Cagayan Valley]] tae the northeast an sootheast, an the [[Central Luzon]] tae the sooth. Tae the wast lees the [[Sooth Cheenae Sea]].

The region comprises fower [[Provinces o the Philippines|provinces]]: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] an [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando, La Union|San Fernando]], La Union. 

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category}}
* {{OSM relation|1552186}}
* [http://iloko.tripod.com/Ilocano.html Ilocano: Ti Pagsasao ti Amianan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010302185140/http://iloko.tripod.com/Ilocano.html |date=2001-03-02 }}

[[Category:Ilocos Region| ]]
[[Category:Regions o the Philippines]]
[[Category:Luzon]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ghaist toun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>142528</id>
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      <comment>A dinnae think we uise the shorthand fur US states, chyngin tae full name</comment>
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      <text bytes="983" sha1="ksluh9b1jplpy8ljqrup877fxzzf417" xml:space="preserve">A '''ghaist toun''' is an abandoned [[veelage]], [[toun]], or [[ceety]], uisually ane whilk conteens substantial visible remeens. A toun aften becomes a ghaist toun acause the economic throu-pit that uphaudit it haes misgaun, or whit wi naitral or human-gart mishanters lik fludes, govrenment actions, lowseness that is oot o the theats, war, or nuclear mishanters. The term can whiles refer tae ceeties, touns, or neebourheids whilk is still populate, but significantly less nor in years past; for example thaim affectit bi heich levels o idleset or dereliction.&lt;ref name=&quot;Baker&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Baker |first= T. Lindsay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z4EFgxTW8oC&amp;pg=PR9 |title=More Ghost Towns of Texas |year=2003 |location=Norman, Oklahoma |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=0806135182|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghaist Toun}}
[[Category:Ghaist touns| ]]
[[Category:Urban decay]]
[[Category:Umwhile populatit places]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>San Juan, Nevada</title>
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    <id>142769</id>
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      <text bytes="1720" sha1="go59nl6pbyjr12wm7c796f4w21h4j50" xml:space="preserve">'''San Juan''' or '''Upper Camp''' is a [[ghaist toun]] that wis a minin camp o the Eldorado Mining District. It stuid at the heid o El Dorado Canyon, juist ablo whaur the toun o Nelson is the day, in Clark County, Nevada.

==History==
A minin camp wis set up efter siller wis fund in 1862 in the upper pairt o the San Juan burn. The siller ore wis shipped on the steamboats o the Colorado River.&lt;ref name=Lingenfelter&gt;[http://www.ansac.az.gov/UserFiles/PDF/08182014/X028_FMIBurtellLingenfelterSteamboats/FMI%20Lingenfelter%20Steamboats/Steamboats%20on%20the%20Colorado%20River%201852-1916.pdf  Richard E. Lingenfelter, Steamboats on the Colorado River, 1852-1916, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1978] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118031332/http://www.ansac.az.gov/UserFiles/PDF/08182014/X028_FMIBurtellLingenfelterSteamboats/FMI%20Lingenfelter%20Steamboats/Steamboats%20on%20the%20Colorado%20River%201852-1916.pdf |date=January 18, 2016 }}; pg. 33,35.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{GNIS|846971}}&lt;/ref&gt;
It wis fund that the veins were ower sma tae be mined at a profit, an San Juan wis abandoned weeks efter. A big stane biggin is the only thing left o the settlement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nevada mining book&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Paher |first1=Stanley |title=Nevada ghost towns and mining camps |date=1970 |publisher=Howell-North Books |page=176}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Nevada}}

{{Clear}}

[[Category:Ghaist touns in Clark Coonty, Nevada]]
[[Category:Minin commonties in Nevada]]
[[Category:Nevada Territory]]
[[Category:Steamboats o the Colorado River]]
[[Category:Ghaist touns in Nevada]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1861]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Nevada Territory]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chayote</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>143094</id>
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      <text bytes="2492" sha1="mapz7z5trwju9ip0l22q84r5qnzrq7e" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name = Chayote
|image = Chayote BNC.jpg
|image_caption = '''Chayote fruit'''
|image2 = Chayote cross section BNC.jpg
|image2_caption = '''Chayote fruit cross section'''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Cucurbitales]]
|familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Sechium]]''
|species = '''''S. edule'''''
|binomial = ''Sechium edule''
|binomial_authority = ([[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]]) [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]
|synonyms =
* ''Chayota edulis'' [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]]
* ''Sicyos edulis'' [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]]
|synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=GRIN&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?33453|title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy|access-date=2016-05-19|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150140/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?33453|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
|}}

{{nutritionalvalue
| name=Chayote, fruit, raw
| water-94.24 g
| kJ=80
| protein=0.82 g
| fat=0.13 g
| carbs=4.51 g
| fiber=1.7 g
| sugars=1.66 g
| calcium_mg=17
| iron_mg=0.34
| magnesium_mg=12
| phosphorus_mg=18
| potassium_mg=125
| zinc_mg=0.74
| manganese=0.189
| vitC_mg=7.7
| thiamin_mg=0.025
| riboflavin_mg=0.029
| niacin_mg=0.47
| pantothenic_mg=0.249
| vitB6_mg=0.076
| folate_ug=93
| vitE_mg=0.12
| vitK_ug=4.1
| source_usda=1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=11149&amp;format=Full Airtin tae USDA Database entry]
}}
'''Chayote'''&lt;ref name=GRIN/&gt; ('''''Sechium edule''''') is an edible [[plant]] belangin tae the [[gourd]] faimily [[Cucurbitaceae]], alang wi [[melon]]s, [[cucumber]]s an [[squash (vegetable)|squash]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Mexico]]
[[Category:Craps oreeginatin frae Americae]]
[[Category:Cucurbitaceae|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Flora o Barbados]]
[[Category:Flora o Central Americae|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Flora o Guatemala]]
[[Category:Flora o Jamaica]]
[[Category:Flora o Mexico|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Flora o Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora o Tabasco|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Flora o Veracruz|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Flora o the Yucatán Peninsula|Sechium edule]]
[[Category:Fruit vegetables]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants o Central Americae]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants o North Americae]]
[[Category:Mexican cuisine]]
[[Category:Salvadoran cuisine]]
[[Category:Tropical agricultur]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bartholin's gland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>143578</id>
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      <text bytes="1370" sha1="gz63d1ep8o5swtobncvqni94q6j97fo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Bartholin's gland
| Latin       = glandula vestibularis major
| GraySubject = 270
| GrayPage    = 1266
| Image       = Skenes gland.jpg
| Caption     = Female genital organs
| Width       = 190
| Precursor   = [[Urogenital sinus]]
| Artery      = [[Deep freemit pudendal artery|freemit pudendal artery]]&lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot;&gt;[http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lucywebsite/vestib_gl.html Greater Vestibular (Bartholin) gland]&lt;/ref&gt;
| Nerve       = [[ilioinguinal nerve]]&lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot; /&gt;
| Lymph       = [[superficial inguinal lymph nodes]]
| MeshName    = Bartholin's+Glands
| MeshNumber  = A05.360.319.887.220
| Dorlands    = nine/000953163
| DorlandsID  = Bartholin gland
}}
The '''Bartholin's glands''' (cried '''Bartholin glands''' or '''greater vestibular glands''' an aw) are twa pea sized [[compoond racemose glands]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.&lt;/ref&gt; locatit slichtly posterior an tae the left an richt o the openin o the [[vagina]]. They secrete mucus tae [[Vaginal lubrication|lubricate the vagina]] an are [[homology (biology)|homologous]] tae [[bulbourethral gland]]s in males.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartholin's Gland}}
[[Category:Glands]]
[[Category:Exocrine system]]
[[Category:Mammal female reproductive system]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aye-aye</title>
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    <id>144162</id>
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      <text bytes="2355" sha1="6cirb2msa0xl4hi5s0dimmgwhwtmn9j" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = Aye-aye
| taxon = Daubentonia madagascariensis
| grandparent authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1863
| parent authority = [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|É. Geoffroy]], 1795
| authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1788
| display parents = 3
| image = Wild aye aye.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{IUCN | id = 6302 | taxon = Daubentonia madagascariensis | assessors = Andriaholinirina, N., ''et al''. | assessment_year = 2012 | version = 2014.1 | accessdate = 12 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search/scientific_name=Daubentonia | title = Checklist of CITES Species | website = CITES | publisher = UNEP-WCMC | accessdate = 18 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = {{species list
|'''D. madagascariensis'''|
|†[[Giant aye-aye|D. robusta]]}}
| synonyms =
Family:
*Cheiromyidae &lt;small&gt;I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1851&lt;/small&gt;
*Chiromyidae &lt;small&gt;Bonaparte, 1850&lt;/small&gt;
Genus:
*''Aye-aye'' &lt;small&gt;Lacépède, 1799&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cheiromys'' &lt;small&gt;G. Cuvier, 1817&lt;/small&gt;
*''Cheyromys'' &lt;small&gt;É. Geoffroy, 1803&lt;/small&gt;
*''Chiromys'' &lt;small&gt;Illiger, 1811&lt;/small&gt;
*''Myslemur'' &lt;small&gt;Anon. [?de Blainville], 1846&lt;/small&gt;
*''Myspithecus'' &lt;small&gt;de Blainville, 1839&lt;/small&gt;
*''Psilodactylus'' &lt;small&gt;Oken, 1816&lt;/small&gt;
*''Scolecophagus'' &lt;small&gt;É. Geoffroy, 1795&lt;/small&gt;
Species:
*''daubentonii'' &lt;small&gt;Shaw, 1800&lt;/small&gt;
*''laniger'' &lt;small&gt;G. Grandidier, 1930&lt;/small&gt;
*''psilodactylus'' &lt;small&gt;Schreber, 1800&lt;/small&gt;
| range_map = Daubentonia madagascariensis range map.svg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of{{-}}''Daubentonia madagascariensis''{{r|IUCN}}
}}
The '''aye-aye''' (''Daubentonia madagascariensis'') is a [[lemur]], a [[Strepsirrhini|strepsirrhine]] [[primate]] hamelt in [[Madagascar]] wi [[rodent]]-lik teeth that perpetually grow&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url = |title = Primates Prosimiens|last = Petter|first = J|date = 1977|journal = ORSTOM|doi = |pmid = |access-date = |last2 = Albignac|first2 = R|last3 = Rumpler|first3 = Y}}&lt;/ref&gt; an a special thin middle finger.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1788]]
[[Category:EDGE species]]
[[Category:Lemurs]]
[[Category:Mammals o Madagascar]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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    <title>Varsity o St Andrews</title>
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    <id>144269</id>
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    <title>Watter o Girvan</title>
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      <text bytes="1471" sha1="kz3sygtepw701ijcikl9faikg6c8xm0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Across The Water Of Girvan - geograph.org.uk - 1461648.jpg|right|thumb|This brig cairies a vehicle track ower the Watter o Girvan, an is pairt o the Straiton Paths' &quot;Village Ramble&quot;]]
The '''Watter o Girvan''' (or '''River Girvan''') ({{lang-gd|Garbhan / Abhainn Gharbhain}}) is a river in [[Sooth Ayrshire]]. Its soorce is at Loch Girvan Eye, in the Carrick Forest pairt o the Galloway Forest Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Edlin |first1=Herbert L. |editor1-last=Edlin |editor1-first=Herbert L. |author-link=Herbert L. Edlin |title=Galloway Forest Park |date=1974 |publisher=HMSO |location=Edinburgh |isbn=0-1149-1179-7 |page=23 |edition=4 |chapter=Mountains, lochs and rivers}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Ayrshire Rivers Trust gies the soorce as Loch Braden Reservoir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ayrshire Rivers Trust {{!}} River Girvan|url=http://www.ayrshireriverstrust.org/river-girvan/|access-date=2022-11-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The {{convert|28|mi|km|adj=on|abbr=off}} river gangs throu the villages o Straiton,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Love |first1=Dane |title=Ayrshire then &amp; now |date=2012 |publisher=The History Press |location=Stroud |isbn=9780752474786 |page=90}}&lt;/ref&gt; Crosshill an [[Dailly]] on its wey tae the [[Firth o Clyde]] at [[Girvan]] Harbour.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|55|15|N|4|51|W|display=title|region:GB_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Sooth Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Rivers o Sooth Ayrshire|Girvan]]
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    <title>University of London</title>
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    <title>University o Lunnon</title>
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    <id>146286</id>
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      <text bytes="3127" sha1="bx86ck58jja1xnfeioj5o4v3hhvc7kp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox University
|name = Varsity o Lunnon
|image_name = University of London.svg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Varsity o Lunnon [[Coat o Airms]]
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|latin_name = Universitas Londiniensis
|established = 1836
|chancellor = [[Anne, Princess Ryal|The Princess Ryal]]
|vice_chancellor = [[Adrian Smith (stateestician)|Sir Adrian Smith]]
|head_label = [[Veesitor]]
|head = [[Chris Grayling|Christopher Grayling]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|[[Laird Preses o the Cooncil]]}}
|city = Lunnon
|country = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|coor = {{coord|51|31|16|N|0|07|44|W|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline,title}}
|students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=LON}} internal ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;Combined tot o {{HESA citation}} The leetit institutuions in the tot are [[Birkbeck, Varsity o Lunnon|Birkbeck]], [[Central School of Speech and Drama]], [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], [[Goldsmiths, Varsity o Lunnon|Goldsmiths]], [[Institute of Cancer Research]], [[Institute of Education]], [[King's College London|King's College]], [[London Business School|Business School]], [[London School of Economics|School of Economics]], [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine|School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]], [[Queen Mary, Varsity o Lunnon|Queen Mary]], [[Royal Academy of Music]], [[Royal Holloway, Varsity o Lunnon|Royal Holloway]], [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[SOAS, Varsity o Lunnon|School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[St George's, Varsity o Lunnon|St George's]], [[#Leeted bouks|Central institutes &amp; activities]] an [[Heythrop College]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;50,000 International Programmes&lt;ref name=&quot;External&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/about_us/index.shtml |title=About us |work=[[University of London International Programmes]] website |accessdate=2007-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
|colours = {{scarf|{{cell3|#010963}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#FF0000}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#010963}}}}
|website = [http://www.london.ac.uk london.ac.uk]
|logo = [[File:UofLondon logo.png|center|250px]]
}}
The '''Varsity o Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|University of London}}) is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] locatit in [[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]], conseestin o 18 constituent colleges, 10 research institutes an a nummer o central bouks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|title=About us|publisher=University of London|date=2 April 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012|archive-date=2016-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905140556/http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|University of London|Varsity o Lunnon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:London, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o Lunnon| ]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges in Lunnon]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Category:Exempt charities]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927879</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
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      <text bytes="3130" sha1="scfole3ys7kfli74esxzlxoo0nvmae3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox University
|name = Varsity o Lunnon
|image_name = University of London.svg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Varsity o Lunnon [[Coat o Airms]]
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|latin_name = Universitas Londiniensis
|established = 1836
|chancellor = [[Anne, Princess Ryal|The Princess Ryal]]
|vice_chancellor = [[Adrian Smith (stateestician)|Sir Adrian Smith]]
|head_label = [[Veesitor]]
|head = [[Chris Grayling|Christopher Grayling]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|[[Laird Preses o the Cooncil]]}}
|city = Lunnon
|country = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|coor = {{coord|51|31|16|N|0|07|44|W|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline,title}}
|students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=LON}} internal ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;Combined tot o {{HESA citation}} The leetit institutuions in the tot are [[Birkbeck, Varsity o Lunnon|Birkbeck]], [[Central School of Speech and Drama]], [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], [[Goldsmiths, Varsity o Lunnon|Goldsmiths]], [[Institute of Cancer Research]], [[Institute of Education]], [[King's College London|King's College]], [[London Business School|Business School]], [[London School of Economics|School of Economics]], [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine|School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]], [[Queen Mary, Varsity o Lunnon|Queen Mary]], [[Royal Academy of Music]], [[Royal Holloway, Varsity o Lunnon|Royal Holloway]], [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[SOAS, Varsity o Lunnon|School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[St George's, Varsity o Lunnon|St George's]], [[#Leeted bouks|Central institutes &amp; activities]] an [[Heythrop College]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;50,000 International Programmes&lt;ref name=&quot;External&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/about_us/index.shtml |title=About us |work=[[University of London International Programmes]] website |accessdate=2007-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
|colours = {{scarf|{{cell3|#010963}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#FF0000}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#010963}}}}
|website = [http://www.london.ac.uk london.ac.uk]
|logo = [[File:UofLondon logo.png|center|250px]]
}}
The '''University o Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|University of London}}) is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity]] locatit in [[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]], conseestin o 18 constituent colleges, 10 research institutes an a nummer o central bouks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|title=About us|publisher=University of London|date=2 April 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012|archive-date=2016-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905140556/http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|University of London|Varsity o Lunnon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:London, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o Lunnon| ]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges in Lunnon]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Category:Exempt charities]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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      <id>927889</id>
      <parentid>927879</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:26:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <text bytes="3146" sha1="nmgkf99yxod32zzde3f70be0ce7c7co" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox University
|name = Varsity o Lunnon
|image_name = University of London.svg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Varsity o Lunnon [[Coat o Airms]]
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|latin_name = Universitas Londiniensis
|established = 1836
|chancellor = [[Anne, Princess Ryal|The Princess Ryal]]
|vice_chancellor = [[Adrian Smith (stateestician)|Sir Adrian Smith]]
|head_label = [[Veesitor]]
|head = [[Chris Grayling|Christopher Grayling]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|[[Laird Preses o the Cooncil]]}}
|city = Lunnon
|country = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|coor = {{coord|51|31|16|N|0|07|44|W|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline,title}}
|students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=LON}} internal ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;Combined tot o {{HESA citation}} The leetit institutuions in the tot are [[Birkbeck, Varsity o Lunnon|Birkbeck]], [[Central School of Speech and Drama]], [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], [[Goldsmiths, Varsity o Lunnon|Goldsmiths]], [[Institute of Cancer Research]], [[Institute of Education]], [[King's College London|King's College]], [[London Business School|Business School]], [[London School of Economics|School of Economics]], [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine|School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]], [[Queen Mary, Varsity o Lunnon|Queen Mary]], [[Royal Academy of Music]], [[Royal Holloway, Varsity o Lunnon|Royal Holloway]], [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[SOAS, Varsity o Lunnon|School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[St George's, Varsity o Lunnon|St George's]], [[#Leeted bouks|Central institutes &amp; activities]] an [[Heythrop College]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;50,000 International Programmes&lt;ref name=&quot;External&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/about_us/index.shtml |title=About us |work=[[University of London International Programmes]] website |accessdate=2007-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
|colours = {{scarf|{{cell3|#010963}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#FF0000}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#010963}}}}
|website = [http://www.london.ac.uk london.ac.uk]
|logo = [[File:UofLondon logo.png|center|250px]]
}}
The '''University o Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|University of London}}) is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity|resairch university]] locatit in [[Lunnon]], Ingland, conseestin o 18 constituent colleges, 10 resairch institutes an a nummer o central bouks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|title=About us|publisher=University of London|date=2 April 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012|archive-date=2016-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905140556/http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|University of London|Varsity o Lunnon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:London, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o Lunnon| ]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges in Lunnon]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Category:Exempt charities]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927890</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:26:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927890</origin>
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      <text bytes="3151" sha1="incu3taol1gj3g7a2rck193ag4n50ty" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox University
|name = University o Lunnon
|image_name = University of London.svg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = University o Lunnon [[Coat o Airms]]
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|latin_name = Universitas Londiniensis
|established = 1836
|chancellor = [[Anne, Princess Ryal|The Princess Ryal]]
|vice_chancellor = [[Adrian Smith (stateestician)|Sir Adrian Smith]]
|head_label = [[Veesitor]]
|head = [[Chris Grayling|Christopher Grayling]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|[[Lord Preses o the Cooncil]]}}
|city = Lunnon
|country = Ingland, Unitit Kinrick
|coor = {{coord|51|31|16|N|0|07|44|W|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline,title}}
|students = {{HESA student population|INSTID=LON}} internal ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;&gt;Combined tot o {{HESA citation}} The leetit institutuions in the tot are [[Birkbeck, Varsity o Lunnon|Birkbeck]], [[Central School of Speech and Drama]], [[Courtauld Institute of Art]], [[Goldsmiths, Varsity o Lunnon|Goldsmiths]], [[Institute of Cancer Research]], [[Institute of Education]], [[King's College London|King's College]], [[London Business School|Business School]], [[London School of Economics|School of Economics]], [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine|School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]], [[Queen Mary, Varsity o Lunnon|Queen Mary]], [[Royal Academy of Music]], [[Royal Holloway, Varsity o Lunnon|Royal Holloway]], [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[SOAS, Varsity o Lunnon|School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[St George's, Varsity o Lunnon|St George's]], [[#Leeted bouks|Central institutes &amp; activities]] an [[Heythrop College]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;50,000 International Programmes&lt;ref name=&quot;External&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.londonexternal.ac.uk/about_us/index.shtml |title=About us |work=[[University of London International Programmes]] website |accessdate=2007-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad      = {{HESA undergraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad       = {{HESA postgraduate population|INSTID=LON}} ({{HESA year}})&lt;ref name=&quot;HESA citation&quot;/&gt;
|colours = {{scarf|{{cell3|#010963}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#FF0000}}{{cell|white}}{{cell3|#010963}}}}
|website = [http://www.london.ac.uk london.ac.uk]
|logo = [[File:UofLondon logo.png|center|250px]]
}}
The '''University o Lunnon''' ({{lang-en|University of London}}) is a [[collegiate varsity|collegiate]] [[research varsity|resairch university]] locatit in [[Lunnon]], Ingland, conseestin o 18 constituent colleges, 10 resairch institutes an a nummer o central bouks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|title=About us|publisher=University of London|date=2 April 2012|accessdate=12 July 2012|archive-date=2016-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905140556/http://www.london.ac.uk/aboutus.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|University of London|Varsity o Lunnon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:London, Varsity O}}
[[Category:Varsity o Lunnon| ]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges in Lunnon]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions established in 1836]]
[[Category:Exempt charities]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in the Unitit Kinrick]]</text>
      <sha1>incu3taol1gj3g7a2rck193ag4n50ty</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Collogue:University o Lunnon</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>146287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927876</id>
      <parentid>530186</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Collogue:Varsity o Lunnon]] til [[Collogue:University o Lunnon]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="43" sha1="sveda89fsgz2615ifq2p25lctelcc0w" xml:space="preserve">{{translatit page|en|University of London}}</text>
      <sha1>sveda89fsgz2615ifq2p25lctelcc0w</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>River Nairn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>149613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927758</id>
      <parentid>896089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:53:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927758</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1101" sha1="1i72pr4xzi13w2dh2sgoamz16r7y5vk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:River Nairn at Inverarnie - geograph.org.uk - 219602.jpg|thumb|The River Nairn at Inverarnie]]
The '''River Nairn''' ({{lang-gd|Narann / Abhainn Narann}}) is a 35 mile lang&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Salmon Fishing - River Nairn Scotland |url=https://www.trout-salmon-fishing.com/scotland-river-nairn.htm#:~:text=For%20much%20of%20its%20thirty%20five%20mile%20length,,easily%20covered%20by%20a%20ten%20foot%20single%20hander. |website=Trout and Salmon Fishing in Scotland |access-date=23 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; river in the [[Scots Hielands]]. It rises in the Monadhliath Mountains an flows north-east throu Strathnairn tae enter the [[Moray Firth]] at [[Nairn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=River Nairn from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst3106.html|access-date=2024-06-27|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|57|35|N|3|52|W|display=title|region:GB_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Rivers o Hieland (cooncil area)|Nairn]]
[[Category:Moray Firth catchment area|0Nairn]]
{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loch Inari</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927742</id>
      <parentid>798074</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:26:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1429" sha1="hzjb46dsmxm3d9n7ki4ynitv3lyfljf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox bouk o watter
| name = Loch Inarijärvi
| image = Inari lake.jpg
| image_bathymetry = Inarijärvi.png
| location = [[Inari, Finland|Inari]], [[Lapland (Finland)|Province o Lapland]]
| coords = {{coord|69|00|N|28|00|E|region:FI_type:waterbody_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| outflow = Paatsjoki
| basin_countries = Finland
| length = 80 km
| width = 50 km
| area = 1,040.28 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=jw /&gt;
| depth = 15 m
| max-depth = 96 m
| volume = 15.9 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| shore = 3,308 km
| elevation = 118.7 m&lt;ref name=jw /&gt;
| islands = 3318 (Hautuumaasaari, Ukonkivi)
| cities = [[Inari, Finland|Inari]]
| reference = &lt;ref name=jw&gt;[http://www.jarviwiki.fi/w/index.php?title=Inarij%C3%A4rvi_%2871.111.1.001%29&amp;setlang=en Inarijärvi]. Järviwiki Web Service. Finnish Environment Institute. Retrieved 2014-03-07. {{in lang|en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''Loch Inarijärvi''' ({{lang-fi|Inarijärvi/Inarinjärvi}}, {{lang-se|Anárjávri}}, {{lang-smn|Aanaarjävri}}, {{lang-sms|Aanarjäuˊrr}}, {{lang-sv|Enare träsk}}, {{lang-no|Enaresjøen}}) is the biggest loch in Sápmi an the third-biggest [[loch]] in [[Finland]]. It is in the north o [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]], an empties throu the Paatsjoki intae the Barents Sea.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lochs o Finland|Inari]]
[[Category:Inari, Finland]]
[[Category:Paatsjoki basin|Inari]]
[[Category:Laundforms o Lapland (Finland)]]
{{Stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cardonal, Glesga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>153557</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927922</id>
      <parentid>885179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:15:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1395" sha1="iach94bnldzqhzbq64twnn94kmuq7iy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
 |country = Scotland
 |official_name= Cardonal
 |gaelic_name= Cair Dhòmhnaill
 |english_name= Cardonald
 |population= 
 |os_grid_reference= NS528643
 |coordinates = {{coord|55.8494|-4.3528|display=inline,title}}
 |unitary_scotland = [[Politics o Glesga|Glesga Ceety Cooncil]]
 |lieutenancy_scotland = Glesga
 |constituency_westminster= [[Glesga Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Glesga Sooth Wast]]
 |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Glesga Pollok (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Glesga Pollok]]
 |post_town= GLASGOW
 |postcode_district = G52
 |postcode_area= G
 |dial_code= 0141
 |static_image_name = Highrise flats in Cardonald in 2009.jpg
 |static_image_caption = Heichrise flats in Cardonal
}}
'''Cardonal''' ({{lang-en|Cardonald}}, {{lang-gd|Cair Dhòmhnaill}})&lt;ref name=railwaynames&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html |title=List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic – NewsNetScotland |access-date=2016-08-16 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122064223/http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; is an ootlyin suburb o the [[Scotland|Scots]] ceety o [[Glesga]].

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}{{Auries o Glesga}}</text>
      <sha1>iach94bnldzqhzbq64twnn94kmuq7iy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927964</id>
      <parentid>927922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T22:03:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927964</origin>
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      <text bytes="1380" sha1="if3yrdzl9kzkqx7v28gxu4b4o5e6tpc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
 |country = Scotland
 |official_name= Cardonal
 |gaelic_name= Cair Dhòmhnaill
 |english_name= Cardonald
 |os_grid_reference= NS528643
 |coordinates = {{coord|55.8494|-4.3528|display=inline,title}}
 |unitary_scotland = [[Politics o Glesga|Glesga Ceety Cooncil]]
 |lieutenancy_scotland = Glesga
 |constituency_westminster= [[Glesga Sooth Wast (UK Pairlament constituency)|Glesga Sooth Wast]]
 |constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Glesga Pollok (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Glesga Pollok]]
 |post_town= GLASGOW
 |postcode_district = G52
 |postcode_area= G
 |dial_code= 0141
 |static_image_name = Highrise flats in Cardonald in 2009.jpg
 |static_image_caption = Heichrise flats in Cardonal
}}
'''Cardonal''' ({{lang-en|Cardonald}}, {{lang-gd|Cair Dhòmhnaill}})&lt;ref name=railwaynames&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html |title=List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic – NewsNetScotland |access-date=2016-08-16 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122064223/http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; is an ootlyin suburb o the [[Scotland|Scots]] ceety o [[Glesga]].

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}{{Auries o Glesga}}</text>
      <sha1>if3yrdzl9kzkqx7v28gxu4b4o5e6tpc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tobolsk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>154946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927980</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59946-27</username>
        <id>140061</id>
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      <text bytes="3038" sha1="jmhb2wkn4yczexozvyfftgvv7yzcb6x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian town
|en_name=Tobolsk
|ru_name=Тобольск
|image_skyline=Tobolsk Kremlin by Dmitry Medvedev.jpg
|image_caption=Tobolsk Kremlin
|coordinates = {{coord|58|12|N|68|16|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=Last Sunday o Juin
|holiday_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Holiday&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Airticle&amp;nbsp;2&lt;/ref&gt;
|federal_subject=[[Tyumen Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot;&gt;Law #53&lt;/ref&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=December 2014
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject signeeficance|Toun]] o Tobolsk
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Tobolsky Destrict]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of2=Toun o Tobolsk
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=Toun
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2014
|urban_okrug_jur=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot;&gt;Law #263&lt;/ref&gt;
|mun_admctr_of1=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of2=Tobolsky Municipal Destrict
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot;&gt;Charter o Tobolsk, Article&amp;nbsp;20&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_name=Vladimir Mazur
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadNm&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk Toun Admeenistration. [http://admtobolsk.ru/telefon Structur o the Admeenistration o the Toun o Tobolsk] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=[[Tobolsk Toun Duma|Toun Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot; /&gt;
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=October 2014
|area_km2=221.98
|area_km2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk. [http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru/mo/Tobolsk/economics/invest_politic/passport/info/more.htm?id=10514921@cmsArticle General Information] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2010census=99694
|pop_2010census_rank=165th
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=June&amp;nbsp;14,{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} 1587
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Preamble&lt;/ref&gt;
|current_cat_date=1590
|current_cat_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot; /&gt;
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=626111, 626147, 626148, 626150–626153, 626155–626159
|dialing_codes=3456
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru
|website_ref=
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Tobolsk''' is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Tyumen Oblast]], [[Roushie]], locatit at the [[confluence]] o the [[Tobol River|Tobol]] an [[Irtysh River]]s. It is a historic caipital o [[Siberie]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=99,694|p2002=92,880|p1989=94,143}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Tyumen Oblast]]
[[Category:Tobolsk Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1587]]</text>
      <sha1>jmhb2wkn4yczexozvyfftgvv7yzcb6x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927982</id>
      <parentid>927980</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T01:53:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undae revision [[Special:Diff/927980|927980]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59946-27|~2026-59946-27]] ([[User talk:~2026-59946-27|Tauk]]) it remuives uissfu info fur nae gien reason.. Gin it's an incorrect  Scots name fur a leid, jist mend it, dinnae delete it</comment>
      <origin>927982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3070" sha1="1xk39id1urvdvsemyoygc9q60jybcjr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian town
|en_name=Tobolsk
|ru_name=Тобольск
|image_skyline=Tobolsk Kremlin by Dmitry Medvedev.jpg
|image_caption=Tobolsk Kremlin
|coordinates = {{coord|58|12|N|68|16|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=Last Sunday o Juin
|holiday_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Holiday&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Airticle&amp;nbsp;2&lt;/ref&gt;
|federal_subject=[[Tyumen Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot;&gt;Law #53&lt;/ref&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=December 2014
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject signeeficance|Toun]] o Tobolsk
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Tobolsky Destrict]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of2=Toun o Tobolsk
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=Toun
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2014
|urban_okrug_jur=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot;&gt;Law #263&lt;/ref&gt;
|mun_admctr_of1=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of2=Tobolsky Municipal Destrict
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot;&gt;Charter o Tobolsk, Article&amp;nbsp;20&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_name=Vladimir Mazur
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadNm&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk Toun Admeenistration. [http://admtobolsk.ru/telefon Structur o the Admeenistration o the Toun o Tobolsk] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=[[Tobolsk Toun Duma|Toun Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot; /&gt;
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=October 2014
|area_km2=221.98
|area_km2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk. [http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru/mo/Tobolsk/economics/invest_politic/passport/info/more.htm?id=10514921@cmsArticle General Information] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2010census=99694
|pop_2010census_rank=165th
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=June&amp;nbsp;14,{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} 1587
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Preamble&lt;/ref&gt;
|current_cat_date=1590
|current_cat_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot; /&gt;
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=626111, 626147, 626148, 626150–626153, 626155–626159
|dialing_codes=3456
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru
|website_ref=
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Tobolsk''' (Tatar Siberianach: Себер) is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Tyumen Oblast]], [[Roushie]], locatit at the [[confluence]] o the [[Tobol River|Tobol]] an [[Irtysh River]]s. It is a historic caipital o [[Siberie]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=99,694|p2002=92,880|p1989=94,143}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Tyumen Oblast]]
[[Category:Tobolsk Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1587]]</text>
      <sha1>1xk39id1urvdvsemyoygc9q60jybcjr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927983</id>
      <parentid>927982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T02:03:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undae revision [[Special:Diff/927982|927982]] bi [[Special:Contributions/Grilledcheeseisgreat|Grilledcheeseisgreat]] ([[User talk:Grilledcheeseisgreat|Tauk]])It's vandalism fae a yeir back</comment>
      <origin>927983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3038" sha1="jmhb2wkn4yczexozvyfftgvv7yzcb6x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Russian town
|en_name=Tobolsk
|ru_name=Тобольск
|image_skyline=Tobolsk Kremlin by Dmitry Medvedev.jpg
|image_caption=Tobolsk Kremlin
|coordinates = {{coord|58|12|N|68|16|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=Last Sunday o Juin
|holiday_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Holiday&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Airticle&amp;nbsp;2&lt;/ref&gt;
|federal_subject=[[Tyumen Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot;&gt;Law #53&lt;/ref&gt;
|adm_data_as_of=December 2014
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject signeeficance|Toun]] o Tobolsk
|adm_city_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Tobolsky Destrict]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|adm_ctr_of2=Toun o Tobolsk
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_cat=Toun
|inhabloc_cat_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref446&quot; /&gt;
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=October 2014
|urban_okrug_jur=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot;&gt;Law #263&lt;/ref&gt;
|mun_admctr_of1=Tobolsk Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|mun_admctr_of2=Tobolsky Municipal Destrict
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref447&quot; /&gt;
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot;&gt;Charter o Tobolsk, Article&amp;nbsp;20&lt;/ref&gt;
|leader_name=Vladimir Mazur
|leader_name_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadNm&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk Toun Admeenistration. [http://admtobolsk.ru/telefon Structur o the Admeenistration o the Toun o Tobolsk] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|representative_body=[[Tobolsk Toun Duma|Toun Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;HeadLegis&quot; /&gt;
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=October 2014
|area_km2=221.98
|area_km2_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot;&gt;Offeecial wabsteid o Tobolsk. [http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru/mo/Tobolsk/economics/invest_politic/passport/info/more.htm?id=10514921@cmsArticle General Information] {{ru icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_2010census=99694
|pop_2010census_rank=165th
|pop_2010census_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;2010Census&quot;&gt;{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=June&amp;nbsp;14,{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} 1587
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;GenInfo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot;&gt;Chairter o Tobolsk, Preamble&lt;/ref&gt;
|current_cat_date=1590
|current_cat_date_ref=&lt;ref name=&quot;EstStat&quot; /&gt;
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=626111, 626147, 626148, 626150–626153, 626155–626159
|dialing_codes=3456
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://tobolsk.admtyumen.ru
|website_ref=
|date=May 2010
}}
'''Tobolsk''' is a [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|toun]] in [[Tyumen Oblast]], [[Roushie]], locatit at the [[confluence]] o the [[Tobol River|Tobol]] an [[Irtysh River]]s. It is a historic caipital o [[Siberie]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=99,694|p2002=92,880|p1989=94,143}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ceeties an touns in Tyumen Oblast]]
[[Category:Tobolsk Govrenorate]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1587]]</text>
      <sha1>jmhb2wkn4yczexozvyfftgvv7yzcb6x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>River Bogie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>155388</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927751</id>
      <parentid>896076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:49:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="767" sha1="a4znsnbrqkdzrdk7zhmjd97gb67521u" xml:space="preserve">[[File:River Bogie at Huntly - geograph.org.uk - 105811.jpg|thumb|The River Bogie near [[Huntly]]]]
The '''River Bogie''' ({{lang-gd|Balgaidh}}), or the '''Watter o Bogie''', is a river in the north-wast o [[Aiberdeenshire]], in the north-east o [[Scotland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The New Statistical Account of Sscotland - Auchindoir and Kearn|url=https://www.electricscotland.com/history/statistical/auchindoir_kearn.htm|access-date=2024-06-27|website=www.electricscotland.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It flows north throu Strathbogie an jynes the [[River Deveron]] juist efter Huntly. It is weel kent for its broon troot fishin.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|57.3748|-2.7939|dim:10000_region:GB|display=title}}

[[Category:Rivers o Aiberdeenshire|Bogie]]
{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
      <sha1>a4znsnbrqkdzrdk7zhmjd97gb67521u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gowdfish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>155701</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927921</id>
      <parentid>803433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:12:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927921</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1298" sha1="90bwu2jillloaetkig24ot0av73yq8y" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Goldfish
| status = Domesticatit
| image = Goldfish3.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Cypriniformes]]
| familia = [[Cyprinidae]]
| genus = ''[[Carassius]]''
| species = ''C. auratus''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=508 |title=USGS-NAS, Non-indigenous Aquatic Species |accessdate=2015-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fishbase&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?GenusName=Carassius&amp;SpeciesName=auratus%20auratus |title=''Carassius auratus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |publisher=Fishbase |accessdate=2015-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| species_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
}}
The '''gowdfish''' (''Carassius auratus'') is a [[freshwatter fish]] in the [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Cyprinidae]] o [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Cypriniformes]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fishbase&quot;/&gt; It wis ane o the earliest [[fish]] tae be [[domestication|domesticatit]], an is ane o the maist commonly kept [[Leet o freshwatter aquarium fish species|aquarium fish]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fishbase&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Gowdfish| ]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Carassius]]
[[Category:Fishkeepin]]
[[Category:Invasive fish species]]
{{Stub/Fish}}</text>
      <sha1>90bwu2jillloaetkig24ot0av73yq8y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>156197</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927801</id>
      <parentid>837027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:49:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927801</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1958" sha1="lt5093smthj2n7rp5gkokayb4dxs6kk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox anatomy
| Name        = Anus
| Latin       = Anus
| GraySubject = 249
| GrayPage    = 1184
| Image       = Protovsdeuterostomes.svg
| Caption     = Formation o anus in proto- an deuterostomes
| Precursor   = Proctodeum
| System      = Alimentary, sometimes reproductive
| Artery      = Inferior rectal artery
| Vein        = Inferior rectal vein
| Nerve       = Inferior rectal nerves
| Lymph       = Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name= Anus
| Image = Female and male anus.jpg
| Caption = The anus o a [[female]] (left, wi prominent [[perineal raphe]]) an a [[male]] (richt).
}}
[[File:Human anus-en.svg|thumb|left|upright= 1.8|Anatomy o the human anus. Frontal section.]]
The '''anus''' ({{etymology|la|anus|ring, anus}}, which is frae [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''*h₁eh₂no-'', meanin &quot;ring&quot;, &quot;circle&quot;)&lt;ref Name=&quot;Albuquerque&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Martim de Albuquerque |first=|title=Notes and Queries |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1873 |location=Original from the University of Michigan |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=FEn-C_BzRdMC&amp;pg=PA119&amp;dq=latin+butthole+ring}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref Name=&quot;O'Reilly&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=An Irish-English Dictionary |publisher=J. Duffy |year=1864 |location=Original from Oxford University |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=dX8NAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA7&amp;dq=latin+butthole+ring |doi= |id=|author=Edward O'Reilly, John O'Donovan}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an openin at the opposite end o an ainimal's [[digestive tract]] frae the mooth. Its function is tae control the expulsion o [[faeces]], unwantit semi-solit matter produced during digestion. The human anus is the freemit openin o the [[rectum]]. Twa [[sphincter]]s control the exit o [[faeces]] frae the bouk during an act o [[defecation]], which is the primar function o the anus.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Digeestive seestem]]
[[Category:Anus]]


[[Category:Digeestive seestem]]
[[Category:Anus| ]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Université de Paris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>157059</id>
    <redirect title="University o Paris" />
    <revision>
      <id>927902</id>
      <parentid>550304</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:27:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>2526</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[University o Paris]]</comment>
      <origin>927902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="frjqubcwv9zf5esptu1562tabzkknni" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>frjqubcwv9zf5esptu1562tabzkknni</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saunt Nicholas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>157635</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927834</id>
      <parentid>914417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:08:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927834</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4911" sha1="e2wa710xucwzn9og5g6rtsv5lsu2qc5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saint
|name=Saunt Nicholas
|birth_date={{Birth date|270|3|15|df=y}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Book of Martyrs |publisher=Catholic Book Publishing |year=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|death_date={{Death date and age|343|12|6|270|3|15|df=y}}
|feast_day= {{OldStyleDate|6 December||19 December}} (main feast day – [[Saint Nicholas Day]])&lt;br /&gt;{{OldStyleDate|9 May||22 May}} ([[translation (relics)|translation]] of relics)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stnicholascenter.org/Brix?pageID=494 |publisher=Saint Nicholas Center |title=Serbia |accessdate=4 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|venerated_in=[[Anglicanism]], [[Baptist]], [[Catholicism]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Methodism]], [[Reformed]]
|image=Icon c 1500 St Nicholas.JPG
|caption= Roushie icon depictin St Nicholas wi scenes frae his life. Late 15t century or early 16t century. Naitional Museum, Stockholm. |birth_place=[[Patara (Lycia)|Patara]], [[Roman Empire]]
|death_place=[[Myra]], [[Roman Empire]]
|titles=Defender o Orthodoxy, Wonderwirker, Haly Hierarch, Bishop o Myra
|canonized_by=Pre-congregation
|attributes=[[vestments|Vestit]] as a Bishop. In [[Eastren Christianity]], wearin an [[omophorion]] an hauldin a [[Gospel Beuk]]. Sometimes shawn wi [[Jesus Christ]] ower ane shoulder, hauldin a Gospel Beuk, an wi the [[Theotokos]] ower the ither shoulder, hauldin an omophorion
|patronage= Bairn, [[Cooper (profession)|coopers]], sailors, fishermen, merchants, broadcasters, the falsely accused, repentant thieves, brewers, [[pharmacist]]s, [[airchery|airchers]], [[pawnbroker]]s, [[Aiberdeen]], [[Galway]], [[Roushie]], [[Greece]], [[Hellenic Navy]], [[Liverpuil]], [[Bari]], [[Siggiewi]], [[Moscow]], [[Amsterdam]], [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] an [[Duchy o Lorraine]].
|major_shrine=[[Basilica di San Nicola (Bari)|Basilica di San Nicola]], [[Bari]], Italy
}}
'''Saunt Nicholas''' ({{lang-el|Ἅγιος Νικόλαος}}, {{transl|el|''Hágios Nikólaos''}}, {{lang-la|Sanctus Nicolaus}}); (15 Mairch 270 – 6 December 343),&lt;ref name=center&gt;{{cite web|title=Who is St. Nicholas?|url=http://www.stnicholascenter.org/Brix?pageID=38|publisher=St. Nicholas Center|accessdate=7 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=St. Nicholas|url=http://www.roca.org/OA/5/5m.htm|publisher=Orthodox America|accessdate=7 December 2010|archive-date=2011-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907060906/http://www.roca.org/OA/5/5m.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, cried '''Nikolaos o Myra''' an aa, wis a historic 4t-century Christian [[saunt]] an [[Greeks|Greek]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Cunningham, Lawrence|title=A brief history of saints|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000cunn|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000cunn/page/33 33]|isbn=978-1-4051-1402-8|quote=The fourth-century Saint Nikolaos of Myra, Greek Anatolia (in present-day [[Turkey]]) spread to Europe through the port city of Bari in southern Italy... Devotion to the saint in the Low countries became blended with Nordic folktales, transforming this early Greek bishop into that Christmas icon, Santa Claus’. }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bishop o Myra]], in [[Asie Minor]] (modren-day [[Demre]], Turkey).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1= Lloyd |first1= John |last2 = Mitchinson |first2= John|date=December 2008|title= The book of general ignorance (Noticeably stouter edition)|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign0000lloy_e8h9|location= |publisher= Faber and Faber|page= [https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign0000lloy_e8h9/page/n318 318]|isbn= 978-0-571-24692-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Acause o the mony [[miracle]]s attributit tae his [[intercession]], he is forby kent as '''Nikolaos the Wonderwirker''' ({{lang|el|Νικόλαος ὁ Θαυματουργός}}, {{transl|el|''Nikólaos ho Thaumaturgós''}}). His reputation evolved amang the faithfu, as wis common for [[early Christian saunts]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Charles W. |last=Jones |title=Saint Nikolaos of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend |url=https://archive.org/details/saintnicholasofm0000jone_s1u6 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1978 |isbn= 978-0-226-40700-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt; an his legendary habit o secret gift-givin gae rise tae the tradeetional model o [[Santae Claus]] throu [[Sinterklaas]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholas O Myra}}
[[Category:270 births]]
[[Category:343 daiths]]
[[Category:3rd-century beeshops]]
[[Category:4t-century beeshops]]
[[Category:3rd-century Romans]]
[[Category:4t-century Romans]]
[[Category:4t-century Christian saunts]]
[[Category:Saunts frae Roman Anatolie]]
[[Category:Buirials at the Basilica di San Nicola]]
[[Category:Buirials in Turkey]]
[[Category:Christemmas chairacters]]
[[Category:Christian fowklair]]
[[Category:Humanitarians]]
[[Category:Santa Claus]]
[[Category:Sinterklaas]]
[[Category:Wonderwirkers]]
{{Stub/Releegion}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="4911" sha1="3fxgn198e3p454iq6hzl26hcq59zgh3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox saunt
|name=Saunt Nicholas
|birth_date={{Birth date|270|3|15|df=y}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Book of Martyrs |publisher=Catholic Book Publishing |year=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|death_date={{Death date and age|343|12|6|270|3|15|df=y}}
|feast_day= {{OldStyleDate|6 December||19 December}} (main feast day – [[Saint Nicholas Day]])&lt;br /&gt;{{OldStyleDate|9 May||22 May}} ([[translation (relics)|translation]] of relics)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stnicholascenter.org/Brix?pageID=494 |publisher=Saint Nicholas Center |title=Serbia |accessdate=4 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|venerated_in=[[Anglicanism]], [[Baptist]], [[Catholicism]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Methodism]], [[Reformed]]
|image=Icon c 1500 St Nicholas.JPG
|caption= Roushie icon depictin St Nicholas wi scenes frae his life. Late 15t century or early 16t century. Naitional Museum, Stockholm. |birth_place=[[Patara (Lycia)|Patara]], [[Roman Empire]]
|death_place=[[Myra]], [[Roman Empire]]
|titles=Defender o Orthodoxy, Wonderwirker, Haly Hierarch, Bishop o Myra
|canonized_by=Pre-congregation
|attributes=[[vestments|Vestit]] as a Bishop. In [[Eastren Christianity]], wearin an [[omophorion]] an hauldin a [[Gospel Beuk]]. Sometimes shawn wi [[Jesus Christ]] ower ane shoulder, hauldin a Gospel Beuk, an wi the [[Theotokos]] ower the ither shoulder, hauldin an omophorion
|patronage= Bairn, [[Cooper (profession)|coopers]], sailors, fishermen, merchants, broadcasters, the falsely accused, repentant thieves, brewers, [[pharmacist]]s, [[airchery|airchers]], [[pawnbroker]]s, [[Aiberdeen]], [[Galway]], [[Roushie]], [[Greece]], [[Hellenic Navy]], [[Liverpuil]], [[Bari]], [[Siggiewi]], [[Moscow]], [[Amsterdam]], [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] an [[Duchy o Lorraine]].
|major_shrine=[[Basilica di San Nicola (Bari)|Basilica di San Nicola]], [[Bari]], Italy
}}
'''Saunt Nicholas''' ({{lang-el|Ἅγιος Νικόλαος}}, {{transl|el|''Hágios Nikólaos''}}, {{lang-la|Sanctus Nicolaus}}); (15 Mairch 270 – 6 December 343),&lt;ref name=center&gt;{{cite web|title=Who is St. Nicholas?|url=http://www.stnicholascenter.org/Brix?pageID=38|publisher=St. Nicholas Center|accessdate=7 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=St. Nicholas|url=http://www.roca.org/OA/5/5m.htm|publisher=Orthodox America|accessdate=7 December 2010|archive-date=2011-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907060906/http://www.roca.org/OA/5/5m.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, cried '''Nikolaos o Myra''' an aa, wis a historic 4t-century Christian [[saunt]] an [[Greeks|Greek]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Cunningham, Lawrence|title=A brief history of saints|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000cunn|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000cunn/page/33 33]|isbn=978-1-4051-1402-8|quote=The fourth-century Saint Nikolaos of Myra, Greek Anatolia (in present-day [[Turkey]]) spread to Europe through the port city of Bari in southern Italy... Devotion to the saint in the Low countries became blended with Nordic folktales, transforming this early Greek bishop into that Christmas icon, Santa Claus’. }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bishop o Myra]], in [[Asie Minor]] (modren-day [[Demre]], Turkey).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1= Lloyd |first1= John |last2 = Mitchinson |first2= John|date=December 2008|title= The book of general ignorance (Noticeably stouter edition)|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign0000lloy_e8h9|location= |publisher= Faber and Faber|page= [https://archive.org/details/bookofgeneralign0000lloy_e8h9/page/n318 318]|isbn= 978-0-571-24692-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Acause o the mony [[miracle]]s attributit tae his [[intercession]], he is forby kent as '''Nikolaos the Wonderwirker''' ({{lang|el|Νικόλαος ὁ Θαυματουργός}}, {{transl|el|''Nikólaos ho Thaumaturgós''}}). His reputation evolved amang the faithfu, as wis common for [[early Christian saunts]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Charles W. |last=Jones |title=Saint Nikolaos of Myra, Bari, and Manhattan: Biography of a Legend |url=https://archive.org/details/saintnicholasofm0000jone_s1u6 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1978 |isbn= 978-0-226-40700-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt; an his legendary habit o secret gift-givin gae rise tae the tradeetional model o [[Santae Claus]] throu [[Sinterklaas]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicholas O Myra}}
[[Category:270 births]]
[[Category:343 daiths]]
[[Category:3rd-century beeshops]]
[[Category:4t-century beeshops]]
[[Category:3rd-century Romans]]
[[Category:4t-century Romans]]
[[Category:4t-century Christian saunts]]
[[Category:Saunts frae Roman Anatolie]]
[[Category:Buirials at the Basilica di San Nicola]]
[[Category:Buirials in Turkey]]
[[Category:Christemmas chairacters]]
[[Category:Christian fowklair]]
[[Category:Humanitarians]]
[[Category:Santa Claus]]
[[Category:Sinterklaas]]
[[Category:Wonderwirkers]]
{{Stub/Releegion}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Margay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927819</id>
      <parentid>839671</parentid>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="2379" sha1="s8ha9zic957it7qa8jxk5a2mjaqqlq9" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Margay
| status = NT
| trend = down
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{IUCN |assessor=de Oliveira, T. |assessor2=Paviolo, A. |assessor3=Schipper, J. |assessor4=Bianchi, R. |assessor5=Payan, E. |assessor6=Carvajal, S.V. |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2015 |id=11511 |title=Leopardus wiedii |version=2016.2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Margaykat Leopardus wiedii.jpg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Felidae]]
| genus = ''[[Leopardus]]''
| species = '''''L. wiedii'''''
| binomial = ''Leopardus wiedii''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Wozencraft | pages = 539–540|id=14000119}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| binomial_authority = ([[Heinrich Rudolf Schinz|Schinz]], 1821)
| range_map = Margay area.png
| range_map_caption = Margay range
| synonyms = *''Felis wiedii''
}}

The '''margay''' (''Leopardus wiedii'') is a smaw wild [[felidae|cat]] hamelt in [[Central Americae|Central]] an [[Sooth Americae]] that is leetit as [[Near-threatened species|Near Threatened]] bi the [[IUCN]] syne 2008 acause remainin populations are thocht tae be declinin due tae loss o habitat follaein conversion o forests.

==Subspecies==
These are the currently recognisit subspecies:&lt;ref name=msw3/&gt;
*''Leopardus wiedii wiedii'', eastren an central [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]], northren [[Argentinae]]
*''Leopardus wiedii amazonicus'', wastren Brazil, inner pairts o [[Peru]], [[Colombie]] an [[Venezuela]]
*''Leopardus wiedii boliviae'', [[Bolivie]] - kent as the &quot;ocelittle&quot; an aw
*''Leopardus wiedii cooperi'', northren [[Mexico]]
*''Leopardus wiedii glauculus'', central Mexico
*''Leopardus wiedii nicaraguae'', [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]]
*''Leopardus wiedii oaxacensis'', soothren Mexico
*''Leopardus wiedii pirrensis'', [[Panama]], Colombie, [[Ecuador]], Peru
*''Leopardus wiedii salvinius'', [[Chiapas]], [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]]
*''Leopardus wiedii yucatanicus'', [[Yucatán Peninsula|Yucatán]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{wikispecies|Leopardus wiedii|Margay}}
{{commons|Leopardus wiedii|Margay}}

[[Category:Leopardus]]
[[Category:Mammals o Mexico]]
[[Category:Mammals o Brazil]]
[[Category:Mammals o Peru]]
[[Category:Mammals o Bolivie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guatemala]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guyana]]
{{stub/Feline}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>European bison</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927937</id>
      <parentid>564728</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T19:25:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
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      <text bytes="3323" sha1="8o8sy9hrhs5qxv1h7ictj3oubcoykte" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = European bison
| status = VU
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref =&lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{IUCN2008|assessor= Olech, W.|assessor2= IUCN SSC Bison Specialist Group|year=2008|id=2814|title=Bison bonasus|downloaded=14 January 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = European bisons .jpg
| image_caption = Wisent in a French wildlife reserve
| image_width = 250px
| taxon = Bison bonasus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = *''Bison bonasus bonasus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*†''[[Carpathie wisent|Bison bonasus hungarorum]]''
*†''[[Caucasie wisent|Bison bonasus caucasicus]]''
| range_map = Bison bonasus distribution.svg
}}
The '''European bison''' (''Bison bonasus''), kent as '''wisent''' or the '''European firth bison''', is a [[Eurasie]] [[species]] o [[bison]]. It is ane o twa extant species o bison, alangside the [[American bison]]. Three subspecies existit in the recent past, but anerly ane survives the day. The species is stryndit frae a hybrid, a cross atween a female [[Aurochs]], the extinct wild ancestor o modren cattle, an a male [[Steppe bison]]; the oreeginal hybrid is kent informally as the '''Higgs bison'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news88542.html |title=The Higgs Bison - mystery species hidden in cave art |date=19 October 2016 |publisher=The University of Adelaide |accessdate=13 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Soubrier2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Soubrier |first1=J. |last2=Gower |first2=G. |last3=Chen |first3=K. |last4=Richards |first4=S. M. |last5=Llamas |first5=B. |last6=Mitchell |first6=K. J. |last7=Ho |first7=S. Y. W. |last8=Kosintsev |first8=P. |last9=Lee |first9=M. S. Y. |last10=Baryshnikov |first10= G. |last11=Bollongino |first11=R. |last12=Bover |first12=P. |last13=Burger |first13=J. |last14=Chivall |first14=D. |last15=Crégut-Bonnoure |first15=E. |last16=Decker |first16=J. E. |last17=Doronichev |first17=V. B. |last18=Douka |first18=K. |last19=Fordham |first19=D. A. |last20=Fontana |first20=F. |last21=Fritz |first21=C. |last22=Glimmerveen |first22=J. |last23=Golovanova |first23=L. V. |last24=Groves |first24= C. |last25=Guerreschi |first25= A. |last26=Haak |first26=W. |last27=Higham |first27=T. |last28=Hofman-Kamińska |first28= E. |last29=Immel |first29=A. |last30=Julien |first30=M.-A. |last31=Krause |first31= J. |last32=Krotova |first32= O. |last33=Langbein |first33= F. |last34=Larson |first34=G. |last35=Rohrlach |first35=A. |last36=Scheu |first36=A. |last37=Schnabel |first37=R. D. |last38=Taylor |first38=J. F. |last39=Tokarska |first39=M. |last40=Tosello |first40=G. |last41=van der Plicht |first41=J. |last42=van Loenen |first42= A. |last43=Vigne |first43=J.-D. |last44=Wooley |first44= O. |last45=Orlando |first45=L. |last46=Kowalczyk |first46= R. |last47=Shapiro |first47= B. |last48=Cooper |first48=A. |title=Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison |journal=Nature Communications |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13158 |volume=7 |issue=13158 |date=18 October 2016 |doi=10.1038/ncomms13158 |access-date=2016-11-26 |pmid=27754477 |pmc=5071849}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Bison]]
[[Category:Mammals o Europe]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Eurasie]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dugong</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>160847</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>849346</parentid>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
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      <text bytes="2511" sha1="2i0ziax9gyyq8s1ralbpyf26o5s0c16" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| name = Dugong&lt;ref name=MSW3&gt;{{MSW3 Sirenia |id = 11600005 |page = 92}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| status = VU
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | authors =Marsh, H. &amp; Sobtzick, S. | title = ''Dugong dugon'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume=2015 | page =e.T6909A43792211  | publisher = [[IUCN]] | year =2015 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6909A43792211.en | accessdate =22 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Dugong Marsa Alam.jpg
| image_caption = A dugong in [[Marsa Alam]]
| grandparent_authority = [[George Gaylord Simpson|Simpson]], 1932
| genus = Dugong
| parent_authority = [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1799
| species = dugon
| authority = ([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Muller|Müller]], 1776)
| range_map = Dugong-range.png
| range_map_caption = Dugong range
}}
The '''dugong''' (''Dugong dugon'') is a medium-sized [[marine mammal]]. It is ane o fower livin species o the order [[Sirenia]], which includes three species o [[manatee]]s an aa.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCNpdf&quot;&gt;Marsh, H. ''et al.'' (2002). [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2002-001.pdf Dugong: status reports and action plans for countries and territories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121143/https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2002-001.pdf |date=7 October 2016 }}. IUCN.&lt;/ref&gt; It is the anly livin memmer o the ance-diverse faimily [[Dugongidae]]; its closest modren relative, [[Steller's sea cou]] (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), wis huntit tae [[extinction]] in the 18t yearhunner. The dugong is the anly strictly [[seawatter|marine]] [[herbivorous]] mammal.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCNpdf&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q129544}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sirenians]]
[[Category:Fauna o Micronesie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Soothwast Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Middle East]]
[[Category:Fauna o the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Mammals o Australie]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Australie]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Eurasie]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Africae]]
[[Category:Vulnerable fauna o Australie]]
[[Category:Monoteepic mammal genera]]
[[Category:EDGE species]]
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1776]]
[[Category:Mammals o Malaysie]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Philippines]]
[[Category:Mammals o Indonesie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Somalie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Singapore]]
[[Category:Taxa named bi Bernard Germain de Lacépède]]
{{stub/Craitur}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Airchaeologist</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>161109</id>
    <redirect title="Archaeology" />
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      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Archaeology]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="lhrbdsh8v2un719b6q6oorheawqd7p6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Archaeology]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>African buffalo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>161138</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:46:01Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3443" sha1="2xbkck8raqtdeklgmgn354ha2ulkdgr" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn&quot;&gt;{{Cite iucn|author= IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group|title= ''Syncerus caffer''|page= e.T21251A50195031 |year= 2019|access-date= 24 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| name = African buffalo
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.7|0}}&lt;small&gt;[[Middle Pleistocene]]-[[Holocene]]&lt;/small&gt;
| image = Serengeti Bueffel1.jpg
| image_caption = An African buffalo at [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]], Tanzanie.
| taxon = Syncerus caffer
| parent_authority = [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Hodgson]], 1847
| authority = ([[Anders Sparrman|Sparrman]], 1779)
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = 
''S. c. caffer''&lt;br/&gt;
''[[African Forest Buffalo|S. c. nanus]]''&lt;br/&gt;
''S. c. brachyceros''&lt;br/&gt;
''S. c. aequinoctialis''&lt;br/&gt;
''S. c. mathewsi''
}}
The '''African buffalo''' or '''Cape buffalo''' (''Syncerus caffer'') is a muckle [[Africae|African]] bovine.&lt;ref name=&quot;MSW3&quot;&gt;{{MSW3 Artiodactyla | id = 14200707 | pages = 695-696}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is no closely relatit tae the slichtly bigger [[wild watter buffalo]] o Aisie an its ancestry remains unclear. ''Syncerus caffer caffer'', the Cape buffalo, is the teepical subspecies, an the biggest ane, foond in Sooth an East Africae. ''S. c. nanus'' ([[African forest buffalo]]) is the smawest subspecies, common in forest auries o Central an Wast Africae, while ''S. c. brachyceros'' is in Wast Africae an ''S. c. aequinoctialis'' is in the [[savanna]]s o Central Africae. The adult buffalo's horns are its chairacteristic feature; they hae fused bases, fuirmin a conteenous bane shield athort the tap o the heid referred tae as a &quot;boss&quot;. They are widely regairdit as vera dangerous ainimals, as they gore an kill ower 200 fowk every year.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Syncerus caffer|Syncerus caffer&lt;br/&gt;(African buffalo)}}
{{wikispecies|Syncerus caffer}}

[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1779]]
[[Category:Bovines]]
[[Category:Fauna o the Sahara]]
[[Category:Mammals o Burkina Faso]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sooth Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sooth Sudan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Angolae]]
[[Category:Fauna o Wast Africae]]
[[Category:Fauna o Central Africae]]
[[Category:Megafauna o Africae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Botswana]]
[[Category:Mammals o Burundi]]
[[Category:Mammals o Cameroon]]
[[Category:Mammals o Chad]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Democratic Republic o the Congo]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Republic o the Congo]]
[[Category:Mammals o Ivory Coast]]
[[Category:Mammals o Equatorial Guinea]]
[[Category:Mammals o Ethiopie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Gabon]]
[[Category:Mammals o Ghana]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guinea]]
[[Category:Mammals o Guinea-Bissau]]
[[Category:Mammals o Kenyae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Liberie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Malawi]]
[[Category:Mammals o Mali]]
[[Category:Mammals o Namibie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Mozambique]]
[[Category:Mammals o Niger]]
[[Category:Mammals o Nigerie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Rwanda]]
[[Category:Mammals o Senegal]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sierra Leone]]
[[Category:Mammals o Somalie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Sudan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Tanzanie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Togo]]
[[Category:Mammals o Uganda]]
[[Category:Mammals o Zambie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Zimbabwe]]
[[Category:Mammals o Benin]]
[[Category:Extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Yerbivorous ainimals]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
      <sha1>2xbkck8raqtdeklgmgn354ha2ulkdgr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>161534</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927796</id>
      <parentid>882059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:47:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927796</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107120" sha1="mwj94uxyucoc6g4y006mxe7psnzysss" xml:space="preserve">This is a leet o the [[warld]]'s [[sovereign state]]s an thair [[dependent territory|dependent territories]] bi area, ranked bi tot area.

== Sovereign states an dependencies bi area ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right&quot;
|-
! Rank&lt;br&gt; !! Sovereign state/dependency !! Tot in km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) !! Laund in km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) !! Watter in km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) !! % watter !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
| {{hs|{{nts|0}}}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{noflag|[[Warld]]}} || {{convert|510072000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|148940000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|361132000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 70.8 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | 
|-
| {{nts|1}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Roushie}} || {{convert|17098246|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|16377742|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|720500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.21 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in the warld (10.995% o the warld's landmass); its [[Siberie|Asian portion]] maks it the lairgest kintra in [[Asie]], an its [[European Roushie|European portion]] o roughly {{convert|3960000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} maks it the lairgest kintra in [[Europe]].{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn disna include the area o [[Crimea]] ({{convert|27,000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), ''[[de facto]]'' controlled bi Roushie, claimed bi [[Ukraine]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|1vend}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{noflag|[[Antarcticae]]}} || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|14000000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | {{convert|13720000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} (98%) o laund area is covered bi [[ice]]. Tho nae itsel a kintra, areas are claimed bi a nummer o kintras.{{#tag:ref|The follaein kintras hae territorial claims in Antarcticae: [[Argentine Antarcticae|Argentinae]] ({{convert|969000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Australie Antarctic Territory|Australie]] ({{convert|5896500|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Antártica Chilena Province|Chile]] ({{convert|1250000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Adélie Laund|Fraunce]] ({{convert|432000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Ross Dependency|New Zealand]] ({{convert|450000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), [[Queen Maud Laund|Norawa]] ({{convert|2500000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an [[Breetish Antarctic Territory|Unitit Kinrick]] ({{convert|1395000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), which tae some extent owerlap. The area frae {{coor d Antarctic|90|W}} tae {{coor d Antarctic|150|W}} ({{convert|2100000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) is currently unclaimed territory. Thir areas uisually hae na human indwallers, excludin scientists.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|2}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Canadae}} || {{convert|9984670|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9093507|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|891163|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.93 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in the [[Wastren Hemisphere]], wi the lairgest surface area o watter. Tot area an watter area figurs include area covered bi freshwatter anly, an dinna include internal watters (non-freshwater) o aboot 1,600,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or territorial sea o 200,000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm|title=Land and freshwater area, by province and territory|last=Canada|first=Government of Canada, Statistics|website=www.statcan.gc.ca|access-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/marinezones-zonesmarines/index-eng.html|title=Oceans|last=Branch|first=Government of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Communications|website=www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca|access-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{nts|3}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cheenae}} ||style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;|{{convert|9596961|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9326410|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|270550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.82 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Seicont lairgest kintra in [[Asie]], efter [[Roushie]]. Excludes [[Taiwan]], [[Sino-Indian border dispute|disputit territories wi Indie]], an [[Sooth Cheenae Sea Islands|disputit islands in the Sooth Cheenae Sea]] (tot 137,296&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;).{{#tag:ref|The follaein twa primar soorces (non-mirrored) represent the range (min./max.) o tot area for Cheenae an the Unitit States.

Baith soorces (1) ''exclude'' Taiwan frae the area o Cheenae; (2) ''exclude'' Cheenae's coastal an territorial watters

Houever, the CIA World Factbook ''includes'' the Unitit States coastal an territorial waters, while Encyclopædia Britannica ''excludes'' the Unitit States coastal an territorial watters.

{{ordered list
|1= The ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' leets Cheenae as warld's third-lairgest kintra (efter [[Roushie]] an [[Canadae]]) wi a tot area o 9,572,900 sq km,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/111803/China-quick-facts|title=China|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|accessdate=3 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the [[Unitit States]] as fowert-lairgest at 9,525,067 sq km.&lt;ref name=&quot;United States&quot;/&gt;
|2= The [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] leets Cheenae as fowert-lairgest kintra (efter Roushie, Canadae an the Unitit States) wi a tot area o 9,596,960 sq km,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|title=China|publisher=CIA|accessdate=3 July 2016|archive-date=2016-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013030611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the Unitit States as the third-lairgest at 9,833,517 sq km.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html|title=United States|publisher=CIA|accessdate=3 July 2016|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225135647/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html%20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Notably, Encyclopædia Britannica specifies the Unitit States' area (excludin coastal an territorial watters) as 9,525,067 sq km, which is less nor either soorce's figur gien for Cheenae's area.&lt;ref name=&quot;United States&quot;/&gt; Tharefore, while it can be determined that Cheenae haes a mair muckle area excludin coastal an territorial waters, it is unclear which kintra haes a mair muckle area includin coastal an territorial watters.

----

[[Unitit Naitions Stateestics Diveesion]]'s figur for the Unitit States is 9,833,517 sq km an Cheenae is 9,596,961 sq km. Thir closely match the CIA World Factbook figurs an similarly ''include'' coastal an territorial watters for the Unitit States, but ''exclude'' coastal an territorial waters for Cheenae.

----

Further explanation o disputit rankin: The dispute for warld's third-lairgest kintra arose frae the inclusion o Coastal an Territorial watters for the Unitit States. This discrepancy wis deduced frae comparin the CIA World Factbook an its previous iterations&lt;ref name=&quot;31 Years of CIA World Factbook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theodora.com/wfb/|title=31 Years of CIA World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=31 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; against the information for Unitit States on ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', pairteecularly its fitnote section.&lt;ref name=&quot;United States&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/616563/United-States-quick-facts|title=United States|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|accessdate=3 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In sum, accordin tae aulder versions o the CIA World Factbook (from 1982 to 1996), the US wis leetit as the warld's fowert-lairgest kintra (efter Roushie, Canadae, an Cheenae) wi a tot area o 9,372,610 sq km. Houever, in the 1997 edeetion, the US addit Coastal waters tae its tot area (increasin it tae 9,629,091 sq km). An then again in 2007, US addit Territorial watter tae its tot area (increasin it tae 9,833,517 sq km). During this time, Cheenae's tot area remained unchynged. In ither wirds, ''na'' Coastal or Territorial watter space wis addit tae Cheenae's tot area figur. The Unitit States haes a Coastal watter area o 109,362 sq km, an a Territorial watter area o 195,213 sq km, for a tot o 304,575 sq km o addeetional watter space. This is lairger than entire kintras lik [[Italy]], [[New Zealand]], an the [[Unitit Kinrick]]. Addin this figur tae the US will boost it ower Cheenae in rankin syne Cheenae's Coastal an Territorial watter figurs are currently unkent (na offeecial publication) an thus canna be addit intae Cheenae's tot area figur.

|name=&quot;3rd-largest&quot;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|4}}  || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Unitit States}} || style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;|{{convert|9525067|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} –&lt;br&gt;{{convert|9833517|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}}|| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;|{{convert|9147643|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} –&lt;br&gt;{{convert|9147593|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}}|| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;|{{convert|377,424&lt;ref name=&quot;United States&quot; /&gt;|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} –&lt;br&gt;{{convert|685,924|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}}|| style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;| 3.96–6.97 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Seicont lairgest kintra in [[Americae]], efter [[Canadae]]. Seicontar figurs for watter area an tot area denote the inclusion o aw coastal an territorial watters intae the stateestical area.{{#tag:ref||name=&quot;3rd-largest&quot;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}

|-
| {{nts|5}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Brazil}} || {{convert|8515767|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|8460415|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|55352|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.65 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | The lairgest kintra in [[Sooth Americae]] an in the [[Soothren Hemisphere]]. Lairgest contiguous territory in [[Americae]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IBGE: Official Territorial Area|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{nts|6}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Australie}} || {{convert|7692024|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7633565|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|58459|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.76 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | The lairgest kintra in [[Oceania]], the lairgest kintra withoot laund borders, an the lairgest kintra completely in the [[Soothren Hemisphere]].{{#tag:ref|Figurs exclude the freemit territories o [[Norfolk Island]], [[Ashmore an Cartier Islands]], [[Christmas Island]], [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], [[Coral Sea Islands Territory]], an [[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Geoscience Australia|title=Area of Australia – States and Territories|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/geoscience-basics/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories.html|publisher=Government of Australia|accessdate=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; each shawn separately. Excludes the claim o the [[Australie Antarctic Territory]] ({{convert|5896500|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}). The UN's previous data,&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt; as well as the current data shawn bi the Warld Bank an the CIA,&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wbstats&quot;/&gt; gie the figur as {{convert|7741220|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|7}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Indie}} || {{convert|3287263|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2973190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|314073|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 9.55 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |Third lairgest kintra in [[Asie]].{{#tag:ref|The tot area gien is frae ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' an includes [[Leet o territorial disputes#Asie an the Paceefic|disputit territories]] nae unner Indian control but claimed bi Indie. The tot area claimed bi Indie, accordin tae the figur gien bi the Unitit Naitions an the Indian govrenment, tots {{convert|3287263|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=|title=Area and Population|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226033122/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx|archivedate=2007-12-26|publisher=Government of India|access-date=2017-03-03|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|8}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist| Argentinae}} || {{convert|2780400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2736690|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|43710|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.57 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |The lairgest [[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]-speakin kintra an seicont lairgest kintra in [[Sooth Americae]].{{#tag:ref|Excludes claims on [[Argentine Antarcticae]] ({{convert|969000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), on [[Falkland Islands|Malvinas/Falkland Islands]] ({{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an on [[Sooth Georgie an the Sooth Sandwich Islands]] ({{convert|3903|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|9}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kazakhstan}} || {{convert|2724900|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2699700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|25200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.92 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |  Lairgest [[laundlocked kintra]].&lt;ref&gt;Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (ASRK). 2005. Main Demographic Indicators. Available at http://www.stat.kz&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{nts|10}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Algerie}} || {{convert|2381741|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2381741|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in [[Africae]].{{#tag:ref|The area o internal watters is offeecially reportit as 0&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report Algeria |language=fr |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-az147f.pdf |page=12 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |accessdate=29 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; even tho several [[chott|saisonal lochs]] an permanent [[Leet o dams an reservoirs#Algerie|reservoirs]] exeest in the kintra.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|11}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|CongoD|{{flaglist|Democratic Republic o the Congo}}}} || {{convert|2344858|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2267048|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|77810|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.32 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in [[Sub-Saharan Africae]]. 2nt lairgest kintra in Africae.
|-
| {{hs|1vend}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Greenland}}'' ''([[Denmark]])'' || {{convert|2166086|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2166086|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Pairt o the [[Kinrick o Denmark]].{{#tag:ref|A tot o {{convert|1755636|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} o laund area is covered bi [[ice]]; the ice-free area amoonts tae {{convert|410450|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;wbstats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|12}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Saudi Arabie}} || {{convert|2,149,690|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2,149,690|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in the [[Middle East]].
|-
| {{nts|13}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mexico}} || {{convert|1964375|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1943945|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.04 ||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Clipperton Island]] (8.9&amp;nbsp;km², controlled bi [[Fraunce]]) isna included.
|-
| {{nts|14}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Indonesie}} || {{convert|1904569|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1811569|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|93000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.87 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | The lairgest [[airchipelagic state]] an [[island state]] in the warld bi area an population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Indonesia | publisher=CIA | work=The World Factbook | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html | accessdate=18 June 2015| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081210041527/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html| archivedate=4 December 2008 | deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| {{nts|15}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sudan}} || {{convert|1886068|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|1765050}}NA || {{hs|96434}}NA || {{hs|5.18}}NA&lt;br&gt;{{#tag:ref|The watter area percentage o Sudan prior tae the secession o [[Sooth Sudan]] wis 5.18.|group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;Sudan&quot;}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Umwhile the lairgest kintra in [[Africae]]. It's nou the 3rd lairgest kintra in Africae.{{#tag:ref|Prior tae the unthirldom o [[Sooth Sudan]] in 2011, Sudan's tot area as reportit bi the UN soorce wis {{convert|2505813|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Updatit figur shawn is frae the CIA.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|16}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Libie}} || {{convert|1759540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1759540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|17}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Iran}} || {{convert|1648195|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1531595|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|116600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 7.07 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The area gien is frae the 2007 data an the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The [[Yearbeuk o the Unitit Naitions|UN Demografic Yearbeuk]] leets a figur o {{convert|1628750|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which refers tae laund area anly.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|18}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mongolie}} || {{convert|1564110|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1553556|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10560|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.68 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{#tag:ref|Claimed bi the [[Taiwan|Republic o Cheenae]] till 2012, houever, baith govrenments hae na signed agreement on mutual recogneetion o sovereignty yet.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|19}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Peru}} || {{convert|1285216|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1279996|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.41 ||
|-
| {{nts|20}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Chad}} || {{convert|1284000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1259200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|24800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.93 ||
|-
| {{nts|21}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist| Niger }} || {{convert|1267000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1266700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.02 ||
|-
| {{nts|22}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Angola}} || {{convert|1246700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1246700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|23}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mali}} || {{convert|1240192|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1220190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20002|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.61 ||
|-
| {{nts|24}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sooth Africae}} || {{convert|1221037|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1214470|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.38 ||
|-
| {{nts|25}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Colombie}} || {{convert|1141748|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1038700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|100210|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.8 ||
|-
| {{nts|26}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ethiopie}} || {{convert|1104300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1000000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|104300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.7 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Excluding the [[Ilemi Triangle]] ({{convert|14000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|27}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bolivie}} || {{convert|1098581|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1083301|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|15280|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.39 ||
|-
| {{nts|28}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mauritanie}} || {{convert|1,030,700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1,025,520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4,480|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.44 ||
|-
| {{nts|29}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Egyp}} || {{convert|1002450|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|995450|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.6 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|30}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Tanzanie}} || {{convert|945087|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|885800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|61500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 6.49 ||
|-
| {{nts|31}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Nigerie}} || {{convert|923768|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|910768|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.41 ||
|-
| {{nts|32}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Venezuela}} || {{convert|916445|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|882050|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|30000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.29 ||
|-
| {{nts|33}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Pakistan}} || {{convert|881912|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|881912|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|25220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.86 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Includes data for Pakistani-claimed territories p [[Kashmir]], [[Azad Kashmir]] ({{convert|13297|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] ({{convert|72520|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx|title=GeoHive – Pakistan population statistics|publisher=|access-date=2017-03-03|archive-date=2013-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406012611/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/pakistan.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Excludin these territories would produce an area figur o {{convert|796095|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|34}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Namibie}} || {{convert|825615|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|823290|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2425|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.12 ||
|-
| {{nts|35}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mozambique}} || {{convert|801590|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|786380|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.63 ||
|-
| {{nts|36}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Turkey}} || {{convert|783562|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|769632|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.78 ||
|-
| {{nts|37}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Chile}} || {{convert|756102|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|743812|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|12290|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.63 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Excludes [[Antártica Chilena Province|claims in Antarcticae]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|38}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Zambie}} || {{convert|752612|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|743398|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.23 ||
|-
| {{nts|39}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Myanmar}} || {{convert|676578|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|653508|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|23070|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.41 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Forby kent as ''Burma''.
|-
| {{nts|40}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Afghanistan}} || {{convert|652230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|652230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|41}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Fraunce}} || {{convert|640679|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|640427|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3374|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.52 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Figurs include [[metropolitan Fraunce]] (in Europe) as well as the five [[owerseas region]]s. This disna include [[New Caledon]] (an autonomous ''sui generis'' collectivity), the five autonomous [[Owerseas collectivity|owerseas collectivities]], an the twa uninhabitit territories (the [[French Soothren an Antarctic Launds]] an [[Clipperton Island]]) which are leetit individually, awtho pairt o the French Republic an aa.{{#tag:ref|Soorce gies area o [[metropolitan Fraunce]] as {{convert|551500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an leets owerseas regions separately, whase areas sum tae {{convert|89179|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Addin thir gie the tot shawn here for the entire [[French Fift Republic|French Republic]]. The CIA reports the tot as {{convert|643801|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; Anither source, the French [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Naitional Institute for Stateestics an Economic Studies]], gies an area figur o {{convert|632759|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;INSEE&quot;&gt;[http://www.insee.fr/en/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&amp;ref_id=NATTEF01209 Subdivisions, surface area and population of the French Republic], Naitional Institute for Stateestics an Economic Studies, accessed 11 Mairch 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; (The CIA gives a watter area o metropolitan Fraunce as {{convert|1530|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.)|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|42}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Somalie}} || {{convert|637657|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|627337|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10320|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.62 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the area o [[Somaliland]] ({{convert|137600|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), which is ''[[de facto]]'' independent frae Somalie.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|43}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Central African Republic}} || {{convert|622984|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|622984|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|44}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sooth Sudan}} || {{convert|619745|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|610950}}NA || {{hs|33379}}NA || {{hs|5.18}}NA&lt;br&gt;{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;Sudan&quot;}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figurs shawn in this entry are taken frae the CIA.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|45}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ukraine}} || {{convert|603500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|579300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|24200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.01 ||style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| Lairgest kintra wholly in Europe.{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the area o [[Crimea]] ({{convert|27,000|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), ''[[de facto]]'' controlled bi Roushie, but still claimed bi Ukraine.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|46}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Madagascar}} || {{convert|587041|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|581540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5501|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.94 ||
|-
| {{nts|47}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Botswana}} || {{convert|581730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|566730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|15000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.58 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Aw figurs are thae citit bi the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report Botswana |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf |page=14 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |accessdate=29 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|48}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kenyae}} || {{convert|580367|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|569140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|11227|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.93 ||
|-
| {{nts|49}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Yemen}} || {{convert|527968|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|527968|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|50}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Thailand}} || {{convert|513120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|510890|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.43 ||
|-
| {{nts|51}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Spain}} || {{convert|505992|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|498980|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6390|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.26 ||
|-
| {{nts|52}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Turkmenistan}} || {{convert|488100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|469930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|18170|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.72 ||
|-
| {{nts|53}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cameroon}} || {{convert|475442|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|472710|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.57 ||
|-
| {{nts|54}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}} || {{convert|462840|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|452860|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9980|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.16 ||
|-
| {{nts|55}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Swaden}} || {{convert|450295|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|410335|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|39960|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.87 ||
|-
| {{nts|56}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Uzbekistan}} || {{convert|447400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|425400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|22000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.92 ||
|-
| {{nts|57}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Morocco}} || {{convert|446550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|446300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|250|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.06 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Disna include [[Wastren Sahara]], shawn separately.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|58}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Iraq}} || {{convert|438317|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|437367|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|950|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.22 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figur shawn is frae the 2007 data an the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The UN figur o {{convert|435244|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} excludes the three autonomous provinces o [[Iraqi Kurdistan]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|59}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Paraguay}} || {{convert|406752|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|397302|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9450|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.32 ||
|-
| {{nts|60}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Zimbabwe}} || {{convert|390757|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|386847|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3910|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1 ||
|-
| {{nts|61}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Japan}} || {{convert|377930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|364485|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.55 ||
|-
| {{nts|62}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Germany}} || {{convert|357114|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|348672|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|8350|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.34 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Afore the 1990 [[German reunification]], [[West Germany]] {{convert|248577|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}} an [[East Germany]] {{convert|108333|km2|sqmi|abbr=values}}
|-
| {{nts|63}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|CongoR|{{flaglist|Republic o the Congo}}}} || {{convert|342000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|341500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.15 ||
|-
| {{nts|64}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Finland}} || {{convert|338424|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|303815|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|34330|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 10.15 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Includes the [[Åland Islands]] ({{convert|1552|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|65}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Vietnam}} || {{convert|331212|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|310070|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|21140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 6.38 ||
|-
| {{nts|66}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Malaysie}} || {{convert|330803|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|329613|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.35 ||
|-
| {{nts|67}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Norawa}} || {{convert|323802|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|304282|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|19520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 6.03 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figurs shawn are frae the CIA World Factbook; the UN data refers tae mainland area anly. Aw figurs exclude [[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]] an [[Bouvet Island]], shawn separately, an the Antarctic territorial claims o [[Queen Maud Land]] an [[Peter I Island]] ({{convert|243|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|68}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ivory Coast}} || {{convert|322463|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|318003|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4460|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.38 ||
|-
| {{nts|69}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Poland}} || {{convert|312679|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|311888|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|791|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.07 ||
|-
| {{nts|70}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Oman}} || {{convert|309500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|309500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|71}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Italy}} || {{convert|301336|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|294140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.39 ||
|-
| {{nts|72}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Philippines}} || {{convert|300000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|298170|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1830|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.61 ||
|-
| {{nts|73}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ecuador}} || {{convert|276841|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|256369|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6720|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.37 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Mey or mey nae include the [[Galápagos Islands]] ({{convert|7880|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}). The 2007 data,&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt; as well as the current data gien bi the CIA, expleecitly includes the Galápagos an gies the figur as {{convert|283561|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|74}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Burkina Faso}} || {{convert|274222|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|273602|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.23 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The tot area figur is that reportit bi the Naitional Institute o Stateestics an Demografie o Burkina Faso (INSD).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Annuaire statistique 2013 |language=fr |url=http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/pub_periodiques/annuaires_stat/Annuaires_stat_nationaux_BF/Annuaire_stat_2013.pdf |page=413 |section=Quelques chiffres clefs du Burkina Faso |publisher=INSD |date=December 2014 |accessdate=29 December 2015 |archive-date=2015-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227150615/http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/pub_periodiques/annuaires_stat/Annuaires_stat_nationaux_BF/Annuaire_stat_2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The watter area is that reportit bi the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report Burkina Faso |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-az176f.pdf |language=fr |page=28 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |accessdate=29 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the laund area is taken tae be the difference atween these twa figurs. |group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|75}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|New Zealand}} || {{convert|270467|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|262443|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4395|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.65 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The govrenment gies the tot figur as {{convert|266838|km2|sqmi}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/land/land-cover-dbase/index.html The New Zealand Land Cover Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314113106/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/land/land-cover-dbase/index.html |date=2011-03-14 }}, New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. Updated 1 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; CIA World Factbook haes tot/laund area o {{convert|267710|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Aw figurs exclude [[Niue]], the [[Cook Islands]] an [[Tokelau]], shawn separately, as well as the Antarctic claim o [[Ross Dependency]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|76}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Gabon}} || {{convert|267668|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|257667|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.74 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Wastren Sahara]] || {{convert|266000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|266000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Disputed territory.{{#tag:ref|Admeenistration is split atween [[Morocco]] an the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], baith o which [[Legal status o Wastren Sahara|claim the entire territory]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|77}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Guinea}} || {{convert|245857|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|245717|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|140|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.06 ||
|-
| {{nts|78}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Unitit Kinrick}} || {{convert|242495|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|241930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1680|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.69 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Disna include the three [[Croun dependencies]] ({{convert|768|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an the 14 [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|owerseas territories]] ({{convert|1742857|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), shawn separately.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|79}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Uganda}} || {{convert|241550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|197100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|43938|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 18.23 ||
|-
| {{nts|80}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ghana}} || {{convert|238533|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|227533|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|11000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.61 ||
|-
| {{nts|81}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Romanie}} || {{convert|238391|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|231291|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.97 ||
|-
| {{nts|82}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Laos}} || {{convert|236800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|230800|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.53 ||
|-
| {{nts|83}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Guyana}} || {{convert|214969|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|196849|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|18120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.43 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|84}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Belaroushie}} || {{convert|207600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|202900|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.26 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|85}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}} || {{convert|199951|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|191801|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|8150|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.08 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|86}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Senegal}} || {{convert|196722|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|192530|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4192|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.13 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|87}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sirie}} || {{convert|185180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|183630|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1550|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.84 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Includes the pairts o the [[Golan Heights]] ({{convert|1295|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) occupied bi [[Israel]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|88}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cambodie}} || {{convert|181035|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|176515|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4520|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.5 ||
|-
| {{nts|89}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Uruguay}} || {{convert|176215|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|175015|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.68 ||
|-
| {{nts|90}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Suriname}} || {{convert|163820|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|156000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7820|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.77 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in [[Sooth Americae]].
|-
| {{nts|91}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Tunisie}} || {{convert|163610|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|155360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|8250|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 5.04 ||
|-
| {{nts|92}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} || {{convert|147570|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|130168|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13830|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 9.6 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Area accordin tae [[Bangladesh Bureau o Stateestics]] is {{convert|147570|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbstats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|93}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Nepal}} || {{convert|147181|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|143351|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3830|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.6 ||
|-
| {{nts|94}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Tajikistan}} || {{convert|143100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|141510|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2590|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.81 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Somaliland}} || {{convert|137600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Somaliland is claimed in whole bi [[Somalie]], an haes na internaitional recogneetion|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|95}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Greece}} || {{convert|131990|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|130647|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1310|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.99 ||
|-
| {{nts|96}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Nicaragua}} || {{convert|130373|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|119990|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10380|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 7.96 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in [[Central Americae]].
|-
| {{nts|97}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|KoreaN|{{flaglist|North Korea}}}} || {{convert|120538|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|120408|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|130|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.11 ||
|-
| {{nts|98}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Malawi}} || {{convert|118484|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|94080|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|24404|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 20.6 ||
|-
| {{nts|99}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Eritrea}} || {{convert|117600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|101000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|16600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 14.12 ||
|-
| {{nts|100}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Benin}} || {{convert|114763|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|114305|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|457.569|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.40 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{#tag:ref|Benin's offeecial tot area increased frae {{convert|112622|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} tae {{convert|114763|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} follaein the resolution o the [[Lete Island]] dispute in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://illassa-benoit.over-blog.com/article-11817649.html |title=La superficie du Bénin passe de 112.622 km2 à 113.440 km2 |language=fr |date=15 August 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The watter area is that reportit bi the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report Benin |language=fr |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-az166f.pdf |page=10 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |accessdate=29 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; an the laund area is the difference atween thir twa figurs, roondit tae the nearest squerr kilometre. |group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|101}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Honduras}} || {{convert|112492|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|111890|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.18 ||
|-
| {{nts|102}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Liberie}} || {{convert|111369|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|96320|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|15049|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 13.51 ||
|-
| {{nts|103}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bulgarie}} || {{convert|110879|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|108489|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2390|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.16 ||
|-
| {{nts|104}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cuba}} || {{convert|109884|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|109820|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1040|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.94 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in [[Caribbean]]
|-
| {{nts|105}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Guatemala}} || {{convert|108889|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|107159|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1730|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.59 ||
|-
| {{nts|106}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Iceland}} || {{convert|103000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|100250|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2750|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.67 ||
|-
| {{nts|107}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|KoreaS|{{flaglist|Sooth Korea}}}} || {{convert|100210|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|99909|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|301|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.3 ||
|-
| {{nts|108}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Hungary}} || {{convert|93028|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|89608|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3420|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.68 ||
|-
| {{nts|109}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Portugal}} || {{convert|92090|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|91470|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.67 ||
|-
| {{nts|110}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Jordan}} || {{convert|89342|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|88802|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|540|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.6 ||
|-
| {{nts|111}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Serbie}} || {{convert|88361|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|88246|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|115|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.13 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the area o [[Autonomous Province o Kosovo an Metohija|Kosovo an Metohija]], which is ''[[de facto]]'' independent frae Serbie as the [[Kosovo|Republic o Kosovo]] ({{convert|10887|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}). The area o Serbia athoot Kosovo is {{convert|77474|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|112}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Azerbaijan}} || {{convert|86600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|86100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.13 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Lairgest kintra in [[Caucasus]].{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the area o the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]] ({{convert|11458|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}), which is ''[[de facto]]'' independent frae Azerbaijan.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|113}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Austrick}} || {{convert|83871|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|82445|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1426|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.7 ||
|-
| {{nts|114}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;{{convert|83600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|83600|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|115}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Czech Republic}} || {{convert|78865|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|77247|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.05 ||
|-
| {{nts|116}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Panama}} || {{convert|75417|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|74340|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1080|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.43 ||
|-
| {{nts|117}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sierra Leone}} || {{convert|71740|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|71620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.17 ||
|-
| {{nts|118}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Ireland}} || {{convert|70273|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|68883|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1390|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.98 ||
|-
| {{nts|119}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Georgie}} || {{convert|69700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|69700|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the areas o [[Abkhazie]] ({{convert|8660|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}})&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1358/Abkhazia Abkhazia] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''&lt;/ref&gt; an [[Sooth Ossetie]] ({{convert|3900|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}),&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/south+ossetia South Ossetia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112172434/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/south+ossetia |date=2013-11-12 }} at World English Dictionary&lt;/ref&gt; baith ''[[de facto]]'' independent frae Georgie.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|120}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sri Lanka}} || {{convert|65610|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|62732|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2878|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.4 ||
|-
| {{nts|121}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Lithuanie}} || {{convert|65300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|62680|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.01 ||
|-
| {{nts|122}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Latvie}} || {{convert|64559|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|62249|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2340|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.62 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Svalbard}} ([[Norawa]])'' || {{convert|62045|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|62045|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The UN gies a combined area for Svalbard an [[Jan Mayen]] as {{convert|62422|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The separate figurs shawn are frae the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; |group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|123}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Togo}} || {{convert|56785|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|54385|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2400|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.23 ||
|-
| {{nts|124}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Croatie}} || {{convert|56594|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|55974|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|620|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.1 ||
|-
| {{nts|125}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bosnie an Herzegovinae}} || {{convert|51209|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|51187|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.02 ||
|-
| {{nts|126}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Costa Rica}} || {{convert|51100|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|51060|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|40|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.08 ||
|-
| {{nts|127}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Slovakie}} || {{convert|49037|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|48105|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|930|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.9 ||
|-
| {{nts|128}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Dominican Republic}} || {{convert|48671|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|48320|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|350|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.72 ||
|-
| {{nts|129}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Estonie}} || {{convert|45227|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|42388|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2840|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 6.28 ||
|-
| {{nts|130}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Denmark}} || {{convert|43094|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|42434|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|660|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.53 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Metropolitan Denmark anly, withoot [[Greenland]] an the [[Faroe Islands]].{{#tag:ref|The UN figur includes anly the constituent kintra Denmark; the entire [[Kinrick o Denmark]], includin [[Greenland]] an the [[Faroe Islands]] covers {{convert|2220093|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an would be 12t.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|131}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|Netherlands|{{flaglist|Netherlands}}}} || {{convert|41850|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|33893|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7650|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 18.41 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Includes the [[Caribbean Netherlands|special municipalities]], but excludes ither kintras in the [[Kinrick o the Netherlands]], shawn separately.{{#tag:ref|Data for the Netherlands is frae the Central Bureau of Statistics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|author=Central Bureau of Statistics|title=Land – en tuinbouwcijfers, 2009|publisher=Government of the Netherlands, Department of Publication and Information|url=http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/C1A56EC5-9A02-4639-8BDB-6787381ADA7A/0/2009j29pub.pdf|issn=1386-9566|language=Dutch|year=2009|page=14|accessdate=26 November 2011|archive-date=2011-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724151433/http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/C1A56EC5-9A02-4639-8BDB-6787381ADA7A/0/2009j29pub.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Soorce gives area o [[Netherlands|European Netherlands]] as {{convert|41528|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an leets the three special municipalities separately, whase areas sum tae {{convert|322|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Addin thir gies the tot shawn here for the entire kintra o the Netherlands.&lt;ref name=&quot;nlcbs&quot;&gt;{{Citation|author=Central Bureau of Statistics|title=Statistical Yearbook of the Netherlands Antilles, 2009|publisher=Government of the Netherlands, Department of Publication and Information|url=|location=Willemstad|year=2009|page=4|accessdate=26 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Addin the constituent kintras o [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]] an [[Sint Maarten]], the tot area o the [[Kinrick o the Netherlands]] covers {{convert|42508|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.|group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;neth&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|132}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Swisserland}} || {{convert|41284|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|39997|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1280|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.1 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur frae the UN demografic yearbeuk ({{convert|41277|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) excludes the areas o state forests an communanzas,{{Elucidate|date=September 2014|reason=Daes Swisserland really hae ony &quot;state forests&quot;? Wha should they be excludit frae the area o the kintra? Whit is a &quot;communanza&quot; (or even &quot;comunanza&quot; supposed tae be?)}} which amoont tae {{convert|7.15|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The figur here is frae the 2007 data.&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|133}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bhutan}} || {{convert|38394|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|38394|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
|{{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Taiwan}} || {{convert|36193|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|32260|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3720|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 10.34 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Afore the end o the [[Cheenese Ceevil War]] in 1949, the [[Republic o Cheenae (1912–49)|Republic o Cheenae]] includit [[Mainland Cheenae]], [[Mongolie]], Taiwan an ither areas, totalin {{convert|11418174|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.{{#tag:ref|The UN soorce disna include data for the Republic o Cheenae on Taiwan. The figur shawn is frae the 2012 Stateestical Data frae the [[Meenistry o the Interior (Taiwan)|Meenistry o the Interior]], Republic o Cheenae. The CIA gies a tot area o {{convert|35980|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The tot constitutional laund area o the Republic o Cheenae is {{convert|11420000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which includes modren-day Taiwan, Mongolie, an [[Mainland Cheenae]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |format=PDF |url=http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/elist.htm |title=1.1 Number of Villages, Neighborhoods, Households and Resident Population |publisher=Ministry of the Interior – Republic of China (Taiwan) |accessdate=8 June 2012 |archive-date=2016-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119211125/http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/month/elist.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|134}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || {{convert|36125|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|28120|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|8005|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 22.16 ||
|-
| {{nts|135}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Moldovae}} || {{convert|33846|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|32891|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|960|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.84 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn includes the area o [[Transnistrie]] ({{convert|4163|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}), which is ''[[de facto]]'' independent frae Moldovae.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|136}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Belgium}} || {{convert|30528|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|30278|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|250|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.82 ||
|-
| {{nts|137}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Lesotho}} || {{convert|30355|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|30355|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|138}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Armenie}} || {{convert|29743|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|28342|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1401|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.71 ||
|-
| {{nts|139}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Solomon Islands}} || {{convert|28896|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|27986|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|910|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.15 ||
|-
| {{nts|140}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Albanie}} || {{convert|28748|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|27398|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1350|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.7 ||
|-
| {{nts|141}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}} || {{convert|28051|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|28051|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|142}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Burundi}} || {{convert|27834|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|25680|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2150|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 7.73 ||
|-
| {{nts|143}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Haiti}} || {{convert|27750|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|27560|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|190|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.68 ||
|-
| {{nts|144}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Rwanda}} || {{convert|26338|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|24668|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1670|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 6.34 ||
|-
| {{nts|145}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Macedonie}} || {{convert|25713|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|25433|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|280|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.09 ||
|-
| {{nts|146}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Djibouti}} || {{convert|23200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|23180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.09 ||
|-
| {{nts|147}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Belize}} || {{convert|22966|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|22806|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.7 ||
|-
| {{nts|148}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|El Salvador}} || {{convert|21041|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20721|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|320|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.52 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in continental [[North America]].
|-
| {{nts|149}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Israel}} || {{convert|20770|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20330|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|440|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.12 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figurs shawn are frae the CIA.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The UN/[[Israel Central Bureau o Stateestics]] figur o {{convert|22072|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} includes the [[Golan Hichts]] ({{convert|1200|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an [[East Jerusalem]] ({{convert|70|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), which are nae internaitionally recognised as pairt o Israel.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|150}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Slovenie}} || {{convert|20273|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|20151|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|122|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.6 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|New Caledon}} ([[France]])'' || {{convert|18575|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|18275|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.62 ||
|-
| {{nts|151}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Fiji}} || {{convert|18272|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|18274|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|152}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kuwait}} || {{convert|17818|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|17818|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|153}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Swaziland}} || {{convert|17364|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|17204|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.92 ||
|-
| {{nts|154}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|East Timor}} || {{convert|14874|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|14874|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|155}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|Bahamas|{{flaglist|Bahamas}}}} || {{convert|13943|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10010|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3870|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 27.88 ||
|-
| {{nts|156}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Montenegro}} || {{convert|13812|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|13452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|360|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 2.61 ||
|-
| {{nts|157}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Vanuatu}} || {{convert|12189|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|12189|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|12173|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|158}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Qatar}} || {{convert|11586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|11586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
||{{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Nagorno-Karabakh}} || {{convert|11458|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|11458|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1200|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Nagorno-Karabakh is claimed in whole bi [[Azerbaijan]], an haes [[Internaitional recogneetion o Nagorno-Karabakh|na internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}} 5.000&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.  Armenie-controlled territories surroondin Nagorno-Karabakh bi regions  11,5&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.

|-
| {{nts|159}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|Gambie|{{flaglist|Gambie}}}} || {{convert|11295|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10000|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1295|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 11.47 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in continental [[Africae]].
|-
| {{nts|160}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Jamaica}} || {{convert|10991|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10831|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.46 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kosovo}} || {{convert|10887|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Kosovo is claimed in whole bi [[Serbia]], an haes [[International recognition of Kosovo|limitit internaitional recognition]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|161}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Lebanon}} || {{convert|10452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10230|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|170|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.63 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in continental [[Asie]].
|-
| {{nts|162}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cyprus}} || {{convert|9251|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9241|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.11 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Includes the lairgely unrecognised but ''[[de facto]]'' independent [[Northren Cyprus]] ({{convert|3355|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}), the [[Unitit Naitions Buffer Zone in Cyprus|UN buffer zone]] ({{convert|346|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}) an [[Akrotiri an Dhekelia]] ({{convert|254|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} ([[Unitit States]])'' || {{convert|9104|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|9104|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3054|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 35.2 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Third lairgest island o the [[Unitit States]] efter the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island o Hawaii]] an [[Kodiak Island]] o [[Alaska]].
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Abkhazie}} || {{convert|8660|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{#tag:ref|Abkhazie is claimed in whole by [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]], an has [[Internaitional recognition o Abkhazie an Sooth Ossetie|leemitit internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|French Soothren an Antarctic Launds}} ([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|7747|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|7668|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|79.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.03 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Excludes claim on [[Adélie Land]] in Antarcticae.{{#tag:ref|The UN soorce haes na data for the French Soothren an Antarctic Launds. The figur gien here is the tot o aw areas leetit separately in the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fs.html French Southern and Antarctic Lands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224214852/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fs.html |date=2018-12-24 }}, CIA Factbook, as of December 29, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Unitit States Meenor Ootlyin Islands}}'' || {{convert|6959.41|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|22.41|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6937|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 99.68 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|State o Palestine}} || {{convert|6220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5640|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|220|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 3.9 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The CIA gies the areas o the [[Wast Bank]] an the [[Gaza Strip]] separately as {{convert|5860|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} an {{convert|360|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} respectively (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/we.html; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gz.html). The figur for the Wast Bank includes [[East Jerusalem]] an [[Green Line (Israel)|Jerusalem No Man's Land]], but excludes [[Moont Scopus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|164}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Brunei}} || {{convert|5765|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5265|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|500|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.67 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|165}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Trinidad an Tobago}} || {{convert|5130|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5128|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|French Polynesie}} ([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|4167|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3827|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|340|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 8.16 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Transnistrie}} || {{convert|4163|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Transnistrie is claimed in whole bi [[Moldovae]], an haes [[Internaitional recogneetion o Transnistrie|leemitit internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|166}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Cape Verde}} || {{convert|4033|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|4033|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Sooth Georgie an the Sooth Sandwich Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|3903|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|3903|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Sooth Ossetie}} || {{convert|3900|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Sooth Ossetie is claimed in whole bi [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]], an haes [[Internaitional recogneetion o Abkhazie an Sooth Ossetie|leemitit internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Northren Cyprus}} || {{convert|3355|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Turkis Republic o Northren Cyprus is a [[sel-declared]] state recognised anly bi [[Turkey]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|167}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Samoa}} || {{convert|2842|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2821|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.35 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Hong Kong}} ([[Cheenae]])'' || {{convert|2755|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1106|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1649|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/total.htm|title=Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| 59.8 ||
|-
| {{nts|168}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Luxembourg}} || {{convert|2586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2586|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|169}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Mauritius}} || {{convert|2040|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2030|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0.49 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figur shawn is frae the 2007 data an the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The UN figur o {{convert|1969|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} excludes the [[Agaléga|Agaléga Islands]] an [[St. Brandon|Cargados Carajos]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|170}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Comoros}} || {{convert|1862|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1862|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Figur shawn is frae the CIA World Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; UN figur o {{convert|2235|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} includes [[Mayotte]] {{convert|374|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, an [[owerseas depairtment]] o [[Fraunce]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Åland Islands}}'' ''([[Finland]])'' || {{convert|1580|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || || || || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Åland Islands is an Autonomous region o [[Finland]]. As an Autonomous region o Finland, it is inside the [[European Union]].|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} ([[Denmark]])'' || {{convert|1393|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1393|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|0.1}}0 || {{hs|0.001}}0.00 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Thare are some lochs an streams o unkent area.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|171}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|Sao Tome|{{flag|São Tomé an Príncipe}}}} || {{convert|964|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|964|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Turks an Caicos Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|948|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|172}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Kiribati}} || {{convert|811|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|811|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn is frae the CIA World Factbook,&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; an refers tae laund area anly. The UN figur excludes {{convert|84|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} o uninhabitit islands.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|173}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Bahrain}} || {{convert|765|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|765|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|174}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Dominica}} || {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|751|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|175}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Tonga}} || {{convert|747|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|717|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|30|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 4.02 ||
|-
| {{nts|176}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Singapore}} || {{convert|719|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|687|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.43 ||
|-
| {{nts|177}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{sort|Micronesia|{{flaglist|Federatit States o Micronesie}}}} || {{convert|702|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|702|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|0.1}}0 || {{hs|0.001}}0.00 ||
|-
| {{nts|178}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Saunt Lucia}} || {{convert|616|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|606|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 1.62 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn is frae the CIA Factbook.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The UN value o {{convert|539|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} refers tae habitable area anly an excludes the kintra's central forest reserve.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Isle o Man}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|572|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|572|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Guam}} ([[Unitit States]])'' || {{convert|549|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|544|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|179}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Andorrae}} || {{convert|468|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|468|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Northren Mariana Islands}} ([[Unitit States]])'' || {{convert|464|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|464|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|180}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Palau}} || {{convert|459|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|459|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|181}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Seychelles}} || {{convert|452|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|455|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in [[Africae]].
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flag|Curaçao}} ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|444|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|444|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;neth&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|182}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Antigua an Barbuda}} || {{convert|442|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|442.6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|183}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Barbados}} || {{convert|430|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|431|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Heard Island an McDonald Islands}} ([[Australie]])'' || {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|412|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|184}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Saunt Vincent an the Grenadines}} || {{convert|389|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|389|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Jan Mayen}} ([[Norawa]])'' || {{convert|377|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|377|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{sort|Unitit States Virgin Islands|{{flaglist|U.S. Virgin Islands}}}} ([[Unitit States]])'' || {{convert|347|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|346|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|1564|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 81.88 ||
|-
| {{nts|185}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Grenada}} || {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|344|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|186}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Maltae}} || {{convert|316|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|316|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Saunt Helena, Ascension an Tristan da Cunha}}'' ''([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|308|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|308|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The tot area o [[Saunt Helena]] is {{convert|122|km2|sqmi}}, [[Ascension Island]] is {{convert|88|km2|sqmi}}, an [[Tristan da Cunha]] is {{convert|98|km2|sqmi}}.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|187}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Maldives}} || {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|298|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in [[Asie]].
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[File:Flag of Bonaire.svg|22px]]'' ''[[Bonaire]]'' ''([[Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|294|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|294|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|264|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|264|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|188}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Saunt Kitts an Nevis}} || {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|261|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in  [[Americae]] an the [[Wastren Hemisphere]].
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Niue}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || {{convert|260|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|260|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Niue, in [[associatit state|free association]] wi [[New Zealand]], haes [[Foreign relations o Niue|leemitit internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist| Akrotiri and Dhekelia }} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|253.8|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|253.8}}NA || {{hs|0.1}}NA || {{hs|0.001}}NA || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Thare is a saut loch an some wetlands o unkent area.
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Saunt Pierre an Miquelon|local}}'' ''([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|242|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|242|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Cook Islands}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || {{convert|236|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|236|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The Cook Islands, in [[associatit state|free association]] wi [[New Zealand]], haes [[Foreign relations o the Cook Islands|leemitit internaitional recogneetion]]|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|American Samoa}} ([[Unitit States]])'' || {{convert|199|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|199|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|189}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Marshall Islands}} || {{convert|181|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|181|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|11673|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 98.47 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Aruba}} ([[Kinrick o the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|180|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|190}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Liechtenstein}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|160|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Breetish Virgin Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|151|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|151|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Wallis an Futuna|local}}'' ''([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|142|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|142|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Christmas Island}} ([[Australia]])'' || {{convert|135|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|135|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|Data is from the 2007 statistics.&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;2007data&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Jersey}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|116|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|116|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Montserrat}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|102|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|102|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Anguilla}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|91|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|91|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Guernsey}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|78|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|78|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{nts|191}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|San Marino}} || {{convert|61|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|61|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Breetish Indian Ocean Territory}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|60|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|60|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|54340|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 99.89 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The UN gies na information for the Breetish Indian Ocean Territory. The figur gien here wis taken frae the CIA Factbook, an refers tae laund area anly.&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Saint Martin}}'' ''([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|54|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|54.4|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|0.1}}''Neg.'' || {{hs|0.001}}0.00 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Bermuda}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|54|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|54|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Bouvet Island}} ([[Norawa]])'' || {{convert|49|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|49|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|47|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|47|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|The figur shawn is frae the CIA Factbook, an includes [[Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)|Henderson]], [[Ducie Island|Ducie]], an [[Oeno Island]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;/&gt; The UN figur is {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|disp=or|abbr=on}}, an anly includes area for Pitcairn island itsel, the anly inhabitit island in the group.|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} ([[Australia]])'' || {{convert|36|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} ||{{convert|36|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Sint Maarten}}'' ''([[Kinrick o the Netherlands|Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;neth&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Macau}} ([[Cheenae]])'' || {{convert|31.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|28.2|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref|{{url|http://www.dscc.gov.mo/ENG/knowledge/geo_statistic.html|Current statistics: March 2014 – Direcçāo dos Serviços de Cartografia e Cadastro (Cartography and Cadastre Bureau)}} Includin [[Varsity o Macau]]'s New [[Hengqin]] Campus|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}
|-
| {{nts|192}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Tuvalu}} || {{convert|26|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|26|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest [[Commonweel realm]].
|-
| {{nts|193}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Nauru}} || {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest [[island kintra]].
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}}'' ''([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|21}}NA || {{hs|0.1}}NA || {{hs|0.001}}NA || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;ciadata&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[File:Flag of Sint Eustatius.svg|22px]]'' ''[[Sint Eustatius]]'' ''([[Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|21|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|21}}NA || {{hs|0.1}}NA || {{hs|0.001}}NA || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} ([[Australie]])'' || {{convert|14|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|14|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |{{#tag:ref||group=&quot;Note&quot;|name=&quot;2007data&quot;}}
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''[[File:Flag of Saba.svg|22px]]'' ''[[Saba]]'' ''([[Netherlands]])'' || {{convert|13|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{hs|13}}NA || {{hs|0.1}}NA || {{hs|0.001}}NA || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Tokelau}} ([[New Zealand]])'' || {{convert|12|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|12|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 ||
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist|Gibraltar}} ([[Unitit Kinrick]])'' || {{convert|6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist| Clipperton Island }} ([[Fraunce]])'' || {{convert|6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|6|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist| Ashmore and Cartier Islands }} ([[Australie]])'' || {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|5|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{noflag| [[Spratly Islands]] }} ([[Spratly Islands dispute|disputed]])'' || {{hs|{{nts|4.9}}}}&lt;5&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;{{convert|5|km2|sqmi|disp=number}}) || {{hs|4.9}}&lt;5&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;{{convert|5|km2|sqmi|disp=number}}) || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{hs|end}} – || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| ''{{flaglist| Coral Sea Islands }} ([[Australie]])'' || {{hs|{{nts|2.9}}}}&lt;3&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;{{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=number}}) || {{hs|2.9}}&lt;3&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;{{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=number}}) || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |
|-
| {{nts|194}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Monaco}} || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra wi a coastline.
|-
| {{nts|195}} || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flaglist|Vatican City}} || {{convert|0.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || {{convert|0|km2|sqmi|abbr=values|disp=br()|sortable=on}} || 0 || style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Smawest kintra in the warld.
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2|group=&quot;Note&quot;}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em
| refs =
&lt;ref name=&quot;unstats07&quot;&gt;{{cite web|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|title=Total surface area as of 19 January 2007|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/totalarea.htm|accessdate=30 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;wbstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=poorest&amp;d=WDI&amp;f=Indicator_Code%3AAG.SRF.TOTL.K2 |title=Surface area (sq. km)|publisher=[[United Nations]]: [[World Development Indicators]]|accessdate=27 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;ciastats&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html Field Listing – Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |date=2014-01-31 }}, [[The World Factbook]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Data last updated on July 5, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;bbstats&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx |title=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |author= |date= |work= |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |accessdate=31 August 2011 |archive-date=2011-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904045106/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kintras An Ootlyin Territories Bi area}}
[[Category:Geografie-relatit leets]]
[[Category:Leets bi area]]
[[Category:Leets o kintras bi geografie|area]]
[[Category:Watter bi kintra| ]]</text>
      <sha1>mwj94uxyucoc6g4y006mxe7psnzysss</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dipsacales</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>163882</id>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Drap Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1036" sha1="owtaab8h5u2mtsatn6uxkqcsx7uwaxt" xml:space="preserve">{{automatic taxobox
|image = Scabiosa ochroleuca 0.jpg
|image_caption = ''Scabiosa ochroleuca''
|taxon = Dipsacales
|authority = Juss. ex Bercht. &amp; J.Presl&lt;ref name=APGIII2009&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision = Adoxaceae (moschatel faimily)&lt;br /&gt;
Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle faimily)
}}
The '''Dipsacales''' are an order o [[Flouerin plant|flouerin plants]], includit in the [[Asterids|asterid]] group o [[dicotyledon]]s. In the APG III system o 2009, the order haes anly twa faimilies, Adoxaceae an a braidly defined Caprifoliaceae.&lt;ref name=APGIII2009/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Dipsacales| ]]
[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}</text>
      <sha1>owtaab8h5u2mtsatn6uxkqcsx7uwaxt</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hôtel de Montesson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166040</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927749</id>
      <parentid>744016</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:33:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{unsoorced}}, addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927749</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="735" sha1="sojwm59m3iq0mz97ja9jn6e88xjdcbf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Brongniart Alexandre - Hôtel de Montesson (Paris).JPG|thumb|right|200px|Design for the ''Hôtel de Montesson''. ]]{{Unsoorced}}
The '''Hôtel de Montesson''' wis a small townhouse in [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]] built for [[Madame de Montesson]] in circa 1770. She wis the secret wife o [[Louis Philippe, Duke o Orléans|Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke o Orléans]] who had a house that adjoined the ''[[Hôtel]]''. The building wis be destroyed bi fire in [[1810]].
{{Stub/Fraunce}}
[[fr:Rue La Fayette (Paris)#Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire]]

[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Paris]]
[[Category:18t century establishments]]
[[Category:10t arrondissement o Paris]]
[[Category:Umwhile hôtels particuliers in Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>sojwm59m3iq0mz97ja9jn6e88xjdcbf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927815</id>
      <parentid>927749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:58:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendit Scots</comment>
      <origin>927815</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="729" sha1="rzyerglvfki1ac92z6ezmqk6daqfft3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Brongniart Alexandre - Hôtel de Montesson (Paris).JPG|thumb|right|200px|Design fur the ''Hôtel de Montesson''. ]]{{Unsoorced}}
The '''Hôtel de Montesson''' wis a smaw tounhoose in [[Paris]], Fraunce built fur [[Madame de Montesson]] in circa 1770. She wis the secret wife o [[Louis Philippe, Duke o Orléans|Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke o Orléans]] wha haed a hoose that adjoined the ''[[Hôtel]]''. The biggin wis be destroyed bi fire in [[1810]].
{{Stub/Fraunce}}
[[fr:Rue La Fayette (Paris)#Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire]]

[[Category:Biggins an structurs in Paris]]
[[Category:18t century establishments]]
[[Category:10t arrondissement o Paris]]
[[Category:Umwhile hôtels particuliers in Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>rzyerglvfki1ac92z6ezmqk6daqfft3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Coccinellidae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166744</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927919</id>
      <parentid>917725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:11:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2156" sha1="07xojqcs05vxhdvitaj11hdp1mvf7hx" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Lady beetle
| image = Coccinella magnifica01.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Coccinella magnifica]]''
| domain = [[Eukarya]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a 
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Beetle|Coleoptera]]
| subordo = [[Polyphaga]]
| superfamilia = [[Cucujoidea]]
| familia = '''Coccinellidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1807&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref name=&quot;ITIS&quot;&gt;{{ITIS |id=114329 |taxon=Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807 |accessdate=24 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref name=&quot;ITIS&quot; /&gt;
| subdivision = 
* [[Chilocorinae]] &lt;small&gt;[[Étienne Mulsant|Mulsant]], 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coccidulinae]] &lt;small&gt;Mulsant, 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Coccinellinae]] &lt;small&gt;Latreille, 1807&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Epilachninae]] &lt;small&gt;Mulsant, 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hyperaspidinae]] &lt;small&gt;Duverger, 1989&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Microweiseinae]] &lt;small&gt;Leng, 1920&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Wikispecies: Microweiseinae | url = http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Microweiseinae | year = 2012 | accessdate = 9 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Scymninae]] &lt;small&gt;Mulsant, 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sticholotidinae]] &lt;small&gt;Weise, 1901&lt;/small&gt;
}}
'''Coccinellidae''' is a widespread [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] o smaw [[beetle]]s rangin frae 0.8 tae 18&amp;nbsp;mm (0.0315 tae 0.708&amp;nbsp;inches).&lt;ref name=&quot;Seago&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title=Phylogeny, classification and evolution of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data | url=https://archive.org/details/molecular-phylogenetics-and-evolution_2011-07_60_1/page/137 | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2011  | volume=60 | issue=1 | pages=137–151 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.015 | last1=Seago | last2=Giorgi | last3=Li | last4=Ślipińskia | first1=A. E. | first2=J. A. | first3=J. | first4=A. | pmid=21426943}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Biological pest control beetles]]
[[Category:Coccinellidae| ]]
[[Category:Cucujoidea faimilies]]
[[Category:Insects actin as insect pest control augents]]
[[Category:Taxa named bi Pierre André Latreille]]
{{Stub/Insect}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pallas's cat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166754</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927783</id>
      <parentid>870660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:35:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2436" sha1="7onyv122ukbu6x2uny653vzsl4qnxig" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Pallas's cat
| status = NT
| trend = down
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name = iucn/&gt;
| image = Manoel.jpg
| image_caption = Manul at [[Rotterdam Zoo]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Felidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Felinae]]
| genus = '''''Otocolobus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Johann Friedrich von Brandt|Brandt]], 1841
| species = '''''O. manul'''''
| binomial = ''Otocolobus manul''
| binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
| range_map = Manul map.svg
| range_map_caption = Pallas's cat range
| synonyms = ''Felis manul''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Wozencraft |page=535 |id=14000043}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
The '''Pallas's cat''' (''Otocolobus manul''), cried the '''manul''' an aa, is a smaw wild [[Felidae|cat]] wi a broad but fragmentit distribution in the moors an muntain steppes o [[Central Aisie]]. It is negatively affectit bi haibitat degradation, prey base decline, an huntin, an haes tharefore been cawd ''[[Near Threatened]]'' bi [[Internaitional Union for Conservation o Naitur|IUCN]] syne 2002.&lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{IUCN |assessor=Ross, S. |assessor2=Barashkova, A. |assessor3=Farhadinia, M. S. |assessor4=Appel, A. |assessor5=Riordan, P. |assessor6=Sanderson, J. |assessor7=Munkhtsog, B. |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2016 |id=15640 |taxon=Otocolobus manul |version=2016-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Pallas's cat wis named efter the [[German fowk|German]] [[naituralist]] [[Peter Simon Pallas]], wha first descrived the cat in 1776 unner the [[Binomial nomenclatur|binomial]] ''Felis manul''.&lt;ref name=Pallas&gt;Pallas, P. S. (1811). [https://archive.org/stream/zoographiarossoa11831pall#page/20/mode/2up ''Felis Manul'']. In: Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. Petropoli, in officina Caes. Acadamiae scientiarum. Vol. 1 : 20–23.&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1776]]
[[Category:Felines]]
[[Category:Mammals o Asie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Bhutan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Cheenae]]
[[Category:Mammals o Indie]]
[[Category:Mammals o the Middle East]]
[[Category:Mammals o Mongolie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Nepal]]
[[Category:Mammals o Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mammals o Roushie]]
[[Category:Mammals o Uzbekistan]]
{{stub/Feline}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blue whaul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927836</id>
      <parentid>858851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:09:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927836</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3284" sha1="7f6d0hrs6onua75h3sdy70tqg4iidaj" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
 | name = '''Blue whaul'''&lt;ref name=msw3&gt;{{MSW3 Mead | id = 14300018 | page = 725}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | status = EN
 | status_system = iucn3.1
 | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn&quot;&gt;{{IUCN2013.1 | assessors  = Reilly, S.B., Bannister, J.L., Best, P.B., Brown, M., Brownell Jr., R.L., Butterworth, D.S., Clapham, P.J., Cooke, J., Donovan, G.P., Urbán, J. &amp; Zerbini, A.N.
   | year = 2008 | id = 2477 | title = Balaenoptera musculus | downloaded = 27 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | image = Anim1754 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
 | image_caption = Adult blue whaul &lt;br&gt;(''Balaenoptera musculus'')
 | image2 = blue_whale_size.svg
 | image2_caption = Size compared tae an average human
 | genus = Balaenoptera
 | species = musculus
 | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
 | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
 | subdivision = 
* ''[[Pygmy blue whale|B. m. brevicauda]]'' &lt;small&gt;Ichihara, 1966&lt;/small&gt;
* ?''B. m. indica'' &lt;small&gt;Blyth, 1859&lt;/small&gt;
* ''B. m. intermedia'' &lt;small&gt;Burmeister, 1871&lt;/small&gt;
* ''B. m. musculus'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus, 1758&lt;/small&gt;
 | range_map = Cypron-Range Balaenoptera musculus.svg
 | range_map_caption = Blue whaul range (in blue)
 | synonyms = 
* ''Balaenoptera gibbar'' &lt;small&gt;[[William Scoresby|Scoresby]], 1820&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pterobalaena gigas'' &lt;small&gt;[[Pierre-Joseph van Beneden|Van Beneden]], 1861&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Physalus latirostris'' &lt;small&gt;[[William Henry Flower|Flower]], 1864&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sibbaldius borealis'' &lt;small&gt;[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1866&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Flowerius gigas'' &lt;small&gt;[[Wilhelm Lilljeborg|Lilljeborg]], 1867&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Sibbaldius sulfureus'' &lt;small&gt;[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1869&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Balaenoptera sibbaldii'' &lt;small&gt;[[Georg Ossian Sars|Sars]], 1875&lt;/small&gt;
}}

The '''blue whaul''' (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a [[marine mammal]] belangin tae the [[baleen whaul]]s ([[Mysticeti]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;factsheet&quot; /&gt; At up tae {{convert|30|m|ft}}&lt;ref name=&quot;CalambokidisSteiger1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=John |last1=Calambokidis|first2=Gretchen|last2= Steiger|title=Blue Whales|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=XQoXAQAAIAAJ}}|year=1997|publisher=Colin Baxter Photography|isbn=978-1-900455-21-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=pop/&gt; in lenth an wi a maximum recordit wicht o {{convert|173|tonne|short ton|lk=on|abbr=off}}&lt;ref name=pop/&gt;&lt;ref name=si&gt;{{cite web| title = Animal Records| publisher = Smithsonian National Zoological Park| url = http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/AnimalRecords/| accessdate = 29 May 2007| archive-date = 2016-08-01| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160801110718/https://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/AnimalRecords/| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; an probably reachin ower 181 tonnes (200 short tons), it is the [[:en:Largest organisms|maist muckle ainimal]] kent tae hae iver existit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Paul |first1=Gregory S. |title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs |url=https://archive.org/details/princetonfieldgu00paul_514 |chapter=The Evolution of Dinosaurs and their World |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/princetonfieldgu00paul_514/page/n19 19]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Bortolotti/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blue Whale}}
[[Category:Ainimals descrived in 1758]]
{{stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Colosseum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927928</id>
      <parentid>899206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T17:19:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59718-28</username>
        <id>140041</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>A lot of errors</comment>
      <origin>927928</origin>
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      <text bytes="6319" sha1="jkvdb72zofqp0o2o2u4hdnz4ueowu36" xml:space="preserve">{{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}}

{{Ancient monuments in Rome
|name=Colosseum
|label_name=The Colosseum
|image_name=Rom (IT), Kolosseum -- 2024 -- 0610.jpg
|caption=
|lat_deg = 41|lat_min=53|lat_sec=24.61|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg = 12|lon_min=29|lon_sec=32.17|lon_dir=E
|location=[[14 regions o Augustan Rome|Regio IV Templum Pacis (&quot;Temple o Peace&quot;)]]
|date= 70–80 AD
|builder=[[Vespasian]], [[Titus]]
|type=[[Amphitheatre]]
|Related links=[[Inaugural gemmes o The Flavian Amphitheatre]]
}}
The '''Colosseum''' or '''Coliseum''', kent as the '''Flavian Amphitheatre''' (Laitin: ''Amphitheatrum Flavium''; Italian: ''Anfiteatro Flavio'' {{IPA-it|aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo|}} or ''Colosseo'' {{IPA-it|kolosˈsɛːo|}}) an aw, is an oval [[amphitheatre]] in the centre o the ceety o [[Roum]], [[Italy]]. Biggit o [[travertine#Uises|travertine]], [[tuff]], an brick-faced [[Concrete#History|concrete]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|title=Building the Colosseum|work=roman-colosseum.info|access-date=2018-11-10|archive-date=2012-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227073559/http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is the lairgest [[amphitheatre]] iver biggit. The Colosseum is situatit juist east o the [[Roman Forum]]. Construction begoud unner the emperor [[Vespasian]] in AD 72,&lt;ref&gt;[[#Hopkins|Hopkins]], p. 2&lt;/ref&gt; an wis completit in AD 80 unner his successor an heir [[Titus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_02.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 2 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forder modifications war made in the ring o [[Domitian]] (81–96).&lt;ref name=&quot;roth&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition =First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Thir three emperors are kent as the [[Flavian dynasty]], an the amphitheatre wis named in [[Laitin]] for its association wi thair faimily name ''([[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]])''.

The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated between 50,000 an 80,000 spectators,&lt;ref&gt;William H. Byrnes IV (Spring 2005) &quot;Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity&quot;. ''Rutgers Law Review'' vol. 57, issue 3, pp. 1043–1110.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 1 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; holding an average audience of roughly 65,000;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Baldwin | first = Eleonora | title = Rome day by day | url = https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717 | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc | location = Hoboken | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781118166291 | page = [https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717/page/n35 26]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=local&gt;[http://www.thelocal.it/20150622/dark-tourism-italys-creepiest-attractions Dark Tourism - Italy's Creepiest Attractions], The Local&lt;/ref&gt; it is used for [[gladiatorial]] contests an [[Roman Empire#spectacle|public spectacles]] sic as [[naumachia|mock sea battles]] (for a short time as the ''hypogeum'' was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), [[venatio|ainimal hunts]], executions, re-enactments o famous battles, an dramas based on [[Roman meethologie|Roman mythology]]. The biggin ceased tae be uised for entertainment in the [[Early Middle Ages|early medieval]] era. It wis later reuised for sic purposes as hoosin, wirkshops, quarters for a releegious order, a [[fortress]], a [[quarrel (minin)|quarrel]], an a Christian shrine.

Awtho pairtially ruined acause o damage caused bi yirdquauks an stane-rabbers, the Colosseum is still an [[icon]]ic seembol o [[Imperial Roum]] an is leetit as ane o the [[New7Wonders o the Warld]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| title=The New Seven Wonders of the World| work=[[Hindustan Times]]| date=July 8, 2007| accessdate=July 11, 2007| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043832/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| archivedate=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane o Roum's maist popular [[tourist attraction]]s an forby haes airtins tae the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]], as ilk [[Guid Friday]] the [[Pape]] leads a torchlit [[Stations o the Cross#Modren usage|&quot;Wey o the Cross&quot; procession]] that stairts in the aurie aroond the Colosseum.&lt;ref name=&quot;wayofthecross-frommers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |title=Frommer's Events – Event Guide: Good Friday Procession in Rome (Palatine Hill, Italy) |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=8 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107161525/http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |archivedate=7 January 2009 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flavian Amphitheatre}}
[[Category:1st-century airchitectur]]
[[Category:Amphitheatres in Roum]]
[[Category:Auncient Roman airchitectur]]
[[Category:Biggin projects o the Flavian dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman airchaeology]]
[[Category:Ruins in Italy]]
[[Category:Naitional museums o Italy]]
[[Category:Roond biggins]]
[[Category:Roman amphitheatres in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Rome R. XIX Celio]]
[[Category:Titus]]
[[Category:Vespasian]]
[[Category:80]]
[[Category:80 in Europe]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs completit in the 1st century]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Europe]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids]]
{{stub/Italy}}</text>
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      <id>927929</id>
      <parentid>927928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T17:29:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Revertit edit o ~2026-59718-28, chynged back tae last version bi CommonsDelinker</comment>
      <origin>899206</origin>
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{{Ancient monuments in Rome
|name=Colosseum
|label_name=The Colosseum
|image_name=Rom (IT), Kolosseum -- 2024 -- 0610.jpg
|caption=
|lat_deg = 41|lat_min=53|lat_sec=24.61|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg = 12|lon_min=29|lon_sec=32.17|lon_dir=E
|location=[[14 regions o Augustan Rome|Regio IV Templum Pacis (&quot;Temple o Peace&quot;)]]
|date= 70–80 AD
|builder=[[Vespasian]], [[Titus]]
|type=[[Amphitheatre]]
|Related links=[[Inaugural gemmes o The Flavian Amphitheatre]]
}}
The '''Colosseum''' or '''Coliseum''', kent as the '''Flavian Amphitheatre''' (Laitin: ''Amphitheatrum Flavium''; Italian: ''Anfiteatro Flavio'' {{IPA-it|aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo|}} or ''Colosseo'' {{IPA-it|kolosˈsɛːo|}}) an aw, is an oval [[amphitheatre]] in the centre o the ceety o [[Roum]], [[Italy]]. Biggit o [[travertine#Uises|travertine]], [[tuff]], an brick-faced [[Concrete#History|concrete]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|title=Building the Colosseum|work=roman-colosseum.info|access-date=2018-11-10|archive-date=2012-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227073559/http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is the lairgest [[amphitheatre]] iver biggit. The Colosseum is situatit juist east o the [[Roman Forum]]. Construction begoud unner the emperor [[Vespasian]] in AD 72,&lt;ref&gt;[[#Hopkins|Hopkins]], p. 2&lt;/ref&gt; an wis completit in AD 80 unner his successor an heir [[Titus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_02.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 2 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forder modifications war made in the ring o [[Domitian]] (81–96).&lt;ref name=&quot;roth&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition =First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Thir three emperors are kent as the [[Flavian dynasty]], an the amphitheatre wis named in [[Laitin]] for its association wi thair faimily name ''([[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]])''.

The Colosseum coud hauld, it is estimatit, atween 50,000 an 80,000 spectators,&lt;ref&gt;William H. Byrnes IV (Spring 2005) &quot;Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity&quot;. ''Rutgers Law Review'' vol. 57, issue 3, pp. 1043–1110.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 1 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; haein an average audience o some 65,000;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Baldwin | first = Eleonora | title = Rome day by day | url = https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717 | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc | location = Hoboken | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781118166291 | page = [https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717/page/n35 26]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=local&gt;[http://www.thelocal.it/20150622/dark-tourism-italys-creepiest-attractions Dark Tourism - Italy's Creepiest Attractions], The Local&lt;/ref&gt; it is uised for [[gladiatorial]] contests an [[Roman Empire#spectacle|public spectacles]] sic as [[naumachia|mock sea battles]] (for anerly a short time as the ''hypogeum'' wis suin filled in wi mechanisms tae support the ither activities), [[venatio|ainimal hunts]], executions, re-enactments o famous battles, an dramas based on [[Roman meethologie|Clessical meethologie]]. The biggin ceased tae be uised for entertainment in the [[Early Middle Ages|early medieval]] era. It wis later reuised for sic purposes as hoosin, wirkshops, quarters for a releegious order, a [[fortress]], a [[quarrel (minin)|quarrel]], an a Christian shrine.

Awtho pairtially ruined acause o damage caused bi yirdquauks an stane-rabbers, the Colosseum is still an [[icon]]ic seembol o [[Imperial Roum]] an is leetit as ane o the [[New7Wonders o the Warld]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| title=The New Seven Wonders of the World| work=[[Hindustan Times]]| date=July 8, 2007| accessdate=July 11, 2007| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043832/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| archivedate=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane o Roum's maist popular [[tourist attraction]]s an forby haes airtins tae the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]], as ilk [[Guid Friday]] the [[Pape]] leads a torchlit [[Stations o the Cross#Modren usage|&quot;Wey o the Cross&quot; procession]] that stairts in the aurie aroond the Colosseum.&lt;ref name=&quot;wayofthecross-frommers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |title=Frommer's Events – Event Guide: Good Friday Procession in Rome (Palatine Hill, Italy) |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=8 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107161525/http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |archivedate=7 January 2009 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flavian Amphitheatre}}
[[Category:1st-century airchitectur]]
[[Category:Amphitheatres in Roum]]
[[Category:Auncient Roman airchitectur]]
[[Category:Biggin projects o the Flavian dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman airchaeology]]
[[Category:Ruins in Italy]]
[[Category:Naitional museums o Italy]]
[[Category:Roond biggins]]
[[Category:Roman amphitheatres in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Rome R. XIX Celio]]
[[Category:Titus]]
[[Category:Vespasian]]
[[Category:80]]
[[Category:80 in Europe]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs completit in the 1st century]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Europe]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids]]
{{stub/Italy}}</text>
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{{Ancient monuments in Rome
|name=Colosseum
|label_name=The Colosseum
|image_name=Rom (IT), Kolosseum -- 2024 -- 0610.jpg
|caption=
|lat_deg = 41|lat_min=53|lat_sec=24.61|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg = 12|lon_min=29|lon_sec=32.17|lon_dir=E
|location=[[14 regions o Augustan Rome|Regio IV Templum Pacis (&quot;Temple o Peace&quot;)]]
|date= 70–80 AD
|builder=[[Vespasian]], [[Titus]]
|type=[[Amphitheatre]]
|Related links=[[Inaugural gemmes o The Flavian Amphitheatre]]
}}
The '''Colosseum''' or '''Coliseum''', kent as the '''Flavian Amphitheatre''' (Laitin: ''Amphitheatrum Flavium''; Italian: ''Anfiteatro Flavio'' {{IPA-it|aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo|}} or ''Colosseo'' {{IPA-it|kolosˈsɛːo|}}) an aw, is an oval [[amphitheatre]] in the centre o the ceety o [[Roum]], [[Italy]]. Biggit o [[travertine#Uises|travertine]], [[tuff]], an brick-faced [[Concrete#History|concrete]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|title=Building the Colosseum|work=roman-colosseum.info|access-date=2018-11-10|archive-date=2012-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227073559/http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is the lairgest [[amphitheatre]] iver biggit. The Colosseum is situatit juist east o the [[Roman Forum]]. Construction begoud unner the emperor [[Vespasian]] in AD 72,&lt;ref&gt;[[#Hopkins|Hopkins]], p. 2&lt;/ref&gt; an wis completit in AD 80 unner his successor an heir [[Titus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_02.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 2 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forder modifications war made in the ring o [[Domitian]] (81–96).&lt;ref name=&quot;roth&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition =First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Thir three emperors are kent as the [[Flavian dynasty]], an the amphitheatre wis named in [[Laitin]] for its association wi thair faimily name ''([[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]])''.

The Colosseum coud hauld, it is estimatit, atween 50,000 an 80,000 spectators,&lt;ref&gt;William H. Byrnes IV (Spring 2005) &quot;Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity&quot;. ''Rutgers Law Review'' vol. 57, issue 3, pp. 1043–1110.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 1 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; haein an average audience o some 65,000;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Baldwin | first = Eleonora | title = Rome day by day | url = https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717 | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc | location = Hoboken | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781118166291 | page = [https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717/page/n35 26]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=local&gt;[http://www.thelocal.it/20150622/dark-tourism-italys-creepiest-attractions Dark Tourism - Italy's Creepiest Attractions], The Local&lt;/ref&gt; it is uised for [[gladiatorial]] contests an [[Roman Empire#spectacle|public spectacles]] sic as [[naumachia|mock sea battles]] (for anerly a short time as the ''hypogeum'' wis suin filled in wi mechanisms tae support the ither activities), [[venatio|ainimal hunts]], executions, re-enactments o famous battles, an dramas based on [[Roman meethologie|Clessical meethologie]]. The biggin ceased tae be uised for entertainment in the [[Early Middle Ages|early medieval]] era. It wis later reuised for sic purposes as hoosin, wirkshops, quarters for a releegious order, a [[fortress]], a [[quarrel (minin)|quarrel]], an a Christian shrine.

Awtho pairtially ruined acause o damage caused bi yirdquauks an stane-rabbers, the Colosseum is still an [[icon]]ic seembol o [[Imperial Roum]] an is leetit as ane o the [[New7Wonders o the Warld]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| title=The New Seven Wonders of the World| work=[[Hindustan Times]]| date=July 8, 2007| accessdate=July 11, 2007| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043832/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| archivedate=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane o Roum's maist popular [[tourist attraction]]s an forby haes airtins tae the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]], as ilka [[Guid Friday]] the [[Pape]] leads a torchlit &quot;Wey o the Cross&quot; procession that stairts in the area aroond the Colosseum.&lt;ref name=&quot;wayofthecross-frommers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |title=Frommer's Events – Event Guide: Good Friday Procession in Rome (Palatine Hill, Italy) |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=8 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107161525/http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |archivedate=7 January 2009 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flavian Amphitheatre}}
[[Category:1st-century airchitectur]]
[[Category:Amphitheatres in Roum]]
[[Category:Auncient Roman airchitectur]]
[[Category:Biggin projects o the Flavian dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman airchaeology]]
[[Category:Ruins in Italy]]
[[Category:Naitional museums o Italy]]
[[Category:Roond biggins]]
[[Category:Roman amphitheatres in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Rome R. XIX Celio]]
[[Category:Titus]]
[[Category:Vespasian]]
[[Category:80]]
[[Category:80 in Europe]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs completit in the 1st century]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Europe]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids]]
{{stub/Italy}}</text>
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{{Ancient monuments in Rome
|name=Colosseum
|label_name=The Colosseum
|image_name=Rom (IT), Kolosseum -- 2024 -- 0610.jpg
|lat_deg = 41|lat_min=53|lat_sec=24.61|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg = 12|lon_min=29|lon_sec=32.17|lon_dir=E
|location=[[14 regions o Augustan Rome|Regio IV Templum Pacis (&quot;Temple o Peace&quot;)]]
|date= 70–80 AD
|builder=[[Vespasian]], [[Titus]]
|type=[[Amphitheatre]]
|Related links=[[Inaugural gemmes o The Flavian Amphitheatre]]
}}
The '''Colosseum''' or '''Coliseum''', kent as the '''Flavian Amphitheatre''' (Laitin: ''Amphitheatrum Flavium''; Italian: ''Anfiteatro Flavio'' {{IPA-it|aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo|}} or ''Colosseo'' {{IPA-it|kolosˈsɛːo|}}) an aw, is an oval [[amphitheatre]] in the centre o the ceety o [[Roum]], [[Italy]]. Biggit o [[travertine#Uises|travertine]], [[tuff]], an brick-faced [[Concrete#History|concrete]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|title=Building the Colosseum|work=roman-colosseum.info|access-date=2018-11-10|archive-date=2012-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227073559/http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is the lairgest [[amphitheatre]] iver biggit. The Colosseum is situatit juist east o the [[Roman Forum]]. Construction begoud unner the emperor [[Vespasian]] in AD 72,&lt;ref&gt;[[#Hopkins|Hopkins]], p. 2&lt;/ref&gt; an wis completit in AD 80 unner his successor an heir [[Titus]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_02.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 2 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forder modifications war made in the ring o [[Domitian]] (81–96).&lt;ref name=&quot;roth&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| first=Leland M. | last=Roth | year=1993 | title=Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning | edition =First | publisher=Westview Press | location=Boulder, CO | isbn=0-06-430158-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Thir three emperors are kent as the [[Flavian dynasty]], an the amphitheatre wis named in [[Laitin]] for its association wi thair faimily name ''([[Flavia (gens)|Flavius]])''.

The Colosseum coud hauld, it is estimatit, atween 50,000 an 80,000 spectators,&lt;ref&gt;William H. Byrnes IV (Spring 2005) &quot;Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity&quot;. ''Rutgers Law Review'' vol. 57, issue 3, pp. 1043–1110.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml |title=BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 1 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; haein an average audience o some 65,000;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Baldwin | first = Eleonora | title = Rome day by day | url = https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717 | publisher = John Wiley &amp; Sons Inc | location = Hoboken | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781118166291 | page = [https://archive.org/details/frommersromedayb00hogg_717/page/n35 26]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=local&gt;[http://www.thelocal.it/20150622/dark-tourism-italys-creepiest-attractions Dark Tourism - Italy's Creepiest Attractions], The Local&lt;/ref&gt; it is uised for [[gladiatorial]] contests an [[Roman Empire#spectacle|public spectacles]] sic as [[naumachia|mock sea battles]] (for anerly a short time as the ''hypogeum'' wis suin filled in wi mechanisms tae support the ither activities), [[venatio|ainimal hunts]], executions, re-enactments o famous battles, an dramas based on [[Roman meethologie|Clessical meethologie]]. The biggin ceased tae be uised for entertainment in the [[Early Middle Ages|early medieval]] era. It wis later reuised for sic purposes as hoosin, wirkshops, quarters for a releegious order, a [[fortress]], a [[quarrel (minin)|quarrel]], an a Christian shrine.

Awtho pairtially ruined acause o damage caused bi yirdquauks an stane-rabbers, the Colosseum is still an [[icon]]ic seembol o [[Imperial Roum]] an is leetit as ane o the [[New7Wonders o the Warld]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| title=The New Seven Wonders of the World| work=[[Hindustan Times]]| date=July 8, 2007| accessdate=July 11, 2007| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930043832/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c7e6494a-0e6c-46b4-9982-60b6b4bf20c1&amp;ParentID=f702d4d5-e16e-4a07-bd0a-5bebf5c9b825&amp;MatchID1=4488&amp;TeamID1=8&amp;TeamID2=10&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1120&amp;PrimaryID=4488&amp;Headline=The+new+Seven+Wonders+of+the+World| archivedate=September 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is ane o Roum's maist popular [[tourist attraction]]s an forby haes airtins tae the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]], as ilka [[Guid Friday]] the [[Pape]] leads a torchlit &quot;Wey o the Cross&quot; procession that stairts in the area aroond the Colosseum.&lt;ref name=&quot;wayofthecross-frommers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |title=Frommer's Events – Event Guide: Good Friday Procession in Rome (Palatine Hill, Italy) |publisher=Frommer's |accessdate=8 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107161525/http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&amp;event_id=11442 |archivedate=7 January 2009 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flavian Amphitheatre}}
[[Category:1st-century airchitectur]]
[[Category:Amphitheatres in Roum]]
[[Category:Auncient Roman airchitectur]]
[[Category:Biggin projects o the Flavian dynasty]]
[[Category:Roman airchaeology]]
[[Category:Ruins in Italy]]
[[Category:Naitional museums o Italy]]
[[Category:Roond biggins]]
[[Category:Roman amphitheatres in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:80s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Rome R. XIX Celio]]
[[Category:Titus]]
[[Category:Vespasian]]
[[Category:80]]
[[Category:80 in Europe]]
[[Category:Biggins an structurs completit in the 1st century]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Europe]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids]]
{{stub/Italy}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pease</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>167864</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:16:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
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      <text bytes="1925" sha1="3wixqqxis702ys41k2sp7tz97adfl6x" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name = Pease
|image = Peas_in_pods_-_Studio.jpg
|image_caption = Peas are contained within a pod
|image2 = Doperwt rijserwt peulen Pisum sativum.jpg
|image2_caption = Pease plant: ''Pisum sativum''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Fabales]]
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Pisum]]''
|species = '''''P. sativum'''''
|binomial = ''Pisum sativum''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Lathyrus oleraceus'' &lt;small&gt;Lam.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Pisum arvense'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Pisum biflorum'' &lt;small&gt;Raf.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Pisum elatius'' &lt;small&gt;M.Bieb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Pisum humile'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss. &amp; Noe&lt;/small&gt;
*''Pisum vulgare'' &lt;small&gt;Jundz.&lt;/small&gt;
    }}
|synonyms_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=pisum+sativum
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=7 March 2015
|archive-date=2018-11-06
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106132559/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=pisum+sativum
|url-status=dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
The '''pease''' is maist commonly the smaw spherical [[seed]] or the seed-pod o the pod [[fruit]] '''''Pisum sativum'''''.&lt;ref&gt;Oxford English Dictionary - Pea&lt;/ref&gt; Each pod conteens several peas. Pea pods are botanically [[fruit]],&lt;ref&gt;Rogers, Speed (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IEGqWXgcmQEC&amp;pg=PA169&amp;lpg=PA169&amp;dq=  ''Man and the Biological World'']  Read Books. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-1-4067-3304-4 retrieved on 2009-04-15.&lt;/ref&gt; acause they conteen seeds an developed frae the ovary o a (pease) flouer.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Edible legumes]]
[[Category:Fabeae]]
[[Category:Fruit vegetables]]
[[Category:Plants descrived in 1753]]
[[Category:Plant models]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}
{{Stub/Fuid}}</text>
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    <title>Pistachio</title>
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      <text bytes="1439" sha1="0vfxzyz07ewat94hc02mvp15lyqzg2s" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name               = ''Pistacia vera''
|image              = Pistacchio di Bronte.jpg
|image_caption      = ''Pistacia vera'' (Kerman cultivar) fruits ripening
|image2             = Pistachio macro whitebackground NS.jpg
|image2_caption     = Roastit pistachio seed wi shell
|status             = NT
|status_system      = IUCN3.1
|regnum             = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio   = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis   = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo      = [[Rosids]]
|ordo               = [[Sapindales]]
|familia            = [[Anacardiaceae]]
|genus              = ''[[Pistacia]]''
|species            = '''''P. vera'''''
|binomial           = ''Pistacia vera''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''pistachio''' (''Pistacia vera''), a member o the [[Anacardiaceae|cashew faimily]], is a smaw tree originatin frae [[Central Asie]] an the [[Middle East]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AL-Saghir 2012&quot;&gt;AL-Saghir, M.G., and D.M. Porter. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus ''Pistacia'' L. (Anacardiaceae). ''American Journal of Plant Sciences'', 3: 12-32.&lt;/ref&gt; The tree produces [[nit (fruit)|seeds]] that are widely consumed as fuid.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Pistacia]]
[[Category:Edible nits an seeds]]
[[Category:Flora o Central Asie]]
[[Category:Flora o Western Asie]]
[[Category:Trees o Mediterranean climate]]
[[Category:Italian cuisine]]
[[Category:Plants descrived in 1753]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}
{{Stub/Fuidl}}</text>
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      <id>927927</id>
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      <text bytes="1437" sha1="g96g8u7vuepyr8vu9skg6817k80bmod" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name               = ''Pistacia vera''
|image              = Pistacchio di Bronte.jpg
|image_caption      = ''Pistacia vera'' (Kerman cultivar) fruits ripening
|image2             = Pistachio macro whitebackground NS.jpg
|image2_caption     = Roastit pistachio seed wi shell
|status             = NT
|status_system      = IUCN3.1
|regnum             = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio   = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis   = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo      = [[Rosids]]
|ordo               = [[Sapindales]]
|familia            = [[Anacardiaceae]]
|genus              = ''[[Pistacia]]''
|species            = '''''P. vera'''''
|binomial           = ''Pistacia vera''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''pistachio''' (''Pistacia vera''), a member o the [[Anacardiaceae|cashew faimily]], is a smaw tree originatin frae [[Central Asie]] an the [[Middle East]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AL-Saghir 2012&quot;&gt;AL-Saghir, M.G., and D.M. Porter. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus ''Pistacia'' L. (Anacardiaceae). ''American Journal of Plant Sciences'', 3: 12-32.&lt;/ref&gt; The tree produces [[nit (fruit)|seeds]] that are widely consumed as fuid.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Pistacia]]
[[Category:Edible nits an seeds]]
[[Category:Flora o Central Asie]]
[[Category:Flora o Western Asie]]
[[Category:Trees o Mediterranean climate]]
[[Category:Italian cuisine]]
[[Category:Plants descrived in 1753]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}{{Stub/Fuid}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>George Washington Carver</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>168870</id>
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      <text bytes="2999" sha1="dzvs6tbsgpvqk0pcz0sc7i6p9u1n7zj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = George Washington Carver
| image =George Washington Carver c1910 - Restoration.jpg
| caption = Photograph circa 1910
| birth_date = 1860s
| birth_place = [[Diamond, Missouri]], [[Unitit States|U.S.]]
| death_date = {{death date |1943|1|5}} (aboot 80 year auld)
| death_place = [[Tuskegee, Alabama]], [[Unitit States|U.S.]]
| awards = [[Spingarn Medal]] &lt;small&gt;(1923)&lt;/small&gt;
| religion = [[Christianity]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2010/february/george-washington-carver-master-inventor-artist/ |title=George Washington Carver: Master Inventor, Artist |last=Israel |first=Charlene |publisher=Christian Broadcasting Network |date=15 February 2011 |work=CBN News |accessdate=3 November 2013 |archive-date=2016-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913041845/http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2010/february/george-washington-carver-master-inventor-artist/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''George Washington Carver''' (1860s&lt;ref name =nn&gt;The [[Notable Names Database]] states aroond 1860 citin a census report frae 1870: &quot;1864 is frequently cited as his birth year, but in the 1870 census form filed by Moses and Susan Carver he is listed as being ten years old.&quot; [http://www.nndb.com/people/582/000030492/].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gwcnps&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/gwca/expanded/gwc_tour_01.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201171906/http://www.nps.gov/archive/gwca/expanded/gwc_tour_01.htm |title=About GWC: A Tour of His Life |archivedate=2008-02-01 |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |work=[[George Washington Carver National Monument]] |quote=George Washington Carver did not know the exact date of his birth, but he thought it was in January 1864 (some evidence indicates July 1861, but not conclusively). He knew it was sometime before slavery was abolished in Missouri, which occurred in January 1865.}}&lt;/ref&gt; – 5 Januar 1943), wis an American [[botanist]] an inventor.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carver, George Washington}}
[[Category:Date o birth unkent]]
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    <title>Rattra, Aiberdeenshire</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172335</id>
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      <text bytes="1554" sha1="54bs0vppijkraoz26pd0jo2jtr1msv9" xml:space="preserve">[[File:StMarysRattary.jpg|thumb|225px|The ruins o St Mary's Chapel]]
'''Rattra''' ([[Scots Gaelic]]: ''Raitear'') wis a [[burgh]] on the coast o Buchan in [[Aiberdeenshire]] ({{gbmapping|NK088578}}), near the modren village o [[Creemond]]. The place haed been settled as faur back as 4000 BC.&lt;ref name=&quot;webhistorian&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.webhistorian.co.uk/pages/index.php?id=45|title=The Web Historian|accessdate=2007-01-26|archive-date=2007-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006095414/http://www.webhistorian.co.uk/pages/index.php?id=45|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mary, Queen o Scots]] makkit it a [[Ryal burgh|ryal burgh]] in 1563, tae pit an end tae the disputes ower the superiority o it atween [[Yerl Marischal|William Keith, 4t Yerl Marischal]], an George Hay, 7t Yerl o Erroll.&lt;ref name=&quot;BUCHANFIELDCLUB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rattrayhead.net/history/buchanfieldclub.htm|title=Buchan Field Club|author=Rattray Head.net|accessdate=2007-08-06|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195843/http://www.rattrayhead.net/history/buchanfieldclub.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its harbour silted up, an a storm shut it for guid in 1720. Aw that is left the day is the ruin o St Mary's Chapel an the motte o the auld castle.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|57|36|38.87|N|1|51|6.72|W|type:city_region:GB|display=title}}

[[Category:Veelages in Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Umwhile populatit places in Scotland]]
[[Category:Aiberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
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  <page>
    <title>Haver craw</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172944</id>
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      <text bytes="1480" sha1="5fqsiuzff8xsm2ayubcmd55wnymdtn4" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = Haver craw
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{IUCN|id=22706016 |title=''Corvus corone'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Corvus corone -near Canford Cliffs, Poole, England-8.jpg
| image_caption = Scavengin on saund in Dorset, Ingland&lt;br /&gt;[[File:Carrion Crow (Corvus corone) (W1CDR0001425 BD18).ogg|thumb|center|Bird recordit in Devon, Ingland]]
| image_upright = 1.1
| taxon = Corvus corone
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]
| range_map = Corvus corone map.png
| range_map_upright = 1.1
| range_map_caption = Haver craw range{{leftlegend|#007F00|Year-Roond Range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#E0CF01|Simmer Range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#0080FF|Winter Range|outline=gray}}
}}
[[File:Corvus corone corone MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.173.1.jpg|thumb|''Corvus corone corone'']]
The '''haver craw''' or '''black-nebbit craw''' (''Corvus corone'') is a [[passerine]] bird o the faimily [[Corvidae]] an the genus ''[[Corvus (genus)|Corvus]]'' that is native tae wastren [[Europe]] an eastren [[Asie]].&lt;ref name=IUCN /&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:craw, haver}}
[[Category:Corvus (genus)|haver craw]]
[[Category:Craws|haver craw]]
[[Category:Birds o Eurasie]]
[[Category:Birds o Japan]]
[[Category:Birds descrived in 1758|haver craw]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kakapo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176779</id>
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      <text bytes="1634" sha1="3kgrw9fp5cil0xt13dkzuvqssfej2jc" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| name = Kakapo
| image = Sirocco full length portrait.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = A male named [[Sirocco (parrot)|Sirocco]] on [[Maud Island]]
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{IUCN|id=22685245 |title=''Strigops habroptila'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2013 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus = Strigops
| parent_authority = [[George Robert Gray|G.R. Gray]], 1845
| species = habroptila
| authority = [[George Robert Gray|G.R. Gray]], 1845
}}
The '''kakapo''' ([[Māori leid|Māori]]: '''''kākāpō''''' or ''nicht parrot''), ''Strigops habroptila'' ([[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1845), cried '''houlet parrot''' an aw, is a species o lairge, [[Flichtless bird|flichtless]], [[Nocturnal ainimal|nocturnal]], grund-dwellin parrot o the super-faimily [[New Zealand parrot|Strigopoidea]] [[Endemism|endemic]] tae [[New Zealand]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Best1984&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=H. A. |last=Best| title=The foods of kakapo on Stewart Island as determined from their feeding sign| journal=New Zealand Journal of Ecology|year=1984| volume=7| pages=71–83| url=http://newzealandecology.org/nzje/1599.pdf|accessdate=15 January 2016|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Birds descrived in 1845]]
[[Category:Birds o New Zealand]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna o New Zealand]]
[[Category:Flichtless birds]]
[[Category:Yerbivorous vertebrates]]
[[Category:Māori cultur]]
[[Category:Māori wirds an phrases]]
[[Category:Parrots o Oceanie]]
[[Category:Strigopidae]]
{{Stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mohammad bin Salman</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178721</id>
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      <text bytes="3152" sha1="m1nad8cbwmh7j77o68abh9br793rilb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ryalty
| title = [[Croun Prince o Saudi Arabie]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Defense Meenister o Saudi Arabie]]
| image = Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud - 2017.jpg
| caption = Mohammad bin Salman in 2017
| succession = [[Croun Prince o Saudi Arabie]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;First Deputy Prime Meenister&lt;/small&gt;
| reign = 21 Juin 2017–present
| reign-type = In office
| predecessor = [[Muhammad bin Nayef]]
| regent = [[Salman o Saudi Arabie|Salman]]
| reg-type = Monarch
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|8|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabie
| spouse = Leticia bint Ribeiro bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|
| full name = Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
| house = [[Hoose o Saud]]
| father = [[Salman o Saudi Arabie|Salman]]
| mother = Fahda bint Falah bin Sultan bin Hathleen al-Ajmi
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] 
{{Infobox  minister | embed=yes
| education = &lt;small&gt;Bachelor's degree in law&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br&gt;[[Keeng Saud Varsity]] 
}}
| regent-type = Monarch
| succession1 = [[Croun Prince o Saudi Arabie|Deputy Croun Prince o Saudi Arabie]] &lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Second Deputy [[Prime Meenister]]&lt;/small&gt;
| reign1 =  29 Apryle 2015 – 21 Juin 2017
| reign-type1 = In office  
| predecessor1 = [[Muhammad bin Nayef]]
| successor1 = Nane
| regent1 = [[Salman o Saudi Arabie|Salman]]
| succession2 = [[Meenister o Defense (Saudi Arabie)|Defense Meenister o Saudi Arabie]]
| reign2 = 23 Januar 2015–present
| regent2 = [[Salman o Saudi Arabie|Salman]]
| predecessor2 = [[Salman o Saudi Arabie|Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
|signature=Mohammed bin Salman Signature.svg}}
'''Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' ({{lang-ar|محمد بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود}}; born 31 August 1985), kent as '''MBS''' forby,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=|title=Muhammad bin Salman cracks down on his perceived opponents|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729460-police-have-arrested-dozens-public-figures-who-were-critical-crown|work=[[The Economist]]|date=21 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; is the [[Croun Prince o Saudi Arabie]], First Depute Prime Meenister o Saudi Arabie{{citation needed}} an the youngest meenister o defence in the warld.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mohammed bin Nayef kingpin in new Saudi Arabia: country experts|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678|accessdate=1 February 2015|work=Middle East Eye|date=1 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203221027/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678|archivedate=3 February 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Notes an references==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===References===
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Mohammad bin Salman Al}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
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    <title>Varsity o St Andras</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Boeing 757</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1727" sha1="sidsnpt7y1gmlzyr0l39nfj6z1bczsf" xml:space="preserve">{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= Boeing 757
 |image= File:Icelandair Boeing 757-256 Wedelstaedt.jpg
 |caption= [[Icelandair]] Boeing 757-200 on final approach
 |alt=A mostly white Boeing 757 with blue and yellow trim preparing for landing against a blue sky. Landing gear and flaps are fully extended in  final approach configuration.
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type= [[Narrae-bouk aircraft|Narrae-bouk]] [[jet airliner]]
 |national origin= Unitit States
 |manufacturer= [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]]
 |first flight= Februar 19, 1982
 |introduced= Januar 1, 1983, wi [[Eastern Air Lines]]
 |status= In service
 |primary user= [[Delta Air Lines]]
 |more users= {{plainlist|
* [[FedEx Express]]
* [[United Airlines]]
* [[UPS Airlines]]}}
 |produced= 1981–2004
 |number built= 1,050&lt;ref name=last757built&gt;{{cite web |url=http://boeing.mediaroom.com/2004-10-28-Boeing-Marks-Completion-of-its-757-Commercial-Airplane-Program |title=Boeing Marks Completion of its 757 Commercial Airplane Program |date=October 28, 2004 |publisher=Boeing |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |unit cost= {{plainlist|
* 757-200: US$65&amp;nbsp;million (2002)
* 757-300: US$80&amp;nbsp;million (2002)}}
 |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing C-32]]
}}
|}
The '''Boeing 757''' is a mid-size, [[Narrae-bouk aircraft|narrae-bouk]] [[twinjet|twin-ingine]] [[jet airliner]] that wis designed an biggit bi [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]].&lt;ref name=last757built /&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Boeing aircraft|757]]
[[Category:Unitit States airliners 1980–1989]]
[[Category:Unitit States cargae aircraft 1980–1989]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Boeing 757| ]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flewn in 1982]]
[[Category:Law-weeng aircraft]]</text>
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    <title>Straeberry</title>
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    <id>182533</id>
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      <text bytes="1044" sha1="o009cvtjd15isjud5zyrp5tropifqbw" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| name = Strawberry&lt;br /&gt;''Fragaria'' × ''ananassa''
| image= Strawberry BNC.jpg
| image_caption = Straeberry fruit
| image2 = Strawberry Cross BNC.jpg
| image2_caption = Straeberry fruit cross section
| genus = Fragaria
| species = {{hybrid}} ananassa
| authority = [[Antoine Nicolas Duchesne|Duchesne]]
}}
The '''gairden straeberry''' (or semply '''straeberry'''; '''''Fragaria × ananassa''''')&lt;ref name=Manganaris2014&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Manganaris GA, Goulas V, Vicente AR, Terry LA |title=Berry antioxidants: small fruits providing large benefits|journal=Journal of the science of food and agriculture|volume=94|issue=5|pages=825–33|date=March 2014|pmid=24122646|doi=10.1002/jsfa.6432}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a widely grown [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid species]] o the genus ''[[Fragaria]]'', collectively kent as the strawberries.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fragaria]]
[[Category:Hybrid fruit]]
[[Category:Craps]]
[[Category:Straeberries| ]]
[[Category:Soor fruits]]
{{Stub/Plaunt}}
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    <title>Varsity o St. Andras</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Scrophularia nodosa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>184663</id>
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{{Speciesbox
|image = Scrophularia nodosa8.jpg
|genus = Scrophularia
|species = nodosa
|authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Scrophularia nodosa''''' (cried '''figwort''', '''rose noble''' or '''stinkin roger''') is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Yerbaceous plant|yerbaceous]] [[plant]] fund in [[Temperate climate|temperate regions]] o the Northren Hemisphere, apart fae wastren North America.&lt;ref&gt;Mills, S., The Complete Guide to Modern Herbalism, Thorsons, Great Britain, 1994.&lt;/ref&gt; It grows in weet an cultivatit waste grund.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SCNO2 |title=PLANTS Profile for Scrophularia nodosa (woodland figwort) {{!}} USDA PLANTS |access-date=2018-02-05 |archive-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505112427/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SCNO2 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q159115}}

[[Category:Scrophularia|nodosa]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Flora o North Americae]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1753]]
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  <page>
    <title>Juncus acutiflorus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>184949</id>
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      <text bytes="1142" sha1="nligvt1l5iol1a4l4o2qc60prsvvouh" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| image = Juncus.acutiflorus2.-.lindsey.jpg
| genus = Juncus
| species = acutiflorus
| authority = Ehrh. ex Hoffm., 1791
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=gbif&gt;{{cite web|title=Scientific names|url=http://data.gbif.org/search/Juncus+acutiflorus|publisher=GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)|access-date=2011-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926152618/http://data.gbif.org/search/Juncus+acutiflorus|archive-date=2012-09-26|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms =
*''Juncus acutiflorus subsp. genuinus''
*''Juncus acutiflorus var. brevirostris''
}}
'''''Juncus acutiflorus''''', or '''sharp-flouered rash''', is a rash, a gressy plant in the genus ''Juncus''. It is cried '''spret''' an aw. It flouers atween Julie an September.&lt;ref name=Flower&gt;{{cite web |last=Lindsey |first=J. K. |title=''Juncus acutiflorus'' Ehrhart ex Hoffmann 1791 (Family Juncaceae) |url=http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Grasses/SuGrasses/Juncus.acutiflorus.html |work=Ecology of Commanster}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{taxonbar}}

[[Category:Juncus|acutiflorus]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1791]]
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  <page>
    <title>Nardus</title>
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      <text bytes="1428" sha1="fh1hcxhy4uwdhxkilbsnpkvxluxap2f" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = White bent
| image = Nardus stricta mountain medow.JPG
| display_parents = 3
| grandparent_authority = W.&amp;nbsp;D.&amp;nbsp;J. Koch
| genus = Nardus
| parent_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| species = stricta
| authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=u&gt;[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=425433 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40025241 Tropicos, ''Nardus'' L.]&lt;/ref&gt;
| synonyms =
*''Natschia'' &lt;small&gt;Bubani&lt;/small&gt;
*''Natschia stricta'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) Bubani&lt;/small&gt;
*''Nardus glabriculmis'' &lt;small&gt;Sakalo&lt;/small&gt;
*''Nardus stricta'' var. ''glabriculmis'' &lt;small&gt;(Sakalo) Tzvelev&lt;/small&gt;
}}
'''''Nardus''''' is a genus o plants in the [[Poaceae|gress faimily]], wi ae species, '''''Nardus stricta'''''. Its common nems are '''matgress''',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=https://bsbi.org/download/3542/ |format=xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-format=xls |archive-date=2015-06-26 |access-date=2014-10-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''white bent''', '''weir-bent''', '''wire''' an '''deevil's hair'''. It is native tae [[Eurasie]], [[North Africae]] an north-eastren North Americae.&lt;ref name=u/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Pooideae]]
[[Category:Monotypic Poaceae genera]]
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    <title>Proveesional Irish Republican Airmy</title>
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    <redirect title="Irish Republican Army" />
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  <page>
    <title>Beld-cuit</title>
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      <text bytes="2294" sha1="5dqjfa5b5uuxr3ly62e5db1sa8jucrk" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Beld-cuit
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{IUCN|id=22692913 |title=''Fulica atra'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Fulica atra, Blässhuhn am Adenauer-Weiher.jpg
| image2 =EurasianCoot.ogg
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Gruiformes]]
| familia = [[Rallidae]]
| genus = ''[[Fulica]]''
| species = '''''F. atra'''''
| binomial = ''Fulica atra''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]
| range_map = Fulica_atra_distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Range o ''F. atra'' {{leftlegend|#CE6256|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#E58E7B|Year-round range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#F2C1AD|Wintering range|outline=gray}}
| synonyms =
* ''Fulica prior'' &lt;small&gt;De Vis, 1888&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=Condon1975&gt;{{cite book |last1=Condon |first1=H.T. |authorlink=Herbert Thomas Condon |year=1975 |title=Checklist of the Birds of Australia: Non-Passerines |url=https://archive.org/details/checklistofbirds0000cond |publisher=Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union |location=Melbourne |page=[https://archive.org/details/checklistofbirds0000cond/page/57 57]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
[[File:Fulica atra MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.67.11.jpg|thumb| ''Fulica atra'']]
The '''beld(-)cuit''' (''Fulica atra'') is a member o the rail an craik [[bird]] faimily, the [[Rallidae]]. It bides in Europe, Asie, Australie, New Zealand an pairts o North Africae.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBzYAAAAMAAJ |page=122 |title=Bird Encyclopaedia |author1=Vladimír Bejček |author2=Karel Štastný |publisher=Rebo Productions |year=1999|isbn=978-1-84053-149-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ither names==
The beld-cuit is cried the '''cuit''', '''snysin''', '''watter craw''', '''beldie''', '''whistlin deuk''', '''hawkie''', '''bauldpate''', '''drink-a-penny''', '''beld pout''' an '''snellie''' as weel.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{taxonbar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:cuit, beld}}
[[Category:Fulica|beld cuit]]
[[Category:Birds o Eurasie]]
[[Category:Birds o North Africae]]
[[Category:Birds o Oceanie]]
[[Category:Birds descrived in 1758|beld cuit]]
{{stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Axolotl</title>
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    <id>186226</id>
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      <text bytes="2177" sha1="kv5t2lj62t68nld6b991f406qevrchv" xml:space="preserve">{{speciesbox
| name = Axolotl
| image = Axolotl ganz.jpg
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite journal |author=Luis Zambrano |author2=Paola Mosig Reidl |author3=Jeanne McKay |author4=Richard Griffiths |author5=Brad Shaffer |author6=Oscar Flores-Villela |author7=Gabriela Parra-Olea |author8=David Wake |title=''Ambystoma mexicanum'' |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2010 |page=e.T1095A3229615 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |year=2010 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/1095/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T1095A3229615.en |access-date=8 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus = Ambystoma
| species = mexicanum
| authority = ([[George Shaw|Shaw]], 1789)
}}
The '''axolotl''' (frae {{lang-nci|'''āxōlōtl'''}} {{IPA-nah|aːˈʃoːloːtɬ||Axolotl.ogg}}) kent as a '''Mexican salamander''' (''Ambystoma mexicanum'') or a '''Mexican walkin fish''' an aa, is a [[neoteny|neotenic]] [[salamander]], closely relatit tae the [[teeger salamander]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.aquariumindustries.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Mexican-Walking-Fish.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-02-14 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184948/http://www.aquariumindustries.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Mexican-Walking-Fish.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.aquariumonline.com.au/topics/creatures/mexican.htm |title=Axolotols (Walking Fish) |publisher=Aquarium Online |accessdate=2013-09-12 |archive-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410234310/http://www.aquariumonline.com.au/topics/creatures/mexican.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar}}

[[Category:Mole salamanders]]
[[Category:Amphibians o Mexico]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna o Mexico]]
[[Category:Valley o Mexico]]
[[Category:Ainimals bred for albinism on a lairge scale]]
[[Category:Ainimal testin]]
[[Category:Population genetics]]
[[Category:Regenerative biomedicine]]
[[Category:Vertebrate ainimal models]]
[[Category:Creetically endangered biota o Mexico]]
[[Category:Creetically endangered fauna o North Americae]]
{{Stub/Amphibian}}</text>
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    <title>M16 rifle</title>
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      <text bytes="8192" sha1="kgf0ywdkz1908z6tvkzw725mb4p8xn2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox weapon
|name=Rifle, Caliber 5.56&amp;nbsp;mm, M16
|image=[[File:M16a1m16a2m4m16a45wi.jpg|border|300px]]
|caption=Frae top tae bottom: M16A1, M16A2, [[M4 carbine|M4A1]], M16A4
|origin=United States
|type=[[Assaut rifle]]
|is_ranged=Yes
|service=1964–present&lt;ref name= &quot;autogenerated5&quot;&gt;[http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a953110.pdf Report of the M16 rifle review panel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201210331/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a953110.pdf |date=2012-12-01 }}. Department of the Army.  DTIC. 1 June 1968.&lt;/ref&gt;
|wars={{plainlist|
[[Vietnam War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Laotian Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cambodie Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Moro conflict]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cambodie-Vietnamese War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lebanese Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Salvadoran Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Somali Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[The Tribbles]]&lt;br&gt;[[First Liberie Ceevil War]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://books.google.pl/books?id=SjuQ6vaH3bgC&amp;pg=PT62&amp;lpg=PT62&amp;dq=m16+liberian+civil+war&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=FRY5aNp0Px&amp;sig=rzcq1u8VEbWK09MGQfE9sNbVbxA&amp;hl=pl&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiL98fb38_XAhVJOJoKHRH9CmgQ6AEITzAI#v=onepage&amp;q=m16+liberian+civil+war&amp;f=false|title=The Liberian Civil War|first=Mark|last=Huband|date=17 June 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Gulf War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Seicont Liberie Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)|War in Afghanistan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Iraq War]]&lt;br&gt;[[Iraqi Ceevil War (2014-present)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nev98WU4ThE|title=Battle For Mosul: The end could be near for IS|date=26 June 2017|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Sirian Ceevil War]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87h6FSEU3ew|title=YouTube|website=Youtube.com|accessdate=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}[[Battle o Marawi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/06/22/arming-maute-group-marawi-city/|title=Arming the Maute Group in Marawi City - The Firearm Blog|date=22 June 2017|website=Thefirearmblog.com|accessdate=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|designer=[[Eugene Stoner]] an [[L. James Sullivan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Focus on Basics, Urges Small Arms Designer |first=Virginia Hart |last=Ezell |authorlink= |date=November 2001 |journal=National Defense |publisher=[[National Defense Industrial Association]] |url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2001/November/Pages/Focus_on4174.aspx |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207022745/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/ARCHIVE/2001/NOVEMBER/Pages/Focus_on4174.aspx |archivedate=7 December 2010 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|design_date=1956&lt;ref name=Hogg2000_p291&gt;{{Cite book |title=Military Small Arms of the 20th Century |edition=7th |first=Ian V. |last=Hogg |first2=John S. |last2=Weeks |publisher=Krause Publications |location=Iola, Wisconsin|authorlink= Ian V. Hogg|year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87341-824-9 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=teAAHt1GaE8C |ref=harv }}, p.&amp;nbsp;291&lt;/ref&gt;
|manufacturer=
* [[Colt's Manufacturing Company]]
* [[S&amp;T Motiv|Daewoo Precision Industries]]
* [[FN Herstal]]
* [[H&amp;R Firearms]]
* [[General Motors]] [[Hydramatic]] Division
* Elisco
* [[U.S. Ordnance]]
|production_date={{plainlist|
*As the Armalite AR-15 frae 1959 tae 1964&lt;ref name=Hogg2000_p291/&gt;
*As the Colt M16 rifle frae 1964 tae present&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated5&quot;/&gt;}}
|number=c. 8 million&lt;ref name=colt_customers&gt;[http://www.colt.com/mil/customers.asp Customers / Weapon users]. Colt Weapon Systems. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902033712/http://www.colt.com/mil/customers.asp |date=2 September 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|variants=See ''[[Leet o Colt AR-15 an M16 rifle variants]]''
|spec_type=[[Selective fire]]/[[assaut rifle]]
|spec_label=M16
|weight={{convert|6.37|lb|kg|2|abbr=on}} (unlaidit)&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|7.5|lb|kg|2|abbr=on}} (laidit)
|length={{convert|39.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|part_length={{convert|20|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|cartridge=[[5.56×45mm NATO]]
|action=[[Gas-operatit relaidin|Gas-operatit]], [[rotatin bowt]] ([[direct impingement]])
|rate= 700–950 roonds/meen cyclic sustained &lt;br /&gt;45–60 roonds/meen semi-automatic
|velocity={{convert|3150|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} ([[5.56×45mm NATO#M855A1|M855A1]] roond)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://acc.dau.mil/adl/en-US/382846/file/68848/Public%20Release%20EPR%20Apr12.pdf|title=M855A1 Enhanced Performance Round (EPR), LTC Philip Clark, Product Manager Small Caliber Ammunition, April 2012|website=Acc.dau.mil|access-date=2018-02-27|archive-date=2017-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125120308/https://acc.dau.mil/adl/en-US/382846/file/68848/Public%20Release%20EPR%20Apr12.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|range={{convert|550|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} (pynt target)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.peosoldier.army.mil/portfolio/#202 |title=M16A2/A4 rifle |publisher=peosoldier.army.mil |date= |accessdate=29 July 2015 |archive-date=2014-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724043400/http://www.peosoldier.army.mil/portfolio/#202 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|800|m|yd|0|abbr=on}} (aurie target)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_guide_topics/m16a2/m16a2-study-guide.shtml |title=M16/A2 - 5.56 mm Semiautomatic Rifle |publisher=ArmyStudyGuide.com |date= |accessdate=13 July 2014 |archive-date=2014-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706211034/http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_guide_topics/m16a2/m16a2-study-guide.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|max_range={{convert|3600|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}
|feed=20-roond detachable box magazine:&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|0.211|lb|g|abbr=on}} emptie / {{convert|0.738|lb|g|abbr=on}} full&lt;br /&gt;30-roond detachable box magazine:&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|0.257|lb|g|abbr=on}} emptie / {{convert|1.06|lb|g|abbr=on}} full)&lt;br /&gt;Beta C-Mag 100-roond dooble-lobed drum:&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|2.20|lb|g|abbr=on}} emptie / {{convert|4.81|lb|g|abbr=on}} full)
|sights=[[Airn sichts]] or various optics
}}
The '''M16 rifle''', offeecially designatit '''Rifle, Caliber 5.56&amp;nbsp;mm, M16''', is a Unitit States militar adaptation o the [[ArmaLite AR-15]] rifle.&lt;ref name=&quot;m-14parts.com&quot;&gt;Kern, Danford Allan (2006). [http://www.m-14parts.com/M14toM16.pdf The influence of organizational culture on the acquisition of the m16 rifle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105215841/http://www.m-14parts.com/M14toM16.pdf |date=2013-11-05 }}. m-14parts.com. A thesis presented to the Faculty of the US Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE, Military History. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nodakspud.com&quot;&gt;Kokalis, Peter G. [http://www.nodakspud.com/RetroAR15.pdf Retro AR-15] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215125009/http://www.nodakspud.com/RetroAR15.pdf |date=2022-12-15 }}. Nodakspud.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ezell |first=Edward Clinton |title= Small Arms of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld0000ezel_12ed |year=1983|publisher=Stackpole Books|location=New York |isbn=978-0-88029-601-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/smallarmsofworld0000ezel_12ed/page/46 46]–47}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=n|[[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]] purchased the richts tae the AR-15 name in 1959 an currently uises that designation anly for semi-automatic versions o the rifle.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rose|2009|pp=373, 380, 392}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Small_Arms_Urban&gt;{{cite book |last=Tilstra |first=Russell C. |title=Small Arms for Urban Combat |year=2012 |publisher=McFarland |location=US |isbn=978-0-7864-6523-1 |page=97 |url=http://www.mcfarlandpub.com/book-2.php?id=978-0-7864-6523-1 |access-date=2018-02-27 |archive-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509024618/http://www.mcfarlandpub.com/book-2.php?id=978-0-7864-6523-1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:M16 Rifle}}
[[Category:ArmaLite AR-10 derivatives]]
[[Category:5.56 mm assaut rifles]]
[[Category:Infantry wappens o the Cauld War]]
[[Category:Rifles o the Cauld War]]
[[Category:Colt rifles]]
[[Category:Rifles o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Unitit States Marine Corps equipment]]
[[Category:Wappens an ammuneetion introduced in 1964]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hanseatic League</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>188124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927829</id>
      <parentid>816755</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:06:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2018" sha1="qcq0b8bid202nlx8u46nxjprywtd8nm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
|name = Hanseatic League
|native_name = ''Hanse''&lt;br /&gt;''Hansa''
|image_map = Ausbreitung der Hanse um das Jahr 1400-Droysens 28.jpg
|map_width = 300px
|map_caption = {{center|Northren Europe in the 1400s, shawin the extent o the Hanseatic League (Hanse or Hansa)}}
|membership_type = Membership
|admin_center_type = Caipital
|admin_center = [[Free Ceety o Lübeck|Lübeck]]
|languages_type = [[Lingua franca]]
|languages = [[Middle Law German]]
|established = 1358
}}
The '''Hanseatic League''' (forby kent as the '''''Hanse''''' or '''''Hansa'''''; [[Middle Law German]]: ''Hanse'', ''Deutsche Hanse'', {{lang|la|Hansa Teutonica}} or {{lang|la|Liga Hanseatica}}) wis a commercial an defensive confederation o merchant [[guild]]s an thair mercat touns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |date=8 March 2019 |title=Hanseatic League |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hanseatic_League/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hanseatic League| ]]
[[Category:Northren Europe]]
[[Category:Umwhile monopolies]]
[[Category:Tred monopolies]]
[[Category:Early Modren Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Umwhile confederations]]
[[Category:Early Modren history o Germany]]
[[Category:Early Modren Netherlands]]
[[Category:Economic history o the Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:History o internaitional tred]]
[[Category:Free imperial ceeties|*Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Internaitional tred organisations]]
[[Category:Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Brandenburg-Proushie]]
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Guilds]]
[[Category:Late Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Northren Renaissance]]
[[Category:History o Proushie]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 1350s]]
[[Category:1358 establishments]]
[[Category:14t century in Europe]]
[[Category:15t century in Europe]]
[[Category:16t century in Europe]]
[[Category:Medieval Germany]]
[[Category:1350s establishments in Europe]]
{{stub/Germany}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927842</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:11:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit soorces tae support the claim that the lingua franca wis Middle Law German. The code is frae the Inglis wiki, see the page history of &quot;[[:en:Hanseatic League|Hanseatic League]]&quot; fur attribution</comment>
      <origin>927842</origin>
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      <text bytes="3269" sha1="j4t49x8skwob7ce0semwdez2tddziqc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
|name = Hanseatic League
|native_name = ''Hanse''&lt;br /&gt;''Hansa''
|image_map = Ausbreitung der Hanse um das Jahr 1400-Droysens 28.jpg
|map_width = 300px
|map_caption = {{center|Northren Europe in the 1400s, shawin the extent o the Hanseatic League (Hanse or Hansa)}}
|membership_type = Membership
|admin_center_type = Caipital
|admin_center = [[Free Ceety o Lübeck|Lübeck]]
|languages_type = [[Lingua franca]]
|languages = [[Middle Law German]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cordes1983&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last= Gabrielsson |author-first1= Artur |editor-last1= Cordes |editor-first1= Gerhard |editor-last2= Möhn |editor-first2= Dieter |title= Handbuch zur niederdeutschen Sprach – und Literaturwissenschaft |chapter= Die Verdrängung der mittelniederdeutschen durch die neuhochdeutsche Schriftsprache |url= {{google books|plainurl=yes|id=QGavEQHPCqgC}} |chapter-url= {{google books|plainurl=yes|id=QGavEQHPCqgC|page=119}} |language= de |trans-title= Handbook on Low German Linguistics and Literature Studies |trans-chapter= The displacement of the Middle Low German by the New High German written language |date= 1983 |pages= 119–181 |location= Berlin |publisher= Erich Schmidt Verlag |isbn= 978-3-503-01645-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blank2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last= Blank |first= Angelika |title= Die Hanse – Bündnis mit Tradition |language= de |trans-title= The Hanseatic League – an alliance with tradition |date= 1 June 2008 |url= https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |publisher= wendland-net.de |access-date= 1 October 2021 |archive-date= 18 June 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220618120425/https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established = 1358
}}
The '''Hanseatic League''' (forby kent as the '''''Hanse''''' or '''''Hansa'''''; [[Middle Law German]]: ''Hanse'', ''Deutsche Hanse'', {{lang|la|Hansa Teutonica}} or {{lang|la|Liga Hanseatica}}) wis a commercial an defensive confederation o merchant [[guild]]s an thair mercat touns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |date=8 March 2019 |title=Hanseatic League |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hanseatic_League/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hanseatic League| ]]
[[Category:Northren Europe]]
[[Category:Umwhile monopolies]]
[[Category:Tred monopolies]]
[[Category:Early Modren Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Umwhile confederations]]
[[Category:Early Modren history o Germany]]
[[Category:Early Modren Netherlands]]
[[Category:Economic history o the Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:History o internaitional tred]]
[[Category:Free imperial ceeties|*Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Internaitional tred organisations]]
[[Category:Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Brandenburg-Proushie]]
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Guilds]]
[[Category:Late Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Northren Renaissance]]
[[Category:History o Proushie]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 1350s]]
[[Category:1358 establishments]]
[[Category:14t century in Europe]]
[[Category:15t century in Europe]]
[[Category:16t century in Europe]]
[[Category:Medieval Germany]]
[[Category:1350s establishments in Europe]]
{{stub/Germany}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927849</id>
      <parentid>927842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:14:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>impruivin citations for scowiki</comment>
      <origin>927849</origin>
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      <text bytes="3286" sha1="4hd5xkxlavq3dkr458ugo16l7807r8n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
|name = Hanseatic League
|native_name = ''Hanse''&lt;br /&gt;''Hansa''
|image_map = Ausbreitung der Hanse um das Jahr 1400-Droysens 28.jpg
|map_width = 300px
|map_caption = {{center|Northren Europe in the 1400s, shawin the extent o the Hanseatic League (Hanse or Hansa)}}
|membership_type = Membership
|admin_center_type = Caipital
|admin_center = [[Free Ceety o Lübeck|Lübeck]]
|languages_type = [[Lingua franca]]
|languages = [[Middle Law German]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cordes1983&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last= Gabrielsson |author-first1= Artur |editor-last1= Cordes |editor-first1= Gerhard |editor-last2= Möhn |editor-first2= Dieter |title= Handbuch zur niederdeutschen Sprach – und Literaturwissenschaft |chapter= Die Verdrängung der mittelniederdeutschen durch die neuhochdeutsche Schriftsprache |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGavEQHPCqgC |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGavEQHPCqgC |id=QGavEQHPCqgC|page=119 |language= de |trans-title= Handbook on Low German Linguistics and Literature Studies |trans-chapter= The displacement of the Middle Low German by the New High German written language |date= 1983 |pages= 119–181 |location= Berlin |publisher= Erich Schmidt Verlag |isbn= 978-3-503-01645-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blank2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last= Blank |first= Angelika |title= Die Hanse – Bündnis mit Tradition |language= de |trans-title= The Hanseatic League – an alliance with tradition |date= 1 June 2008 |url= https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |publisher= wendland-net.de |access-date= 1 October 2021 |archive-date= 18 June 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220618120425/https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established = 1358
}}
The '''Hanseatic League''' (forby kent as the '''''Hanse''''' or '''''Hansa'''''; [[Middle Law German]]: ''Hanse'', ''Deutsche Hanse'', {{lang|la|Hansa Teutonica}} or {{lang|la|Liga Hanseatica}}) wis a commercial an defensive confederation o merchant [[guild]]s an thair mercat touns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |date=8 March 2019 |title=Hanseatic League |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hanseatic_League/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hanseatic League| ]]
[[Category:Northren Europe]]
[[Category:Umwhile monopolies]]
[[Category:Tred monopolies]]
[[Category:Early Modren Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Umwhile confederations]]
[[Category:Early Modren history o Germany]]
[[Category:Early Modren Netherlands]]
[[Category:Economic history o the Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:History o internaitional tred]]
[[Category:Free imperial ceeties|*Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Internaitional tred organisations]]
[[Category:Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Brandenburg-Proushie]]
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Guilds]]
[[Category:Late Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Northren Renaissance]]
[[Category:History o Proushie]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 1350s]]
[[Category:1358 establishments]]
[[Category:14t century in Europe]]
[[Category:15t century in Europe]]
[[Category:16t century in Europe]]
[[Category:Medieval Germany]]
[[Category:1350s establishments in Europe]]
{{stub/Germany}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927855</id>
      <parentid>927849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:17:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>927855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3268" sha1="6vd2nfhcywmtgrd0fguemyhfw6f5vuq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organisation
|name = Hanseatic League
|native_name = ''Hanse''&lt;br /&gt;''Hansa''
|image_map = Ausbreitung der Hanse um das Jahr 1400-Droysens 28.jpg
|map_width = 300px
|map_caption = {{center|Northren Europe in the 1400s, shawin the extent o the Hanseatic League (Hanse or Hansa)}}
|membership_type = Membership
|admin_center_type = Caipital
|admin_center = [[Free Ceety o Lübeck|Lübeck]]
|languages_type = [[Lingua franca]]
|languages = [[Middle Law German]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cordes1983&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author-last= Gabrielsson |author-first1= Artur |editor-last1= Cordes |editor-first1= Gerhard |editor-last2= Möhn |editor-first2= Dieter |title= Handbuch zur niederdeutschen Sprach – und Literaturwissenschaft |chapter= Die Verdrängung der mittelniederdeutschen durch die neuhochdeutsche Schriftsprache |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGavEQHPCqgC |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGavEQHPCqgC&amp;pg=PA119 |language=de |trans-title= Handbook on Low German Linguistics and Literature Studies |trans-chapter= The displacement of the Middle Low German by the New High German written language |date= 1983 |pages= 119–181 |location= Berlin |publisher= Erich Schmidt Verlag |isbn= 978-3-503-01645-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Blank2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last= Blank |first= Angelika |title= Die Hanse – Bündnis mit Tradition |language= de |trans-title= The Hanseatic League – an alliance with tradition |date= 1 June 2008 |url= https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |publisher= wendland-net.de |access-date= 1 October 2021 |archive-date= 18 June 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220618120425/https://wendland-net.de/post/hanse-buendnis-geschichte |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|established = 1358
}}
The '''Hanseatic League''' (forby kent as the '''''Hanse''''' or '''''Hansa'''''; [[Middle Law German]]: ''Hanse'', ''Deutsche Hanse'', {{lang|la|Hansa Teutonica}} or {{lang|la|Liga Hanseatica}}) wis a commercial an defensive confederation o merchant [[guild]]s an thair mercat touns.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |date=8 March 2019 |title=Hanseatic League |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hanseatic_League/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hanseatic League| ]]
[[Category:Northren Europe]]
[[Category:Umwhile monopolies]]
[[Category:Tred monopolies]]
[[Category:Early Modren Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Umwhile confederations]]
[[Category:Early Modren history o Germany]]
[[Category:Early Modren Netherlands]]
[[Category:Economic history o the Haly Roman Empire]]
[[Category:History o internaitional tred]]
[[Category:Free imperial ceeties|*Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Internaitional tred organisations]]
[[Category:Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Brandenburg-Proushie]]
[[Category:Gotland]]
[[Category:Guilds]]
[[Category:Late Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Northren Renaissance]]
[[Category:History o Proushie]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 1350s]]
[[Category:1358 establishments]]
[[Category:14t century in Europe]]
[[Category:15t century in Europe]]
[[Category:16t century in Europe]]
[[Category:Medieval Germany]]
[[Category:1350s establishments in Europe]]
{{stub/Germany}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gas turbine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>194814</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927856</id>
      <parentid>897335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:17:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1638" sha1="2x747q0l5mkrzmwiddd9bdkrrca9yjn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gas_turbine_applications_(numbered).svg|thumb|482x482px|Examples o gas turbine configurations: (1) turbojet, (2) turboprop, (3) turboshaft (electric generator), (4) heich-bypass turbofan, (5) law-bypass afterburning turbofan]]
A '''gas turbine''', cried a '''combustion turbine''' an aw, is a kind o [[Internal combustion ingine|continuous combustion]], [[internal combustion ingine]].

The basic operation o the gas turbine is the Brayton cycle wi air as the wirkin fluid. Fresh atmospheric air flowes throu the compressor that brings it tae heicher pressure. Fuel is then sprayed intae the air, an ignited, sae the combustion generates a heich-temperature flowe. This heich-temperature heich-pressure gas enters a [[turbine]], whaur it expands doun tae the exhaust pressure. The turbine drives a shaft that drives the compressor an the load, sic as an [[electric generator]]. In jet ingines, the energy that isnae uised tae drive the compressor produces thrust tae pouer the aircraft forritwarts. The fowert step o the Brayton cycle (coolin o the wirkin fluid) is left oot, as gas turbines is appen systems that dinnae uise the same air again.

Gas turbines are uised tae pouer aircraft, trains, ships, electric generators, pumps, gas compressors an tanks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sonntag |first1=Richard Edwin |last2=Borgnakke |first2=C. |title=Introduction to engineering thermodynamics |year=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoen0000sonn_h3n5 |publisher=John Wiley |location=Hoboken, NJ |isbn=9780471737599 |edition=2nd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ingines]]
[[Category:Turbines]]
{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Schindler's List</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>196705</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927853</id>
      <parentid>852230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:16:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4891" sha1="elz93kugd0mmdwmwb6pnza1vukojdqs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name           = Schindler's List
| image          = Schindler's List movie.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Steven Spielberg]]
| producer       = {{Plainlist|
* Steven Spielberg
* [[Gerald R. Molen]]
* [[Branko Lustig]]
}}
| screenplay     = [[Steven Zaillian]]
| based on       = {{Based on|''[[Schindler's Ark]]''&lt;br /&gt;1982 novelle|[[Thomas Keneally]]}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Liam Neeson]]
* [[Ben Kingsley]]
* [[Ralph Fiennes]]
* [[Caroline Goodall]]
* [[Jonathan Sagall]]
* [[Embeth Davidtz]]
}}
| music          = [[John Williams]]
| cinematography = [[Janusz Kamiński]]
| editing        = [[Michael Kahn (film eeditor)|Michael Kahn]]
| studio         = [[Amblin Entertainment]]
| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]]
| released       = {{Film date|1993|11|30|[[Washington, D.C.]]|1993|12|15|Unitit States}}
| runtime        = 195 meenits{{sfn|British Film Board}}
| country        = Unitit States
| language       = Inglis
| budget         = $22 million{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=416}}
| gross          = $321.2 million{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=435}}
}}
'''''Schindler's List''''' is a 1993 American [[historical period drama]] film directit an co-producit bi [[Steven Spielberg]] an written bi [[Steven Zaillian]]. It is based on the novelle ''[[Schindler's Ark]]'' bi [[Australie|Australian]] novelist [[Thomas Keneally]].{{sfn|McBride|1997|p=424}} The film follaes [[Oskar Schindler]], a [[Sudeten German]] businessman, that saufit the lifes o mair nor a thoosand maistly [[History o the Jews in Poland|Pols-Jewish]] refugees frae [[the Holocaust]] bi employin them in his factories in [[Warld War II]]. It starns [[Liam Neeson]] as Schindler, [[Ralph Fiennes]] as [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] officer [[Amon Göth]], an [[Ben Kingsley]] as Schindler's Jewish accoontant [[Itzhak Stern]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

;Soorces
* {{cite web | title = Schindler's List | url = http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/schindlers-list-1970-3 | publisher = British Board of Film Classification | ref = {{sfnRef|British Film Board}} | access-date = 2018-05-02 | archive-date = 2017-10-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044806/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/schindlers-list-1970-3 | url-status = dead }}
* {{cite book | last = McBride | first = Joseph | authorlink = Joseph McBride (writer) | title = Steven Spielberg: A Biography | url = https://archive.org/details/stevenspielbergb00mcbr | year = 1997 | publisher = Simon &amp; Schuster | location = New York | isbn = 0-684-81167-7 | ref = harv}}
{{Stub/Fillum}}

[[Category:1990s biografical films]]
[[Category:1990s drama films]]
[[Category:1990s war films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Amblin Entertainment films]]
[[Category:American biografical films]]
[[Category:American black-an-white films]]
[[Category:American drama films]]
[[Category:American epic films]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:American war drama films]]
[[Category:Amon Göth]]
[[Category:Best Drama Pictur Gowden Globe winners]]
[[Category:Best Film BAFTA Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Best Pictur Academy Awaird winners]]
[[Category:Drama films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid films]]
[[Category:Epic films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Films aboot Jews an Judaism]]
[[Category:Films based on Australian novelles]]
[[Category:Films directit bi Steven Spielberg]]
[[Category:Films pairtially in colour]]
[[Category:Films produced bi Gerald R. Molen]]
[[Category:Films produced bi Steven Spielberg]]
[[Category:Films scored bi John Williams]]
[[Category:Films set in Germany]]
[[Category:Films set in Kraków]]
[[Category:Films set in Poland]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1940s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Israel]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kraków]]
[[Category:Films shot in Poland]]
[[Category:Films that wan the Best Oreeginal Score Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's airt director wan the Best Airt Direction Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's cinematografer wan the Best Cinematografie Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's director wan the Best Directin Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's director wan the Best Direction BAFTA Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's director wan the Best Director Gowden Globe]]
[[Category:Films that's eeditor wan the Best Film Eeditin Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's writer wan the Best Adaptit Screenplay Academy Awaird]]
[[Category:Films that's writer wan the Best Adaptit Screenplay BAFTA Awaird]]
[[Category:Holocaust films]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Oskar Schindler]]
[[Category:Rescue o Jews in the Holocaust]]
[[Category:Screenplays bi Steven Zaillian]]
[[Category:Unitit States Naitional Film Registry films]]
[[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
[[Category:War epic films]]
[[Category:Warld War II films based on actual events]]</text>
      <sha1>elz93kugd0mmdwmwb6pnza1vukojdqs</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The One Show</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>197167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927748</id>
      <parentid>788977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{unsoorced}}, addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927748</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1852" sha1="tbt7k2sgbmx6opvh4uzxf6btykirpa7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
|show_name             = The One Show
|image                 = Theoneshow.jpg
|caption               = The show's current teetle caird
|genre                 = {{Plainlist|
* [[News magazine]]
* [[Talk shaw|Chat shaw]]
* [[Enterteenment]]
}}
|country               = [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|language              = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|runtime               = 30-60 meenits
|company               = [[BBC]] an independent companies athort the Unitit Kinrick
|editor                = Sandy Smith
|distributor           = [[BBC One]]
|num_episodes          = 2,477 &lt;small&gt;(as o 6 Apryle 2018)&lt;/small&gt;
|network               = [[BBC One]] (2006–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC One#Heich-defineetion|BBC One HD]] (2010–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC HD]] (2010)
|picture_format        = [[1080i]] ([[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]]) (2010–)&lt;br /&gt;[[576i]] ([[Staundart-defineetion televeesion|SDTV]]) (2006–10)
|presenter             = [[Matt Baker (presenter)|Matt Baker]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alex Jones (Welsh presenter)|Alex Jones]]&lt;br /&gt;([[The One Show#On air team|See full leet]])
|location              = Studio V, [[Broadcasting House]] (2014–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC Media Village]] (2007–13)&lt;br /&gt;[[The Mailbox]] (2006)
|first_aired           = {{Start date|2006|8|14|df=y}}
|last_aired            = present
|website               = http://www.bbc.co.uk/theoneshow
|website_title         = ''The One Show''
}}{{Unsoorced}}

'''''The One Show'''''  is a Breetish telly magazine an [[Talk shaw|chat shaw]] programme.
{{Tv-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:One Show, The}}
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2006 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:BBC Birmingham productions]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion documentaries]]</text>
      <sha1>tbt7k2sgbmx6opvh4uzxf6btykirpa7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927817</id>
      <parentid>927748</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:58:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1853" sha1="276cgmxjy7o30cdfvppinrbpv1fu2fh" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}
{{Infobox televeesion
|show_name             = The One Show
|image                 = Theoneshow.jpg
|caption               = The show's current teetle caird
|genre                 = {{Plainlist|
* [[News magazine]]
* [[Talk shaw|Chat shaw]]
* [[Enterteenment]]
}}
|country               = [[Unitit Kinrick]]
|language              = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]
|runtime               = 30-60 meenit
|company               = [[BBC]] an independent companies athort the Unitit Kinrick
|editor                = Sandy Smith
|distributor           = [[BBC One]]
|num_episodes          = 2,477 &lt;small&gt;(as o 6 Apryle 2018)&lt;/small&gt;
|network               = [[BBC One]] (2006–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC One#Heich-defineetion|BBC One HD]] (2010–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC HD]] (2010)
|picture_format        = [[1080i]] ([[Heich-defineetion televeesion|HDTV]]) (2010–)&lt;br /&gt;[[576i]] ([[Staundart-defineetion televeesion|SDTV]]) (2006–10)
|presenter             = [[Matt Baker (presenter)|Matt Baker]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alex Jones (Welsh presenter)|Alex Jones]]&lt;br /&gt;([[The One Show#On air team|See full leet]])
|location              = Studio V, [[Broadcasting House]] (2014–)&lt;br /&gt;[[BBC Media Village]] (2007–13)&lt;br /&gt;[[The Mailbox]] (2006)
|first_aired           = {{Start date|2006|8|14|df=y}}
|last_aired            = present
|website               = http://www.bbc.co.uk/theoneshow
|website_title         = ''The One Show''
}}

'''''The One Show'''''  is a Breetish telly magazine an [[Talk shaw|chat shaw]] programme.
{{Tv-stub}}{{DEFAULTSORT:One Show, The}}
[[Category:2000s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2010s Breetish televeesion series]]
[[Category:2006 Breetish televeesion programme debuts]]
[[Category:BBC Birmingham productions]]
[[Category:BBC Television programmes]]
[[Category:Inglis-leid televeesion programmes]]
[[Category:BBC televeesion documentaries]]</text>
      <sha1>276cgmxjy7o30cdfvppinrbpv1fu2fh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pape Innocent III</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>201362</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927747</id>
      <parentid>872634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:30:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{unsoorced}}, addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927747</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1576" sha1="90799k7pm2ticarm5hjr8xq518hqrmu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Christian leader 
| type=Pape| honorific-prefix=Pape
| name=Innocent III
| image=Innozenz3.jpg
| image_size=220px
| birth_name=Lotario de' Conti di Segni
| term_start=8 Januar 1198
| term_end=16 Julie 1216
| birth_place= [[Gavignano]], [[Papal States]]
| birth_date=1160 or 1161
| predecessor=[[Celestine III]]
| successor=[[Honorius III]]
| ordination=21 Februar 1198
| consecration=22 Februar 1198
| cardinal=September 1190
| created_cardinal_by=[[Clement III]]
| death_date=16 Julie 1216 (aged 55–56)
| death_place=[[Perugia]], [[Papal States]]
| other=Innocent
}}{{Unsoorced}}
'''Pape Innocent III''' ({{lang-la|Innocentius III}}; 1160 or 1161 – 16 Julie 1216), born  '''Lotario dei Conti di Segni''' (anglicised as Lothar o [[Conti di Segni|Segni]]) ringed frae 8 Januar 1198 tae his daith in 1216.
{{Stub/Releegion}}{{Papes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Innocent 03}}
[[Category:1160s births]]
[[Category:1216 daiths]]
[[Category:Fowk frae the Province o Roum]]
[[Category:Italian papes]]
[[Category:Cairdinal-neffaes]]
[[Category:Christians o the Livonian Crusade]]
[[Category:Christians o the Fowert Crusade]]
[[Category:Fowk o the Albigensian Crusade]]
[[Category:Christians o the Fift Crusade]]
[[Category:12t-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:13t-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:12t-century Laitin writers]]
[[Category:12t-century Italian fowk]]
[[Category:13t-century Italian fowk]]
[[Category:Apocalypticists]]
[[Category:Papes]]
[[Category:Trinitarians]]
[[Category:12t-century papes]]
[[Category:13t-century papes]]</text>
      <sha1>90799k7pm2ticarm5hjr8xq518hqrmu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ninja (streamer)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>201671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927789</id>
      <parentid>902435</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T14:40:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927789</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2122" sha1="gtkkykvg8uo38lmk7syucrhbhk2r6qt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Twitch streamer
| name                 = Ninja
| image                = Krystalogy, Jess, Ninja, and Typical Gamer relaxing in the State Farm Gamerhood (52899874282) (cropped) 3.jpg
| caption              = Richard Blevins in 2023
| birth_name           = Richard Tyler Blevins
| birth_date           = {{birth date and age|1991|6|5}}
| birth_place          = [[Taylor, Michigan|Taylor]], [[Michigan]], [[Unitit States]]
| nationality          = [[Unitit States|American]], o [[Wales|Welsh]]&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s12qaVEyW14&lt;/ref&gt; strynd.
| occupation           = {{Flatlist|
*Twitch streamer
*Professional gamer
*YouTuber
}}
| pseudonym            = NinjasHyper
| channel_name         = Ninja
| genre                = Gemmin
| games                = {{Flatlist|
* ''[[Fortnite]]''
* ''[[PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds]]''
* ''[[H1Z1]]''
* ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]''
}}
| teams                = [[Cloud9]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Renegades (eSports)|Renegades]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Team Liquid]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Luminosity Gaming]]
| followers            = 10+ million
| views                = 260+ million
| stats_update         = 2 August 2018
}}
'''Richard Tyler Blevins'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ninja/status/286596315171938304?lang=en|title=Ninja on Twitter|publisher=|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; (born 5 Juin 1991), mair commonly kent bi his online alias '''Ninja''' or '''NinjasHyper''', is an American [[Twitch]] [[online streamin|live streamer]] an [[Internet celebrity|Internet personality]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Longmire |first=Becca |date=March 27, 2024|title=Ninja, Twitch's Top Video Game Streamer, Reveals He Has Been Diagnosed with Skin Cancer at 32 |url=https://people.com/youtuber-ninja-skin-cancer-diagnosis-melanoma-8620920 |access-date=June 1, 2024|website=[[Peoplemag]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ninja}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:American eSports players]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Twitch streamers]]
[[Category:YouTube Diamond Play Button recipients]]
[[Category:YouTubers]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Grayslake, Illinois]]
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>gtkkykvg8uo38lmk7syucrhbhk2r6qt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thompson submachine gun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>201713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927833</id>
      <parentid>799769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:08:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927833</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4722" sha1="prgivlvuzd5lq3ahsr8slg17v6a3f50" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox weapon
|name = Thompson Submachine Gun, Caliber .45
| image = Campbell Thompson.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption = Thompson wi [[foreairm (fireairm component)|foreairm]] grip an drum magazine
|origin = Unitit States
|type = [[Submachine gun]]
|is_ranged = yes
|service = 1938–1971 (offeecially, U.S. militar)
1938–present (ither kintras)
|wars = {{plainlist|
*[[Chaco War]]
*[[Banana Wars]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sandinorebellion.com/PCDocs/1928a/PC280104b-Brown.html |title=The Sandino Rebellion, 1927-1934 |publisher=Sandinorebellion.com |date= |accessdate=2011-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Erse Ceevil War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hart, p. 187–188&quot;&gt;Hart, p. 187–188&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Warld War II]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bishop1998&quot;/&gt;
*[[Indonesie Naitional Revolution]]
*[[Cheenese Ceevil War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;militaryfactory.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=66|title=M1 Thompson (Tommy Gun) - Submachine Gun - History, Specs and Pictures - Military, Security and Civilian Guns and Equipment|work=militaryfactory.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[First Indocheenae War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;militaryfactory.com&quot;/&gt;
*[[Greek Ceevil War]]&lt;ref&gt;Sazanidis, p.293-294&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Korean War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bishop1998&quot;&gt;Bishop, Chris. ''Guns in Combat''. Chartwell Books, Inc (1998). {{ISBN|0-7858-0844-2}}. {{page needed|date=December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Algerie War]]
*[[Vietnam War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;bishop1998&quot;/&gt;
*[[The Tribbles]]&lt;ref&gt;Hart, p. 191&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Bosnie War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;militaryfactory.com&quot;/&gt;
* an numerous ithers}}
|designer = [[John T. Thompson]]
|design_date = 1917–1920
|manufacturer = {{plainlist|
*[[Auto-Ordnance Company]] (originally)
*[[Birmingham Small Arms|The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited]]
*[[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]]
*[[Savage Arms]]
*RPB Industries}}
|production_date = 1921–1945
|number = Approximately 1.75 million o aw variants,{{sfn|Yenne|2009|p={{page needed|date=July 2018}}}} includin:{{plainlist|
* 562,511 M1928A1
* 285,480 M1
* 539,143 M1A1}}
|variants = See [[Thompson submachine gun#Variants|Variants section]]
|weight = {{plainlist|
*{{convert|10.8|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}} emptie (M1928A1)&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59&gt;{{cite book |last= War Department|first= |date= 1943-10-11|title= TM 9-2200 Small Arms, Light Field Mortars and 20-mm Aircraft Guns|url= https://archive.org/details/TM92200SmallArmsLightFieldMortarsAnd20mmAircraftGuns|location= |publisher= War Department|page= 59|isbn= |author-link= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{convert|10|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}} emptie (M1A1)}}&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_57&gt;{{cite book |last= War Department|first= |date= 1943-10-11|title= TM 9-2200 Small Arms, Light Field Mortars and 20-mm Aircraft Guns|url= https://archive.org/details/TM92200SmallArmsLightFieldMortarsAnd20mmAircraftGuns|location= |publisher= War Department|page= 57|isbn= |author-link= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|length = {{plainlist|
*{{convert|33.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} (M1928A1 wi compensator)&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt;
*{{convert|31.9|in|mm|abbr=on}} (M1/M1A1)&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_57/&gt;}}
|part_length = {{plainlist|
*{{convert|10.52|in|mm|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt;
*{{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}} (wi Cutts compensator)}}
|cartridge = [[.45 ACP]] (11.43×23mm)
|range = 150m&lt;ref&gt;http://world.guns.ru/smg/usa/thompson-e.html&lt;/ref&gt;
|velocity = {{convert|285|m/s|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}
|action = [[Blowback (airms)|Blowback]], [[Blish Lock]]
|rate = 600–725 rpm (M1928),&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt; 700-800 rpm (M1A1),&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_57/&gt; 1500 rpm (M1919)
|feed = {{plainlist|
*20-roond stick/box [[Magazine (fireairms)|magazine]] {{convert|0.4|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}} laidit&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt;
*30-roond stick/box [[Magazine (fireairms)|magazine]] {{convert|0.5|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}} laidit&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt;
*50-roond [[drum magazine]] {{convert|2.6|lb|kg|1|abbr=on}} laidit&lt;ref name = TM9_2200_59/&gt;
*100-roond [[drum magazine]]}}
(M1 an M1A1 models dae nae accept drum magazines)
}}
The '''Thompson submachine gun''' is an American [[submachine gun]], inventit bi [[John T. Thompson]] in 1918, that becam infamous in the [[Prohibeetion in the Unitit States|Prohibeetion]] era, becomin a signature wappen o various organised crime syndicates in the Unitit States.{{sfn|Bearse|1994|p=210}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last=Bearse |first=Ray |chapter=The Thompson Submachine Gun: Weapon of War and Peace |editor-last=Murtz |editor-first=Harold A. |title=Gun Digest Treasury |publisher=DBI Books |edition=7th |year=1994 |isbn=978-0873491563}}

[[Category:Submachine guns]]
[[Category:Wappens an ammuneetion introduced in 1919]]
[[Category:Polis wappens]]
[[Category:Fireairms o the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Fireairms o Warld War II]]
[[Category:Blowback-operatit fireairms]]
{{Stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>FN SCAR</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>201767</id>
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      <parentid>887175</parentid>
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      <text bytes="6822" sha1="e0zkzhen64bd560qyu18kkkvzf4cz2s" xml:space="preserve">{{stub}}{{Infobox weapon
| name               = FN SCAR
| caption            =An FN SCAR
| type               = [[Assault rifle]] (SCAR-L)&lt;br /&gt;[[Battle rifle]] (SCAR-H)&lt;br /&gt;[[Designatit marksman rifle]] (SCAR-SV)&lt;br /&gt;[[Personal defence wappen]] (SCAR PDW)&lt;br /&gt;[[Squad Automatic Wappen]] (HAMR)

| service            = 2009–present
| wars               = [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)|War in Afghanistan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dhnet.be/infos/belgique/article/322568/une-arme-liegeoise-en-afghanistan.html|title=Une arme liégeoise en Afghanistan|publisher=Dhnet.be|date=23 August 2010|access-date=19 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Iraq War]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ArmyTimes200905&quot;&gt;[http://www.armytimes.com/article/20090511/NEWS/905110317/75th-Rangers-will-take-SCAR-to-war 75th Rangers will take SCAR to War], Matthew Cox, [[Army Times]], 12 Mey 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Central African Republic Ceevil War (2012–present)|Central African Republic conflict]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/centrafrique-francois-hollande-est-pris-entre-deux-feux-7267|title=Centrafrique : François Hollande est pris entre deux feux|first=Pascal|last=Airault|access-date=15 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Yemeni Ceevil War (2015-present)]]&lt;br&gt;[[Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015-present)]]&lt;br&gt;[[Conflict in Najran, Jizan an Asir]]
| designer           = [[FN Herstal]]
| length             =
*{{cvt|787|mm|in|lk=on}} stock extendit, {{cvt|533|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-L CQC) &lt;ref name=&quot;cqc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/mk-16-series/mk-16-cqc/ |title=FN America - MK 16 CQC |publisher=FN America |access-date=2012-12-21 |archive-date=2013-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820233023/http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/mk-16-series/mk-16-cqc |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{cvt|889|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|635|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-L STD)
*{{cvt|990|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|736|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-L LB)
*{{cvt|889|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|635|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-H CQC)
*{{cvt|965|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|711|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-H STD)
*{{cvt|1067|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|813|mm|in}} stock fauldit (SCAR-H LB)&lt;ref name=&quot;scar-h long&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/mk-17-series/mk-17-lb/|title=FN America - MK 17 Long|publisher=FN America|access-date=2012-12-21|archive-date=2012-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226184335/http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/mk-17-series/mk-17-lb/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{cvt|632|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|521|mm|in}} stock collapsed (SCAR PDW)&lt;ref name=&quot;pdw&quot;/&gt;
*{{cvt|1080|mm|in}} stock extendit, {{cvt|1029|mm|in}} stock collapsed (Mk 20 SSR)&lt;ref name=&quot;mk 20&quot;/&gt;
| action             = [[Gas-operatit relaidin#Short-stroke piston|Short-stroke gas-operatit piston]],&lt;ref name=&quot;fnhusa.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.fnhusa.com/le/products/firearms/model.asp?gid=&amp;fid=fnf022&amp;mid=FNM0111] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628123121/http://www.fnhusa.com/le/products/firearms/model.asp?gid=&amp;fid=fnf022&amp;mid=FNM0111|date=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[rotating bolt]]
| image_size         = 300
| origin             = Belgium
| is_ranged          = Yes

| design_date        = 2004
| manufacturer       = [[FN Herstal]]
| production_date    = 2004–present

| weight             =
*{{cvt|3.04|kg|lb|lk=on}} (SCAR-L CQC)
*{{cvt|3.29|kg|lb}} (SCAR-L STD)
*{{cvt|3.49|kg|lb}} (SCAR-L LB)
*{{cvt|3.49|kg|lb}} (SCAR-H CQC)
*{{cvt|3.58|kg|lb}} (SCAR-H STD)
*{{cvt|3.72|kg|lb}} (SCAR-H LB)
*{{cvt|2.50|kg|lb}} (SCAR PDW)&lt;ref name=&quot;pdw&quot;/&gt;
*{{cvt|4.85|kg|lb}} (Mk 20 SSR)&lt;ref name=&quot;mk 20&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/sniper-systems/mk-20-ssr/|title=FN America - MK 20 SSR|publisher=FN America|access-date=2012-12-21|archive-date=2013-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122172332/http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/sniper-systems/mk-20-ssr/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| part_length        =
*{{cvt|254|mm|in}} (SCAR-L CQC)
*{{cvt|355|mm|in}} (SCAR-L STD)
*{{cvt|457|mm|in}} (SCAR-L LB)
*{{cvt|330|mm|in}} (SCAR-H CQC)
*{{cvt|400|mm|in}} (SCAR-H STD)
*{{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}} (SCAR-H LB)
*{{convert|171.45|mm|abbr=on}} (SCAR PDW)&lt;ref name=&quot;pdw&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/pdw/ |title=FN America - PDW |publisher=FN America |access-date=2012-12-21 |archive-date=2013-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716080501/http://www.fnhusa.com/l/products/military/scar-family/pdw/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{convert|508|mm|abbr=on}} (Mk 20 SSR)&lt;ref name=&quot;mk 20&quot;/&gt;

| cartridge          = [[5.56×45mm NATO]] (SCAR-L, SCAR PDW, SCAR-HAMR)&lt;br /&gt;[[7.62×51mm NATO]] (SCAR-H, Mk 20 SSR)
| rate               = SCAR-L, SCAR-H: 550–650 RPM&lt;br&gt;Mk 16: 625 RPM&lt;br&gt;Mk 17: 600 RPM
| velocity           =
* SCAR-L: {{cvt|2870|ft/s|m/s|lk=on}} (''M855''), {{cvt|2630|ft/s|m/s}} (''Mk 262'')
* SCAR-H: {{cvt|2342|ft/s|m/s}} (''M80'')
| range              =
* SCAR-L: {{cvt|300|m|yd|lk=on}} (CQC), {{cvt|500|m|yd}} (STD), {{cvt|600|m|yd}} (LB)
* SCAR-H: {{cvt|300|m|yd}} (CQC), {{cvt|600|m|yd}} (STD), {{cvt|800|m|yd}} (LB)
| feed               =
* SCAR-L: [[STANAG magazine|STANAG]] [[Magazine (fireairms)#Box|box magazine]]
* SCAR-H, SSR: 20-round box magazine
| sights             = [[Airn sichts]] an [[Picatinny rail]] for various [[Sicht (device)#Optical sichts|optical sichts]]
}}
The '''FN SCAR''' ([[Fabrique Nationale]] [[Special Operations Forces]] Combat Assault Rifle)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fnhusa.com/contents/News/PDFs/3-2-06_FN_SCAR_2.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701110329/http://www.fnhusa.com/contents/News/PDFs/3-2-06_FN_SCAR_2.pdf |archivedate=1 July 2006 |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=1 July 2006 |accessdate=19 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[gas-operatit]] ([[Gas-operatit relaidin#Short stroke|short-stroke gas piston]])&lt;ref name=&quot;fnhusa.com&quot;/&gt; sel-laidin rifle wi a [[rotatin bowt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;scarpdf2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fnhusa1.com/PDF/FN_MIL_SCAR.pdf|title=FN SCAR. The Next Generation of Assault Rifles|publisher=FN America|accessdate=24 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711014552/http://fnhusa1.com/PDF/FN_MIL_SCAR.pdf|archivedate=11 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fn Scar}}
[[Category:5.56 mm assault rifles]]
[[Category:7.62 mm fireairms]]
[[Category:7.62×39mm fireairms]]
[[Category:7.62×51mm NATO fireairms]]
[[Category:Battle rifles]]
[[Category:FN Herstal fireairms|SCAR]]
[[Category:Belgian inventions]]
[[Category:Designatit marksman rifles]]
[[Category:Wappens an ammuneetion introduced in 2009]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cirsium heterophyllum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>202740</id>
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      <text bytes="1609" sha1="dr2z2z1xczc7tzxr0y0u1jl3f3efq4t" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| image = Cirsium heterophyllum - villohakas.jpg
| image2 = Bombus pascuorum - Bombus bohemicus - Cirsium heterophyllum - Keila.jpg
| genus = Cirsium
| species = heterophyllum
| authority = (L.) Hill
| synonyms = {{collapsible list
|bullets = true
|title=&lt;small&gt;Synonymy&lt;/small&gt;
|''Carduus ambiguus'' &lt;small&gt;Pers.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Carduus autareticus'' &lt;small&gt;Vill.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Carduus helenifolius'' &lt;small&gt;Salisb.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Carduus heterophyllus'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Carduus polymorphus'' &lt;small&gt;Lapeyr.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cirsium autareticum'' &lt;small&gt;Mutel&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cirsium carolorum'' &lt;small&gt;C.Jenner ex Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cirsium hastatum'' &lt;small&gt;(Lam.) Thell. ex Schinz&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cirsium pauciflorum'' &lt;small&gt;W.D.J.Koch&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cnicus ambiguus'' &lt;small&gt;Loisel.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cnicus heterophyllus'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) Retz.&lt;/small&gt;
|''Cynara diversifolia'' &lt;small&gt;Stokes&lt;/small&gt;
}}}}
'''''Cirsium heterophyllum''''', kent as '''carle-doddie''' an aw, is an upricht, spineless thrissel in the [[Asteraceae|sunflower faimily]]. It is native tae [[Europe]] an wastren [[Aisie]], whaur it grows in upland meedows, grassland, road verges an open widland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=cirsium+heterophyllum Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo con foglie variabili, Melancholy Thistle, ''Cirsium heterophyllum'' (L.) Hill] includes photos and European distribution map&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1446001}}

[[Category:Cirsium|heterophyllum]]
[[Category:Flora o Europe]]
[[Category:Flora o Aisie]]
[[Category:Plants describit in 1753]]
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  <page>
    <title>Keeng Wu o Qin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>205509</id>
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      <text bytes="1361" sha1="i92yscaadmxjy8miuvkrj1bbutkb55z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ryalty
|name = Dang (蕩)
|family_name = Ying (嬴)
|given_name = Dang (蕩)
|title = Keeng Wu o Qin (秦武王)
|reign = 310–307 BC
|birth_date = 329 BC
|death_date = 307 BC (aged 21–22)
|father = Keeng Huiwen o Qin
|mother = Queen Huiwen
|spouse = Queen Daowu
}}
'''Keeng Wu o Qin''' ({{zh|c=秦武王}}; 329–307 BC) wis the ruler o the state o Qin frae 310 tae 307 BC, in the Warrin States period o Cheenese history.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Keightley |first=David N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-oxEBAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=King+%22Wu+of+Qin%22&amp;pg=PA262 |title=These Bones Shall Rise Again: Selected Writings on Early China |date=2014-08-13 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-4747-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ither nems for him are '''Keeng Daowulie o Qin''' (秦悼武烈王), '''Keeng Daowu o Qin''' (秦悼武王) an '''Keeng Wulie o Qin''' (秦武烈王). He deed young, efter tryin tae lift a hivy bronze cauldron in the Zhou palace at [[Luoyang]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|Hoose o Ying||||307 BC}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=Keeng Huiwen}}
{{s-ttl|title=Keeng o Qin|years=310–307 BC}}
{{s-aft|after=Keeng Zhaoxiang}}
{{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wu o Qin, Keeng}}
[[Category:320s BC births]]
[[Category:300s BC daiths]]
[[Category:4t-century BC Cheenese monarchs]]
[[Category:Rulers o Qin]]
{{stub/Cheenae}}
{{stub/Ryal}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akhal-Teke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>206403</id>
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      <id>927846</id>
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      <text bytes="1373" sha1="8w21htzel53vhd582v3q7vuypy5njwn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox horse
|name= Akhal-Teke&lt;br&gt;Ахал-Теке
|image=Dagat-Geli.jpg
|image_caption=Akhal-Teke
|features=Ridin horse bred for endurance; notit for 'metallic' coat o some individuals
|country= Turkmenistan
|group1= Akhal-Teke Association of America
|std1=http://www.akhal-teke.org/breed-standard.html
|group2=Internaitional Association o Akhal-Teke Breedin (MAAK)
|std2=http://www.maakcenter.org/ENG/BREED/grading.html
}}
The '''Akhal-Teke''' (frae [[Turkmen leid|Turkmen]] ''Ahalteke'', {{IPA-tk|axalˈteke|}}) is a [[horse breed]] frae [[Turkmenistan]], whaur they are a naitional emblem.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Permanent Mission of Turkmenistan to the United Nations, Country Facts|accessdate=June 12, 2007|url=http://un.cti.depaul.edu/public/Turkmenistan/1/English/|publisher=Un.cti.depaul.edu|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509063531/http://un.cti.depaul.edu/public/Turkmenistan/1/English/|archivedate=May 9, 2008}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509063531/http://un.cti.depaul.edu/public/Turkmenistan/1/English/ |date=2008-05-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Conservation Priority Breeds o the Livestock Conservancy]]
[[Category:Horse breeds]]
[[Category:Horse breeds originatin in Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Naitional seembols o Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Horse breeds originatin in Kazakhstan]]
{{Stub/Ainimal}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Garfish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>207460</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T16:11:48Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="2560" sha1="4dvfihc7gmo8u3x1s7lp8grju8v4oib" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox 
| name = Garfish
| image = Belone belone1.jpg
| image2 =Belone belone3.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Beloniformes]]
| familia = [[Belonidae]]
| genus = ''[[Belone]]''
| species = '''''B. belone '''''
| binomial = ''Belone belone''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1761)
| range_map = Belone belone mapa.svg
| range_map_caption = The range of the garfish
| synonyms = * ''Esox belone'' &lt;small&gt;[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1761&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone belone belone'' &lt;small&gt;([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1761)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone bellone'' &lt;small&gt;([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1761)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone longirostris'' &lt;small&gt;Schinz, 1822&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone acus'' &lt;small&gt;Risso, 1827&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone vulgaris'' &lt;small&gt;Fleming, 1828&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone rostrata'' &lt;small&gt;Faber, 1829&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemiramphus europaeus'' &lt;small&gt;Yarrell, 1837&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone gracilis'' &lt;small&gt;Lowe, 1839&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone belone gracilis'' &lt;small&gt;Lowe, 1839&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemiramphus balticus'' &lt;small&gt;Hohnbaum-Hornschuch, 1843&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemiramphus behnii'' &lt;small&gt;Hohnbaum-Hornschuch, 1843&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone vulgaris'' &lt;small&gt;[[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone undecimradiata'' &lt;small&gt;Budge, 1848&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Hemiramphus obtusus'' &lt;small&gt;Couch, 1848&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Macrognathus scolopax'' &lt;small&gt;Gronow, 1854&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone euxini'' &lt;small&gt;Günther, 1866&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone belone euxini'' &lt;small&gt;Günther, 1866&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone cornidii'' &lt;small&gt;Günther, 1866&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Belone linnei'' &lt;small&gt;Malm, 1877&lt;/small&gt;
}}
The '''garfish''' (''Belone belone''), or '''sea needle''', is a pelagic, oceanodromous needlefish foond in brackish an marine watters o the [[Atlantic Ocean]] an the [[Mediterranean]], [[Caribbean]], [[Black Sea|Black]], an [[Baltic Sea]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Garfish, Belone belone - Fishes - NatureGate|url=https://luontoportti.com/en/t/2061/garfish|access-date=2023-01-23|website=luontoportti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Näbbgädda (Belone belone) - Ystad-2021.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Garfish.]]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q643373}}

[[Category:Belone]]
[[Category:Fish o Europe]]
[[Category:Fish o the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Fish o the Black Sea]]
[[Category:Fish o the North Sea]]
[[Category:Fish o the Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:Fauna o Macaronesie]]
[[Category:Marine fauna o North Africae]]
[[Category:Fish descrived in 1761]]
[[Category:Taxa named bi Carl Linnaeus]]
{{Stub/Fish}}

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>White eel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>207555</id>
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      <parentid>906962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:18:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Monospaced</username>
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      <text bytes="2387" sha1="mcxbn7gwdeivem148xxxycchidtr8rb" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| name = White eel
| image = European conger.jpg
| image2 = Conger conger Gervais.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =&lt;ref name=IUCN&gt;{{IUCN2014.3|assessor=NatureServe |year=2013|id=194969|title=Conger conger|downloaded=15 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| taxon = Conger conger
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Conger conger map.png
| range_map_caption = The Range o the white eel
| synonyms = * ''Anguilla conger'' &lt;small&gt;(Linnaeus, 1758)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Anguilla obtusa'' &lt;small&gt;Swainson, 1839&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conger communis'' &lt;small&gt;Costa, 1844&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conger niger'' &lt;small&gt;(Risso, 1810)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conger rubescens'' &lt;small&gt;Ranzani, 1840&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conger verus'' &lt;small&gt;Risso, 1827&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Conger vulgaris'' &lt;small&gt;Yarrell, 1832&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus candidissimus'' &lt;small&gt;Costa, 1832&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus conger'' &lt;small&gt;(Linnaeus, 1758)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus gussoni'' &lt;small&gt;Cocco, 1829&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus inaequalis'' &lt;small&gt;Facciolà, 1883&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus lineatus'' &lt;small&gt;Bonnaterre, 1788&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus morrisii'' &lt;small&gt;Gmelin, 1789&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus pellucidus'' &lt;small&gt;(Couch, 1832)&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus spallanzani''  &lt;small&gt;Risso, 1810&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus stenops'' &lt;small&gt;Kaup, 1856&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Leptocephalus vitreus'' &lt;small&gt;Kölliker, 1853&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Muraena conger'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus, 1758&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Muraena nigra'' &lt;small&gt;Risso, 1810&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ophidium pellucidum'' &lt;small&gt;Couch, 1832&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Ophisoma obtusa'' &lt;small&gt;(Swainson, 1839)&lt;/small&gt;
}}
The '''white eel''' (''Conger conger'') is a species o [[eel]] o the [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Congridae]]. It is the lairgest eel in the warld an native tae the northeast Atlantic, includin the [[Mediterranean Sea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=126285 | title = Conger conger | publisher = WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species | access-date = 12 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q212552}}

[[Category:Conger]]
[[Category:Fish descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Fish o the Black Sea]]
[[Category:Fish o Europe]]
[[Category:Fish o the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Fish o the North Sea]]
[[Category:Marine fauna o North Africae]]
[[Category:Taxa named bi Carl Linnaeus]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Polharrow Burn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>208504</id>
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      <parentid>802876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:57:29Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1240" sha1="qnn1mdsqoica1l24cl7w6v1nxem3wlk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Polharrow Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1115800.jpg|thumb|The auld brig ower the Polharrow Burn]]
'''Polharrow Burn''' is a wee burn in [[Kirkcoubrieshire]], [[Gallowa]], [[Scotland]]. It rises in Loch Harrow an flows taewart [[St John's Toun o Dalry]] afore it jynes the [[Watter o Ken]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Polharrow Burn from The Gazetteer for Scotland |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst2945.html |accessdate=2 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its main tributaries are McAdam's Burn an Crummy Burn.

The burn gies its nem tae a Scottish country dance bi Hugh Foss, the wartime Bletchley Park cryptographer an deviser o country dances. The dance wis published in his ''Glendarroch Scottish Country Dance Collection'' in 1966. He published several volumes o thir dances frae his ain imprint, Glendarroch Press, named efter his hoose. In his retirement he bade at Glendarroch in St John's Toun o Dalry, an he deed in 1971.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.scottish-country-dancing-dictionary.com/dance-crib/polharrow-burn.html|publisher=Scottish Country Dancing Dictionary|access-date=2 September 2018|title=Polharrow Burn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers o Dumfries an Gallowa]]
{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Specht</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>209662</id>
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      <text bytes="1294" sha1="gxeimnmw7dzfoojdmdy8v9wbqph290c" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Picidae
| fossil_range = [[Late Oligocene]] tae present
| image = Woodpecker_20040529_151837_1c_cropped.JPG
| image_caption = [[Pileated woodpecker]]&lt;br/&gt;
{{audio|Woodpecker tapping.ogg|Tappin soond o a specht}}
| authority = [[William Elford Leach|Leach]], 1820
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfaimily|Subfaimilies]]
| subdivision =[[Jynginae]] – wrynecks&lt;br/&gt;
[[Nesoctitinae]] – Antillean piculet&lt;br/&gt;
[[Picinae]] – true spechts, includin sapsuckers&lt;br/&gt;
[[Picumninae]] – teepical piculets
}}
'''Spechts''' are pairt o the [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]] '''Picidae''', a group o [[near-passerine]] [[bird]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Family Picidae - Woodpeckers, Piculets, Wrynecks |last=Bouglouan |first=Nicole |work=oiseaux-birds.com |date= |access-date=2 December 2022 |url=https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/page-picidae-family.html |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130145157/https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/page-picidae-family.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q25439}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Spechts| 01]]
[[Category:Picidae|.]]
[[Category:Pici (taxon)]]
[[Category:Picinae|.]]
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Oligocene birds]]
{{Stub/Bird}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>River Ury</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>209886</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T12:50:32Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1120" sha1="micjusvzv8bkhfga4vvmgiqwu8ix4xd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The River Urie at Howford Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|The River Ury at Howford Bridge]]
The '''River Ury''' (or '''River Urie''') ({{lang-gd|Uaraidh / Ùraidh}}) is a sma river in the north-east o [[Scotland]], in the Garioch area o [[Aiberdeenshire]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=River Urie from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst2666.html|access-date=2023-01-23|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; It rises near Bennachie an rins for aboot 15 mile afore it meets the [[River Don]] at the sooth edge o [[Innerurie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fly&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Inverurie Burgh Fishings|url=https://www.fishingthefly.co.uk/inverurie-angling-association.html|work=Fishing the Fly. Aberdeenshire|access-date=26 January 2026|archive-date=23 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123233807/https://www.fishingthefly.co.uk/inverurie-angling-association.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{coord|57|19|N|2|30|W|display=title|region:GB_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers o Aiberdeenshire|Ury]]
{{Stub/Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Brochtoun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>212065</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927753</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:50:47Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1776" sha1="4he58eftiq7u0gbjj7we6wx0so4s8hq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
| country = Scotland
| static_image_name = Sanday Parish Church near Broughtown (geograph 1899006).jpg
| static_image_caption = Sanday Pairish Kirk, Brochtoun
| label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|59.255|-2.598|display=inline,title}}
| official_name = Broughtown
| scots_name = Brochtoun
| civil_parish = Cross an Burness
| unitary_scotland = [[Orkney]]
| lieutenancy_scotland = [[Orkney]]
| constituency_westminster = Orkney and Shetland
| constituency_scottish_parliament = Orkney
| post_town = ORKNEY
| postcode_district = KW17
| postcode_area = KW
| dial_code = 01856
| os_grid_reference = HY659410
}}
'''Brochtoun''' is a village on the island o [[Sanday, Orkney|Sanday]], in [[Orkney]], Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gazetteer of British Place Names|url=https://gazetteer.org.uk/place/Broughtown,_Orkney_6341|access-date=2025-05-29|website=gazetteer.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is in the pairish o Cross an Burness.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/pardetails70.html|title=Details of Parish of Cross and Burness|publisher=Gazetteer for Scotland|accessdate=1 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanday Airport is neist tae the east side o the village, an Kettletoft is tae the sooth. The B9068 road rins sooth tae north throu Brochtoun, an jines Kettletoft wi Scar. The B9070 road rins sooth-wast frae Brochtoun, then sooth past Braeswick, tae the Sanday ferry terminal at Spur Ness.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Broughtown}}
*[http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/192027/details/sanday+broughtown+cross+church/ Canmore - Sanday, Broughtown, Cross Church]

[[Category:Veelages in Orkney]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/The Orkneys}}
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Darymple</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>212127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927760</id>
      <parentid>801467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:54:47Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1091" sha1="gf1g2mixv3f8unrdao0kicei6plvpke" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Dalrymple Viaduct.JPG|400px|thumb|The Dalrymple Railway Viaduct, tae the north o the village]]
'''Darymple'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://d3lmsxlb5aor5x.cloudfront.net/library/document/Map_of_Scotland_in_Scots-Guide_and_gazetteer.pdf |title=Map of Scotland in Scots: Guide and gazetteer}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a wee village an pairish in [[East Ayrshire]], [[Scotland]]. It is in the [[River Doon|Doon Valley]], on the north bank o the River Doon. The population is 1,347.&lt;ref name=EAC&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.east-ayrshire.gov.uk/comser/my%20area/dalrymple.asp |title=Dalrymple |publisher=East Ayrshire Council |access-date=2008-06-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720041137/http://www.east-ayrshire.gov.uk/comser/my%20area/dalrymple.asp |archive-date=2008-07-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The nem comes frae Gaelic, an means &quot;flat field o the crookit pool or river&quot;.&lt;ref name=EAC/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|display=title|55|23|50.96|N|4|35|9.72|W|region:GB_type:city}}
[[Category:Veelages in East Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Greenloanin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>212155</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927761</id>
      <parentid>894706</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:55:49Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="1020" sha1="nsnec96nrpqku3su5e0a3awmpeawpu5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
 |country = Scotland
 |official_name= Greenloanin
 |os_grid_reference= NN835077
 |unitary_scotland=[[Perth an Kinross]]
 |constituency_westminster= Stirling and Strathallan
 |constituency_scottish_parliament= Perthshire Sooth an Kinross-shire
 |coordinates = {{coord|56.2474|-3.8816|display=inline,title}}
 |population= 141
 |population_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;GfS&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Greenloaning from The Gazetteer for Scotland |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/towns/towndetails1225.html |website=www.scottish-places.info |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 |post_town= Dunblane
 |postcode_area= FK
 |postcode_district= FK15
 |dial_code= 01786
 }}
'''Greenloanin''' is a clachan in [[Perth an Kinross]], [[Perthshire]], Scotland. It is aside the Allan Water, {{convert|1|mi|km|round=0.5|abbr=off}} sooth o Braco an {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} north o [[Dunblane]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GfS&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Veelages in Perth an Kinross]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bufo bufo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>219874</id>
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      <text bytes="3979" sha1="0g2iy36liuz5tk1gxds05djj3vbvlnp" xml:space="preserve">{{Speciesbox
| image = Bufo bufo sitting-Iric2006.jpg
| image_caption = [[Kampinos Forest]], [[Poland]][[File:Common Toad (Bufo bufo) (W BUFO BUFO R3 C2).ogg|thumb|left|Taid caws, recordit in Radnor, Wales]]
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{Cite journal | author = Agasyan, A. | author2 = Avisi, A. | author3 = Tuniyev, B. | author4 = Isailovic, J. C. | author5 = Lymberakis, P. | author6 = Andrén, C. | author7 = Cogalniceanu, D. | author8 = Wilkinson, J. | author9 = Ananjeva, N. | author10 = Üzüm, N. | display-authors = etal | title = ''Bufo bufo'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2009 | page = e.T54596A11159939 | date = 2009 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T54596A11159939.en }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genus = Bufo
| species = bufo
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms =
  {{collapsible list |
    {{plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
* ''Bufo (Bufo) bufo'' &lt;small&gt;Dubois and Bour, 2010&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo (Bufo) grediscola'' &lt;small&gt;Dubois an Bour, 2010&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo Roeselii'' &lt;small&gt;Daudin, 1802&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo Rouselei'' &lt;small&gt;Latreille, 1801&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo alpinus'' &lt;small&gt;Schinz, 1833&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo bufo bufo'' &lt;small&gt;Poche, 1912&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo bufo gredosicola'' &lt;small&gt;Müller and Hellmich, 1935&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo carbunculus'' &lt;small&gt;Bonaparte, 1835&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo cinereus'' var. ''hybridus'' &lt;small&gt;Koch, 1872&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo cinereus'' var. ''medius'' &lt;small&gt;Koch, 1872&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo cinereus'' var.'' minor'' &lt;small&gt;Koch, 1872&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo cinereus'' &lt;small&gt;Schneider, 1799&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo communis'' &lt;small&gt;Bruch, 1862&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo communis'' &lt;small&gt;Günther, 1859&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo commutatus'' &lt;small&gt;Steenstrup, 1846&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo ferruginosus'' &lt;small&gt;[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo minutus'' &lt;small&gt;Schinz, 1833&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo palmarum'' &lt;small&gt;Cuvier, 1829&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo rubeta'' var. ''robustior'' &lt;small&gt;Lataste, 1880&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo rubeta'' &lt;small&gt;Schneider, 1799&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo spelaeus'' &lt;small&gt;Rivière, 1886&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo tuberculosus'' &lt;small&gt;[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1826&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo ventricosus'' &lt;small&gt;Bonnaterre, 1789&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo ventricosus'' &lt;small&gt;Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo vinearum'' &lt;small&gt;Lesson, 1841&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo vulgaris cinereus'' &lt;small&gt;Lataste, 1880&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo vulgaris'' var. ''acutirostris'' &lt;small&gt;Lessona, 1877&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo vulgaris'' var. ''obtusirostris'' &lt;small&gt;Lessona, 1877&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Bufo vulgaris'' &lt;small&gt;Laurenti, 1768&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Pegaeus bufo'' &lt;small&gt;Gistel, 1868&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rana (Bufo) vulgaris'' &lt;small&gt;Guérin-Méneville, 1838&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Rana Bufo'' &lt;small&gt;Linnaeus, 1758&lt;/small&gt;
    }}
  }}
| synonyms_ref = &lt;ref name=DFrost&gt;{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/ |title=Bufonidae |author=Frost, Darrel R. |date=2011-01-31 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.5 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=2012-08-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| range_map = Bufo bufo distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Range map o ''Bufo bufo''
}}
'''''Bufo bufo''''' (frae [[Laitin]] ''bufo'' &quot;taid&quot;), for ordinar cried a '''taid''' or '''puddock''', is an [[amphibian]] that bides in a muckle feck o Europe (wi the exception o [[Ireland]], [[Iceland]], an some [[Leet o islands in the Mediterranean|Mediterranean islands]]), in the wastren pairt o [[North Aisie]], an in a smaw portion o [[Northwast Africae]].&lt;ref name=Collins&gt;{{cite book |title=Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe |last=Arnold |first=Nicholas |author2=Denys Ovenden |year=2002 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn=978-0-00-219964-3 |pages=73–74 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q146375}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Amphibians o Europe]]
[[Category:Amphibians descrived in 1758]]
[[Category:Bufo]]
{{stub/Amphibian}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shieldaig</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>220565</id>
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      <text bytes="3248" sha1="ht3qgxfh8jd5xzz78cqnf9hfgmlns8c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UK place
| static_image_name = Shieldaig north.jpg
| static_image_caption = Shieldaig, luikin north alang the sea front
| country = Scotland
| official_name = Shieldaig
| gaelic_name = Sìldeag
| scots_name = Shieldaig
| os_grid_reference = NG815539
| map_type = Scotland Highland
| coordinates = {{coord|57.521|-5.651|display=inline,title}}
| civil_parish = [[Aibercrossan|Applecross]]
| unitary_scotland = [[Hieland (cooncil area)|Hieland]]
| lieutenancy_scotland = Ross an Cromarty
| constituency_westminster = Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire
| constituency_scottish_parliament = Caithness, Sutherland and Ross
| post_town = Strathcarron
| postcode_district = IV54
| postcode_area = IV
| dial_code = 01520
}}
'''Shieldaig''' ({{lang-gd|Sìldeag}}; {{lang-non|síld-vík|lit=[[herrin]] bay}})&lt;ref name=Watson&gt;W. J. Watson, [https://archive.org/details/placenamesofross00watsuoft ''Place-names of Ross and Cromarty''], 1904, p.&amp;nbsp;208.&lt;/ref&gt; is a village in Wester Ross, in the Northwast Hielands, in the [[Scotland|Scots]] cooncil area o [[Hieland (cooncil area)|Hieland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gittings |first1=Bruce |last2=Munro |first2=David |title=Shieldaig, Highland |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst1795.html |website=The Gazetteer for Scotland |publisher=School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh and The Royal Scottish Geographical Society |accessdate=7 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Geographie an history==
The village wis foondit in 1800&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/shieldaig/shieldaig/index.html Shieldaig] Undiscovered Scotland&lt;/ref&gt; tae train up seamen for the war against [[Napoleon]]. Efter his first defeat an his exile tae Elba, the community fand a new role as a fishin village. The tall pines on the sma island close aff the shore were never cut doun tae rig warships, an the island is nou a nature sanctuary.

The nem o the village comes frae the [[Auld Norse]] ''síld-vík'', meanin &quot;herrin bay&quot;.&lt;ref name=Watson/&gt;

Shieldaig is a community o aboot 85 fowk,&lt;ref name=&quot;git&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.stevecarter.com/ansh/ansh2.htm| title=Torridon &amp; Shieldaig| publisher=Steve Carter| accessdate=23 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; wi its ain schuil, a sma pub, a village ha, a kirk an twa restaurants. Mony fowk come tae Shieldaig on holiday, for the fishin, tae tour the North Coast 500, or tae explore the [[Torridon|Torridon Hills]], a few mile roond the coast.

Shieldaig hauds a community fête on the second weekend o August.

==Eddication==
Shieldaig is in the catchment area o Gairloch High School.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.highland.gov.uk/directory_record/1463964/gairloch_high_school/category/542/secondary|title=Schools - Gairloch High School|publisher=The Highland Council|access-date=2023-10-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Anither Shieldaig==
{{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=off|0}} tae the north there is anither Shieldaig, a sma settlement on the sooth shore o Loch Gairloch.&lt;ref name=&quot;git&quot;/&gt;

{{Wide image|Shieldaig.jpg|1200px|Shieldaig frae abuin}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category-inline|Shieldaig, Torridon|Shieldaig}}

[[Category:Populatit places in Ross an Cromarty]]
[[Category:Torridon]]
[[Category:Places o Scotland]]
{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>French-Azerbaijani University</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>220951</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927860</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:18:18Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
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      <text bytes="2922" sha1="9t7t4p1nfmnnf9t72dvinx1w21qxhn6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
|name           = French-Azerbaijani Varsity&lt;br&gt;Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti&lt;br&gt;L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise
|motto          = 
|mottoeng       = 
|image          = UFAZ.jpg
|caption        = UFAZ buildin at Nizami Street
|established    = [[2016]]
|calendar       = 
|type           = Joint programme
|endowment      = 
|budget         = 
|staff          = 
|faculty        = 
|professors = 70
|rector         = Vazeh Əsgərov
|students       = 538 
|undergrad      = 
|postgrad       = 
|city           = [[Baku]] 1000
|country        = [[Azerbaijan]]
|address = 183 Nizami küçəsi
|coor = {{coord|40|22|15|N|49|48|45|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|campus         = [[Urban aurie|Urban]]
|former_names   =
|colors         = 
|nickname       = 
|mascot         = 
|affiliations   = 
|website        = [http://www.ufaz.az/ www.ufaz.az]
|logo           = 
}}
 
The '''French-Azerbaijani University''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti}}, {{lang-fr|L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise}}, ''UFAZ'') is a joint [[technical university]] specializit i [[ingineerin]] locatit in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://president.az/articles/14920 |title=Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubu imzalanıb |website=President.az |language=az|date=15 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

It wis creatit i [[2016]] on the initiative o the [[Preses o Azerbaijan]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] an the [[Preses o Fraunce]] [[François Hollande]] as a joint project lit bi the [[University o Strasbourg]] an the [[Azerbaijan State Ile an Industrie University]] (ASIIU).&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |title=&quot;Azərbaycan Respublikasının təhsil naziri ilə Fransa Respublikasının milli təhsil, ali təhsil və tədqiqat naziri arasında Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubunun təsdiq edilməsi haqqında&quot; Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin 22 may 2015-ci il tarixli, 1242 nömrəli Sərəncamı |website=E-qanun.az |language=az |date=22 Mey 2015 |access-date=2020-06-28 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621080644/http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The university haes 70 [[professor]] an aroond 538 [[student]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|title=Core Faculty|website=Ufaz.az|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04|archive-date=2020-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819123318/https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins == 
{{Commonscat|French-Azerbaijani University|French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
* {{official website|https://www.ufaz.az}} {{az icon}} {{fr icon}} {{en icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
[[Category:Varsities in Baku]]
[[Category:2016 establishments]]</text>
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        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>927865</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2639" sha1="igjnbmsqk5lt4mmdnz684k7tk5ueuxm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
|name           = French-Azerbaijani University&lt;br&gt;Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti&lt;br&gt;L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise
|image          = UFAZ.jpg
|caption        = UFAZ biggin at Nizami Street
|established    = [[2016]]
|type           = Joint programme
|professors = 70
|rector         = Vazeh Əsgərov
|students       = 538 
|city           = [[Baku]] 1000
|country        = [[Azerbaijan]]
|address = 183 Nizami küçəsi
|coor = {{coord|40|22|15|N|49|48|45|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|campus         = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|website        = [http://www.ufaz.az/ www.ufaz.az]
}}
 
The '''French-Azerbaijani University''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti}}, {{lang-fr|L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise}}, ''UFAZ'') is a joint [[technical university]] specializit i [[ingineerin]] locatit in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://president.az/articles/14920 |title=Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubu imzalanıb |website=President.az |language=az|date=15 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

It wis creatit i [[2016]] on the initiative o the [[Preses o Azerbaijan]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] an the [[Preses o Fraunce]] [[François Hollande]] as a joint project lit bi the [[University o Strasbourg]] an the [[Azerbaijan State Ile an Industrie University]] (ASIIU).&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |title=&quot;Azərbaycan Respublikasının təhsil naziri ilə Fransa Respublikasının milli təhsil, ali təhsil və tədqiqat naziri arasında Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubunun təsdiq edilməsi haqqında&quot; Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin 22 may 2015-ci il tarixli, 1242 nömrəli Sərəncamı |website=E-qanun.az |language=az |date=22 Mey 2015 |access-date=2020-06-28 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621080644/http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The university haes 70 [[professor]] an aroond 538 [[student]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|title=Core Faculty|website=Ufaz.az|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04|archive-date=2020-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819123318/https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins == 
{{Commonscat|French-Azerbaijani University|French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
* {{official website|https://www.ufaz.az}} {{az icon}} {{fr icon}} {{en icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
[[Category:Varsities in Baku]]
[[Category:2016 establishments]]</text>
      <sha1>igjnbmsqk5lt4mmdnz684k7tk5ueuxm</sha1>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:19:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[French-Azerbaijani Varsity]] til [[French-Azerbaijani University]]</comment>
      <origin>927865</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2639" sha1="igjnbmsqk5lt4mmdnz684k7tk5ueuxm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
|name           = French-Azerbaijani University&lt;br&gt;Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti&lt;br&gt;L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise
|image          = UFAZ.jpg
|caption        = UFAZ biggin at Nizami Street
|established    = [[2016]]
|type           = Joint programme
|professors = 70
|rector         = Vazeh Əsgərov
|students       = 538 
|city           = [[Baku]] 1000
|country        = [[Azerbaijan]]
|address = 183 Nizami küçəsi
|coor = {{coord|40|22|15|N|49|48|45|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|campus         = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|website        = [http://www.ufaz.az/ www.ufaz.az]
}}
 
The '''French-Azerbaijani University''' ({{lang-az|Azərbaycan-Fransız Universiteti}}, {{lang-fr|L'Université franco-azerbaïdjanaise}}, ''UFAZ'') is a joint [[technical university]] specializit i [[ingineerin]] locatit in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://president.az/articles/14920 |title=Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubu imzalanıb |website=President.az |language=az|date=15 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

It wis creatit i [[2016]] on the initiative o the [[Preses o Azerbaijan]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] an the [[Preses o Fraunce]] [[François Hollande]] as a joint project lit bi the [[University o Strasbourg]] an the [[Azerbaijan State Ile an Industrie University]] (ASIIU).&lt;ref name=&quot;president.az&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |title=&quot;Azərbaycan Respublikasının təhsil naziri ilə Fransa Respublikasının milli təhsil, ali təhsil və tədqiqat naziri arasında Azərbaycan-Fransız Universitetinə dair Niyyət Məktubunun təsdiq edilməsi haqqında&quot; Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin 22 may 2015-ci il tarixli, 1242 nömrəli Sərəncamı |website=E-qanun.az |language=az |date=22 Mey 2015 |access-date=2020-06-28 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621080644/http://e-qanun.az/framework/30049 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

The university haes 70 [[professor]] an aroond 538 [[student]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|title=Core Faculty|website=Ufaz.az|language=en|access-date=2020-04-04|archive-date=2020-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819123318/https://www.ufaz.az/en/ufaz-faculty/our-faculty/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Fremmit airtins == 
{{Commonscat|French-Azerbaijani University|French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
* {{official website|https://www.ufaz.az}} {{az icon}} {{fr icon}} {{en icon}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:French-Azerbaijani Varsity}}
[[Category:Varsities in Baku]]
[[Category:2016 establishments]]</text>
      <sha1>igjnbmsqk5lt4mmdnz684k7tk5ueuxm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Keio University</title>
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      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Keio Varsity]] til [[Keio University]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="5084" sha1="22uqzo70ndjycrpuz6b0v0pyh649lok" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name = Keio University
| native_name = 慶應義塾大学
| motto       = ''Calamus gladio fortior''
| mottoeng    = The pen is mightier than the sword
| type        = [[Research]]
| established = 1858
| founder     = Yukichi Fukuzawa 
| endowment   = N/A
| city        = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
| state       = Tokyo
| country     = Japan
| coor        = 
| faculty     = full time 2,604&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_ keio/data/faculty_and_staff.html |title=Number of faculty member |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| staff       = 2,722&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| students    = 33,825&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_keio/data/ kr7a430000000hm3-att/2011_daigaku.pdf |title=Degree Student Head Count: May 2011 |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad   = 28,931&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad    = 4,894&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| doctoral    = 1,234&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;excludin master course students as students in &quot;Doctorate (prior)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| other_students = 789&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| campus      = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| free_label  = Athletics
| free        = 39 varsity teams
| colors      = Blue {{color box|#06063D}} and {{color box|#D20007}} Red 
| nickname    = [[Unicorn]]s, etc.
| academic_affiliations = Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning&lt;br/&gt; Council on Business &amp; Society&lt;br/&gt; Washington University in St. Louis&lt;br/&gt;McDonnell International Scholars Academy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|title=McDonnell International Scholars Academy|access-date=2020-07-18|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930190203/https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| website    = [http://www.keio.ac.jp/index-en.html www.keio.ac.jp] (engl.)
}}

[[File:Old Keio University Library 3.jpg|240px]]

'''Keio [[Varsity]]''' is ane o the auldest varsities in [[Japan]]. It startit in [[Tokyo]] in 1858.

==Faculty &amp; Graduate Schools==
* [[Medicin]]&lt;ref&gt;Plotnikoff, G. A., &amp; Amano, T. (2007). A culturally appropriate, student-centered curriculum on medical professionalism. Successful innovations at Keio University in Tokyo. Minnesota medicine, 90(8), 42.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hasegawa, M., Tomioka, S., &amp; Kobayashi, Y. (1976). Clinical study of gram negative rods (GNR) septicemia at Keio University Hospital. In Chemotherapy (pp. 151-154). Springer, Boston, MA.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Yamashita, H., Dokiya, T., &amp; Hashimoto, S. (1986). Experience at Keio University Hospital for Cf-252 radiation therapy of tumors of the head and neck and other sites. Nucl. Sci. Appl, 2(3), 555-569.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Liu, M., Hase, K., Tsuji, T., Fujiwara, T., Yamada, S., Masakado, Y., &amp; Kimura, A. (2005). Clinical electromyography and electrodiagnosis course at Keio University Hospital—a 7-year experience. The Keio Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 193-196.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Pharmacology]]&lt;ref&gt;Fukushima, N. (2016). Activity and the Role of Keio University Pharmacy. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 136(5), 717-719.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Science]] &amp; [[Technology]] ([[Mathematics]], [[Pheesics]], [[Chemistrie]], etc.)
* [[Law]]
* [[Economics]]
==Notable alumni==
* [[Junichiro Koizumi]] (87t/88t/89t [[Prime meenister]])
* [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] (82nd/83rd Prime meenister)
* [[Yukari Yoshihara]] ([[Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]])
==Campus Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Keio University(mita) - Main gate.jpg|New South buildin on Mita Campus
File:三田演説館-慶應三田.jpg|Mita speech hoose on Mita Campus
File:中央道路銀杏並木-慶應日吉.jpg|Hiyoshi Campus
File:矢上台.jpg|Yagami Campus
File:Kitasato Memorial Medical Library.jpg|Kitasato Memorial Medical Library on Shinanomachi campus
File:3号館(芝共立).jpg|3rd Building on Shiba Kyoritsu campus
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==External links==
{{Commonscat|Keio University}}
*[http://www.keio.ac.jp/ Keio University website]
*[http://www.iab.keio.ac.jp/en/ Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061002141112/http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/index.html.en?style=hot Shonan Fujisawa Campus]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014023519/http://keio.edu/en/index.htm Keio Academy of New York]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060502010830/http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/ Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)]
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qg1KAAAAIAAJ|title=The Keiogijuku University: a brief account of its history, aims and equipment|publisher=Keio University |year=1912 }}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keio Varsity}}
[[Category:19t-century establishments]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges]]</text>
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| name = Keio University
| native_name = 慶應義塾大学
| motto       = ''Calamus gladio fortior''
| mottoeng    = The pen is mightier than the sword
| type        = [[Research]]
| established = 1858
| founder     = Yukichi Fukuzawa 
| endowment   = N/A
| city        = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
| state       = Tokyo
| country     = Japan
| coor        = 
| faculty     = full time 2,604&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_ keio/data/faculty_and_staff.html |title=Number of faculty member |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| staff       = 2,722&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| students    = 33,825&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_keio/data/ kr7a430000000hm3-att/2011_daigaku.pdf |title=Degree Student Head Count: May 2011 |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad   = 28,931&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad    = 4,894&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| doctoral    = 1,234&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;excludin master course students as students in &quot;Doctorate (prior)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| other_students = 789&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| campus      = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| free_label  = Athletics
| free        = 39 varsity teams
| colors      = Blue {{color box|#06063D}} and {{color box|#D20007}} Red 
| nickname    = [[Unicorn]]s, etc.
| academic_affiliations = Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning&lt;br/&gt; Council on Business &amp; Society&lt;br/&gt; Washington University in St. Louis&lt;br/&gt;McDonnell International Scholars Academy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|title=McDonnell International Scholars Academy|access-date=2020-07-18|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930190203/https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| website    = [http://www.keio.ac.jp/index-en.html www.keio.ac.jp] (engl.)
}}

[[File:Old Keio University Library 3.jpg|240px]]

'''Keio [[Varsity|University]]''' is ane o the auldest universities in [[Japan]]. It stairtit in [[Tokyo]] in 1858.

==Faculty &amp; Graduate Schuils==
* [[Medicin]]&lt;ref&gt;Plotnikoff, G. A., &amp; Amano, T. (2007). A culturally appropriate, student-centered curriculum on medical professionalism. Successful innovations at Keio University in Tokyo. Minnesota medicine, 90(8), 42.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hasegawa, M., Tomioka, S., &amp; Kobayashi, Y. (1976). Clinical study of gram negative rods (GNR) septicemia at Keio University Hospital. In Chemotherapy (pp. 151-154). Springer, Boston, MA.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Yamashita, H., Dokiya, T., &amp; Hashimoto, S. (1986). Experience at Keio University Hospital for Cf-252 radiation therapy of tumors of the head and neck and other sites. Nucl. Sci. Appl, 2(3), 555-569.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Liu, M., Hase, K., Tsuji, T., Fujiwara, T., Yamada, S., Masakado, Y., &amp; Kimura, A. (2005). Clinical electromyography and electrodiagnosis course at Keio University Hospital—a 7-year experience. The Keio Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 193-196.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Pharmacology]]&lt;ref&gt;Fukushima, N. (2016). Activity and the Role of Keio University Pharmacy. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 136(5), 717-719.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Science]] &amp; [[Technologie]] ([[Mathematics]], [[Pheesics]], [[Chemistry]], etc.)
* [[Law]]
* [[Economics]]
==Kenspeckle alumni==
* [[Junichiro Koizumi]] (87t/88t/89t [[Prime meenister]])
* [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] (82nd/83rd Prime meenister)
* [[Yukari Yoshihara]] ([[Go]] pleyer at [[Nihon Ki-in]])
==Campus Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Keio University(mita) - Main gate.jpg|New South buildin on Mita Campus
File:三田演説館-慶應三田.jpg|Mita speech hoose on Mita Campus
File:中央道路銀杏並木-慶應日吉.jpg|Hiyoshi Campus
File:矢上台.jpg|Yagami Campus
File:Kitasato Memorial Medical Library.jpg|Kitasato Memorial Medical Library on Shinanomachi campus
File:3号館(芝共立).jpg|3rd Building on Shiba Kyoritsu campus
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Fremmit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Keio University}}
*[http://www.keio.ac.jp/ Keio University wabsteid]
*[http://www.iab.keio.ac.jp/en/ Keio University, Institute fur Advanced Biosciences/TTCK]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061002141112/http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/index.html.en?style=hot Shonan Fujisawa Campus]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014023519/http://keio.edu/en/index.htm Keio Academy o New York]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060502010830/http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/ Keio Organisation fur Global Initiatives (OGI)]
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qg1KAAAAIAAJ|title=The Keiogijuku University: a brief account of its history, aims and equipment|publisher=Keio University |year=1912 }}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keio Varsity}}
[[Category:19t-century establishments]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5086" sha1="hmysodzr6gqokklid0npvld7mda0ugf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox university
| name = Keio University
| native_name = 慶應義塾大学
| motto       = ''Calamus gladio fortior''
| mottoeng    = The pen is mightier than the sword
| type        = [[Resairch]]
| established = 1858
| founder     = Yukichi Fukuzawa 
| endowment   = N/A
| city        = [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]
| state       = Tokyo
| country     = Japan
| faculty     = full time 2,604&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_ keio/data/faculty_and_staff.html |title=Number of faculty member |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| staff       = 2,722&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| students    = 33,825&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_keio/data/ kr7a430000000hm3-att/2011_daigaku.pdf |title=Degree Student Head Count: May 2011 |publisher=Keio University |accessdate=October 10, 2011 |language=Japanese }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| undergrad   = 28,931&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| postgrad    = 4,894&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;
| doctoral    = 1,234&lt;ref name=&quot;Head count&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;excludin master course students as students in &quot;Doctorate (prior)&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
| other_students = 789&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;/&gt;
| campus      = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| free_label  = Athletics
| free        = 39 varsity teams
| colors      = Blue {{color box|#06063D}} and {{color box|#D20007}} Red 
| nickname    = [[Unicorn]]s, etc.
| academic_affiliations = Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning&lt;br/&gt; Council on Business &amp; Society&lt;br/&gt; Washington University in St. Louis&lt;br/&gt;McDonnell International Scholars Academy&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|title=McDonnell International Scholars Academy|access-date=2020-07-18|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930190203/https://global.wustl.edu/mcdonnell-academy/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| website    = [http://www.keio.ac.jp/index-en.html www.keio.ac.jp] (engl.)
}}

[[File:Old Keio University Library 3.jpg|240px]]

'''Keio [[Varsity|University]]''' is ane o the auldest universities in [[Japan]]. It stairtit in [[Tokyo]] in 1858.

==Faculty &amp; Graduate Schuils==
* [[Medicin]]&lt;ref&gt;Plotnikoff, G. A., &amp; Amano, T. (2007). A culturally appropriate, student-centered curriculum on medical professionalism. Successful innovations at Keio University in Tokyo. Minnesota medicine, 90(8), 42.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hasegawa, M., Tomioka, S., &amp; Kobayashi, Y. (1976). Clinical study of gram negative rods (GNR) septicemia at Keio University Hospital. In Chemotherapy (pp. 151-154). Springer, Boston, MA.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Yamashita, H., Dokiya, T., &amp; Hashimoto, S. (1986). Experience at Keio University Hospital for Cf-252 radiation therapy of tumors of the head and neck and other sites. Nucl. Sci. Appl, 2(3), 555-569.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Liu, M., Hase, K., Tsuji, T., Fujiwara, T., Yamada, S., Masakado, Y., &amp; Kimura, A. (2005). Clinical electromyography and electrodiagnosis course at Keio University Hospital—a 7-year experience. The Keio Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 193-196.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Pharmacology]]&lt;ref&gt;Fukushima, N. (2016). Activity and the Role of Keio University Pharmacy. Yakugaku Zasshi: Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 136(5), 717-719.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Science]] &amp; [[Technologie]] ([[Mathematics]], [[Pheesics]], [[Chemistry]], etc.)
* [[Law]]
* [[Economics]]
==Kenspeckle alumni==
* [[Junichiro Koizumi]] (87t/88t/89t [[Prime meenister]])
* [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] (82nd/83rd Prime meenister)
* [[Yukari Yoshihara]] ([[Go]] pleyer at [[Nihon Ki-in]])
==Campus Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Keio University(mita) - Main gate.jpg|New South buildin on Mita Campus
File:三田演説館-慶應三田.jpg|Mita speech hoose on Mita Campus
File:中央道路銀杏並木-慶應日吉.jpg|Hiyoshi Campus
File:矢上台.jpg|Yagami Campus
File:Kitasato Memorial Medical Library.jpg|Kitasato Memorial Medical Library on Shinanomachi campus
File:3号館(芝共立).jpg|3rd Building on Shiba Kyoritsu campus
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==Fremmit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Keio University}}
*[http://www.keio.ac.jp/ Keio University wabsteid]
*[http://www.iab.keio.ac.jp/en/ Keio University, Institute fur Advanced Biosciences/TTCK]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061002141112/http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/index.html.en?style=hot Shonan Fujisawa Campus]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014023519/http://keio.edu/en/index.htm Keio Academy o New York]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060502010830/http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/ Keio Organisation fur Global Initiatives (OGI)]
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qg1KAAAAIAAJ|title=The Keiogijuku University: a brief account of its history, aims and equipment|publisher=Keio University |year=1912 }}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keio Varsity}}
[[Category:19t-century establishments]]
[[Category:Eddicational institutions]]
[[Category:Varsities an colleges]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Monospaced</title>
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        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
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      <comment>flittin tae Mercat Cross</comment>
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      <text bytes="10348" sha1="ea38uhdg8ibnpuzohgreb1w19hbqkd6" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Monospaced, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye faer [[Special:Contributions/Monospaced|yer werks]]. Some gibbles ye'll fynd uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isnae.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|How tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; &amp;#8211;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:CG Times&quot;&gt;[[User:MJL|&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;MJL&lt;/span&gt;]]&amp;thinsp;[[User talk:MJL|‐'''Tauk'''‐]]&lt;sup&gt;[[Special:CentralAuth/MJL|☖]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 23:33, 26 August 2020 (UTC)

== Hiiii ==

Hello, just replying to your message on the talkpage. I will quietly admit I am not fluent in scots but I try my best to appear as though I am [lol] regarding sources, in future I will try my best to add them too my sincere apologies. Thank you for bringing this to my attention. :) Signed Tom ([[Special:Contributions/31.185.199.27|31.185.199.27]] ([[User talk:31.185.199.27|talk]]) 14:20, 11 September 2020 (UTC))
:Hi Tom, if you are interested in improving your Scots in your area of expertise, there are fluent Scots speakers willing to help. There is a [https://discord.gg/H7jMBa6 Discord server] which is a good place to start, but if that's not your thing just say and we can help other ways! ☺ (will post this on your own page too in case you miss this) [[Uiser:Soothrhins|soothrhins]] ([[Uiser collogue:Soothrhins|tauk]]) 20:05, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
: Thanks. My main concern is that it's hard to justify the [[en:Notability|notability]] of articles that aren't sourced. This can lead to articles being deleted if it's difficult to determine their importance, especially if the effort put into an individual article is low. With that in mind I just thought it was important to advise that a smaller number of deeper articles would be more seen to be more valuable, if you need help doing this in Scots then Soothrins comment above is a great place to start. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 20:10, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

=={{en}} Next Editathon!==
Just a wee note to invite you to the next [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon September 2020|Editathon - 29th &amp; 30th September]] - where we'll be focussing on places in Scotland. Training will take place at 12 noon and 6pm on the 29th - any questions or requests, please let us know! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:27, 23 September 2020 (UTC)

=={{en}} Next Scots Wiki editathon - 14 &amp; 15 November==
Hey there, as you attended one of our previous editathons, thought you might like to know about the next one!  14 &amp; 15 November, details [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon November 2020|on the event page]], the theme is '''Weemin an Minorities fae Scotland an Ulster.'''   :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:39, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

=={{en}} Next editathon==
Hey there, as a previous attendee of a Scots Wiki editathon, I thought you  might like to know about the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember  2020|December event, Sat 12 &amp; Sun 13th.]]   In addition to the usual wiki support, this month I'm really excited  to say that we'll have '''language support in place from the Scots Language  Centre''', who'll be online between 12-3 on Zoom on Saturday with us to help  with any of your queries.  

*  [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-tickets-131613729207  Eventbrite link to sign up to Saturday Zoom session] 
* [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|On-wiki event  page]]
    
Hope to see you there! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:53, 8 Dizember 2020 (UTC)

== {{en}} Sunday 13th December - extra zoom session with the Scots Language Centre! ==
We've added another session for the [[Wikipedia:'E Scots Leid Editathon Dizember 2020|editathon this weekend,]] with the folks from the SLC.  Join us on Zoom for editing 12-3 on Sunday now too; we can help with wiki and language queries :) [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-december-2020-sunday-13th-tickets-132517919665 Book your place on Eventbrite here.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:26, 11 Dizember 2020 (UTC)

=={{en}} January editathon== 
Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 30 &amp; Sun 31 January.  If you'd like help improving your written scots skills, then folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-saturday-30th-tickets-137925028473 Saturday (15:00-17:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-january-2021-sunday-31st-tickets-137925646321 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. Feedback last time was that the language support was really helpful (and fun!), and we'd love to see you. We're looking mainly at improving articles to do with politics, particularly articles about politicians.  More info, article lists, and sign up details on the event page: [[wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021|Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Januar 2021.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:06, 27 Januar 2021 (UTC)

==Mairch editathon==
{{en}}Just a wee reminder that the next scots wiki editathon takes place this weekend, Sat 20 &amp; Sun 11 march, we'll be looking at Scots &amp; Irish media &amp; art.  If you'd like help improving your written scots skills, or just want to come and edit socially, then myself and folks from the Scots Language Centre will be on Zoom on [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-saturday-20th-tickets-145533926893 Saturday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] and [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/scots-wiki-editathon-march-2021-sunday-21st-tickets-145534247853 Sunday (12:00-14:00 GMT)] to do some collaborative editing, and I'll be around to help with any wiki queries. More info, article lists, and dashboard sign up details on the event page: [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Mairch 2021]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:42, 19 Mairch 2021 (UTC)

== {{en}} Next Editathon ==

Heya, heads up that the next Editathon will take place this weekend (5 &amp; 6 June), we're looking at Scots in STEM as a starting point.  More info on the event page [[Wikipedia:Scots Wikipedia Editathon Juin 2021|here.]]  Hope to see ou at the Zoom sessions! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:17, 3 Juin 2021 (UTC)

== History preservation ==
Hey

Gin yer gauna be shiftin a page bit canna acause the tairget haes history (as wis fit happent wi anthropology), please tag the tairget fur deletion wi &lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete|explanation}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; insteid ae copyin ower the text.  Iss is sae we kin keep the editin history preserved, fit is required bi oor CC-by-SA license.  A'v sortit it noo

An a dae appreciate aa the wirk ye'v pit in the day [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 15:18, 8 November 2026 (UTC)

:Sorry! A realised efter but coudnae pit it richt masel. Thanks for takin the time tae redd it up. A'll tag the page for deletion in future. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 15:24, 8 November 2026 (UTC)

== Seicont ==
A'm geyan shuir &quot;seicont&quot; is a hypercorrection aat is rare in actual eese.  It's nae got ony hits in the DSL an chackin the Scots Corpus jis hae ae hit fur baith seicont an seicond (the same essay fur baith) [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:48, 8 November 2026 (UTC)
: Guid catch! A've been gaun wi a convention frae here, but it's no weel attestit at aw. The dictionars hae every spellin but that ane, yet it's aw ower the wiki.
:* [https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/second SND: SECOND] (secont, saicont, seecond an ither variations, but nae seicont)
:* [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=seicont&amp;fulltext=1 Search for &quot;seicont&quot;] (2,679 hits)
:* [[MediaWiki:Seconds]] (the site's interface uises &quot;seicont&quot;)
:* [[Wikipedia:Spellin Fettle/MediaWiki/Time]] (the 2020 review o the interface wordin)
: [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 00:57, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::Aat's easy eneuch ti explain: the OSD, the dictionair aat ootricht maks ap wirds an disna gie proper exemples, pits &quot;seicont&quot; as the ainly hit fur second.  A keep meanin ti gang throw an tak oot aa the bad spellins bit lik ye seyed abeen, 2,679 hits an maist fowks aat edit focus on ither stuff [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 01:19, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
:::Aye, as ye micht hae guessed, A'm gaun aboot ma recent chynges wi a semi-automated approach. A ken that's got its doonsides, but we're years oan wi monie decent airticles an mair bad yins. A'm luikin at makkin a bot tae sort oot agreed, simple problems like this spellin ane. A wis aboot for the auld cleanup, sae A ken fine weel the trouble the OSD caused, an wi fowk aye reachin for the &quot;maist Scots&quot; wirds an aw (still daein it masel cause A'm tryin tae keep a kinna consistency). [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 09:15, 9 November 2026 (UTC)
::: A've pit in a [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross#BroonieBot: Bot flag request|bot flag request]] for issues siclike this. [[Uiser:Monospaced|Monospaced]] ([[Uiser collogue:Monospaced|tauk]]) 13:44, 9 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>927726</id>
      <parentid>791236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T12:55:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mvolz (WMF)</username>
        <id>43780</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>update to support sync from en wiki (phab:T416930)</comment>
      <origin>927726</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="5853" sha1="ta67kneqm290z45q8h27avai63hsphd" xml:space="preserve">// All user-facing messages
mw.messages.set( { 
'cite-section-label' : 'Cite',
'cite-template-list' : 'Templates',
'cite-named-refs-label' : 'Named references',
'cite-named-refs-title' : 'Insert a named reference',
'cite-named-refs-button' : 'Named references',
'cite-named-refs-dropdown' : 'Named references', // Used on the top of the named refs list dropdown
'cite-errorcheck-label' : 'Error check',
'cite-errorcheck-button' : 'Check for errors',
'cite-dialog-web' : 'Web citation',
'cite-dialog-news' : 'News citation',
'cite-dialog-book' : 'Book citation',
'cite-dialog-journal' : 'Journal citation',
'cite-form-submit' : 'Insert',
'cite-form-showhide' : 'Show/hide extra fields',
'cite-no-namedrefs' : 'Cannot find any named references on the page',
'cite-namedrefs-intro' : &quot;Select a name from the list to see the ref content. Click 'Insert' to insert a reference to it in the text.&quot;,
'cite-raw-preview' : 'Wikitext:',
'cite-parsed-label' : 'Parsed wikitext:',
'cite-form-parse' : 'Show parsed preview',
'cite-refpreview' : 'Preview',
'cite-name-label' : 'Ref name',
'cite-group-label' : 'Ref group',
'cite-errorcheck-submit' : 'Check',
'cite-errorcheck-heading' : 'Check for the following errors:',
'cite-error-unclosed' : 'Unclosed &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:monospace&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; tags',
'cite-error-samecontent' : 'References with the same content',
'cite-error-templates' : 'References not using a &lt;a href=&quot;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates&quot;&gt;citation template&lt;/a&gt;',
'cite-error-repeated' : 'Multiple references with the same name',
'cite-error-undef' : 'Usage of undefined named references',
'cite-error-samecontent-msg' : 'Multiple refs contain the same content: $1',
'cite-error-repeated-msg' : 'Multiple refs are given the name: \'$1\'',
'cite-error-templates-msg' : 'Does not use a template: $1',
'cite-form-reset' : 'Reset form',
'cite-loading' : 'Loading data', // Shown while pagetext is being downloaded from the API
'cite-insert-date' : 'Insert current date', // Alt/title text for 'insert date' icon
'cite-err-report-heading' : 'Citation error report', // Heading for error report table
'cite-err-report-close' : 'Close', // Alt/title text for 'close' icon on error report
'cite-err-report-empty' : 'No errors found', // Message displayed in the error report list if there are no errors
'cite-autofill-alt' : 'Autofill', // Alt text for autofill button image
'cite-work-tooltip' : 'Name of journal, magazine, newspaper, periodical or website',
'cite-authorlink-tooltip' : 'If the author has a Wikipedia article, the name of the article',
'cite-at-tooltip' : 'Position within the resource (when page is inappropriate)',
'cite-ref-tooltip' : 'ID for anchor (for creating a linkable reference)',
'cite-postscript-tooltip' : 'If specified, overrides the default behavior of terminating the citation with a period',
'cite-page-tooltip' : 'Page in the source that supports the content.',
'cite-pages-tooltip' : 'Pages in the source that supports the content; separate page ranges with an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source.',
'cite-website-tooltip' : 'Name of the website in full, not the URL',
'cite-samecontent-desc' : 'References with the same content',
'cite-samecontent-error' : 'Multiple references contain the same content',
'cite-repeated-desc' : 'Multiple references with the same name',
'cite-repeated-error' : 'Multiple references are using the same name',
'cite-undefined-desc' : 'Usage of undefined named references',
'cite-undefined-error' : 'A named reference is used but not defined',
'cite-urlstatus-tooltip' : 'Mark the live/dead/usurped status of the original URL, defining its relevance versus the (required) archive URL',
'cite-first-label' : 'First name',
'cite-last-label' : 'Last name',
'cite-title-label' : 'Title',
'cite-work-label' : 'Work',
'cite-newspaper-label' : 'Newspaper',
'cite-journal-label' : 'Journal',
'cite-publisher-label' : 'Publisher',
'cite-accessdate-label' : 'Access date',
'cite-author-label' : 'Author',
'cite-authorlink-label' : &quot;Author's article&quot;,
'cite-coauthors-label' : 'Coauthors',
'cite-archiveurl-label' : 'Archive URL',
'cite-archivedate-label' : 'Archive date',
'cite-location-label' : 'Location',
'cite-page-label' : 'Page',
'cite-pages-label' : 'Pages',
'cite-at-label' : 'At',
'cite-chapter-label' : 'Chapter',
'cite-volume-label' : 'Volume',
'cite-series-label' : 'Series',
'cite-issue-label' : 'Issue',
'cite-language-label' : 'Language',
'cite-format-label' : 'Format',
'cite-date-label' : 'Date',
'cite-month-label' : 'Month',
'cite-year-label' : 'Year',
'cite-quote-label' : 'Quote',
'cite-author2-label' : '2nd author',
'cite-author3-label' : '3rd author',
'cite-author4-label' : '4th author',
'cite-author5-label' : '5th author',
'cite-agency-label' : 'Agency',
'cite-editor-label' : 'Editor',
'cite-editor1-first-label' : &quot;Editor's first&quot;,
'cite-editor1-last-label' : &quot;Editor's last&quot;,
'cite-editor1-link-label' : &quot;Editor's article&quot;,
'cite-editor-first-label' : &quot;Editor's first&quot;,
'cite-editor-last-label' : &quot;Editor's last&quot;,
'cite-editor-link-label' : &quot;Editor's article&quot;,
'cite-edition-label' : 'Edition',
'cite-trans_title-label' : 'Translated title',
'cite-ref-label' : 'Ref',
'cite-postscript-label' : 'Postscript',
'cite-url-label' : 'URL',
'cite-doi-label' : 'DOI',
'cite-isbn-label' : 'ISBN',
'cite-pmid-label' : 'PMID',
'cite-issn-label' : 'ISSN',
'cite-pmc-label' : 'PMC',
'cite-oclc-label' : 'OCLC',
'cite-bibcode-label' : 'Bibcode',
'cite-id-label' : 'ID',
'cite-website-label' : 'Website name',
'cite-increment-alt' : 'Add another', // Alt text for field increment button, not specific to a particular field
});

// Load configuration for site
mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:RefToolbarConfig.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');</text>
      <sha1>ta67kneqm290z45q8h27avai63hsphd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:RefToolbar.js</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>222914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927717</id>
      <parentid>925619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T12:44:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mvolz (WMF)</username>
        <id>43780</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sync with en wiki, per {{phab:T416930}}</comment>
      <origin>927717</origin>
      <model>javascript</model>
      <format>text/javascript</format>
      <text bytes="34055" sha1="73h27y78hiv3c9gjt3yzzkavrpcpbmh" xml:space="preserve">/* jshint smarttabs:true, loopfunc:true, forin:false */
/* global mw, $ */
// TODO: make autodate an option in the CiteTemplate object, not a preference

// Global object
// TODO:
// * Remove this once the page is moved to a module 'ext.gadget.refToolbarDialogs' depending on 'ext.gadget.refToolbarBase'
if (typeof CiteTB === 'undefined') {
	var CiteTB = {
		&quot;Templates&quot;: {}, // All templates
		&quot;Options&quot;: {}, // Global options
		&quot;UserOptions&quot;: {}, // User options
		&quot;DefaultOptions&quot;: {}, // Script defaults
		&quot;ErrorChecks&quot;: {} // Error check functions
	};
}

// TODO: Move this to [[MediaWiki:Gadget-refToolbarDialogs.css]] and add it to the definition of module 'ext.gadget.refToolbarDialogs'
mw.util.addCSS(&quot;.cite-form-td {&quot; +
	&quot;height: 0 !important;&quot; +
	&quot;padding: 0.1em !important;&quot; +
	&quot;}&quot;);

// Default options, these mainly exist so the script won't break if a new option is added
CiteTB.DefaultOptions = {
	&quot;date format&quot;: &quot;&lt;year&gt;-&lt;zmonth&gt;-&lt;zdate&gt;&quot;,
	&quot;autodate fields&quot;: [],
	&quot;months&quot;: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'],
	&quot;modal&quot;: true,
	&quot;autoparse&quot;: false,
	&quot;expandtemplates&quot;: false
};

// Get an option - user settings override global which override defaults
CiteTB.getOption = function (opt) {
	if (CiteTB.UserOptions[opt] !== undefined) {
		return CiteTB.UserOptions[opt];
	} else if (CiteTB.Options[opt] !== undefined) {
		return CiteTB.Options[opt];
	}
	return CiteTB.DefaultOptions[opt];
};

CiteTB.init = function () {
	/* Main stuff, build the actual toolbar structure
	 * 1. get the template list, make the dropdown list and set up the template dialog boxes
	 * 2. actually build the toolbar:
	 *    * A section for cites
	 *    ** dropdown for the templates (previously defined)
	 *    ** button for named refs with a dialog box
	 *    ** button for errorcheck
	 * 3. add the whole thing to the main toolbar
	*/

	if (typeof $('div[rel=cites]')[0] !== 'undefined') { // Mystery IE bug workaround
		return;
	}
	$('head').trigger('reftoolbarbase');
	var $target = $('#wpTextbox1');
	var temlist = {};
	for (var t in CiteTB.Templates) {
		var tem = CiteTB.Templates[t];
		var sform = CiteTB.escStr(tem.shortform);
		var actionobj = {
			type: 'dialog',
			module: 'cite-dialog-' + sform
		};
		var dialogobj = {};
		dialogobj['cite-dialog-' + sform] = {
			resizeme: false,
			title: mw.message('cite-dialog-' + sform),
			id: 'citetoolbar-' + sform,
			init: function () {
			},
			html: tem.getInitial(),
			dialog: {
				width: 680,
				open: function () {
					$(this).html(CiteTB.getOpenTemplate().getForm());
					/** @param {jQuery.Event} e */
					$('.cite-prev-parse').on('click', function (e) {
						e.preventDefault();
						CiteTB.prevParseClick();
					});
				},
				buttons: {
					'cite-form-submit': function () {
						var ref = CiteTB.getRef(false, true);
						$(this).dialog('close');
						$.wikiEditor.modules.toolbar.fn.doAction($(this).data('context'), {
							type: 'encapsulate',
							options: {
								post: ref
							}
						}, $(this));
					},
					'cite-form-showhide': CiteTB.showHideExtra,
					'cite-refpreview': function () {
						var ref = CiteTB.getRef(false, false);
						var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
						var div = $(&quot;#citetoolbar-&quot; + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform));
						div.find('.cite-preview-label').show();
						div.find('.cite-ref-preview').text(ref).show();
						if (CiteTB.getOption('autoparse')) {
							CiteTB.prevParseClick();
						} else {
							div.find('.cite-prev-parse').show();
							div.find('.cite-prev-parsed-label').hide();
							div.find('.cite-preview-parsed').html('');
						}
					},
					'wikieditor-toolbar-tool-link-cancel': function () {
						$(this).dialog('close');
					},
					'cite-form-reset': function () {
						CiteTB.resetForm();
					}
				}
			}
		};
		try {
			$target.wikiEditor('addDialog', dialogobj);
		} catch (e) {
			// TypeError: range is null
		}
		//if (!CiteTB.getOption('modal')) {
		//$('#citetoolbar-'+sform).dialog('option', 'modal', false);
		//}
		temlist[sform] = {label: tem.templatename, action: actionobj};
	}

	var refsection = {
		'sections': {
			'cites': {
				type: 'toolbar',
				label: mw.msg('cite-section-label'),
				groups: {
					'template': {
						tools: {
							'template': {
								type: 'select',
								label: mw.msg('cite-template-list'),
								list: temlist
							}
						}
					},
					'namedrefs': {
						label: mw.msg('cite-named-refs-label'),
						tools: {
							'nrefs': {
								type: 'button',
								action: {
									type: 'dialog',
									module: 'cite-toolbar-namedrefs'
								},
								icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Nuvola_clipboard_lined.svg/60px-Nuvola_clipboard_lined.svg.png',
								section: 'cites',
								group: 'namedrefs',
								label: mw.msg('cite-named-refs-button')
							}
						}
					},
					'errorcheck': {
						label: mw.msg('cite-errorcheck-label'),
						tools: {
							'echeck': {
								type: 'button',
								action: {
									type: 'dialog',
									module: 'cite-toolbar-errorcheck'
								},
								icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nuvola_apps_korganizer-NO.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer-NO.png',
								section: 'cites',
								group: 'errorcheck',
								label: mw.msg('cite-errorcheck-button')
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	};

	var defaultdialogs = {
		'cite-toolbar-errorcheck': {
			title: mw.message('cite-errorcheck-label'),
			id: 'citetoolbar-errorcheck',
			resizeme: false,
			init: function () {
			},
			html: '&lt;div id=&quot;cite-namedref-loading&quot;&gt;' +
				'&lt;img src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Loading.gif&quot; /&gt;' +
				'&amp;nbsp;' + mw.messages.get('cite-loading') + '&lt;/div&gt;',
			dialog: {
				width: 550,
				open: function () {
					CiteTB.loadRefs();
				},
				buttons: {
					'cite-errorcheck-submit': function () {
						var errorchecks = $(&quot;input[name='cite-err-test']:checked&quot;);
						var errors = [];
						for (var i = 0; i &lt; errorchecks.length; i++) {
							errors = errors.concat(CiteTB.ErrorChecks[$(errorchecks[i]).val()].run());
						}
						CiteTB.displayErrors(errors);
						$(this).dialog('close');
					},
					'wikieditor-toolbar-tool-link-cancel': function () {
						$(this).dialog('close');
					}
				}
			}
		},
		'cite-toolbar-namedrefs': {
			title: mw.message('cite-named-refs-title'),
			resizeme: false,
			id: 'citetoolbar-namedrefs',
			html: '&lt;div id=&quot;cite-namedref-loading&quot;&gt;' +
				'&lt;img src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Loading.gif&quot; /&gt;' +
				'&amp;nbsp;' + mw.messages.get('cite-loading') + '&lt;/div&gt;',
			init: function () {
			},
			dialog: {
				width: 550,
				open: function () {
					CiteTB.loadRefs();
				},
				buttons: {
					'cite-form-submit': function () {
						var refname = $(&quot;#cite-namedref-select&quot;).val();
						if (refname === '') {
							return;
						}
						$(this).dialog('close');
						$.wikiEditor.modules.toolbar.fn.doAction($(this).data('context'), {
							type: 'encapsulate',
							options: {
								post: CiteTB.getNamedRef(refname, true)
							}
						}, $(this));
					},
					'wikieditor-toolbar-tool-link-cancel': function () {
						$(this).dialog('close');
					}
				}
			}
		}
	};

	try {
		$target.wikiEditor('addDialog', defaultdialogs);
	} catch (e) {
		// error occurred setting up wikieditor.
	}
	$('#citetoolbar-namedrefs').off('dialogopen');
	if (!CiteTB.getOption('modal')) {
		//$('#citetoolbar-namedrefs').dialog('option', 'modal', false);
		//$('#citetoolbar-errorcheck').dialog('option', 'modal', false);
		mw.util.addCSS(&quot;.ui-widget-overlay {&quot; +
			&quot;display:none !important;&quot; +
			&quot;}&quot;);
	}
	try {
		$target.wikiEditor('addToToolbar', refsection);
	} catch (e) {
		// error occurred setting up wikieditor.
	}
};

// Load local data - messages, cite templates, etc.
$(document).ready(function () {
	mw.loader.load('/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:RefToolbarMessages-en.js&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript');
});

// Setup the main object
CiteTB.mainRefList = [];
CiteTB.refsLoaded = false;

// REF FUNCTIONS
// Actually assemble a ref from user input
CiteTB.getRef = function (inneronly, forinsert) {
	var i, j, g, group;
	var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var templatename = template.templatename;
	var res = '';
	var refobj = {'shorttag': false};
	if (!inneronly) {
		group = $('#cite-' + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform) + '-group').val();
		var refname = $('#cite-' + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform) + '-name').val();
		res += '&lt;ref';
		if (refname) {
			refname = $.trim(refname);
			res += ' name=' + CiteTB.getQuotedString(refname);
			refobj.refname = refname;
		}
		if (group) {
			group = $.trim(group);
			res += ' group=' + CiteTB.getQuotedString(group);
			refobj.refgroup = group;
		}
		res += '&gt;';
	}
	var content = '{{' + templatename;
	for (g in template.incrementables) {
		group = template.incrementables[g];
		for (i = 1; i &lt;= group.val; i++) {
			for (j = 0; j &lt; group.fields.length; j++) {
				var fieldname = group.fields[j].field;
				var fieldid = fieldname.replace('&lt;N&gt;', i.toString());
				var field = $('#cite-' + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform) + '-' + fieldid).val();
				if (field) {
					content += ' |' + fieldid + '=';
					content += $.trim(field);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i &lt; template.basic.length; i++) {
		if (template.basic[i].increment_group) {
			continue;
		}
		var fieldname = template.basic[i].field;
		var field = $('#cite-' + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform) + '-' + fieldname).val();
		if (field) {
			content += ' |' + fieldname + '=';
			content += $.trim(field);
		}
	}
	if ($('#cite-form-status').val() !== 'closed') {
		for (i = 0; i &lt; template.extra.length; i++) {
			if (template.extra[i].increment_group) {
				continue;
			}
			var fieldname = template.extra[i].field;
			var field = $('#cite-' + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform) + '-' + fieldname).val();
			if (field) {
				content += ' |' + fieldname + '=';
				content += $.trim(field);
			}
		}
	}
	content += '}}';
	res += content;
	refobj.content = content;
	if (!inneronly) {
		res += '&lt;/ref&gt;';
	}
	if (forinsert) {
		CiteTB.mainRefList.push(refobj);
	}
	return res;
};

// Make a reference to a named ref
CiteTB.getNamedRef = function (refname, forinsert) {
	if (forinsert) {
		CiteTB.mainRefList.push({'shorttag': true, 'refname': refname});
	}
	return '&lt;ref name=' + CiteTB.getQuotedString(refname) + ' /&gt;';
};

// Function to load the ref list
CiteTB.loadRefs = function () {
	if (CiteTB.refsLoaded) {
		return;
	}
	CiteTB.getPageText(CiteTB.loadRefsInternal);
};

// Function that actually loads the list from the page text
CiteTB.loadRefsInternal = function (text) {
	// What this does:             extract first name/group                                     extract second name/group                                          shorttag   inner content
	var refsregex = /&lt; *ref(?: +(name|group) *= *(?:&quot;([^&quot;]*?)&quot;|'([^']*?)'|([^ '&quot;\/\&gt;]*?)) *)? *(?: +(name|group) *= *(?:&quot;([^&quot;]*?)&quot;|'([^']*?)'|([^ '&quot;\/\&gt;]*?)) *)? *(?:\/ *&gt;|&gt;((?:.|\n)*?)&lt; *\/ *ref *&gt;)/gim;
	// This should work regardless of the quoting used for names/groups and for linebreaks in the inner content
	while (true) {
		var ref = refsregex.exec(text);
		if (ref === null) {
			break;
		}
		var refobj = {};
		if (ref[9]) { // Content + short tag check
			//alert('&quot;'+ref[9]+'&quot;');
			refobj.content = ref[9];
			refobj.shorttag = false;
		} else {
			refobj.shorttag = true;
		}
		if (ref[1] !== '') { // First name/group
			if (ref[2]) {
				refobj['ref' + ref[1]] = ref[2];
			} else if (ref[3]) {
				refobj['ref' + ref[1]] = ref[3];
			} else {
				refobj['ref' + ref[1]] = ref[4];
			}
		}
		if (ref[5] !== '') { // Second name/group
			if (ref[6]) {
				refobj['ref' + ref[5]] = ref[6];
			} else if (ref[7]) {
				refobj['ref' + ref[5]] = ref[7];
			} else {
				refobj['ref' + ref[5]] = ref[8];
			}
		}
		CiteTB.mainRefList.push(refobj);
	}
	CiteTB.refsLoaded = true;
	CiteTB.setupErrorCheck();
	CiteTB.setupNamedRefs();
};

// AJAX FUNCTIONS
// Parse some wikitext and hand it off to a callback function
CiteTB.parse = function (text, callback) {
	$.post(mw.util.wikiScript('api'),
		{action: 'parse', title: mw.config.get('wgPageName'), text: text, prop: 'text', format: 'json'},
		function (data) {
			var html = data.parse.text['*'];
			callback(html);
		},
		'json'
	);
};

// Use the API to expand templates on some text
CiteTB.expandtemplates = function (text, callback) {
	$.post(mw.util.wikiScript('api'),
		{action: 'expandtemplates', title: mw.config.get('wgPageName'), text: text, format: 'json'},
		function (data) {
			var restext = data.expandtemplates['*'];
			callback(restext);
		},
		'json'
	);
};

// Function to get the page text
CiteTB.getPageText = function (callback) {
	var section = $(&quot;input[name='wpSection']&quot;).val();
	if (section !== '') {
		var postdata = {
			action: 'query',
			prop: 'revisions',
			rvprop: 'content',
			pageids: mw.config.get('wgArticleId'),
			format: 'json'
		};
		if (CiteTB.getOption('expandtemplates')) {
			postdata.rvexpandtemplates = '1';
		}
		$.get(mw.util.wikiScript('api'),
			postdata,
			function (data) {
				var pagetext = data.query.pages[mw.config.get('wgArticleId').toString()].revisions[0]['*'];
				callback(pagetext);
			},
			'json'
		);
	} else {
		if (CiteTB.getOption('expandtemplates')) {
			CiteTB.expandtemplates($('#wpTextbox1').wikiEditor('getContents').text(), callback);
		} else {
			callback($('#wpTextbox1').wikiEditor('getContents').text());
		}
	}
};

// Safe version of decodeURIComponent() that doesn't throw exceptions.
// If the native decodeURIComponent() threw an exception, the original string will be returned.
CiteTB.safeDecodeURIComponent = function (s) {
	try {
		s = decodeURIComponent(s);
	} catch (e) {
	}
	return s;
};

/**
 * Convert one Citoid result into RefToolbar autofill properties.
 *
 * The property names must match the &quot;autofillprop&quot; values in
 * MediaWiki:RefToolbarConfig.js, not the citation template parameters.
 *
 * @param {Object} entry One item from the Citoid response body.
 * @param {string} tem Target citation template short name, e.g. 'book'.
 * @return {Object} Autofill properties; empty if nothing matched.
 */
CiteTB.transformCitoidResponse = function (entry, tem) {
	var result = {};
	// A pipe ends the template parameter. CiteTB.getRef joins the field
	// values into wikitext and does not escape them.
	var escapePipes = function (text) {
		return typeof text === 'string' ? text.replace(/\|/g, '{{!}}') : text;
	};
	// Citoid puts the chapter in &quot;title&quot; and the book in &quot;bookTitle&quot;. Only
	// cite book has a chapter field.
	var isBookSection = entry.itemType === 'bookSection' &amp;&amp; tem === 'book';

	Object.keys(entry).forEach(function (key) {
		var value = escapePipes(entry[key]);

		// Zotero has one field name for each item type. The /mediawiki/
		// format keeps them separate, so each case lists all the names that
		// Zotero maps to the same base field.
		switch (key) {
			case 'publicationTitle':
			case 'blogTitle':
			case 'bookTitle':
			case 'dictionaryTitle':
			case 'encyclopediaTitle':
			case 'forumTitle':
			case 'proceedingsTitle':
			case 'programTitle':
			case 'websiteTitle':
				// RefToolbar maps every containing-work title to journal
				if (isBookSection) {
					result.title = value;
				} else {
					result.journal = value;
				}
				break;
			case 'title':
			case 'caseName':
			case 'nameOfAct':
			case 'subject':
				if (isBookSection) {
					result.chapter = value;
				} else {
					result.title = value;
				}
				break;
			case 'volume':
			case 'codeVolume':
			case 'reporterVolume':
				result.volume = value;
				break;
			case 'issue':
				result.issue = value;
				break;
			case 'edition':
				// Citoid returns &quot;1st ed&quot;; the templates want &quot;1st&quot;.
				value = value.split(' edition').join('');
				value = value.split(' ed.').join('');
				value = value.split(' ed').join('');
				result.edition = value;
				break;
			case 'publisher':
			case 'company':
			case 'distributor':
			case 'institution':
			case 'label':
			case 'network':
			case 'studio':
			case 'university':
				result.publisher = value;
				break;
			case 'pages':
			case 'codePages':
			case 'firstPage':
				result.pages = value;
				break;
			// Citoid can return several identifiers; the templates take one.
			case 'ISBN':
				result.isbn = escapePipes(Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value);
				break;
			case 'ISSN':
				result.issn = escapePipes(Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value);
				break;
			case 'date':
			case 'dateDecided':
			case 'dateEnacted':
			case 'issueDate':
				result.date = value;
				break;
			case 'DOI':
				result.doi = value;
				break;
			case 'language':
				result.language = value;
				break;
			case 'place':
				result.location = value;
				break;
			case 'author':
				value.forEach(function (author) {
					// Reject name parts that start with a digit. These are
					// dates from bad metadata.
					var firstName = /^\d/.test(author[0]) ?  '' : escapePipes(author[0]);
					var lastName = /^\d/.test(author[1]) ? '' : escapePipes(author[1]);
					// Accept an institutional author, which has no first name.
					if (lastName) {
						if (!result.authors) {
							result.authors = [];
						}
						// CiteTB.autoFill expects [last, first].
						result.authors.push([lastName, firstName || '']);
					}
				});
				break;
		}
	});

	return result;
};

// Autofill a template from an ID (ISBN, DOI, PMID, URL)
CiteTB.initAutofill = function () {
	var $lookup = $(this);
	if ($lookup.data('loading')) {
		return false;
	}
	var elemid = $lookup.attr('id');
	var res = /^cite\-auto\-(.*?)\-(.*)\-(.*)$/.exec(elemid);
	var tem = res[1];
	var field = res[2];
	var autotype = res[3];
	var id = $('#cite-' + tem + '-' + field).val();
	if (!id) {
		return false;
	}
	var serviceUrl = mw.config.get('wgCitoidConfig').citoidServiceUrl;
	if (!serviceUrl) {
		return false;
	}
	// Citoid expects minimally encoded input, so do some speculative decoding here to avoid
	// 404 fetches. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146539
	id = CiteTB.safeDecodeURIComponent(id);
	var $loading = $('&lt;img /&gt;').attr({
		src: 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Loading.gif',
		alt: mw.messages.get('cite-loading'),
		title: mw.messages.get('cite-loading'),
		width: 20,
		height: 20
	});
	$lookup.data('loading', true).hide().after($loading);
	// This is a close copy of how ve.ui.CitoidInspector does this request:
	(new mw.Api({
		ajax: {
			// Older configuration has a trailing /api
			url: serviceUrl.replace(/\/api$/, '') + '/mediawiki/' + encodeURIComponent(id),
			// Request content language of wiki from citoid service
			headers: { 'accept-language': mw.config.get('wgContentLanguage') },
			timeout: 30 * 1000, // 30 seconds
			type: 'GET'
		}
	})).get().always(function () {
		$loading.remove();
		$lookup.removeData('loading').show();
	}).then(function (results) {
		// A failed lookup is a 404, which rejects. Do not clear the fields
		// the user already filled in.
		if (!results || !results[0]) {
			return;
		}
		CiteTB.autoFill(CiteTB.transformCitoidResponse(results[0], tem), tem, autotype);
	});
	return false;
};

// Callback for autofill
// TODO: Autofill the URL, at least for DOI
CiteTB.autoFill = function (data, template, type) {
	var cl = 'cite-' + template + '-';
	var i, j, coauthors;
	$('.' + cl + 'title').val(data.title);
	// Fill in authors
	if (data.authors &amp;&amp; data.authors.length &gt; 0) {
		if ($('.' + cl + 'last-incr-1').length != 0) {
			var classes = $('.' + cl + 'last-incr-1').eq(0).attr('class').split(/\s+/);
			var group = false;
			var patt = /cite-[^-]*?-incr-(.*)/;
			for (var c = 0; c &lt; classes.length; c++) {
				if (patt.exec(classes[c])) {
					group = patt.exec(classes[c])[1];
					break;
				}
			}
			$('.' + cl + 'last-incr-1').val(data.authors[0][0]);
			$('.' + cl + 'first-incr-1').val(data.authors[0][1]);
			elemid = '#cite-incr-' + template + '-' + group;
			for (var i = 2; i &lt; data.authors.length + 1; i++) {
				$(elemid).click();
				$('.' + cl + 'last-incr-' + i.toString()).val(data.authors[i - 1][0]);
				$('.' + cl + 'first-incr-' + i.toString()).val(data.authors[i - 1][1]);
			}
		} else if ($('.' + cl + 'author-incr-1').length != 0) {
			var classes = $('.' + cl + 'author-incr-1').eq(0).attr('class').split(/\s+/);
			var group = false;
			var patt = /cite-[^-]*?-incr-(.*)/
			for (var c = 0; c &lt; classes.length; c++) {
				if (patt.exec(classes[c])) {
					group = patt.exec(classes[c])[1];
					break;
				}
			}
			$('.' + cl + 'author-incr-1').val(data.authors[0].join(', '));
			elemid = '#cite-incr-' + template + '-' + group;
			for (var i = 2; i &lt; data.authors.length + 1; i++) {
				$(elemid).click();
				$('.' + cl + 'author-incr-' + i.toString()).val(data.authors[i - 1].join(', '));
			}
		} else if ($('.' + cl + 'last1').length != 0) {
			for (i = 0; data.authors &amp;&amp; i &lt; data.authors.length; i++) {
				if ($('.' + cl + 'last' + (i + 1)).length) {
					$('.' + cl + 'last' + (i + 1)).val(data.authors[i][0]);
					$('.' + cl + 'first' + (i + 1)).val(data.authors[i][1]);
				} else {
					coauthors = [];
					for (j = i; j &lt; data.authors.length; j++) {
						coauthors.push(data.authors[j].join(', '));
					}
					$('.' + cl + 'coauthors').val(coauthors.join('; '));
					break;
				}
			}
		} else if ($('.' + cl + 'author1').length !== 0) {
			for (i = 0; data.authors &amp;&amp; i &lt; data.authors.length; i++) {
				if ($('.' + cl + 'author' + (i + 1)).length) {
					$('.' + cl + 'author' + (i + 1)).val(data.authors[i].join(', '));
				} else {
					coauthors = [];
					for (j = i; j &lt; data.authors.length; j++) {
						coauthors.push(data.authors[j].join(', '));
					}
					$('.' + cl + 'coauthors').val(coauthors.join('; '));
					break;
				}
			}
		} else {
			var authors = [];
			for (i = 0; data.authors &amp;&amp; i &lt; data.authors.length; i++) {
				authors.push(data.authors[i].join(', '));
			}
			$('.' + cl + 'authors').val(authors.join('; '));
		}
	}

	// Format partial dates of the format YYYY-MM, YYYY-MM-XX, or YYYY-MM-DD correctly
	if (data.date) {
		try {
			var DT = new Date(data.date);
			if (/^\d{4}-\d{2}(-XX)?$/i.test(data.date)) {
				data.date = data.date.replace('-XX', '');
				$('.' + cl + 'date').val(CiteTB.formatDate(DT, false, true));
			} else if (/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}?/i.test(data.date)) {
				$('.' + cl + 'date').val(CiteTB.formatDate(DT, true, true));
			} else {
				$('.' + cl + 'date').val(data.date);
			}
		} catch (e) {
		}
	} else {
		$('.' + cl + 'date').val(data.date);
	}

	if (type === 'pmid' || type === 'doi') {
		$('.' + cl + 'journal').val(data.journal);
		$('.' + cl + 'volume').val(data.volume);
		$('.' + cl + 'issue').val(data.issue);
		$('.' + cl + 'pages').val(data.pages);
		if (type === 'pmid' &amp;&amp; data.doi) {
			$('.' + cl + 'doi').val(data.doi);
		}
	} else if (type === 'isbn') {
		$('.' + cl + 'publisher').val(data.publisher);
		$('.' + cl + 'location').val(data.location);
		$('.' + cl + 'edition').val(data.edition);
	} else if (type === 'url') {
		$('.' + cl + 'journal').val(data.journal);
		$('.' + cl + 'volume').val(data.volume);
		$('.' + cl + 'issue').val(data.issue);
		$('.' + cl + 'pages').val(data.pages);
		$('.' + cl + 'publisher').val(data.publisher);
		$('.' + cl + 'edition').val(data.edition);
		$('.' + cl + 'isbn').val(data.isbn);
		$('.' + cl + 'issn').val(data.issn);
		$('.' + cl + 'doi').val(data.doi);
		// &quot;en-US&quot; isn't a valid value for the language parameter
		if (data.language &amp;&amp; data.language !== 'en-US' &amp;&amp; data.language !== 'en-GB') {
			$('.' + cl + 'language').val(data.language);
		}
		$('.' + cl + 'chapter').val(data.chapter);
	}
};

// FORM DIALOG FUNCTIONS
// Add new incrementable fields
CiteTB.incrementFields = function () {
	template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var currentrow = $(this).parents('tr')[0];
	$(this).prev().css('width', '100%');
	$(this).detach();
	var elemid = $(this).attr('id');
	var res = /^cite\-incr\-(.*?)\-(.*)$/.exec(elemid);
	group = res[2];
	increments = template.incrementables[group];
	fields = increments.fields;
	incrval = increments.val + 1;
	template.incrementables[group].val += 1;
	trs = template.makeFormInner(fields, false);
	trs.reverse();
	for (var i = 0; i &lt; trs.length; i++) {
		$(currentrow).after(trs[i]);
	}
};

// fill the accessdate param with the current date
CiteTB.fillAccessdate = function () {
	var elemid = $(this).attr('id');
	var res = /^cite\-date\-(.*?)\-(.*)$/.exec(elemid);
	var id = res[1];
	var field = res[2];
	var DT = new Date();
	var datestr = CiteTB.formatDate(DT);
	$('#cite-' + id + '-' + field).val(datestr);
	return false;
};

CiteTB.formatDate = function (DT, useday, usemonth) {
	if (typeof useday == &quot;undefined&quot;) {
		useday = true;
	}
	if (typeof usemonth == &quot;undefined&quot;) {
		usemonth = true;
	}
	var datestr = CiteTB.getOption('date format');
	var zmonth = '';
	var month = DT.getUTCMonth() + 1;
	if (month &lt; 10) {
		zmonth = &quot;0&quot; + month.toString();
	} else {
		zmonth = month.toString();
	}
	month = month.toString();
	var zdate = '';
	var date = DT.getUTCDate();
	if (date &lt; 10) {
		zdate = &quot;0&quot; + date.toString();
	} else {
		zdate = date.toString();
	}
	date = date.toString();
	if (useday) {
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;date&gt;', date);
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;zdate&gt;', zdate);
	} else {
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;date&gt;', '');
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;zdate&gt;', '');
	}
	if (usemonth) {
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;month&gt;', month);
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;zmonth&gt;', zmonth);
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;monthname&gt;', CiteTB.getOption('months')[DT.getUTCMonth()]);
	} else {
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;month&gt;', '');
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;zmonth&gt;', '');
		datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;monthname&gt;', '');
	}
	datestr = datestr.replace('&lt;year&gt;', DT.getUTCFullYear().toString());
	return datestr.replace(/^[ \/\-\,\.]*(.*?)[ \/\-\,\.]*$/g, &quot;$1&quot;); // Cleanup any dangling spaces or connectors that might result from omitting date/month
};

// Function called after the ref list is loaded, to actually set the contents of the named ref dialog
// Until the list is loaded, its just a &quot;Loading&quot; placeholder
CiteTB.setupNamedRefs = function () {
	var names = [], i;
	for (i = 0; i &lt; CiteTB.mainRefList.length; i++) {
		if (!CiteTB.mainRefList[i].shorttag &amp;&amp; CiteTB.mainRefList[i].refname) {
			names.push(CiteTB.mainRefList[i]);
		}
	}
	var stuff = $('&lt;div&gt;');
	$('#citetoolbar-namedrefs').html(stuff);
	if (names.length === 0) {
		stuff.html(mw.messages.get('cite-no-namedrefs'));
	} else {
		stuff.html(mw.messages.get('cite-namedrefs-intro'));
		var select = $('&lt;select id=&quot;cite-namedref-select&quot;&gt;');
		select.append($('&lt;option value=&quot;&quot; /&gt;').text(mw.messages.get('cite-named-refs-dropdown')));
		for (i = 0; i &lt; names.length; i++) {
			select.append($('&lt;option /&gt;').text(names[i].refname));
		}
		stuff.after(select);
		select.before('&lt;br /&gt;');
		var prevlabel = $('&lt;div id=&quot;cite-nref-preview-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot; /&gt;').html(mw.messages.get('cite-raw-preview'));
		select.after(prevlabel);
		prevlabel.before(&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;);
		prevlabel.after('&lt;div id=&quot;cite-namedref-preview&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-size:110%&quot; /&gt;');
		var parselabel = $('&lt;span id=&quot;cite-parsed-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none;&quot; /&gt;').html(mw.messages.get('cite-parsed-label'));
		$('#cite-namedref-preview').after(parselabel);
		parselabel.after('&lt;div id=&quot;cite-namedref-parsed&quot; style=&quot;padding-bottom:0.5em; font-size:110%&quot; /&gt;');
		var link = $('&lt;a href=&quot;#&quot; id=&quot;cite-nref-parse&quot; style=&quot;margin:0 1em 0 1em; display:none; color:darkblue&quot; /&gt;');
		link.html(mw.messages.get('cite-form-parse'));
		$('#cite-namedref-parsed').after(link);

		$(&quot;#cite-namedref-select&quot;).on('change', CiteTB.namedRefSelectClick);
		$('#cite-nref-parse').on('click', CiteTB.nrefParseClick);
	}
};

// Function to get the errorcheck form HTML
CiteTB.setupErrorCheck = function () {
	var form = $('&lt;div id=&quot;cite-errorcheck-heading&quot; /&gt;').html(mw.messages.get('cite-errorcheck-heading'));
	var ul = $(&quot;&lt;ul id='cite-errcheck-list' /&gt;&quot;);
	var test;
	for (var t in CiteTB.ErrorChecks) {
		test = CiteTB.ErrorChecks[t];
		ul.append(test.getRow());
	}
	form.append(ul);
	$('#citetoolbar-errorcheck').html(form);
};

// Callback function for parsed preview
CiteTB.fillNrefPreview = function (parsed) {
	$('#cite-parsed-label').show();
	$('#cite-namedref-parsed').html(parsed);
};

// Click handler for the named-ref parsed preview
CiteTB.nrefParseClick = function () {
	var choice = $(&quot;#cite-namedref-select&quot;).val();
	if (choice === '') {
		$('#cite-parsed-label').hide();
		$('#cite-namedref-parsed').text('');
		return false;
	}
	$('#cite-nref-parse').hide();
	for (var i = 0; i &lt; CiteTB.mainRefList.length; i++) {
		if (!CiteTB.mainRefList[i].shorttag &amp;&amp; CiteTB.mainRefList[i].refname == choice) {
			CiteTB.parse(CiteTB.mainRefList[i].content, CiteTB.fillNrefPreview);
			return false;
		}
	}
};

// Click handler for the named-ref dropdown
CiteTB.lastnamedrefchoice = '';
CiteTB.namedRefSelectClick = function () {
	var choice = $(&quot;#cite-namedref-select&quot;).val();
	if (CiteTB.lastnamedrefchoice == choice) {
		return;
	}
	CiteTB.lastnamedrefchoice = choice;
	$('#cite-parsed-label').hide();
	$('#cite-namedref-parsed').text('');
	if (choice === '') {
		$('#cite-nref-preview-label').hide();
		$('#cite-namedref-preview').text('');
		$('#cite-nref-parse').hide();
		return;
	}
	for (var i = 0; i &lt; CiteTB.mainRefList.length; i++) {
		if (!CiteTB.mainRefList[i].shorttag &amp;&amp; CiteTB.mainRefList[i].refname == choice) {
			$('#cite-nref-preview-label').show();
			$('#cite-namedref-preview').text(CiteTB.mainRefList[i].content);
			if (CiteTB.getOption('autoparse')) {
				CiteTB.nrefParseClick();
			} else {
				$('#cite-nref-parse').show();
			}
		}
	}
};

// callback function for parsed preview
CiteTB.fillTemplatePreview = function (text) {
	var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var div = $(&quot;#citetoolbar-&quot; + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform));
	div.find('.cite-prev-parsed-label').show();
	div.find('.cite-preview-parsed').html(text);
};

// Click handler for template parsed preview
CiteTB.prevParseClick = function () {
	var ref = CiteTB.getRef(true, false);
	var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var div = $(&quot;#citetoolbar-&quot; + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform));
	div.find('.cite-prev-parse').hide();
	CiteTB.parse(ref, CiteTB.fillTemplatePreview);
};

// Show/hide the extra fields in the dialog box
CiteTB.showHideExtra = function () {
	var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var div = $(&quot;#citetoolbar-&quot; + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform));
	var setting = div.find(&quot;.cite-form-status&quot;).val();
	if (setting === 'closed') {
		div.find(&quot;.cite-form-status&quot;).val('open');
		div.find('.cite-extra-fields').show(1, function () {
			// jQuery adds &quot;display:block&quot;, which screws things up
			div.find('.cite-extra-fields').attr('style', 'width:100%; background-color:transparent;');
		});
	} else {
		div.find(&quot;.cite-form-status&quot;).val('closed');
		div.find('.cite-extra-fields').hide();
	}
};

// Resets form fields and previews
CiteTB.resetForm = function () {
	var template = CiteTB.getOpenTemplate();
	var div = $(&quot;#citetoolbar-&quot; + CiteTB.escStr(template.shortform));
	div.html(template.getForm());
};

// STRING UTILITY FUNCTIONS
// Returns a string quoted as necessary for name/group attributes
CiteTB.getQuotedString = function (s) {
	var sq = /\'/.test(s); // single quotes
	var dq = /\&quot;/.test(s); // double quotes
	if (!sq &amp;&amp; !dq) { // Always quotes for non-latin alphabet
		return '&quot;' + s + '&quot;';
	} else if (!dq) { // Can use double quotes
		return '&quot;' + s + '&quot;';
	} else if (!sq) { // Can use single quotes
		return &quot;'&quot; + s + &quot;'&quot;;
	} else { // Has double and single quotes
		s = s.replace(/\&quot;/g, '\'');
		return '&quot;' + s + '&quot;';
	}
};

// Fix up strings for output - capitalize first char, replace underscores with spaces
CiteTB.fixStr = function (s) {
	s = s.slice(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1);
	s = s.replace('_', ' ');
	return s;
};

// Escape spaces and quotes for use in HTML classes/ids
CiteTB.escStr = function (s) {
	return s.replace(' ', '-').replace(&quot;'&quot;, &quot;\'&quot;).replace('&quot;', '\&quot;');
};

// MISC FUNCTIONS
// Determine which template form is open, and get the template object for it
CiteTB.getOpenTemplate = function () {
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      <sha1>73h27y78hiv3c9gjt3yzzkavrpcpbmh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Proveesional Erse Republican Airmy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>223465</id>
    <redirect title="Irish Republican Army" />
    <revision>
      <id>927969</id>
      <parentid>795100</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T23:09:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
        <id>6792</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Irish Republican Army]]</comment>
      <origin>927969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="pl2m13rt3ou2uk4jbce4crc48mbt25e" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Irish Republican Army]]</text>
      <sha1>pl2m13rt3ou2uk4jbce4crc48mbt25e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Provos</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>223469</id>
    <redirect title="Irish Republican Army" />
    <revision>
      <id>927972</id>
      <parentid>795094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T23:09:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
        <id>6792</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixin dooble reguidal til [[Irish Republican Army]]</comment>
      <origin>927972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="pl2m13rt3ou2uk4jbce4crc48mbt25e" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Irish Republican Army]]</text>
      <sha1>pl2m13rt3ou2uk4jbce4crc48mbt25e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/sandbox/Listeria</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>228642</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927768</id>
      <parentid>925716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:58:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>30924</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>927768</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="247984" sha1="4qkvadijfw3nq9bww1h9yh8gs9ydpji" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?article ?P31 ?P31Label where
{
  hint:Query hint:optimizer &quot;None&quot;.
  SERVICE wikibase:mwapi {
     bd:serviceParam wikibase:endpoint &quot;sco.wikipedia.org&quot;;
                     wikibase:api &quot;Generator&quot;;
                     mwapi:generator &quot;categorymembers&quot;;
                     mwapi:gcmtitle &quot;Category:Pages that wis written by a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid&quot; ;         # specifically here
                     mwapi:gcmprop &quot;ids|title|type&quot;;
                     mwapi:gcmlimit &quot;max&quot;.
     # out
     ?article wikibase:apiOutput mwapi:title.        # en-wikipedia article / category name
     ?item wikibase:apiOutputItem mwapi:item.        # wikidata QId for the article
    }
  filter(bound(?item))
  optional {?item wdt:P31 ?P31 . }
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en&quot;. }
}
|columns=?item,?itemLabel,?article,?P31,?P31Label
|section=131
|min_section=3
|sort=label
|links=text
|thumb=128
|autolist=fallback
|summary=itemnumber
|wdedit=yes
}}


== Azerbaijan ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q269680'
| [[Astara Rayon]]
| Astara District
| Astara Rayon
| district of Azerbaijan
| district of Azerbaijan
|- class='wd_q457513'
| [[Kalbajar Rayon]]
| Kalbajar District
| Kalbajar Rayon
| district of Azerbaijan
| district of Azerbaijan
|- class='wd_q688626'
| [[Lerik Rayon]]
| Lerik District
| Lerik Rayon
| district of Azerbaijan
| district of Azerbaijan
|- class='wd_q593872'
| [[Qabala Rayon]]
| Qabala District
| Qabala Rayon
| district of Azerbaijan
| district of Azerbaijan
|}


== Bangkok ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q534226'
| [[Bang Bon Destrict]]
| Bang Bon
| Bang Bon Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q806445'
| [[Bang Kapi Destrict]]
| Bang Kapi
| Bang Kapi Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q806443'
| [[Bang Khen Destrict]]
| Bang Khen
| Bang Khen Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q806446'
| [[Bang Kho Laem Destrict]]
| Bang Kho Laem
| Bang Kho Laem Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q806448'
| [[Bang Na Destrict]]
| Bang Na
| Bang Na Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1001823'
| [[Bueng Kum Destrict]]
| Bueng Kum
| Bueng Kum Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019598'
| [[Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok|Chom Thong Destrict]]
| Chom Thong
| Chom Thong Destrict, Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1975222'
| [[Huai Khwang Destrict]]
| Huai Khwang
| Huai Khwang Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019432'
| [[Khan Na Yao Destrict]]
| Khan Na Yao
| Khan Na Yao Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1740651'
| [[Khlong Sam Wa Destrict]]
| Khlong Sam Wa
| Khlong Sam Wa Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1403340'
| [[Khlong Toei Destrict]]
| Khlong Toei
| Khlong Toei Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1008352'
| [[Lak Si Destrict]]
| Lak Si
| Lak Si Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q999094'
| [[Lat Phrao Destrict]]
| Lat Phrao
| Lat Phrao Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1936178'
| [[Min Buri Destrict]]
| Min Buri
| Min Buri Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1839285'
| [[Nong Chok Destrict]]
| Nong Chok
| Nong Chok Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q473316'
| [[Phra Khanong Destrict]]
| Phra Khanong
| Phra Khanong Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019626'
| [[Prawet Destrict]]
| Prawet
| Prawet Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019633'
| [[Rat Burana Destrict]]
| Rat Burana
| Rat Burana Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1025969'
| [[Sai Mai Destrict]]
| Sai Mai
| Sai Mai Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019420'
| [[Saphan Sung Destrict]]
| Saphan Sung
| Saphan Sung Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019611'
| [[Suan Luang Destrict]]
| Suan Luang
| Suan Luang Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1972732'
| [[Thung Khru Destrict]]
| Thung Khru
| Thung Khru Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|- class='wd_q1019651'
| [[Yan Nawa Destrict]]
| Yan Nawa
| Yan Nawa Destrict
| district of Bangkok
| district of Bangkok
|}


== Californie ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q104994'
| [[Los Angeles Coonty]]
| Los Angeles County
| Los Angeles Coonty
| charter county of California
| charter county of California
|- class='wd_q5925'
| [[Orange Coonty, Californie|Orange Coonty]]
| Orange County
| Orange Coonty, Californie
| charter county of California
| charter county of California
|- class='wd_q62'
| [[San Francisco]]
| San Francisco
| San Francisco
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;sanctuary city&lt;br/&gt;charter ceety an coonty (Californie)
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;sanctuary city&lt;br/&gt;charter city and county
|}


== Central District ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q331078'
| [[Amol]]
| Amol
| Amol
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
|- class='wd_q158928'
| [[Bushehr]]
| Bushehr
| Bushehr
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
|- class='wd_q180078'
| [[Kermanshah]]
| Kermanshah
| Kermanshah
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of Iran
|- class='wd_q170573'
| [[Qom]]
| Qom
| Qom
| city of Iran
| city of Iran
|}


== Dumfries an Gallowa ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q606739'
| [[Clan Agnew]]
| Clan Agnew
| Clan Agnew
| [[Faimily|faimlie]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Scots clan]]
| family&lt;br/&gt;Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q652035'
| [[Dumfries]]
| Dumfries
| Dumfries
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;large burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;large burgh
|- class='wd_q16893264'
| [[Kenmure Castle]]
| Kenmure Castle
| Kenmure Castle
| [[castle]]
| castle
|- class='wd_q1853868'
| [[Mull o Gallowa]]
| Mull of Galloway
| Mull o Gallowa
| headland
| headland
|- class='wd_q24639097'
| [[Polharrow Burn]]
| Polharrow Burn
| Polharrow Burn
| burn
| stream
|- class='wd_q7333403'
| [[Rigg railwey station]]
| Rigg railway station
| Rigg railwey station
| railway station
| railway station
|- class='wd_q67184386'
| [[St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire]]
| St Martin and St Ninian Catholic Church
| St Martin an' St Ninian Catholic Church, Whithorn, Wigtownshire
| [[kirk]]
| church building
|- class='wd_q2445404'
| [[Whithorn Priory]]
| Whithorn Priory
| Whithorn Priory
| priory
| priory
|}


== Glasgow City ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q13495014'
| [[Crosshill|Croashull]]
| Crosshill
| Crosshill
| destrict
| district
|- class='wd_q1966112'
| [[Cruixtoun Castle]]
| Crookston Castle
| Cruixtoun Castle
| tower house&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site&lt;br/&gt;ringwork castle
| tower house&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site&lt;br/&gt;ringwork castle
|- class='wd_q5600557'
| [[Greater Glesga]]
| Greater Glasgow
| Greater Glesga
| [[Urban area|urban aurie]]
| urban area
|- class='wd_q7592311'
| [[St Aloysius' College, Glesga]]
| St Aloysius' College
| St Aloysius' College, Glesga
| seicontary schuil&lt;br/&gt;nan-profit organisation&lt;br/&gt;Catholic school
| secondary school&lt;br/&gt;nonprofit organization&lt;br/&gt;Catholic school
|- class='wd_q233283'
| [[West Highland Line]]
| West Highland Line
| West Highland Line
| railway line
| railway line
|}


== Hieland ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q2423015'
| [[Argye]]
| Ardgay
| Argye
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q1016920'
| [[Dornach]]
| Dornoch
| Dornach
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q2464541'
| [[Dunbeath]]
| Dunbeath
| Dunbeath
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q1232135'
| [[Far North Line]]
| Far North Line
| Far North Line
| railway line
| railway line
|- class='wd_q1426707'
| [[Fort George, Hieland|Fort George]]
| Fort George
| Fort George, Hieland
| barracks&lt;br/&gt;fort&lt;br/&gt;military museum
| barracks&lt;br/&gt;fort&lt;br/&gt;military museum
|- class='wd_q260405'
| [[Glenelg]]
| Glenelg
| Glenelg
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q160493'
| [[Innerness]]
| Inverness
| Innerness
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;large burgh
| city&lt;br/&gt;large burgh
|- class='wd_q939913'
| [[Kyle o Lochalsh]]
| Kyle of Lochalsh
| Kyle o Lochalsh
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q586470'
| [[Kyle of Lochalsh line]]
| Kyle of Lochalsh Line
| Kyle of Lochalsh line
| railway line&lt;br/&gt;ELR railway line section
| railway line&lt;br/&gt;ELR railway line section
|- class='wd_q1018747'
| [[Lochinver]]
| Lochinver
| Lochinver
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q987766'
| [[The Groats]]
| John o' Groats
| The Groats
| human settlement
| human settlement
|}


== Japan ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q127864'
| [[Chūgoku region]]
| Chūgoku region
| Chūgoku region
| region of Japan&lt;br/&gt;stateestical region
| region of Japan&lt;br/&gt;statistical territorial entity
|- class='wd_q48326'
| [[Iwate Prefectur]]
| Iwate Prefecture
| Iwate Prefectur
| [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]]
| prefecture of Japan
|- class='wd_q160420'
| [[Saga Prefectur]]
| Saga Prefecture
| Saga Prefectur
| [[Prefecturs o Japan|prefectur o Japan]]
| prefecture of Japan
|}


== Jeollabuk-do ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q50246'
| [[Buan]]
| Buan County
| Buan
| coonty o Sooth Korea
| county of South Korea
|- class='wd_q42074'
| [[Gunsan]]
| Gunsan
| Gunsan
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of South Korea
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of South Korea
|- class='wd_q50242'
| [[Muju]]
| Muju County
| Muju
| coonty o Sooth Korea
| county of South Korea
|}


== Manhattan ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q6523155'
| [[Malcolm X Boulevard]]
| Malcolm X Boulevard
| Malcolm X Boulevard
| street&lt;br/&gt;north-south avenue in Manhattan
| street&lt;br/&gt;north-south avenue in Manhattan
|- class='wd_q11690'
| [[Wall Street]]
| Wall Street
| Wall Street
| street
| street
|- class='wd_q11235'
| [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]
| World Trade Center
| World Trade Center (1973–2001)
| building complex&lt;br/&gt;destroyed building or structure
| building complex&lt;br/&gt;destroyed building or structure
|}


== Maricopa County ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q51686'
| [[Peoria, Arizona|Peoria]]
| Peoria
| Peoria, Arizona
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q16556'
| [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]
| Phoenix
| Phoenix, Arizona
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city in Arizona
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;city in Arizona
|- class='wd_q51685'
| [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]]
| Tempe
| Tempe, Arizona
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|}


== Montgomery County ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q328941'
| [[Clarksville, Tennessee|Clarksville]]
| Clarksville
| Clarksville, Tennessee
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q755844'
| [[Potomac, Maryland|Potomac]]
| Potomac
| Potomac, Maryland
| [[census-designated place]]&lt;br/&gt;unincorporatit commonty
| census-designated place in the United States&lt;br/&gt;unincorporated community
|- class='wd_q754646'
| [[South Kensington, Maryland|South Kensington]]
| South Kensington
| South Kensington, Maryland
| [[census-designated place]]
| census-designated place in the United States
|}


== Moray ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q1013606'
| [[Burgheid]]
| Burghead
| Burgheid
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q5015800'
| [[Cabrach]]
| Cabrach
| Cabrach
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q1969309'
| [[Cullen, Moray|Cullen]]
| Cullen
| Cullen, Moray
| [[veelage]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| village&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q8313107'
| [[River Aan]]
| River Avon
| River Aan
| [[river]]
| river
|}


== New York Ceety ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q18419'
| [[Brooklyn]]
| Brooklyn
| Brooklyn
| borough o New York Ceety
| borough of New York City
|- class='wd_q18424'
| [[Queens]]
| Queens
| Queens
| borough o New York Ceety&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| borough of New York City&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|- class='wd_q18426'
| [[The Bronx]]
| The Bronx
| The Bronx
| borough o New York Ceety&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| borough of New York City&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|}


== Roushie ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q7730'
| [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]
| Jewish Autonomous Oblast
| Jewish Autonomous Oblast
| [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Autonomous oblasts o Roushie]]
| federal subject of Russia&lt;br/&gt;autonomous oblast of Russia
|- class='wd_q649'
| [[Moscow]]
| Moscow
| Moscow
| [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[Federal ceeties o Roushie]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;caipital o Roushie&lt;br/&gt;city or town&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| federal subject of Russia&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;federal city of Russia&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;capital of Russia&lt;br/&gt;city or town&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q6605'
| [[Sakha Republic]]
| Sakha
| Sakha Republic
| [[Republics o Roushie]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]
| republic of Russia&lt;br/&gt;federal subject of Russia
|}


== Scotland ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q627381'
| [[Bank o Scotland|Bank of Scotland]]
| Bank of Scotland
| Bank o Scotland
| [[bank]]&lt;br/&gt;private central bank
| bank&lt;br/&gt;private central bank
|- class='wd_q5566918'
| [[Glasgow South Western Line]]
| Glasgow South Western Line
| Glasgow South Western Line
| railway line
| railway line
|- class='wd_q2269514'
| [[Gàidhealtachd]]
| Gàidhealtachd
| Gàidhealtachd
| linguistic region
| linguistic region
|- class='wd_q17582096'
| [[Kirkcoubrieshire]]
| Kirkcudbrightshire
| Kirkcoubrieshire
| [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Scots coonties]]&lt;br/&gt;registration county&lt;br/&gt;historic county of the United Kingdom
| lieutenancy area of Scotland&lt;br/&gt;shire of Scotland&lt;br/&gt;registration county&lt;br/&gt;historic county of the United Kingdom
|- class='wd_q3007259'
| [[Scots cultur]]
| culture of Scotland
| Scots cultur
| culture of an area
| culture of an area
|}


== Unitit States ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q173'
| [[Alabama]]
| Alabama
| Alabama
| [[state o the Unitit States]]
| U.S. state
|- class='wd_q1384'
| [[New York]]
| New York
| New York
| [[state o the Unitit States]]
| U.S. state
|- class='wd_q1183'
| [[Puerto Rico]]
| Puerto Rico
| Puerto Rico
| Insular aurie&lt;br/&gt;commonwealth&lt;br/&gt;unincorporatit territory o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;poleetical diveesion&lt;br/&gt;territory o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;cultural region&lt;br/&gt;Provincial deputation in Spanish America
| insular area of the United States&lt;br/&gt;commonwealth&lt;br/&gt;unincorporated territory of the United States&lt;br/&gt;political territorial entity&lt;br/&gt;territory of the United States&lt;br/&gt;cultural region&lt;br/&gt;Provincial deputation in Spanish America
|- class='wd_q1456'
| [[Sooth Carolina]]
| South Carolina
| Sooth Carolina
| [[state o the Unitit States]]
| U.S. state
|}


== Washington, D.C. ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q5303341'
| [[Downtown, Washington, D.C.|Downtown]]
| Downtown Washington
| Downtown, Washington, D.C.
| neighbourhuid&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
| neighborhood&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
|- class='wd_q1468648'
| [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]]
| Georgetown
| Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
| neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
| neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
|- class='wd_q8033060'
| [[Woodley Park]]
| Woodley Park
| Woodley Park
| neighborhood of Washington, D.C.&lt;br/&gt;historic district
| neighborhood of Washington, D.C.&lt;br/&gt;historic district
|}


== Île-de-France ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q12543'
| [[Hauts-de-Seine]]
| Hauts-de-Seine
| Hauts-de-Seine
| [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]]
| department of France
|- class='wd_q12753'
| [[Seine-et-Marne]]
| Seine-et-Marne
| Seine-et-Marne
| [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]]
| department of France
|- class='wd_q12761'
| [[Seine-Saint-Denis]]
| Seine-Saint-Denis
| Seine-Saint-Denis
| [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]]
| department of France
|- class='wd_q12784'
| [[Val-d'Oise]]
| Val-d'Oise
| Val-d'Oise
| [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment o Fraunce]]
| department of France
|}


== Misc ==
{| class='wikitable sortable wd_can_edit'
! ?item
! ?itemLabel
! ?article
! ?P31
! ?P31Label
|- class='wd_q7584'
| [[1832]]
| 1832
| 1832
| leap year&lt;br/&gt;leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
| leap year&lt;br/&gt;leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
|- class='wd_q2083'
| [[1914]]
| 1914
| 1914
| common year starting and ending on Thursday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
| common year starting and ending on Thursday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
|- class='wd_q1769170'
| [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]]
| 1985 World Snooker Championship
| 1985 Warld Snooker Championship
| snooker tournament
| snooker tournament
|- class='wd_q1990'
| [[2012]]
| 2012
| 2012
| leap year&lt;br/&gt;leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
| leap year&lt;br/&gt;leap year starting on Sunday and ending on Monday&lt;br/&gt;calendar year
|- class='wd_q9177257'
| [[2013 Warld Snooker Championship]]
| 2013 World Snooker Championship
| 2013 Warld Snooker Championship
| world championship&lt;br/&gt;snooker tournament
| world championship&lt;br/&gt;snooker tournament
|- class='wd_q79859'
| [[2014 FIFA Warld Cup]]
| 2014 FIFA World Cup
| 2014 FIFA Warld Cup
| sports season
| sports season
|- class='wd_q23365300'
| [[2016 Brussels bombins]]
| 2016 Brussels bombings
| 2016 Brussels bombins
| [[mass murther]]&lt;br/&gt;terrorist attack&lt;br/&gt;suicide bombing
| mass murder&lt;br/&gt;terrorist attack&lt;br/&gt;suicide bombing
|- class='wd_q65069964'
| [[2019 Champion o Champions]]
| 2019 Champion of Champions
| 2019 Champion o Champions
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q64341987'
| [[2019 Riga Masters]]
| 2019 Riga Masters
| 2019 Riga Masters
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q60796047'
| [[2019 UK Championship]]
| 2019 UK Championship
| 2019 UK Championship
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q66424302'
| [[2019 Warld Open]]
| 2019 World Open
| 2019 Warld Open
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q98073118'
| [[2020 Beirut explosions]]
| 2020 Beirut explosions
| 2020 Beirut explosions
| explosion&lt;br/&gt;industrial fire&lt;br/&gt;industrial disaster
| explosion&lt;br/&gt;industrial fire&lt;br/&gt;industrial disaster
|- class='wd_q67123915'
| [[2020 Breetish Grand Prix]]
| 2020 British Grand Prix
| 2020 Breetish Grand Prix
| recurring sporting event edition
| recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q95150550'
| [[2020 Championship League]]
| 2020 Championship League
| 2020 Championship League
| snooker tournament
| snooker tournament
|- class='wd_q60774824'
| [[2020 Masters (snooker)]]
| 2020 Masters
| 2020 Masters (snooker)
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q67123908'
| [[2020 Spaingie Grand Prix]]
| 2020 Spanish Grand Prix
| 2020 Spaingie Grand Prix
| sports season&lt;br/&gt;postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic
| sports season&lt;br/&gt;postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic
|- class='wd_q22923830'
| [[2020 Unitit States presidential election]]
| 2020 United States presidential election
| 2020 Unitit States presidential election
| Unitit States presidential election
| United States presidential election
|- class='wd_q106086340'
| [[2022–23 UEFA Champions League]]
| 2022–23 UEFA Champions League
| 2022–23 UEFA Champions League
| edition of the UEFA Champions League
| edition of the UEFA Champions League
|- class='wd_q2705'
| [[24 December]]
| December 24
| 24 December
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
|- class='wd_q2820'
| [[26 August]]
| August 26
| 26 August
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
|- class='wd_q2931'
| [[3 October]]
| October 3
| 3 October
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
|- class='wd_q2622'
| [[5 Juin]]
| June 5
| 5 Juin
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
| point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe
|- class='wd_q638903'
| [[5 October 1910 revolution]]
| 5 October 1910 revolution
| 5 October 1910 revolution
| [[coup d'état]]
| coup d'état
|- class='wd_q96088886'
| [[70t Anniversary Grand Prix]]
| 70th Anniversary Grand Prix
| 70t Anniversary Grand Prix
| Formula One Grand Prix&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| Formula One Grand Prix&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q170315'
| [[Abbottabad]]
| Abbottabad
| Abbottabad
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;union council of Pakistan
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;union council of Pakistan
|- class='wd_q5111'
| [[Abkhaz leid]]
| Abkhaz
| Abkhaz leid
| natural language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
| natural language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
|- class='wd_q273866'
| [[Abolhassan Banisadr]]
| Abolhassan Banisadr
| Abolhassan Banisadr
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q215833'
| [[Abraham Joshua Heschel]]
| Abraham Joshua Heschel
| Abraham Joshua Heschel
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q23357'
| [[Abraham Maslow]]
| Abraham Maslow
| Abraham Maslow
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2821724'
| [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]
| Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
| Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q289168'
| [[AC Cobra]]
| AC Cobra
| AC Cobra
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q130955'
| [[Acanthodii]]
| Acanthodii
| Acanthodii
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q25507'
| [[Accept]]
| Accept
| Accept
| muisic baund&lt;br/&gt;heavy metal band
| musical group&lt;br/&gt;heavy metal band
|- class='wd_q638202'
| [[Accuracy International Arctic Warfare]]
| Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
| Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
| firearm model
| firearm model
|- class='wd_q158785'
| [[Acer campestre]]
| Q158785
| Acer campestre
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156944'
| [[Acer pseudoplatanus]]
| Q156944
| Acer pseudoplatanus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q481907'
| [[Acinonyx]]
| Acinonyx
| Acinonyx
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q38545'
| [[Adana]]
| Adana
| Adana
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;metropolitan municipality in Turkey&lt;br/&gt;large city
| city&lt;br/&gt;metropolitan municipality in Turkey&lt;br/&gt;large city
|- class='wd_q190154'
| [[addax]]
| Addax nasomaculatus
| Addax
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q877127'
| [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar|Admeenistrative diveesions o Burma]]
| administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar
| Admeenistrative diveesions o Myanmar
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q203323'
| [[admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine]]
| administrative territorial entity of Ukraine
| Admeenistrative diveesions o Ukraine
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q379393'
| [[Advanced bylin watter reactor]]
| advanced boiling water reactor
| Advanced bylin watter reactor
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q379573'
| [[Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor]]
| advanced gas-cooled reactor
| Advanced Gas-cuiled Reactor
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q49085'
| [[African Americans|African American]]
| African Americans
| African Americans
| [[ethnic group]]&lt;br/&gt;ethnic community&lt;br/&gt;ethnic group by residency
| ethnic group&lt;br/&gt;ethnic community&lt;br/&gt;ethnic group by residency
|- class='wd_q160042'
| [[African buffalo]]
| African buffalo
| African buffalo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q36557'
| [[African bush elephant]]
| African bush elephant
| African bush elephant
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q192231'
| [[African gowden cat]]
| Profelis aurata
| African gowden cat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q328082'
| [[Afrosoricida]]
| Afrosoricida
| Afrosoricida
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27399'
| [[Afrotheria]]
| Afrotheria
| Afrotheria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q390456'
| [[Agaricus]]
| Agaricus
| Agaricus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q234529'
| [[Agaricus campestris]]
| Agaricus campestris
| Agaricus campestris
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;edible mushroom
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;edible mushroom
|- class='wd_q133808'
| [[Agustín de Iturbide]]
| Agustín I of Mexico
| Agustín de Iturbide
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q46798'
| [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| Ahmed Shahe Durrani
| Ahmad Shah Durrani
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2715844'
| [[aikraw]]
| Lobaria scrobiculata
| Aikraw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q264849'
| [[Aileen Wuornos]]
| Aileen Wuornos
| Aileen Wuornos
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q6475'
| [[Airbus A320 faimily]]
| Airbus A320 family
| Airbus A320 faimily
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q6478'
| [[Airbus A330]]
| Airbus A330
| Airbus A330
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q1063287'
| [[Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie]]
| Saudi Arabian Armed Forces
| Airmed Forces o Saudi Arabie
| armed forces
| armed forces
|- class='wd_q47059'
| [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]
| Aishwarya Rai
| Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q169527'
| [[Ajax]]
| Ajax
| Ajax
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q506658'
| [[Ajloun Govrenorate]]
| Ajloun Governorate
| Ajloun Govrenorate
| [[Govrenorates o Jordan]]
| governorate of Jordan
|- class='wd_q472753'
| [[Akhal-Teke]]
| Akhal-Teke
| Akhal-Teke
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q1872285'
| [[Akita]]
| Akita
| Akita
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q485056'
| [[Akmola Region|Akmola Province]]
| Akmola Region
| Akmola Region
| [[Regions o Kazakhstan]]
| region of Kazakhstan
|- class='wd_q1046645'
| [[Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait)|Al Asimah Govrenorate]]
| Capital Governorate
| Al Asimah Govrenorate (Kuwait)
| [[govrenorates o Kuwait]]
| governorate of Kuwait
|- class='wd_q32841'
| [[Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict]]
| Jabal al Akhdar
| Al Jabal al Akhdar Destrict
| [[Destricts o Libie]]
| district of Libya
|- class='wd_q12192963'
| [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]]
| Al-Aqsa Mosque
| Al-Aqsa Mosque
| [[mosque]]&lt;br/&gt;musalla&lt;br/&gt;congregational mosque&lt;br/&gt;sacred place
| mosque&lt;br/&gt;musalla&lt;br/&gt;congregational mosque&lt;br/&gt;sacred place
|- class='wd_q311336'
| [[Al-Awja]]
| Al-Awja
| Al-Awja
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q34490'
| [[Al-Qaeda]]
| Al-Qaeda
| Al-Qaeda
| terrorist organization&lt;br/&gt;armed organization
| terrorist organization&lt;br/&gt;armed organization
|- class='wd_q575774'
| [[Al-Safira]]
| Al-Safira
| Al-Safira
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;[[veelage]]&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
| city&lt;br/&gt;village&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
|- class='wd_q209496'
| [[Alawites]]
| Alawites
| Alawites
| sect&lt;br/&gt;religious group
| sect&lt;br/&gt;religious group
|- class='wd_q35517'
| [[Alces alces]]
| moose
| Alces alces
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q205972'
| [[alcohol intoxication]]
| alcohol intoxication
| Alcohol intoxication
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q156'
| [[Alcohol|alcohols]]
| alcohols
| Alcohol
| structural class of chemical entities
| structural class of chemical entities
|- class='wd_q37064'
| [[Alexander Fleming]]
| Alexander Fleming
| Alexander Fleming
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q207384'
| [[Alexander I o Yugoslavie]]
| Alexander I of Yugoslavia
| Alexander I o Yugoslavie
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q620732'
| [[Alexander Tarasov]]
| Alexander Tarasov
| Alexander Tarasov
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q38337'
| [[Alexandre Dumas]]
| Alexandre Dumas
| Alexandre Dumas
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q188128'
| [[Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov]]
| Alexei Abrikosov
| Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q183372'
| [[Alfred North Whitehead]]
| Alfred North Whitehead
| Alfred North Whitehead
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2466508'
| [[Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton]]
| Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton
| Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno Canton
| canton of Ecuador
| canton of Ecuador
|- class='wd_q2090350'
| [[Ali Dilem]]
| Ali Dilem
| Ali Dilem
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q257106'
| [[alicreesh]]
| liquorice
| Alicreesh
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q19563'
| [[Alkaline yird metal]]
| alkaline earth metal
| Alkaline yird metal
| group&lt;br/&gt;main group
| group&lt;br/&gt;main group
|- class='wd_q162442'
| [[Prayagraj|Allahabad]]
| Prayagraj
| Prayagraj
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q81564'
| [[alpaca]]
| alpaca
| Alpaca
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q58430'
| [[Alternator]]
| alternator
| Alternator
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q663'
| [[Alumeenium|aluminium]]
| aluminium
| Alumeenium
| [[Chemical element|element]]&lt;br/&gt;lithophile element
| chemical element&lt;br/&gt;lithophile element
|- class='wd_q11081'
| [[Alzheimer's tribble|Alzheimer's disease]]
| Alzheimer's disease
| Alzheimer's tribble
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q80563'
| [[Amalfi]]
| Amalfi
| Amalfi
| comune o Italy
| comune of Italy
|- class='wd_q454135'
| [[Amanda Sandrelli]]
| Amanda Sandrelli
| Amanda Sandrelli
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q213938'
| [[Amanita]]
| Amanita
| Amanita
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q574014'
| [[Amaro Pargo]]
| Amaro Rodríguez Felipe
| Amaro Pargo
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q10732549'
| [[Amealco de Bonfil]]
| Amealco de Bonfil Municipality
| Amealco de Bonfil
| [[Municipalities o Mexico]]
| municipality of Mexico
|- class='wd_q82728'
| [[American bison]]
| American bison
| American bison
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q122783'
| [[American black beir]]
| American black bear
| American black beir
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q228002'
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| Ammonoidea
| Ammonoidea
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q161568'
| [[Ammophila arenaria]]
| Ammophila arenaria
| Ammophila arenaria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48403'
| [[Amritsar]]
| Amritsar
| Amritsar
| [[metropolis]]
| metropolis
|- class='wd_q36216'
| [[An Nawfaliyah]]
| Nofaliya
| An Nawfaliyah
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q161153'
| [[Anacamptis morio]]
| Anacamptis morio
| Anacamptis morio
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q214264'
| [[Anas]]
| Anas
| Anas
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q489798'
| [[Andalusie horse]]
| Andalusian horse
| Andalusie horse
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q170598'
| [[Andean condor]]
| Andean Condor
| Andean condor
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4756563'
| [[Andrew Carruthers]]
| Andrew Carruthers
| Andrew Carruthers
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q153330'
| [[Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor]]
| Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor
| Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q318508'
| [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]
| Q318508
| Andrés Manuel López Obrador
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q4761361'
| [[Andy Stewart (muisicker)|Andy Stewart]]
| Andy Stewart
| Andy Stewart (muisicker)
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q769218'
| [[Ang Mey]]
| Ang Mey
| Ang Mey
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q219666'
| [[Angelica]]
| Angelica
| Angelica
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23893984'
| [[Angelique Rockas]]
| Angelique Rockas
| Angelique Rockas
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q916'
| [[Angola|Angolae]]
| Angola
| Angola
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q128685'
| [[Eel|Anguilliformes]]
| Anguilliformes
| Eel
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q729'
| [[Animals|animal]]
| animal
| Animals
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;first-order class
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;first-order class
|- class='wd_q180439'
| [[Ankh]]
| ankh
| Ankh
| hieroglyph&lt;br/&gt;crosses in heraldry
| hieroglyph&lt;br/&gt;crosses in heraldry
|- class='wd_q25522'
| [[Annelid]]
| Annelida
| Annelid
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3736616'
| [[Annobón Province]]
| Annobón Province
| Annobón Province
| [[Provinces o Equatorial Guinea]]
| province of Equatorial Guinea
|- class='wd_q37395'
| [[Anomalocaris]]
| Anomalocaris
| Anomalocaris
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q573246'
| [[Anthony Fauci]]
| Anthony Fauci
| Anthony Fauci
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q192718'
| [[Anthony James Leggett]]
| Anthony James Leggett
| Anthony James Leggett
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q143313'
| [[Anthus trivialis]]
| Tree Pipit
| Anthus trivialis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5685'
| [[Anton Chekhov]]
| Anton Chekhov
| Anton Chekhov
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1429'
| [[Antoninus Pius]]
| Antoninus Pius
| Antoninus Pius
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q497'
| [[anus]]
| anus
| Anus
| class of anatomical entity
| class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q615767'
| [[Aokigahara]]
| Aokigahara
| Aokigahara
| [[forest]]
| forest
|- class='wd_q173756'
| [[Apocynaceae]]
| Q173756
| Apocynaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25950'
| [[Apodiformes]]
| Apodiformes
| Apodiformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q148929'
| [[Aquilegia vulgaris]]
| columbine
| Aquilegia vulgaris
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q35323'
| [[Arabs]]
| Arabs
| Arabs
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q48227'
| [[Araceae]]
| Araceae
| Araceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q12084'
| [[Araneomorphae]]
| Q12084
| Araneomorphae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q82738'
| [[Arctic tod]]
| Arctic fox
| Arctic tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q15043775'
| [[Arctiidae]]
| Arctiidae
| Arctiidae
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;synonym
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;synonym
|- class='wd_q414'
| [[Argenteinie]]
| Argentina
| Argenteinie
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;nation&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;confessional state&lt;br/&gt;country sometimes considered transcontinental
| country&lt;br/&gt;nation&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;confessional state&lt;br/&gt;country sometimes considered transcontinental
|- class='wd_q4792148'
| [[Arlene Foster]]
| Arlene Foster
| Arlene Foster
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q15771'
| [[Armavir, Armenie|Armavir]]
| Armavir
| Armavir, Armenie
| city or town in Armenia
| city or town in Armenia
|- class='wd_q68880'
| [[Arminius]]
| Arminius
| Arminius
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q77078'
| [[Arnold Sommerfeld]]
| Arnold Sommerfeld
| Arnold Sommerfeld
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q258528'
| [[Arsames]]
| Arsames
| Arsames
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q80596'
| [[Arthur Miller]]
| Arthur Miller
| Arthur Miller
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q178182'
| [[Asgard]]
| Asgard
| Asgard
| Norse mythical location
| Norse mythical location
|- class='wd_q182347'
| [[Asiatic lion]]
| Asiatic lion
| Asiatic lion
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q124410'
| [[Aisien black beir|Asie black beir]]
| Ursus thibetanus
| Aisien black beir
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q648422'
| [[Asio]]
| Asio
| Asio
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25769'
| [[Asio flammeus]]
| Short-eared Owl
| Asio flammeus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26229'
| [[Asparagales]]
| Asparagales
| Asparagales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q28367'
| [[Asparagus]]
| Asparagus officinalis
| Asparagus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q178450'
| [[Aspartic acid]]
| L-aspartic acid
| Aspartic acid
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q161790'
| [[Asperger syndrome]]
| Asperger syndrome
| Asperger syndrome
| disability&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
| disability&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
|- class='wd_q18216'
| [[Aspirin]]
| aspirin
| Aspirin
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q517130'
| [[Aster (genus)|Aster]]
| Aster
| Aster (genus)
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25400'
| [[Asteraceae]]
| Asteraceae
| Asteraceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21730'
| [[Asterales]]
| Q21730
| Asterales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q747502'
| [[Asterids]]
| Q747502
| Asterids
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q157184'
| [[Astragalus]]
| Astragalus
| Astragalus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2483481'
| [[Asunción Nochixtlán]]
| Asunción Nochixtlán
| Asunción Nochixtlán
| locality of Mexico
| locality of Mexico
|- class='wd_q203263'
| [[Athens, Georgie|Athens]]
| Athens
| Athens, Georgie
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Georgia
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Georgia
|- class='wd_q23809'
| [[atomic nummer]]
| atomic number
| Atomic nummer
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q758559'
| [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills]]
| Auburn Hills
| Auburn Hills, Michigan
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q8018'
| [[Augustinus]]
| Augustine of Hippo
| Augustinus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1382485'
| [[Auld Deer]]
| Old Deer
| Auld Deer
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q1136674'
| [[Auld San Juan]]
| Old San Juan Historic District
| Auld San Juan
| neighbourhuid&lt;br/&gt;[[Auld Toun]]&lt;br/&gt;fortified town&lt;br/&gt;historic district
| neighborhood&lt;br/&gt;old town&lt;br/&gt;fortified town&lt;br/&gt;historic district
|- class='wd_q676050'
| [[Auld Toun]]
| old town
| Auld Toun
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q182968'
| [[Auld Warld pug]]
| Q182968
| Auld Warld pug
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26864'
| [[Aurelia aurita]]
| Aurelia aurita
| Aurelia aurita
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q168903'
| [[aurochs]]
| aurochs
| Aurochs
| extinct taxon
| extinct taxon
|- class='wd_q28513'
| [[Austrick-Hungary]]
| Austria–Hungary
| Austrick-Hungary
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q6229'
| [[authoritarianism]]
| authoritarianism
| Authoritarianism
| [[poleetical seestem]]&lt;br/&gt;form o rule&lt;br/&gt;poleetical ideology
| political system&lt;br/&gt;form of government&lt;br/&gt;political ideology
|- class='wd_q41482'
| [[autopsy]]
| autopsy
| Autopsy
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q39837'
| [[Averroes]]
| Averroes
| Averroes
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q37153'
| [[Avocado]]
| Persea americana
| Avocado
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q43056'
| [[Axis pouers|Axis]]
| Axis Powers
| Axis pouers
| military alliance
| military alliance
|- class='wd_q22718'
| [[axolotl]]
| axolotl
| Axolotl
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;model organism
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;model organism
|- class='wd_q186778'
| [[aye-aye]]
| aye-aye
| Aye-aye
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q221503'
| [[Az Zawiyah]]
| Zawiya
| Az Zawiyah
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Libya
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Libya
|- class='wd_q211370'
| [[Baabda Destrict]]
| Baabda District
| Baabda Destrict
| [[Destricts o Lebanon]]
| district of Lebanon
|- class='wd_q15468'
| [[Badalona]]
| Badalona
| Badalona
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Catalonia
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Catalonia
|- class='wd_q188130'
| [[Baiji]]
| baiji
| Baiji
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4412334'
| [[Bakunawa]]
| Bakunawa
| Bakunawa
| meethological serpent
| mythological serpent
|- class='wd_q39731'
| [[Baltic states]]
| Baltic states
| Baltic states
| geographic region&lt;br/&gt;triad
| region&lt;br/&gt;triad
|- class='wd_q5092'
| [[Baltimore]]
| Baltimore
| Baltimore
| independent ceety
| independent city in the United States
|- class='wd_q806273'
| [[Bandarban Destrict]]
| Bandarban District
| Bandarban Destrict
| district of Bangladesh
| district of Bangladesh
|- class='wd_q1355'
| [[Bangalore]]
| Bengaluru
| Bangalore
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[global ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| city&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;global city&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q1861'
| [[Bangkok]]
| Bangkok
| Bangkok
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;first-level admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;special administrative area of Thailand&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
| city&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;first-level administrative division&lt;br/&gt;special administrative area of Thailand&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
|- class='wd_q130774'
| [[banner o Argentinae]]
| flag of Argentina
| Banner o Argentinae
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q160872'
| [[Banner o Chile]]
| Flag of Chile
| Banner o Chile
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q163008'
| [[Banner o Cuba]]
| flag of Cuba
| Banner o Cuba
| flag&lt;br/&gt;national flag
| flag&lt;br/&gt;national flag
|- class='wd_q30768'
| [[Banner o East Timor]]
| flag of East Timor
| Banner o East Timor
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q122482'
| [[Banner o Europe]]
| flag of Europe
| Banner o Europe
| flag design
| flag design
|- class='wd_q47891'
| [[Banner o Finland]]
| flag of Finland
| Banner o Finland
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q26491'
| [[Banner o Georgie (kintra)|Banner o Georgie]]
| flag of Georgia
| Banner o Georgie (kintra)
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q48160'
| [[Banner o Germany]]
| flag of Germany
| Banner o Germany
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q168935'
| [[Banner o Malaysie]]
| flag of Malaysia
| Banner o Malaysie
| flag&lt;br/&gt;national flag
| flag&lt;br/&gt;national flag
|- class='wd_q159865'
| [[Banner o Morocco]]
| flag of Morocco
| Banner o Morocco
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q5456793'
| [[Banner o North Vietnam]]
| flag of North Vietnam
| Banner o North Vietnam
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q81286'
| [[Banner o Swaden]]
| flag of Sweden
| Banner o Swaden
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q483774'
| [[Banner o Uzbekistan]]
| flag of Uzbekistan
| Banner o Uzbekistan
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q131204'
| [[Banner o Vietnam]]
| flag of Vietnam
| Banner o Vietnam
| national flag
| national flag
|- class='wd_q183035'
| [[Banteng]]
| Bos javanicus
| Banteng
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q790949'
| [[Bartholin's gland]]
| Bartholin's gland
| Bartholin's gland
| class of anatomical entity
| class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q2575960'
| [[Battle o Carham]]
| Battle of Carham
| Battle o Carham
| [[battle]]
| battle
|- class='wd_q151340'
| [[Battle o Fraunce]]
| Battle of France
| Battle o Fraunce
| [[battle]]
| battle
|- class='wd_q179670'
| [[Battle o Gaugamela]]
| Battle of Gaugamela
| Battle o Gaugamela
| [[battle]]
| battle
|- class='wd_q4871281'
| [[Battle o Innerurie (1308)|Battle o Innerurie]]
| Battle of Inverurie
| Battle o Innerurie (1308)
| [[battle]]
| battle
|- class='wd_q127216'
| [[Bauld eagle]]
| bald eagle
| Bauld eagle
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q45422'
| [[baurm]]
| yeast
| Baurm
| food ingredient&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
| food ingredient&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q41890'
| [[Bayswater]]
| Bayswater
| Bayswater
| aurie o Lunnon
| area of London
|- class='wd_q81856'
| [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]]
| Beaverton
| Beaverton, Oregon
| city of Oregon
| city of Oregon
|- class='wd_q813884'
| [[Bedford RL]]
| Bedford RL
| Bedford RL
| truck model
| truck model
|- class='wd_q507235'
| [[Bedford Vehicles]]
| Bedford Vehicles
| Bedford Vehicles
| commercial vehicle manufacturer
| commercial vehicle manufacturer
|- class='wd_q217778'
| [[Bishop's weed|beeshop's weed]]
| Aegopodium podagraria
| Bishop's weed
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q158617'
| [[Begonia]]
| Begonia
| Begonia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q956'
| [[Beijing]]
| Beijing
| Beijing
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[global ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;national central city&lt;br/&gt;Direct-controlled municipality&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;national capital&lt;br/&gt;former national capital
| city&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;global city&lt;br/&gt;national central city&lt;br/&gt;direct-administered municipality&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;national capital&lt;br/&gt;former national capital
|- class='wd_q11788'
| [[beir]]
| Ursidae
| Beir
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25376'
| [[Beld-cuit|beld pout]]
| Common Coot
| Beld-cuit
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q896476'
| [[Belgian horse]]
| Belgian Draught
| Belgian horse
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q31'
| [[Belgium]]
| Belgium
| Belgium
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q80952'
| [[Bengal teeger]]
| Bengal tiger
| Bengal teeger
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48328'
| [[Beowulf]]
| Beowulf
| Beowulf
| epic poem
| epic poem
|- class='wd_q64'
| [[Berlin]]
| Berlin
| Berlin
| city-state&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;federal caipital&lt;br/&gt;Hanseatic ceety&lt;br/&gt;[[States o Germany|federatit state o Germany]]&lt;br/&gt;seat o govrenment&lt;br/&gt;Unitary municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;town divided by border&lt;br/&gt;independent city in Berlin
| city-state&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;federal capital&lt;br/&gt;Hanseatic city&lt;br/&gt;federated state of Germany&lt;br/&gt;seat of government&lt;br/&gt;Unitary municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;town divided by border&lt;br/&gt;independent city in Berlin
|- class='wd_q16532287'
| [[Betacoronavirus]]
| Betacoronavirus
| Betacoronavirus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q159532'
| [[betel]]
| betel
| Betel
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4164940'
| [[Betta]]
| Betta
| Betta
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156895'
| [[Betula pendula]]
| Q156895
| Betula pendula
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3707847'
| [[Beukkeepin]]
| bookkeeping
| Beukkeepin
| academic discipline
| academic discipline
|- class='wd_q25485'
| [[big ox-ee]]
| great tit
| Big ox-ee
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1124'
| [[Bill Clinton]]
| Bill Clinton
| Bill Clinton
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q5113'
| [[Bird|birds]]
| bird
| Bird
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q727096'
| [[birth defect]]
| congenital disorder
| Birth defect
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q18099'
| [[bison]]
| Bison
| Bison
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147096'
| [[bitter oranger]]
| Citrus × aurantium
| Bitter oranger
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25368'
| [[Bivalvia]]
| Q25368
| Bivalvia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147701'
| [[Bixa orellana]]
| Bixa orellana
| Bixa orellana
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;material
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;material
|- class='wd_q95036'
| [[black rhinoceros]]
| Diceros bicornis
| Black rhinoceros
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q183339'
| [[blackbuck]]
| Antilope cervicapra
| Blackbuck
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1016707'
| [[Blackburn, Wast Lowden|Blackburn]]
| Blackburn
| Blackburn, Wast Lowden
| [[toun]]
| town
|- class='wd_q6934'
| [[Blagoveshchensk]]
| Blagoveshchensk
| Blagoveshchensk
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
|- class='wd_q217291'
| [[Blanford's tod]]
| Blanford's fox
| Blanford's tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25309'
| [[Blattodea]]
| Q25309
| Blattodea
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23445'
| [[Black|bleck]]
| black
| Black
| primary colour&lt;br/&gt;HTML4 named color&lt;br/&gt;safest web colors
| primary color&lt;br/&gt;HTML4 named color&lt;br/&gt;safest web colors
|- class='wd_q199758'
| [[Blue jay]]
| Blue Jay
| Blue jay
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q42196'
| [[Blue whaul]]
| Balaenoptera musculus
| Blue whaul
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q205477'
| [[blue-an-yellae macaw]]
| Blue-and-yellow Macaw
| Blue-an-yellae macaw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25404'
| [[blue-bunnet]]
| Eurasian blue tit
| Blue-bunnet
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27989'
| [[bluebell]]
| Campanula rotundifolia
| Bluebell
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q853286'
| [[Bluebird]]
| Sialia
| Bluebird
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25709'
| [[Bluiter]]
| Eurasian Bittern
| Bluiter
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q215388'
| [[Boa constrictor]]
| Boa constrictor
| Boa constrictor
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q444752'
| [[Boa Sr.]]
| Boa Sr.
| Boa Sr.
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q35872'
| [[boat]]
| boat
| Boat
| boat type
| boat type
|- class='wd_q131907'
| [[bobcat]]
| bobcat
| Bobcat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4936401'
| [[Boddam, Shetland|Boddam]]
| Boddam
| Boddam, Shetland
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q6394'
| [[Boeing 707]]
| Boeing 707
| Boeing 707
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q6387'
| [[Boeing 737]]
| Boeing 737
| Boeing 737
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q179'
| [[Boeing 747]]
| Boeing 747
| Boeing 747
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q6418'
| [[Boeing 757]]
| Boeing 757
| Boeing 757
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q6423'
| [[Boeing 767]]
| Boeing 767
| Boeing 767
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q26431'
| [[bog gled]]
| Western Marsh Harrier
| Bog gled
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q181969'
| [[Bohai Sea]]
| Bohai Sea
| Bohai Sea
| marginal sea
| marginal sea
|- class='wd_q134747'
| [[Bombyx mori]]
| Bombyx mori
| Bombyx mori
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;silkworm
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;silkworm
|- class='wd_q19537'
| [[bonobo]]
| Bonobo
| Bonobo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q207760'
| [[Badock|Bonxie]]
| Great Skua
| Badock
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147075'
| [[borage]]
| borage
| Borage
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26568'
| [[Boraginaceae]]
| Boraginaceae
| Boraginaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q500857'
| [[Borassus flabellifer]]
| Borassus flabellifer
| Borassus flabellifer
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5319'
| [[borax]]
| borax
| Borax
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q187045'
| [[boric acid]]
| orthoboric acid
| Boric acid
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q184634'
| [[Boudica]]
| Boudica
| Boudica
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2167872'
| [[Body hair|bouk hair]]
| androgenic hair
| Body hair
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q25497'
| [[bovid]]
| Q25497
| Bovid
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4979192'
| [[Bovinae]]
| Bovinae
| Bovinae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q38496'
| [[Boxer (dug)|Boxer]]
| Boxer
| Boxer (dug)
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q487367'
| [[Braeburn]]
| Braeburn
| Braeburn
| chance seedling&lt;br/&gt;apple cultivar
| chance seedling&lt;br/&gt;apple cultivar
|- class='wd_q58677'
| [[Brassica]]
| Brassica
| Brassica
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156888'
| [[Brassicaceae]]
| Brassicaceae
| Brassicaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q185086'
| [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]
| Crown Dependencies
| Croun dependencies
| territory
| territory
|- class='wd_q842438'
| [[Breetish fowk]]
| British
| Breetish fowk
| [[population]]
| human population
|- class='wd_q4869954'
| [[Breetish monarchs]]
| list of British monarchs
| Breetish monarchs
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q39782'
| [[Bress]]
| brass
| Bress
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q3644573'
| [[Brig o Dee (brig)|Brig o Dee]]
| Bridge of Dee
| Brig o Dee (brig)
| road brig&lt;br/&gt;stone arch bridge
| road bridge&lt;br/&gt;stone arch bridge
|- class='wd_q4975727'
| [[Brithers' Circle]]
| Brothers’ Circle
| Brithers' Circle
| organized crime group
| organized crime group
|- class='wd_q4970755'
| [[British Rail Class 22]]
| British Rail Class 22
| British Rail Class 22
| locomotive class
| locomotive class
|- class='wd_q920223'
| [[British Steel (1967–1999)|British Steel]]
| British Steel
| British Steel (1967–1999)
| [[Business|buisiness]]&lt;br/&gt;enterprise
| business&lt;br/&gt;enterprise
|- class='wd_q156529'
| [[Bromeliaceae]]
| Bromeliaceae
| Bromeliaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q232278'
| [[Brookesia micra]]
| Brookesia micra
| Brookesia micra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q148134'
| [[Bryozoa]]
| Q148134
| Bryozoa
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1016877'
| [[Buckhyne|Buckhynde]]
| Buckhaven
| Buckhyne
| [[toun]]
| town
|- class='wd_q639022'
| [[Bufo]]
| Bufo
| Bufo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q146375'
| [[Bufo bufo]]
| common toad
| Bufo bufo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q193250'
| [[Bulawayo]]
| Bulawayo
| Bulawayo
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q134091'
| [[Bulbophyllum]]
| Bulbophyllum
| Bulbophyllum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q12495'
| [[Burj Khalifa]]
| Burj Khalifa
| Burj Khalifa
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;laundmark
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;architectural landmark
|- class='wd_q836'
| [[Myanmar|Burma]]
| Myanmar
| Myanmar
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;[[republic]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;republic&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q26691'
| [[burrian]]
| Red-throated Diver
| Burrian
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q191737'
| [[buss dug]]
| Speothos venaticus
| Buss dug
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q173532'
| [[Byblos]]
| Byblos
| Byblos
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;city-state&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site
| city&lt;br/&gt;city-state&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site
|- class='wd_q35051'
| [[cabbitch]]
| Brassica oleracea var. capitata
| Cabbitch
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5015361'
| [[Caberfeidh]]
| Caberfeidh
| Caberfeidh
| shinty team
| shinty team
|- class='wd_q4758'
| [[Caecilian]]
| Caecilian
| Caecilian
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q91703'
| [[Caenorhabditis elegans]]
| Caenorhabditis elegans
| Caenorhabditis elegans
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;model organism
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;model organism
|- class='wd_q428145'
| [[Caledonian Sleeper]]
| Caledonian Sleeper
| Caledonian Sleeper
| night train&lt;br/&gt;named passenger train service
| night train&lt;br/&gt;named passenger train service
|- class='wd_q194314'
| [[Californie condor]]
| California condor
| Californie condor
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q132895'
| [[Callionymus lyra]]
| Common dragonet
| Callionymus lyra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147192'
| [[Caltha palustris]]
| Caltha palustris
| Caltha palustris
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q138367'
| [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
| Camden
| Camden, New Jersey
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety in New Jersey
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in New Jersey
|- class='wd_q101815'
| [[Camellia sinensis]]
| Camellia sinensis
| Camellia sinensis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q155802'
| [[Campanulaceae]]
| Campanulaceae
| Campanulaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q13707'
| [[camshaft]]
| camshaft
| Camshaft
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q12078'
| [[cancer]]
| cancer
| Cancer
| [[Dishailth|disease]]&lt;br/&gt;heal problem&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
| disease&lt;br/&gt;health problem&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
|- class='wd_q5031643'
| [[Candelaria, Nevada|Candelaria]]
| Candelaria
| Candelaria, Nevada
| [[Ghaist toun]]
| ghost town
|- class='wd_q558181'
| [[CANDU reactor]]
| CANDU reactor
| CANDU reactor
| Nuclear reactor
| nuclear reactor
|- class='wd_q25324'
| [[Canidae]]
| Canidae
| Canidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2845'
| [[Cannabis (drog)|cannabis]]
| cannabis
| Cannabis (drog)
| [[drog]]
| drug
|- class='wd_q79817'
| [[Cannabis]]
| Cannabis
| Cannabis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q16572'
| [[Guangzhou|Canton]]
| Guangzhou
| Guangzhou
| megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;sub-province-level diveesion&lt;br/&gt;prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;sub-province-level division&lt;br/&gt;prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q12755'
| [[Canton o Jura]]
| Canton of Jura
| Canton o Jura
| canton o Swisserland&lt;br/&gt;constituent state
| canton of Switzerland&lt;br/&gt;federated state
|- class='wd_q272933'
| [[Cape tod]]
| Vulpes chama
| Cape tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q129059'
| [[Capercailzie]]
| Western capercaillie
| Capercailzie
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q179544'
| [[Capetian dynasty]]
| Capetian dynasty
| Capetian dynasty
| dynasty&lt;br/&gt;noble faimily
| dynasty&lt;br/&gt;noble family
|- class='wd_q172923'
| [[Capra (genus)|Capra]]
| Capra
| Capra (genus)
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26125'
| [[Caprimulgiformes]]
| Caprimulgiformes
| Caprimulgiformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26717'
| [[Caprimulgus europaeus]]
| European Nightjar
| Caprimulgus europaeus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q201959'
| [[Capsicum]]
| Capsicum
| Capsicum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1380'
| [[Capsicum annuum]]
| Capsicum annuum
| Capsicum annuum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q30847'
| [[Caracal]]
| caracal
| Caracal
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q623'
| [[Caurbon|carbon]]
| carbon
| Caurbon
| [[Chemical element|element]]&lt;br/&gt;atmophile element
| chemical element&lt;br/&gt;atmophile element
|- class='wd_q158501'
| [[Carex]]
| Carex
| Carex
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q158874'
| [[Carlos I o Portugal]]
| Carlos I of Portugal
| Carlos I o Portugal
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q170419'
| [[Carlos Slim]]
| Carlos Slim
| Carlos Slim
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25306'
| [[Carnivora]]
| Carnivora
| Carnivora
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q207739'
| [[Carole Lombard]]
| Carole Lombard
| Carole Lombard
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q577227'
| [[Caroline Nokes]]
| Caroline Nokes
| Caroline Nokes
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q81'
| [[carrot]]
| carrot
| Carrot
| food crop&lt;br/&gt;type of vegetable
| food crop&lt;br/&gt;type of vegetable
|- class='wd_q729304'
| [[Carthage, Missouri|Carthage]]
| Carthage
| Carthage, Missouri
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q111840'
| [[Carwyn Jones]]
| Carwyn Jones
| Carwyn Jones
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25995'
| [[Caryophyllaceae]]
| Caryophyllaceae
| Caryophyllaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1046446'
| [[Casa Loma]]
| Casa Loma
| Casa Loma
| villa&lt;br/&gt;historic house museum
| villa&lt;br/&gt;historic house museum
|- class='wd_q83124'
| [[cassava]]
| cassava
| Cassava
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1049507'
| [[Castle Semple Loch]]
| Castle Semple Loch
| Castle Semple Loch
| [[loch]]
| lake
|- class='wd_q146'
| [[cat]]
| cat
| Cat
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q3883'
| [[Catanzaro]]
| Catanzaro
| Catanzaro
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;comune o Italy
| city&lt;br/&gt;comune of Italy
|- class='wd_q9943415'
| [[:Category:Fermstockin]]
| Category:Livestock
| Category:Fermstockin
| [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]]
| Wikimedia category
|- class='wd_q7973620'
| [[:Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie]]
| Category:Urban-type settlements in Russia
| Category:Urban-teep dounsets in Roushie
| [[Wikipedia:Categorisation|Wikimedia category]]
| Wikimedia category
|- class='wd_q105667'
| [[Catherine Ashton]]
| Catherine Ashton
| Catherine Ashton
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q17149'
| [[Catshairk]]
| Q17149
| Catshairk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q7537'
| [[cauliflouer]]
| Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
| Cauliflouer
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q210516'
| [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|ceety in Serbie]]
| list of cities in Serbia
| Leet o ceeties in Serbie
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q23311'
| [[Ceety o Lunnon]]
| City of London
| Ceety o Lunnon
| ceremonial county of England&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;unparished area&lt;br/&gt;district of the United Kingdom&lt;br/&gt;district with city status&lt;br/&gt;city of the United Kingdom
| ceremonial county of England&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;unparished area&lt;br/&gt;district of the United Kingdom&lt;br/&gt;district with city status&lt;br/&gt;city of the United Kingdom
|- class='wd_q138617'
| [[Ceiba pentandra]]
| Ceiba pentandra
| Ceiba pentandra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23012379'
| [[Celery]]
| celery
| Celery
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q498162'
| [[census-designated place]]
| census-designated place in the United States
| Census-designated place
| admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;type of place
| administrative territorial entity&lt;br/&gt;type of place
|- class='wd_q929'
| [[Central African Republic]]
| Central African Republic
| Central African Republic
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;[[republic]]&lt;br/&gt;landlockt kintra&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;republic&lt;br/&gt;landlocked country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q152283'
| [[Central Pouers]]
| Central Powers
| Central Pouers
| military alliance
| military alliance
|- class='wd_q504320'
| [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion]]
| Centurion
| Centurion (tank)
| combat vehicle family
| combat vehicle family
|- class='wd_q130902'
| [[Ceratosaurus]]
| Ceratosaurus
| Ceratosaurus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q12117'
| [[cereal]]
| cereal
| Cereal
| group or class of agricultural products
| group or class of agricultural products
|- class='wd_q131340'
| [[chamois]]
| chamois
| Chamois
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2088394'
| [[Chandi]]
| Chandi
| Chandi
| Devi&lt;br/&gt;form of Parvati
| Devi&lt;br/&gt;form of Parvati
|- class='wd_q5686'
| [[Charles Dickens]]
| Charles Dickens
| Charles Dickens
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q333452'
| [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]]
| Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg
| Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q80321126'
| [[Charles W Gray]]
| Charles W Gray
| Charles W Gray
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q123026'
| [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]]
| Charles Édouard Guillaume
| Charles Édouard Guillaume
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q83161'
| [[Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure]]
| Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure
| Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure
| animatit film
| animated film
|- class='wd_q6604'
| [[Charon (muin)|Charon]]
| Charon
| Charon (muin)
| moon of Pluto
| moon of Pluto
|- class='wd_q38646266'
| [[Chayote]]
| Sicyos edulis
| Chayote
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q902623'
| [[ChEBI]]
| ChEBI
| ChEBI
| chemical database&lt;br/&gt;biological database&lt;br/&gt;domain ontology&lt;br/&gt;OBO Foundry ontology&lt;br/&gt;ELIXIR Core Data Resource
| chemical database&lt;br/&gt;biological database&lt;br/&gt;domain ontology&lt;br/&gt;OBO Foundry ontology&lt;br/&gt;ELIXIR Core Data Resource
|- class='wd_q194422'
| [[Chinee alligator|Cheenese alligator]]
| Chinese alligator
| Chinee alligator
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8201'
| [[Cheenese chairacter]]
| Chinese characters
| Cheenese chairacter
| [[writin seestem]]&lt;br/&gt;logographic writing system&lt;br/&gt;natural writing system
| writing system&lt;br/&gt;logographic writing system&lt;br/&gt;natural writing system
|- class='wd_q10876842'
| [[Cheenese cuisine]]
| Chinese cuisine
| Cheenese cuisine
| national cuisine
| national cuisine
|- class='wd_q1074195'
| [[Chinee goral|Cheenese goral]]
| Chinese goral
| Chinee goral
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23907'
| [[cheetah]]
| cheetah
| Cheetah
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156807'
| [[Chelidonium]]
| Chelidonium majus
| Chelidonium
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2795'
| [[Chemnitz]]
| Chemnitz
| Chemnitz
| major regional center&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban district in Saxony
| major regional center&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban district in Saxony
|- class='wd_q181369'
| [[Chen-Ning Yang]]
| Chen-ning Yang
| Chen-Ning Yang
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q192457'
| [[Cherenkov radiation]]
| Cherenkov radiation
| Cherenkov radiation
| phenomenon
| phenomenon
|- class='wd_q157053'
| [[Chernihiv]]
| Chernihiv
| Chernihiv
| city of regional significance of Ukraine
| city of regional significance of Ukraine
|- class='wd_q298'
| [[Chile]]
| Chile
| Chile
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;nation&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;democratic republic
| country&lt;br/&gt;nation&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;democratic republic
|- class='wd_q14081'
| [[Chimborazo (volcano)|Chimborazo]]
| Chimborazo
| Chimborazo (volcano)
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stratovolcano]]
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;stratovolcano
|- class='wd_q192930'
| [[Chinchilla]]
| Chinchilla
| Chinchilla
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5100937'
| [[Chinese spirit possession]]
| Chinese spirit possession
| Chinese spirit possession
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q10915'
| [[Chordate|chordates]]
| Q10915
| Chordate
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q54314'
| [[Chris Hemsworth]]
| Chris Hemsworth
| Chris Hemsworth
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q641364'
| [[Christenmas decorations]]
| Christmas decoration
| Christenmas decorations
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q49762'
| [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]
| Christian Democratic Union
| Christian Democratic Union (Germany)
| [[poleetical pairty]]&lt;br/&gt;political party in Germany&lt;br/&gt;fraternal party&lt;br/&gt;major party
| political party&lt;br/&gt;political party in Germany&lt;br/&gt;fraternal party&lt;br/&gt;major party
|- class='wd_q159694'
| [[Christian Dior]]
| Christian Dior
| Christian Dior
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q184103'
| [[Christina Ricci]]
| Christina Ricci
| Christina Ricci
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q130778'
| [[Cicada|Cicadidae]]
| Cicadidae
| Cicada
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3406'
| [[Cichlid|Cichlidae]]
| Cichlidae
| Cichlid
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21716'
| [[Ciconiiformes]]
| Ciconiiformes
| Ciconiiformes
| monotypic taxon
| monotypic taxon
|- class='wd_q43196'
| [[Cincinnati]]
| Cincinnati
| Cincinnati
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of Ohio
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;city of Ohio
|- class='wd_q201831'
| [[Cinclus cinclus]]
| Cinclus cinclus
| Cinclus cinclus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27282'
| [[Cinnamomum]]
| Cinnamomum
| Cinnamomum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q341600'
| [[Cirsium arvense]]
| Cirsium arvense
| Cirsium arvense
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21177'
| [[Cirsium vulgare]]
| Cirsium vulgare
| Cirsium vulgare
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q199728'
| [[Cisalpine Gaul]]
| Cisalpine Gaul
| Cisalpine Gaul
| Roman province
| Roman province
|- class='wd_q36678'
| [[Wast Bank|Cisjordan]]
| West Bank
| Wast Bank
| geographic region
| region
|- class='wd_q17507129'
| [[Citrullus lanatus]]
| watermelon
| Citrullus lanatus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q81513'
| [[Citrus]]
| Citrus
| Citrus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26590'
| [[Ciudad Juárez]]
| Ciudad Juárez
| Ciudad Juárez
| border city&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;locality of Mexico
| border city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;locality of Mexico
|- class='wd_q11460'
| [[Cleidin|claes]]
| clothing
| Cleidin
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q404495'
| [[Clan Broun]]
| Clan Broun
| Clan Broun
| noble faimily
| noble family
|- class='wd_q1094925'
| [[Clan Campbell]]
| Clan Campbell
| Clan Campbell
| [[Scots clan]]
| Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q2167776'
| [[Clan Douglas]]
| Clan Douglas
| Clan Douglas
| noble faimily
| noble family
|- class='wd_q247418'
| [[Clan Hay]]
| Clan Hay
| Clan Hay
| [[Scots clan]]
| Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q1094959'
| [[Clan Lindsay]]
| Clan Lindsay
| Clan Lindsay
| [[Scots clan]]
| Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q1651263'
| [[Clan Stewart]]
| Clan Stewart
| Clan Stewart
| [[Scots clan]]
| Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q5125614'
| [[Clan Straiton]]
| Clan Straiton
| Clan Straiton
| [[Scots clan]]
| Scottish clan
|- class='wd_q2978374'
| [[Claude Érignac]]
| Claude Érignac
| Claude Érignac
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q228241'
| [[Cleg]]
| Tabanidae
| Cleg
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q157634'
| [[Clematis]]
| Clematis
| Clematis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q160100'
| [[Clematis vitalba]]
| Clematis vitalba
| Clematis vitalba
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q40003'
| [[Cleopatra III o Egyp]]
| Cleopatra III of Egypt
| Cleopatra III o Egyp
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q635'
| [[Cleopatra|Cleopatra VII]]
| Cleopatra
| Cleopatra
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q873072'
| [[clitoris]]
| clitoris
| Clitoris
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q25327'
| [[Coccinellidae|Clock leddy]]
| Q25327
| Coccinellidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q36135'
| [[cloodit leopard]]
| clouded leopard
| Cloodit leopard
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q483639'
| [[Cloud computing|cloud will]]
| cloud computing
| Cloud computing
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q211931'
| [[Co-operative Pairty]]
| Co-operative Party
| Co-operative Pairty
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q188047'
| [[Coat o airms o Lithuanie]]
| Coat of arms of Lithuania
| Coat o airms o Lithuanie
| national coat of arms
| national coat of arms
|- class='wd_q159543'
| [[Clock leddy|Coccinella septempunctata]]
| Coccinella septempunctata
| Clock leddy
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q183124'
| [[Cochabamba]]
| Cochabamba
| Cochabamba
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q855094'
| [[Coenonympha pamphilus]]
| Small Heath
| Coenonympha pamphilus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156354'
| [[Coffea]]
| Coffea
| Coffea
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8486'
| [[coffee]]
| coffee
| Coffee
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q9885'
| [[Coimbatore]]
| Coimbatore
| Coimbatore
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q17621225'
| [[Colchagua (histerical province)]]
| Colchagua Province
| Colchagua (histerical province)
| province of Chile
| province of Chile
|- class='wd_q388435'
| [[College Park, Georgie|College Park]]
| College Park
| College Park, Georgie
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Georgia
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Georgia
|- class='wd_q10285'
| [[Colosseum]]
| Colosseum
| Colosseum
| stadium&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site&lt;br/&gt;Italian national museum&lt;br/&gt;Roman amphitheatre&lt;br/&gt;historical civil building museum&lt;br/&gt;archaeological artifact museum&lt;br/&gt;Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture&lt;br/&gt;roman ruins
| stadium&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site&lt;br/&gt;Italian national museum&lt;br/&gt;Roman amphitheatre&lt;br/&gt;historical civil building museum&lt;br/&gt;archaeological artifact museum&lt;br/&gt;Museum of the Italian Ministry of Culture&lt;br/&gt;roman ruins
|- class='wd_q133696'
| [[colour blindness]]
| color blindness
| Colour blindness
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q182751'
| [[Colubridae]]
| Q182751
| Colubridae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q106922'
| [[Columbus]]
| Columbus
| Columbus
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q937876'
| [[Comarques o Catalonie]]
| comarca of Catalonia
| Comarques o Catalonie
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q909434'
| [[Combustion chamber]]
| combustion chamber
| Combustion chamber
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q860390'
| [[Commer]]
| Commer
| Commer
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q81110'
| [[common cairp]]
| Cyprinus carpio
| Common cairp
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;fractional spawner
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;fractional spawner
|- class='wd_q12125'
| [[common cauld]]
| common cold
| Common cauld
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
|- class='wd_q18845'
| [[Common cuckoo|Common Cuckoo]]
| Common Cuckoo
| Common cuckoo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q216815'
| [[common eland]]
| common eland
| Common eland
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27465'
| [[Common frog]]
| Common frog
| Common frog
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;model organism
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;model organism
|- class='wd_q911786'
| [[Common garter snake|Common Garter Snake]]
| common garter snake
| Common garter snake
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q586594'
| [[common stingray]]
| common stingray
| Common stingray
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q7779'
| [[Commonweel o Independent States]]
| Commonwealth of Independent States
| Commonweel o Independent States
| intergovrenmental organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;commonwealth&lt;br/&gt;nationality for sports
| intergovernmental organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;commonwealth&lt;br/&gt;nationality for sports
|- class='wd_q40591'
| [[Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto seal]]
| The Communist Manifesto
| Communist Manifesto
| manifesto&lt;br/&gt;leeterary wirk
| manifesto&lt;br/&gt;literary work
|- class='wd_q130880'
| [[Compsognathus]]
| messielgoat
| Compsognathus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q22657'
| [[concrete]]
| concrete
| Concrete
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q147298'
| [[cone cell]]
| cone cell
| Cone cell
| cell type&lt;br/&gt;retinal cell
| cell type&lt;br/&gt;retinal cell
|- class='wd_q81931'
| [[Confederate States o Americae]]
| Confederate States of America
| Confederate States o Americae
| historical unrecognized state
| historical unrecognized state
|- class='wd_q9626'
| [[Tory an Unionist Pairty|Conservative Pairty]]
| Conservative Party
| Tory an Unionist Pairty
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q216980'
| [[Constantine P. Cavafy]]
| Konstantinos P. Cavafy
| Constantine P. Cavafy
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q8413'
| [[Constantine the Great]]
| Constantine the Great
| Constantine the Great
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q26718'
| [[Continental Congress]]
| Continental Congress
| Continental Congress
| unicameral legislature
| unicameral legislature
|- class='wd_q192299'
| [[Coonties o Norawa]]
| county of Norway
| Coonties o Norawa
| admeenistrative diveesion
| administrative territorial entity
|- class='wd_q171809'
| [[Coonties o Ingland|coonty o Ingland]]
| county of England
| Coonties o Ingland
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q753'
| [[Capper|copper]]
| copper
| Capper
| [[Chemical element|element]]&lt;br/&gt;chalcophile element&lt;br/&gt;simple substance
| chemical element&lt;br/&gt;chalcophile element&lt;br/&gt;simple substance
|- class='wd_q484131'
| [[Coraciiformes]]
| Coraciiformes
| Coraciiformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q171446'
| [[coral]]
| coral
| Coral
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q169973'
| [[Coriolis force]]
| Coriolis force
| Coriolis force
| scientific theory
| scientific theory
|- class='wd_q347404'
| [[Cork]]
| Cork
| Cork
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q1134583'
| [[Coronaviridae]]
| Coronaviridae
| Coronaviridae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q84263196'
| [[COVID-19|coronavirus disease 2019]]
| COVID-19
| COVID-19
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q187024'
| [[corsac tod]]
| corsac fox
| Corsac tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q124969'
| [[Corylus avellana]]
| Corylus avellana
| Corylus avellana
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48544'
| [[Cosimo de' Medici]]
| Cosimo de' Medici
| Cosimo de' Medici
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q45382'
| [[coup d'état]]
| coup d'état
| Coup d'état
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q44299'
| [[coyote]]
| coyote
| Coyote
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q84149'
| [[Craniate]]
| Q84149
| Craniate
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q155938'
| [[Crassulaceae]]
| Crassulaceae
| Crassulaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q126256'
| [[craw-nebs]]
| Anthyllis vulneraria
| Craw-nebs
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q111059'
| [[Creetical pynt (thermodynamics)|creetical pynt]]
| critical point
| Creetical pynt (thermodynamics)
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1840756'
| [[Crested clagbird]]
| Crested Bellbird
| Crested clagbird
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26017'
| [[Crex crex]]
| Corn Crake
| Crex crex
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5185548'
| [[Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980]]
| Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980
| Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980
| Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
| Public General Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
|- class='wd_q33666'
| [[Crinoid]]
| Crinoidea
| Crinoid
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q11571'
| [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]
| Cristiano Ronaldo
| Cristiano Ronaldo
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2658232'
| [[Cristina Calderón]]
| Cristina Calderón
| Cristina Calderón
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25363'
| [[Crocodilia]]
| Crocodilia
| Crocodilia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q43169'
| [[Crocodylidae]]
| Crocodile
| Crocodylidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1107181'
| [[cruiner]]
| grey gurnard
| Cruiner
| [[fish]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
| fish&lt;br/&gt;taxon&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q46135'
| [[Créteil]]
| Créteil
| Créteil
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;commune o Fraunce
| city&lt;br/&gt;commune of France
|- class='wd_q183364'
| [[Cuculiformes]]
| Cuculiformes
| Cuculiformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23425'
| [[Cucumber]]
| Cucumis sativus
| Cucumber
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q148758'
| [[Cucumis]]
| Cucumis
| Cucumis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5339301'
| [[Cucurbita]]
| Cucurbita
| Cucurbita
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8314'
| [[Cucurbitaceae]]
| Cucurbitaceae
| Cucurbitaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21875'
| [[Cucurbitales]]
| Cucurbitales
| Cucurbitales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q19707'
| [[Cuddie]]
| donkey
| Cuddie
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q192914'
| [[Cult o personality]]
| cult of personality
| Cult o personality
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q132624'
| [[cumin]]
| Cuminum cyminum
| Cumin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25577567'
| [[Cyanobacteria]]
| Cyanobacteriota
| Cyanobacteria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q161517'
| [[Cycas revoluta]]
| Cycas revoluta
| Cycas revoluta
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q152314'
| [[Cyclone Nargis]]
| Cyclone Nargis
| Cyclone Nargis
| [[cyclone]]
| cyclone
|- class='wd_q43300'
| [[Cydonia oblonga]]
| quince
| Cydonia oblonga
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q953477'
| [[Cylinder block]]
| cylinder block
| Cylinder block
| physical technological component
| physical technological component
|- class='wd_q164270'
| [[Cymbalaria muralis]]
| Cymbalaria muralis
| Cymbalaria muralis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q381584'
| [[Cynoglossum officinale]]
| Cynoglossum officinale
| Cynoglossum officinale
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q155843'
| [[Cyperaceae]]
| Cyperaceae
| Cyperaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q35047'
| [[Cyprinidae]]
| Cyprinidae
| Cyprinidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q177879'
| [[Cypriniformes]]
| Cypriniformes
| Cypriniformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8209'
| [[Cyrillic script]]
| Cyrillic script
| Cyrillic script
| [[writin seestem]]
| writing system
|- class='wd_q25282'
| [[Da Nang]]
| Da Nang
| Da Nang
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;Municipalities o Vietnam&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;cities in Vietnam&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q29099'
| [[Dachshund]]
| dachshund
| Dachshund
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q161735'
| [[Dactylis glomerata]]
| Dactylis glomerata
| Dactylis glomerata
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q494447'
| [[Daewoo Espero]]
| Daewoo Espero
| Daewoo Espero
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q494469'
| [[Daewoo Magnus]]
| Daewoo Magnus
| Daewoo Magnus
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q1157579'
| [[Daihatsu Taft]]
| Daihatsu Taft
| Daihatsu Taft
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q17504'
| [[Dalmatian (dug)|Dalmatian]]
| Dalmatian
| Dalmatian (dug)
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q328153'
| [[Damanhur]]
| Damanhur
| Damanhur
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q3766'
| [[Damascus]]
| Damascus
| Damascus
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;auncient ceety&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;ancient city&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
|- class='wd_q189383'
| [[Damietta]]
| Damietta
| Damietta
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q1067'
| [[Dante Alighieri]]
| Dante Alighieri
| Dante Alighieri
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q733120'
| [[Darwin's rhea]]
| Lesser Rhea
| Darwin's rhea
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q213333'
| [[Dasyuromorphia]]
| Dasyuromorphia
| Dasyuromorphia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q36760'
| [[David IV o Georgie]]
| David IV of Georgia
| David IV o Georgie
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q430464'
| [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]]
| Dearborn
| Dearborn, Michigan
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q4610'
| [[decapoda]]
| Q4610
| Decapoda
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q169759'
| [[Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen]]
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
| Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen
| [[document]]&lt;br/&gt;declaration
| document&lt;br/&gt;declaration
|- class='wd_q608613'
| [[decline o the Roman Empire]]
| fall of the western Roman Empire
| Decline o the Roman Empire
| decadence&lt;br/&gt;dissolution of an administrative territorial entity
| decadence&lt;br/&gt;dissolution of an administrative territorial entity
|- class='wd_q14405'
| [[Deinonychus]]
| Deinonychus
| Deinonychus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q215519'
| [[Democratic Unionist Party|Democratic Unionist Pairty]]
| Democratic Unionist Party
| Democratic Unionist Party
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q130018'
| [[Denali]]
| Q130018
| Denali
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q16554'
| [[Denver]]
| Denver
| Denver
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Colorado
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Colorado
|- class='wd_q216888'
| [[Destricts o Luxembourg]]
| district of Luxembourg
| Destricts o Luxembourg
| type of administrative division of Luxembourg
| type of administrative division of Luxembourg
|- class='wd_q177323'
| [[developin kintra]]
| developing country
| Developin kintra
| geographic region&lt;br/&gt;place
| region&lt;br/&gt;geographic location
|- class='wd_q1133406'
| [[DevilDriver]]
| DevilDriver
| DevilDriver
| muisic baund
| musical group
|- class='wd_q1156998'
| [[Devourment]]
| Devourment
| Devourment
| muisic baund
| musical group
|- class='wd_q1354'
| [[Dhaka]]
| Dhaka
| Dhaka
| admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| administrative territorial entity&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q9685'
| [[Diana, Princess o Wales]]
| Diana, Princess of Wales
| Diana, Princess o Wales
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q156099'
| [[Dianthus]]
| Dianthus
| Dianthus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q162678'
| [[Diatom|Diatomea]]
| Diatomea
| Diatom
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q174174'
| [[diesel ingine]]
| diesel engine
| Diesel ingine
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q34336'
| [[Diesel locomotive]]
| diesel locomotive
| Diesel locomotive
| [[locomotive]]
| locomotive
|- class='wd_q25670'
| [[Digital object identifier]]
| digital object identifier
| Digital object identifier
| persistent identifier&lt;br/&gt;publication identifier
| persistent identifier&lt;br/&gt;publication identifier
|- class='wd_q157555'
| [[Digitalis purpurea]]
| Digitalis purpurea
| Digitalis purpurea
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q216263'
| [[dik-dik]]
| Madoqua
| Dik-dik
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q755714'
| [[Dikarya]]
| Q755714
| Dikarya
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q38584'
| [[dingo]]
| dingo
| Dingo
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;dog breed&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;dog breed&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q2740164'
| [[Dinosauriformes]]
| Q2740164
| Dinosauriformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q171241'
| [[Diodorus Siculus]]
| Diodorus Siculus
| Diodorus Siculus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q14330'
| [[Diplodocus]]
| Diplodocus
| Diplodocus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q273071'
| [[Dipodidae]]
| Dipodidae
| Dipodidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26332'
| [[Diprotodontia|Diprotodont]]
| Diprotodontia
| Diprotodontia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q580593'
| [[Dipterocarpaceae]]
| Dipterocarpaceae
| Dipterocarpaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q456226'
| [[Direct Rail Services]]
| Direct Rail Services
| Direct Rail Services
| [[Business|buisiness]]&lt;br/&gt;Train operatin company
| business&lt;br/&gt;train operating company
|- class='wd_q12136'
| [[Dishailth|disease]]
| disease
| Dishailth
| first-order class&lt;br/&gt;type of condition
| first-order class&lt;br/&gt;type of condition
|- class='wd_q10244'
| [[Diwali|Divali]]
| Diwali
| Diwali
| festival&lt;br/&gt;[[haliday]]
| festival&lt;br/&gt;holiday
|- class='wd_q38358'
| [[Doberman Pinscher]]
| Dobermann
| Doberman Pinscher
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q202504'
| [[doiterel]]
| Eurasian Dotterel
| Doiterel
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q14083'
| [[Dollar (siller)|dollar]]
| dollar
| Dollar (siller)
| economic term
| economic term
|- class='wd_q171433'
| [[Dolly (sheep)|Dolly]]
| Dolly the Sheep
| Dolly (sheep)
| ewe&lt;br/&gt;individual animal&lt;br/&gt;cloned mammal
| ewe&lt;br/&gt;individual animal&lt;br/&gt;cloned mammal
|- class='wd_q787'
| [[Domestic pig]]
| pig
| Domestic pig
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q784'
| [[Dominica]]
| Dominica
| Dominica
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;island country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;island country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q131479'
| [[Dominican Order]]
| Dominican Order
| Dominican Order
| mendicant order&lt;br/&gt;organization&lt;br/&gt;first order
| mendicant order&lt;br/&gt;organization&lt;br/&gt;first order
|- class='wd_q80905'
| [[Donald A. Glaser]]
| Donald Arthur Glaser
| Donald A. Glaser
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q206405'
| [[Douglas Osheroff]]
| Douglas Osheroff
| Douglas Osheroff
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q24039769'
| [[Douglas Ross]]
| Douglas Ross
| Douglas Ross
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q47715'
| [[Down syndrome|Down's syndrome]]
| Down syndrome
| Down syndrome
| disability&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
| disability&lt;br/&gt;type of disease
|- class='wd_q2215877'
| [[Downtown Miami]]
| Downtown Miami
| Downtown Miami
| neighbourhuid&lt;br/&gt;central business district
| neighborhood&lt;br/&gt;central business district
|- class='wd_q212715'
| [[DragonForce]]
| DragonForce
| DragonForce
| rock baund
| rock band
|- class='wd_q25372'
| [[Drama]]
| drama
| Drama
| literary mode&lt;br/&gt;special field&lt;br/&gt;literary form&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
| literary mode&lt;br/&gt;field of study&lt;br/&gt;literary form&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
|- class='wd_q1629859'
| [[Drax pouer station]]
| Drax power station
| Drax pouer station
| biomass-fired power station
| biomass-fired power station
|- class='wd_q71516'
| [[dromedary]]
| Camelus dromedarius
| Dromedary
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156185'
| [[Droseraceae]]
| Droseraceae
| Droseraceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q981816'
| [[Dublin, Texas|Dublin]]
| Dublin
| Dublin, Texas
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q1722'
| [[Dubrovnik]]
| Dubrovnik
| Dubrovnik
| port ceety&lt;br/&gt;ceety o Croatie
| port city&lt;br/&gt;town in Croatia
|- class='wd_q129544'
| [[Dugong]]
| dugong
| Dugong
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4810109'
| [[Dujail Massacre]]
| Dujail Massacre
| Dujail Massacre
| massacre
| massacre
|- class='wd_q867610'
| [[Dundee cake]]
| Dundee cake
| Dundee cake
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1466274'
| [[Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station]]
| Dungeness Nuclear Power Station
| Dungeness Nuclear Pouer Station
| set of physical objects
| set of physical objects
|- class='wd_q651981'
| [[Dáil Éireann]]
| Dáil Éireann
| Dáil Éireann
| lawer chamber&lt;br/&gt;elected legislative house
| lower house&lt;br/&gt;elected legislative house
|- class='wd_q111471'
| [[Dál Riata]]
| Dál Riata
| Dál Riata
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q792143'
| [[East African oryx]]
| East African oryx
| East African oryx
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q16957'
| [[East Germany]]
| East Germany
| East Germany
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q171323'
| [[East Thrace]]
| East Thrace
| East Thrace
| geographic region
| region
|- class='wd_q122563'
| [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]]
| Eau Claire
| Eau Claire, Wisconsin
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;seicont-class ceety
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;second-class city
|- class='wd_q156669'
| [[Ebenaceae]]
| Ebenaceae
| Ebenaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q51993'
| [[Ebola virus disease]]
| Ebola hemorrhagic fever
| Ebola virus disease
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q239107'
| [[Edfu]]
| Edfu
| Edfu
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q16380756'
| [[Edgar Housepian]]
| Edgar Housepian
| Edgar Housepian
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q76749'
| [[Edith Stein]]
| Edith Stein
| Edith Stein
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q5236'
| [[Edward II o Ingland]]
| Edward II of England
| Edward II o Ingland
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q728039'
| [[Edwyn Collins]]
| Edwyn Collins
| Edwyn Collins
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2994343'
| [[Economic an Social Cooncil|Eeconomic an Social Cooncil (Côte d'Ivoire)]]
| Economic and Social Council (Ivory Coast)
| Economic an Social Cooncil
| govrenment agency
| government agency
|- class='wd_q154934'
| [[Egbert o Wessex]]
| Ecgberht
| Egbert o Wessex
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1274604'
| [[EGP-6]]
| EGP-6
| EGP-6
| light water graphite reactor
| light water graphite reactor
|- class='wd_q4117865'
| [[Egyp–Turkey relations]]
| Egypt–Turkey relations
| Egyp–Turkey relations
| bilateral relation
| bilateral relation
|- class='wd_q134762'
| [[Eilat]]
| Eilat
| Eilat
| emporium&lt;br/&gt;city council
| emporium&lt;br/&gt;city council
|- class='wd_q1111'
| [[Electric chairge|electric charge]]
| electric charge
| Electric chairge
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q27137'
| [[electric pouer]]
| electric power
| Electric pouer
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q189511'
| [[electronic cigarette]]
| electronic cigarette
| Electronic cigarette
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q173115'
| [[Elio de Angelis]]
| Elio de Angelis
| Elio de Angelis
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q130752'
| [[Elizabeth o Roushie]]
| Elizabeth I of Russia
| Elizabeth o Roushie
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q317521'
| [[Elon Musk]]
| Elon Musk
| Elon Musk
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q5367589'
| [[Elsie Inglis]]
| Elsie Inglis
| Elsie Inglis
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q852573'
| [[Elvenking]]
| Elvenking
| Elvenking
| muisic baund
| musical group
|- class='wd_q28486'
| [[Emberizidae]]
| Emberizidae
| Emberizidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q201128'
| [[Emblem o Turkmenistan]]
| emblem of Turkmenistan
| Emblem o Turkmenistan
| national coat of arms
| national coat of arms
|- class='wd_q1263'
| [[Emilia-Romagna]]
| Emilia-Romagna
| Emilia-Romagna
| [[regions o Italy]]
| region of Italy
|- class='wd_q188939'
| [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]
| Emilio Aguinaldo
| Emilio Aguinaldo
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q238445'
| [[Emirate o Granada]]
| Emirate of Granada
| Emirate o Granada
| Emirate&lt;br/&gt;historical state&lt;br/&gt;sultanate
| Emirate&lt;br/&gt;historical country&lt;br/&gt;sultanate
|- class='wd_q9722'
| [[Emperor Ruizong o Tang]]
| Emperor Ruizong of Tang
| Emperor Ruizong o Tang
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q93208'
| [[emu]]
| Emu
| Emu
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26696'
| [[ennet]]
| Common Eider
| Ennet
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8753'
| [[Enrico Fermi]]
| Enrico Fermi
| Enrico Fermi
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1447266'
| [[Envigado]]
| Envigado
| Envigado
| [[Municipalities o Colombie]]
| municipality of Colombia
|- class='wd_q41571'
| [[epilepsy]]
| epilepsy
| Epilepsy
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q682443'
| [[Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)|Episcopal Kirk]]
| Episcopal Church
| Episcopal Kirk (Unitit States)
| voluntary association&lt;br/&gt;nan-profit organisation&lt;br/&gt;Christian denomination&lt;br/&gt;Episcopal Church
| voluntary association&lt;br/&gt;nonprofit organization&lt;br/&gt;Christian denomination&lt;br/&gt;Episcopal Church
|- class='wd_q643657'
| [[EPR (nuclear reactor)|EPR]]
| European Pressurized Reactor
| EPR (nuclear reactor)
| [[Generation III reactor]]
| Generation III reactor
|- class='wd_q28114'
| [[Equisetum]]
| Equisetum
| Equisetum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q184674'
| [[erectile dysfunction]]
| erectile dysfunction
| Erectile dysfunction
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
|- class='wd_q121973'
| [[Eros]]
| Eros
| Eros
| personification&lt;br/&gt;Greek primordial deities&lt;br/&gt;fertility deity&lt;br/&gt;Greek deity
| personification&lt;br/&gt;Greek primordial deity&lt;br/&gt;fertility deity&lt;br/&gt;Greek deity
|- class='wd_q25419'
| [[Escherichia coli]]
| Escherichia coli
| Escherichia coli
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;model organism
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;model organism
|- class='wd_q3649072'
| [[Eshera]]
| Eshera
| Eshera
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q10980893'
| [[Esk]]
| newt
| Esk
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q45669'
| [[Eucalyptus]]
| Eucalyptus
| Eucalyptus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q165468'
| [[Eudicots]]
| Q165468
| Eudicots
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q188622'
| [[Eunectes]]
| Anaconda
| Eunectes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2752642'
| [[Euornithes]]
| Euornithes
| Euornithes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8919'
| [[European Atomic Energy Commonty]]
| European Atomic Energy Community
| European Atomic Energy Commonty
| organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;regional organization
| organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;regional organization
|- class='wd_q161549'
| [[European Coal an Steel Commonty]]
| European Coal and Steel Community
| European Coal an Steel Commonty
| regional organization
| regional organization
|- class='wd_q183191'
| [[European Convention on Human Richts]]
| European Convention on Human Rights
| European Convention on Human Richts
| international human rights instrument&lt;br/&gt;Council of Europe treaty
| international human rights instrument&lt;br/&gt;Council of Europe treaty
|- class='wd_q122880'
| [[European Coort o Human Richts]]
| European Court of Human Rights
| European Coort o Human Richts
| international court
| international court
|- class='wd_q26559'
| [[European mink]]
| Mustela lutreola
| European mink
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q300955'
| [[European sea sturgeon]]
| European sea sturgeon
| European sea sturgeon
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q612943'
| [[European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5]]
| European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5
| European Tour 2012/2013 – Event 5
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
| snooker tournament&lt;br/&gt;recurring sporting event edition
|- class='wd_q458'
| [[European Union]]
| European Union
| European Union
| [[confederation]]&lt;br/&gt;supranational union&lt;br/&gt;regional organization&lt;br/&gt;political economic union
| confederation&lt;br/&gt;supranational union&lt;br/&gt;regional organization&lt;br/&gt;political economic union
|- class='wd_q42410'
| [[Evo Morales]]
| Evo Morales
| Evo Morales
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q107411'
| [[Eyster]]
| oyster
| Eyster
| food ingredient&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;paraphyletic group
| food ingredient&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;paraphyletic group
|- class='wd_q21878'
| [[Fabales]]
| Q21878
| Fabales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21881'
| [[Fagales]]
| Q21881
| Fagales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5430546'
| [[Fairlie, North Ayrshire|Fairlie]]
| Fairlie
| Fairlie, North Ayrshire
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q9648'
| [[Fauklan Isles|falkland islands]]
| Falkland Islands
| Fauklan Isles
| [[Breetish Owerseas Territories|Breetish owerseas territories]]
| British Overseas Territories
|- class='wd_q1233836'
| [[Fallopian tube]]
| fallopian tube
| Fallopian tube
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q59148'
| [[Famagusta Destrict]]
| Famagusta District
| Famagusta Destrict
| [[Destricts o Cyprus]]
| district of Cyprus
|- class='wd_q17459'
| [[Fandom (wabsteid)|Fandom]]
| Q17459
| Fandom (wabsteid)
| wiki hosting service&lt;br/&gt;web hosting service&lt;br/&gt;MediaWiki steid
| wiki hosting service&lt;br/&gt;web hosting service&lt;br/&gt;MediaWiki wiki
|- class='wd_q223179'
| [[Faroese fowk]]
| Faroese
| Faroese fowk
| [[population]]
| human population
|- class='wd_q127980'
| [[fat]]
| fat
| Fat
| nutrient group
| nutrient group
|- class='wd_q1009114'
| [[Fauldhoose]]
| Fauldhouse
| Fauldhoose
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q130343'
| [[Federal dependencies o Venezuela|Federal dependencies o]]
| Federal Dependencies
| Federal dependencies o Venezuela
| [[Federal destrict]]&lt;br/&gt;administrative territorial entity of Venezuela
| federal district&lt;br/&gt;administrative territorial entity of Venezuela
|- class='wd_q42602'
| [[Felinae]]
| Felinae
| Felinae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q208373'
| [[female genital mittlin]]
| female genital mutilation
| Female genital mittlin
| ritual&lt;br/&gt;violence against women
| ritual&lt;br/&gt;violence against women
|- class='wd_q131564'
| [[fennec tod]]
| Vulpes zerda
| Fennec tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q75780'
| [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]]
| Ferdinand von Zeppelin
| Ferdinand von Zeppelin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2576842'
| [[Ferrari 166 Inter]]
| Ferrari 166 Inter
| Ferrari 166 Inter
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q216517'
| [[Fianna Fáil]]
| Fianna Fáil
| Fianna Fáil
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q59798'
| [[Ficus]]
| Ficus
| Ficus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q185674'
| [[Field (pheesics)|field]]
| field
| Field (pheesics)
| concept in physics
| concept in physics
|- class='wd_q599301'
| [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]]
| Financial District
| Financial District, San Francisco
| neighbourhuid&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;neighborhood in San Francisco
| neighborhood&lt;br/&gt;central business district&lt;br/&gt;neighborhood in San Francisco
|- class='wd_q5997'
| [[fine-structur constant]]
| fine-structure constant
| Fine-structur constant
| dimensionless quantity&lt;br/&gt;[[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]&lt;br/&gt;coupling constant
| dimensionless quantity&lt;br/&gt;physical constant&lt;br/&gt;coupling constant
|- class='wd_q5450695'
| [[Finnan haddie]]
| Finnan haddie
| Finnan haddie
| [[fuid]]
| food
|- class='wd_q33328'
| [[Finnic leids]]
| Finnic
| Finnic leids
| [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]
| language family
|- class='wd_q25519942'
| [[Firmicutes]]
| Bacillota
| Firmicutes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q29269'
| [[First Chechen War]]
| First Chechen War
| First Chechen War
| [[war]]
| war
|- class='wd_q7166256'
| [[First Lady o the Unitit States]]
| First Lady of the United States
| First Lady o the Unitit States
| title&lt;br/&gt;poseetion
| title&lt;br/&gt;position
|- class='wd_q152'
| [[fish]]
| fish
| Fish
| grade&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;paraphyletic group
| grade&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name&lt;br/&gt;paraphyletic group
|- class='wd_q2736'
| [[Fitba|fitbaa]]
| association football
| Fitba
| type o sport&lt;br/&gt;[[habby]]&lt;br/&gt;Olympic sport&lt;br/&gt;team sport&lt;br/&gt;spectator sport
| type of sport&lt;br/&gt;hobby&lt;br/&gt;Olympic sport&lt;br/&gt;team sport&lt;br/&gt;spectator sport
|- class='wd_q242115'
| [[Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period]]
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
| Five Dynasties an Ten Kinricks period
| decad&lt;br/&gt;historical state&lt;br/&gt;historical period&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty&lt;br/&gt;group&lt;br/&gt;pentad
| decad&lt;br/&gt;historical country&lt;br/&gt;historical period&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty&lt;br/&gt;group&lt;br/&gt;pentad
|- class='wd_q59577'
| [[flatfish]]
| flatfish
| Flatfish
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5401971'
| [[fleein saucer]]
| flying saucer
| Fleein saucer
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q776670'
| [[Florida panther]]
| Florida panther
| Florida panther
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25314'
| [[flouerin plant]]
| Q25314
| Flouerin plant
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q318588'
| [[FN P90]]
| FN P90
| FN P90
| weapon model
| weapon model
|- class='wd_q27671'
| [[FN SCAR]]
| SCAR
| FN SCAR
| firearm family
| firearm family
|- class='wd_q107027'
| [[Foraminifera]]
| Foraminifera
| Foraminifera
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5467258'
| [[Forbes Masson]]
| Forbes Masson
| Forbes Masson
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1436754'
| [[Ford Comète]]
| Ford Comète
| Ford Comète
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q3866345'
| [[Ford flatheid V8 ingine]]
| Ford flathead V8 engine
| Ford flatheid V8 ingine
| ingine faimily
| engine family
|- class='wd_q52628184'
| [[Ford V-8]]
| Ford V-8
| Ford V-8
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1437035'
| [[Ford Vedette]]
| Ford Vedette
| Ford Vedette
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q26896'
| [[foumaw]]
| Northern Fulmar
| Foumaw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q148'
| [[Republic o the Fowk o Cheena|Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]
| People's Republic of China
| Republic o the Fowk o Cheena
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q208258'
| [[France Gall]]
| France Gall
| France Gall
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q450675'
| [[Pape Francis|Francis]]
| Pope Francis
| Pape Francis
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q3046878'
| [[Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Kirk o Scotland]]
| Free Church of Scotland
| Free Kirk o Scotland (1843–1900)
| Christian Church
| Christian Church
|- class='wd_q49220'
| [[Fremont, Californie|Fremont]]
| Fremont
| Fremont, Californie
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;sanctuary city&lt;br/&gt;city of California
| big city&lt;br/&gt;sanctuary city&lt;br/&gt;city of California
|- class='wd_q30971'
| [[French Polynesie]]
| French Polynesia
| French Polynesie
| French owerseas collectivity
| overseas collectivity of France
|- class='wd_q72292'
| [[Fridtjof Nansen]]
| Fridtjof Nansen
| Fridtjof Nansen
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q22670'
| [[Friedrich Schiller]]
| Friedrich Schiller
| Friedrich Schiller
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q128269'
| [[Frisco, Texas|Frisco]]
| Frisco
| Frisco, Texas
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q192534'
| [[Fuerteventura]]
| Fuerteventura
| Fuerteventura
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q34750'
| [[Fuxin]]
| Fuxin
| Fuxin
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q991'
| [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]]
| Fyodor Dostoyevsky
| Fyodor Dostoyevsky
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q40349'
| [[Gagra Destrict]]
| Gagra District
| Gagra Destrict
| district of Abkhazia
| district of Abkhazia
|- class='wd_q309467'
| [[Gallimimus]]
| Gallimimus
| Gallimimus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q11523'
| [[gamma ray]]
| gamma ray
| Gamma ray
| [[electromagnetic radiation]]
| electromagnetic radiation
|- class='wd_q8010'
| [[Ganger crossin]]
| pedestrian crossing
| Ganger crossin
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1366959'
| [[Garda Síochána]]
| Garda Síochána
| Garda Síochána
| [[polis]]&lt;br/&gt;national police
| police&lt;br/&gt;national police
|- class='wd_q643373'
| [[garfish]]
| Garfish
| Garfish
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q182333'
| [[gas constant]]
| molar gas constant
| Gas constant
| [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]
| physical constant
|- class='wd_q193470'
| [[gas turbine]]
| gas turbine
| Gas turbine
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q187138'
| [[Gasherbrum I]]
| Gasherbrum
| Gasherbrum I
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q186853'
| [[Gasherbrum II]]
| Gasherbrum II
| Gasherbrum II
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q174296'
| [[Gaur]]
| Bos gaurus
| Gaur
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q9441'
| [[Gautama Buddha]]
| The Buddha
| Gautama Buddha
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q190858'
| [[Gazelle|Gazella]]
| Gazella
| Gazelle
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q207043'
| [[Gemsbok]]
| Gemsbok
| Gemsbok
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q81965'
| [[General Motors]]
| General Motors
| General Motors
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q213381'
| [[generation]]
| generation
| Generation
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q976748'
| [[Generation III reactor]]
| Generation III reactor
| Generation III reactor
| nuclear reactor generation
| nuclear reactor generation
|- class='wd_q71'
| [[Geneva]]
| Geneva
| Geneva
| municipality o Swisserland&lt;br/&gt;college toun&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;cantonal caipital o Swisserland&lt;br/&gt;city of Switzerland
| municipality of Switzerland&lt;br/&gt;college town&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;cantonal capital of Switzerland&lt;br/&gt;city of Switzerland
|- class='wd_q680916'
| [[Gentbrugge]]
| Gentbrugge
| Gentbrugge
| municipality section
| municipality section
|- class='wd_q5683'
| [[Geoffrey Chaucer]]
| Geoffrey Chaucer
| Geoffrey Chaucer
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q136736'
| [[Geographic Names Information System]]
| Geographic Names Information System
| Geographic Names Information System
| online database&lt;br/&gt;geographical names database
| online database&lt;br/&gt;geographical names database
|- class='wd_q9235'
| [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]]
| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q5535907'
| [[George (dug)|George]]
| George
| George (dug)
| [[dug]]
| dog
|- class='wd_q5540112'
| [[George H. W. Bush bowkin incident]]
| George H. W. Bush vomiting incident
| George H. W. Bush bowkin incident
| vomitin
| vomiting
|- class='wd_q434118'
| [[George Pell]]
| George Pell
| George Pell
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q269412'
| [[George V]]
| George V
| George V
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q296898'
| [[George Washington Carver]]
| George Washington Carver
| George Washington Carver
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q208112'
| [[gerenuk]]
| gerenuk
| Gerenuk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q56039'
| [[German reunification]]
| German reunification
| German reunification
| poleetical union&lt;br/&gt;reunion
| political union&lt;br/&gt;reunion
|- class='wd_q42884'
| [[Germans]]
| Germans
| Germans
| nation&lt;br/&gt;[[population]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ethnic group]]
| nation&lt;br/&gt;human population&lt;br/&gt;ethnic group
|- class='wd_q183'
| [[Germany]]
| Germany
| Germany
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q156844'
| [[Getúlio Vargas]]
| Getúlio Vargas
| Getúlio Vargas
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q157407'
| [[Geum urbanum]]
| Geum urbanum
| Geum urbanum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q22169'
| [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]
| GNU Free Documentation License
| GNU Free Documentation License
| copyleft license
| copyleft license
|- class='wd_q45529'
| [[ghaist]]
| ghost
| Ghaist
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q17134'
| [[gharial]]
| Gharial
| Gharial
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q180415'
| [[Ghazni Province]]
| Ghazni Province
| Ghazni Province
| [[Provinces o Afghanistan]]
| province of Afghanistan
|- class='wd_q1296'
| [[Ghent]]
| Ghent
| Ghent
| municipality o Belgium&lt;br/&gt;carfree city&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;Belgian municipality wi ceety privileges
| municipality of Belgium&lt;br/&gt;carfree city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;Belgian municipality with the title of city
|- class='wd_q65324805'
| [[Gie wey sign]]
| Q65324805
| Gie wey sign
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q21997528'
| [[Gilderoy]]
| Gilderoy
| Gilderoy
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q43284'
| [[Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo]]
| Ginkgo biloba
| Ginkgo biloba
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q15083'
| [[giraffe]]
| northern giraffe
| Giraffe
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q28970907'
| [[Girvan Old railwey station]]
| Girvan Old railway station
| Girvan Old railwey station
| railway station
| railway station
|- class='wd_q50005'
| [[Giulio Andreotti]]
| Giulio Andreotti
| Giulio Andreotti
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q35666'
| [[glacier]]
| glacier
| Glacier
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q156207'
| [[Gladiolus]]
| Gladiolus
| Gladiolus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2341962'
| [[Glossary o rail transport terms]]
| glossary of rail transport terms
| Glossary o rail transport terms
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q40807'
| [[God Save the King]]
| God Save the King
| God Save the King
| [[Naitional anthem]]&lt;br/&gt;musical work/composition
| national anthem&lt;br/&gt;musical work/composition
|- class='wd_q288138'
| [[Gordy]]
| Gordy
| Gordy
| [[film]]
| film
|- class='wd_q6025'
| [[Gorno-Altaysk]]
| Gorno-Altaysk
| Gorno-Altaysk
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
|- class='wd_q137474876'
| [[Gos]]
| Eurasian Goshawk
| Gos
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25287'
| [[Gothenburg]]
| Gothenburg
| Gothenburg
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;port ceety&lt;br/&gt;urban area in Sweden
| big city&lt;br/&gt;port city&lt;br/&gt;urban area in Sweden
|- class='wd_q320632'
| [[Gowden taid|gowden toad]]
| golden toad
| Gowden taid
| extinct taxon
| extinct taxon
|- class='wd_q123141'
| [[gowdfish]]
| goldfish
| Gowdfish
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q205648'
| [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]]
| Granada
| Granada, Nicaragua
| [[Municipalities o Nicaragua]]
| municipality of Nicaragua
|- class='wd_q215250'
| [[gray tod]]
| Gray fox
| Gray tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q58715'
| [[Great Leap Forward]]
| Great Leap Forward
| Great Leap Forward
| campaign
| campaign
|- class='wd_q1768199'
| [[Great Russian Encyclopedia]]
| Great Russian Encyclopedia
| Great Russian Encyclopedia
| [[wabsteid]]&lt;br/&gt;national encyclopedia&lt;br/&gt;multi-volume work
| website&lt;br/&gt;national encyclopedia&lt;br/&gt;multi-volume work
|- class='wd_q199427'
| [[Great white pelican|Great White Pelican]]
| Great White Pelican
| Great white pelican
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q179537'
| [[Greek fire]]
| Greek fire
| Greek fire
| weapon type
| weapon type
|- class='wd_q182062'
| [[Greek War o Unthirldom]]
| Greek War of Independence
| Greek War o Unthirldom
| war of national liberation&lt;br/&gt;historical period
| war of national liberation&lt;br/&gt;historical period
|- class='wd_q207347'
| [[green anaconda]]
| green anaconda
| Green anaconda
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q420840'
| [[Green bee-eater|Green Bee-eater]]
| Asian Green Bee-eater
| Green bee-eater
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1544592'
| [[Green Goddess]]
| Q1544592
| Green Goddess
| truck model
| truck model
|- class='wd_q5604307'
| [[Greenloanin]]
| Greenloaning
| Greenloanin
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q763080'
| [[Greenville, Ohio|Greenville]]
| Greenville
| Greenville, Ohio
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q769'
| [[Grenada]]
| Grenada
| Grenada
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;island country&lt;br/&gt;Commonwealth realm&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;archipelagic state
| country&lt;br/&gt;island country&lt;br/&gt;Commonwealth realm&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;archipelagic state
|- class='wd_q3388'
| [[Grossglockner]]
| Grossglockner
| Grossglockner
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;highest point
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;highest point
|- class='wd_q219565'
| [[Grévy's zebra]]
| Grevy's zebra
| Grévy's zebra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q422071'
| [[Guar gum]]
| guar gum
| Guar gum
| group or class of chemical entities
| group or class of chemical entities
|- class='wd_q25230'
| [[Guernsey]]
| Guernsey
| Guernsey
| [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]&lt;br/&gt;bailiwick
| Crown Dependencies&lt;br/&gt;bailiwick
|- class='wd_q187274'
| [[Gulf o Sidra]]
| Gulf of Sidra
| Gulf o Sidra
| bay&lt;br/&gt;gulf
| bay&lt;br/&gt;gulf
|- class='wd_q386777'
| [[Gulripsh Destrict]]
| Gulripsh District
| Gulripsh Destrict
| district of Abkhazia
| district of Abkhazia
|- class='wd_q12861'
| [[gunpouder]]
| gunpowder
| Gunpouder
| explosive material&lt;br/&gt;mixtur
| explosive chemicals&lt;br/&gt;mixture
|- class='wd_q734'
| [[Guyana]]
| Guyana
| Guyana
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q60654'
| [[Gypjak]]
| Gypjak
| Gypjak
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q202406'
| [[haddock]]
| haddock
| Haddock
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;food product
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;food product
|- class='wd_q609630'
| [[Haflinger]]
| Haflinger
| Haflinger
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q72818'
| [[Hai Phong]]
| Haiphong
| Hai Phong
| Municipalities o Vietnam&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| cities in Vietnam&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q37707'
| [[haiku]]
| haiku
| Haiku
| poetic form&lt;br/&gt;poetry genre
| poetic form&lt;br/&gt;poetry genre
|- class='wd_q2840'
| [[Haingles]]
| influenza
| Haingles
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom or sign
|- class='wd_q7209'
| [[Han dynasty]]
| Han dynasty
| Han dynasty
| historical state&lt;br/&gt;historical period&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty&lt;br/&gt;historical Chinese state
| historical country&lt;br/&gt;historical period&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty&lt;br/&gt;historical Chinese state
|- class='wd_q82199'
| [[Hande Yener]]
| Hande Yener
| Hande Yener
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q8222'
| [[Hangul]]
| Hangul
| Hangul
| syllabary&lt;br/&gt;phonetic transcription&lt;br/&gt;featural writing system&lt;br/&gt;constructed writing system&lt;br/&gt;alphabetic writing system&lt;br/&gt;unicase alphabet&lt;br/&gt;phonemic transcription
| syllabary&lt;br/&gt;phonetic transcription&lt;br/&gt;featural writing system&lt;br/&gt;constructed writing system&lt;br/&gt;alphabetic writing system&lt;br/&gt;unicase alphabet&lt;br/&gt;phonemic transcription
|- class='wd_q155794'
| [[Hans Bethe]]
| Hans Bethe
| Hans Bethe
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q42908'
| [[Hanseatic League]]
| Hanseatic League
| Hanseatic League
| organization&lt;br/&gt;[[confederation]]
| organization&lt;br/&gt;confederation
|- class='wd_q130881'
| [[Hanukkah]]
| Hanukkah
| Hanukkah
| public holiday&lt;br/&gt;[[haliday]]&lt;br/&gt;annual event
| public holiday&lt;br/&gt;holiday&lt;br/&gt;annual event
|- class='wd_q82261'
| [[Haplorhini|Haplorrhini]]
| Q82261
| Haplorhini
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2013262'
| [[Harasta]]
| Harasta
| Harasta
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
| city&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
|- class='wd_q83270'
| [[Haurd rock|Hard rock]]
| hard rock
| Haurd rock
| [[muisic genre]]
| music genre
|- class='wd_q310260'
| [[Harold Shipman]]
| Harold Shipman
| Harold Shipman
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q3458906'
| [[Harrisburg, Oregon|Harrisburg]]
| Harrisburg
| Harrisburg, Oregon
| city of Oregon
| city of Oregon
|- class='wd_q15485284'
| [[Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel]]
| Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel
| Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q214861'
| [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport]]
| Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
| Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta Internaitional Airport
| internaitional airport&lt;br/&gt;airport&lt;br/&gt;commercial traffic aerodrome
| international airport&lt;br/&gt;airport&lt;br/&gt;commercial traffic aerodrome
|- class='wd_q13371'
| [[Harvard Varsity]]
| Harvard University
| Harvard Varsity
| private varsity&lt;br/&gt;colonial colleges&lt;br/&gt;research university&lt;br/&gt;private not-for-profit educational institution
| private university&lt;br/&gt;colonial colleges&lt;br/&gt;research university&lt;br/&gt;private not-for-profit educational institution
|- class='wd_q8418'
| [[haundbaw]]
| handball
| Haundbaw
| [[sport]]&lt;br/&gt;[[gemme]]&lt;br/&gt;type o sport&lt;br/&gt;Olympic sport&lt;br/&gt;baw gemme
| sport&lt;br/&gt;game&lt;br/&gt;type of sport&lt;br/&gt;Olympic sport&lt;br/&gt;ball game
|- class='wd_q26198'
| [[haver craw]]
| carrion crow
| Haver craw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q754475'
| [[Havre de Grace, Maryland|Havre de Grace]]
| Havre de Grace
| Havre de Grace, Maryland
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q16035842'
| [[hearin loss]]
| hearing loss
| Hearin loss
| heal problem
| health problem
|- class='wd_q7064'
| [[Hedonism]]
| hedonism
| Hedonism
| [[warld view]]
| worldview
|- class='wd_q349982'
| [[Hegang]]
| Hegang
| Hegang
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q48352'
| [[heid o state]]
| head of state
| Heid o state
| public offeecial&lt;br/&gt;type of position
| public office&lt;br/&gt;type of position
|- class='wd_q164061'
| [[Helen o Troy]]
| Helen of Troy
| Helen o Troy
| legendary progenitor&lt;br/&gt;mythological Greek character
| legendary progenitor&lt;br/&gt;mythological Greek character
|- class='wd_q26949'
| [[Helianthus]]
| Helianthus
| Helianthus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2042538'
| [[Hellenic leids]]
| Hellenic
| Hellenic leids
| [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]
| language family
|- class='wd_q173821'
| [[Helmand Province]]
| Helmand Province
| Helmand Province
| [[Provinces o Afghanistan]]
| province of Afghanistan
|- class='wd_q41688'
| [[Hendrik Lorentz]]
| Hendrik Lorentz
| Hendrik Lorentz
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q82445'
| [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]]
| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
| Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q103556'
| [[Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor]]
| Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
| Henry II, Haly Roman Emperor
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q60094'
| [[Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor|Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| Henry IV
| Henry IV, Haly Roman Emperor
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q20203290'
| [[Henry John Dobson]]
| Henry John Dobson
| Henry John Dobson
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q187765'
| [[Henry Miller]]
| Henry Miller
| Henry Miller
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q157661'
| [[hepatitis A]]
| hepatitis A
| Hepatitis A
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q6853'
| [[hepatitis B]]
| hepatitis B
| Hepatitis B
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q154869'
| [[hepatitis C]]
| hepatitis C
| Hepatitis C
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q71016'
| [[Herbert Kroemer]]
| Herbert Kroemer
| Herbert Kroemer
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q152491'
| [[Herzliya]]
| Herzliya
| Herzliya
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q1588936'
| [[Heysham nuclear pouer station]]
| Heysham nuclear power stations
| Heysham nuclear pouer station
| place&lt;br/&gt;group
| geographic location&lt;br/&gt;group
|- class='wd_q878223'
| [[Hieland]]
| highland
| Hieland
| landscape&lt;br/&gt;terrain type
| landscape&lt;br/&gt;terrain type
|- class='wd_q644305'
| [[Hillman Avenger]]
| Hillman Avenger
| Hillman Avenger
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q188754'
| [[Himeji Castle]]
| Himeji Castle
| Himeji Castle
| Japanese castle&lt;br/&gt;château&lt;br/&gt;hirayamajiro
| Japanese castle&lt;br/&gt;château&lt;br/&gt;hirayamajiro
|- class='wd_q1765322'
| [[Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station]]
| Hinkley Point A nuclear power station
| Hinkley Point A nuclear pouer station
| [[Nuclear pouer station]]
| nuclear power plant
|- class='wd_q5767271'
| [[Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station]]
| Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
| Hinkley Point C nuclear pouer station
| [[Nuclear pouer station]]
| nuclear power plant
|- class='wd_q213336'
| [[Hippopotamidae]]
| Hippopotamidae
| Hippopotamidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48332'
| [[Hiragana]]
| hiragana
| Hiragana
| syllabary&lt;br/&gt;unicase alphabet&lt;br/&gt;natural writing system
| syllabary&lt;br/&gt;unicase alphabet&lt;br/&gt;natural writing system
|- class='wd_q188660'
| [[hoatzin]]
| Hoatzin
| Hoatzin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q130875'
| [[Hohenstaufen]]
| House of Hohenstaufen
| Hohenstaufen
| ryal hoose
| royal house
|- class='wd_q65324818'
| [[Holborn Street railwey Station]]
| Holborn Street railway station
| Holborn Street railwey Station
| former railway station
| former railway station
|- class='wd_q1624389'
| [[Holden Statesman]]
| Holden Caprice
| Holden Statesman
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q10259'
| [[Holi]]
| Holii
| Holi
| festival&lt;br/&gt;spring festival
| festival&lt;br/&gt;spring festival
|- class='wd_q1138378'
| [[Hollywood Hills]]
| Hollywood Hills
| Hollywood Hills
| district or neighborhood of Los Angeles
| district or neighborhood of Los Angeles
|- class='wd_q2763'
| [[Holocaust]]
| The Holocaust
| Holocaust
| racism&lt;br/&gt;genocide&lt;br/&gt;crime against humanity&lt;br/&gt;hate crime&lt;br/&gt;state crime&lt;br/&gt;key event&lt;br/&gt;ethnic violence
| racism&lt;br/&gt;genocide&lt;br/&gt;crime against humanity&lt;br/&gt;hate crime&lt;br/&gt;state crime&lt;br/&gt;key event&lt;br/&gt;ethnic violence
|- class='wd_q165058'
| [[Holodomor]]
| Holodomor
| Holodomor
| genocide&lt;br/&gt;faimin&lt;br/&gt;mass killings under communist regimes&lt;br/&gt;communist crime
| genocide&lt;br/&gt;famine&lt;br/&gt;mass killings under communist regimes&lt;br/&gt;communist crime
|- class='wd_q12548'
| [[Halie Romane Rik|Holy Roman Empire]]
| Holy Roman Empire
| Halie Romane Rik
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q16984765'
| [[Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982]]
| The Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982
| Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982
| Order in Council&lt;br/&gt;UK Statutory Instrument
| Order in Council&lt;br/&gt;UK Statutory Instrument
|- class='wd_q9584'
| [[Honda]]
| Honda
| Honda
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;motorcycle manufacturer
| automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;motorcycle manufacturer
|- class='wd_q726'
| [[Horse]]
| horse
| Horse
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q84122'
| [[Horus]]
| Horus
| Horus
| war deity
| war deity
|- class='wd_q25405'
| [[Huidit craw|Huidit Craw]]
| Hooded Crow
| Huidit craw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q38994'
| [[Human Development Index]]
| Human Development Index
| Human Development Index
| index number&lt;br/&gt;wellbeing index
| index number&lt;br/&gt;wellbeing index
|- class='wd_q30535'
| [[huntin hawk]]
| Peregrine Falcon
| Huntin hawk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q16422'
| [[Hurricane Katrina]]
| Hurricane Katrina
| Hurricane Katrina
| hurricane
| hurricane
|- class='wd_q2409'
| [[hydrochloric acid]]
| hydrochloric acid
| Hydrochloric acid
| type of mixture of chemical entities
| type of mixture of chemical entities
|- class='wd_q42046'
| [[Hyena]]
| Hyaenidae
| Hyena
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q53099'
| [[Hyrax]]
| Hyracoidea
| Hyrax
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q129727'
| [[Ibeirien lynx|Iberie lynx]]
| Iberian lynx
| Ibeirien lynx
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q179503'
| [[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs]]
| Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs
| Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs
| animatit film
| animated film
|- class='wd_q190910'
| [[Ice Age: The Meltdown]]
| Ice Age: The Meltdown
| Ice Age: The Meltdown
| animatit film
| animated film
|- class='wd_q1325808'
| [[Ice creestals|ice creestal]]
| ice crystal
| Ice creestals
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q194515'
| [[Ichthyosaur|Ichthyosauria]]
| Ichthyosauria
| Ichthyosaur
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q248339'
| [[Ignition coil]]
| ignition coil
| Ignition coil
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q221378'
| [[Ile shale]]
| oil shale
| Ile shale
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q276093'
| [[IMI Galil]]
| IWI Galil
| IMI Galil
| weapon model
| weapon model
|- class='wd_q132576'
| [[Impala]]
| impala
| Impala
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q729553'
| [[Indien leopard|Indie leopard]]
| Indian leopard
| Indien leopard
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q103817'
| [[indigenous fowks]]
| indigenous people
| Indigenous fowks
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1017537'
| [[Innerurie]]
| Inverurie
| Innerurie
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q1735'
| [[Innsbruck]]
| Innsbruck
| Innsbruck
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;statutory city of Austria&lt;br/&gt;municipality o Austrick&lt;br/&gt;district of Austria&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;toun wi toun richts an privileges
| city&lt;br/&gt;statutory city of Austria&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Austria&lt;br/&gt;district of Austria&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;place with town rights and privileges
|- class='wd_q1390'
| [[Insect]]
| insect
| Insect
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1869874'
| [[insomnia]]
| insomnia
| Insomnia
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom type
| type of disease&lt;br/&gt;symptom type
|- class='wd_q3476589'
| [[Interrogation scene]]
| interrogation scene
| Interrogation scene
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q6060054'
| [[Inverclyde Line]]
| Inverclyde Line
| Inverclyde Line
| railway line
| railway line
|- class='wd_q392110'
| [[IONIS Education Group]]
| IONIS Education Group
| IONIS Education Group
| joint-stock company
| joint-stock company
|- class='wd_q11135'
| [[IP address]]
| IP address
| IP address
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q114065797'
| [[Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests|Iran's 2022 kintrawide protests]]
| Mahsa Amini protests
| Iran's 2022-3 kintrawide protests
| rebellion&lt;br/&gt;demonstration&lt;br/&gt;[[protest]]
| rebellion&lt;br/&gt;demonstration&lt;br/&gt;protest
|- class='wd_q4165309'
| [[Iraq Inquiry]]
| Iraq Inquiry
| Iraq Inquiry
| public inquiry
| public inquiry
|- class='wd_q205047'
| [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]
| Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| Iraqi Kurdistan
| autonomous region&lt;br/&gt;Kurdish-inhabited area
| autonomous region&lt;br/&gt;Kurdish-inhabited area
|- class='wd_q273331'
| [[Irrawaddy dowphin]]
| Irrawaddy dolphin
| Irrawaddy dowphin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q83566'
| [[Isabel Allende]]
| Isabel Allende
| Isabel Allende
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q45859'
| [[Isabella I o Castile|Isabella o Castile]]
| Isabella I of Castile
| Isabella I o Castile
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q189387'
| [[Ischia]]
| Ischia
| Ischia
| volcanic island
| volcanic island
|- class='wd_q2429253'
| [[Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant]]
| Islamic State
| Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant
| caliphate&lt;br/&gt;Islamic state&lt;br/&gt;armed organization&lt;br/&gt;self-proclaimed state&lt;br/&gt;quasi-state
| caliphate&lt;br/&gt;Islamic state&lt;br/&gt;armed organization&lt;br/&gt;self-proclaimed state&lt;br/&gt;quasi-state
|- class='wd_q25276'
| [[isotope]]
| isotope
| Isotope
| second-order class
| second-order class
|- class='wd_q1674974'
| [[Isuzu Piazza]]
| Isuzu Piazza
| Isuzu Piazza
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q192786'
| [[Italian cuisine]]
| Italian cuisine
| Italian cuisine
| national cuisine
| national cuisine
|- class='wd_q174971'
| [[Itō Hirobumi]]
| Itō Hirobumi
| Itō Hirobumi
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1700920'
| [[J. Michael Kosterlitz]]
| J. Michael Kosterlitz
| J. Michael Kosterlitz
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q9773'
| [[J]]
| J/j
| J
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q167852'
| [[Jabir ibn Hayyan]]
| Jabir ibn Hayyan
| Jabir ibn Hayyan
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q16568'
| [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
| Q16568
| Jacksonville, Florida
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|- class='wd_q130631'
| [[Jacques Derrida]]
| Jacques Derrida
| Jacques Derrida
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q37899'
| [[Jagdterrier]]
| Jagdterrier
| Jagdterrier
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q6122893'
| [[Jaguar Land Rover]]
| Jaguar Land Rover
| Jaguar Land Rover
| subsidiary company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| subsidiary company&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q182304'
| [[Jaguarundi]]
| Jaguarundi
| Jaguarundi
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3630'
| [[Jakarta]]
| Jakarta
| Jakarta
| [[Provinces o Indonesie]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[global ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;Daerah Khusus&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
| province of Indonesia&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;global city&lt;br/&gt;Daerah Khusus&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
|- class='wd_q487640'
| [[Jalal-Abad Region|Jalal-Abad Province]]
| Jalal-Abad Region
| Jalal-Abad Region
| [[Regions o Kyrgyzstan]]
| region of Kyrgyzstan
|- class='wd_q33377'
| [[Jalandhar]]
| Jalandhar
| Jalandhar
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q6882'
| [[James Joyce]]
| James Joyce
| James Joyce
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q8962'
| [[James Prescott Joule]]
| James Prescott Joule
| James Prescott Joule
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q213726'
| [[Jankel Adler]]
| Jankel Adler
| Jankel Adler
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1645980'
| [[Jatt]]
| Jats
| Jatt
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q246087'
| [[Jbeil Destrict]]
| Jbeil District
| Jbeil Destrict
| [[Destricts o Lebanon]]
| district of Lebanon
|- class='wd_q128543'
| [[Jean Chrétien]]
| Jean Chrétien
| Jean Chrétien
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q45682'
| [[Jean Sibelius]]
| Jean Sibelius
| Jean Sibelius
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q162708'
| [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]]
| Jean-Bedel Bokassa
| Jean-Bédel Bokassa
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q28180'
| [[Jefferson City]]
| Jefferson City
| Jefferson City
| [[Caipital|caipital ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| capital city&lt;br/&gt;county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q189895'
| [[Jennifer Jones (actress)|Jennifer Jones]]
| Jennifer Jones
| Jennifer Jones (actress)
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q291169'
| [[Jeremy Corbyn]]
| Jeremy Corbyn
| Jeremy Corbyn
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q658527'
| [[Jericho Govrenorate]]
| Jericho Governorate
| Jericho Govrenorate
| [[Govrenorates o Palestine]]
| governorate of the State of Palestine
|- class='wd_q6184230'
| [[Jerry Parr]]
| Jerry Parr
| Jerry Parr
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q785'
| [[Jersey]]
| Jersey
| Jersey
| [[Croun dependencies|Breetish crown dependency]]
| Crown Dependencies
|- class='wd_q454251'
| [[Jimmy Johnstone]]
| Jimmy Johnstone
| Jimmy Johnstone
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q181'
| [[Jimmy Wales]]
| Jimmy Wales
| Jimmy Wales
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q6204319'
| [[Jo Jorgensen]]
| Jo Jorgensen
| Jo Jorgensen
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q10940'
| [[jockstrap]]
| jockstrap
| Jockstrap
| [[Cleidin|claes]]
| clothing
|- class='wd_q5879'
| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
| Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
| Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q324028'
| [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]]
| John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute
| John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1588306'
| [[John Walker (naitural historian)|John Walker]]
| John Walker
| John Walker (naitural historian)
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q231318'
| [[Johor Bahru]]
| Johor Bahru
| Johor Bahru
| city of Malaysia
| city of Malaysia
|- class='wd_q855'
| [[Joseph Stalin]]
| Joseph Stalin
| Joseph Stalin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q213844'
| [[Judith Malina]]
| Judith Malina
| Judith Malina
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2986022'
| [[Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide]]
| Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
| Juistice Commandos o the Armenie Genocide
| armed organization
| armed organization
|- class='wd_q214028'
| [[Julie Revolution]]
| July Revolution
| Julie Revolution
| [[Revolution]]
| revolution
|- class='wd_q161333'
| [[Juncus acutiflorus]]
| Juncus acutiflorus
| Juncus acutiflorus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q297838'
| [[Jusepe de Ribera]]
| Jusepe de Ribera
| Jusepe de Ribera
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q185117'
| [[Justin Mairtyr|Justin Martyr]]
| Justin Martyr
| Justin Mairtyr
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q951930'
| [[Juviles]]
| Juviles
| Juviles
| municipality of Spain
| municipality of Spain
|- class='wd_q56430'
| [[Jèrriais]]
| Jèrriais
| Jèrriais
| [[Byleid|dialect]]&lt;br/&gt;natural language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
| dialect&lt;br/&gt;natural language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
|- class='wd_q181227'
| [[Jörmungandr]]
| Jörmungandr
| Jörmungandr
| meethological serpent&lt;br/&gt;Norse meethical animal&lt;br/&gt;eschatological figure
| mythological serpent&lt;br/&gt;Norse mythical animal&lt;br/&gt;eschatological figure
|- class='wd_q29466'
| [[Kaaba]]
| Kaaba
| Kaaba
| sacred place
| sacred place
|- class='wd_q152659'
| [[Kafr Qasim]]
| Kafr Qasim
| Kafr Qasim
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;city council
| city&lt;br/&gt;city council
|- class='wd_q179570'
| [[Kairouan]]
| Kairouan
| Kairouan
| municipality of Tunisia
| municipality of Tunisia
|- class='wd_q179959'
| [[kakapo]]
| Kakapo
| Kakapo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q605160'
| [[Kamëz]]
| Kamëz
| Kamëz
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;average city
| city&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;average city
|- class='wd_q5070208'
| [[kangaroo]]
| kangaroo
| Kangaroo
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q181557'
| [[Kaohsiung]]
| Kaohsiung
| Kaohsiung
| special municipality
| special municipality
|- class='wd_q192273'
| [[Karelie]]
| Karelia
| Karelie
| historical region&lt;br/&gt;cultural region
| historical region&lt;br/&gt;cultural region
|- class='wd_q3037'
| [[Kathmandu]]
| Kathmandu
| Kathmandu
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;[[municipality]]&lt;br/&gt;federal caipital&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| city&lt;br/&gt;municipality&lt;br/&gt;federal capital&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q134301'
| [[Katyn massacre]]
| Katyn massacre
| Katyn massacre
| war crime&lt;br/&gt;[[mass murther]]&lt;br/&gt;mass killings under communist regimes&lt;br/&gt;massacre
| war crime&lt;br/&gt;mass murder&lt;br/&gt;mass killings under communist regimes&lt;br/&gt;massacre
|- class='wd_q46702'
| [[Kavajë]]
| Kavajë
| Kavajë
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;small city
| city&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;small city
|- class='wd_q20064322'
| [[Kavurma]]
| kavurma
| Kavurma
| cold cut
| cold cut
|- class='wd_q6379727'
| [[Kawasaki 454 LTD]]
| Kawasaki 454 LTD
| Kawasaki 454 LTD
| motorcycle model
| motorcycle model
|- class='wd_q164234'
| [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa]]
| Kawasaki
| Kawasaki, Kanagawa
| [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]&lt;br/&gt;satellite city&lt;br/&gt;city designated by government ordinance
| city of Japan&lt;br/&gt;satellite city&lt;br/&gt;city designated by government ordinance
|- class='wd_q239928'
| [[Kay Bailey Hutchison]]
| Kay Bailey Hutchison
| Kay Bailey Hutchison
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q181598'
| [[Keeng Lear]]
| King Lear
| Keeng Lear
| dramatic work
| dramatic work
|- class='wd_q31747665'
| [[King o Ingland|Keeng o Ingland]]
| Q31747665
| King o Ingland
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q378560'
| [[Leest o pechtish kings|Keeng o the Pechts]]
| list of kings of the Picts
| Leest o pechtish kings
| poseetion&lt;br/&gt;Wikimedia information list
| position&lt;br/&gt;Wikimedia information list
|- class='wd_q182209'
| [[keeng penguin]]
| King Penguin
| Keeng penguin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q470072'
| [[Keeng Zhou o Shang]]
| King Zhou of Shang
| Keeng Zhou o Shang
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q79915'
| [[keeng's fisher]]
| Common Kingfisher
| Keeng's fisher
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q547122'
| [[Keith O'Brien]]
| Keith O'Brien
| Keith O'Brien
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q387278'
| [[Kellas cat]]
| Kellas cat
| Kellas cat
| hybrid
| hybrid
|- class='wd_q294436'
| [[Kelso]]
| Kelso
| Kelso
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q868654'
| [[Kelso, Washington|Kelso]]
| Kelso
| Kelso, Washington
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q42034'
| [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]
| Khadija bint Khuwaylid
| Khadija bint Khuwaylid
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1429685'
| [[Khagrachari Destrict]]
| Khagrachari District
| Khagrachari Destrict
| district of Bangladesh
| district of Bangladesh
|- class='wd_q696241'
| [[Khanate o Kokand]]
| Khanate of Kokand
| Khanate o Kokand
| khanate&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| khanate&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q6320'
| [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]]
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
| [[Federal subjects o Roushie|federal subject o Roushie]]&lt;br/&gt;[[autonomous okrugs o Roushie]]
| federal subject of Russia&lt;br/&gt;autonomous district of Russia
|- class='wd_q310114'
| [[Khartoum North]]
| Khartoum North
| Khartoum North
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q33614'
| [[Khoisan leids]]
| Khoisan
| Khoisan leids
| [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]
| language family
|- class='wd_q109092'
| [[Kilkenny]]
| Kilkenny
| Kilkenny
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;[[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland&lt;br/&gt;town council in the Republic of Ireland
| city&lt;br/&gt;town&lt;br/&gt;Ceremonial cities of the Republic of Ireland&lt;br/&gt;town council in the Republic of Ireland
|- class='wd_q329477'
| [[kilometre zero]]
| kilometre zero
| Kilometre zero
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q254630'
| [[kinkajou]]
| kinkajou
| Kinkajou
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q107299'
| [[Kinrick o Northumbrie]]
| Kingdom of Northumbria
| Kinrick o Northumbrie
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q45670'
| [[Kinrick o Portugal]]
| Kingdom of Portugal
| Kinrick o Portugal
| kingdom&lt;br/&gt;dual monarchy&lt;br/&gt;historical state&lt;br/&gt;colonial power
| kingdom&lt;br/&gt;dual monarchy&lt;br/&gt;historical country&lt;br/&gt;colonial power
|- class='wd_q833607'
| [[Kirk's dik-dik]]
| Kirk's dik-dik
| Kirk's dik-dik
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q208329'
| [[Kirkwaa]]
| Kirkwall
| Kirkwaa
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q83232'
| [[Kiruna]]
| Kiruna
| Kiruna
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;urban area in Sweden
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;urban area in Sweden
|- class='wd_q501543'
| [[Kiryat Malakhi]]
| Kiryat Malachi
| Kiryat Malakhi
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q745751'
| [[kit tod]]
| kit fox
| Kit tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q107061'
| [[Kite (geometry)|kite]]
| kite
| Kite (geometry)
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q80357904'
| [[Klepetan an Malena]]
| Klepetan and Malena
| Klepetan an Malena
| individual animal&lt;br/&gt;dyad&lt;br/&gt;animal duo
| individual animal&lt;br/&gt;dyad&lt;br/&gt;animal duo
|- class='wd_q36101'
| [[koala]]
| koala
| Koala
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q211042'
| [[kodkod]]
| kodkod
| Kodkod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q378846'
| [[koi]]
| koi
| Koi
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q779745'
| [[Koinobori]]
| koinobori
| Koinobori
| banner (flag)
| banner (flag)
|- class='wd_q4504'
| [[Komodo draigon]]
| Komodo dragon
| Komodo draigon
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48472'
| [[Konye-Urgench]]
| Köneürgenç
| Konye-Urgench
| city of Turkmenistan&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site
| city of Turkmenistan&lt;br/&gt;archaeological site
|- class='wd_q1579864'
| [[Korowai fowk]]
| Korowai people
| Korowai fowk
| ethnic groups in Indonesia&lt;br/&gt;native Indonesians
| ethnic groups in Indonesia&lt;br/&gt;native Indonesians
|- class='wd_q659042'
| [[Korydallos]]
| Korydallos
| Korydallos
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q116341'
| [[Korçë]]
| Korçë
| Korçë
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;[[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;human settlement
| city&lt;br/&gt;town&lt;br/&gt;human settlement
|- class='wd_q28729'
| [[Kozhikode]]
| Kozhikode
| Kozhikode
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q925042'
| [[Krampus]]
| Krampus
| Krampus
| figure used in threatening children&lt;br/&gt;Popanz&lt;br/&gt;meethical character&lt;br/&gt;folklore character
| figure used in threatening children&lt;br/&gt;Q2104078&lt;br/&gt;mythical character&lt;br/&gt;folklore character
|- class='wd_q1768091'
| [[Kuressaare Castle]]
| Kuressaare Castle
| Kuressaare Castle
| [[castle]]
| castle
|- class='wd_q15470'
| [[L'Hospitalet de Llobregat]]
| L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Catalonia
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Catalonia
|- class='wd_q1038912'
| [[La Costa Partido]]
| La Costa Partido
| La Costa Partido
| [[municipality]]&lt;br/&gt;partido of Buenos Aires Province
| municipality&lt;br/&gt;partido of Buenos Aires Province
|- class='wd_q549267'
| [[Laacher See]]
| Laacher See
| Laacher See
| volcanic crater lake
| volcanic crater lake
|- class='wd_q9630'
| [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour Pairty]]
| Labour Party
| Labour Pairty (UK)
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q162356'
| [[Lady Jane Grey]]
| Lady Jane Greykjbh
| Lady Jane Grey
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q53662'
| [[Laika]]
| Laika
| Laika
| [[dug]]&lt;br/&gt;Soviet space dog&lt;br/&gt;individual animal
| dog&lt;br/&gt;Soviet space dog&lt;br/&gt;individual animal
|- class='wd_q12585'
| [[Laitin Americae]]
| Latin America
| Laitin Americae
| cultural region&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental region
| cultural region&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental region
|- class='wd_q15523'
| [[Loch Como|Lake Como]]
| Lake Como
| Loch Como
| glacial lake
| glacial lake
|- class='wd_q462804'
| [[Lakewood, Colorado|Lakewood]]
| Lakewood
| Lakewood, Colorado
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q21742'
| [[Lamiales]]
| Q21742
| Lamiales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q185'
| [[Larry Sanger]]
| Larry Sanger
| Larry Sanger
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q14480'
| [[Las Cabras]]
| Las Cabras
| Las Cabras
| commune o Chile&lt;br/&gt;city in Chile
| commune of Chile&lt;br/&gt;city in Chile
|- class='wd_q3241535'
| [[Latino Moderne]]
| Latino moderne
| Latino Moderne
| [[constructit leid]]
| constructed language
|- class='wd_q697175'
| [[launch vehicle]]
| launch vehicle
| Launch vehicle
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q26538'
| [[Lauraceae]]
| Lauraceae
| Lauraceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q171892'
| [[Lavandula]]
| Lavandula
| Lavandula
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q164321'
| [[law o cosines]]
| law of cosines
| Law o cosines
| theorem
| theorem
|- class='wd_q42497'
| [[Lawer Austrick]]
| Lower Austria
| Lawer Austrick
| federal state of Austria&lt;br/&gt;historical region
| federal state of Austria&lt;br/&gt;historical region
|- class='wd_q9624'
| [[Leeberal Democrats (UK)|Leeberal Democrats]]
| Liberal Democrats
| Leeberal Democrats (UK)
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q6216'
| [[leeberalism]]
| liberalism
| Leeberalism
| [[Poleetical philosophy|poleetical filosofie]]&lt;br/&gt;social philosophy&lt;br/&gt;poleetical ideology
| political philosophy&lt;br/&gt;social philosophy&lt;br/&gt;political ideology
|- class='wd_q1023630'
| [[leet o current heids o state an govrenment]]
| List of current heads of state and government
| Leet o current heids o state an govrenment
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q11750'
| [[Leet o kintras]]
| list of sovereign states
| Leet o kintras
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q260023'
| [[Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area|leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi aurie]]
| list of countries and dependencies by area
| Leet o sovereign states an dependencies bi area
| Wikimedia ranked list
| Wikimedia ranked list
|- class='wd_q182162'
| [[Leet o Swadish monarchs]]
| list of Swedish monarchs
| Leet o Swadish monarchs
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q2364801'
| [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey]]
| list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey
| Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in Turkey
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q789447'
| [[Caurie-fistit|left-haundit]]
| left-handedness
| Caurie-fistit
| handedness
| handedness
|- class='wd_q186462'
| [[Lemuridae]]
| Lemuridae
| Lemuridae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1817577'
| [[Leng Tch'e]]
| Leng Tch'e
| Leng Tch'e
| muisic baund
| musical group
|- class='wd_q7243'
| [[Leo Tolstoy]]
| Leo Tolstoy
| Leo Tolstoy
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1728820'
| [[Leo Varadkar]]
| Leo Varadkar
| Leo Varadkar
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q42627'
| [[leopard cat]]
| Prionailurus bengalensis
| Leopard cat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q93259'
| [[Lesser Antilles]]
| Lesser Antilles
| Lesser Antilles
| airchipelago
| archipelago
|- class='wd_q83193'
| [[lettuce]]
| Lactuca sativa
| Lettuce
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q363778'
| [[Lewis an Harris]]
| Lewis and Harris
| Lewis an Harris
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q38082'
| [[Lewis Carroll]]
| Lewis Carroll
| Lewis Carroll
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q19875108'
| [[Leyland 4-tonne truck]]
| Leyland 4-tonne truck
| Leyland 4-tonne truck
| truck model&lt;br/&gt;military vehicle model
| truck model&lt;br/&gt;military vehicle model
|- class='wd_q1129737'
| [[Lezgins]]
| Lezgins
| Lezgins
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q202435'
| [[Lieutenancy areas o Scotland|Lieutenancy auries o Scotland]]
| lieutenancy area of Scotland
| Lieutenancy areas o Scotland
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q747404'
| [[Limescale]]
| limescale
| Limescale
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q165838'
| [[limnologie]]
| limnology
| Limnologie
| special field&lt;br/&gt;academic major&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
| field of study&lt;br/&gt;academic major&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
|- class='wd_q8162'
| [[lingueestics]]
| linguistics
| Lingueestics
| special field&lt;br/&gt;field o study&lt;br/&gt;academic major&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
| field of study&lt;br/&gt;academic major&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
|- class='wd_q388'
| [[Linux]]
| Linux
| Linux
| [[saftware]]
| software
|- class='wd_q140'
| [[lion]]
| lion
| Lion
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q287975'
| [[Liopleurodon]]
| Liopleurodon
| Liopleurodon
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q3490'
| [[Lipetsk]]
| Lipetsk
| Lipetsk
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
|- class='wd_q11367'
| [[lipid]]
| lipid
| Lipid
| imprecise class of chemical entities
| imprecise class of chemical entities
|- class='wd_q18858'
| [[Little whaup]]
| Eurasian Whimbrel
| Little whaup
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q7240'
| [[Lockheed Martin]]
| Lockheed Martin
| Lockheed Martin
| public company&lt;br/&gt;defense contractor
| public company&lt;br/&gt;defense contractor
|- class='wd_q207540'
| [[Lod]]
| Lod
| Lod
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;depopulated Palestinian village
| city&lt;br/&gt;depopulated Palestinian village
|- class='wd_q230493'
| [[Long Beach]]
| Long Beach
| Long Beach
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q177854'
| [[Lorenzo de' Medici]]
| Lorenzo de' Medici
| Lorenzo de' Medici
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q65'
| [[Los Angeles]]
| Los Angeles
| Los Angeles
| charter ceety
| charter city
|- class='wd_q152463'
| [[Louis the German]]
| Louis the German
| Louis the German
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q43668'
| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]]
| Louisville
| Louisville, Kentucky
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|- class='wd_q41805'
| [[Lucia de Berk]]
| Lucia de Berk
| Lucia de Berk
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q47916'
| [[Lucknow]]
| Lucknow
| Lucknow
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| big city&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q9325'
| [[Lufthansa]]
| Lufthansa
| Lufthansa
| airline&lt;br/&gt;public company
| airline&lt;br/&gt;public company
|- class='wd_q134279'
| [[Luhansk]]
| Luhansk
| Luhansk
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city in Ukraine
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city in Ukraine
|- class='wd_q26901'
| [[Luis Antonio Tagle]]
| Luis Antonio Tagle
| Luis Antonio Tagle
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1159913'
| [[Luna 1]]
| Luna 1
| Luna 1
| lunar probe&lt;br/&gt;artificial satellite of the Sun&lt;br/&gt;flyby probe
| lunar probe&lt;br/&gt;artificial satellite of the Sun&lt;br/&gt;flyby probe
|- class='wd_q84'
| [[Lunnon]]
| London
| Lunnon
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;[[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[global ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;poleetical diveesion&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
| city&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;metropolis&lt;br/&gt;global city&lt;br/&gt;political territorial entity&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
|- class='wd_q187136'
| [[Luoyang]]
| Luoyang
| Luoyang
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;former capital
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;former capital
|- class='wd_q212725'
| [[Lupang Hinirang]]
| Lupang Hinirang
| Lupang Hinirang
| [[Naitional anthem]]
| national anthem
|- class='wd_q937595'
| [[Lusitano]]
| Lusitano
| Lusitano
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q164193'
| [[Lviv Oblast]]
| Lviv Oblast
| Lviv Oblast
| oblast o Ukraine
| oblast of Ukraine
|- class='wd_q132687'
| [[Lycalopex]]
| South American foxes
| Lycalopex
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q173651'
| [[African wild dug|Lycaon pictus]]
| African wild dog
| African wild dug
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q13182'
| [[lychee]]
| Litchi chinensis
| Lychee
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q201989'
| [[Lyme disease]]
| Lyme disease
| Lyme disease
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q677014'
| [[Lynx]]
| Lynx
| Lynx
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q131680'
| [[Lystrosaurus]]
| Lystrosaurus
| Lystrosaurus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q3920'
| [[Lüneburg]]
| Lüneburg
| Lüneburg
| destrict caipital&lt;br/&gt;major regional center&lt;br/&gt;Hanseatic ceety&lt;br/&gt;college toun&lt;br/&gt;large independent city of Lower Saxony&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony
| district capital&lt;br/&gt;major regional center&lt;br/&gt;Hanseatic city&lt;br/&gt;college town&lt;br/&gt;large independent city of Lower Saxony&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony
|- class='wd_q878309'
| [[Lý dynasty]]
| Ly dynasty
| Lý dynasty
| dynasty&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| dynasty&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q246154'
| [[M (James Bond)|M]]
| M
| M (James Bond)
| feectional human&lt;br/&gt;film character
| fictional human&lt;br/&gt;film character
|- class='wd_q170318'
| [[M16 rifle|M16]]
| M16 rifle
| M16 rifle
| firearm model
| firearm model
|- class='wd_q310041'
| [[Macadamia]]
| Macadamia
| Macadamia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q405487'
| [[Macanese fowk]]
| Macanese
| Macanese fowk
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q360317'
| [[Mackem]]
| Mackem
| Mackem
| nickname
| nickname
|- class='wd_q23193'
| [[Macropodidae]]
| Macropodidae
| Macropodidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q174322'
| [[Macropus]]
| Macropus
| Macropus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q188965'
| [[Madame de Pompadour]]
| Madame de Pompadour
| Madame de Pompadour
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q3276756'
| [[Magenta]]
| magenta
| Magenta
| primary colour
| primary color
|- class='wd_q16727932'
| [[Maggie Chapman]]
| Maggie Chapman
| Maggie Chapman
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q12519'
| [[Magna Carta]]
| Magna Carta
| Magna Carta
| charter
| charter
|- class='wd_q1307177'
| [[Magneto]]
| magneto
| Magneto
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q120228'
| [[Magnoliaceae]]
| Magnoliaceae
| Magnoliaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1137750'
| [[Magnox]]
| Magnox
| Magnox
| Generation I reactor
| Generation I reactor
|- class='wd_q106807'
| [[Magnus Carlsen]]
| Magnus Carlsen
| Magnus Carlsen
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1191'
| [[Maharashtra]]
| Maharashtra
| Maharashtra
| state of India
| state of India
|- class='wd_q26055'
| [[Mairtin (bird)|mairtin]]
| Common House Martin
| Mairtin (bird)
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q192710'
| [[Malayan tapir]]
| Malayan tapir
| Malayan tapir
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q833'
| [[Malaysie]]
| Malaysia
| Malaysie
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;country sometimes considered transcontinental
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;country sometimes considered transcontinental
|- class='wd_q15944677'
| [[Malaysie–Turkey relations]]
| Malaysia–Turkey relations
| Malaysie–Turkey relations
| bilateral relation
| bilateral relation
|- class='wd_q156551'
| [[Malvaceae]]
| Malvaceae
| Malvaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q9347'
| [[Malé]]
| Malé
| Malé
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;first-level admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;first-level administrative division&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;national capital
|- class='wd_q131038'
| [[Mamenchisaurus]]
| Mamenchisaurus
| Mamenchisaurus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q132676'
| [[Mamoudzou]]
| Mamoudzou
| Mamoudzou
| commune o Fraunce
| commune of France
|- class='wd_q170070'
| [[Manaslu]]
| Manaslu
| Manaslu
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q502269'
| [[Manassas Park, Virginie|Manassas Park]]
| Manassas Park
| Manassas Park, Virginie
| independent ceety&lt;br/&gt;independent city in Virginia
| independent city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;independent city in Virginia
|- class='wd_q40236'
| [[Manaus]]
| Manaus
| Manaus
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality o Brazil
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Brazil
|- class='wd_q145665'
| [[Manchu fowk]]
| Manchu
| Manchu fowk
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q125337'
| [[Mandarin oranger]]
| Citrus reticulata
| Mandarin oranger
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q223587'
| [[Mansoura]]
| Mansoura
| Mansoura
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q1208529'
| [[manual transmission]]
| manual transmission
| Manual transmission
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q5816'
| [[Mao Zedong]]
| Mao Zedong
| Mao Zedong
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q167651'
| [[Maoism]]
| Maoism
| Maoism
| poleetical ideology
| political ideology
|- class='wd_q42292'
| [[maple]]
| Acer
| Maple
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3289612'
| [[Marcelline Akinocho]]
| Marcelline Akinocho
| Marcelline Akinocho
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q7416'
| [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| Margaret Thatcher
| Margaret Thatcher
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q192421'
| [[margay]]
| margay
| Margay
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q131706'
| [[Maria Theresa]]
| Maria Theresa of Austria
| Maria Theresa
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q107041'
| [[Marianne Beuchert]]
| Marianne Beuchert
| Marianne Beuchert
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q467538'
| [[Marisol Valles Garcia]]
| Marisol Valles Garcia
| Marisol Valles Garcia
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q22694'
| [[marjoram]]
| marjoram
| Marjoram
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q6766286'
| [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin]]
| Marjorie Housepian Dobkin
| Marjorie Housepian Dobkin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q187927'
| [[Markhor]]
| Markhor
| Markhor
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25336'
| [[marsupial]]
| marsupial
| Marsupial
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q57689'
| [[Martin McGuinness]]
| Martin McGuinness
| Martin McGuinness
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q11820'
| [[Martin Van Buren]]
| Martin Van Buren
| Martin Van Buren
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q642878'
| [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]
| Marvel Cinematic Universe
| Marvel Cinematic Universe
| media franchise&lt;br/&gt;shared universe&lt;br/&gt;film franchise
| media franchise&lt;br/&gt;shared universe&lt;br/&gt;film franchise
|- class='wd_q174662'
| [[Mary McAleese]]
| Mary McAleese
| Mary McAleese
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q11423'
| [[mass]]
| mass
| Mass
| ISQ base quantity&lt;br/&gt;kind of quantity
| ISQ base quantity&lt;br/&gt;kind of quantity
|- class='wd_q5676'
| [[Matsuo Bashō|Matsuo Basho]]
| Matsuo Bashō
| Matsuo Bashō
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q131230'
| [[Mauna Kea]]
| Mauna Kea
| Mauna Kea
| [[Volcanae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Moontain|muntain]]
| volcano&lt;br/&gt;mountain
|- class='wd_q159762'
| [[Mauna Loa]]
| Mauna Loa
| Mauna Loa
| shield volcano&lt;br/&gt;volcanic landform
| shield volcano&lt;br/&gt;volcanic landform
|- class='wd_q49747'
| [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]
| Maurice Maeterlinck
| Maurice Maeterlinck
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q111'
| [[Maurs]]
| Mars
| Maurs
| superior planet&lt;br/&gt;inner planet of the Solar System
| superior planet&lt;br/&gt;inner planet of the Solar System
|- class='wd_q9021'
| [[Max Planck]]
| Max Planck
| Max Planck
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q44319'
| [[Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie]]
| Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
| Maximilian I Joseph o Bavarie
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q150726'
| [[Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor]]
| Maximilian I
| Maximilian I, Haly Roman Emperor
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25814075'
| [[First May meenistry|May meenistry]]
| First May ministry
| First May meenistry
| Cabinet of the United Kingdom
| Cabinet of the United Kingdom
|- class='wd_q1484'
| [[Mayon Volcano]]
| Mayon Volcano
| Mayon Volcano
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stratovolcano]]&lt;br/&gt;summit
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;stratovolcano&lt;br/&gt;summit
|- class='wd_q308864'
| [[Mazandaran Province]]
| Mazandaran Province
| Mazandaran Province
| [[Provinces o Iran]]
| province of Iran
|- class='wd_q3235204'
| [[Mazda Lantis]]
| Mazda Lantis
| Mazda Lantis
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q482988'
| [[Mazurek Dąbrowskiego]]
| Poland Is Not Yet Lost
| Mazurek Dąbrowskiego
| [[Naitional anthem]]&lt;br/&gt;musical work/composition
| national anthem&lt;br/&gt;musical work/composition
|- class='wd_q201815'
| [[McDonnell Douglas]]
| McDonnell Douglas
| McDonnell Douglas
| aerospace manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;defense contractor&lt;br/&gt;umwhile entity
| aerospace manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;defense contractor&lt;br/&gt;former entity
|- class='wd_q151432'
| [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]]
| McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
| McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q62161'
| [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]
| McDonnell Douglas MD-11
| McDonnell Douglas MD-11
| aircraft faimily
| aircraft family
|- class='wd_q51697'
| [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]]
| McKinney
| McKinney, Texas
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q69488'
| [[MDMA]]
| MDMA
| MDMA
| pharmaceutical product&lt;br/&gt;group of stereoisomers
| pharmaceutical product&lt;br/&gt;group of stereoisomers
|- class='wd_q432473'
| [[Melania Trump]]
| Melania Trump
| Melania Trump
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q33349'
| [[Melitopol]]
| Melitopol
| Melitopol
| city of regional significance of Ukraine
| city of regional significance of Ukraine
|- class='wd_q253918'
| [[Melodic daith metal]]
| melodic death metal
| Melodic daith metal
| [[muisic genre]]
| music genre
|- class='wd_q47859'
| [[Mentha]]
| Q47859
| Mentha
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156153'
| [[Menyanthes|Menyanthes trifoliata]]
| Menyanthes trifoliata
| Menyanthes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q178197'
| [[Mercenar|Mercenary]]
| mercenary
| Mercenar
| [[profession]]
| profession
|- class='wd_q1747363'
| [[Meriden, Wast Midlands|Meriden]]
| Meriden
| Meriden, Wast Midlands
| [[veelage]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]]
| village&lt;br/&gt;civil parish
|- class='wd_q81102410'
| [[Messier 81]]
| Messier 81
| Messier 81
| active galactic nucleus&lt;br/&gt;astronomical radio source&lt;br/&gt;astrophysical X-ray source&lt;br/&gt;infrared source&lt;br/&gt;Seyfert 2 galaxy
| active galactic nucleus&lt;br/&gt;astronomical radio source&lt;br/&gt;astrophysical X-ray source&lt;br/&gt;infrared source&lt;br/&gt;Seyfert 2 galaxy
|- class='wd_q14026'
| [[Messier 82]]
| Messier 82
| Messier 82
| irregular galaxy&lt;br/&gt;interacting galaxy&lt;br/&gt;starburst galaxy&lt;br/&gt;edge-on galaxy&lt;br/&gt;luminous infrared galaxy&lt;br/&gt;astronomical radio source&lt;br/&gt;interacting galaxies
| irregular galaxy&lt;br/&gt;interacting galaxy&lt;br/&gt;starburst galaxy&lt;br/&gt;edge-on galaxy&lt;br/&gt;luminous infrared galaxy&lt;br/&gt;astronomical radio source&lt;br/&gt;interacting galaxies
|- class='wd_q380'
| [[Meta Platforms]]
| Meta Platforms
| Meta Platforms
| public company&lt;br/&gt;online service provider&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]&lt;br/&gt;technology company
| public company&lt;br/&gt;online service provider&lt;br/&gt;business&lt;br/&gt;technology company
|- class='wd_q283789'
| [[Metal rectifier]]
| metal rectifier
| Metal rectifier
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q179200'
| [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
| film production company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| film production company&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q16665897'
| [[Metropolis o Lyon]]
| Metropolis of Lyon
| Metropolis o Lyon
| [[metropolis]]&lt;br/&gt;métropole&lt;br/&gt;territorial collectivity of France with special status
| metropolis&lt;br/&gt;métropole&lt;br/&gt;territorial collectivity of France with special status
|- class='wd_q174273'
| [[meyflee]]
| mayfly
| Meyflee
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q13357'
| [[Meänkieli leid]]
| Meänkieli
| Meänkieli leid
| [[Byleid|dialect]]&lt;br/&gt;leid&lt;br/&gt;minority language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
| dialect&lt;br/&gt;language&lt;br/&gt;minority language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
|- class='wd_q128933'
| [[Michaëlle Jean]]
| Michaëlle Jean
| Michaëlle Jean
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q10731'
| [[Mick Foley]]
| Mick Foley
| Mick Foley
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q6838600'
| [[Mickey Cobras]]
| Mickey Cobras
| Mickey Cobras
| gang
| gang
|- class='wd_q188443'
| [[Micronaition|Micronation]]
| micronation
| Micronaition
| former or current state
| former or current state
|- class='wd_q7204'
| [[Middle East]]
| Middle East
| Middle East
| cultural region&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental region
| cultural region&lt;br/&gt;transcontinental region
|- class='wd_q54238'
| [[Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut|Middlesex Coonty]]
| Middlesex County
| Middlesex Coonty, Connecticut
| county of Connecticut
| county of Connecticut
|- class='wd_q355382'
| [[Midge Ure]]
| Midge Ure
| Midge Ure
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q24313'
| [[Mike Pence]]
| Mike Pence
| Mike Pence
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q30487'
| [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]
| Mikhail Gorbachev
| Mikhail Gorbachev
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q37836'
| [[Milwaukee]]
| Milwaukee
| Milwaukee
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;first-class city
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;first-class city
|- class='wd_q3352'
| [[Miranda (muin)|Miranda]]
| Miranda
| Miranda (muin)
| moon of Uranus&lt;br/&gt;regular moon
| moon of Uranus&lt;br/&gt;regular moon
|- class='wd_q3818116'
| [[Misao Okawa]]
| Misao Okawa
| Misao Okawa
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q178665'
| [[Mitanni]]
| Mitanni
| Mitanni
| kingdom&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| kingdom&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q185126'
| [[Mithridates VI o Pontus]]
| Mithridates VI of Pontus
| Mithridates VI o Pontus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q183275'
| [[Mitsubishi]]
| Mitsubishi
| Mitsubishi
| corporate group&lt;br/&gt;conglomerate&lt;br/&gt;umbrella brand&lt;br/&gt;privately held company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| corporate group&lt;br/&gt;conglomerate&lt;br/&gt;umbrella brand&lt;br/&gt;privately held company&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q1939855'
| [[Mitsubishi Freeca]]
| Mitsubishi Freeca
| Mitsubishi Freeca
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q12244224'
| [[Moez Kamoun]]
| Moez Kamoun
| Moez Kamoun
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q6892571'
| [[Mohammad bin Salman]]
| Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud
| Mohammad bin Salman
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q310592'
| [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]]
| Mohammad-Ali Rajai
| Mohammad-Ali Rajai
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q11369'
| [[molecule]]
| molecule
| Molecule
| group or class of chemical entities
| group or class of chemical entities
|- class='wd_q15624'
| [[Molins de Rei]]
| Molins de Rei
| Molins de Rei
| municipality of Catalonia
| municipality of Catalonia
|- class='wd_q3074303'
| [[Momoko Kōchi]]
| Momoko Kōchi
| Momoko Kōchi
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q116'
| [[monarch]]
| monarch
| Monarch
| ryal or noble rank&lt;br/&gt;poseetion
| noble title&lt;br/&gt;position
|- class='wd_q159496'
| [[Moneses]]
| Moneses
| Moneses
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q33750'
| [[Mongolic leids]]
| Mongolic
| Mongolic leids
| [[Leid faimly|leid faimily]]
| language family
|- class='wd_q41975'
| [[Mongols]]
| Mongols
| Mongols
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q78961'
| [[Monocotyledon|monocots]]
| Q78961
| Monocotyledon
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q179678'
| [[monosodium glutamate]]
| monosodium L-glutamate
| Monosodium glutamate
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q21790'
| [[Monotreme]]
| monotreme
| Monotreme
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q72303'
| [[Moont Ararat]]
| Mount Ararat
| Moont Ararat
| [[Volcanae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stratovolcano]]
| volcano&lt;br/&gt;mountain&lt;br/&gt;stratovolcano
|- class='wd_q215471'
| [[Moont Hermon]]
| Mount Hermon
| Moont Hermon
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;highest point&lt;br/&gt;biblical place
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;highest point&lt;br/&gt;biblical place
|- class='wd_q172070'
| [[Moont Kenyae]]
| Mount Kenya
| Moont Kenyae
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q60967'
| [[Moont Kinabalu]]
| Mount Kinabalu
| Moont Kinabalu
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;WWF ecoregion
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;WWF ecoregion
|- class='wd_q120306'
| [[Moont Logan]]
| Mount Logan
| Moont Logan
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q4777'
| [[Moont Roraima]]
| Mount Roraima
| Moont Roraima
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;tepui
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;tepui
|- class='wd_q18391151'
| [[Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station]]
| Moorside Nuclear Project
| Moorside Nuclear Pouer Station
| [[pouer station]]
| power station
|- class='wd_q3901'
| [[Moroni, Comoros]]
| Moroni
| Moroni, Comoros
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;federal caipital&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;federal capital&lt;br/&gt;human settlement&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q312131'
| [[Mosasaurus]]
| Mosasaurus
| Mosasaurus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q20511863'
| [[Moses Housepian]]
| Moses Housepian
| Moses Housepian
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q175117'
| [[Moskva River]]
| Moskva River
| Moskva River
| [[river]]
| river
|- class='wd_q188982'
| [[Mount Erebus]]
| Mount Erebus
| Mount Erebus
| [[Volcanae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Moontain|muntain]]
| volcano&lt;br/&gt;mountain
|- class='wd_q405'
| [[Muin]]
| Moon
| Muin
| regular moon&lt;br/&gt;planetary-mass moon&lt;br/&gt;planetary moon
| regular moon&lt;br/&gt;planetary-mass moon&lt;br/&gt;planetary moon
|- class='wd_q1438673'
| [[Mulguy]]
| Milngavie
| Mulguy
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
| town&lt;br/&gt;small burgh
|- class='wd_q111444'
| [[Mull]]
| Isle of Mull
| Mull
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q612229'
| [[Municipalities o Estonie]]
| municipality of Estonia
| Municipalities o Estonie
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q3500564'
| [[Municipalities o Nuevo León]]
| Municipalities of Nuevo León
| Municipalities o Nuevo León
| Dayana
| Dayana
|- class='wd_q819825'
| [[muntain bluebird]]
| Sialia currucoides
| Muntain bluebird
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q209341'
| [[Musala]]
| Musala
| Musala
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;two-thousander&lt;br/&gt;ultra-prominent peak&lt;br/&gt;highest point&lt;br/&gt;main peak
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;two-thousander&lt;br/&gt;ultra-prominent peak&lt;br/&gt;highest point&lt;br/&gt;main peak
|- class='wd_q211848'
| [[mustang]]
| mustang
| Mustang
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q210975'
| [[Mycoplasma]]
| Mycoplasma
| Mycoplasma
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q41572'
| [[Mykolaiv]]
| Mykolaiv
| Mykolaiv
| city in Ukraine
| city in Ukraine
|- class='wd_q839805'
| [[Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina|Myrtle Beach]]
| Myrtle Beach
| Myrtle Beach, Sooth Carolina
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q849822'
| [[Mägo de Oz]]
| Mägo de Oz
| Mägo de Oz
| muisic baund
| musical group
|- class='wd_q932791'
| [[Nae true Scotsman]]
| no true Scotsman
| Nae true Scotsman
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q168193'
| [[Najaf]]
| Najaf
| Najaf
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q517'
| [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
| Napoleon
| Napoleon
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q217096'
| [[Naruhito]]
| Naruhito
| Naruhito
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q159426'
| [[narwhal]]
| narwhal
| Narwhal
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23197'
| [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]]
| Nashville
| Nashville, Tennessee
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|- class='wd_q26334'
| [[National Rail]]
| National Rail
| National Rail
| transport network&lt;br/&gt;brand name
| transport network&lt;br/&gt;brand name
|- class='wd_q7184'
| [[NATO]]
| NATO
| NATO
| intergovrenmental organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;military alliance&lt;br/&gt;multinational military coalition
| intergovernmental organization&lt;br/&gt;international organization&lt;br/&gt;military alliance&lt;br/&gt;multinational military coalition
|- class='wd_q4508'
| [[Navy]]
| navy
| Navy
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q37400'
| [[Naypyidaw]]
| Naypyidaw
| Naypyidaw
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;planned national capital&lt;br/&gt;town in Myanmar
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;planned national capital&lt;br/&gt;town in Myanmar
|- class='wd_q4796'
| [[Naypyidaw Union Territory]]
| Naypyidaw Union Territory
| Naypyidaw Union Territory
| union territory of Myanmar
| union territory of Myanmar
|- class='wd_q181843'
| [[necrophilia]]
| necrophilia
| Necrophilia
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q16528'
| [[Nelumbo nucifera]]
| Nelumbo nucifera
| Nelumbo nucifera
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5185'
| [[nematode]]
| Nematoda
| Nematode
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q5186'
| [[Nematomorpha]]
| Nematomorpha
| Nematomorpha
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q185631'
| [[Nemertea]]
| Nemertea
| Nemertea
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q185747'
| [[Nemesis (meethologie)|Nemesis]]
| Nemesis
| Nemesis (meethologie)
| [[Oceanid|Okeanid]]&lt;br/&gt;Greek deity
| Oceanids&lt;br/&gt;Greek deity
|- class='wd_q217530'
| [[Nepenthes]]
| Nepenthes
| Nepenthes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q207794'
| [[Nevis]]
| Nevis
| Nevis
| [[island]]&lt;br/&gt;constituent state&lt;br/&gt;first-level admeenistrative diveesion
| island&lt;br/&gt;federated state&lt;br/&gt;first-level administrative division
|- class='wd_q34404'
| [[New Orleans]]
| New Orleans
| New Orleans
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;consolidatit ceety–coonty
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;consolidated city-county
|- class='wd_q30302391'
| [[Nicolas van Beveren]]
| Nicolas van Beveren
| Nicolas van Beveren
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q80968'
| [[nihilism]]
| nihilism
| Nihilism
| doctrine
| doctrine
|- class='wd_q813935'
| [[Nihon Shoki]]
| Nihon Shoki
| Nihon Shoki
| historical non-fiction work
| historical non-fiction work
|- class='wd_q152218'
| [[Nine Years' War]]
| Nine Years' War
| Nine Years' War
| [[war]]
| war
|- class='wd_q50825725'
| [[Ninja (streamer)|Ninja]]
| Ninja
| Ninja (streamer)
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q83320'
| [[nitric acid]]
| nitric acid
| Nitric acid
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q162867'
| [[nitroglycerin]]
| nitroglycerin
| Nitroglycerin
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q7047857'
| [[Nokhur|Nohur]]
| Nohur
| Nokhur
| village of Turkmenistan
| village of Turkmenistan
|- class='wd_q34708'
| [[Norfolk (disambiguation)|Norfolk]]
| Norfolk
| Norfolk (disambiguation)
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q40347'
| [[Norman, Oklahoma|Norman]]
| Norman
| Norman, Oklahoma
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q160318'
| [[Norodom Sihanouk]]
| Norodom Sihanouk
| Norodom Sihanouk
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q188779'
| [[Norse fowk]]
| Norwegians
| Norse fowk
| nation&lt;br/&gt;[[population]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ethnic group]]
| nation&lt;br/&gt;human population&lt;br/&gt;ethnic group
|- class='wd_q23086'
| [[North Yorkshire]]
| North Yorkshire
| North Yorkshire
| ceremonial county of England
| ceremonial county of England
|- class='wd_q23079'
| [[Northumberland]]
| Northumberland
| Northumberland
| ceremonial county of England&lt;br/&gt;non-metropolitan county&lt;br/&gt;unitary authority area
| ceremonial county of England&lt;br/&gt;non-metropolitan county&lt;br/&gt;unitary authority area
|- class='wd_q1552306'
| [[Eastren esk|Notophthalmus viridescens]]
| Notophthalmus viridescens
| Eastren esk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q6458'
| [[Nova]]
| nova
| Nova
| astronomical phenomenon&lt;br/&gt;astronomical object type
| astronomical phenomenon&lt;br/&gt;astronomical object type
|- class='wd_q11429'
| [[nuclear fission]]
| nuclear fission
| Nuclear fission
| nuclear reaction
| nuclear reaction
|- class='wd_q134447'
| [[Nuclear pouer station]]
| nuclear power plant
| Nuclear pouer station
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q19921'
| [[nuclear winter]]
| nuclear winter
| Nuclear winter
| scientific hypothesis
| scientific hypothesis
|- class='wd_q489898'
| [[Nukus]]
| Nukus
| Nukus
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q242419'
| [[numbat]]
| numbat
| Numbat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2004891'
| [[numerical linear algebra]]
| numerical linear algebra
| Numerical linear algebra
| aurie o mathematics
| branch of mathematics
|- class='wd_q541182'
| [[numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]]
| numerical method for ordinary differential equations
| Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q147030'
| [[Nymphaea alba]]
| Nymphaea alba
| Nymphaea alba
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q375095'
| [[Obligado]]
| Obligado
| Obligado
| municipality of Paraguay
| municipality of Paraguay
|- class='wd_q131012'
| [[Occam's razor]]
| Occam's razor
| Occam's razor
| aphorism&lt;br/&gt;philosophical razor&lt;br/&gt;heuristic argument&lt;br/&gt;epigrammatic law
| aphorism&lt;br/&gt;philosophical razor&lt;br/&gt;heuristic argument&lt;br/&gt;epigrammatic law
|- class='wd_q182090'
| [[oceanic climate]]
| oceanic climate
| Oceanic climate
| category in the Köppen climate classification systems
| category in the Köppen climate classification systems
|- class='wd_q33261'
| [[ocelot]]
| ocelot
| Ocelot
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25331'
| [[Odense]]
| Odense
| Odense
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| big city
|- class='wd_q35160'
| [[Odyssey]]
| Odyssey
| Odyssey
| leeterary wirk
| literary work
|- class='wd_q34863'
| [[Oklahoma City]]
| Oklahoma City
| Oklahoma City
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q183529'
| [[Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex]]
| Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex
| Olimpiyskiy Naitional Sports Complex
| multi-purpose stadium
| multi-purpose stadium
|- class='wd_q51053'
| [[Olivar]]
| Olivar
| Olivar
| commune o Chile
| commune of Chile
|- class='wd_q208561'
| [[olive baboon]]
| olive baboon
| Olive baboon
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q282385'
| [[Olive ridley sea turtle]]
| Lepidochelys olivacea
| Olive ridley sea turtle
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q82765'
| [[Olsztyn]]
| Olsztyn
| Olsztyn
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi powiat richts&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;city with powiat rights in Poland&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q5191'
| [[Onychophora]]
| Onychophora
| Onychophora
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4169'
| [[Ooter space]]
| outer space
| Ooter space
| geographic region
| region
|- class='wd_q21834'
| [[opossum]]
| Q21834
| Opossum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2028096'
| [[Orange]]
| Orange
| Orange
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q1345321'
| [[Orange Order]]
| Orange Order
| Orange Order
| fraternal organization&lt;br/&gt;releegious organization
| fraternal organization&lt;br/&gt;religious organization
|- class='wd_q14420'
| [[Order o the Breetish Empire|Order of the British Empire]]
| Order of the British Empire
| Order o the Breetish Empire
| awaird&lt;br/&gt;chivalric order&lt;br/&gt;title o honor
| award&lt;br/&gt;order of chivalry&lt;br/&gt;title of honor
|- class='wd_q1327535'
| [[orpie]]
| Hylotelephium telephium
| Orpie
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q57751738'
| [[Coronavirus|Orthocoronavirinae]]
| Orthocoronavirinae
| Coronavirus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3333484'
| [[Orthodox Christianity]]
| Eastern Orthodoxy
| Orthodox Christianity
| Christian denomination&lt;br/&gt;Christian denominational family
| Christian denomination&lt;br/&gt;Christian denominational family
|- class='wd_q46491'
| [[Osiris]]
| Osiris
| Osiris
| Ancient Egyptian deity&lt;br/&gt;dying-and-rising deity&lt;br/&gt;naitur deity
| Ancient Egyptian deity&lt;br/&gt;dying-and-rising deity&lt;br/&gt;nature deity
|- class='wd_q1930'
| [[Ottawa]]
| Ottawa
| Ottawa
| federal caipital&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;single-tier municipality&lt;br/&gt;census subdivision in Canada&lt;br/&gt;census division of Canada
| federal capital&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;single-tier municipality&lt;br/&gt;census subdivision in Canada&lt;br/&gt;census division of Canada
|- class='wd_q157106'
| [[Ottonian dynasty]]
| Ottonian dynasty
| Ottonian dynasty
| dynasty
| dynasty
|- class='wd_q17265639'
| [[Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church]]
| Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan
| Our Lady of the Assumption and St Meddan Catholic Church
| [[kirk]]
| church building
|- class='wd_q209338'
| [[Oxnard, Californie|Oxnard]]
| Oxnard
| Oxnard, Californie
| ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q107635'
| [[Paektu Muntain]]
| Baekdu Mountain
| Paektu Muntain
| [[Moontain|muntain]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stratovolcano]]&lt;br/&gt;territory&lt;br/&gt;sacred mountain
| mountain&lt;br/&gt;stratovolcano&lt;br/&gt;territory&lt;br/&gt;sacred mountain
|- class='wd_q506646'
| [[Pailin]]
| Pailin Province
| Pailin
| province of Cambodia
| province of Cambodia
|- class='wd_q11010'
| [[Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick]]
| Parliament of the United Kingdom
| Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick
| parliament&lt;br/&gt;bicameral legislature
| parliament&lt;br/&gt;bicameral legislature
|- class='wd_q166794'
| [[Pallas's cat]]
| Pallas's cat
| Pallas's cat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q4126704'
| [[Common chimpanzee|Pan troglodytes]]
| chimpanzee
| Common chimpanzee
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q146391'
| [[Papaver]]
| Papaver
| Papaver
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q178799'
| [[Pape Benedict IX]]
| Benedict IX
| Pape Benedict IX
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q118081'
| [[Pape Celestine V]]
| Celestine V
| Pape Celestine V
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q42887'
| [[Pape Clement I]]
| Clement
| Pape Clement I
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q170863'
| [[Pape Clement VI]]
| Clement VI
| Pape Clement VI
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q227694'
| [[Pape Gregory XII]]
| Gregory XII
| Pape Gregory XII
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q104798'
| [[Pape Lando]]
| Lando
| Pape Lando
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q43954'
| [[Pape Leo I]]
| Leo I
| Pape Leo I
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q132113'
| [[Pape Pontian]]
| Pontian
| Pape Pontian
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1317905'
| [[Papilio polymnestor]]
| Papilio polymnestor
| Papilio polymnestor
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q274388'
| [[Paracel Islands]]
| Paracel Islands
| Paracel Islands
| airchipelago&lt;br/&gt;disputed territory
| archipelago&lt;br/&gt;disputed territory
|- class='wd_q663181'
| [[Pararge aegeria]]
| Speckled Wood
| Pararge aegeria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q205716'
| [[Parazoa]]
| Q205716
| Parazoa
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q167646'
| [[Paris (meethologie)|Paris]]
| Paris
| Paris (meethologie)
| mythological Greek character
| mythological Greek character
|- class='wd_q794866'
| [[Paris in the 20th Century]]
| Paris in the Twentieth Century
| Paris in the 20th Century
| leeterary wirk
| literary work
|- class='wd_q715935'
| [[Park (Korean surname)|Park]]
| Park
| Park (Korean surname)
| faimily name
| family name
|- class='wd_q31431'
| [[Paurit|parrot]]
| parrot
| Paurit
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q188614'
| [[parsnip]]
| Pastinaca sativa
| Parsnip
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q28753'
| [[Passer]]
| Passer
| Passer
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q288419'
| [[Pau FC]]
| Foot club de Pau
| Pau FC
| association fitbaa club
| association football club
|- class='wd_q128529'
| [[Paul Martin]]
| Paul Martin
| Paul Martin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25237'
| [[pease]]
| Pisum sativum
| Pease
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q184624'
| [[peat]]
| peat
| Peat
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q939'
| [[Pedro I o Brazil|Pedro I]]
| Pedro I of Brazil
| Pedro I o Brazil
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q156774'
| [[Pedro II o Brazil]]
| Pedro II of Brazil
| Pedro II o Brazil
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q9147'
| [[penguin]]
| penguin
| Penguin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q58'
| [[Pintle|Penis]]
| penis
| Pintle
| [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]&lt;br/&gt;organ type
| organ&lt;br/&gt;organ type
|- class='wd_q702220'
| [[Pennsylvanie Dutch]]
| Pennsylvania Dutch
| Pennsylvanie Dutch
| ethnographic group
| ethnographic group
|- class='wd_q1232528'
| [[Percheron]]
| Percheron
| Percheron
| horse breed
| horse breed
|- class='wd_q127595'
| [[Perciformes]]
| Perciformes
| Perciformes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q172118'
| [[Percy Williams Bridgman]]
| Percy Williams Bridgman
| Percy Williams Bridgman
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q45967'
| [[Persephone]]
| Persephone
| Persephone
| Greek deity
| Greek deity
|- class='wd_q189762'
| [[Peter Carl Fabergé]]
| Peter Carl Fabergé
| Peter Carl Fabergé
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2074518'
| [[Peter Deuflhard]]
| Peter Deuflhard
| Peter Deuflhard
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q825781'
| [[Peugeot 405]]
| Peugeot 405
| Peugeot 405
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q104837'
| [[Phase (maiter)|phase]]
| phase
| Phase (maiter)
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q173227'
| [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]
| physical constant
| Physical constant
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q130336'
| [[phenol]]
| phenol
| Phenol
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q34417'
| [[Philip II o Spain]]
| Philip II of Spain
| Philip II o Spain
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1817'
| [[Philip the Arab]]
| Philip the Arab
| Philip the Arab
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q155004'
| [[Philippe o Belgium]]
| Philippe of Belgium
| Philippe o Belgium
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q185213'
| [[Philippine eagle]]
| Philippine Eagle
| Philippine eagle
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q652973'
| [[Buford, Wyoming|PhinDeli Town Buford]]
| Buford
| Buford, Wyoming
| unincorporatit commonty
| unincorporated community
|- class='wd_q26913'
| [[Phoca vitulina]]
| Phoca vitulina
| Phoca vitulina
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23513'
| [[Phong Nha-Ke Bang]]
| Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park
| Phong Nha-Ke Bang
| national park of Vietnam
| national park of Vietnam
|- class='wd_q238147'
| [[Pico de Orizaba]]
| Citlaltepetl
| Pico de Orizaba
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q26764'
| [[Pieris brassicae]]
| Pieris brassicae
| Pieris brassicae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1064335'
| [[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]]
| Pig War
| Pig War (1859)
| [[war]]&lt;br/&gt;territorial dispute
| war&lt;br/&gt;territorial dispute
|- class='wd_q404116'
| [[Pingdingshan]]
| Pingdingshan
| Pingdingshan
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q132825'
| [[Pinophyta]]
| conifer
| Pinophyta
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;monotypic taxon
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;monotypic taxon
|- class='wd_q12024'
| [[Pine|Pinus]]
| Pinus
| Pine
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q14371'
| [[Pinwheel Galaxy]]
| Pinwheel Galaxy
| Pinwheel Galaxy
| interacting galaxy
| interacting galaxy
|- class='wd_q156522'
| [[Piperaceae]]
| Piperaceae
| Piperaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25634'
| [[pirr-maw]]
| Black-headed Gull
| Pirr-maw
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q36071'
| [[pistachio]]
| Pistacia vera
| Pistachio
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q45227'
| [[Piston]]
| piston
| Piston
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1212935'
| [[Efterbirth|placenta]]
| placenta
| Efterbirth
| [[Organ (anatomy)|organ]]&lt;br/&gt;organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ&lt;br/&gt;organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q25833'
| [[Placentalia]]
| Placentalia
| Placentalia
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q131040'
| [[Placozoa]]
| Q131040
| Placozoa
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27098'
| [[plaice]]
| Pleuronectes platessa
| Plaice
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q245305'
| [[plains zebra]]
| Equus quagga
| Plains zebra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q10251'
| [[Plasma (pheesics)|plasma]]
| plasma
| Plasma (pheesics)
| fundamental state o the matter&lt;br/&gt;classical state of matter
| fundamental state of matter&lt;br/&gt;classical state of matter
|- class='wd_q130948'
| [[Plasmodium]]
| Q130948
| Plasmodium
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q15343'
| [[platypus]]
| platypus
| Platypus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1290516'
| [[Plymouth Breeze]]
| Plymouth Breeze
| Plymouth Breeze
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q19520'
| [[Podolsk]]
| Podolsk
| Podolsk
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
|- class='wd_q33609'
| [[polar beir]]
| Ursus maritimus
| Polar beir
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;apex predator
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;apex predator
|- class='wd_q35535'
| [[polis]]
| police
| Polis
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q933402'
| [[Polis box]]
| police box
| Polis box
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q7228412'
| [[Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway]]
| Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway
| Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway
| Heritage railwey
| heritage railway
|- class='wd_q25356'
| [[Populus]]
| Populus
| Populus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q125434'
| [[Port Elizabeth]]
| Gqeberha
| Port Elizabeth
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;port ceety
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;port city
|- class='wd_q935482'
| [[Port Orchard, Washington|Port Orchard]]
| Port Orchard
| Port Orchard, Washington
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q986325'
| [[Port Safaga]]
| Safaga
| Port Safaga
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;resort town&lt;br/&gt;port ceety
| city&lt;br/&gt;resort town&lt;br/&gt;port city
|- class='wd_q6106'
| [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]
| Portland
| Portland, Oregon
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of Oregon
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;city of Oregon
|- class='wd_q36433'
| [[Porto]]
| Porto
| Porto
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality o Portugal
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Portugal
|- class='wd_q3799'
| [[Porto-Novo]]
| Porto-Novo
| Porto-Novo
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q200464'
| [[Portuguese Empire]]
| Portuguese Empire
| Portuguese Empire
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q21648810'
| [[Power Rangers (film)|Pouer Rangers]]
| Power Rangers
| Power Rangers (film)
| [[film]]
| film
|- class='wd_q377968'
| [[Pressurized watter reactor]]
| pressurized water reactor
| Pressurized watter reactor
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q951376'
| [[Preston, Georgie|Preston]]
| Preston
| Preston, Georgie
| unincorporatit commonty
| unincorporated community
|- class='wd_q319145'
| [[Prime Meenister o Australie]]
| Prime Minister of Australia
| Prime Meenister o Australie
| public offeecial
| public office
|- class='wd_q157115'
| [[Primulaceae]]
| Primulaceae
| Primulaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q152316'
| [[Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex|Prince Harry o Wales]]
| Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
| Prince Harry, Duke o Sussex
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q26337'
| [[Blue shairk|Prionace glauca]]
| Prionace glauca
| Blue shairk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q212405'
| [[Procter &amp; Gamble]]
| Procter &amp; Gamble
| Procter &amp; Gamble
| industrial manufacturing&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]&lt;br/&gt;enterprise
| industrial manufacturing&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;business&lt;br/&gt;enterprise
|- class='wd_q484344'
| [[Progressive metal]]
| progressive metal
| Progressive metal
| [[muisic genre]]
| music genre
|- class='wd_q273120'
| [[protest]]
| protest
| Protest
| form of event
| form of event
|- class='wd_q7251617'
| [[Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707]]
| Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707
| Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707
| Act of the Parliament of Scotland
| Act of the Parliament of Scotland
|- class='wd_q2294'
| [[proton]]
| proton
| Proton
| type of quantum particle
| type of quantum particle
|- class='wd_q5171'
| [[Protostome]]
| protostome
| Protostome
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;clade
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;clade
|- class='wd_q15119'
| [[Province o Roum]]
| Province of Rome
| Province o Roum
| former province of Italy
| former province of Italy
|- class='wd_q5098'
| [[Provinces o Indonesie]]
| province of Indonesia
| Provinces o Indonesie
| designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country
| designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country
|- class='wd_q841753'
| [[Provinces o Iraq]]
| governorate of Iraq
| Provinces o Iraq
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q50399'
| [[Provinces o Mongolie]]
| province of Mongolia
| Provinces o Mongolie
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q191093'
| [[Provinces o Sooth Africae]]
| province of South Africa
| Provinces o Sooth Africae
| type o admeenistrative diveesions
| administrative territorial entity type
|- class='wd_q134390'
| [[Provinces o the Netherlands]]
| province of the Netherlands
| Provinces o the Netherlands
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q190545'
| [[Prunus]]
| Prunus
| Prunus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q37453'
| [[Prunus armeniaca]]
| Prunus armeniaca
| Prunus armeniaca
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q19119'
| [[pseudoscorpion]]
| pseudoscorpion
| Pseudoscorpion
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q166843'
| [[Psidium guajava]]
| Psidium guajava
| Psidium guajava
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q366886'
| [[psychopathy]]
| psychopathy
| Psychopathy
| personality disorder&lt;br/&gt;personality type&lt;br/&gt;personality trait
| personality disorder&lt;br/&gt;personality type&lt;br/&gt;personality trait
|- class='wd_q904250'
| [[Psychotria]]
| Psychotria
| Psychotria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q245060'
| [[Pteranodon]]
| Q245060
| Pteranodon
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q848656'
| [[pudú]]
| Pudú
| Pudú
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q270748'
| [[Puma (genus)|Puma]]
| Puma
| Puma (genus)
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1045888'
| [[Puncak Jaya]]
| Puncak Jaya
| Puncak Jaya
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q1538'
| [[Pune]]
| Pune
| Pune
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q1797'
| [[Pupienus]]
| Pupienus
| Pupienus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q50415393'
| [[Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal]]
| poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
| Pushionin o Sergei an Yulia Skripal
| attempted murder&lt;br/&gt;poisoning&lt;br/&gt;international incident
| attempted murder&lt;br/&gt;poisoning&lt;br/&gt;international incident
|- class='wd_q1627100'
| [[Putting Pants on Philip]]
| Putting Pants on Philip
| Putting Pants on Philip
| short film
| short film
|- class='wd_q18808'
| [[Pyongyang]]
| Pyongyang
| Pyongyang
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;direct-controlled municipality&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;first-level admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| city&lt;br/&gt;direct-controlled municipality&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;first-level administrative division&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q25307'
| [[Pyot]]
| Eurasian Magpie
| Pyot
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q244236'
| [[Qabala]]
| Qabala
| Qabala
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q170208'
| [[Quaiker|Quaker]]
| Quakers
| Quaiker
| [[releegion]]&lt;br/&gt;worldview&lt;br/&gt;Christian denominational family
| religion&lt;br/&gt;worldview&lt;br/&gt;Christian denominational family
|- class='wd_q944'
| [[quantum mechanics]]
| quantum mechanics
| Quantum mechanics
| physical theory&lt;br/&gt;branch of mechanics
| physical theory&lt;br/&gt;branch of mechanics
|- class='wd_q2145'
| [[Quebec Ceety]]
| Quebec City
| Quebec Ceety
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city or town of Quebec&lt;br/&gt;territory outside RCM in Quebec
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city or town of Quebec&lt;br/&gt;territory outside RCM in Quebec
|- class='wd_q9439'
| [[Queen Victoria]]
| Victoria
| Queen Victoria
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2900'
| [[Quito]]
| Quito
| Quito
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q121439'
| [[raccoon]]
| raccoon
| Raccoon
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q570611'
| [[Radegast (god)|Radegast]]
| Radogost
| Radegast (god)
| Slavic deity
| Slavic deity
|- class='wd_q3332922'
| [[radioactive decay]]
| radioactive decay
| Radioactive decay
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q388201'
| [[Railwey electrification seestem]]
| railway electrification system
| Railwey electrification seestem
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1523'
| [[Ramesses II]]
| Ramesses II
| Ramesses II
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q174461'
| [[Ranchi]]
| Ranchi
| Ranchi
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;state capital
| big city&lt;br/&gt;state capital
|- class='wd_q1773123'
| [[Rannoch Muir]]
| Rannoch Moor
| Rannoch Muir
| territory
| territory
|- class='wd_q213356'
| [[Ranunculus repens]]
| Ranunculus repens
| Ranunculus repens
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q190444'
| [[Rare-earth element]]
| rare earth element
| Rare-earth element
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q840849'
| [[ratite]]
| Struthioniformes
| Ratite
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27102'
| [[Couter neb|Razorbill]]
| Razorbill
| Couter neb
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q9510'
| [[Reality]]
| reality
| Reality
| concept&lt;br/&gt;psychology concept
| concept&lt;br/&gt;psychology concept
|- class='wd_q174102'
| [[refractive index]]
| refractive index
| Refractive index
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q207350'
| [[Rehovot]]
| Rehovot
| Rehovot
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q79794'
| [[reid deer]]
| red deer
| Reid deer
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q53462'
| [[reid kangaroo]]
| Macropus rufus
| Reid kangaroo
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q41960'
| [[reid panda]]
| Red Panda
| Reid panda
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8332'
| [[reid tod]]
| red fox
| Reid tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q232906'
| [[reid-crouned crane]]
| Red-crowned Crane
| Reid-crouned crane
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q26545'
| [[reidcoll]]
| Armoracia rusticana
| Reidcoll
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q28113354'
| [[Renewable Heat Incentive scandal]]
| Renewable Heat Incentive scandal
| Renewable Heat Incentive scandal
| political scandal
| political scandal
|- class='wd_q3427179'
| [[Renée Simonot]]
| Renée Simonot
| Renée Simonot
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q971'
| [[Republic o the Congo]]
| Republic of the Congo
| Republic o the Congo
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q748139'
| [[Reversi]]
| Othello
| Reversi
| solved game&lt;br/&gt;mind sport&lt;br/&gt;game on cell board
| solved game&lt;br/&gt;mind sport&lt;br/&gt;game on cell board
|- class='wd_q157649'
| [[Sumac|Rhus]]
| Rhus
| Sumac
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q22691'
| [[Ribes]]
| Ribes
| Ribes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q42244'
| [[ribosome]]
| ribosome
| Ribosome
| cellular component
| cellular component
|- class='wd_q44546'
| [[Ric Flair]]
| Ric Flair
| Ric Flair
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q151973'
| [[Richard Burton]]
| Richard Burton
| Richard Burton
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q128799'
| [[Ricky Martin]]
| Q128799
| Ricky Martin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1771398'
| [[Riffa]]
| Riffa
| Riffa
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q185385'
| [[ring-tailed lemur]]
| ring-tailed lemur
| Ring-tailed lemur
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q224557'
| [[Rio]]
| Rio
| Rio
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q19724'
| [[River Mersey]]
| River Mersey
| River Mersey
| main stem
| main stem
|- class='wd_q2304466'
| [[River Sooth Esk]]
| River South Esk
| River Sooth Esk
| [[river]]
| river
|- class='wd_q1249255'
| [[Riyadh Region|Riyadh Province]]
| Riyadh Province
| Riyadh Region
| ''[[:d:Q15728204|Q15728204]]''
| Q15728204
|- class='wd_q457786'
| [[Rodrigo Duterte]]
| Rodrigo Duterte
| Rodrigo Duterte
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q250049'
| [[Romanie mafia]]
| Romanian mafia
| Romanie mafia
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q7365246'
| [[Ronald Ross]]
| Ronald Ross
| Ronald Ross
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1525'
| [[roondaboot]]
| roundabout
| Roondaboot
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1754320'
| [[Rootes Group]]
| Rootes Group
| Rootes Group
| brand&lt;br/&gt;automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;auto racing team
| brand&lt;br/&gt;automobile manufacturer&lt;br/&gt;auto racing team
|- class='wd_q46299'
| [[Rosaceae]]
| Rosaceae
| Rosaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21895'
| [[Rosales]]
| Q21895
| Rosales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3442214'
| [[Rosalie Lamorlière]]
| Rosalie Lamorlière
| Rosalie Lamorlière
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q7474'
| [[Rosalind Franklin]]
| Rosalind Franklin
| Rosalind Franklin
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q208060'
| [[Rose-ringed parakeet|Rose-ringed Parakeet]]
| Rose-ringed Parakeet
| Rose-ringed parakeet
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q295212'
| [[Rosen Plevneliev]]
| Rosen Plevneliev
| Rosen Plevneliev
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q338878'
| [[rosids]]
| Q338878
| Rosids
| clade
| clade
|- class='wd_q2624680'
| [[Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service]]
| Federal State Statistics Service
| Roushie Federal State Stateestics Service
| statistical service&lt;br/&gt;Federal service (Russian Federation)
| statistical service&lt;br/&gt;Federal service (Russian Federation)
|- class='wd_q49542'
| [[Roushies|Roushie fowk]]
| Russians
| Roushies
| [[ethnic group]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fowk]]
| ethnic group&lt;br/&gt;people
|- class='wd_q4120572'
| [[Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley]]
| Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley
| Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5t Baron Headley
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q602740'
| [[Rubus]]
| Rubus
| Rubus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q151993'
| [[Ruhr]]
| Ruhr Region
| Ruhr
| conurbation&lt;br/&gt;[[Metropolitan area|metropolitan aurie]]&lt;br/&gt;functional urban area
| conurbation&lt;br/&gt;metropolitan area&lt;br/&gt;functional urban area
|- class='wd_q160173'
| [[Ruse, Bulgarie|Ruse]]
| Ruse
| Ruse, Bulgarie
| border city&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality seat&lt;br/&gt;oblast seat&lt;br/&gt;city in Bulgaria
| border city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality seat&lt;br/&gt;oblast seat&lt;br/&gt;city in Bulgaria
|- class='wd_q146030'
| [[Rutaceae]]
| Rutaceae
| Rutaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q11116'
| [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]]
| Ruth Bader Ginsburg
| Ruth Bader Ginsburg
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q232260'
| [[Ruth Rendell]]
| Ruth Rendell
| Ruth Rendell
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2727336'
| [[Ryal Staundart o Scotland]]
| Royal Standard of Scotland
| Ryal Staundart o Scotland
| royal standard
| royal standard
|- class='wd_q2746'
| [[Ryazan]]
| Ryazan
| Ryazan
| admeenistrative-territorial entity o Roushie&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city or town
| administrative divisions of Russia&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;city or town
|- class='wd_q658065'
| [[Rydberg constant]]
| Rydberg constant
| Rydberg constant
| [[Physical constant|pheesical constant]]
| physical constant
|- class='wd_q29272'
| [[Ryugyong Hottle|Ryugyong Hotel]]
| Ryugyong Hotel
| Ryugyong Hottle
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;hottle&lt;br/&gt;mixed-use development
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;hotel&lt;br/&gt;mixed-use development
|- class='wd_q6897416'
| [[Ryukyu Isles]]
| Ryukyu Islands
| Ryukyu Isles
| island group
| island group
|- class='wd_q2109400'
| [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson]]
| Rögnvald Kali Kolsson
| Rögnvald Kali Kolsson
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q295994'
| [[Rüppell's tod]]
| Rüppell's fox
| Rüppell's tod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q18013'
| [[Sacramento, Californie|Sacramento]]
| Sacramento
| Sacramento, Californie
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;charter ceety
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;charter city
|- class='wd_q16049782'
| [[Sadaf Taherian]]
| Sadaf Taherian
| Sadaf Taherian
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q188336'
| [[Safed]]
| Safed
| Safed
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q147538'
| [[Define:Saft drink|saft drink]]
| soft drink
| Define:Saft drink
| type of drink
| type of drink
|- class='wd_q589980'
| [[Saint-Pierre, Martinique|Saint-Pierre]]
| Saint-Pierre
| Saint-Pierre, Martinique
| commune o Fraunce
| commune of France
|- class='wd_q134635'
| [[Saitama]]
| Saitama
| Saitama
| [[Ceeties o Japan|ceety o Japan]]&lt;br/&gt;satellite city&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city designated by government ordinance&lt;br/&gt;city for international conferences and tourism&lt;br/&gt;educational town&lt;br/&gt;prefectural capital of Japan&lt;br/&gt;de facto national capital
| city of Japan&lt;br/&gt;satellite city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;city designated by government ordinance&lt;br/&gt;city for international conferences and tourism&lt;br/&gt;educational town&lt;br/&gt;prefectural capital of Japan&lt;br/&gt;de facto national capital
|- class='wd_q76833058'
| [[Salaam Kivu International Film Festival]]
| Salaam Kivu International Film Festival
| Salaam Kivu International Film Festival
| film festival
| film festival
|- class='wd_q610524'
| [[Salamina, Caldas|Salamina]]
| Salamina
| Salamina, Caldas
| [[Municipalities o Colombie]]
| municipality of Colombia
|- class='wd_q36050'
| [[Willae|Salix]]
| Salix
| Willae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23337'
| [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake Ceety]]
| Salt Lake City
| Salt Lake City
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q12150341'
| [[Samanid Empire]]
| Samanid Empire
| Samanid Empire
| [[Abbasid Caliphate]]&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| Abbasid Caliphate&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q17422'
| [[Same-sex mairiage|Same-sex mairage]]
| same-sex marriage
| Same-sex mairiage
| legal relationship
| legal relationship
|- class='wd_q16193885'
| [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]]
| Samia Suluhu Hassan
| Samia Suluhu Hassan
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q7410064'
| [[Samoé]]
| Samoé
| Samoé
| subprefecture of Guinea
| subprefecture of Guinea
|- class='wd_q50139'
| [[San Benedetto dei Marsi]]
| San Benedetto dei Marsi
| San Benedetto dei Marsi
| comune o Italy
| comune of Italy
|- class='wd_q16553'
| [[San Jose, Californie|San Jose]]
| San Jose
| San Jose, Californie
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;charter ceety
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;charter city
|- class='wd_q173718'
| [[San José]]
| San José
| San José
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q21010219'
| [[San Juan, Nevada|San Juan]]
| San Juan
| San Juan, Nevada
| [[Ghaist toun]]
| ghost town
|- class='wd_q41211'
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]
| San Juan
| San Juan, Puerto Rico
| municipality of Puerto Rico&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| municipality of Puerto Rico&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q2067282'
| [[San Julián de los Prados]]
| San Julián de los Prados
| San Julián de los Prados
| [[kirk]]&lt;br/&gt;basilica&lt;br/&gt;Monument (Spain)
| church building&lt;br/&gt;basilica&lt;br/&gt;Monument (Spain)
|- class='wd_q78980'
| [[San Luis Potosí]]
| San Luis Potosí
| San Luis Potosí
| state of Mexico
| state of Mexico
|- class='wd_q2430789'
| [[Santa Cruz, Pernambuco|Santa Cruz]]
| Santa Cruz
| Santa Cruz, Pernambuco
| municipality o Brazil
| municipality of Brazil
|- class='wd_q12354937'
| [[Santa Inés Yatzeche]]
| Santa Inés Yatzeche Municipality
| Santa Inés Yatzeche
| [[Municipalities o Mexico]]
| municipality of Mexico
|- class='wd_q59669'
| [[Sao Vang Airport]]
| Tho Xuan Airport
| Sao Vang Airport
| airport&lt;br/&gt;commercial traffic aerodrome
| airport&lt;br/&gt;commercial traffic aerodrome
|- class='wd_q158981'
| [[Sapotaceae]]
| Sapotaceae
| Sapotaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q131532'
| [[Sassafras]]
| Sassafras
| Sassafras
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2107439'
| [[Satellite Beach, Florida|Satellite Beach]]
| Satellite Beach
| Satellite Beach, Florida
| ceety o the Unitit States
| city in the United States
|- class='wd_q44269'
| [[Saunt Nicholas]]
| Saint Nicholas
| Saunt Nicholas
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q11254'
| [[saut]]
| table salt
| Saut
| mixtur&lt;br/&gt;ingredient
| mixture&lt;br/&gt;ingredient
|- class='wd_q1135526'
| [[sautie]]
| common dab
| Sautie
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q182599'
| [[sautwatter crocodile]]
| Crocodylus porosus
| Sautwatter crocodile
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q7428063'
| [[Save Ulster from Sodomy]]
| Save Ulster from Sodomy
| Save Ulster from Sodomy
| political campaign
| political campaign
|- class='wd_q838665'
| [[Saxicola rubicola]]
| European Stonechat
| Saxicola rubicola
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q156146'
| [[Saxifraga]]
| Saxifraga
| Saxifraga
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2543932'
| [[Saxifragaceae]]
| Saxifragaceae
| Saxifragaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21855'
| [[Saxifragales]]
| Saxifragales
| Saxifragales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1014090'
| [[Scallowa]]
| Scalloway
| Scallowa
| [[veelage]]
| village
|- class='wd_q1167098'
| [[Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides|Scalpay]]
| Scalpay
| Scalpay, Ooter Hebrides
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q2300959'
| [[Scarsdale]]
| Scarsdale
| Scarsdale
| toun o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;village of New York&lt;br/&gt;town of New York&lt;br/&gt;coterminous town-village of New York
| town in the United States&lt;br/&gt;village of New York&lt;br/&gt;town of New York&lt;br/&gt;coterminous town-village of New York
|- class='wd_q483941'
| [[Schindler's List]]
| Q483941
| Schindler's List
| [[film]]
| film
|- class='wd_q13430975'
| [[Scotch ale]]
| Scotch ale
| Scotch ale
| beer style
| beer style
|- class='wd_q18356161'
| [[ScotRail]]
| ScotRail
| ScotRail
| railway company&lt;br/&gt;brand
| railway company&lt;br/&gt;brand
|- class='wd_q24083592'
| [[Scots Leebertarian Pairty]]
| Scottish Libertarian Party
| Scots Leebertarian Pairty
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q10658'
| [[Scots National Pairty]]
| Scottish National Party
| Scots National Pairty
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q683800'
| [[Scots Pairlament election, 2003|Scots pairlamentary walin]]
| 2003 Scottish Parliament general election
| Scots Pairlament election, 2003
| Scottish Parliament election
| Scottish Parliament election
|- class='wd_q39035'
| [[Scots Tarrie]]
| Scottish Terrier
| Scots Tarrie
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q7437788'
| [[Scottish Industrial Railway Centre]]
| Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
| Scottish Industrial Railway Centre
| Heritage railwey
| heritage railway
|- class='wd_q267380'
| [[Scottish Oils]]
| Anglo-Persian Oil Company
| Scottish Oils
| company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]&lt;br/&gt;oil company
| company&lt;br/&gt;business&lt;br/&gt;oil company
|- class='wd_q37260'
| [[scrievin]]
| writing
| Scrievin
| [[habby]]&lt;br/&gt;skill
| hobby&lt;br/&gt;skill
|- class='wd_q163865'
| [[scruibie]]
| scurvy
| Scruibie
| type of disease
| type of disease
|- class='wd_q35367'
| [[Sea o Marmara]]
| Sea of Marmara
| Sea o Marmara
| inland sea
| adjacent sea
|- class='wd_q19106'
| [[sea speeder]]
| Pycnogonida
| Sea speeder
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25928'
| [[sea-pyot]]
| Eurasian Oystercatcher
| Sea-pyot
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1127591'
| [[Seanad Éireann]]
| Seanad Éireann
| Seanad Éireann
| senate&lt;br/&gt;elected legislative house
| senate&lt;br/&gt;elected legislative house
|- class='wd_q5083'
| [[Seattle]]
| Seattle
| Seattle
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q1098925'
| [[Section 28]]
| Section 28
| Section 28
| clause&lt;br/&gt;section
| clause&lt;br/&gt;section
|- class='wd_q1063567'
| [[Sellafield]]
| Sellafield
| Sellafield
| nuclear facility&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| nuclear facility&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q1939117'
| [[Semanteec chynge]]
| semantic change
| Semanteec chynge
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q9715'
| [[semen]]
| semen
| Semen
| body fluid&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| body fluid&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q911008'
| [[Sepang]]
| Sepang District
| Sepang
| district of Malaysia
| district of Malaysia
|- class='wd_q102251'
| [[Sephardi Jews]]
| Sephardi Jews
| Sephardi Jews
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q1442'
| [[Septimius Severus]]
| Septimius Severus
| Septimius Severus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q127885'
| [[Serbs]]
| Serbs
| Serbs
| nation&lt;br/&gt;[[ethnic group]]
| nation&lt;br/&gt;ethnic group
|- class='wd_q7454994'
| [[Sermon on the Mound]]
| Sermon on the Mound
| Sermon on the Mound
| oration
| oration
|- class='wd_q51640'
| [[Sermon on the Mount|Sermon on the Munt]]
| Sermon on the Mount
| Sermon on the Mount
| sermon
| sermon
|- class='wd_q42699'
| [[Serval]]
| serval
| Serval
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2763698'
| [[sesame]]
| Sesamum indicum
| Sesame
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q290'
| [[sex]]
| sex
| Sex
| medical attribute
| medical attribute
|- class='wd_q12198'
| [[Sexually transmit tribble|sexually transmittit disease]]
| sexually transmitted infection
| Sexually transmit tribble
| mode of transmission
| mode of transmission
|- class='wd_q18700'
| [[shaebill]]
| Shoebill
| Shaebill
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q83672'
| [[Shah Jahan]]
| Shah Jahan
| Shah Jahan
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q59100'
| [[Shantou]]
| Shantou
| Shantou
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q191455'
| [[Shapur I]]
| Shapur I
| Shapur I
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q234860'
| [[Shapur II]]
| Shapur II
| Shapur II
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q482752'
| [[sharia]]
| sharia
| Sharia
| legal order&lt;br/&gt;form o rule&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline&lt;br/&gt;Islamic term
| legal system&lt;br/&gt;form of government&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline&lt;br/&gt;Islamic term
|- class='wd_q7368'
| [[sheep]]
| sheep
| Sheep
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q39357'
| [[Shih Tzu]]
| Shih Tzu
| Shih Tzu
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q715710'
| [[Shikra]]
| Accipiter badius
| Shikra
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q57410'
| [[Shimon Peres]]
| Shimon Peres
| Shimon Peres
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q105124'
| [[Shishapangma]]
| Shishapangma
| Shishapangma
| [[Moontain|muntain]]
| mountain
|- class='wd_q239505'
| [[Shivaji]]
| Shivaji
| Shivaji
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q131136'
| [[Shot starn]]
| meteor
| Shot starn
| meteor shower
| meteor shower
|- class='wd_q549'
| [[Siamese fechtin fish|Siamese fichtin fish]]
| Siamese fighting fish
| Siamese fechtin fish
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1928719'
| [[Side-valve ingine]]
| flathead engine
| Side-valve ingine
| engine configuration
| engine configuration
|- class='wd_q190516'
| [[Sika deer]]
| sika deer
| Sika deer
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q116209'
| [[Silene]]
| Silene
| Silene
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q116269'
| [[silicon dioxide]]
| silicon dioxide
| Silicon dioxide
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q2166799'
| [[Simon Mann]]
| Simon Mann
| Simon Mann
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q483312'
| [[Singmogil]]
| Singmogil
| Singmogil
| national day&lt;br/&gt;public holiday&lt;br/&gt;Korean anniversary days
| national day&lt;br/&gt;public holiday&lt;br/&gt;Korean anniversary days
|- class='wd_q191114'
| [[Sita]]
| Sita
| Sita
| Hindu deity&lt;br/&gt;human whose existence is disputed
| Hindu deity&lt;br/&gt;human whose existence is disputed
|- class='wd_q234597'
| [[sitatunga]]
| sitatunga
| Sitatunga
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q55063313'
| [[Sizewell C nuclear pouer station]]
| Sizewell C nuclear power station
| Sizewell C nuclear pouer station
| [[Nuclear pouer station]]
| nuclear power plant
|- class='wd_q1074'
| [[skin]]
| skin
| Skin
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q25421'
| [[smaw douker]]
| Little Grebe
| Smaw douker
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q30197'
| [[snaw leopard]]
| snow leopard
| Snaw leopard
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;apex predator&lt;br/&gt;flagship species
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;apex predator&lt;br/&gt;flagship species
|- class='wd_q170177'
| [[White oul|snawy oul]]
| Snowy Owl
| White oul
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q190570'
| [[sniper rifle]]
| sniper rifle
| Sniper rifle
| weapon type
| weapon type
|- class='wd_q34396'
| [[Saip|soap]]
| soap
| Saip
| cleaning product&lt;br/&gt;personal hygiene item
| cleaning product&lt;br/&gt;personal hygiene item
|- class='wd_q146313'
| [[Sobek]]
| Sobek
| Sobek
| Ancient Egyptian deity&lt;br/&gt;deity&lt;br/&gt;watter deity
| Ancient Egyptian deity&lt;br/&gt;deity&lt;br/&gt;water deity
|- class='wd_q39420'
| [[Sochi]]
| Sochi
| Sochi
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
| city or town&lt;br/&gt;city/town in Russia
|- class='wd_q36380'
| [[Society o Jesus]]
| Society of Jesus
| Society o Jesus
| organization&lt;br/&gt;Catholic order&lt;br/&gt;group o humans
| organization&lt;br/&gt;Catholic order&lt;br/&gt;group of humans
|- class='wd_q190227'
| [[sodium carbonate]]
| sodium carbonate
| Sodium carbonate
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q102769'
| [[sodium hydroxide]]
| sodium hydroxide
| Sodium hydroxide
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q388108'
| [[Sohag]]
| Sohag
| Sohag
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q26675'
| [[solan guiss]]
| Northern Gannet
| Solan guiss
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21723'
| [[Solanales]]
| Solanales
| Solanales
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q146555'
| [[Solanum]]
| Solanum
| Solanum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147707'
| [[Solanum dulcamara]]
| Solanum dulcamara
| Solanum dulcamara
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48440'
| [[Solar radius]]
| solar radius
| Solar radius
| unit of length
| unit of length
|- class='wd_q170731'
| [[solubility]]
| solubility
| Solubility
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q47539'
| [[Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone]]
| South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
| Sooth Atlantic Peace an Cooperation Zone
| organization
| organization
|- class='wd_q27449'
| [[Soothern Europe]]
| Southern Europe
| Soothern Europe
| geographic region
| region
|- class='wd_q475449'
| [[Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat]]
| southern hairy-nosed wombat
| Soothren hairy-nebbit wombat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q7354'
| [[Soothren Ocean]]
| Southern Ocean
| Soothren Ocean
| [[ocean]]
| ocean
|- class='wd_q157964'
| [[Sorbus]]
| Sorbus
| Sorbus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q76593978'
| [[Sores of Emmanuel]]
| Sores of Emmanuel
| Sores of Emmanuel
| [[film]]
| film
|- class='wd_q12111'
| [[Sorghum]]
| Sorghum
| Sorghum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q105060'
| [[Sosnowiec]]
| Sosnowiec
| Sosnowiec
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi powiat richts&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;urban gmina
| city&lt;br/&gt;city with powiat rights in Poland&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality of Poland
|- class='wd_q62372'
| [[South Jamaica, Queens|South Jamaica]]
| South Jamaica
| South Jamaica, Queens
| neighbourhuid
| neighborhood
|- class='wd_q1045096'
| [[South Kensington]]
| South Kensington
| South Kensington
| aurie o Lunnon
| area of London
|- class='wd_q15180'
| [[Soviet Union]]
| Soviet Union
| Soviet Union
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q5916'
| [[spaceflicht]]
| spaceflight
| Spaceflicht
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q10859'
| [[Spainish Ceevil War|Spaingie Ceevil War]]
| Spanish Civil War
| Spainish Ceevil War
| civil war
| civil war
|- class='wd_q928333'
| [[Spaingie immigration tae Mexico|Spainyie immigration tae Mexico]]
| Spaniards in Mexico
| Spaingie immigration tae Mexico
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q193340'
| [[Spark plug]]
| spark plug
| Spark plug
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q28922'
| [[sparrae]]
| Passeridae
| Sparrae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q160114'
| [[spearimint]]
| Mentha spicata
| Spearimint
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25439'
| [[specht]]
| Q25439
| Specht
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q11455'
| [[Special relativity]]
| special relativity
| Special relativity
| [[Physical law|pheesical law]]&lt;br/&gt;scientific theory
| physical law&lt;br/&gt;scientific theory
|- class='wd_q158767'
| [[spelt]]
| Triticum spelta
| Spelt
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;grain crop
| taxon&lt;br/&gt;grain crop
|- class='wd_q25814'
| [[Spermatophyte]]
| Q25814
| Spermatophyte
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q21162'
| [[Spitsbergen]]
| Spitsbergen
| Spitsbergen
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q2913554'
| [[Frasers Group|Sports Direct]]
| Frasers Group
| Frasers Group
| brick and mortar&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;[[Business|buisiness]]
| brick and mortar&lt;br/&gt;public company&lt;br/&gt;business
|- class='wd_q49158'
| [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]]
| Springfield
| Springfield, Massachusetts
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q25380'
| [[Spur-hawk]]
| Eurasian Sparrowhawk
| Spur-hawk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q170334'
| [[Srebrenica massacre|Srebrenica genocide]]
| Srebrenica massacre
| Srebrenica massacre
| genocide&lt;br/&gt;war crime&lt;br/&gt;crime against humanity&lt;br/&gt;massacre
| genocide&lt;br/&gt;war crime&lt;br/&gt;crime against humanity&lt;br/&gt;massacre
|- class='wd_q41963'
| [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]]
| Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
| Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
| de jure national capital
| de jure national capital
|- class='wd_q1547466'
| [[St Giles' Cathedral]]
| St Giles' Cathedral
| St Giles' Cathedral
| [[cathedral]]
| cathedral
|- class='wd_q3581844'
| [[St James's Kirk, Liège]]
| St James's Church
| St James's Kirk, Liège
| [[kirk]]&lt;br/&gt;abbey&lt;br/&gt;religious building
| church building&lt;br/&gt;abbey&lt;br/&gt;religious building
|- class='wd_q941325'
| [[Stamford, New York|Stamford]]
| Stamford
| Stamford, New York
| toun o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;town of New York
| town in the United States&lt;br/&gt;town of New York
|- class='wd_q756442'
| [[Stane o Scuin]]
| Stone of Scone
| Stane o Scuin
| stane
| stone
|- class='wd_q18847'
| [[stank-hen]]
| Common Moorhen
| Stank-hen
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q250429'
| [[Stap sign]]
| stop sign
| Stap sign
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q149116'
| [[Staphylococcaceae]]
| Staphylococcaceae
| Staphylococcaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q35657'
| [[state o the Unitit States]]
| U.S. state
| State o the Unitit States
| designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country&lt;br/&gt;Pentacontad
| designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country&lt;br/&gt;Pentacontad
|- class='wd_q14388'
| [[Stegosaurus]]
| Stegosaurus
| Stegosaurus
| fossil taxon
| fossil taxon
|- class='wd_q206'
| [[Stephen Harper]]
| Stephen Harper
| Stephen Harper
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q76366'
| [[Sterna]]
| Sterna
| Sterna
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25882'
| [[Stibble guiss]]
| Greylag Goose
| Stibble guiss
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2232618'
| [[Stirrup cup]]
| stirrup cup
| Stirrup cup
| parting tradition
| parting tradition
|- class='wd_q2404900'
| [[Stoke Dry]]
| Stoke Dry
| Stoke Dry
| [[veelage]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceevil pairish|ceevil parish]]
| village&lt;br/&gt;civil parish
|- class='wd_q178942'
| [[storm cock]]
| Mistle Thrush
| Storm cock
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q13158'
| [[straeberry]]
| strawberry
| Straeberry
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q48365'
| [[Strait o Magellan]]
| Strait of Magellan
| Strait o Magellan
| strait
| strait
|- class='wd_q169358'
| [[stratovolcano]]
| stratovolcano
| Stratovolcano
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1022'
| [[Stuttgart]]
| Stuttgart
| Stuttgart
| major regional center&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;circle ceety&lt;br/&gt;state capital in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;Option municipality
| major regional center&lt;br/&gt;financial center&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;City district in Baden-Württemberg&lt;br/&gt;state capital in Germany&lt;br/&gt;urban municipality in Germany&lt;br/&gt;Option municipality
|- class='wd_q172741'
| [[Subaru]]
| Subaru
| Subaru
| division&lt;br/&gt;automobile manufacturer
| division&lt;br/&gt;automobile manufacturer
|- class='wd_q11002'
| [[succar]]
| sugar
| Succar
| commodity&lt;br/&gt;excipient&lt;br/&gt;sweetener&lt;br/&gt;group or class of chemical substances
| commodity&lt;br/&gt;excipient&lt;br/&gt;sweetener&lt;br/&gt;group or class of chemical substances
|- class='wd_q49101'
| [[Suez Creesis|Suez Crisis]]
| Suez Crisis
| Suez Creesis
| military expedition&lt;br/&gt;offensive
| military expedition&lt;br/&gt;offensive
|- class='wd_q380764'
| [[Sukhothai Province]]
| Sukhothai
| Sukhothai Province
| [[Provinces o Thailand]]
| province of Thailand
|- class='wd_q40811'
| [[Sukhumi]]
| Sokhumi
| Sukhumi
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q525'
| [[Sun]]
| Sun
| Sun
| G-type main-sequence starn
| G-type main-sequence star
|- class='wd_q275163'
| [[Sunda cloodit leopard]]
| Sunda clouded leopard
| Sunda cloodit leopard
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q269728'
| [[Sunda pangolin]]
| Sunda pangolin
| Sunda pangolin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1065079'
| [[Supporters' Shield]]
| Supporters' Shield
| Supporters' Shield
| association football trophy or award
| association football trophy or award
|- class='wd_q10798'
| [[Pig]]
| Q10798
| Pig
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q9027'
| [[Swadish leid|Swadish]]
| Swedish
| Swadish leid
| leid&lt;br/&gt;modern language
| language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
|- class='wd_q26629'
| [[Swart-back]]
| Great Black-backed Gull
| Swart-back
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q188446'
| [[Sylvia atricapilla]]
| Sylvia atricapilla
| Sylvia atricapilla
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q212676'
| [[Symon Petliura]]
| Symon Petliura
| Symon Petliura
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q1141086'
| [[Synagogue o Besançon]]
| Synagogue of Besançon
| Synagogue o Besançon
| [[synagogue]]
| synagogue
|- class='wd_q26736'
| [[Clove|Syzygium aromaticum]]
| clove
| Clove
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q174'
| [[São Paulo]]
| São Paulo
| São Paulo
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality o Brazil&lt;br/&gt;largest city
| city&lt;br/&gt;megacity&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Brazil&lt;br/&gt;largest city
|- class='wd_q175'
| [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
| São Paulo
| São Paulo (state)
| federative unit of Brazil&lt;br/&gt;[[States o Brazil|state o Brazil]]
| federative unit of Brazil&lt;br/&gt;state of Brazil
|- class='wd_q6512'
| [[Søren Kierkegaard]]
| Søren Kierkegaard
| Søren Kierkegaard
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q155658'
| [[T-72]]
| T-72
| T-72
| combat vehicle family
| combat vehicle family
|- class='wd_q170596'
| [[T. E. Lawrence]]
| T. E. Lawrence
| T. E. Lawrence
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2161'
| [[Tacitus]]
| Tacitus
| Tacitus
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q750259'
| [[Tafilah Govrenorate]]
| Tafilah Governorate
| Tafilah Govrenorate
| [[Govrenorates o Jordan]]
| governorate of Jordan
|- class='wd_q7676492'
| [[Taito Phillip Field]]
| Taito Phillip Field
| Taito Phillip Field
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q865'
| [[Taiwan (kintra)|Taiwan]]
| Taiwan
| Taiwan (kintra)
| island country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;local govrenment&lt;br/&gt;state wi leemitit recogneetion&lt;br/&gt;political entity&lt;br/&gt;continental country
| island country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state&lt;br/&gt;local government&lt;br/&gt;state with limited recognition&lt;br/&gt;political entity&lt;br/&gt;continental country
|- class='wd_q22502'
| [[Taiwan]]
| Taiwan Island
| Taiwan
| [[island]]
| island
|- class='wd_q72778'
| [[Taiyuan]]
| Taiyuan
| Taiyuan
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| prefecture-level city of China&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q132956'
| [[Taklamakan Desert]]
| Taklamakan
| Taklamakan Desert
| desert
| desert
|- class='wd_q205792'
| [[Tamanrasset]]
| Tamanrasset
| Tamanrasset
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;commune of Algeria
| city&lt;br/&gt;commune of Algeria
|- class='wd_q3036410'
| [[Tammy Duckworth]]
| Tammy Duckworth
| Tammy Duckworth
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q83367'
| [[Tanakh]]
| Tanakh
| Tanakh
| biblical canon&lt;br/&gt;[[Haly beuk]]&lt;br/&gt;miscellany&lt;br/&gt;series
| biblical canon&lt;br/&gt;religious text&lt;br/&gt;miscellany&lt;br/&gt;series of creative works
|- class='wd_q271771'
| [[Tanta]]
| Tanta
| Tanta
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q191827'
| [[Taoiseach]]
| Taoiseach
| Taoiseach
| public offeecial
| public office
|- class='wd_q1642670'
| [[Tarhuna]]
| Tarhuna
| Tarhuna
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Libya
| city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Libya
|- class='wd_q233608'
| [[Tarpan]]
| Equus ferus ferus
| Tarpan
| extinct taxon
| extinct taxon
|- class='wd_q155814'
| [[tarragon]]
| tarragon
| Tarragon
| [[species]]
| species
|- class='wd_q174916'
| [[Tartus]]
| Tartus
| Tartus
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;populated place in Syria
|- class='wd_q134964'
| [[Tasmainien deil|Tasmanie deil]]
| Tasmanian devil
| Tasmainien deil
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27355'
| [[Taxus]]
| Taxus
| Taxus
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q428606'
| [[TE10]]
| Soviet Railways ТЭ10
| TE10
| locomotive class
| locomotive class
|- class='wd_q37226'
| [[teacher]]
| teacher
| Teacher
| [[profession]]&lt;br/&gt;poseetion&lt;br/&gt;occupation
| profession&lt;br/&gt;position&lt;br/&gt;occupation
|- class='wd_q38954'
| [[Teide]]
| Teide
| Teide
| [[Volcanae]]&lt;br/&gt;active volcano&lt;br/&gt;laundmark
| volcano&lt;br/&gt;active volcano&lt;br/&gt;architectural landmark
|- class='wd_q848096'
| [[telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick]]
| telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
| Telephone nummers in the Unitit Kinrick
| Wikimedia leet airticle
| Wikimedia list article
|- class='wd_q6666976'
| [[Template:Abkhazia-note]]
| Template:Abkhazia note
| Template:Abkhazia-note
| Wikimedia template
| Wikimedia template
|- class='wd_q76280'
| [[tench]]
| tench
| Tench
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q13695'
| [[Tenochtitlan]]
| Tenochtitlan
| Tenochtitlan
| city-state&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;altepetl
| city-state&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;altepetl
|- class='wd_q36656'
| [[Ter Sami leid]]
| Ter Sami
| Ter Sami leid
| leid&lt;br/&gt;modern language
| language&lt;br/&gt;modern language
|- class='wd_q9384'
| [[testicle]]
| testicle
| Testicle
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q201701'
| [[Tetraodontidae]]
| Tetraodontidae
| Tetraodontidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q19159'
| [[tetrapod]]
| Q19159
| Tetrapod
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25392'
| [[teuchit]]
| Northern Lapwing
| Teuchit
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q172691'
| [[Thar Desert]]
| Thar Desert
| Thar Desert
| desert&lt;br/&gt;WWF ecoregion
| desert&lt;br/&gt;WWF ecoregion
|- class='wd_q180089'
| [[The Economist]]
| The Economist
| The Economist
| [[wabsteid]]&lt;br/&gt;magazine
| website&lt;br/&gt;magazine
|- class='wd_q7744143'
| [[The Kerry Recruit]]
| The Kerry Recruit
| The Kerry Recruit
| musical work/composition
| musical work/composition
|- class='wd_q26220165'
| [[The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen]]
| The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen
| The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen
| paintin
| painting
|- class='wd_q18536'
| [[The Shard]]
| The Shard
| The Shard
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;office biggin
| skyscraper&lt;br/&gt;office building
|- class='wd_q1140649'
| [[The Wicker Man]]
| The Wicker Man
| The Wicker Man
| [[film]]
| film
|- class='wd_q156574'
| [[Theaceae]]
| Theaceae
| Theaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q184232'
| [[Theia]]
| Theia
| Theia
| [[Titan (meethologie)|Titan]]
| titan
|- class='wd_q44003'
| [[Theodor Herzl]]
| Theodor Herzl
| Theodor Herzl
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q264766'
| [[Theresa May]]
| Theresa May
| Theresa May
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q9270'
| [[Thimphu]]
| Thimphu
| Thimphu
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;admeenistrative diveesion&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| city&lt;br/&gt;administrative territorial entity&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q9438'
| [[Thomas Aquinas]]
| Thomas Aquinas
| Thomas Aquinas
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q269593'
| [[Thompson submachine gun]]
| Thompson submachine gun
| Thompson submachine gun
| weapon model
| weapon model
|- class='wd_q42952'
| [[Thor]]
| Thor
| Thor
| thunder deity&lt;br/&gt;Norse deity
| thunder deity&lt;br/&gt;Norse deity
|- class='wd_q719528'
| [[Thorfinn the Michty]]
| Thorfinn the Mighty
| Thorfinn the Michty
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2022000'
| [[Thou]]
| thou
| Thou
| English personal pronoun&lt;br/&gt;second-person pronoun
| English personal pronoun&lt;br/&gt;second-person pronoun
|- class='wd_q124739'
| [[Tijuana]]
| Tijuana
| Tijuana
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;locality of Mexico&lt;br/&gt;city in Mexico
| city&lt;br/&gt;locality of Mexico&lt;br/&gt;city in Mexico
|- class='wd_q127849'
| [[Tilia]]
| Tilia
| Tilia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q179257'
| [[Timbaland]]
| Q179257
| Timbaland
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q11471'
| [[time]]
| time
| Time
| scalar pheesical quantity&lt;br/&gt;independent variable&lt;br/&gt;spatiotemporal region
| scalar quantity&lt;br/&gt;independent variable&lt;br/&gt;spatiotemporal region
|- class='wd_q132572'
| [[Tiraspol]]
| Tiraspol
| Tiraspol
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Moldova&lt;br/&gt;city or town
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Moldova&lt;br/&gt;city or town
|- class='wd_q26956'
| [[Titlin]]
| Meadow Pipit
| Titlin
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q376038'
| [[Toco toucan|Toco Toucan]]
| Toco Toucan
| Toco toucan
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8331'
| [[Tod]]
| fox
| Tod
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q205662'
| [[Tokugawa shogunate]]
| Tokugawa shogunate
| Tokugawa shogunate
| govrenment agency&lt;br/&gt;shogunate&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| government agency&lt;br/&gt;shogunate&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q287657'
| [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]]
| Tokugawa Yoshinobu
| Tokugawa Yoshinobu
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q90561312'
| [[Captain Tom|Tom Moore]]
| Tom Moore
| Captain Tom
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q263802'
| [[Tom Watson (Labour politeecian)|Tom Watson]]
| Tom Watson
| Tom Watson (Labour politeecian)
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q41057'
| [[Topeka]]
| Topeka
| Topeka
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q38991'
| [[Tosa (dug)]]
| Tosa
| Tosa (dug)
| dog breed
| dog breed
|- class='wd_q243543'
| [[Toyota Corolla]]
| Toyota Corolla
| Toyota Corolla
| car model series
| car model series
|- class='wd_q153681'
| [[Trabant]]
| Trabant
| Trabant
| car model series
| car model series
|- class='wd_q351303'
| [[track]]
| Track
| Track
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q39495'
| [[Tractor]]
| tractor
| Tractor
| type of vehicle
| type of vehicle
|- class='wd_q7831651'
| [[Tractor vapourisin ile]]
| tractor vaporising oil
| Tractor vapourisin ile
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q907112'
| [[Transnistrie]]
| Transnistria
| Transnistrie
| landlockt kintra&lt;br/&gt;unitary state&lt;br/&gt;military occupation&lt;br/&gt;social state&lt;br/&gt;secular state&lt;br/&gt;de facto regime&lt;br/&gt;occupied territory&lt;br/&gt;state wi leemitit recogneetion
| landlocked country&lt;br/&gt;unitary state&lt;br/&gt;military occupation&lt;br/&gt;social state&lt;br/&gt;secular state&lt;br/&gt;de facto regime&lt;br/&gt;occupied territory&lt;br/&gt;state with limited recognition
|- class='wd_q682403'
| [[Treatie o Union 1707]]
| Treaty of Union
| Treatie o Union 1707
| treaty
| treaty
|- class='wd_q1237'
| [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]
| Trentino-South Tyrol
| Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
| autonomous region with special statute
| autonomous region with special statute
|- class='wd_q327362'
| [[triiodothyronine]]
| triiodothyronine
| Triiodothyronine
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q1568779'
| [[Tripoli (disambiguation)|Tripoli]]
| Tripoli
| Tripoli (disambiguation)
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q1363'
| [[Tripura]]
| Tripura
| Tripura
| state of India
| state of India
|- class='wd_q2006725'
| [[Triumph Acclaim]]
| Triumph Acclaim
| Triumph Acclaim
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q1798248'
| [[Triumph TR4A]]
| Triumph TR4A
| Triumph TR4A
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q5639'
| [[trolleybus]]
| trolleybus
| Trolleybus
| bus type
| bus type
|- class='wd_q408352'
| [[Trump]]
| Trump
| Trump
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q186096'
| [[Tsardom o Roushie]]
| Tsardom of Russia
| Tsardom o Roushie
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q462843'
| [[Tu Youyou]]
| Tu Youyou
| Tu Youyou
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q44989'
| [[Tulsa]]
| Tulsa
| Tulsa
| coonty seat&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| county seat&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q165118'
| [[Tunicate]]
| Tunicata
| Tunicate
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q3572'
| [[Tunis]]
| Tunis
| Tunis
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Tunisia
| big city&lt;br/&gt;municipality of Tunisia
|- class='wd_q213827'
| [[Turaco]]
| Turaco
| Turaco
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q212798'
| [[Turbellaria]]
| Turbellaria
| Turbellaria
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q43022'
| [[Turkis coffee]]
| Turkish coffee
| Turkis coffee
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q874'
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| Turkmenistan
| Turkmenistan
| [[kintra]]&lt;br/&gt;landlockt kintra&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
| country&lt;br/&gt;landlocked country&lt;br/&gt;sovereign state
|- class='wd_q147520'
| [[Typha latifolia]]
| Typha latifolia
| Typha latifolia
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q27112'
| [[Tytonidae]]
| Tytonidae
| Tytonidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q2670398'
| [[Tzoran-Kadima]]
| Tzoran-Kadima
| Tzoran-Kadima
| human settlement
| human settlement
|- class='wd_q203312'
| [[Uccle]]
| Uccle
| Uccle
| municipality o Belgium
| municipality of Belgium
|- class='wd_q7876900'
| [[Udal law]]
| Udal law
| Udal law
| legal system
| legal system
|- class='wd_q10647'
| [[UK Unthirldom Pairty]]
| UK Independence Party
| UK Unthirldom Pairty
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q52933'
| [[Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden]]
| Ulrika Eleonora I of Sweden
| Ulrika Eleonora, Queen o Swaden
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q6511'
| [[Ulysses (novelle)|Ulysses]]
| Ulysses
| Ulysses (novelle)
| leeterary wirk
| literary work
|- class='wd_q27138'
| [[Unaizah]]
| Unaizah
| Unaizah
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers
| human settlement&lt;br/&gt;big city
|- class='wd_q208650'
| [[Uniformitarianism]]
| uniformitarianism
| Uniformitarianism
| principle&lt;br/&gt;philosophical theory
| principle&lt;br/&gt;philosophical theory
|- class='wd_q588834'
| [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]]
| Union City
| Union City, New Jersey
| ceety in New Jersey
| city in New Jersey
|- class='wd_q1622507'
| [[Unitarian Universalism]]
| Unitarian Universalism
| Unitarian Universalism
| [[releegion]]
| religion
|- class='wd_q42183'
| [[United States Whig Party]]
| Whig Party
| United States Whig Party
| [[poleetical pairty]]
| political party
|- class='wd_q216996'
| [[Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea]]
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
| Unitit Naitions Convention on the Law o the Sea
| United Nations treaty&lt;br/&gt;multilateral treaty
| United Nations treaty&lt;br/&gt;multilateral treaty
|- class='wd_q139718826'
| [[Unitit States UAP files]]
| United States UFO files
| Unitit States UAP files
| release
| release
|- class='wd_q168383'
| [[Universal Studios]]
| Universal Pictures
| Universal Studios
| film studio&lt;br/&gt;film production company
| film studio&lt;br/&gt;film production company
|- class='wd_q9382'
| [[urinary bladder]]
| urinary bladder
| Urinary bladder
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q105650'
| [[urology]]
| urology
| Urology
| medical specialty&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
| medical specialty&lt;br/&gt;academic discipline
|- class='wd_q151179'
| [[Ustaše]]
| Ustaše
| Ustaše
| poleetical organisation&lt;br/&gt;terrorist organization
| political organization&lt;br/&gt;terrorist organization
|- class='wd_q6940'
| [[UTC+07:00]]
| UTC+07:00
| UTC+07:00
| time zone named for a UTC offset
| time zone named for a UTC offset
|- class='wd_q155644'
| [[Uzi]]
| Uzi
| Uzi
| weapon family
| weapon family
|- class='wd_q724736'
| [[V ingine]]
| V engine
| V ingine
| engine configuration
| engine configuration
|- class='wd_q134808'
| [[vaccine]]
| vaccine
| Vaccine
| remedy
| remedy
|- class='wd_q5079636'
| [[Vaccinium]]
| Vaccinium
| Vaccinium
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q37587'
| [[Valentine's Day]]
| Valentine's Day
| Valentine's Day
| [[haliday]]
| holiday
|- class='wd_q157819'
| [[Valeriana officinalis]]
| Valeriana officinalis
| Valeriana officinalis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q23800'
| [[Valletta]]
| Valletta
| Valletta
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;local council of Malta
| city&lt;br/&gt;local council of Malta
|- class='wd_q166879'
| [[Van der Waals radius]]
| van der Waals radius
| Van der Waals radius
| physical phenomenon
| physical phenomenon
|- class='wd_q24639'
| [[Vancouver]]
| Vancouver
| Vancouver
| border city&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;municipal government&lt;br/&gt;city in British Columbia
| border city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;municipal government&lt;br/&gt;city in British Columbia
|- class='wd_q725493'
| [[Vaquita]]
| Vaquita
| Vaquita
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q79980'
| [[Varanasi]]
| Varanasi
| Varanasi
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;holy city
| city&lt;br/&gt;holy city
|- class='wd_q192334'
| [[University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Varsity o North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
| University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| University o North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| public educational institution of the United States&lt;br/&gt;public research university
| public educational institution of the United States&lt;br/&gt;public research university
|- class='wd_q735505'
| [[vas deferens]]
| vas deferens
| Vas deferens
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
| organ type&lt;br/&gt;class of anatomical entity
|- class='wd_q275787'
| [[Vatican euro cunyies]]
| Vatican euro coin
| Vatican euro cunyies
| coin type
| coin type
|- class='wd_q179734'
| [[Vatnajökull]]
| Vatnajökull
| Vatnajökull
| ice cap
| ice cap
|- class='wd_q181138'
| [[veganism]]
| veganism
| Veganism
| [[ideology]]&lt;br/&gt;lifestyle&lt;br/&gt;social movement&lt;br/&gt;epistemological viewpoint&lt;br/&gt;dietary restriction
| ideology&lt;br/&gt;lifestyle&lt;br/&gt;social movement&lt;br/&gt;epistemological viewpoint&lt;br/&gt;dietary restriction
|- class='wd_q251368'
| [[Venom]]
| Venom
| Venom
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
| Wikimedia disambiguation page
|- class='wd_q11699'
| [[Vice Preses o the Unitit States]]
| Vice President of the United States
| Vice Preses o the Unitit States
| vice preses&lt;br/&gt;president of the senate&lt;br/&gt;elective office
| vice president&lt;br/&gt;president of the senate&lt;br/&gt;elective office
|- class='wd_q156390'
| [[Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden|Victoria, Croun Princess o Sweden]]
| Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
| Victoria, Croun Princess o Swaden
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q167797'
| [[vicuña]]
| vicuña
| Vicuña
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q8740'
| [[Vietnam War]]
| Vietnam War
| Vietnam War
| proxy war
| proxy war
|- class='wd_q216151'
| [[Vietnamese fowk]]
| Vietnamese people
| Vietnamese fowk
| [[ethnic group]]
| ethnic group
|- class='wd_q157144'
| [[Vinnytsia]]
| Vinnytsia
| Vinnytsia
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of regional significance of Ukraine&lt;br/&gt;city or town&lt;br/&gt;centre of oblast
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of regional significance of Ukraine&lt;br/&gt;city or town&lt;br/&gt;centre of oblast
|- class='wd_q156060'
| [[Violaceae]]
| Violaceae
| Violaceae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q163656'
| [[Viperidae]]
| viper
| Viperidae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q147267'
| [[Virginie opossum]]
| Didelphis virginiana
| Virginie opossum
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q11380'
| [[Vishnu]]
| Q11380
| Vishnu
| Hindu deity&lt;br/&gt;legendar figur
| Hindu deity&lt;br/&gt;legendary figure
|- class='wd_q34956'
| [[vitamin]]
| vitamin
| Vitamin
| group of chemical entities&lt;br/&gt;nutrient group
| group of chemical entities&lt;br/&gt;nutrient group
|- class='wd_q102217'
| [[Vitebsk]]
| Vitebsk
| Vitebsk
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city of oblast subordinance
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city of oblast subordinance
|- class='wd_q191019'
| [[Vitis]]
| Vitis
| Vitis
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q14318'
| [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]]
| Vitoria-Gasteiz
| Vitoria-Gasteiz
| municipality of Spain
| municipality of Spain
|- class='wd_q185864'
| [[Viverridae]]
| Viverridae
| Viverridae
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q380330'
| [[Vlad II Dracul]]
| Vlad II Dracul
| Vlad II Dracul
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q83546'
| [[Vladimir-Suzdal]]
| Grand Principality of Vladimir
| Vladimir-Suzdal
| vassal state&lt;br/&gt;historical state
| vassal state&lt;br/&gt;historical country
|- class='wd_q10952397'
| [[Vole]]
| vole
| Vole
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q56402691'
| [[Volkswagen Taos]]
| Volkswagen Taos
| Volkswagen Taos
| car model
| car model
|- class='wd_q185194'
| [[Vulpes]]
| Vulpes
| Vulpes
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q623169'
| [[Wallaby]]
| wallaby
| Wallaby
| organisms known by a particular common name
| organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q7965336'
| [[Walter Kennedy]]
| Walter Kennedy
| Walter Kennedy
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q311237'
| [[Walther PP]]
| Walther PP
| Walther PP
| weapon model
| weapon model
|- class='wd_q182865'
| [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
| War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
| [[war]]
| war
|- class='wd_q185729'
| [[War on Terror]]
| War on Terrorism
| War on Terror
| [[war]]
| war
|- class='wd_q362'
| [[Warld War II]]
| World War II
| Warld War II
| world war&lt;br/&gt;historical period
| world war&lt;br/&gt;historical period
|- class='wd_q1201263'
| [[Warlord Era]]
| Warlord Era
| Warlord Era
| historical period
| historical period
|- class='wd_q2028786'
| [[Warne, North Carolina|Warne]]
| Warne
| Warne, North Carolina
| unincorporatit commonty
| unincorporated community
|- class='wd_q126399'
| [[Warner Bros.]]
| Warner Bros. Entertainment
| Warner Bros.
| film production company&lt;br/&gt;entertainment company
| film production company&lt;br/&gt;entertainment company
|- class='wd_q81041'
| [[watter cycle]]
| water cycle
| Watter cycle
| 
| 
|- class='wd_q1024911'
| [[Welshpool]]
| Welshpool
| Welshpool
| community&lt;br/&gt;town of the United Kingdom
| community&lt;br/&gt;town of the United Kingdom
|- class='wd_q846421'
| [[West Hollywood]]
| West Hollywood
| West Hollywood
| gay village&lt;br/&gt;ceety o the Unitit States
| gay village&lt;br/&gt;city in the United States
|- class='wd_q7986162'
| [[West Park, New York|West Park]]
| West Park
| West Park, New York
| unincorporatit commonty
| unincorporated community
|- class='wd_q7988934'
| [[Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building]]
| Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building
| Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building
| office biggin
| office building
|- class='wd_q18854'
| [[whaup]]
| Eurasian Curlew
| Whaup
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q1371617'
| [[whiff]]
| megrim
| Whiff
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q28106837'
| [[Whistlin deuk]]
| Eurasian Wigeon
| Whistlin deuk
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q212552'
| [[white eel]]
| European conger
| White eel
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q25438'
| [[White-tailed eagle|White-tailed Eagle]]
| White-tailed Eagle
| White-tailed eagle
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q171'
| [[Wiki]]
| wiki
| Wiki
| type of website
| type of website
|- class='wd_q4656249'
| [[Wikipedia:Five pillars]]
| Wikipedia:Five pillars
| Wikipedia:Five pillars
| Wikimedia project namespace
| Wikimedia project page
|- class='wd_q169950'
| [[Wildfire]]
| wildfire
| Wildfire
| fire incident type
| fire incident type
|- class='wd_q105825'
| [[William Hurt]]
| William Hurt
| William Hurt
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q150652'
| [[William I, German Emperor]]
| Wilhelm I
| William I, German Emperor
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q37594'
| [[William the Conqueror]]
| William the Conqueror
| William the Conqueror
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q2581473'
| [[Willie Rennie]]
| Willie Rennie
| Willie Rennie
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q25399'
| [[Willie-wagtail]]
| White Wagtail
| Willie-wagtail
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q146661'
| [[wineberry]]
| Ribes rubrum
| Wineberry
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q152220'
| [[Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty|Wirkers' Pairty o Kurdistan]]
| Kurdistan Workers' Party
| Kurdistan Wirkers' Pairty
| terrorist organization&lt;br/&gt;armed organization
| terrorist organization&lt;br/&gt;armed organization
|- class='wd_q47253'
| [[wirm]]
| worm
| Wirm
| grade&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
| grade&lt;br/&gt;organisms known by a particular common name
|- class='wd_q754668'
| [[witchie]]
| Maniola jurtina
| Witchie
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q76462'
| [[Wolfgang Ketterle]]
| Wolfgang Ketterle
| Wolfgang Ketterle
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q211764'
| [[Woluwe-Saint-Lambert]]
| Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
| Woluwe-Saint-Lambert
| municipality o Belgium
| municipality of Belgium
|- class='wd_q23175'
| [[wombat]]
| Vombatidae
| Wombat
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q11838775'
| [[Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant]]
| Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant
| Xenaroswelliana deltaquadrant
| [[taxon]]
| taxon
|- class='wd_q129165'
| [[Xerxes I]]
| Xerxes I
| Xerxes I
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q158888'
| [[Yamaha Motor Company]]
| Yamaha Motor Company
| Yamaha Motor Company
| public company&lt;br/&gt;motorcycle manufacturer
| public company&lt;br/&gt;motorcycle manufacturer
|- class='wd_q37995'
| [[Yangon]]
| Yangon
| Yangon
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;town in Myanmar
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;state capital&lt;br/&gt;largest city&lt;br/&gt;town in Myanmar
|- class='wd_q377'
| [[Yanka Kupala]]
| Yanka Kupala
| Yanka Kupala
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q577'
| [[year]]
| year
| Year
| unit o time
| unit of time
|- class='wd_q267584'
| [[Yemen Arab Republic]]
| Yemen Arab Republic
| Yemen Arab Republic
| historical state
| historical country
|- class='wd_q50422'
| [[Yeonje-gu]]
| Yeonje District
| Yeonje-gu
| district of Busan
| district of Busan
|- class='wd_q1277359'
| [[Yerl o Mar]]
| Earl of Mar
| Yerl o Mar
| ryal or noble rank
| noble title
|- class='wd_q1010108'
| [[Yerlston]]
| Earlston
| Yerlston
| [[toun]]&lt;br/&gt;parish
| town&lt;br/&gt;parish
|- class='wd_q188120'
| [[Yoichiro Nambu]]
| Yoichiro Nambu
| Yoichiro Nambu
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q5449'
| [[Yoshkar-Ola]]
| Yoshkar-Ola
| Yoshkar-Ola
| ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;city or town
| big city&lt;br/&gt;city or town
|- class='wd_q866'
| [[YouTube]]
| YouTube
| YouTube
| [[wabsteid]]&lt;br/&gt;online video platform&lt;br/&gt;online community&lt;br/&gt;video streaming service&lt;br/&gt;live streaming service&lt;br/&gt;user-generated content platform
| website&lt;br/&gt;online video platform&lt;br/&gt;online community&lt;br/&gt;video streaming service&lt;br/&gt;live streaming service&lt;br/&gt;user-generated content platform
|- class='wd_q10305'
| [[Zaragoza]]
| Zaragoza
| Zaragoza
| municipality of Spain
| municipality of Spain
|- class='wd_q319896'
| [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]]
| Ze'ev Jabotinsky
| Ze'ev Jabotinsky
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q835435'
| [[Zhou dynasty (690–705)]]
| Zhou dynasty (690–705)
| Zhou dynasty (690–705)
| historical state&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty
| historical country&lt;br/&gt;Chinese dynasty
|- class='wd_q2392142'
| [[Zifta]]
| Zefta
| Zifta
| [[ceety]]
| city
|- class='wd_q890120'
| [[Zimbabwe Rhodesie]]
| Zimbabwe Rhodesia
| Zimbabwe Rhodesie
| historical unrecognized state
| historical unrecognized state
|- class='wd_q190077'
| [[zinc oxide]]
| zinc oxide
| Zinc oxide
| type of chemical entity
| type of chemical entity
|- class='wd_q43501'
| [[zoo]]
| zoo
| Zoo
| type of park
| type of park
|- class='wd_q35811'
| [[Zoroaster]]
| Zoroaster
| Zoroaster
| [[bodie]]&lt;br/&gt;religious character
| human&lt;br/&gt;religious character
|- class='wd_q210207'
| [[Árpád]]
| Árpád
| Árpád
| [[bodie]]
| human
|- class='wd_q83259'
| [[École Normale Supérieure]]
| École Normale Supérieure
| École Normale Supérieure
| organization&lt;br/&gt;École normale supérieure
| organization&lt;br/&gt;école normale supérieure
|- class='wd_q273604'
| [[École normale supérieure de Cachan]]
| École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay
| École normale supérieure de Cachan
| heicher eddication organization&lt;br/&gt;École normale supérieure&lt;br/&gt;eddicational institution
| higher education institution&lt;br/&gt;école normale supérieure&lt;br/&gt;educational institution
|- class='wd_q293928'
| [[Öckerö Municipality]]
| Öckerö Municipality
| Öckerö Municipality
| [[Municipalities o Swaden|municipality o Swaden]]
| municipality of Sweden
|- class='wd_q54158'
| [[Łódź Voivodeship]]
| Łódź Voivodeship
| Łódź Voivodeship
| [[Voivodeships o Poland]]
| voivodeship of Poland
|- class='wd_q133118'
| [[Şanlıurfa]]
| Şanlıurfa
| Şanlıurfa
| [[ceety]]&lt;br/&gt;ceety wi hundreds o thoosands o indwallers&lt;br/&gt;metropolitan municipality in Turkey
| city&lt;br/&gt;big city&lt;br/&gt;metropolitan municipality in Turkey
|}
----
&amp;sum; 1899 items.
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sian Chiong</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:15:14Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
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      <text bytes="1496" sha1="miszc5w8cvp7hfo8114ngvf22qyfe7m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Sian Chiong
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], [[Cuba]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = [[Actor]]&lt;br/ &gt;[[Sangster]]
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', well-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born October 27, 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>miszc5w8cvp7hfo8114ngvf22qyfe7m</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>927736</id>
      <parentid>927735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>addit expaund tag</comment>
      <origin>927736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1603" sha1="5cb0p5anybrz7heh48mbnoqkfbiz1b0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Sian Chiong
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], [[Cuba]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = [[Actor]]&lt;br/ &gt;[[Sangster]]
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}{{Expand airticle|. Ye can uise the [[:es:Sian Chion|Spainish-leid airticle]] tae help|date=November 2026}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', well-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born October 27, 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>5cb0p5anybrz7heh48mbnoqkfbiz1b0</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>927737</id>
      <parentid>927736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:19:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>mendin airtin</comment>
      <origin>927737</origin>
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      <text bytes="1604" sha1="i687as6708p2n79b3wauxajn9zco8z3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Sian Chiong
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], [[Cuba]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = [[Actor]]&lt;br/ &gt;[[Sangster]]
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}{{Expand airticle|. Ye can uise the [[:es:Sian Chiong|Spainish-leid airticle]] tae help|date=November 2026}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', well-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born October 27, 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>i687as6708p2n79b3wauxajn9zco8z3</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>927738</id>
      <parentid>927737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:20:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
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      <origin>927738</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1609" sha1="hom5drl391g5he36minulnntif2lq0d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Sian Chiong
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], [[Cuba]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = [[Actor]]&lt;br/ &gt;[[Sangster]]
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}{{Expand airticle|. Ye can uise the [[:es:Sian Chiong|Spainish-leid airticle]] tae help|date=November 2026}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', mair well-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born October 27, 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>hom5drl391g5he36minulnntif2lq0d</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>927824</id>
      <parentid>927738</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:03:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <comment>dmy</comment>
      <origin>927824</origin>
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      <text bytes="1608" sha1="guqbfu58zhwzsvcn41ln0rkb1tg4x2v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = Sian Chiong
| image              = 
| imagesize          = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], [[Cuba]]
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = [[Actor]]&lt;br/ &gt;[[Sangster]]
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}{{Expand airticle|. Ye can uise the [[:es:Sian Chiong|Spainish-leid airticle]] tae help|date=November 2026}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', mair weel-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born 27 October 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>guqbfu58zhwzsvcn41ln0rkb1tg4x2v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927826</id>
      <parentid>927824</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
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      <origin>927826</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1524" sha1="lqav633g0ggpe5x48xkx1yrv94np2o3" xml:space="preserve">{{Expand airticle|. Ye can uise the [[:es:Sian Chiong|Spainish-leid airticle]] tae help|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox bodie
| name               = Sian Chiong 
| birth_name         = Sian Chiong Cheruet
| birth_place        = [[Havana|San Cristobal de La Habana]], Cuba
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1993|10|27}}
| occupation         = Actor&lt;br/&gt;Sangster
| yearsactive        = 2004-present
}}

'''Sian Chiong Cheruet''', mair weel-kent as '''Sian Chiong''' (born 27 October 1993) is a Cuban actor an sangster.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Sian Chiong: “La fama pasó a un segundo plano”|url=https://www.eluniversal.com/entretenimiento/90414/sian-chiong-la-fama-paso-a-un-segundo-plano|access-date=2021-05-24|website=El Universal|language=es|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}{{Stub/Spain}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiong, Sian}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Livin fowk]]
[[Category:Male actors from Havana]]
[[Category:Cuban male film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male telenovela actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o mexican actors]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Cuba]]
[[Category:Sangsters fowk]]
[[Category:Actors frae La havana]]
[[Category:Cuban bairn actors]]
[[Category:Cuban male pop sangsters]]
[[Category:Mexican film actors]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o Mexican strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban fowk o American strynd]]
[[Category:Cuban televeesion actors]]
[[Category:Cuban vyce actors]]
[[Category:Hispanic an Latino American actors]]
[[Category:Sangsters frae La havana]]</text>
      <sha1>lqav633g0ggpe5x48xkx1yrv94np2o3</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Samoé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>230582</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927763</id>
      <parentid>879847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:56:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redd-up, soorce, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927763</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="319" sha1="6bhk4r6vw07bj161h9mvw5fo33a18gc" xml:space="preserve">'''Samoé''' is a [[toun]] an sub-prefecture in the Nzérékoré Prefecture o the Nzérékoré Region o [[Guinea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Subprefectures of Guinea|url=http://www.statoids.com/ygn.html|access-date=March 9, 2009|publisher=Statoids}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]]</text>
      <sha1>6bhk4r6vw07bj161h9mvw5fo33a18gc</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>927764</id>
      <parentid>927763</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:57:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Stub</comment>
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      <text bytes="329" sha1="rrd5vka9ljc97veaelga3v27q8bq1zp" xml:space="preserve">'''Samoé''' is a [[toun]] an sub-prefecture in the Nzérékoré Prefecture o the Nzérékoré Region o [[Guinea]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Subprefectures of Guinea|url=http://www.statoids.com/ygn.html|access-date=March 9, 2009|publisher=Statoids}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Stub}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]]</text>
      <sha1>rrd5vka9ljc97veaelga3v27q8bq1zp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>People's Alliance Pairty (Albainie)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>230892</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927743</id>
      <parentid>883829</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T13:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Monospaced</username>
        <id>75295</id>
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      <comment>Rewrite, remove Fix Scots</comment>
      <origin>927743</origin>
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      <text bytes="807" sha1="lvhoomzmkwbheu8tzb1iibwruk1i2o8" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced|date=Aprile 2026}}
{{Infobox poleetical pairty
|leader = Fatjon Softa
|country = Albainie
|merged = Movement for National Development - Leka I Zogu
}}
'''People's Alliance Pairty''' ([[Albainien leid|Albanian]]: ''Partia Aleanca Popullore'') is a [[poleetical pairty]] in [[Albainie]]. It is led bi the ingineer Fatjon Softa, that wis polis chief in [[Tirana]] atween 1992 an 1996. Softa becam preses o the pairty in 2002.

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the pairty jined the Movement for National Development coalition. Softa stuid as the coalition's candidate in the single-member constituency o Zone 34, [[Coonties o Albanie|Qarku]], [[Tirana]]. Syne Februar 2007 he haes been a member o the local cooncil o [[Tirana]], an preses o its municipality for public order an civil pertection.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Quetzalcoatlus</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1042" sha1="17egf9men0vhwfl08ssmgk53d6gmamd" xml:space="preserve">{{No Scots}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Quetzalcoatlus''
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]]), {{fossilrange|68|66}}
| image = Gfp-quetzalcaotlus.jpg
| image_caption = Restored ''Quetzalcoatlus'' skeleton&lt;br /&gt;displayed in quadrupedal stance,&lt;br /&gt;[[Houston Museum of Natural Science]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Sauropsida]]
| ordo = †[[Pterosauria]]
| subordo =†[[Pterodactyloidea]]
| familia = †[[Azdarchidae]]
| genus = †'''''Quetzalcoatlus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Douglas A. Lawson|Lawson]], 1975
| type_species = †'''''Quetzalcoatlus northropi'''''
| type_species_authority = Lawson, 1975
| subdivision_ranks = 
| subdivision = 
}}

'''''Quetzalcoatlus''''' is an extinct genus o azhdarchid [[pterosaur]] knawn from the [[Late Cretaceous]] Maastrichtian age o [[North Americae]]. Its name comes from the Aztec feethered serpent god [[Quetzalcoatl]]. Type species is '''''Q. northropi''''', named by Douglas Lawson in 1975.

{{stub}}

[[Category:Pterosaurs]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1040" sha1="85w2uz52h01qqpcf9brcb1sinywoyyh" xml:space="preserve">{{Unsoorced}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Quetzalcoatlus''
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian]]), {{fossilrange|68|66}}
| image = Gfp-quetzalcaotlus.jpg
| image_caption = Restored ''Quetzalcoatlus'' skeleton&lt;br /&gt;displayed in quadrupedal stance,&lt;br /&gt;[[Houston Museum of Natural Science]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Sauropsida]]
| ordo = †[[Pterosauria]]
| subordo =†[[Pterodactyloidea]]
| familia = †[[Azdarchidae]]
| genus = †'''''Quetzalcoatlus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Douglas A. Lawson|Lawson]], 1975
| type_species = †'''''Quetzalcoatlus northropi'''''
| type_species_authority = Lawson, 1975
| subdivision_ranks = 
| subdivision = 
}}

'''''Quetzalcoatlus''''' is an extinct genus o azhdarchid [[pterosaur]] kent fae the [[Late Cretaceous]] Maastrichtian age o [[North Americae]]. Its name comes fae the Aztec feithered serpent god [[Quetzalcoatl]]. Type species is '''''Q. northropi''''', named by Douglas Lawson in 1975.

{{stub}}

[[Category:Pterosaurs]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Mercat Cross/Archive/5</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
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      <comment>Bot: Archivin 2 threads fae [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross]]</comment>
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Julie 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 August 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 23:19, 22 August 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 September 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:14, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Celtic Knot Conference, 25–27 September: programme announcement ==

Hello everyone,

On behalf of the Celtic Knot organising team, I'm excited to announce that the programme is now [[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|available to view on Meta-Wiki]].

Explore the diverse range of sessions, workshops, and cultural events that will bring together language enthusiasts, Wikimedians, and community leaders from around the world.

Whether you're interested in language preservation, digital tools for minority languages, or simply connecting with like-minded individuals, there's something for everyone.

And there will be more programme updates including satellite events. We have some additional sessions in store that you won't want to miss.

[[:meta:Celtic Knot Conference 2024/Program|Check out the program now and start planning your conference experience]].

As a reminder, if you plan to join the conference onsite or online, don't forget to [https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/2024-celtic-knot-wikimedia-language-conference-25-27-september-tickets-920884589597?aff=oddtdtcreator register on Eventbrite]. [[Uiser:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|Richard Nevell (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Richard Nevell (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:16, 10 September 2024 (UTC)
== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 September 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 18:56, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 October 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
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== Deployment of Dark mode in Scots Wikipedia ==

Hello Scots Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

We are happy to announce that the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] have deployed [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on Scots Wikipedia! This was possible because pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations!

This was only possible due to the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who have made sure that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody!

For context, we would like to add that the Web team's work on dark mode has concluded. If on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month.

If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create this page: &lt;code&gt;Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/sco.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt; in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page.

Thank you!

On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 01:42, 9 October 2024 (UTC)
== Wikimedian of the Year Awards - Call for Nominations Now Open ==

Hello everyone, We are excited to announce that nominations are open for the 2024 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards. We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have been involved with Wikimedia UK's efforts to advance open knowledge in 2023/24. The categories for this year are:

* UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual)
* Partnership of the Year (Organisation)
* Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual)

We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2023/24. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment. Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the Community Celebration on Saturday 23rd November 2024. [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-2024-nominations-open/ Read more and nominate]

13:48, 10 October 2024 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 October 2024 (UTC)
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== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Scots Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Scots Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Scots Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|link=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 9th November 2024.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Uiser:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Uiser collogue:UOzurumba (WMF)|tauk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2024 (UTC)
== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Winter 2024 Writin Drive ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki!  25 Nov - 1 Dec, Zoom sessions 25 &amp; 28 Nov.  The theme is Scots &amp; Irish Social Venues &amp; Events.  [[Wikipedia:Winter 2024 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:01, 18 November 2024 (UTC)
== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Featurt Pictur ==

Am wantin tae gie a haun wi pittin on the featurt pictur fur the front page. Are thare ony guidelines a hiv tae abide bi an whaur coud a fun eemages tae pit on? Is thare a candidate leet?

-[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 20:00, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
:Jist summat aat ye hink leuks gweed.  A'd ask aat ye pick summat aat haes ae hauf decent airticle on here, wid raither nae hae reid airtins on the front page (he seys, ignorin the twa reid templates on the front page).  Anither hing, we kin prolly dae awa wi the OTD section.  Naebidy wints ti maintain it an it's mair ae hudower fae blindly copyin enwiki [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 20:09, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
::A’d comment it oot until we kin fun someb'dy thit is willin tae wirk on it. -[[Uiser:Cobra 3000|Cobra!]] ([[Uiser collogue:Cobra 3000|tauk]]) 02:31, 26 November 2024 (UTC)
::One way to make &quot;on this day&quot; easier is to use the day of the year pages, and the &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;onlyinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag.  I've done this quickly for 14 December.  I could potentially do all the days of the year, maybe includin just those entries which have no red links apart from years.  [[Uiser:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]] ([[Uiser collogue:Rich Farmbrough|tauk]])

== My Sincerest Thanks ==

I apologize for not writing this in the commonly used dialect, but I find I am incapable of it. That's besides my point. I am (or at least consider myself to be) a rookie Voice Actor, and have to learn a variety of accents to accommodate different voices. The way this site is written has helped me greatly by visualizing the pronunciation of the Scottish accent, and has actually landed me a potential job.

Thanks, - [[Uiser:Shovel Shenanigans|Shovel Shenanigans]] ([[Uiser collogue:Shovel Shenanigans|tauk]]) 01:50, 15 December 2024 (UTC)
== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Januar 2025 (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Januar 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Februar writin drive - 3-9 Februar ==

{{en}} Afternoon folks, a wee reminder that the next Writin Drive takes place next week (3-9th), with Zoom sessions taking place Monday 3 &amp; Thursday 6.  Edit any time during the week and sign up for the Dashboard to log your edits!  We're focussing again on articles with the &quot;Fix Scots&quot; tab. [[Wikipedia:Februar 2025 Writin Drive||Mair info &amp; sign up here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:57, 27 Januar 2025 (UTC)
== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC)
== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 02:36, 29 Januar 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Februar 2025 (UTC)
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== Temporar adminship fur Pigsonthewing ==

A'm requestin aat [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing]] be gien temporar (1 month) adminship here.  Pigsonthewing is ae admin on Wikispecies sae haes experience wi the tuils an haes been helpin wi coontervandalism here durin ma absence (taggin spam an makkin uiss o rowback tuils), an haein the fu reeng o tuils wid help them deal wi spam an vandalism an mak siccart aat scowiki disna gang unner whiles a'm gane [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)

'''Comment''' - A'm pittin iss here insteid ae at [[WP:RFA]] as iss is meant as a temporar caretakkin meisur raither nor ae lang term prospeck [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 02:58, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)

:'''Aye''' (en) I know @[[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] through my paid work wearing my @[[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] hat; supporting as a volunteer. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 10:08, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
: Thank you. Confirming I'm happy to serve in this role. [[Uiser:Pigsonthewing|Pigsonthewing]] ([[Uiser collogue:Pigsonthewing|tauk]]) 10:22, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
: '''Support''' [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 20:29, 4 Februar 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Februar 2025 (UTC)
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== Mairch Writin Drive - 24-30 Mairch ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 24-30 Mairch!

Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template. 

Zooms - 24 &amp; 27 Mairch, 6-8pm UTC. 

Mair info [[Wikipedia:Mairch 2025 Writin Drive|here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:23, 25 Februar 2025 (UTC)
== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Mairch 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 Mairch 2025 (UTC)
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== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 Mairch 2025 (UTC)
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== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Mey-Juin Writin Drive - 26 Mey - 1 Juin ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki, 26 Mey - 1 Juin! 

Fur this event, we'll be sortin oot the airticles wi the fix_scots template.

Zooms - 27 &amp; 29 Mey, 6-8pm UTC+1 (BST)

[[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mair info here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:34, 15 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:03, 28 Apryle 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Apryle 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Celtic Knot 2025 survey ==

{{en}} Sorry not to be able to send this in Scots - message below in Welsh and English.

(Gweler isod ar gyfer y Gymraeg)

We are planning an online community meeting later this year for [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024|Celtic Knot]] (a conference celebrating minority languages). We would love to hear from you what you would like to see.

We have created a small questionnaire to find out what was successful at Celtic Knot 2024 and what you would like to see this year. The survey is open to people who attended the conference last year and people who are interested in coming to an online community meeting this year. To participate, go to https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog. The survey is also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog Welsh] or [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScN6IBXfAUowjhQ4Uc6-_SZXUMJ9Mtp-iUgX5thg8bPHOGA-A/viewform?usp=dialog Irish].

(See above for English)

Rydym gynllunio ar gyfer cyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein yn ddiweddarach eleni ar gyfer [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2024/cy|Celtic Knot]] (cynhadledd sy’n dathlu ieithoedd lleiafrifol). Byddem wrth ein bodd yn dysgu oddi wrthych beth hoffech chi ei weld.

Rydym wedi creu holiadur bach i ddysgu beth roedd yn llwyddiannus yn Celtic Knot 2024 a beth hoffech chi weld eleni. Mae’r arolwg yn agor i bobol sydd wedi mynychu’r gynhadledd llynedd a phobl gyda diddordeb am ddod i gyfarfod cymunedol ar-lein eleni. I gymryd rhan, ewch i https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSccsyMDUDFYush1oBasvulH4Vsjp0hubrKS_9u_73LCVtbJ0Q/viewform?usp=dialog [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:56, 17 Apryle 2025 (UTC)

:The above survey will close on the '''15th May.''' The survey is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Welsh] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Irish] however if for any reason the survey isn't accessible for you, you are very welcome to email me (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) to share your thoughts or discuss more accessible ways to have your say. 
:Mae'r holiadur uchod yn cau ar y 15fed Mai. Mae'r holiadur yn ar gael yn [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBlgi-0XNjjgh9HCQsy7KQWJo4qhfJmCGtQjwFI4WWYipaMA/viewform?usp=dialog Saesneg], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1BXYa7c6-9R4ZAeJFltPQSGw0OcnZbbz-b080wKpFAlI/edit Cymraeg] a [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1pyqryilEEymj7TpqEHQXEMHKZgCPRmDnH77oPCekqwQ/edit Gwyddelig] ond os mae'r holiadur ddim yn hygyrch amdanoch chi am unrhyw reswm, mae croeso mawr i chi anfon e-bost i fi (gemma.coleman@wikimedia.org.uk) i rannu eich barn neu drafod am ffyrdd well i chi cael eich dweud. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:13, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC)

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive ==

Jyne us in sortin oot an impruivin the Wiki!  26 Mey - 1 Juin - mair info - [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive|Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]]

Thare ur '''2450''' articles on the wiki thit are still tagged as needin thair Scots sortit, an '''1480''' (25 Mairch 2025) o'aim ur stubs. Mony o thaim are juist a coople o lines lang, so we'v got a really guid opportunity here tae dae a big dent in that nummer! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:41, 21 Mey 2025 (UTC)
== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Mey 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 03:08, 28 Mey 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|Collogue]]) 16:47, 29 Mey 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
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== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juin 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:44, 17 Juin 2025 (UTC)
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== Adminship votin open ==

{{en}} Wee note to say that there's an RfA (request for adminship) now open here: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]. [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 09:57, 25 Juin 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juin 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 12:45, 14 Julie 2025 (UTC)
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== (en) Wiki Loves Monuments help needed.. ==

Hey folks, Sara here.  Turns out that we could offer a Scots interface for the new Wiki Loves Monuments app if we can offer the translations - I'd LOVE for us to be able to do this, but I know fine well that I don't have the skills to do it myself.  Wondering if anyone here might be interested in helping out?  

There's 142 items, ranging from single words to longer sentences, with a lot being short phrases (2-6 ish words long).  Hoping that maybe if a few folks pitch in, that it wouldn't be too big a job...?  If folks are interested, please do drop me a wee email and I could share the spreadsheet - sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:41, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== (en) Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions ==

Just a wee note to let folks know about some events we've got coming up that might be of interest - [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/08/community-sandbox-events/ Wikimedia UK Sandbox Sessions.&quot;]  They're volunteer-led events supported by Wikimedia UK - the first is on using a Wikidata tool called Duplicity, to create missing Wikidata items from Wikipedia, and the next is on How to edit calmly in controversial areas.  There's one more announced at the moment, and two still to come!  Should be good - hope to see some folks there :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 14:13, 14 August 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
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== (en) Celtic Knot Online Gathering this September ==

{{en}} 
Hi, I'd just like to let you know about the &quot;Celtic Knot&quot; online gathering that's happening on the 23rd September 2025. The gathering is an opportunity for editors who edit in different languages, especially Celtic and minoritised languages, to connect and learn from each other. 

More information and registration is [[metawiki:Celtic_Knot_Conference_2025/Programme|here]]. [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:02, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
== Volunteer role: Scots Wiki community support ==

{{en}} Since 2020, Wikimedia UK has been supporting the Scots Wiki community with a series of editathons / writing drives.  We’re currently looking for a new volunteer to help add some capacity in this area of work, as the existing volunteer is stepping down, after five years of greatly-appreciated work.  Ideally this person would be a Scots speaker / writer who’s got some Wiki skills, but we’re aware that that’s a small group of people!  If you’re a Scots speaker / writer, we’re very happy to teach Wiki skills, and we’re open to exploring how this might work if you’ve got the requisite Wiki skills, and are interested in learning more about the Scots language.  

We estimate that this role would take around 1-2 hours per week, plus time spent in Zoom sessions (up to now, 2 x 2 hour sessions per writing drive).  Writing Drives take place around every 2 months and are currently attended by a small but regular group of editors.  You can see the progress we’ve made over the years on the [[wmfdashboard:campaigns/scots_wiki/programs|Dashboards here.]]

You’d be working mainly with [[user:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas]], (Programme Manager at Wikimedia UK), and so duties can be divided, but this role would/could involve:

* Creating &amp; updating on-wiki event pages [[Wikipedia:Julie-August 2025 Writin Drive|like this]]
** Deciding on themes
** Creating worklists (manually, or using [https://petscan.wmcloud.org/ PetScan] or Wikidata)
** Using the Event Registration tool to [[metawiki:Event:Scots_Wiki_Writin_Drive_Julie_29.07.25|create registration pages like this]] 
* Updating [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|the project page]] with events &amp; outputs
* Creating Event [[wmfdashboard:|Dashboards]]
* Advertising the events
** On-wiki posts
** Off-wiki locations like Facebook, Discord, and the WMUK Scotwiki mailing list
** Researching &amp; reaching out to other places in which to advertise
* Hosting or co-hosting the regular zoom sessions which form part of the Writing Drives
** Wikimedia UK Zoom can be used!
* Contributing to / leading on new ideas for events &amp; campaigns

'''What we can offer:''' 

As well as training in Wiki-skills should you not already have these, and support and regular contact with the Wikimedia UK team, we are also interested in offering a scholarship to a relevant conference to present about the work and to help support future work.  

'''How to apply:'''

Please contact [mailto:sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk sara.thomas@wikimedia.org.uk] outlining your relevant skills and experience, and we’ll set up a chat.

Cheers! :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 13:46, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

*Ye willnae be able tae edit fur up til ae oor on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sco}}.
*If ye try tae edit or hain durin thir times, ye will be gien ae error message. We howp that nae edits will gang astray durin the meenits but we canna mak shuir o'it. Gin ye see the error message, then please wait til athing is back tae normal. Then ye sud be able tae mak hain o yer edit. But, we recommend that ye mak a copy o yer chynges aforehaund, juist in case.

''Ither effecks'':

*Backgroond tasks will be slaw an some micht drap. Reid airtins minna be updatit as quick as normal. Gin ye mak ae airticle that is awreidy airtint elsewyes, the airtin will remain reid fur langer nor uisual. Some lang-rinnin scripts will hae tae stap.
* We expect the code deployments tae happen as wi ony ither week. Houaniver, some case-by-case code freezes cud happen gin the operation needs thaim efterwarts.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] willnae be available fur aboot 90 meenits.

Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Campaign Events extension ==

{{en}} Hi folks.  Posting here with my WMUK staff hat on, but I also do editing with my volunteer account [[user:lirazelf]].  I'm using my staff account for this as it would be mostly in my staff capacity that I'd be using this extension, so seemed best for transparency.  I'd like to propose that the community consider enabling the Campaign Events extension for the wiki - details here: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents.  

I'm currently using the deployment on meta for events for Scots wiki - (example [[m:Event:Scots Wiki Writin Drive Mey 29.05.25|here]], linking to pages like [[Wikipedia:Mey-Juin 2025 Writin Drive]].  The extension lets you create Event Registration pages on the wiki (so no need to use Eventbrite or other off-wiki tool), message participants through their email (good for sending zoom links, updates etc), which is really useful!  There's also other features like the collaboration list, which I reckon could be positive for developing community here, but that could only happen if the extension is enabled on this wiki.  

As well as metawiki, I use the tool on en.wiki and wikidata, for community training events, and international collaboration events, and I'm a fan - I hope that others would be able to use it here too.  

First step to enabling the extension (it's available for all Wikipedias) is to gather consensus (as per this page: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status) - so starting that off :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 16:16, 9 September 2025 (UTC)

* '''Ay''' - dinna see ony skaith in pittin iss ti eese [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:23, 16 September 2025 (UTC)
*:{{en}} Update to this - there's a plan to make the right to use this automatic for autoconfirmed users for small &amp; medium wikis which have the extension enabled.[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Proposal_to_grant_autoconfirmed_users_on_small_and_medium_wikis_the_organizer_access_to_the_event_registration_tool see here for more info.] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 12:12, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt;  19:49, 2 October 2025 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WMUK Wikimedian of the Year Awards 2025 ==

Hi folks!  We are excited to announce that '''nominations are open for the 2025 UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards.''' 

We are asking you to nominate individuals and organisations that have contributed toward advancing open knowledge in 2024/25.

The categories for this year are:

* UK Wikimedian of the Year (Individual)
* Partnership of the Year (Organisation)
* Up and Coming Wikimedian (Individual)

We are looking for people and partnerships within the Wikimedia UK community who have really impressed you with their open knowledge work, in 2024/25. We are particularly keen to hear about people and organisations who delivered projects addressing our strategic themes of Knowledge Equity, Information Literacy, and Climate and Environment.  

Nominations will be judged by members of the Community Development Committee and winners will be announced at the '''Community Celebration on Saturday 15th November 2025''' (Save the date, we'd love to see you there!).

You can read about [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2024/12/2024-uk-wikimedian-year-awards/ last year's winners here.] 

You can submit two nominations per category. Use [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScVy7AmH0qRRZmQ-QHtYKKCBZY0O40JZN9MWl8Xu7-oqK1-fg/viewform this Google Form] to submit your nominations. Nominations close on '''22nd October.''' [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:30, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 04:48, 9 October 2025 (UTC)
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== {{en}} Join Us for Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration – 15 November 2025 ==

We’re delighted to invite you to '''Wikimedia UK’s Online Community Celebration''', taking place on '''Saturday 15 November, from 11am to 1pm'''.

This online gathering will celebrate the achievements of our incredible community over the past year, recognise outstanding contributions through the '''UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards''', and showcase inspiring projects from across the UK through a series of '''lightning talks'''.

Over the past month, we’ve reached out to community members for talk proposals, and we’re thrilled with the lineup we now have! So much remarkable work happens behind the scenes in our movement, and this event is a chance to shine a light on those efforts and celebrate them together.

Following the lightning talks, we’ll present the '''annual UK Wikimedian of the Year Awards'''. You can find out more about the awards [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/10/wikimedian-of-the-year-awards-call-for-nominations/ here]. Nominations are open until '''22 October.'''

This celebration is '''open to everyone''', both Wikimedia UK members and anyone interested in learning more about Wikimedia’s work in the UK and getting involved.

Tickets are free, the event will be held on Zoom, and you can reserve your tickets now through [https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-wikimedia-uk-2025-community-celebration-tickets-1775880058059?aff=oddtdtcreator&amp;_gl=1%2Ap0azzm%2A_up%2AMQ..%2A_ga%2ANDA4MzAyNzQ0LjE3NTk3NDk4NTQ.%2A_ga_TQVES5V6SH%2AczE3NTk3NDk4NTMkbzEkZzAkdDE3NTk3NDk4NTMkajYwJGwwJGgw#search Eventbrite.]

We can’t wait to celebrate with you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:53, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 October 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 November 2025 (UTC)
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== (in Inglis) Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part ==

Apologies for the English language post. On the '''6th December''' there is an online “Revitalising UK history (Series 2)” event which we would like to make sure Scots speakers are aware of. 

The event builds on the success of [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 1)'']], which enriched Wikidata entries about underrepresented UK historical figures. For series 2, the aim is to improve multilingual accessibility by adding labels and descriptions to Wikidata items in a variety of languages and we would love for the different UK languages to be represented. 

There is an online training event on '''Saturday 6th December 3pm - 5pm.''' More information and registration can be found at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:57, 26 November 2025 (UTC)
== (in Inglis) Update - Wikidata event looking for Scots speakers to take part ==

Apologies for the English language post. Before Christmas I posted about an online [[metawiki:Event:Revitalizing_UK_History 2|''Revitalizing UK History (Series 2)'']] event which we were hoping to get some Scots presence at.

Unfortunately a tech issue meant we had to postpone and the event has now been scheduled for '''Saturday 17th January (3pm to 5pm online)''' instead.

We'd LOVE to get some Wikidata items labelled in Scots as well as a range of other languages. For more information and registration head to https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2[[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 15:15, 7 Januar 2026 (UTC)
== Scottish Book Trust vacancy: Vacancy: Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator ==

No aboot Wiki but.... Scottish Book Trust &quot;are lookin for a gallus, eident Scots speaker for the role o Scots Language Ootreach Co-ordinator.&quot;  [Mair info here https://www.scottishbooktrust.com/about/vacancies/scots-language-ootreach-co-ordinator]... [[Uiser:Lirazelf|Lirazelf]] ([[Uiser collogue:Lirazelf|tauk]]) 11:33, 14 Januar 2026 (UTC)
== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 13:21, 18 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Januar 2026 (UTC)
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== Bot flag ==

Hallo! A first noticed the Scots Wikipedia aboot a year ago, while A wis in Scotland. Recently, A've stertit editin on scowiki an gettin better acquaint wi hou the wiki works. While daein thae edits, A noticed a wheen recurring maintenance issues that could be handled mair easily wi simple automation. Tae help wi thae routine, low-risk tasks, A'm proponin BZPN bot. The full description o whit the bot daes (an disnae dae), alang wi its limits an configuration, is set oot at [[User:BZPN/Bot]]. For transparency, the bot's source code is publicly available [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/tree/master here]. 
I'm happy tae adapt the bot’s behaviour based on community feedback. Thanks for yer time. ''Pingin @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] here for visibility, as the maist active admin on sco.wiki recently.'' [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 21:58, 30 Januar 2026 (UTC)
:Fit is the soorce fur the &quot;lexical analysis&quot;?  Pairt o the issue wi the wiki wis fur ower a tenyeir fowks wis eesin bots ti dae leiteral owersettins aat hid nae regaird fur Scots grammar, an fae the editin o yers aat a'v seen ye'v shawn the same signs an the first twa dynamic tasks leuk awfa lik it'd be daein the same hing. As fur the walcomin an non-Scots wairnin, fit een taks priority?  We'r nae aafa keen ti be walcomin vandals an fowks jist here ti &quot;correct grammar&quot; [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 09:55, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC)
::Aye, cheers for raisin thae concerns - they're quite fair. A'll switch tae English for clarity on the technical bits. About &quot;lexical analysis&quot;: there is no AI, no machine learning, and no automatic translation involved '''at all'''. The &quot;lexical analysis&quot; is strictly dictionary-based: the bot compares tokens against a static wordlist (e.g. ''dictionary.txt''), which is part of the [https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot public source code] (which I will update soon because I am constantly improving it). Based on these wordlists, the bot assesses whether the article is en-only, en-heavy or Scots.  Anyone is free to inspect it, suggest changes, or improve it. If the dictionary is wrong, the bot is wrong - nothing is hidden or heuristic. Regarding dynamic tasks, I'm very aware of problems with literal grammar/typo  (&quot;Scotsification&quot;) bots. That's exactly why my bot does '''not''' generate Scots, does '''not''' rewrite sentences, and it does '''not''' apply replacements unless they are explicitly and manually approved. All word and header replacements live in [[User:BZPN/Whitelist.json]] and ''only'' run if the entry is explicitly listed, the match conditions are exact and the community has agreed to add it. No whitelist entry = no change. Welcomes on the other hand are only triggered after a first constructive content edit. The bot detects whether a user's first edit is a vandalism (e.g. has vulgarisms, blanking, special characters, etc.), and based on this, either welcomes the user or ignores them (because the BZPN bot is not an anti-vandal bot, so it doesn't revert edits). If the first edit is in English, the bot assumes GF and inserts both a welcome and a warning. In short: the bot is deliberately conservative, transparent, and designed to avoid repeating the mistakes of earlier bots. If there are specific safeguards you’d want added, I’m happy to discuss and adjust them. Ta again for the questions. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:35, 31 Januar 2026 (UTC)
:::An fit's the soorce o the initial whitelist?  Is it the DSL, the OSD, the Luath Learner?  Nae ivery dictionair oot there is o the same quality [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 07:35, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::::Aye, A think there's still a wee bit o confusion here, sae A'll spell it oot as plainly as a can. The dictionary an the whitelist are twa completely separate things. Dictionary ([https://github.com/BZPN/BZPN.bot/blob/master/dictionary.txt dictionary.txt]) is a static, read-only wordlist that the bot uses '''only''' for classification. It disnae replace words, disnae rewrite text, disnae touch grammar. It simply checks if tokens in an article exists in the Scots wordlist, tae judge whether the text is en-only, en-heavy, or Scots. That's it. Example: &lt;code&gt;fowk = people&lt;/code&gt;.
::::The dictionary wis originally built by me manually, by readin an checkin existin articles on scowiki, an collectin words actually used thair. It's no tied tae ony single published dictionary. It is fully configurable, an can be adapted tae ony variety or orthography o Scots that the community decides it want tae reflect. If a word isnae in the dictionary, the bot just treats it as non-Scots. Nae substitution ''ever'' happens here. Whitelist on the other hand is a separate, optional mechanism for explicitly approved replacements only. If an entry isnae on the whitelist, the bot will '''never''' mak a change. The dictionary is not consulted at aw for whitelist actions. The goal o the whitelist is simple: standardisation, '''not translation'''. It exists tae ensure consistent, agreed-upon terminology for technical an structural elements o the wiki - no for content text. For example, the whitelist micht include fixed headers like ''&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;==See also==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; → &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;==See forbye==&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;''. This isnae aboot stylistic preference or inventin Scots; it's aboot avoidin a mix o English an Scots in standard interface-like headers. Thae replacements are predictable, limited in scope, an identical every time. Nae whitelist entry = nae change. Nae community agreement = nae entry. The whitelist disnae interact wi the dictionary at aw, an it disnae apply tae article prose. It's a controlled tool for consistency, nae mair. Sae tae be absolutely clear: '''the bot never automatically converts English tae Scots'''. As for sources: baith the dictionary an the whitelist are open, public, an editable via the GitHub repository. Onybody is welcome tae review, challenge, improve, or propose changes. If the dictionary is wrang, the bot’s wrang - an that's precisely why it is transparent. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 08:20, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:::::Okay, sae it's biggit manually, aat wis aa a wis wintin ti ken. Wid the bot be able ti check/compare page history as weel gif it fins a airticle aat's maistlins Inglis?  Gif it canna aat's fair eneuch, kin aye dae it manually insteid.  A leukit inti haein a bot ti coonterack the constant Inglifyin o airticles fur a while sae a'm nae oppont ti iss [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 08:53, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::::::Aye, that's the kind o thing a meant. The bot could be extended tae generate reports only - listin airticles that are maistly English based on the existin dictionary check, limited tae e.g. ae report per day wi aboot 50 pages, an excluding ony that already hae &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Fix Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{No Scots}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;; gif that soonds useful, gie me till the end o the week an A'll prototype it sae ye can see exactly hou it behaves, an gif no, that's fair eneuch an it can be left at that. Thank ye. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 10:13, 2 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: the bot is ready fur initial testin. A've implemented the report feature tae [[Uiser:BZPN/Language report|list airticles]] that are maistly English. It's worth mentionin that the bot can make mistakes, but only errors would be due tae missing words in the dictionary or airticles wi irregular header names/wikitext issues. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 13:42, 7 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::A'v seen the testin an the latest roond o reports wis mair accurate nor it wis at furst an fand a heap ae historical vandalism as weel, sae a'm happy fur it ti keep makkin the reports.  Nae seein ony issue wi lettin the bot dae a trial rin fur the ither tasks as weel [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 11:32, 8 Februar 2026 (UTC)
@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]: thanks for the feedback an for monitorin the reports. The bot has nou completed a [[Uiser:ScotsBot/Trial results|4-day supervised test period]]. A'm pleased tae say the behaviour wis stable an predictable. There were nae significant mistakes during the test period. Based on observations from recent chynges (i.e. vandalism), A've slightly refined the detection filters tae reduce false positives. The recent reports hae already been used by the bot for maintenance taggin. As clarified earlier, ony classification errors can only stem frae missing entries in the static dictionary or irregular wikitext/header structures. Unless there are objections, A intend tae request a permanent bot flag on Meta based on this test period. Of course, A remain happy tae adjust thresholds or safeguards if the community feels it necessary. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 11:14, 12 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|BZPN}} A thocht ye seyed it widna be daein owersettins, sae foo come a'm seein bot-lik owersettins in recent changes? [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 23:51, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC)
::Aye, thae edits are '''nae''' connected tae the bot at aw. They come fae ma personal on-wiki gadget: [[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck]], which A put thegither yestreen for ma workflow. It isnae a bot task, an it disnae rin automatically. It disnae translate onything. It simply gies me a popup interface tae apply manual whitelist entries, instead o typin or copyin them by haund in the code. Ye're welcome tae read the '''[[Uiser:BZPN/ScotsCheck|description]]''' an test it yersel if ye like :). Also, the bot itsel has been inactive for twa days nou, waitin for the flag. [[Uiser:BZPN|BZPN]] ([[Uiser collogue:BZPN|tauk]]) 23:59, 13 Februar 2026 (UTC)
:::Except the whitelist isna appruived yet an seems gey seemlir ti fit fowks wis daein last tenyeir.  Fir exemple it seys aat &quot;ay&quot; means &quot;always&quot;, except iss is wrang, an seys aat the Scots fur based is &quot;basit&quot;, excep basit means summat else entirely, amang ither hings. An kin ye explain the block on enwiki? A shid hae chackit aat afore giein appruival [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 00:08, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC)
'''Nae duin''' - BZPN his decidit ti lea the wiki [https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uiser_collogue:CiphriusKane&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=913598 ] [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 18:01, 14 Februar 2026 (UTC)
== {{en}} Wiki Loves Folklore running until 31st March ==

{{en}} Apologies for the English message. If there are keen photographers here, I just wanted to let you know about [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Scotland Wiki Loves Folklore]. Wiki Loves Folklore is a photographic competition that celebrates our intangible cultural heritage. So if you have photos of a festival, a dance, a traditional food or anything else relating to Scotland's cultural heritage, you can upload them through the link above.

All 4 nations of the UK are taking part so if you have pics from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Wales Wales], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_England England] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Ireland Northern Ireland] (organised by Wikimedia Community Ireland), we'd love those too! You can upload them through the relevant nation pages (follow the links from the name above) [[Uiser:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:07, 25 Februar 2026 (UTC)
== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 17:11, 3 Apryle 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

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Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 00:58, 26 Apryle 2026 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Earth! ==

{{en}} Hi folks - Just a wee note to let you know that '''Wiki Loves Earth''' is currently ongoing, running from 1 May - 30 June this year.  It's an international photo competition that looks to capture images of protected natural areas across the world, including their flora and fauna.  You can find out more about the competition, and how to take part, [[:Commons:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Scotland|over on Commmons.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:49, 19 Mey 2026 (UTC)
== Writin Drive August 2026 ==

{{en}} Join us for the August 2026 Writin Drive - we're celebrating 6 years of these events, and it will be the last one we do for a while.  We're holding 2 x zoom sessions - one on Monday 17 August and another on Thursday 20 August, or you can edit any time during the week!  Mair info [[Wikipedia:August 2026 Writin Drive|and sign up details here.]] [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:41, 20 Mey 2026 (UTC)
== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Mey 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|Collogue]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juin 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
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== {{en}} WikiBrounie draft - thoughts? ==

Hey folks, I've been drafting [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)/Draft WikiBrounie|this page]] to be a new tab on [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite|WikiProject The Big Wiki Rewrite]], specifically to be a place and a thing that we can direct those to who want to help with the Wiki, but either don't speak Scots or who aren't confident in their written Scots.  I've had some comments from @[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] but would really appreciate any more feedback or suggestions before I add it.  

Idea would be that if folks land on the Wiki with good intentions, that we can direct those good intentions to the best place. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:58, 20 August 2026 (UTC)

:(&amp; also that I can promote on the WMUK Scotland mailing list, and keep as a regular task when folks are looking for things to edit.) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:35, 20 August 2026 (UTC)
 
::Hi, I think this page is very helpful, particularly the links to unreferenced articles and articles using archive today. Perhaps it could be added regarding archive today that editors should replace it with internet archive if possible and if not then just remove it if the original link is still dead, regards [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 18:23, 21 August 2026 (UTC)
:::Brilliant - yes, will add this.  Thank you! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 08:59, 24 August 2026 (UTC)

:: Just found a problem with the list of archive today links which is it only lists one link for each page when there can be multiple links on a page such as [[Mexican Drog War]], [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 22:57, 23 August 2026 (UTC)
:::A believe Mexican Drog War wis ae exception as there wis summat wrang wi the references, bit it is listin multiple airtins per airticle e.g. [[Daraa Destrict]].  A'v optit ti nuke Mexican Drog War as nae bein wirth the time ti fix, better ti stairt ower in aat case [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 03:45, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
::::Grand, thanks!  Can add something to the instructions too to get folks to check whether there are multiple refs on the same article, just in case there are others. :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:00, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ok, added.  One thing to note - you'll see that I've said &quot;set URL status to dead&quot; - I'm pretty sure that that should be &quot;deid&quot;, but &quot;dead&quot; is what's in the template. [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 09:09, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Those are very helpful changes and I agree about the Mexican Drog War as that would have taken hours to fix, imv [[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] ([[Uiser collogue:Atlantic306|tauk]]) 00:16, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Grand, thanks :) [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:28, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
::::::::@[[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] @[[Uiser:Atlantic306|Atlantic306]] Ok, that's now live [[Wikipedia:Wikiproject The Big Wiki Rewrite/WikiBrounies]] on the project page - please feel free to point folks in that direction if it's helpful in your general admin / extended rights user duties :) Thanks so much for the suggestions and feedback! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 11:30, 25 August 2026 (UTC)
:Somebody should share this in the Scots Language Forum group on Facebook. That would give this project the widest attention. [[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]] ([[Uiser collogue:Gallovidisk|tauk]]) 09:46, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks @[[Uiser:Gallovidisk|Gallovidisk]], good suggestion! [[Uiser:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|Sara Thomas (WMUK)]] ([[Uiser collogue:Sara Thomas (WMUK)|tauk]]) 10:00, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Yer wiki will be in raed-anerly suin ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Raed iss message in anither leid]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedie Foondation]] will be switchin the traffec atween its data centres. Iss will mak shuir that Wikipaedia an the ither Wikimedie wiki kin stey onwab e'en efter a muckle mishanterin.

Aw traffec will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|sco}}'''. The test will stert at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

Unfortunate, acause o some leemits in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MedieWiki]], aw editin maun stap whiles the switch is makit. We apologise fur iss disruption, an we ar wirkin tae minimise it in futur. 

Ae banner will be shawn on aw wikis 30 meenits afore iss operation happens. &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
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'''Ye will be able tae raed, but nae edit, aa wikis fur ae smaa period o time.'''

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''Ither effecks'':

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Iss projeck micht be pit aff gin needit. Ye kin [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Ony chynges will be annoonced in the schedule. 

'''Please share iss information wi yer commonity.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 September 2026 (UTC)
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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==

''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

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== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

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Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
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Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[Uiser:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Uiser collogue:MediaWiki message delivery|tauk]]) 09:29, 9 October 2026 (UTC)
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    <title>The End of Everything (novel)</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>addit a wee bit o airtins</comment>
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      <text bytes="10391" sha1="6dcq7dhe1yl1q9l29bopmwmgeaj35yz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox beuk
| name = The End of Everything
| author = [[M. John Harrison]]
| language = Inglis
| genre = [[Science fiction]]
| set_in = [[Kent]], in the near future
| publisher = Serpent's Tail
| pub_date = Juin 2026
| awards = [[Booker Prize]] (2026)
| isbn = 9781800812949
| website = [https://serpentstail.com/work/the-end-of-everything/ Serpent's Tail]
}}
'''''The End of Everything''''' is a novelle bi [[M. John Harrison]], published bi Serpent's Tail in Juin 2026.&lt;ref name=faber&gt;{{cite news |last=Faber |first=Michel |title=The End of Everything by M John Harrison review – near-future visions from an SF master |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2026/jun/09/the-end-of-everything-by-m-john-harrison-review-near-future-visions-from-an-sf-master |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 June 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=locus&gt;{{cite web |last=Harrison |first=Niall |date=26 July 2026 |title=The End of Everything by M. John Harrison: Review by Niall Harrison |url=https://locusmag.com/review/the-end-of-everything-by-m-john-harrison-review-by-niall-harrison/ |website=Locus |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is his 13th novelle.&lt;ref name=gint&gt;{{cite news |title=M John Harrison: 'If we met a real alien we'd have no clue what they thought' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2026/jun/21/m-john-harrison-if-we-met-a-real-alien-wed-have-no-clue-what-they-thought |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 June 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Set on the coast o [[Kent]] a few decades frae nou, it follaes a beachcomber an his auld auntie, years efter a crisis that naebody really unnerstaunds.&lt;ref name=faber/&gt;&lt;ref name=gwin&gt;{{cite news |last=Loffhagen |first=Emma |title=M John Harrison becomes first science fiction author to win the Booker prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2026/nov/09/m-john-harrison-the-end-of-everything-wins-2026-booker-prize |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=9 November 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The novelle wan the [[Booker Prize]] 2026. It wis the first novelle considert tae be [[science fiction]] tae win the prize, an at 81, Harrison is the auldest writer ever tae win it.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt;&lt;ref name=bookerpress&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 November 2026 |title=The End of Everything by M. John Harrison wins the Booker Prize 2026 |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/media-centre/press-releases/the-end-of-everything-by-m-john-harrison-wins-the-booker-prize-2026 |website=The Booker Prizes |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=bookershort&gt;{{Cite web |title='Shocking, understated, discomfiting, hilarious': shortlist for Booker Prize 2026 announced |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/media-centre/press-releases/shocking-understated-discomfiting-hilarious-shortlist-for-booker-prize |website=The Booker Prizes |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bookseller&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Lauren |date=9 November 2026 |title=The Booker Prize 2026 goes to M John Harrison in 'historic win' |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/m-john-harrison-takes-home-the-booker-prize-2026-in-historic-win |website=The Bookseller |access-date=9 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Plot==
The story is set a few decades intae the future, alang the sooth coast o Ingland, monie years efter a mysterious catastrophe: unco beings cried the &quot;iGhetti&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 November 2026 |title=The End of Everything by M. John Harrison wins the Booker Prize 2026 |url=https://thebookerprizes.substack.com/p/the-end-of-everything-by-m-john-harrison |website=The Booker Prizes |access-date=9 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; hae appeart an taen ower pairts o [[Lunnon]], sic as [[Ceety o Lunnon|the Square Mile]]. They chynge their shape, an their naiture an aims are no explained.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt;

Phillip Tennent maks his livin on the tideline, gaitherin artefacts that wash up frae the [[Inglis Channel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=wamc&gt;{{cite web |title=The 2026 Booker Prize shortlist is 'writing at its best' |url=https://www.wamc.org/2026-09-22/the-2026-booker-prize-shortlist-is-writing-at-its-best |website=WAMC |date=22 September 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; His 70-year-auld auntie Marnie is a painter, an cam tae the toun o Dalston-on-Sea a generation syne, whan it wis a community o artists.&lt;ref name=lrb&gt;{{cite news |last=Gordon |first=Edmund |date=23 July 2026 |title=Uncanny Little Blighter |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v48/n13/edmund-gordon/uncanny-little-blighter |work=London Review of Books |volume=48 |issue=13 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=81-year-old sci-fi author M. John Harrison wins the 2026 Booker Prize |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/11/09/style/booker-prize-winner-2026-m-john-harrison |work=CNN |date=9 November 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;locus&quot; /&gt;

Phillip comes on a thing on the shore, a blob o clear jeelie that grows fast. It learns tae spik, an stairts talkin tae the fowk aroon it.&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;

==Writin==
Harrison first thocht o the novelle aboot 2010.&lt;ref name=litrev&gt;{{cite web |last=Ho |first=Olivia |date=June 2026 |title=Close Encounters |url=https://literaryreview.co.uk/close-encounters |website=Literary Review |issue=552 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first spark for it, he said, wis the financial crisis o 2008.&lt;ref name=abc&gt;{{cite news |title=M John Harrison wins 2026 Booker Prize for dystopian novel The End of Everything |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-11-10/booker-prize-2026-m-john-harrison-the-end-of-everything/107342508 |work=ABC News |date=10 November 2026 |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cnn/&gt; The buik follaes on frae &quot;The Crisis&quot;, a short story in his collection ''You Should Come With Me Now'' (2017). In that story the iGhetti first appeared, takkin ower the [[Ceety o Lunnon]].&lt;ref name=specau&gt;{{cite web |last=Hitchings |first=Henry |date=10 June 2026 |title=Nothing works: The End of Everything, by John M. Harrison, reviewed |url=https://www.spectator.com.au/2026/06/nothing-works-the-end-of-everything-by-john-m-harrison-reviewed/ |website=The Spectator Australia |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=faber/&gt; An Marnie haed kythed afore in his novelle ''Empty Space'' (2012).&lt;ref name=specau/&gt;

He wis wirkin on the buik in 2023, an wantit tae push it as faur as it wid gang. He wantit it tae read lik a novelle he micht hae sent tae the magazine ''New Worlds'' aboot 1967. It wid look lik science fiction on the surface, but grow deeper as ye read on.&lt;ref name=gint/&gt;&lt;ref name=lrb/&gt; The problem he set himsel wis hou tae leave oot muckle detail.&lt;ref name=gint/&gt; He cried it &quot;a disaster story in which the disaster is the failure to comprehend&quot;.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; The art touns on the coast atween Hastings an the Thames gied him the settin, wi current affairs giein him the themes an the satire.&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;

==Reception==
Reviewers notit that the novelle disnae ettle tae explain itsel. Naebody in it unnerstaunds whit haes happened, an they aw hae different ideas aboot it, sae a reader kens nae mair nor the characters.&lt;ref name=gint/&gt;&lt;ref name=lrb/&gt;&lt;ref name=locus/&gt;&lt;ref name=litrev/&gt; Monie critics saw the present day in the text: some thocht the artefact wis sib tae AI, an ithers notit likenesses tae the gentrification o coastal touns, or tae [[Brexit]].&lt;ref name=faber/&gt;&lt;ref name=specau/&gt;&lt;ref name=lrb/&gt; Some fund it compassionate but frichtenin an aw.&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=litrev/&gt;

Writin in ''[[The Guardian]]'', Michel Faber cried the buik &quot;dwamlike an bafflin&quot;, an said it &quot;lichts up the disintegratin existence o humankind wi a strange clearness&quot;.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;In the original Inglis: &quot;Dreamlike and baffling, The End of Everything elucidates humanity's disintegrating existence with strange clarity.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=faber/&gt; He warned that it widnae be for awbody: it is bleaker than his earlier warks, wi less humour.&lt;ref name=faber/&gt; Simon Ings, in ''The Telegraph'', wrote that &quot;Harrison isnae weirder nor maist ither writers, juist better&quot;.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;In the original Inglis: &quot;Harrison isn't weirder than most other writers, just better.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt; In ''Locus'', Niall Harrison wrote that whan the novelle let him go, he wantit tae gang ootside, juist tae shaw that something real still existit.&lt;ref name=locus/&gt;

==Booker Prize==
The novelle wis on the Booker langleet o 13 buiks in Julie 2026.&lt;ref name=serpent&gt;{{cite web |date=28 July 2026 |title=The End of Everything is longlisted for the Booker Prize |url=https://serpentstail.com/2026/07/28/the-end-of-everything-is-longlisted-for-the-booker-prize/ |website=Serpent's Tail |access-date=10 November 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cnn/&gt; On 22 September it wis named on the shortleet o sax.&lt;ref name=wamc/&gt; It wis Harrison's first Booker nomination, tho he haed been ane o the judges in 2022.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;

The panel o judges, chaired bi the classicist [[Mary Beard]], considered 163 buiks.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; Efter a hale day debatin the shortleet, they greed unanimously tae gie the prize tae Harrison.&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; He wis gien the £50,000 prize at a ceremony in Lunnon on 9 November 2026.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt;&lt;ref name=cnn/&gt;

Beard cried it &quot;a buik that turns ye upside doon, raises a wry smile an, surprisingly, gien the subject matter, leaves ye wi a twinge o optimism&quot;.&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;In the original Inglis: &quot;a book that turns you upside down, raises a wry smile – and surprisingly, given the subject matter, leaves you with a twinge of optimism&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; She read it as the politics o the present, seen throu the lens o the future.&lt;ref name=&quot;booker&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; The Booker Prize Foundation cried Harrison the first winner tae come oot o the science fiction warld itsel.&lt;ref name=gwin/&gt; At the ceremony he said: &quot;A feel like a proper writer at last, totally lackin in confidence.&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;In the original Inglis: &quot;I feel like a proper writer at last, totally lacking in confidence.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=abc/&gt;

==Notes==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
*{{cite web |title=''The End of Everything'' |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/books/the-end-of-everything |publisher=The Booker Prizes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:End of Everything, The}}
[[Category:Inglis novelles]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1072" sha1="qxys1gpng014bc3yf5z5h5wpdxr8c9l" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Mvolz (WMF), an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Mvolz (WMF)|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
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Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:10, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="771" sha1="4w01r41ypkliwutpzhnw7r4lgff23sn" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-59560-96|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:11, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <text bytes="1787" sha1="8r8lies6g5tid2q50q0dx3kkvrxmbug" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-59560-96|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:11, 10 November 2026 (UTC)

[[File:Information orange.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Please refrain frae makin unconstructive edits tae Wikipedia. Yer edits appear tae be [[Wikipaedia:Disruptive eeditin|disruptive]] an hae been [[Help:Revertin|revertit]] or remuived.
* Gin ye ar engaged in an airticle [[Wikipedia:Eeditin policy|content dispute]] wi anither editor then please discuss the maitter wi the editor at their collogue page, or the airticle's collogue page. Alternatively ye can seek assistance at Wikipaedia's [[Wikipedia:Admeenistrators' noticeboard|Admeenistrators' noticeboard]].
Please ensure ye ar weel-kent wi Wikipaedia's [[Wikipedia:Leet o policies|policies an guidelines]], an please dinna keep up makin edits that appear disruptive, till the dispute is resolved throu [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. Continuin tae edit disruptively coud result in [[Wikipedia:Blockin policy|loss o editin privileges]]. Thank ye. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:11, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8r8lies6g5tid2q50q0dx3kkvrxmbug</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927844</id>
      <parentid>927843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:12:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>927844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1808" sha1="4dlruh7br6a4qvppp1pz1qmwg7kv7og" xml:space="preserve">== November 2026 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-59560-96|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.&lt;!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:11, 10 November 2026 (UTC)

[[File:Information orange.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Please refrain frae makin unconstructive edits tae Wikipedia. Yer edits appear tae be [[Wikipaedia:Disruptive eeditin|disruptive]] an hae been [[Help:Revertin|revertit]] or remuived.
* Gin ye ar engaged in an airticle [[Wikipedia:Eeditin policy|content dispute]] wi anither editor then please discuss the maitter wi the editor at their collogue page, or the airticle's collogue page. Alternatively ye can seek assistance at Wikipaedia's [[Wikipedia:Admeenistrators' noticeboard|Admeenistrators' noticeboard]].
Please ensure ye ar weel-kent wi Wikipaedia's [[Wikipedia:Leet o policies|policies an guidelines]], an please dinna keep up makin edits that appear disruptive, till the dispute is resolved throu [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. Continuin tae edit disruptively coud result in [[Wikipedia:Blockin policy|loss o editin privileges]]. Thank ye. [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 15:11, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>4dlruh7br6a4qvppp1pz1qmwg7kv7og</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>French-Azerbaijani Varsity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234406</id>
    <redirect title="French-Azerbaijani University" />
    <revision>
      <id>927867</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:19:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[French-Azerbaijani Varsity]] til [[French-Azerbaijani University]]</comment>
      <origin>927867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="b7qt3ccuwpiszv6usratqvd5emaq9ds" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[French-Azerbaijani University]]</text>
      <sha1>b7qt3ccuwpiszv6usratqvd5emaq9ds</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Varsity o Siena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234407</id>
    <redirect title="University o Siena" />
    <revision>
      <id>927872</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:21:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Varsity o Siena]] til [[University o Siena]]</comment>
      <origin>927872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="1i2amk18myjhy64am5qd93pca2lnywm" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Siena]]</text>
      <sha1>1i2amk18myjhy64am5qd93pca2lnywm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Varsity o Lunnon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234408</id>
    <redirect title="University o Lunnon" />
    <revision>
      <id>927875</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Varsity o Lunnon]] til [[University o Lunnon]]</comment>
      <origin>927875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" sha1="k5ygld4flve6to6a5ijm80sw6vgrhv4" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Lunnon]]</text>
      <sha1>k5ygld4flve6to6a5ijm80sw6vgrhv4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Collogue:Varsity o Lunnon</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>234409</id>
    <redirect title="Collogue:University o Lunnon" />
    <revision>
      <id>927877</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Collogue:Varsity o Lunnon]] til [[Collogue:University o Lunnon]]</comment>
      <origin>927877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="kfdu8krqe6gb4i6qdh6zth0b675qr21" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Collogue:University o Lunnon]]</text>
      <sha1>kfdu8krqe6gb4i6qdh6zth0b675qr21</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Varsity o Saunt Aundraes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234410</id>
    <redirect title="University o Saunt Aundraes" />
    <revision>
      <id>927881</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Varsity o Saunt Aundraes]] til [[University o Saunt Aundraes]]</comment>
      <origin>927881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="9cfq7y82kbhfv4sntiabnfsfnq4uov9" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Saunt Aundraes]]</text>
      <sha1>9cfq7y82kbhfv4sntiabnfsfnq4uov9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Collogue:Varsity o Saunt Aundraes</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>234411</id>
    <redirect title="Collogue:University o Saunt Aundraes" />
    <revision>
      <id>927883</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:23:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:Varsity o Saunt Aundraes]] til [[Collogue:University o Saunt Aundraes]]</comment>
      <origin>927883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" sha1="ppf59d9hmde5v0wnv9em79z6jp3f917" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Collogue:University o Saunt Aundraes]]</text>
      <sha1>ppf59d9hmde5v0wnv9em79z6jp3f917</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Varsity o Paris</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234412</id>
    <redirect title="University o Paris" />
    <revision>
      <id>927886</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:24:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Varsity o Paris]] til [[University o Paris]]</comment>
      <origin>927886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="frjqubcwv9zf5esptu1562tabzkknni" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>frjqubcwv9zf5esptu1562tabzkknni</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Keio Varsity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234413</id>
    <redirect title="Keio University" />
    <revision>
      <id>927901</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Keio Varsity]] til [[Keio University]]</comment>
      <origin>927901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="dvvolmyzre5ovpvu26is3ww13vgv2gc" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Keio University]]</text>
      <sha1>dvvolmyzre5ovpvu26is3ww13vgv2gc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Varsity o Manchester</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234414</id>
    <redirect title="University o Manchester" />
    <revision>
      <id>927905</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:30:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Varsity o Manchester]] til [[University o Manchester]]</comment>
      <origin>927905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="oesherfcvlu7ps713orgcogxm1tw4py" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[University o Manchester]]</text>
      <sha1>oesherfcvlu7ps713orgcogxm1tw4py</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Collogue:Varsity o Manchester</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>234415</id>
    <redirect title="Collogue:University o Manchester" />
    <revision>
      <id>927907</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T15:30:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Grilledcheeseisgreat flittit page [[Collogue:Varsity o Manchester]] til [[Collogue:University o Manchester]]</comment>
      <origin>927907</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="9vphqmot7jygfl0y6l8pmq7zs0y5068" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Collogue:University o Manchester]]</text>
      <sha1>9vphqmot7jygfl0y6l8pmq7zs0y5068</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:~2026-59718-28</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>234416</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927930</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T17:30:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CiphriusKane</username>
        <id>74958</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* November 2026 */ new section</comment>
      <origin>927930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="759" sha1="8uddsgnt2ske462ckdqhyc186qrhq9c" xml:space="preserve">== November 2026 ==
[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-59718-28|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:CiphriusKane|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:CiphriusKane|CiphriusKane]] ([[Uiser collogue:CiphriusKane|tauk]]) 17:30, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8uddsgnt2ske462ckdqhyc186qrhq9c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Stub/Colombie</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>234417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927935</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T19:11:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made page wi &quot;{{asbox | image     = Flag of Colombia.svg | pix       = 32 | subject   = Columbie-relatit | qualifier =  | category  = Columbie stubs | tempsort  = * | name      = Template:Stub/Columbie }}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>927935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="190" sha1="irqzqphxan8724jaqfo4ohhd8r2y2hk" xml:space="preserve">{{asbox
| image     = Flag of Colombia.svg
| pix       = 32
| subject   = Columbie-relatit
| qualifier = 
| category  = Columbie stubs
| tempsort  = *
| name      = Template:Stub/Columbie
}}</text>
      <sha1>irqzqphxan8724jaqfo4ohhd8r2y2hk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uiser collogue:Euphydryas</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>234418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927958</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T21:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr.Murdoch78</username>
        <id>119895</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia !</comment>
      <origin>927958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1070" sha1="mhaardbz3u99r2jcwq3wv97ymu4isa3" xml:space="preserve">==''Walcome!''==

Hullo, Euphydryas, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Euphydryas|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu:
* [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna.
* [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here
* [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles

Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. 

'''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''&lt;!--Template:Walcome--&gt; [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 21:59, 10 November 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>mhaardbz3u99r2jcwq3wv97ymu4isa3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>East Neuk</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>234419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>927975</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-10T23:24:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zorpo</username>
        <id>139978</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Made bi owersettin the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382776582|East Neuk]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>927975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="402" sha1="j67cp9xhe98yum25l8r3zaetle0p89l" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:East_Neuk_Crail-09-09-2009_059_(3907090776).jpg|thumb|The herbour o Crail]]
The '''East Neuk o Fife''' is a coastal region o [[Fife]], [[Scotland]], facin the [[Firth o Forth]] and the [[North Sea]]. It is kent fur haein picturesque former fishin veelages, such as [[Ainster]] and Crail, which eften exhibit distinctive pan-tiled ruifs and enclosed stane herbours.
[[Category:Geografie o Fife]]</text>
      <sha1>j67cp9xhe98yum25l8r3zaetle0p89l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927977</id>
      <parentid>927975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T00:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit reference fur verification. The code wis copied ower frae Inglis Wikipedia, see the airtin below fur attribution.</comment>
      <origin>927977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="619" sha1="8ax0d6n9uo7cn8q47d0wnxis12v18j4" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:East_Neuk_Crail-09-09-2009_059_(3907090776).jpg|thumb|The herbour o Crail]]
The '''East Neuk o Fife''' is a coastal region o [[Fife]], [[Scotland]], facin the [[Firth o Forth]] and the [[North Sea]]. It is kent fur haein picturesque former fishin veelages,&lt;ref name=&quot;gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=East Neuk of Fife|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst56.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-05-24|publisher=[[Gazetteer for Scotland]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; such as [[Ainster]] and Crail, which eften exhibit distinctive pan-tiled ruifs and enclosed stane herbours.
[[Category:Geografie o Fife]]</text>
      <sha1>8ax0d6n9uo7cn8q47d0wnxis12v18j4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927978</id>
      <parentid>927977</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T00:40:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>927978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="649" sha1="p7hg3ekbgdka1h71tyg4n1fsydmfco3" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:East_Neuk_Crail-09-09-2009_059_(3907090776).jpg|thumb|The herbour o Crail]]
The '''East Neuk o Fife''' is a coastal region o [[Fife]], [[Scotland]], facin the [[Firth o Forth]] and the [[North Sea]]. It is kent fur haein picturesque former fishin veelages,&lt;ref name=&quot;gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=East Neuk of Fife|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst56.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-05-24|publisher=[[Gazetteer for Scotland]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; such as [[Ainster]] and Crail, which eften exhibit distinctive pan-tiled ruifs and enclosed stane herbours.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geografie o Fife]]</text>
      <sha1>p7hg3ekbgdka1h71tyg4n1fsydmfco3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>927979</id>
      <parentid>927978</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-11T00:40:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grilledcheeseisgreat</username>
        <id>135002</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>addit stub tag</comment>
      <origin>927979</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="674" sha1="bl7gbb8bmfj45mp5jsx88txb473fmuk" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:East_Neuk_Crail-09-09-2009_059_(3907090776).jpg|thumb|The herbour o Crail]]
The '''East Neuk o Fife''' is a coastal region o [[Fife]], [[Scotland]], facin the [[Firth o Forth]] and the [[North Sea]]. It is kent fur haein picturesque former fishin veelages,&lt;ref name=&quot;gazetteer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=East Neuk of Fife|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst56.html|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-05-24|publisher=[[Gazetteer for Scotland]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; such as [[Ainster]] and Crail, which eften exhibit distinctive pan-tiled ruifs and enclosed stane herbours.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Stub/Places o Scotland}}
[[Category:Geografie o Fife]]</text>
      <sha1>bl7gbb8bmfj45mp5jsx88txb473fmuk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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